APPENDIX TABLESIndia WT/TPR/S/33
Page 181
Table AI.1
Industrial production indexa,1990-97
(Percent)
1990/91 1993/94 1995/96 1996/97
Allindustries 8.2 6.0 12.1 7.3
Manufacturing 9.0 6.1 13.6 8.8
ofwhich: food -12.6 -8.7 13.9 3.4
beverages andtobacco 1.7 21.3 19.4 14.3
textile products -32.0 -3.2 14.0 5.9
chemicals products 2.6 7.6 9.3 2.0
non-metallic minerals 1.7 4.6 12.1 8.2
metals, except machinery 0.4 1.6 16.8 2.7
machine tools 8.5 4.4 21.0 0.5
electric machinery 22.7 -4.9 19.5 6.6
transport equipment 6.5 5.3 24.6 19.6
Mining andquarrying 4.5 3.5 7.7 0.9
Electricity generation 7.8 7.4 8.1 3.8
a Annual percentage change onagross basis intheindustrial production index using 1980/81 asthebase.
Note: Year beginning 1April.
Source: Data supplied bytheGovernment ofIndia; andIMF(1996b), India -Recent Economic Developments, Staff Country Report
No.96/131.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 182
Table AI.2
Evolution oftheservice sector, 1980-96
(Percentofvalue ofsectoral output)
1980/81 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Wholesale andretail trade 31.4 29.9 29.1 29.2 29.6 30.3 31.8
Restaurants andhotels 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4
Transport andstorage 11.3 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.4 11.3 11.4
Communication 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4
Banking andinsurance 7.8 13.6 15.0 15.2 16.3 16.7 15.9
Realestate andownership 16.7 12.8 12.6 12.3 11.9 11.4 10.9
Public admn. anddefence 13.1 13.6 13.3 13.3 12.6 12.1 11.6
Other services 16.1 14.6 14.8 14.7 14.3 14.0 13.8
Note: Year beginning 1April.
Source: CSO, National Accounts Statistics, 1996.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 183
Table AI.3
Exports bygroups ofproducts, 1980-96
(US$ million andpercent)
Commodity 1980/81 1985/86 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Total (US$ million) 7,511 8,950 17,859 17,873 20,697 22,206 26,309 31,650
Percentoftotal
Total primary products 41.1 41.8 27.7 26.5 24.9 24.7 22.1 24.9
Agriculture 33.2 28.2 19.6 18.8 17.8 18.8 16.7 20.0
-Food 28.2 25.3 15.6 16.8 16.2 16.8 15.5 18.7
Fishfresh, simply preserved 3.2 3.8 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.2 3.2
Animal feeding stuff 2.2 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.9 3.4 2.2 2.2
-Agricultural rawmaterial 5.0 2.8 4.1 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.3
Mining 7.9 13.6 8.1 7.7 7.1 5.9 5.4 4.9
-Oresandother minerals 7.3 7.2 4.6 4.6 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.8
-Non-ferrous metals 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.5
-Fuels 0.4 6.0 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.2 1.9 1.7
Manufactures 58.6 58.1 70.7 72.0 73.5 73.7 76.2 73.5
-Iron&steel 1.1 0.5 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.6 2.9 3.2
-Chemicals 4.2 3.7 8.1 8.8 7.1 7.4 8.5 8.5
Medicinal products, etc. 1.5 1.4 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3
Organic chemicals 0.2 0.3 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.3
-Other semi-manufactures 17.5 21.7 23.1 20.6 22.6 23.6 22.6 21.6
Pearl, prec-, semi-p stone 7.7 13.0 15.2 13.8 15.1 16.5 15.4 15.0
Diamonds nonindust, unset 7.1 12.7 14.5 13.1 14.5 16.1 15.0 14.5
-Machinery andtransport equip. 8.3 6.3 7.4 7.4 7.0 6.8 7.2 7.5
Power generating machines 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
Other non-electrical mach. 2.2 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6
Agr.machinery &tractor 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 '.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Office machines &
telecommunications equip.0.2 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.5
Other electrical machines 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1
Automotive products 2.5 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2
Other transport equipment 1.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1
-Textiles 15.2 11.5 11.2 13.1 12.9 11.9 13.1 12.8
Textile yarnandthread 0.7 0.8 2.0 3.0 3.1 2.9 4.0 4.3
Cotton fabrics, woven 4.7 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.0
Woven textiles, noncotton 3.2 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.2
Floor covr, tapestry, etc. 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.0
-Clothing 7.9 10.2 15.2 15.3 16.2 14.7 15.6 14.0
Clothing notoffur 7.9 10.2 15.2 15.3 16.2 14.7 15.6 14.0
-Other consumer goods 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.8 5.1 5.8 6.4 6.0
Software ... ... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4
Other 0.3 0.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
... Notavailable.
Note Year beginning 1April.
Source: UNSD, Comtrade Database (SITC Rev.1).WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 184
Table AI.4
Imports bygroups ofproducts, 1980-96
(US$ million andpercent)
Commodity 1980/81 1985/86 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Total (US$ million) 13,819 16,224 23,799 19,509 24,206 23,058 28,185 36,053
Percentoftotal
Total primary products 61.3 45.3 42.6 42.1 44.0 39.1 41.9 39.1
Agriculture 10.7 11.8 7.2 5.8 7.5 6.5 10.4 8.3
-Food 9.0 8.4 3.2 2.7 3.8 3.1 6.0 4.3
Sugar andhoney 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.2
-Agricultural rawmaterial 1.7 3.4 4.0 3.1 3.7 3.4 4.4 4.0
Mining 50.6 33.5 35.4 36.3 36.5 32.6 31.5 30.8
-Oresandother minerals 2.3 4.2 5.4 4.5 4.7 3.1 4.1 3.5
-Non-ferrous metals 3.6 2.8 2.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 3.5 3.5
-Fuels 44.6 26.5 27.3 29.9 29.8 27.3 23.9 23.8
Crude petroleum, etc. 28.1 18.8 14.0 16.3 16.9 14.8 11.7 9.5
Petroleum products 16.2 6.6 11.1 11.2 10.5 10.2 9.4 11.3
Coal, coke, briquettes 0.3 1.1 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.2
Manufactures 38.7 54.4 51.2 49.9 49.8 53.6 51.3 53.8
-Iron&steel 6.1 7.1 4.9 4.1 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.0
-Chemicals 10.2 14.7 12.9 15.9 14.3 13.1 15.2 15.8
Organic chemicals 1.8 2.6 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.8 4.9 4.7
Fertilizers, manufactured 4.8 5.4 2.6 3.3 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.8
Plastic materials, etc. 0.9 1.6 2.5 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.2
-Other semi-manufactures 7.2 8.6 11.4 12.8 13.7 14.2 8.5 9.0
Pearl, prec., semi-prec. stone 3.8 5.6 8.7 10.1 11.3 11.4 5.8 5.9
-Machinery &transport equip. 13.3 20.9 17.8 13.7 14.5 19.0 19.5 20.6
-Power generating machines 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5
-Other non-electrical machinery 6.1 11.9 7.4 6.1 6.5 7.4 8.4 9.6
Machines, n.e.s., nonelectric 4.2 8.9 4.4 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.4 5.3
Textile, leather machinery 0.5 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.5 2.0 2.4 2.2
-Office machines &
telecommunications equip.0.7 2.1 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.3
-Other electrical machines 1.7 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.5 3.1 3.6
-Automotive products 0.9 2.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.7
-Other transport equipment 3.5 1.3 2.8 1.0 1.2 4.6 3.0 1.9
Aircraft 3.1 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.5 4.0 2.6 1.3
-Textiles 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.0
-Clothing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-Other consumer goods 1.4 2.4 3.2 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.4
Other 0.0 0.3 6.2 8.0 6.2 7.3 6.8 7.1
... Notavailable.
Note Year beginning 1April.
Source: UNSD, Comtrade Database (SITC Rev.1).India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 185
Table AI.5
Merchandise exports bydestination, 1980-96
(US$ million andpercent)
1980/81 1985/86 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Total (US$ million) 7,511 8,950 17,859 17,873 20,679 22,206 26,309 31,650
Percentoftotal
America 12.7 19.5 16.1 18.1 20.9 20.1 21.4 19.5
USA 11.3 18.2 14.8 16.4 19.0 18.0 19.1 17.4
Canada 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Other America 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.1
Europe 46.3 41.6 48.6 41.0 35.9 33.4 33.5 33.3
EU15a23.9 19.2 28.9 28.3 29.5 27.1 27.9 27.4
Germanyb6.3 5.6 7.8 7.1 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.2
United Kingdom 6.1 4.8 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.2 6.4 6.3
Belgium-Luxembourg 2.4 2.1 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.5
Italy 2.6 1.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.2
Netherlands 2.4 1.4 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4
France, Monaco 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3
EFTAa2.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1
EastEurope 19.6 21.0 17.7 10.8 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.2
Former USSR 16.9 18.3 16.2 9.2 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.3
Other Europe 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6
Asia 32.4 28.4 28.8 34.2 35.4 39.8 38.2 39.1
Middle East 11.6 8.6 5.8 9.2 9.8 10.9 9.4 9.0
United Arab Emirates 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.1 4.4 5.2 4.8 4.5
EastAsia 17.2 16.7 19.7 21.4 21.4 24.8 24.1 24.7
Japan 9.7 10.7 9.4 9.3 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.0
Hong Kong, China 1.2 1.9 3.3 3.4 4.1 5.6 5.8 5.7
Singapore 1.3 1.2 1.8 2.2 3.2 3.4 2.9 2.8
South Asia 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.1 4.7 5.5
Bangladesh 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.5 3.3
Oceania 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4
Africa 6.5 3.2 2.5 3.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 5.2
Sub-Saharan Africa 4.5 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.5
Other Africa 2.0 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.8
Otherc0.4 5.9 2.9 2.3 2.6 1.8 1.6 1.4
a Austria, Finland andSweden areincluded inEU15 forthewhole period.
b Unified Germany.
c Consists primarily ofexports forwhich nodestination isspecified.
Note Year beginning 1April.
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.1).WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 186
Table AI.6
Merchandise imports byorigin, 1980-96
(US$ million andpercent)
1980/81 1985/86 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96
Total (US$ million) 13,819 16,224 23,799 19,509 24,206 23,058 28,185 36,053
Percentoftotal
America15.9 15.6 14.1 12.9 12.7 13.8 13.9 13.3
USA 11.5 10.5 10.7 9.7 9.6 11.6 10.2 10.6
Canada 2.3 2.3 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.9 1.1
Other America 2.0 2.8 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.2 2.7 1.6
Europe 26.7 40.7 37.2 35.1 33.9 34.4 32.0 33.7
EU15a19.7 28.4 29.9 29.9 30.3 30.6 26.5 27.6
Germanyb5.6 8.3 8.0 8.0 7.6 7.7 7.7 8.7
United Kingdom 5.4 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.5 5.4 5.2
Belgium-Luxembourg 2.4 4.9 6.3 7.1 8.4 8.1 4.3 4.7
Italy 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.5
France, Monaco 2.1 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.1
Netherlands 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5
EFTAa1.3 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.7
EastEurope 5.5 10.6 5.4 3.7 2.2 2.3 3.3 4.2
Former USSR 4.0 8.5 3.9 2.7 1.2 1.6 2.7 2.3
Other Europe 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3
Asia 38.1 37.9 31.6 33.0 32.8 32.1 36.8 34.1
Middle East 27.4 20.2 14.5 16.8 16.3 15.3 15.3 12.7
Saudi Arabia 4.6 4.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.3 4.5 3.8
United Arab Emirates 2.9 3.3 3.2 5.1 4.2 3.6 4.5 3.4
Kuwait 0.9 1.7 0.4 1.1 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3
EastAsia 10.4 17.1 16.6 15.6 15.7 16.4 20.9 20.7
Japan 5.0 9.0 7.5 7.0 6.6 6.6 7.2 6.8
China 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.3 2.7 2.4
Singapore 0.5 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.3
Korea Rep. 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.2
South Asia 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7
Oceania 1.3 2.5 3.5 3.3 4.2 3.2 3.5 3.0
Australia 1.3 2.2 3.1 2.9 3.8 2.8 3.2 2.8
Africa 1.8 3.3 2.5 5.0 6.3 6.2 5.3 5.5
Sub-Saharan Africa 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.3 4.1 4.7 2.5 3.3
Other Africa 0.6 1.8 1.0 2.7 2.2 1.5 2.7 2.2
Otherc16.2 0.0 11.1 10.8 10.1 10.2 8.5 10.4
a Austria, Finland andSweden areincluded inEU15 forthewhole period.
b Unified Germany.
c Consists primarily ofimports forwhich nosource isspecified. For1980, consists primarily ofimports fromspecial categories.
Note Year beginning 1April.
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.1).India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 187
Table AI.7
India'sintra-industry trade withtheworld bytheGATT Tariff Study Categories, 1980/81, 1990/91 and1995/96
T.S
CodeaDescriptionNumber
ofSITC
linesIntra-industry trade (percent)
1980/81 1990/91 1995/96
Allcategories 804 13.81 27.99 27.80
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34Rawhides andskins, leather andfurskins
Rubber
Wood andcork
Pulp, paper andpaperboard
Textiles andclothing
Mineral products andfertilizers
Precious stones andprecious metals
Oresandmetals
Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Chemicals
Non-electrical machinery
Electrical machines andapparatus
Transport equipment
Professional, scientific andcontrolling instruments,
photographic apparatus, clocks andwatches
Footwear andtravel goods
Photographic andcinematographic supplies
Furniture
Musical instruments, sound recording orreproduction apparatus
Toys
Works ofartandcollectors pieces
Firearms, ammunition, tanks andother armoured fighting vehicles
Office andstationery supplies
Manufactured articles notelsewhere specified
Foodstuffs
Grains
Animals andproducts thereof
Oilseeds, fatsandoilsandtheirproducts
Cutflowers, plants, vegetable materials
Beverages andspirits
Dairy products
Fish, shellfish andproducts
Tobacco
Other agricultural products ofanimal origin
Other agricultural products ofvegetable origin24
13
28
27
79
64
17
115
22
72
45
21
31
17
5
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
15
63
13
24
36
6
8
8
6
6
4
80.81
36.23
16.73
10.16
1.59
4.26
94.76
12.23
1.04
27.80
34.48
43.01
17.83
19.50
0.50
8.17
27.79
72.86
4.64
0.51
26.62
43.55
19.28
13.11
21.07
0.83
1.07
11.54
9.06
2.78
4.26
0.24
7.29
2.6615.14
17.13
4.10
9.04
6.60
7.02
85.94
21.62
14.87
39.19
41.79
37.15
28.91
23.09
4.01
5.85
95.51
51.35
26.66
0.17
29.59
90.07
31.87
16.70
22.18
0.30
3.21
29.80
67.00
35.43
0.01
1.30
9.45
17.8216.45
19.50
12.34
28.41
7.70
7.99
58.42
36.65
2.69
47.15
33.14
44.13
25.42
24.01
5.76
7.02
91.41
85.05
32.60
4.08
32.32
49.38
31.73
34.61
0.43
0.20
4.30
21.42
68.57
58.59
1.62
7.56
28.89
26.04
a WTO tariff study categories.
Note: Calculations byWTO Secretariat using theGrubel andLloyd formula (at4-digit SITC level).
n n
[(Xij+Mij)-|Xij -Mij|]
i=1 j=1
IITg=------------------------------------------------------
n n
[(Xij+Mij)]
i=1 j=1
where X,Mareexports andimports, andiandjrepresent, respectively, commodities andtrading partners forwhich trade is
being summed. Ifalltraded goods inasector areeither onlyexported oronlyimported, thentheintra-industry trade ratiowould
bezero. If,forallcommodities inasector, exports equal imports, thenintra-industry trade is100percent.
Note Year beginning 1April.
Source: Calculations byWTO Secretariat using 4-Digit SITC Rev.1 datafrom theUNSD Comtrade database.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 188
Table AI.8
India'sintra-industry trade withtheEuropean Union bytheGATT Tariff Study Categories, 1980/81, 1990/91 and1995/96
T.S
CodeaDescriptionNumber
ofSITC
linesIntra-industry trade (percent)
1980/81 1990/91 1995/96
Allcategories 804 11.81 21.15 24.52
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34Rawhides andskins, leather andfurskins
Rubber
Wood andcork
Pulp, paper andpaperboard
Textiles andclothing
Mineral products andfertilizers
Precious stones andprecious metals
Oresandmetals
Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Chemicals
Non-electrical machinery
Electrical machines andapparatus
Transport equipment
Professional, scientific andcontrolling instruments,
photographic apparatus, clocks andwatches
Footwear andtravel goods
Photographic andcinematographic supplies
Furniture
Musical instruments, sound recording orreproduction apparatus
Toys
Works ofartandcollectors pieces
Firearms, ammunition, tanks andother armoured fighting vehicles
Office andstationery supplies
Manufactured articles notelsewhere specified
Foodstuffs
Grains
Animals andproducts thereof
Oilseeds, fatsandoilsandtheirproducts
Cutflowers, plants, vegetable materials
Beverages andspirits
Dairy products
Fish, shellfish andproducts
Tobacco
Other agricultural products ofanimal origin
Other agricultural products ofvegetable origin24
13
28
27
79
64
17
115
22
72
45
21
31
17
5
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
15
63
13
24
36
6
8
8
6
6
4
80.98
16.24
28.32
4.28
1.29
3.79
47.30
6.90
0.00
21.63
7.79
8.83
4.81
21.80
0.08
7.31
83.50
40.82
2.34
0.27
18.85
57.93
32.33
1.07
0.14
1.53
0.14
6.28
0.83
0.00
0.35
0.06
11.06
0.398.42
13.23
4.81
3.65
1.89
6.78
49.70
20.77
0.00
38.66
10.48
11.86
15.67
7.54
4.88
7.00
38.00
64.70
25.66
0.05
31.53
58.07
24.22
0.83
0.00
14.22
0.27
12.04
19.28
5.32
0.01
0.10
13.89
30.2810.05
26.51
24.20
9.70
3.09
12.39
59.72
30.70
0.82
45.81
13.38
30.00
30.39
14.03
6.62
4.41
74.86
85.00
14.17
5.32
24.85
89.18
21.21
3.75
0.67
0.81
2.62
15.25
7.13
21.15
0.00
3.51
11.89
21.28
a WTO tariff study categories.
Note Calculations byWTO Secretariat using theGrubel andLloyd formula (at4-digit SITC level).
n n
[(Xij+Mij)-|Xij -Mij|]
i=1 j=1
IITg=------------------------------------------------------
n n
[(Xij+Mij)]
i=1 j=1
where X,Mareexports andimports, andiandjrepresent, respectively, commodities andtrading partners forwhich trade is
being summed. Ifalltraded goods inasector areeither onlyexported oronlyimported, thentheintra-industry trade ratiowould
bezero. If,forallcommodities inasector, exports equal imports, thenintra-industry trade is100percent.
Note Year beginning 1April.
Source: Calculations byWTO Secretariat using 4-Digit SITC Rev.1 datafrom theUNSD Comtrade database.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 189
Table AI.9
India'sintra-industry trade withtheUnited States bytheGATT Tariff Study Categories, 1980/81, 1990/91 and1995/96
T.S
CodeaDescriptionNumber
ofSITC
linesIntra-industry trade (percent)
1980/81 1990/91 1995/96
Allcategories 804 4.80 14.04 18.89
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34Rawhides andskins, leather andfurskins
Rubber
Wood andcork
Pulp, paper andpaperboard
Textiles andclothing
Mineral products andfertilizers
Precious stones andprecious metals
Oresandmetals
Coal, petroleum, natural gas
Chemicals
Non-electrical machinery
Electrical machines andapparatus
Transport equipment
Professional, scientific andcontrolling instruments,
photographic apparatus, clocks andwatches
Footwear andtravel goods
Photographic andcinematographic supplies
Furniture
Musical instruments, sound recording orreproduction apparatus
Toys
Works ofartandcollectors pieces
Firearms, ammunition, tanks andother armoured fighting vehicles
Office andstationery supplies
Manufactured articles notelsewhere specified
Foodstuffs
Grains
Animals andproducts thereof
Oilseeds, fatsandoilsandtheirproducts
Cutflowers, plants, vegetable materials
Beverages andspirits
Dairy products
Fish, shellfish andproducts
Tobacco
Other agricultural products ofanimal origin
Other agricultural products ofvegetable origin24
13
28
27
79
64
17
115
22
72
45
21
31
17
5
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
15
63
13
24
36
6
8
8
6
6
4
80.22
9.64
1.83
7.48
0.36
1.51
7.90
13.11
...
8.54
10.74
18.43
1.27
6.66
1.98
12.83
80.56
34.39
3.13
0.81
18.18
17.98
38.62
6.80
0.00
0.14
0.04
1.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.11
5.32
4.2611.58
7.23
5.84
3.41
0.66
0.81
10.09
12.45
0.00
20.13
19.60
13.83
32.42
8.68
4.95
5.35
43.19
45.65
64.33
0.31
41.79
35.56
78.81
28.39
73.12
0.00
0.61
6.78
2.80
0.00
0.00
0.36
11.92
69.7513.76
14.41
14.72
10.25
1.25
2.83
9.62
18.90
0.00
34.49
32.78
38.18
6.77
14.76
3.23
16.37
60.07
89.04
58.12
2.80
0.00
30.05
70.94
33.29
0.00
0.00
9.81
4.72
16.46
9.10
0.00
37.33
9.78
34.96
a WTO tariff study categories.
... Means notrade.
Note Calculations byWTO Secretariat using theGrubel andLloyd formula (at4-digit SITC level).
n n
[(Xij+Mij)-|Xij -Mij|]
i=1 j=1
IITg=------------------------------------------------------
n n
[(Xij+Mij)]
i=1 j=1
where X,Mareexports andimports, andiandjrepresent, respectively, commodities andtrading partners forwhich trade is
being summed. Ifalltraded goods inasector areeither onlyexported oronlyimported, thentheintra-industry trade ratiowould
bezero. If,forallcommodities inasector, exports equal imports, thenintra-industry trade is100percent.
Note Year beginning 1April.
Source: Calculations byWTO Secretariat using 4-Digit SITC Rev.1 datafrom theUNSD Comtrade database.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 190
Table AII.1
Consumer goods sectors inwhich dividend balancing isrequired
Manufacture offoodandfoodproducts Softdrinks andcarbonated water industry
Manufacture ofdairy products Manufacture ofcigars, cigarettes, cheroot andcigarette tobacco
Grain millproducts Manufacture ofwood andwood products, furniture andfixtures
Manufacture ofbakery products Manufacture ofleather andfur/leather products
Manufacture andrefining ofsugar (vacuum pansugar factories) Tanning, curing, finishing, embossing andjapanning ofleather
Production ofcommon salt Manufacture offootwear (excluding repair) except vulcanized for
moulded rubber orplastic footwear
Manufacture ofhydrogenated oil(Vanaspati) Manufacture offootwear made primarily ofvulcanized or
moulded products
Teaprocessing Prophylactics (rubber contraceptives)
Coffee Motor cars
Manufacture ofbeverages, tobacco andtobacco products Entertainment electronics
Distilling, rectifying andblending ofspirits, wine industries,
maltliquors andmalt, production ofcountry liquors andtoddyWhite goods
Source: Government ofIndia (1996d), Handbook ofIndustrial Policy andStatistics.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 191
Table AIII.1
Effective tariff andbindings, byHSchapter
(Percent)
Simple effective ratea
(October 1997)Bound ratesb
(byyear2005)
HS
(2-digit)Nof
lines Description1995/96
Imports
(%oftotal)Simple
average RangeStandard
dev.Simple
average Range
Total 5106 100.0 34.9 0-260 14.7 54.0 0-300
01 17Liveanimals 0.0 38.5 0-45 15.3 100.0 100-100
02 53Meat andedible meat offal 0.0 15.0 15-15 0 106.0 100-150
03 87Fish&crustacean, mollusc &
other aquatic invertebrate0.0 15.0 15-15 0 (notbound)
04 27Dairy prod; birds eggs; natural
honey; edible prodnes0.1 32.4 0-35 9.3 128.0 0-150
05 17Products ofanimal origin, nesor
included0.0 15.0 15-15 0 100.0 100-100
06 12Livetree&other plant; bulb,
root; cutflowers, etc.0.0 12.1 10-15 2.6 119.2 100-150
07 56Edible vegetables andcertain
roots andtubers0.6 13.2 5-15 2.9 109.6 100-150
08 55Edible fruitandnuts; peelof
citrus fruitormelons1.0 44.7 0-127 13.6 105.4 30-150
09 32Coffee, tea,matû andspices 0.1 29.4 15-35 9.1 136.7 100-150
10 16Cereals 0.0 0.0 0-0 0 47.2 0-100
11 34Prod millindust; malt; starches;
inulin; wheat gluten0.0 34.4 15-35 3.4 136.8 100-150
12 44Oilseed, oleagi fruits; miscell
grain, seed, fruit, etc.0.1 35.9 10-45 14.2 103.4 100-150
13 12Lac; gums, resins &other
vegetable saps&extracts0.1 41.7 25-45 7.8 100.0 100-100
14 10Vegetable plaiting materials;
vegetable products nes0.0 15.0 15-15 0 100.0 100-100
15 46Animal/veg fats&oils&their
cleavage products, etc.2.2 35.7 15-45 5.3 218.5 15-300
16 26Prepofmeat, fishorcrustaceans,
molluscs, etc.0.0 45.0 45-45 0 127.4 55-150
17 16Sugars andsugar confectionery 0.2 33.1 0-45 17.1 133.3 100-150
18 11Cocoa andcocoa preparations 0.0 36.8 35-45 4 127.3 100-150
19 17Prepofcereal, flour, starch/
milk; pastrycooks products0.1 43.2 15-45 7.3 141.7 17.5-150
20 44Prepofvegetable, fruit, nutsor
other parts ofplants0.0 45.0 45-45 0 150.0 150-150
21 16Miscellaneous edible preparations 0.2 54.2 45-192 36.8 150.0 150-150
22 22Beverages, spirits andvinegar 0.0 143.4 15-260 94.1 150.0 150-150
23 25Residues &waste from thefood
indust; prepr animal fodder0.1 41.4 0-45 12.5 104.2 100-150
24 9Tobacco andmanufactured
tobacco substitutes0.0 45.0 45-45 0 150.0 150-150
25 74Salt; sulphur; earth &stone
plastering mat; lime&cem1.3 32.0 0-45 8.9 38.2 2.5-40
26 34Ores, slagandash 0.6 11.0 10-35 4.4 30.2 25-40
27 40Mineral fuels, oils&products of
theirdistillation, etc.25.4 22.8 0-35 11.4 25.0 25-25
28 187 Inorgn chem; compds ofprec
met,radioact elements, etc2.5 34.5 0-45 4.2 39.8 25-40
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 192
Simple effective ratea
(October 1997)Bound ratesb
(byyear2005)
HS
(2-digit)Nof
lines Description1995/96
Imports
(%oftotal)Simple
average RangeStandard
dev.Simple
average Range
29 315 Organic chemicals 5.8 33.5 15-45 5.2 39.9 25-150
30 29Pharmaceutical products 0.3 33.8 0-35 6.5 38.8 25-42.5
31 26Fertilizers 4.0 20.6 0-35 17.2 4.5 0-5
32 46Tanning/dyeing extract; tannins &
derivs; pigm etc.0.4 34.1 15-45 5.5 39.0 25-40
33 35Essential oils&resinoids; perf,
cosmetic/toilet prep0.1 44.6 25-52 3.6 136.3 40-150
34 23Soap, organic surface-active
agents, washing prep, etc.0.2 45.0 45-45 0 40.0 40-40
35 15Albuminoidal subs; modified
starches; glues; enzymes0.1 35.0 35-35 0 83.5 40-150
36 8Explosives; pyrotechnic prod;
matches; pyrop alloy; etc.0.0 35.0 35-35 0 40.0 40-40
37 36Photographic orcinematographic
goods0.5 29.2 15-30 3.5 40.0 40-40
38 69Miscellaneous chemical products 0.7 34.6 25-35 1.7 43.9 40-150
39 126 Plastics andarticles thereof 2.8 35.0 35-35 0 40.0 40-40
40 72Rubbers andarticles thereof 0.9 43.3 3-45 6.7 38.0 3-40
41 34Rawhides andskins (other than
furskins) andleather0.4 2.9 0-25 8.2 26.8 25-40
42 22Articles ofleather; saddlery/
harness; travel goods etc.0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
43 18Furskins andartificial fur;
manufactures thereof0.0 18.3 0-45 13.2 76.0 40-100
44 68Wood andarticles ofwood; wood
charcoal0.7 28.8 0-35 13.4 36.5 25-40
45 7Cork andarticles ofcork. 0.0 35.0 35-35 0 40.0 40-40
46 6Manufactures ofstraw,
esparto/other plaiting mat;etc.0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
47 20Pulpofwood/of other fibrous
cellulosic mat;waste etc.0.8 3.0 0-10 4.7 28.2 25-40
48 109 Paper &paperboard; artofpaper
pulp, paper/paperboard1.4 33.5 10-45 10.2 39.8 25-40
49 19Printed books, newspapers,
pictures &other product etc.0.3 15.8 0-25 12.4 25.0 25-25
50 10Silk 0.3 35.0 35-35 0 100.0 100-100
51 36Wool, fine/coarse animal hair,
horsehair yarn&fabric0.5 38.9 25-45 9.3 59.8 25-100
52 131 Cotton 0.5 41.3 0-45 7.2 41.0 25-150
53 31Other vegetable textile fibres;
paper yarn&woven fabric0.1 37.3 0-45 10 52.4 40-100
54 66Man-made filaments 0.4 41.4 35-55 5.2 40.0 40-40
55 115 Man-made staple fibres 0.5 43.3 30-45 3.9 40.0 40-40
56 34Wadding, felt&nonwoven;
yarns; twine, cordage, etc.0.1 45.0 45-45 0 40.0 40-40
57 23Carpets andother textile floor
coverings0.0 45.9 45-55 2.9 (notbound)
58 41Special woven fab;tufted texfab;
lace; tapestries etc.0.1 44.3 30-45 3.3 40.0 40-40
59 25Impregnated, coated,
cover/laminated textile fabric etc.0.2 45.0 45-45 0 40.0 40-40
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 193
Simple effective ratea
(October 1997)Bound ratesb
(byyear2005)
HS
(2-digit)Nof
lines Description1995/96
Imports
(%oftotal)Simple
average RangeStandard
dev.Simple
average Range
60 18Knitted orcrocheted fabrics 0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
61 114 Artofapparel &clothing access,
knitted orcrocheted0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
62 119 Artofapparel &clothing access,
notknitted orcrocheted0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
63 59Other made uptextile articles;
sets;worn clothing etc.0.1 44.2 30-45 3.3 (notbound)
64 29Footwear, gaiters andthelike;
parts ofsucharticles0.1 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
65 11Headgear andparts thereof 0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
66 7Umbrellas, walking-sticks,
seat-sticks, whips, etc.0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
67 8Prepr feathers &down; arti
flower; articles human hair0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
68 52Artofstone, plaster, cement,
asbestos, mica/sim mat0.1 44.4 35-45 2.4 40.0 40-40
69 29Ceramic products 0.1 43.7 32-45 4 37.6 25-40
70 65Glass andglassware 0.2 45.0 45-45 0 40.0 40-40
71 52Natural/cultured pearls, prec
stones &metals, coinetc.8.8 40.8 0-45 12.7 40.0 40-40
72 171 Ironandsteel 4.8 33.5 10-35 4.3 39.7 25-40
73 122 Articles ofironorsteel 1.0 35.0 35-35 0 40.0 40-40
74 58Copper andarticles thereof 1.8 35.0 35-35 0 (notbound)
75 17Nickel andarticles thereof 0.3 15.0 15-15 0 39.0 25-40
76 36Aluminium andarticles thereof 0.8 25.0 25-25 0 (notbound)
78 10Zincandarticles thereof 0.1 35.0 35-35 0 (notbound)
79 10Tinandarticles thereof 0.2 35.0 35-35 0 (notbound)
80 8Other basemetals; cermets;
articles thereof0.1 25.0 25-25 0 38.3 25-40
81 36Tool, implement, cutlery, spoon
&fork, ofbasemetetc.0.2 35.0 35-35 0 39.1 25-40
82 66Miscellaneous articles ofbase
metal0.2 32.5 30-45 5.6 33.8 25-42.5
83 36Nuclear reactors, boilers, mchy &
mech appliance; parts0.1 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
84 503 Electrical mchy equip parts
thereof; sound recorder etc.12.4 26.8 10-45 5.8 30.2 3-40
85 292 Railw/tramw locom, rolling-stock
&parts thereof; etc.6.1 35.9 15-45 9.7 36.9 25-40
86 24Vehicles o/trailw/tramw
roll-stock, pts&accessories0.1 39.4 30-45 7.4 40.0 40-40
87 76Aircraft, spacecraft, andparts
thereof1.4 44.4 0-45 5.2 40.0 40-40
88 15Ships, boats andfloating
structures1.4 18.6 0-45 22.3 22.2 3-40
89 17Optical, photo, cine, meas,
checking, precision, etc.0.3 19.1 0-45 22.4 30.0 25-40
90 160 Clocks andwatches andparts
thereof2.1 31.8 15-55 9.5 38.1 25-40
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 194
Simple effective ratea
(October 1997)Bound ratesb
(byyear2005)
HS
(2-digit)Nof
lines Description1995/96
Imports
(%oftotal)Simple
average RangeStandard
dev.Simple
average Range
91 55Musical instruments; parts and
access ofsucharticles0.1 38.8 30-45 7 40.0 40-40
92 23Arms andammunition; parts and
accessories thereof0.0 35.0 35-35 0 (notbound)
93 17Furniture; bedding, mattress, matt
support, cushion etc.0.0 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
94 37Toys, games &sports requisites;
parts &access thereof0.1 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
95 43Miscellaneous manufactured
articles0.0 30.0 30-30 0 40.0 40-40
96 50Miscellaneous manufactured
articles0.1 45.0 45-45 0 (notbound)
97 7Works ofart,collectors pieces
andantiques0.0 38.6 0-45 17 (notbound)
a Effective m.f.n. rates(i.e.actual ratesapplied where standard tariff levels havebeenreduced byexempt rates). Many exempt
rateshavenotbeenincorporated intoeffective duties (such aswhere theexempt rateapplies toonlypartoftheHSsix-digit tariff
line; andspecific exemptions).
b Bindings undertaken intheUruguay Round; ratesshown arethose attheendoftheimplementation period, i.e.theyear2005.
Note: Tariff averages considering tariff lineswithadvalorem rates. Year beginning 1April.
Source: WTO Secretariat.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 195
Table AIII.2
End-use concessional tariff
Chapter/
Heading/
Subheading
No.Specified useeligible for
concessionDescription ofitems eligible forconcessional entryConcessional
tariff rate(%)
22 Thechurch Wine, foruseassacramental wine. 45
27.10 or
2714.90Thefertiliser industry Allgoods, forthemanufacture offertilisers. 0
2711.11 or
2714.90Thepower industry Allgoods, forthepurpose ofpower generation. 0
28or29 Thecentchroman industry Chemicals, foruseinthemanufacture ofCentchroman. 0
28 Thefertiliser industry Phosporic acid, forthemanufacture offertilisers. 0
28 Asabove Anthydrous ammonia, forthemanufacture offertilisers. 0
28 Therawcubic zirconia
industryZirconium oxide orYttrium oxide, forthemanufacture ofrawcubic
zirconia.15
29 TheEnzyme Linked
Immunoabsorbent
Assay Kits(ELISA Kits)
industryThefollowing goods, forthemanufacture ofEnzyme Linked
Immunoabsorbent Assay Kits(ELISA Kits):
i) Plastic ELISA plates;
ii) Deactivated positive control seraagainst human andanimal diseases;
iii) Enzyme horse raddish peroxidase;
iv) Enzyme Alkaline phosphatase;
v) Enzyme glucose oxidase;
vi) Animal antihuman immunoglobins;
vii) Protein AorProtein AGold Conjugates;
viii) Polystyrene latex beads;
ix) Deactivated enzyme labelled human antiHIVreagent.0
3102.10 Themanurial industry Urea, foruseasmanure. 0
31 Asabove Kyanite salts, inaform indicative oftheiruseformanurial purpose. 0
31 Thefertiliser industry Muriate ofpotash, foruseasmanure orfortheproduction of
complex fertilisers.0
31 Themanurial and
fertilizer industriesAmmonium phosphate orammonium nitrophosphate, foruseas
manure orfortheproduction ofcomplex fertilisers.0
3105.30 Asabove Diammonium phosphate, foruseasmanure orfortheproduction
ofcomplex fertilisers.0
31 Themanurial industry Potassium Nitrate, inaform indicative ofitsuseformanurial purpose. 0
37 Theeducation system Filmstrips andfilmslides foreducational purposes. 15
39.20 Themedical and
industrial X-ray films and
graphic artfilms industrySubbed polyester baseimported forthemanufacture ofmedical
andindustrial X-ray films andgraphic artfilms.25
39,44,45,
54,56or
95Thesports goods industry Thefollowing goods foruseinthemanufacture ofsports goods, namely:
(1) Nylon gutfalling under Chapter 39,54or56;
(2) Willow clefts, ashwood orbeechwood falling under Chapter 44;
(3) Cork bottoms falling under Chapter 45or95.15
49 UNICEF Greeting cards, diaries andcalendars, andcorresponding number of
envelopes forsuchgreeting cards, diaries andcalendars, imported by
theUnited Nations International Children 'sEmergency Fund (UNICEF).0
49.07 TheReserve Bank ofIndia Printed Indian Bank Notes, imported bytheReserve Bank ofIndia. 0
51.01 State Handloom
Development Corporation,
theKhadi andVillage
Industries Commission,
State Khadi andVillage
Industries Board, and
registered Apex State Level
Khadi FederationsRawwool, imported byaregistered Apex Handloom Cooperative
Society, aState Handloom Development Corporation, theKhadi and
Village Industries Commission, aState Khadi andVillage Industries
Board oraregistered Apex State Level Khadi Federation.0
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 196
Chapter/
Heading/
Subheading
No.Specified useeligible for
concessionDescription ofitems eligible forconcessional entryConcessional
tariff rate(%)
64orany
other
chapterTheleather industry Thefollowing goods foruseintheleather industry, namely:
(1) Parts, consumables andother items specified inList3(A);
(2) Other parts, consumables anditems specified inList3(B).25
70.15 Theoptical lenses industry Opthalmic blanks, formanufacture ofoptical lenses. 25
70.19 Thepollution control
industryGlass fibre sewing thread andglass fibrefilter cloth, formanufacture of
goods intended forpollution control purposes.0
71 Banks Foreign currency coins when imported intoIndia byaScheduled bank. 0
72 Thetinplates industry Tinmillblack plate (TMBP) coils, forthemanufacture oftinplates only. 25
72.03 Thefurnace industry Hotbriquetted iron(HBI) andsponge iron, imported byoronbehalf of
anelectric arcfurnace unitorinduction furnace unit.25
72.04 Asabove Melting scrap ofironorsteel(other thanstainless steelorheatresisting
steel), foruseinelectric arcfurnace orinduction furnace ormelting ina
hotblastcupola orforsupply toaunitforuseinelectric arcfurnace or
induction furnace ormelting inahotblastcupola.10
84 Legally entitled
authoritiesFogging machines imported byaMunicipal Committee, District Board,
orother authority legally entitled to,orentrusted bytheGovernment
with, thecontrol ormanagement ofaMunicipal Fund, forusein
combating malaria andother mosquito borne diseases.0
84or90 Theleather industry Goods specified inList6,designed foruseintheleather industry. 25
84orany
other
chapterThefuelinjection
equipment industryThefollowing goods, when imported uptoaninclusive ofthe31stday
ofMarch, 1998, namely:
(A) Parts offuelinjection equipment (including those insemi-knocked
down packs orcompletely knocked down packs) formanufacture
offuelinjection equipment;
(B) Parts offuelinjection equipment forproviding warranty coverage
oraftersales service (freeofcostorotherwise) tocustomers bythe
manufacturer offuelinjection equipment;25
(C) Parts (other thanrawmaterials) formanufacture ofgoods specified
at(A)above;
(D) Machinery tools andapparatus falling under Chapter 82,84,85
or90formanufacture offuelinjection equipment
84,85or
anyother
chapterThewind operated
electricity generators
industryThefollowing goods:
(i) Wind operated electricity generators upto30KWandwind
operated battery chargers upto30KW;
(ii) Parts ofwind operated electricity generators, formanufacture of
wind operated electricity generators, namely: (a)Special bearings,
(b)Gear box,(c)Yawcomponents, (d)Sensors, (e)Parts ofthe
goods specified at(a)to(d)above;
(iii) Parts ofwind operated electricity generators, formanufacture
ofwind operated electricity generators, namely: (a)Brake
hydraulics, (b)Flexible coupling, (c)Brake calipers, (d)wind
turbine controllers, (e)Parts ofthegoods specified at(a)to(d)
above;
(iv) Blades forrotor ofwind operated electricity generators, for
manufacture ofwind operated electricity generators; and
(v) Parts andrawmaterials formanufacture ofblades forrotor
ofwind operated electricity generators.0-25
84,85or
anyother
chapterThefertiliser industry (A) Machinery, instruments, apparatus andappliances, aswell
asparts (whether finished ornot)orrawmaterials forthe
manufacture ofaforesaid items andtheirparts, required for
renovation ormodernisation ofafertiliser plant; and0
Asabove (B) Spare parts, other rawmaterials (including semifinished
material) orconsumables stores, essential formaintenance
ofthefertiliser plant mentioned above.
84,85 Theground power
units andairjetstarters
industryThefollowing goods, formanufacture ofground power units and
airjetstarters. (1)Diesel engines of2.400 rpm; (2)Alternators of
400Hz,115/200 Vand2.400 rpm; (3)Oilfreedryscrew compressor.15
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 197
Chapter/
Heading/
Subheading
No.Specified useeligible for
concessionDescription ofitems eligible forconcessional entryConcessional
tariff rate(%)
84orany
other
chapterTheReserve Bank ofIndia
orBhartiya Reserve Bank
Note Mudran Private
LimitedThefollowing goods, namely:
(1) Plant, machinery equipment, special tools, tackles spares
(including insurance spares), consumables andsecurity surveillance
systems imported byoronbehalf oftheReserve Bank ofIndia or
Bhartiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited forthesetting
upofNewNote Press projects atSalboni inWest Bengal andat
Mysore inKarnataka;0
(2) Plant, machinery, equipment, spares (including insurance spares)
andconsumables imported byoronbehalf oftheReserve Bank of
India forexpansion andmodernisation oftheCurrency Note Press
atNasik inMaharashtra andtheBank Note Press atDewas in
Madhya Pradesh.
84orany
other
chapterThesolar energy
equipments industryThefollowing goods, namely:
a) Vacuum tubesolar collectors, concentrating solar collectors,
plastic collectors orstirling engines, formanufacture ofsolar
energy equipments;15
b) Linear actuators fortracking systems, Fresnel lenses orsun
sensors, formanufacture ofconcentrating solar collectors.
84or85 Theoutboard motors
industrySpares, supplied withoutboard motors formaintenance ofsuch
outboard motors.10
Anychapter Thebutton cellsindustry Rawmaterials orparts, formanufacture ofbutton cells. 25
84orany
other
chapterGreen House Goods specified inList8required foruseinaGreen House. 30
84orany
other
chapterAirports Authority
ofIndiaNavigational, communication, airtraffic control andlanding
equipments andspares formaintenance ofsuchequipments
when imported byAirports Authority ofIndia.25
84orany
other
chapterThehotel industry Goods specified inList9required fortheinitial setting upofa
hotel orforsubstantial expansion ofahotel.30
72.73,84,
85or90Thepower generation plant
industryAllgoods, forrenovation forormodernisation ofapower
generation plant (other thancaptive power generation plant).25
72,73,84,
85or90Asabove Allgoods, imported byamanufacturer-supplier forthemanufacture
andsupply ofmachinery andequipment toapower generation plant
(other thancaptive power generation plant).15
84,85or
90Thetextile industry Themachinery orequipment specified inList10,required for
textile industry.15
Anychapter Asabove Parts, formanufacture ofthemachinery/ equipment which is
specified inList10.15
84,85or
anyother
chapterTheon-shore oroff-shore
oilexploration or
exploitation industryGoods specified in,(1)List11(A) foron-shore oroff-shore oil
exploration orexploitation (2)List11(B) foron-shore oilexploration or
exploitation (3)List11(C) foroff-shore oilexploration orexploitation.25
84orany
other
chapterAsabove Parts andrawmaterials formanufacture ofgoods tobesupplied in
connection withthepurposes ofoff-shore oilexploration orexploitation.0
84orany
other
chapterThepetroleum industry Goods specified inList12required inconnection withpetroleum
operations undertaken operations undertaken under specified contracts.0
Anychapter Hazira-Bijapur -Jagdishpur
(H-B-J) GasPipeline
ProjectGoods required fortheHazira-Bijapur -Jagdishpur (H-B-J) Gas
Pipeline Project.35
68,82or
84Theelectronic parts
industryMoulds (including chases forthemanufacture ofsemi-conductor
devices), tools (excluding tungsten carbide micro PCBdrills) and
dies, forthemanufacture ofelectronic parts.30
84,85or
90Asabove Thegoods specified inList13,forthemanufacture ofgoods falling
under heading Nos. 85.41 or85.42.15
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 198
Chapter/
Heading/
Subheading
No.Specified useeligible for
concessionDescription ofitems eligible forconcessional entryConcessional
tariff rate(%)
84.71 or
85.04Research institutions Computer peripheral devices andpower supply units supplying
power under thecontrol ofcomputer system towhich theybelong,
forthemanufacture ofcomputer systems tobesupplied toa
research institution only.0
85,90or
anyother
chapterForeign filmunitor
television teamTelevision equipment, cameras andother equipment fortaking
films, imported byaforeign filmunitortelevision team.0
28,38,85
or98Theundiffused silicon
wafers; solar cellsorsolar
cellmodules; photo-voltaic
applications industriesThefollowing goods, namely (A)Silicon inallforms, thatis,
polycrystalline silicon oringots, forthemanufacture ofundiffused
silicon wafers; (B)Undiffused silicon wafers, forthemanufacture of
solar cellsorsolar cellmodules; (C)Solar cellsandmodules and
photo-voltaic systems, forthemanufacture ofphoto-voltaic applications.15-35
28,29,84,
85or90Thelaserandlaserbased
instrumentation industryThegoods specified inList16,forthemanufacture oflaserand
laserbased instrumentation.0
85or90 Handicapped persons Closed Circuit Television System usedasLowVision Aidfor
visually handicapped persons.15
85orany
other
chapterLicensed amateur radio
amateur radio operatorThewireless apparatus, accessories andpartes specified inList18,
imported byalicensed amateur radio amateur radio operator.25
85orany
other
chapterTheairport industry Parts, sub-assemblies, SKD kits,CKD kitsofApproach Surveillance
Radar (ASR) andMode-S Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar
(MSSR) andspares formaintenance ofsuchequipment, required for
themodernisation ofairport facilities.30
85orany
other
chapterIndustrial plant based on
membrane celltechnologyThefollowing goods, namely:
(1) Mono orBipolar Membrane Electrolysers andparts thereof
including secondary brine purification components, jumper
switches, filtering elements forhydrogen filters andanyother
machinery, required formodernisation ofanexisting caustic
sodaunitbased onmembrane celltechnology;30
(2 Membranes forreplacement ofworn outmembranes in
anindustrial plant based onmembrane celltechnology.
85.24 University Grants
CommissionRecorded magnetic tapes, Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
(CD-ROMS) andfloppy diskettes, imported bytheUniversity
Grants Commission foruseincomputers.0
85orany
other
chapterSpecified testcentres Goods imported forbeing tested inspecified testcentres. 0
87 Crippled anddisabled
personsTricycles designed forusebycrippled anddisabled persons. 15
Anychapter Thefireservices Thegoods specified inList19,imported bytheFireServices
administered bytheCentral Government ortheGovernment
ofanyState ortheadministration ofanyUnion territory ora
local body forfirefighting operations.0
Anychapter Theaircraft industry Rawmaterial andparts, required forthemanufacture of
aircrafts tobeusedfortraining purposes.30
Anychapter Asabove Rawmaterials formanufacture of(i)aircrafts falling under
heading No.88.02; (ii)parts ofaircrafts at(i)above8
Anychapter Theshipping industry Capital goods andspares thereof, rawmaterials, parts, material
handling equipments andconsumables, forrepairs ofocean-going
vessels byashiprepair unitregistered withtheDirector-General
ofShipping, Government ofIndia.0
Anychapter Asabove Rawmaterials andparts, foruseinthemanufacture ofgoods falling
under headings Nos. 89.01, 89.02, 89.04, 89.05 (except 8905.20)
or89.06, inaccordance withtheprovisions ofSection 65ofthe
Customs Act,1962 (52of1962).0
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 199
Chapter/
Heading/
Subheading
No.Specified useeligible for
concessionDescription ofitems eligible forconcessional entryConcessional
tariff rate(%)
28,29,32,
39,70or
90Thetelecommunications
industryThefollowing goods (A)Goods specified inList20(A), for
themanufacture oftelecommunication grade optical fibres or
optical fibrecables; (B)Fibre reinforced plastic rodsFRP,
forthemanufacture oftelecommunication grade optical fibres or
optical fibrecables; (C)Goods specified inList20(B), for
manufacture oftelecommunication grade FRP.10-25
84,85or
90Camera men/woman Thefollowing goods, imported byanaccredited press cameraman:
(i)Photographic cameras; (ii)cinematographic cameras; and
(iii)filters, flash lightapparatus exposure meters required foruse
withtheaforesaid cameras.0
90.01 Thetelecommunication
grade optical fibrecablesOptical fibre, forthemanufacture oftelecommunication grade
optical fibrecables.30
84,85or
90Journalists Thefollowing goods, imported byanaccredited journalist:
(i)computers including laptoppersonal; (ii)typewriters;
and(iii)faxmachines.0
90orany
other
chapterLive-stock breeding
programmesGoods specified inList21forlive-stock breeding programmes. 30
90 Firefighting service Compressed airbreathing apparatus, ifimported forfirefighting service. 0
90orany
other
chapterThehearing aidsindustry Parts (other thanprimary cellsandprimary batteries) forthemanufacture
ofhearing aidsincluding deafaids.15
Anychapter Hospitals Hospital Equipment (equipment, apparatus andappliances, including
spare parts andaccessories thereof, butexcluding consumable items)
foruseinspecified hospitals.0
90orany
other
chapterThemedical equipment
industryThefollowing goods: (A)Medical equipment (excluding Foley Balloon
Catheters) specified inList22;(B)Accessories ofthemedical equipment
at(A)above; (C)Parts required forthemanufacture ofthemedical at
(A)above andspare parts required forthemaintenance ofthemedical
equipment at(A)above.0
90orany
other
chapterAsabove Parts required forthemanufacture, andspare parts required forthe
maintenance, ofmedical equipment falling under heading No.90.18
to90.21 andsub-heading 9022.12, 9022.13, 9022.14 or9022.21.15
90orany
other
chapterAsabove Thefollowing goods:
(a) Medical equipment specified inList23;
(b) Parts required forthemanufacture ofmedical equipment at(a)
above andspare parts required forthemaintenance ofthe
medical equipment at(a)above.0
90orany
other
chapterHandicapped ordisabled Goods specified inList26imported byahandicapped ordisabled
person forhispersonal use.0
91 Thebraille watches
industryParts andcases, ofBraille watches, forthemanufacture of
braille watches.0
91orany
other
chapterTheelectronic module
industryParts forthemanufacture electronic modules (including
semi-knocked down packs andknocked down packs) ofanalogue,
digi-ana andcombination typeelectronic wrist watches (watches
which aredesigned primarily toshow thetimeofthedelay, with
orwithout additional features).30
98.01 Several industries Goods required for(i)fertiliser projects; (ii)coalmining projects;
(iii)captive power plants of5MWormore; (iv)power generation
projects including gasturbine power projects (excluding captive
power plants setupbyprojects engaged inactivities other than
inpower generation); (v)power transmission projects of66KV
andabove; (vi)other industrial plants orprojects.0-25
Anychapter Museums Archaeological specimens, photographs, plaster casts orantiquities,
intended forexhibition forpublic benefit inamuseum managed by
theArchaeological Survey inIndia orbyaState Government.0
Source: Academy ofBusiness Studies (1997), EasyReference Customs Tariff 1997/98, Schedule I(Government notification No.011
of01.03.97).WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 200
Table AIII.3
Imports licensed (restricted) inIndia, 1April 1997
Description ofitems Nature ofrestriction
A. CONSUMER GOODS
Allconsumer goods, howsoever described, ofindustrial,
agricultural, mineral oranimal origin whether insemi- or
completely-knocked-down condition orready toassemble sets
orinfinished form.Notpermitted tobeimported except against alicence orin
accordance withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
Fortheremoval ofdoubts, itishereby declared that
consumer goods shall alsoinclude thefollowing andshall
notbeimported except against alicence orinaccordance
withaPublic Notice:
(i) consumer electronic goods, equipments andsystems,
howsoever described;
(ii) consumer telecommunication equipments namely telephone
instruments andelectronic PABX;
(iii) watches insemi- orcompletely-knocked-down or
assembled condition; watch cases; watch dials;
(iv) cotton, woollen silk,man-made andblended fabrics
including cotton terry towel fabrics;
(v) concentrates ofalcoholic beverages;
(vi) wines (tonic ormedicated);
(vii) saffron.
B. PRECIOUS, SEMI-PRECIOUS AND OTHER STONES
Cubic Zirconia Import permitted forexport against alicence Public Notice issued
inthisbehalf.
Stones: (i)rough diamonds; (ii)synthetic stones finished or
unworked (other thansynthetic rubyunworked); (iii)emeral/
rubies andsapphires, semi-precious andprecious stones and
pearls (realorcultured)Asabove
Granite, porphyry, basalt, sandstone andother monumental
orbuilding stone, whether ornotroughly trimmed ormerely
cut,bysawing orotherwise, intoblocks orslabsAsabove
Marble, travertine, ecaussine andother calcaeous monumental
orbuilding stone ofanapparent specific gravity of2.5ormore,
whether ornotroughly trimmed ormerely cut,bysawing or
otherwise, intoblocks orslabsAsabove
Onyx Asabove
C. SAFETY, SECURITY AND RELATED ITEMS
Paper forsecurity printing, currency paper, stamp paper
andother special types ofpaperNotpermitted tobeimported except against alicence orin
accordance withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
Empty/discharged cartridges ofallbores/sizes Asabove.
Firearms Notpermitted tobeimported except alicence byrenowned
shooters/Rifle Clubs fortheirownuseontherecommendation
oftheDepart. ofYouth Affairs andSports, Government ofIndia.
Ammunition Import permitted against (i)renowned shooters/rifle clubs for
theirownuseintheDepartment ofYouth Affairs andSports,
Government ofIndia; and(ii)dealers forthespecified typeof
ammunition subject tosuchconditions asmaybespecified.
Explosives Government Departments andPublic Sector undertakings, on
therecommendation oftheController ofExplosives, Government
ofIndia, maybepermitted toimport without alicence. Other
categories ofimporter shallrequire alicence.
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 201
Description ofitems Nature ofrestriction
Chloro Fluoro Hydro Carbons Notpermitted tobeimported except against alicence orin
accordance withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
(i) CFCl3-(CFC-11) -Trichloro-fluoro-methane
(ii) CF2Cl2-(CFC-12) -Dichloro-difluoro-methane
(iii) C2F3Cl3-(CFC-113) -1,1,2 trichloro -1,2,2
(iv) C2F4Cl2-(CFC-114) -1,2Dichloro-tetrafluoro-ethane
(v) C2F5Cl-(CFC-115) -Chloro-pentafluoro-ethane
(vi) CF2BrCl -(halon-1211) -Bromo-chloro-difluoro-methane
(vii) CF3Br-(halon-1301) -Bromo-trifluoro-methane
(viii) C2F4Br2-(halon- 2402) -Dibromo-tetrafluoro-ethaneImport ispermitted byactual users against alicence from acountry
which isparty tothe"Montreal Protocol onSubstances that
Deplete Ozone Layer". Listofthecountries which areparties to
theMontreal Protocol willbenotified byDirector General of
Foreign Trade from timetotime. However, import from countries
which arenotparties totheMontreal Protocol isprohibited.
(i) CF3Cl(CFC-13) Chloro-trifluoro-methane
(ii) C2FCl5(CFC-111) Pentachloro-fluoro-ethane
(iii) C2F2Cl4(CFC-112) Tetrachloro-difluoro-ethane
(iv) C3FCl7(CFC-211) Heptachloro-difluoro-propane
(v) C3F2Cl6(CFC-212) Hexachloro-difluoro-propane
(vi) C3F3Cl5(CFC-213) Pentachloro-trifluoro-propane
(vii) C3F5Cl4(CFC-214) Tetrachloro-trifluoro-propane
(viii) C3F5Cl3(CFC-215) Trichloro-pentafluoro-propane
(ix) C3F6Cl2(CFC-216) Dichloro-hexafluoro-propane
(x) C3F7Cl(CFC-217) Chloro-heptafluoro-propane
(xi) CCl4Carbon-tetrachloride
(xii) CH3Cl31,1,1-trichloro-ethane (methyl chloroform)a
(i) Communication jamming equipment, static/mobile/
manportable
(ii) Electronic components for(i)above, including antennae,
RFpower amplifiers, noise generatorsTheDepartments ofCentral Government maybepermitted to
import against licence. However, import byanyother category
ofimporters isprohibited.
Acetic anhydride Notpermitted tobeimported except against alicence orin
accordance withPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
D. SEEDS, PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Animals, birds andreptiles (including theirparts andproducts) Import permitted against alicence tozoosandzoological parks,
recognized scientific/research institutions, circus companies, private
individuals, ontherecommendation oftheChief Wild LifeWarden
ofaState Government subject totheprovisions oftheConvention
onInternational Trade inEndangered Species ofWild Fauna and
Flora (CITES).
Stallions andbroodmares Import permitted against alicence ontherecommendation ofthe
Director, Animal Husbandry andVeterinary Services ofaState
Government orDepartment ofAnimal Husbandry andDairying,
Ministry ofAgriculture, Government ofIndia.
Livestock (excl. equine), pureline stocks, birds eggs, frozen
emen/embryo, rentstock (poultry) andcommercial chicksImport permitted against alicence ontherecommendation ofthe
Department ofAgriculture andCooperation, Gov. ofIndia.
Plants, fruitandseeds (i) Import ofseeds ofwheat, paddy, coarse cereals, pulses,
oilseeds andfodder forsowing ispermitted without alicence
subject tofulfilment oftheprovisions oftheNewPolicy on
Seed Development of1988 andinaccordance withapermit
forimport granted under thePlants, Fruits andSeeds
(Regulation ofImport intoIndia) Order of1989.
(ii) Import ofseeds ofvegetables, flowers, fruitandplants,
tubers andbulbs offlowers, cutting, sapling, budwood, etc.,
ofpermit forimport granted under thePlants Fruits and
Seeds (Regulation ofImport intoIndia) Order of1989.
However, import ofpoppy seeds, ifpermitted, shallbe
subject tothecondition thatimporter shallproduce a
certificate from thecompetent authority ofthecountry of
origin thatopium poppy hasbeengrown licitly/legally in
thatcountry asperrequirements oftheInternational
Narcotics Control Bureau
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 202
Description ofitems Nature ofrestriction
Plants, fruitandseeds (cont'd) (iii) Import ofseeds, fruitandplants forconsumption orother
purposes ispermitted against alicence orinaccordance
withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf orasperpolicy
indicated inITC(HS) classifications ofexports andimports
items. However, import ofpoppy seeds, ifpermitted, shall
besubject tothecondition thatimporter shallproduce a
certificate from thecompetent authority ofthecountry of
origin thatopium poppy hasbeengrown licitly/legally in
thatcountry asperrequirements oftheInternational
Narcotics Control Bureau.
(iv) Import ofplants, theirproducts andderivatives shallalsobe
subject totheprovisions oftheConventions onInternational
Trade inEndangered Species ofWild Fauna andFlora
(CITES).
E. INSECTICIDES AND PESTICIDES
Anypesticide, insecticide, weedicide, herbicide, rodenticide and
miticide which hasnotbeenregistered orwhich isprohibited
forimport under theInsecticides Actof1968 andformulations
thereof.Notpermitted tobeimported. However, anypesticide, insecticide,
herbicide, rodenticide andmiticide which hasbeenregistered and
notprohibited forimport under theInsecticides Actof1968 and
formulation thereof, shallbefreely importable without animport
licence.
DDT -Technical 75Wdp. Import permitted against alicence orinaccordance withaPublic
Notice issued inthisbehalf.
F. DRUGS &PHARMACEUTICALS
Alltypes ofpenicillin Import permitted against alicence orinaccordance withaPublic
Notice issued inthisbehalf.
6-APA Asabove
Tetracycline/oxytetracycline andtheirsalts Asabove
Streptomycin Asabove
Rifampicin Asabove
Intermediates ofrifampicin, namely:
(i) 3-formyl-rifa S.V;
(ii) rifas/rifa ssodium; and
(iii) 1-amino-4-methyl piperazineAsabove
Vitamin B1,vitamin B2andtheirsalts Asabove
Allyl isothiocyanate Asabove
Capacitor fluids -PCBtype Asabove
Polybrominated biphenyls Notpermitted tobeimported except against alicence onthe
recommendation oftheDep. ofChemicals &Petrochemicals.
Polychlorinated biphenyls Asabove
Polychlorinated terphenyls Asabove
Tris(2,3di-bromopropyl) phosphate Asabove
Crocidolite Asabove
Hazardous wastes Import permitted against alicence andonlyforthepurpose of
processing orreuse.
Hazardous chemicals Import permitted without alicence inaccordance withthe
provisions oftheManufacture, Storage andImport ofHazardous
Chemicals Rules of1986 (made under theEnvironment
(Protection) Actof1986). Besides other conditions mentioned in
theRules, theimporter shall, before 30daysbutnotlaterthanthe
dateofimport, furnish thedetails specified inRule18tothe
authority specified inSchedule 5ofthesaidrules.
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 203
Description ofitems Nature ofrestriction
H. ITEMS RELATING TOTHE SMALL SCALE SECTOR
Copper oxychloride Import permitted against alicence orinaccordance withaPublic
Notice issued inthebehalf.
Dimethyl sulphate Asabove
DNPT (Dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine) Asabove
Flavouring essences -alltypes (including those forliquors) Asabove
Niacin/nicotinic acid/niacinamide/nicotinamide/acidamide Asabove
Mixtures ofodoriferous substances/mixtures ofresinoids Asabove
Phthalate plasticisers Asabove
Perfumery compounds/synthetic essential oils Asabove
Lead andrulecutters Asabove
Paper cutting knives ofallsizes Asabove
Paper cutting machines, excluding machines withdevices such
asautomatic programme cutting orthree knifes trimmersAsabove
Domestic water meters Asabove
I. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
Aircraft andhelicopters Notpermitted tobeimported except against alicence orin
accordance withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
Ships, trawlers, boats andother water transport crafts Asabove
Commercial andpassenger automobile vehicles, including
twowheelers, three wheelers andpersonal typevehiclesAsabove
Coir(fibre/yarn/fabrics) Asabove
Rawsilk/silk cocoons Permitted tobeimported against alicence orinaccordance with
Public Notice issued inthisbehalf.
Natural rubber Asabove
Radio active material Permitted tobeimported without alicence ontherecommendation
ofDepartment ofAtomic Energy.
Rareearth oxides including rutile sand Asabove
Cinematograph feature films andvideo films Import willbepermitted by(i)National FilmArchives ofIndia,
FilmandTelevision Institute ofIndia, National Centre ofFilms for
Children andYoung People andSatyajit RayFilmandTelevision
Institute; (ii)byothers subject tosuchconditions asmaybe
specified inthisbehalf.
Crude palm stearin Permitted toimported against alicence orinaccordance with
Public Notice issued inthisbehalf.
Maize foruseforpoultry oranimal feed Import willbepermitted bythemanufacturers ofpoultry oranimal
feedwithout alicence subject toactual usercondition and
registration oftheimport contract/Letter ofCredit withNAFED
whoshallalsomonitor actual imports.
Naphtha Import permitted without alicence subject tothecondition thatthe
importer shallsellthereturn stream ofnaphtha tocrude oil
refineries only. Thesalewillbeoncommercial terms asmaybe
settled between theimporter andtherefinery. However, the
importer mayusethereturn stream asanindustrial feedstock for
hisowncaptive consumption, butthebalance left,ifany,shallbe
soldtocrude oilrefineries only.
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 204
Description ofitems Nature ofrestriction
Batteries andtyres ofpassenger automobile vehicles including
twowheelers, three wheelers andpersonal typevehiclesNotpermitted tobeimported against alicence orinaccordance
withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
Sodium metal Notpermitted tobeimported except against alicence orin
accordance withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
J. SPECIAL CATEGORIES
Restricted items required byhotels, restaurants, travel agents,
touroperators, tourist transport operators andother units for
tourists likeadventure/wild lifeandconvention unitsImport permitted against alicence ontherecommendation ofthe
Director General ofTourism, Government ofIndia orin
accordance withaPublic Notice issued inthisbehalf.
Restricted items required byrecreational bodies Import permitted against alicence formeeting essential import
requirements. Items qualifying forimport andconditions ofsuch
imports shallbeasspecified.
a Thisformula doesnotrefer to1,1,2-trichloro-ethane.
Source: Government ofIndia, (1997d), Export Import Policy 1997/98-2001/02, Negative ListofImports, PartII.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 205
Table AIII.4
Items subject toexport licensing inIndia, 1993 and1997
Items licensed asof1April 1997 Asof31March 1993
1. Beche-de-mer ofsizebelow 3inches Licensed
2. Cattle Licensed
3. Camel Licensed
4. (i)Chemical fertilizers, alltypes, including super-phosphate
(ii)Micronutrient fertilizers andmixtures thereof containing NPK, excluding
those specified inSchedule I,PartA1(f) ofFertilizers (Control) Order of1985Licensed
5. Dress materials/readymade garments fabrics/textile items withimprints ofexcerpts
orverses oftheHoly QuranLicensed
6. Deoiled groundnut cakes containing more than1%oilandgroundnut expeller cakes Licensed
7. Fresh andfrozen silver pomfrets ofweight lessthan300g Licensed
8. Furofdomestic animals, excluding lamb furskin Licensed
9. Fodder, including wheat andricestraw Licensed
10. Hides andskins, namely:
(i)cuttings andfleshing ofhides andskins usedasrawmaterials formanufacture
ofanimal gluegelatine;
(ii)rawhides andskins, alltypes excluding lamb furskin;
(iii)allcategories ofsemi-processed hides andskins including E.I.tanned and
wetbluehides andskins andcrust leather;
(iv)clothing leather fursuede/hair, hair-on suede/shearing suede leathers;
(v)furleathers;
(vi)industrial leathers, namely: (a)cycle saddle leathers,
(b)hydraulic/packing/belting/harness/washer/leathers, (c)pickling band
leathers, (d)strap/combing leathers
(vii)Lining leathers namely: (a)lining suede from cowandbuffalo hides and
calfskins, (b)lining suede from goat, kid,lamb andsheep skins;
(viii) luggage leathers -casehideorside/suit case/hand bag/
luggage/cash bagleather;
(ix)Miscellaneous leathers, namely: (a)book binding leathers, (b)skiver leathers,
(c)transistor case/camera caseleather;
(x)shoeupper leathers, namely: (a)bunwar leather, (b)kattai slipper/sandal leather;
(xi)soleleather chrome tanned soleleatherLicensed
11. Horses -Kathiawari, Marwari andManipuri breeds Licensed, including mules
Metals andtheircompounds
licenseda
12. Minerals, oresandconcentrates, namely:
(i)chrome ores, other than(a)beneficiated chrome orefines/concentrates
and(b)those mentioned inPartIII;
(ii)lumpy/blended manganese orewithmore than46%manganeseLicensed, including uranium
oresandconcentrates
13. Milk, baby milkandsterilized liquid milk Licensed
14. Pasewa andanylaccontaining living insects; Sticklac; Broodlac Licensed
15. Pulses, alltypes, inc.lentils, grams, beans andflour made therefrom Licensed
16. Processed pulses other thanthose made outofthepulses imported under
theDuty Exemption Scheme orbyanEOU intheEPZLicensed
17 Paddy (riceinhusk) Licensed
18. Ricebran, rawandboiled Licensed
Table AIII.4 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 206
Items licensed asof1April 1997 Asof31March 1993
19.Seeds andplanting materials namely: castor seeds; cotton seeds except suchcotton
seeds asareofvarieties/hybrids ofother countries grown under custom production;
cashew seeds andplants; Egyptian clover (Barseem) -Trifolium alaxtum seeds;
fodder cropseeds; green manure seeds other thanDhaincha; guarseeds (whole);
juteseeds; linseeds; lucerne (alfalfa) medicago sativa; mesta seeds; nuxvomica
seeds/bark/leaves/roots andpowder thereof; onion seeds; seeds ofornamental plants
(wild variety); paddy seeds (wild variety); pepper cuttings orrooted cuttings ofpepper;
Persian clover (snaftel trifolium -resupinatum) seeds; redsanders seeds (pterocarpus
santalinus); rubber seeds; russa grass seeds andtufts; seeds ofallforestry species;
seeds ofalloilseeds andpulses; soyabean seeds; sandalwood seeds (santalum album);
saffron seeds orcorms (planting material forsaffron); wheat seeds (wild variety)Licensed, including allcotton
seeds, lemongrass seed, rape
seeds, andsunflower seeds, but
excluding lucerne (alfalfa)
medicago sativa
20 Seashells, excl. polished seashells andhandicrafts made outofseashells, ofall
species, expect those oftheundermentioned species theexport ofwhich shallnot
beallowed inanyform: (i)trochus niloticos, (ii)turbo species, (iii)lambis species,
(iv)tridacna gigas, (v)xancus pyrusLicensed
21. Seaweeds ofalltypes, including G.edulis butexcluding brown seaweeds
andagarophytes ofTamil Nadu coast origin inprocessed formLicensed
22. Silkworms; silkworm seeds, andsilkworm cocoons Licensed
23. (i)vegetable oilsinconsumer packs above 5kgs., namely: coconut oil,
cotton seedoil,cornoil,kardi oil,linseed oil,mustard oil,niger seedoil,
palm oil,palm kernel oil,rapeseedoil,ricebranoil,salad oil,sunflower
oil,sesame seedoil,soyabean oil;
(ii)groundnut oilLicensed, butnotrestricted to
consumer packs above 5kgs
24. (i)vintage motor cars, parts andcomponents thereof manufactured prior to1/1/1950
(ii)vintage motorcycles, parts andcomponents thereof manufactured prior to1/1/1940Licensed
25. Viscose staple fibre(regular), excl. Polynosic Rayons Viscose staple fibre(regular),
excl. highperformance viscose
staple fibrelicensed
26 Whole human blood plasma andallproducts derived from human blood except
gamma globulin andhuman serum albumin manufactured from human placenta
andhuman placental blood; rawplacenta; placental blood plasmaLicensed
27. Waste paper Licensed
28. Chemicals included inSchedules 2&3totheChemical Weapons convention ofthe
United Nations signed inParis on13-15 January 1993, asspecified inSchedule 2
Appendix 5ofthebook titled "ITC (HS) Classifications ofExport andImport Items"Licensed
29. Imported sugar including sugar which hasalready landed andispending clearance
attheCustomsNotlicensed
30. Special Materials, Equipments andTechnologies asspecified inSchedule 2Appendix 6
ofthebook titled ITC(HS) Classifications ofExport andImport Items"Notlicensed
31. Chemicals included inAnnexures AandBtotheMontreal Protocol onsubstances
thatdeplete theozone layer asspecified inSchedule 2Appendix 7ofthebook titled
"ITC (HS) Classifications ofExport andImport Items"Notlicensed
32. Anyother itemwhose exports areregulated byaPublic Notice issued bythe
Director General ofForeign Trade inthisbehalfLicensed
a Including beryllium anditscompounds; lithium anditscompounds; neptunium anditscompounds; plutonium anditscompounds;
thorium anditscompounds; uranium anditscompounds; zirconimum anditscompounds; deuterium compounds; hafnium; niobium;
articles made ofmetals, including waste andscrap ofhafnium andniobium; reaction initiators, reaction accelerators andcatalytic
preparations withnickel ornickel compounds asactive substance; andreaction initiators, reaction accelerators andcatalytic
preparations, notelsewhere specified orincluded, withprecious metal compounds asactive substance.
Source: GATT (1993), Trade Policy Review -India; andGovernment ofIndia (1997d), Export andImport Policy 1997/98-2001/02,
Negative ListofExports, PartII.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 207
Table AIII.5
Canalized exports andagencies, 1993 and1997
Canalized exports asof1April 1997 Asof31March 1993 Canalizing agency 1April 1997
(1)Petroleum products, namely:
(a)Aviation turbine fuel
(b)Bitumen (asphalt)
(c)Crude oil
(d)Furnace oil
(e)High speed diesel
(f)Kerosene
(g)Liquified petroleum gas(LPG)
(h)Motor spirit
(i)Naphtha
(j)Rawpetroleum cokeSame asin1997 Indian OilCorporation Limited
(2)Gum karaya Same asin1997 Tribal Cooperative Marketing
Federation ofIndia Limited (TRIFED),
NewDelhi
(3)Mica waste (including factory cuttings)
and scrap which isobtained by
processing mica andwhich because of
sizeandcolour isconsidered below the
specification ofprocessed micaSame asin1997 MineralsandMetalsTrading
Corporation ofIndia Limited (MMTC),
NewDelhi
(4)Mineral oresandconcentrates, namely:
(a)Rare earths (including yttrium) ores,
concentrates andcompounds thereof
(b)Other minerals containing samerskite;
urraniferrous allanite; andradium ores
andconcentrates
(c)Granular sillimanite produced byIndian
Rare Earths Limited and Kerala
Minerals andMetals Limited
(d)Ironore,except ofGoaorigin when
exported toChina, Europe, Japan, South
Korea andTaiwan, irrespective ofthe
Fecontent; iron ofredi origin
irrespective oftheFecontent; andall
ironoreofFecontent upto64%
(e)-Chrome orelumps withCr2O3not
exceeding 38%
-Low silica friable/fine orewith
Cr2O3notexceeding 52%andsilica
exceeding 4%
(f)Allgrades ofbauxite, except calcined
bauxite andlowgrade bauxite with
alumina content Al2O3lessthan54%of
westcoast origin
(g)Manganese oresexcluding thefollowing:
lumpy blended manganese orewithore
more than46%manganese(4)Mineral ores and concentrates,
namely:
(a)Thorium ores, concentrates and
compounds thereof
(b)Rare earths (including yttrium) ores,
concentrates andcompounds thereof
(c)Other minerals containing the
following substances asaccessory
ingredients including:
(i) Columbite
(ii) Monazite
(iii) Samerskite
(iv) Uraniferrous allanite:
- Radium oresandconcentrates;
- Thorium oresandconcentrates;
- Uranium oresandconcentrates;
- Uranium bearing tailings left
overfrom oresafterextraction
ofcopper orgold;
(d)Granular sillimanite produced by
Indian Rare Earths Ltd.andKerala
Minerals andMetals Ltd.
(e)Ironore,except ofGoaorigin when
MMTC exported toChina, Europe,
Japan, South Korea andTaiwan, and
ironoreofRediorigin toallmarkets
(f)- Chrome orelumps withCr2O3
notexceeding 38%
- Lowsilica friable/fine orewith
Cr2O3notexceeding 52% and
silica exceeding 4%Indian RareEarths Limited, Bombay
Asabove
Asabove
Asabove
MMTL
Asabove
Asabove
Table AIII.5 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 208
Canalized exports asof1April 1997 Asof31March 1993 Canalizing agency 1April 1997
(g)Allgrades ofbauxite, except
calcined bauxite andlowgrade
bauxite withalumina content Al2O3
lessthan54%ofwestcoast origin
(h)Manganese ores excluding the
MMTC, Manganese OreIndia, for
manganese oreproduced inMOIL
mines following: lumpy blended
manganese orewith oremore than
46%manganeseAsabove
MMTC, Manganese OreIndia for
manganese oreproduced inMOIL
mines
(5)Niger seeds Same asin1997 National Agricultural Cooperative
Marketing Federation ofIndia Limited
(NAFED),NewDehli,Tribal
Cooperation Federation ofIndiaLimited,
National Dairy Development Board,
Madhya Pradesh Satte Cooperative
Oilseed Grower 'sFederation Limited
(6)Onions Same asin1997 NAFED
Notcanalized (7)Powder milk(skimmed orfull
cream)/whole orinfant mildfood,
puremilkgheeandbutter
Source: GATT (1993), Trade Policy Review -IndiaandGovernment ofIndia(1997d), Export andImport Policy 1997/98-2001/02, Negative
ListofExports, PartIII.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 209
Table AIII.6
Volume ofcanalized exports from India, 1988-97
(Rupees million)
Product 1988/89 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97
Naphta 4,409 6,219 6,443 3 0 0 0 0
HSD/LDO, fueloil/heavy
stock, other light/middle
andheavy distillates524 3,826 4,703 13,793 12,478 13,090 1,578 17,104
Thorium products 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Monazite 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Zircon 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 1
Granullar sillimanite 2 5 0 1 2 5 7 5
Ironore 3,813 5,253 7,095 8,389 10,738 10,296 12,970 13,378
Chrome ore 656 430 690 789 735 1,027 1,608 2,254
Manganese ore 135 415 400 308 380 346 297 481
Bauxite 38 89 0 74 82 30 46 50
Ironoreconcentrates 52 77 1,888 1,675 2,027 1,612 2,007 1,830
Ironorepellets 630 1,164 2,040 977 972 1,068 1,875 1,534
Mica waste andscrap 80 0 0 55 68 38 69 47
Onions 688 1,159 33 1,322 1,945 2,202 2,914 3,022
Nigerseeds 37 49 0 286 187 127 214 293
Gum karaya 12 39 0 72 111 107 116 89
TOTAL canalizeda11,075 18,795 23,355 27,742 29,724 29,977 37,361 40,088
Memo:
Canalized/total exp.(%)ab5.5 5.9 5.3 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.9
... Notavailable.
a Exports ofbutter, powder milkandpuremilk, gheeandgumresin, which were canalized asofApril 1992 through theNational
Dairy Development Board andtheNational Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation ofIndia, arenotincluded.
b Asashare oftotalmerchandise exports, percent.
Note: Year beginning 1April.
Source: GATT (1993), Trade Policy Review -India andWTO document G/STR/N1/IND, 31January 1996.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 210
Table AIII.7
Non-tariff barriers byIndia'smajor trading partners, asofJanuary 1998
NTB Markets Remarks
1. MFA-textiles EU,United States, Norway andCanada Quotas onexports oftextiles andclothing.
2. ADandCVD action Canada, EU,United States Mainly intheareas ofsteel(Canada and
United States), andtextiles andclothing (EU).
3. NTBs onagricultural products Australia, EU,Japan, Malaysia,
Saudi Arabia, United StatesExamples include regulations related to:
import ofshrimps intoUSA which havebeen
harvested withtechnology thatadversely affect
theseaturtles (United States); laying ofhigh
standards forpesticide residues inmangoes,
bananas, grapes, andpotatoes (EU, Japan, and
United States), andsesame andtobacco
(Japan), hormones inlivestock production
(EU); andtariff ratequotas onmushrooms
(EU).
4. Drugs andpharmaceuticals United States India isonthe"Priority Watch List" under
Section 301oftheUnited States Trade Act
concerning Indian IPR.
GCC countries Related toregistration procedures.
5. Standards Canada, China, EU,Japan, Malaysia,
Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United StatesDiverse standards onimport inspection, food
anddrugs, clothing andother consumables.
6. Textiles EU,United States Environmental aspects ofIndian production of
textiles.
7. Export subsidies Australia, Canada, China, EU,Russia,
Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United States
8. Packaging laws EU
9. Human rights issues Canada, EU,United States, Mainly related tochild labour.
10. Jewellery anddiamond Japan Prohibitive import charges forjewellery,
delays inrefunds, anddifficulties inIndians
going toJapan fordiamond exports.
11. Movement ofpersonnel EU,Saudi Arabia, United States Related toU.S. visapolicy onIndia'sexports
ofprofessional services. Saudi Arabia require
local sponsorship forallvisas, including
business visa.
12. Carpets United States Prohibit imports ofcarpets made withtheuse
ofindentured orforced child labour.
13. Technical barriers South Korea Related tostandards, andtechnical regulations
onlabelling, origin andautomotive
requirements.
Note: MFA =Multifibre Arrangement; NTB =Non-tariff barrier; CVD =Countervailing duty; AD=Anti-dumping duty;
IPR=Intellectual Property Right; andGCC =GulfCooperation Council.
Source: Government ofIndia.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 211
Table AIII.8
Anti-dumping actions against Indian exports asofJanuary 1998
SI.No. Product concerned Investigating countryDate of
iniciation Present status
1. Stainless steelbright bars EU 30.8.97 Questionnaire senttomanufactures/exporters by
European Commission.
2. Amoxycilin &Ampicilin South Africa 4.10.96 Anti-dumping dutyranging from 8.3percentto
12.5percent. w.e.f. 11.4.97
3. Potassium permangnate EU 26.4.97 Provisional measures interms ofminimum price
undertaking byIndian producers ofECU
1,475/-per tonne being considered.
4. Polyolefin sacks &bags EU April 95 Definitive dutyranging from zeroto
3.6percentimposed onIndian exporters w.e.f.
10.10.97.
5. Stainless steelfastners EU 3.12.96 Definitive duties ranging from 47.9percentto
133.5 percentimposed onIndian exporters
w.e.f. 4.9.97.
6. Cotton typebedlinen EU 13.9.96 After terminating theearlier caseon9.7.96
fresh caseinitiated. Definitive anti-dumping
dutyranging from 2.6percentto24.7percent
imposed onIndian exporters w.e.f. 5.12.97.
7. Unbleached cotton fabrics EU 11.7.97 After terminating investigation twice earlier,
fresh caseinitiated.
8. Synthetic Fibre Ropes EU 1.07.97 After terminating theearlier caseon25.6.97 for
lackofinjury casereinitiated suo-moto byEU
without anycomplaint.
9. Hotrolled coil&plate Indonesia 19.12.96 Provisional dutyranging from 26percentto
38percentimposed onIndian exporters w.e.f.
22.4.97. These duties were confirmed on
22.10.97.
10. Wire road Indonesia 24.3.97 Provisional anti-dumping dutyof30.9percent
being imposed onexports from India.
11. Cycle tyres Brazil April 1996 Final dutyranging from 38.6percentto
145.56 percentimposed onIndian exporters
w.e.f. 29.9.97.
12. Single speed freewheel Brazil 17.1.94 Final dutyvarying from 7percentto
93percentimposed w.e.f. 1.1.95. Asdomestic
production ofthisiteminBrazil hasdropped
considerably, onrequest from CGI, India,
Government ofBrazil haswaived anti-dumping
dutyonIndian exports buthasannounced
minimum price foreachsupplies separately
from India.
13. Stainless steelbars USA 30.12.93 Final dutyranging from 3.87percentto
21.02 percentlevied onIndian exporters on
30.12.94. Thecaseisunder Administrative
Review ofDeparment ofCommerce, USA.
14. Stainless steelflangers USA 31.12.92 Final dutyranging from 18.56 percentto
210percentwasimposed on28.12.93.
However, subsequently during review in1996,
dutyonM/s. Akai Impex, India wasreduced to
2.56percent.
15. Synthetic fibres ofpolyester EU November
1990Anti-dumping of7.2percentimposed in
January, 1993. Duty isduetoexpire in
January 1998 unless itisreviewed before that.
Source: Government ofIndia.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 212
Table AIII.9
Countervailing actions against Indian exports asofJanuary 1998
Product Investigating
countryDate ofinitiation Present status
1.Stainless steelbright bars EU October 1997 Questionnaire sentbyEUtobereplied by5.1.1998
2.Large spectrum antibiotics EU September 1997 EUinvestigation team visited India inDecember 1997
3.Black granite memorials
&slabsCanada August 1992
(Revised Case)Final duty imposed in1994 which wasreviewed
in1996 &duty revised 0.58 Canadian cents to
29.6cents perpound. Being reviewed again by
Canadian Authorities &investigation team visited
India inNovember-December 1997.
4.Ironmetal castings United States Review Case Case being reviewed byUSAuthorities. Reply tobe
senttoReview Questionnaire by23.12.97.
Source: Government ofIndia.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 213
Table AIII.10
Export promotion andmarketing assistance bytheGovernment
Scheme Activity
1. Export Promotion Industrial
Parks (EPIP) SchemeProviding financial assistance toState Governments forfinancing infrastructure.
Parks areowned, managed andmaintained byState Governments with75percentof
capital expenditure provided byCentre asagrant. Budget support 1997/98:
Rs200million.
2. Indian Brand Equity Fund Promoting theimage andmarketing ofgeneric Indian exports. Budget support
1997/98: Rs0million.
3. "Extreme focus products" Promoting commodities withhighexport growth potential. Budget support 1997/98:
Rs0million
4. Indian Trade Promotion
Organization (ITPO)Themain government organization inthisarea. Promoting exports andimports and
upgrading technology; undertaking publicity; assisting companies inproduct
development; organizing export development programmes, buyer-seller meets,
contact promotion programmes andintegrated marketing programmes forspecific
products inspecific markets. Budget support 1997/98: Rs0million.
5. Indian Institute ofPackaging Improving thestandard ofpackaging tomeet domestic needs andexports, undertaking
research intorawmaterials forthepackaging industry, etc. Budget support 1997/98
included inMDA.
6. Indian Institute ofForeign Trade
(IIFT)Developing human resources forthepurpose ofinternational commerce; and
organising seminars onissues relating totrade. Budget support 1997/98: included in
MDA.
7. SixStatutory Commodity Boards Producing, developing andexporting coir,tea,coffee, rubber, spices andtobacco.
Budget support 1997/98: Rs1,097 million.
8. Twenty Export Promotion
CouncilsPerforming export promotion anddevelopment ofparticular product andservice
groups. Budget support 1997/98: notavailable.
9. Federation ofIndian Export
OrganizationsProviding integrated assistance togovernment-recognized Export Houses/Trading
Houses andcarrying outexport promotional efforts inthefieldofconsultancy
services. Budget support 1997/98: included inMDA.
10. Indian Council ofArbitration,
NewDelhiPromoting knowledge anduseofarbitration andproviding arbitration facilities for
amicable andquick settlement ofcommercial disputes withaview tomaintaining the
smooth flowoftrade. Budget support 1997/98: included inMDA
11. Marine Products Export
Development AuthorityDeveloping themarine products industry withspecial reference toexports. Budget
support 1997/98: Rs150million.
12. Agricultural andProcessed Food
Products Export Development
Authority, NewDelhiFocusing onagricultural andhorticultural exports, including themarketing of
processed foods invalue added form. Budget support 1997/98: Rs350million.
13. Market Development Assistance
(MDA)Thefunds provided under theMDA (earlier called theMarket Development Fund) are
usedfor,interalia,market research, product promotion, andparticipation intrade
fairs. Budget support 1997/98: Rs200million.
14. Industrial Credit andInvestment
Corporation ofIndia (ICICI)TheICIC funds several schemes toaidexporters. Budget support 1997/98:
Rs1,045 million.
15. EXIM Bank TheEXIM Bank runsnumerous export promotion schemes (such asmarketing
assistance tosmall andmedium exporters). Budget support 1997/98: Rs0million.
Source: Government ofIndia(1996o), Ministry ofCommerce Annual Report 1995/96; andGovernment ofIndia(1997d), Export andImport
Policy 1997/98-2001/02, Handbook ofProcedures, Vol.1.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 214
Table AIII.11
Sectoral composition ofbank credit bymajor sectors, 1994-97
(Rsbillion)
Outstanding ason
Sectorsa
18March
199431March
199529March
199628March
1997
Gross bank creditb1,568.6 1,969.9 2,317.0 2,494.1
-public foodprocurement credit 109.1 122.8 97.9 75.9
-non-food gross bank credit 1,459.5 1,847.1 2,220.6 2,418.1
(A) Priority sectorsc538.8 641.6 733.3 819.9
-Agriculture 212.1 239.8 270.4 308.7
-Small scale industries 226.2 276.4 318.8 341.1
-Other priority sectors 100.6 125.4 144.0 170.0
(B) Industry (medium andlarge) 578.7 746.7 930.5 1,000.3
(C) Wholesale trade (other thanfoodprocurement) 73.3 97.5 119.8 119.3
(i)Cotton corporation ofIndia 0.5 3.5 3.8 2.9
(ii)Food Corporation ofIndia (forfertilizer
distribution)0.0 0.0 0.0 0
(iii)JuteCorporation ofIndia 0.1 0.0 0.0 0
(iv)Other trade 72.7 94.0 116.1 116.4
(D) Other sectors 268.8 361.3 437.0 478.7
Export credit (including under gross bank credit) 170.9 250.5 296.0 285.9
Netbank creditd(including inter-bank participations) 1,525.0 1,924.2 2,282.0 2,462.3
a Dataareprovisional andrelate to47scheduled commercial banks, which account forabout 90-95 percentofbankcredit ofall
scheduled commercial banks.
b Gross bank credit datainclude billsrediscounted withtheRBI,theIndustrial Development Bank ofIndia, ,EXIM Bank, other
approved financial institutions andinter-bank participants.
c Tentative andhavetoberefined toenable acomparison withthetargets.
d Netbank credit dataareexclusive ofbillsrediscounted withRBI, IDBI, EXIM Bank andother approved financial institutions.
Source: Reserve Bank ofIndia (1996), Annual Report, 1996/97, Mumbai.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 215
Table AIII.12
Interest ratesubsidies, 1995-98
(Rsmillion)
1995/96 1996/97 1997/98a
Goan Banks 1.1 1.1 1.1
Bharat Yatra Nigam Ltd. 0.0 1,511.3 0.0
Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam Ltd. 0.0 1,011.4 0.0
Hindustan Paper Corporation Ltd. 0.0 1,475.2 0.0
Heavy Engineering Corporation 0.0 2,720.0 0.0
Scooter India Ltd. 0.0 4,540.9 0.0
Khadi andVillage Industries Commission
(a)Forkhadi industries
(b)Forother village industries340.0
230.0
110.0340.0
230.0
110.0340.0
230.0
110.0
Interest subsidy toPTI 0.1 1.3 1.2
Binny andCo. 0.0 0.0 0.0
Subsidy forpayment ofinterest byNEEPCO 0.0 354.6 0.0
Bharat Refractories Ltd. 0.0 616.4 0.0
TOTAL 341.2 12,572.2 342.3
a Budgeted.
Source: Government ofIndia(1996c), Budget 1996/97, Expenditure Budget; andGovernment ofIndia(1997b), Budget 1997/98, Expenditure
Budget.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 216
Table AIV.1
India'sm.f.n. tariff byISIC category, 1993 and1997
ISIC
Code DescriptionNo.ofTariff
lines1993 1997
Simple
average RangeSimple
average Range
Total 5,106 ... ... 34.9 0-260
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry &fishing 289 ... ... 25.8 0-45
111 Agricultural andlivestock production 213 52 0-85 29.0 0-45
12 Forestry andlogging 27 ... ... 19.3 0-45
121 Forestry 19 44 10-85 27.4 0-45
122 Logging 8 21 15-85 0.0 0-0
13 Fishing 49 8 0-85 15.2 0-45
1301 Ocean andcoastal fishing 39 9 0-85 14.9 10-15
1302 Fishing notelsewhere classified 10 4 0-40 16.5 0-45
2 Mining &quarrying 104 ... ... 24.8 0-45
21 Coalmining 4 65 5-85 13.3 8-15
22 Minerals, fueloilsandproducts oftheir
distillation, etc.3 36 36-36 16.3 10-27
23 Metal oremining 22 44 20-80 10.0 10-10
2301 Ironoremining 2 20 20-20 10.0 10-10
2302 Non- ferrous oremining 20 46 25-85 10.0 10-10
29 Other mining 75 78 0-85 30.1 0-45
2901 Stone quarrying, clayandsandpits 35 84 50-85 34.3 30-45
2902 Chemical andfertilizer mineral mining 12 72 0-85 22.5 0-30
2903 Saltmining 1 85 85-85 30.0 30-30
2909 Mining andquarrying notelsewhere classified 27 72 0-85 28.1 0-45
3 Manufacturing 4,454 ... ... 35.6 0-260
31 Manufacture offood, beverages andtobacco 449 ... ... 36.4 0-260
311 Food products 363 49 0-85 29.4 0-127
3111 Slaughtering, preparing, preserving meat 79 23 0-85 18.3 0-45
3112 Manufacture ofdairy products 21 80 0-85 31.2 0-45
3113 Canning, preserving fruitandvegetables 83 59 10-85 34.7 5-127
3114 Canning, preserving fish,crustacea etc. 59 23 0-85 22.1 15-45
3115 Manufacture ofvegetable andanimal oilsand
fats54 77 0-85 37.5 0-45
3116 Grain millproducts 38 41 0-85 34.3 0-45
3117 Manufacture ofbakery products 9 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
3118 Sugar factories andrefineries 7 85 85-85 23.6 0-45
3119 Manufacture ofcocoa, chocolate, sugar
confectionery13 85 85-85 38.8 35-45
312 Other foodproducts andanimal feeds 56 68 10-85 38.8 0-192
3121 Food products, n.e.s. 49 ... ... 39.4 15-192
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 217
ISIC
Code DescriptionNo.ofTariff
lines1993 1997
Simple
average RangeSimple
average Range
3122 Manufacture ofprepared animal feeds 7 85 85-85 34.3 0-45
313 Beverages 24 235 30-400 134.4 15-260
3131 Distilling, rectifying, blending spirits 9 363 105-400 232.8 15-260
3132 Wine industries 8 244 85-315 97.5 45-105
3133 Maltliquors andmalt 3 68 30-145 56.7 35-100
3134 Softdrinks, carbonated waters industries 4 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
314 Tobacco manufacturing 6 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
32 Textile, wearing apparel &leather industry 880 ... ... 42.3 0-55
321 Textiles 681 77 10-85 43.1 0-55
3211 Spinning, weaving, finalizing textiles 407 72 10-85 41.9 0-55
3212 Manufacture oftextile goods excl. weaving
apparel63 84 25-85 44.4 30-55
3213 Knitting mills 132 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
3214 Manufacture ofcarpets andrugs 23 85 85-85 45.9 45-55
3215 Cordage, ropeandtwine industries 12 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
3219 Manufacture oftextiles n.e.s. 44 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
322 Manufacture ofwearing apparel 134 85 85-85 44.9 35-45
323 Leather products 48 42 0-85 22.4 0-45
3231 Tanneries andleather finishing 22 12 0-85 4.5 0-25
3232 Furdressing anddyeing industries 9 35 10-85 23.3 0-45
3233 Manufacture ofleather excl.
footwear17 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
324 Manufacture offootwear 17 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
33 Wood andwood products, including furniture 65 ... ... 34.5 0-45
331 Wood andwood products, except furniture 64 80 0-85 34.3 0-45
3311 Sawmills andwoodmills 41 76 0-85 32.4 0-35
3312 Wooden andcanecontainers, etc. 8 85 85-85 42.5 35-45
3319 Wood andcorkproducts 15 85 85-85 35.0 35-35
332 Manuf. offurniture &fixtures except ofmetal 1 83 35-85 45.0 45-45
34 Paper, paper products,printing andpublishing 147 ... ... 27.4 0-45
341 Paper products 118 73 0-85 27.8 0-45
3411 Manufacture ofpulp, paper, paperboard 76 67 0-85 22.2 0-45
3412 Manuf. ofcontainers &boxes ofpaper &board 34 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
3419 Manufacture ofpulp, paper, paperboard n.e.s. 29 85 85-85 36.2 25-45
342 Printing, publishing &allied industries 29 69 45-85 25.9 0-45
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber, plastics 1,034 ... ... 34.8 0-52
351 Industrial chemicals 680 80 0-85 33.8 0-52
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 218
ISIC
Code DescriptionNo.ofTariff
lines1993 1997
Simple
average RangeSimple
average Range
3511 Manuf. ofbasic indus. chemicals excl. fertilizer 514 82 15-85 33.9 0-52
3512 Manufacture offertilizer &pesticides 31 55 0-85 22.9 0-35
3513 Manuf. ofresins, plastics &man-made fibres 135 81 40-85 36.0 30-45
352 Other chemicals, incl.pharm. 245 81 15-85 36.3 0-45
3521 Manufacture ofpaints, varnishes, lacquers 16 85 85-85 35.0 35-35
3522 Manufacture ofdrugs andmedicines 87 84 15-85 34.4 0-45
3523 Manuf. ofsoap, cleaning agents, perfumes etc. 30 84 60-85 44.7 35-45
3529 Manufacture ofchemical products n.e.s. 112 78 40-85 35.6 15-45
353 Petroleum refineries 14 68 0-85 22.4 0-35
354 Manuf. ofmiscell. petroleum &coalproducts 13 80 25-85 27.4 12-45
355 Rubber products 62 84 70-85 44.3 3-45
3551 Tyre andtubeindustries 14 85 85-85 42.0 3-45
3559 Manufacture ofrubber products n.e.s. 48 84 70-85 45.0 45-45
356 Manufacture ofplastic products n.e.s. 20 85 85-85 35.0 35-35
36 Non-metallic mineral products except ofpetrol
andcoal161 ... ... 43.5 25-45
361 Pottery andchina 15 85 85-85 42.3 25-45
362 Manufacture ofglass andglass products 64 85 65-85 44.7 25-45
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 82 85 40-85 42.9 30-45
3691 Manufacture ofstructural clayproducts 17 85 85-85 42.1 32-45
3692 Manufacture ofcement, lime&plaster 8 85 85-85 39.4 30-45
3699 Manufacture ofnon-metallic mineral products
n.e.s.57 84 40-85 43.6 35-45
37 Basic metal industries 369 ... ... 33.0 10-45
371 Ironandsteelbasic industries 205 80 20-85 33.5 10-35
372 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 164 67 25-85 32.3 10-45
38 Fabricated metal products, mach. &equipment 1,263 ... ... 31.9 0-55
381 Fabricated metal products 210 71 35-85 34.0 15-45
3811 Manuf. ofcutlery, hand tools, general hardware 70 57 40-85 35.4 30-45
3812 Manufacture ofmetal furniture andfixture 4 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
3813 Manufacture ofstructural metal products 21 58 35-85 28.8 25-35
3819 Manufacture offabricated metal products n.e.s 115 81 35-85 33.6 15-45
382 Non-electrical machinery incl.computers 485 50 0-85 27.3 0-45
3821 Manufacture ofengines andturbines 12 40 35-85 25.0 25-25
3822 Manufacture ofagricultural machinery and
equipment14 45 35-85 29.3 25-45
3823 Manuf. ofmetal &wood working machinery 110 50 35-85 25.9 25-35
3824 Manuf. ofspecial industrial mach. &equipment 144 37 0-85 25.3 0-45
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 219
ISIC
Code DescriptionNo.ofTariff
lines1993 1997
Simple
average RangeSimple
average Range
3825 Manuf. office, computing, accounting machinery 37 80 35-85 35.7 22-45
3829 Machinery &equipment excl. electrical n.e.s. 168 56 35-85 28.2 25-45
383 Electrical machinery 282 ... ... 36.2 15-45
3831 Manuf. ofelectrical indus. machi. &apparatus 64 57 35-85 29.2 25-45
3832 Manuf. ofradio, T.V. &communications equip. 136 83 35-85 35.9 15-45
3833 Manuf. ofelectrical appliances &housewares 25 82 35-85 45.0 45-45
3839 Manuf. ofelectrical apparatus &supplies n.e.s. 57 78 35-85 40.7 25-45
384 Transport equipment 146 67 0-85 34.8 0-45
3841 Shipbuilding &repairing 19 37 0-85 19.2 0-45
3842 Manufacture ofrailroad equipment 24 81 60-85 39.4 30-45
3843 Manufacture ofmotor vehicles 61 77 3-85 40.4 25-45
3844 Manufacture ofmotorcycles andbicycles 17 85 85-85 45.0 45-45
3845 Manufacture ofaircraft 20 32 0-85 18.2 0-45
3849 Manufacture oftransport equipment n.e.s. 5 68 0-85 36.0 0-45
385 Professional andscientific equipment 140 73 35-85 32.9 15-55
3851 Professional scientific &measuring equip. n.e.s. 76 67 35-85 26.1 15-45
3852 Manufacture ofphotographic &optical goods 64 72 40-85 40.9 25-55
3853 Manufacture ofwatches andclocks ... 85 85-85 ... ...
39 Other manufacturing industries 86 80 0-85 37.3 15-45
3901 Manufacture ofjewellery andrelated articles 17 75 0-85 45.0 45-45
3902 Manufacture ofmusical instruments ... 75 75-75 ... ...
3903 Manufacture ofsporting andathletic goods 4 78 30-85 45.0 45-45
3909 Manufacturing industries n.e.s. 65 82 0-85 34.8 15-45
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations, based ondataprovided bytheIndian authorities.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 220
Table AIV.2
Effective rates ofprotection inselected sectorsa
Category Goldar andSaleembSharma andMehtac
1980/81 1983/84 1989/90 1989/90 1993/94
Fishing ... ... ... 100.94 13.43
Coalandlignite ... ... ... 13.73 15.40
Crude petroleum andnatural gas ... ... ... 25.72 26.34
Ironore ... ... ... 43.17 32.46
Cotton textiles 147.94 166.10 149.91 137.54 64.23
Juteandmesta textiles 159.35 177.63 145.95 153.24 89.47
Fertilizers 21.85 24.63 -9.67 96.66 97.17
Drugs andmedicines 70.81 87.87 99.23 ... ...
Cement 37.45 68.37 140.28 151.08 101.41
Ironandsteel 80.12 106.15 120.73 73.02 42.38
Motor vehicles 107.61 112.31 88.61 84.87 70.84
Simple average 93.73 118.77 126.52 77.63 54.47
Value added weighted averaged99.45 121.80 128.03 70.25 47.15
... Notavailable.
a ERPs arecalculated using theCorden methodology.
b Nominal tariff rates.
c Collection rates.
d Value-added weights havebeenusedfor1983/84 inGoldar andSaleem.
Source: Goldar andSaleem (1992), India'sTariff Structures: Effective Rates ofProtection ofIndian Industries, New Delhi, and
Sharma andMehta (1996) Trade Reforms andChanges inEffective Protection ofIndian Industries, NewDelhi.India WT/TPR/S/33
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Table AIV.3
Summary ofIndia'sspecific commitments inservices
Thistable summarizes India'sspecific commitments intheGATS Schedule. Itdoesnotcontain thesame levelofdetail asthe
Schedule andisnotasubstitute forit.Thecommitments listed below relate tomarket access, unless otherwise indicated.
TheWTO Secretariat hasdivided services activities into12sectors. India hasnotmade anycommitments inthefollowing six
sectors: distribution; education; environment; recreational, cultural andsporting; transport; andother services notincluded
elsewhere.
Services sector Commitments
I.Allsectors Onnational treatment, incaseofcollaboration withpublic sector
enterprises orgovernment undertakings asjointventure partners,
preference inaccess will begiven toforeign service
suppliers/entities which offer thebest terms fortransfer of
technology.
II.Sector-specific commitments (bymajor service areas)a
1.Business services
A.Professional services
(e)Engineering services Foreign commercial presence isallowed only through
incorporation, withaforeign equity ceiling of51percent.
B.Computer andrelated services Asabove.
C.Research anddevelopment services
(a)Sub-categories inthearea ofR&D services on
natural sciences (CPC85101 andCPC85103)Asabove.
F.Other business services
(e)Technical testing andanalysis services Asabove.
2.Communication services
C.Telecommunications services
-Dataandmessage transmission services inthefollowing
areas: (h)electronic mail; (i)voice mail; (j)on-line
information and data base retrieval; (l)enhanced
value-added facsimile services; and (n) on-line
information and/or dataprocessing.Asabove.
D.Audiovisual services
(a)Motion picture orvideo tapedistribution services Foreign commercial presence isallowed only through
representative offices which willbeallowed tofunction as
branches ofcompanies incorporated outside India. Import of
titlesisrestricted to100peryear.
3.Construction andrelated engineering services
B.Construction work forcivilengineering
(roads andbridges only, CPC Ex.513)Foreign commercial presence isallowed only through
incorporation, withaforeign equity ceiling of51percent.
7.Financial services
A.Insurance and-related services
-Non-life, limited toinsurance offreight
(Ex.5(a)(i)(B))Unbound except inthecaseofinsurance offreight, where there is
norequirement thatgoods intransit toandfrom India should be
insured withIndian insurance companies. Insurance istaken by
thebuyer orseller inaccordance withtheterms ofthecontract.
Once under acontract theIndian importer orexporter agrees to
assume theresponsibility forinsurance such asinthecaseof
f.o.b. contracts forimports intoIndia orc.i.f. contracts for
exports from India, insurance hastobetaken onlywithanIndian
insurance company.
-Reinsurance andretrocession (5(a)(ii)) Reinsurance canbetaken withforeign reinsurers totheextent of
theresidual uncovered risk after obligatory orstatutory
placements domestically withIndian insurance companies.
-Insurance intermediation, limited toreinsurance
(Ex.5(a)(iii))Reinsurance ofdomestic risks canbeplaced with foreign
reinsurers through overseas brokers, totheextent mentioned
under reinsurance andretrocession above.
Table AIV.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 222
Overseas brokers areallowed tohaveresident representatives and
representative offices whocanprocure reinsurance business from
Indian insurance companies totheextent mentioned above. They
canalsoplace reinsurance business from abroad with Indian
insurance companies. Except forthebusiness indicated above,
theresident representatives andrepresentative offices cannot
undertake anyother activity inIndia. Allexpenses oftheresident
representatives andrepresentative offices have tobemetby
remittances from abroad andnoincome canbereceived inIndia
from Indian residents.
B. Banking andother financial services
1.-(i)acceptance ofdeposits andother repayable funds from
thepublic (5(a)(v));
-(ii)lending ofalltypes, including consumer credit,
mortgage, credit and financing ofcommercial
transactions butexcluding factoring. (Ex.5(a)(vi));
-(iii)allpayment and money transmission services
including credit, charge anddebit cards, travellers
cheques andbankers 'drafts (5(a)(viii));
-(iv)guarantees andcommitments (5(a)(ix));
-(v)trading for own account of:money market
instruments; foreign exchange; and transferable
securities (Ex.5(a)(x)(A)(B)(E));
-(vi)portfolio management, custodial andtrust services
(Ex.5(a)(xiii)); and
-(vii)clearing services forother banks forcheques, drafts
andother instruments (Ex.5(a)(xiv)).Foreign commercial presence isonlypermitted through branch
operations ofaforeign bank licensed andsupervised asabank in
itshome country. Limit of12licences peryearbothfornew
entrants andexisting banks. Banks areallowed toinstall ATMs
atbranches andatother places identified bythem. Installation of
ATM ataplace other thaninlicensed branches istreated asa
newplace ofbusiness andrequires alicence. Licences issued for
ATMs installed byforeign banks willnotbeincluded inthe
ceiling of12licences peryear fornewentrants andexisting
banks referred toabove.
Investments inother financial services companies bybranches of
foreign banks licensed todobanking business inIndia
individually nottoexceed 10percent ofowned funds or
30percentoftheinvested company 'scapital whichever islower.
Licences fornew foreign banks may bedenied when the
maximum share ofassets inIndia bothonandoffbalance sheet
offoreign banks tototalassets bothonandoffbalance sheet of
thebanking system exceeds 15percent.
2. Participation inissues ofallkindofsecurities and
provision ofservices related tosuchservicesForeign commercial presence ispermitted through foreign banks
branches licensed todobanking business inIndia orthrough
incorporation with foreign equity ceiling of51percent by
financial services companies (including banks).
3. Stock broking (Ex.5(a)(x)(E)) Foreign commercial presence ispermitted through establishment
oflocally incorporated jointventure company withforeign equity
ceiling of49percent. Theforeign equity participation willbe
limited torecognized foreign stock broking companies.
4. Financial consultancy services (Ex.5(a)(xvi)) Foreign commercial presence ispermitted through incorporation
withforeign equity ceiling of51percentbyfinancial services
companies (including banks).
5. Factoring (Ex.5(a)(vi)) Asabove.
6. Financial leasing (5(a)(vii)) Asabove.
7. Venture capital Asabove andfunding hastobeentirely outofequity.
8. Health related andsocial services
A. Hospital servicesAsabove.
9. Tourism andtravel related services
A. Hotels andother lodging services (CPC Ex.641)
B. Travel agency andtouroperator servicesForeign commercial presence ispermitted only through
incorporation withaforeign equity ceiling of51percent.
Asabove.
a Sectors numbered according totheWTO Secretariat classification.
Source: WTO documents GATS/SC/42, 15April 1994; GATS/SC/42/Suppl.1, 28July1995; GATS/SC/42/Suppl.2, 28July1995, and
S/FIN/N/12/Add.47/Rev.1, 12December 1997.India WT/TPR/S/33
Page 223
Table AIV.4
Summary ofArticle II(m.f.n.) exemptions listed byIndia
Thistable summarizes Article II(most-favoured-nation) exemptions listed byIndia. Itdoesnotcontain thesame level of
detail astheSchedule andisnotasubstitute forit.
I.Sector-specific commitments (bymajor service areas)a
2.Communication services India grants national treatment tomotion pictures andtelevision programmes co-produced
withforeign countries which maintain aco-production agreement withIndia.
10.Recreational services Bhutan hasbeengranted awaiver ontheprohibition ofsaleoflottery tickets inIndia.
11.Transport services India applies equality infreight liftings originating intheports ofBulgaria, Pakistan, and
theUnited Arab Emirates andequality infreight earnings.
Asamember oftheUNCode ofConduct ofLiner Conferences, cargo sharing between
thenational linesofcontracting States andthird-country linesispertheratioof40:40:20
asprovided intheLiner Code.
a Sectors numbered according totheWTO Secretariat classification.
Source: WTO documents GATS /EL/42, 14April, 1994 andS/FIN/W/12/Add.47/Rev.1, 12December 1997.WT/TPR/S/33 Trade Policy Review
Page 224
Table AIV.5
Basic telecommunications licensees
Circle Winner ofthebid
(foreign collaborator)Status
Delhi HFCL (Bezeq/Shinawatra) Dispute incourt
Maharashtra Hughes Ispat (Hughes, USA) Licence signed
Tamil Nadu RPG group (NTT, Japan) Dispute incourt
Uttar Pradesh (West) HFCL (Bezeq/Shinawatra) Dispute incourt
Karnataka Hughes Ispat (Hughes, USA) Licence expected soon
Punjab Essar (Bell Atlantic, USA) Licence signed
Andhra Pradesh Tata(Bell Canada) Licence signed
Haryana HFCL (Bezeq/Shinawatra) Dispute incourt
Gujarat Reliance (Nynex, USA) Licence signed
Orissa HFCL (Bezeq/Shinawatra) Dispute incourt
Rajasthan Shyam (Telesystem, Canada) Letter ofintent awaiteda
Madhya Pradesh Bharti (STET, Italy) Licence signed
Bihar Techno (Moscow Telecom) Dispute incourt
a Theissuance ofalicence follows acompany 'sacceptance oftheletter ofintent.
Source: Government ofIndia.
__________