RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
21 May 2002 
 (02-2788) 
Working Party on the Accession  
of the Kingdom of Nepal Original:   English 
 
 
  
WORKING PARTY ON THE ACCESSION OF  
THE KINGDOM OF NEPAL  
 
Offer of Specific Commitments in Services
 
 
Revision  
  
 The Government of the Kingdom of Nepal has su bmitted the attached revised Offer of Specific 
Commitments in Services and List of Article II MFN Exemptions with a request that it be circulated to 
members of the Working Party.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 2 Offer of Specific Commitments on Services  
 
Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
All Sectors included in this Schedule 1) an d 2) Allocation of convertible currency for 
payment of foreign services suppliers subject to approval of Central Bank 
3) None, except  only through incorporation in 
Nepal and with foreign capital equity of 49 per cent. 1) None  
2) None  
3) None, except: 
 A foreign investor reinvesting earnings is 
required to obtain the permission of the 
Department of Industry.  
All non-prohibited foreign investments outside 
the Financial Services Sector require approval by the Department of Industry. 
 
Investments of a type covered by the Environmental Protection Rules 1997, require 
an environmental impact assessment (EIA) or 
initial environmental assessment (IEA) 
(depending on the size and nature of the 
business) by the Ministry of Population and Environment. 
 
Incentives and subsidies are available only to the company wholly owned by Nepalese 
national. 
 The majority of the members of the Board of 
Directors of a Joint Venture should be 
Nepalese nationals.    
  
Except where an environmental 
impact assessment is required, decisions of the Department are 
normally provided within 30 days 
of the date of application.  
Approval of an investment will not 
normally be withheld except for failure to meet environmental 
standards. 
 A foreign investor making an 
investment in foreign currency 
shall be entitled to repatriate the 
following amount outside Nepal: 
a) The amount received by the sale, in whole or part, of the 
investors share of equity; 
b) The amount received as profit or dividend as a result of an 
equity investment; 
c) The amount received as the payment of the principal of and 
interest on any foreign loan; and 
d) The amount received under an agreement to transfer 
technology approved by the 
Department of Industries or the Department of Cottage and Small 
Industries.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1
 Page 3Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 4) Unbound except for temporary  entry and stay 
of natural persons of another Member in the 
following category based on economic need test: 
 
Service sales persons
 
 
Persons not based in the territory of Nepal and 
receiving no remuneration from a source located 
within Nepal, who are engaged in activities related 
to representing a service supplier for the purpose of negotiating for the sale of services of that supplier  
where: 
 a. such sales are not directly made to the general 
public, and 
b. the sales person is not engaged in supplying 
the service. 
 
Person responsible for the setting up a commercial 
presence  
 
Persons who are employees of an enterprise not having commercial presence in Nepal and who stay 
temporarily in Nepal for the purpose of setting up a 
commercial presence of that  enterprise in Nepal. 
 
Entry for persons named in these two categories is 
limited to a ninety-day period. 
 
Intra-corporate transferees
 
 
Managers, executives and specialists as defined 
below who are employees of firms that provide services in Nepal through a branch, subsidiary or 
affiliate established in Nepal and who have been in 4) Unbound except for measures concerning 
the categories of natural person referred 
to in the market access column. 
 
 
  
Selling and buying real estate is the 
constitutional right of every Nepalese citizen. 
The Civil Code prohibits anyone from selling, 
mortgaging,  gifting or endowing  or disposing any real property to a foreign individual.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 4 Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
the prior employment of their firm outside Nepal 
for a period of not less than one year immediately 
preceding the date of their application for admission 
and who fall with one of the following categories: 
 
(a) Executives and Managers :  persons 
within an organization who primarily direct 
the organization or a department or sub-
division of the organization, supervise or 
control the work of their supervisory, 
professional or managerial employees, have the authority to hire and fire or recommend 
hiring, firing or other personnel actions 
(such as promotion, or leave authorization) and exercise discretionary authority over 
day-to-day operations; 
 (b) Specialists
:  persons within an 
organization who possess technical 
knowledge at an advanced level of continued expertise and who possess propriety 
knowledge of the organization’s services, 
research techniques or management techniques. (Specialists may include but are 
not limited to members of licensed 
professions.)  
 
Entry for the above-liste d categories of intra-
corporate transferees is limited to a 2 years initial 
period that may be extended for  up to 3 years for a 
total period not to exceed 5 years.   
All foreign professionals working in Nepal require 
membership of relevant Nepalese professional organizations.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1
 Page 5Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
II. SECTOR  SPECIFIC  COMMITMENTS 
I. BUSINESS SERVICES 
1. Professional Services 
(d) Architectural Services 
(CPC 8671) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Only through incorporation in Nepal and with 
a foreign equity ceiling of 51 per cent 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
(f) Integrated engineering Services 
(CPC 8673) 1) None 
2) None. 3) Only through incorporation in Nepal and with 
a foreign equity ceiling of 51 per cent 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
(g) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural services  
(CPC 8674) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Only through incorporation in Nepal and with 
a foreign equity ceiling of 51 per cent 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
(i) Veterinary services  
(CPC 932) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 6 Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
2. Computer and Related Services 
(a) Consultation services related to 
the installation of compute r 
hardware (CPC 841) 
 
(b) Software implementation 
services (CPC 842) 
 
(c) Data processing services  
(CPC 843) 
 
(d) Data base services  
(CPC 844) 
 
(e) Other computer services 
  -  Data preparation services  
(8491) 
 -  Other computer services 
(CPC 8499) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Only through incorporation in Nepal and with 
foreign equity ceiling of 51 per cent 
 
 Joint venture companies are required to 
provide on the job training to minimum of 80 
per cent of the local staff. 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as provided under 
horizontal section  
3. Research and Development Services 
(a) R&D services on natural 
sciences 
  -  Heat, light, 
electromagnetism, astronomy 
but excluding atomic energy and related matters  
(CPC 85101) 
  -  Engineering and technology, 
including applied science and 
technology for casting, metal, machinery, electricity, 
communications, vessels, 
aircrafts, civil engineering, 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1
 Page 7Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
construction, information etc.  
(CPC 85103)  
6. Other Business Services 
(b) Market research and public 
opinion polling services  
(CPC 864) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
(e)  Technical testing and analysis 
services  (CPC 8676) 1) None 
2) None 3) None. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
(m)  Related scientific and technical 
consulting services  
(CPC 8675) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
(q)  Packaging services  
(CPC 876) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
(s)  Convention Services  
(CPC 87909*) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Only through incorporation in Nepal and with 
foreign equity ceiling of 51 per cent 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 8 Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
II. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
3. Telecommunications Services 
(a) Local telephone service 
 
(b) Domestic telephone service 
 (c) International telephone 
services 
 
(d) Telex services 
 (e) Domestic and international 
telegraph service 1) None  
2) None  
3) None, except: 
 
The license to operate any 
telecommunications service is issued by the 
Nepal Telecommunication Authority 
(NTA) 
 
A license will be issued to one extra service 
provider in addition to Nepal 
Telecommunications Corporation (NTC) subject to the following conditions:  
 
Foreign participation permitted through a joint venture with up to 80% equity 
participation.  
 License issued for an initial period of 10 
years. Renewable for each additional 5 year 
periods. The period of license is 25 years including initial period. 
 
Licensee will be able to provide international telecommunications services 
to its own customers through its own 
network by the end of 2003. 
 
Licensee will be empowered to lease lines to other services providers and users by the 
end of 2003. 
 
Terms of inter-connection between NTC 
and licensee to be negotiated. In case 1) None 
2) None 
3) None, except: 
 
As provided in horizontal section 
 
Land and equipment of a company 
with more than 50% foreign ownership 
reverts to HMG after expiry of license. If foreign ownership is less than 50%, 
the Nepalese licensee may operate the 
service with a new license. 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1
 Page 9Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
settlement is not reached, Nepal 
Telecommunication Authority will arbitrate 
and its decision will be binding to both the parties. 
 
Licensee shall operate at least one public call office in each Village Development 
Committee as prescribed by Nepal 
Telecommunication Authority. 
 
Licensee to invest pr escribed fraction of 
total investment in the development, 
extension and operation of 
telecommunications services in rural areas.   
Licensee shall creat e a fund for the 
development of rural communications and licensee shall deposit ev ery year, out of its 
gross annual income, prescribed fraction of 
total annual income specified by the NTA 
into a fund for the development of rural 
communications. 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 10 Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Mobile Telephone Service 1) None 
2) None 
3) None, except:  
The license to operate is issued by the Nepal 
Telecommunication Authority (NTA)  
Foreign participation permitted through a joint 
venture with up to 80%  equity participation.  
 
License issued for an initial period of 10 Years. Renewable for each additional 5 year 
periods. The period of license is 25 years 
including initial period.  
Mobile operators will not be permitted to 
operate international services. 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None, except   
As indicated in ho rizontal section 
 Land and equipment of a company with 
more than 50% foreign ownership reverts 
to HMG after expiry of license. If foreign 
ownership is less than 50%, the Nepalese 
licensee may operate the service with a new license. 
 
  
 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
 
3) By 2004 two mobile 
operators will be licensed to 
operate Global Mobile 
System (GMS). One operator will be selected through 
bidding process. The other 
operator will be the Nepal 
Telecommunications 
Corporation that will operate its Mobile System under the 
same terms of service as the 
second operator.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1
 Page 11Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Value-added telecommunications 
(a) Internet including e-mail 
 
(b) E.mail  
(c) Voice mail 
 (d) Video text 
 
(e) Fax mail  
(f) VSAT 
 (g) Audio Conference 
 
(h) Pay phone  
(i) Pre-paid calling card 
 
(j) Local data communication 
 (k) Radio paging 
 
(l) Trunked mobile 1) None 
2) None 
3) None, Except:  
The license to operate is issued by the Nepal 
Telecommunication Authority (NTA)  
Foreign participation permitted through a joint 
venture with up to 80% equity participation.   
License issued for an initial period of 5 years. 
Renewable for each additional 5 year periods. The period of license is 25 years including 
initial period 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None, except:  
Land and equipment of a company with 
more than 50% foreign ownership reverts to HMG after expiry of license. If foreign 
ownership is less than 50%, the Nepalese 
licensee may operate the service with a new license. 
 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
 
3) After 2004 VSAT operators 
will be permitted to provide 
data or voice services but not 
both. 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 12 Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
V. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 
C. Higher Education services 
(CPC 923) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3). None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in 
horizontal section  
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
1. Sewage Services  
 (CPC 9401) 
 2. Refuse disposal services  
(CPC 9402) 
 3. Sanitation and similar 
Services  
 (CPC 9403) 1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound* 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
VII. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 
The commitments in non-lif e direct insurance services are ma de in accordance with the General Agreement on Trade in Services an d the Annex on Financial Services. All the 
commitments are subject to  entry requirements, domestic laws, rules and regu lations and the terms and conditions of Insurance B oard and any other competent authority in 
Nepal, as the case may be, which are consis tent with Article VI of the GATS and para graph 2 of the Annex on Financial Services.  
 
The commitments in non-life direct insurance services are given to the nationals and financial institutions of the Members whos e laws and policies do not bar the provision o f 
similar commitments to the Nepalese nationals and financial institutions.  
Approval, registration and licensing relating to non-life direct in surance services will be subject to an economic needs test a s applicable to domestic institutions. Only financial 
institutions have rating of at least 'B' by Credit Rating Agency e.g. MOODI, Standard & Poor can have commercial presence in Ne pal. The shares held by foreign nations and 
foreign financial institutions in their locally incorporated co mpanies are not transferable w ithout the prior written approval of the Nepal Rastra Bank (the central bank) or any 
other competent authority as the case may be. Represen tative offices may not engaged in commercial business. 
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1
 Page 13Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
1. Insurance and Insurance Related Services 
A. Direct Insurance 
 
(b) Non-life 1) None 
2) None 
3) None, except:  
As indicated in general and horizontal 
conditions.  
Only through in corporation with foreign 
equity ceiling of 51 per cent.  
New establishment is subject to licence 
approved by Insurance Board and/or His Majesty’s Government of Nepal, if necessary 
economic needs test. 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
 
3) Bound for the existing 
foreign insurance services 
providers as to their scope o f 
operations and equity structure.  
 
VIII.   HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES 
1. Hospital Services  
 (CPC 9311) 1) Unbound ∗ 
2) None 
3) Only through incorporation with foreign
equity ceiling of 51 per cent  
4) Unbound, except as indi cated in the horizontal
section.  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
                                                      
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 14 Modes of supply    (1) Cross-Border    (2) Consumption abroad    (3) Commercial Presence    (4) Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations of Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
IX. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Tourism and restaurants  
 Hotel, lodging services  
(CPC 6411)  (star hotels only ) 
 
B. Travel agency and tour  
operator  
 (CPC 7471)  1) Unbound ∗ 
2) None, except convertib le currency limit of  
US $700 per annum per person 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
XI. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
3. Air Transport Services 
(d) Maintenance and repair of 
aircraft  
(CPC 8868) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in 
horizontal section.  
 
                                                      
∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1
 Page 15List of Article II MFN Exemptions  
 
Sector or Sub-
Sector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended Duration Conditions creating the need for the exemption 
All Sectors Allocation of non-convertible 
currency effected by commercial banks without involvement of 
Central Bank India Indefinite To facilitate border traffic and regional integration by providing for 
full current account convertibility of  Nepalese rupees into Indian 
rupees. 
Tourism Higher allocation of convertible 
currency for tr avel purposes 24 OECD countries. Indefinite To reflect higher board and lodging costs in countries mentioned. 
Insurance Approval of application for 
establishment dependent on 
reciprocal treatment All countries Indefinite Promote equitable treatment for Nepalese insurers seeking to 
establish abroad. 
 
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 16  
 
 TELECOMMUNICATION REFERENCE PAPER  
 
Scope  
 The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
 
Definitions
 
 Users
 mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
 
Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service that 
  a) are exclusively or predominantly provided  by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
 b) cannot feasible be economically or tec hnically substituted in order to provide a 
service. 
 A major suppliers
 is a supplier which has the ability to mate rially affect the terms of participation 
(having regard to price and supply) in the releva nt market for basic telecommunications services as a 
result of:  
 a) control over essential facilities; or 
  b) use of its position in the market  1. Competitive safeguards
 
 
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications  
  Appropriate measures shall be maintained fo r the purpose of preventing suppliers who, along 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 
1.2 Safeguards
 
  The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:  
a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization; 
 
b) using information obtained from comp etitors with anti-competitive results; and 
 c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical 
information about essential facilities and co mmercially relevant information which 
are necessary for them to provide services. 
 2. Interconnection
 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the user s of one supplier to communicate with users of 
another supplier and to access services provi ded by another supplier, where specific 
commitments are undertaken. 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
 Page 17 
 
 
 2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
  Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interconnection is provided: 
 
 a) under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 
 b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard 
to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundl ed so that the supplier need not pay 
for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be provided; and 
 
 c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 
 2.3 Public availability of the pro cedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
 2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
 2.5 Interconnection: dispute settlement
 
 
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
  a) at any time or;   b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, which may be  a regulatory body as referred to in 
paragraph 5 below, to resolve disputes re garding appropriate terms, conditions and 
rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these 
have not been established previously. 
 3. Universal service
 
 
 Any Member has the right to define the ki nd of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discrimin atory and competitively neutral manner and are 
not more burdensome that necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
 WT/ACC/SPEC/NPL/4/Rev.1 
Page 18  
 
 4. Public availability of licensing criteria
 
  Where a license is required, the following will be made publicly available:   a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an applicable for a license and 
  b) the terms and conditio ns of individual licenses. 
  The reasons for the denial of a license will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
 
5. Independent regulators
 
  The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants. 
 6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
  Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, number 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-
discriminatory manner.  The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly 
available, but detailed identification of freque ncies allocated for specific government uses is 
not required. 
 
__________