APPENDIX TABLESMalaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 137
Table AI.1
Exports bygroups ofproducts, 1992-96
(US$ million andpercent)
Commodity 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Total (US$ million) 40,757.1 47,103.1 58,818.7 73,737.6 78,150.9
Total primary products 35.2 29.7 25.7 24.0 23.1
Agriculture 20.7 18.2 17.0 15.7 13.9
Food 10.5 9.4 9.9 9.5 8.7
4222 Palm oil 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.2
Agricultural rawmaterial 10.2 8.7 7.2 6.2 5.2
2433 Lumber shaped non-conif. 3.8 4.2 3.2 2.4 1.9
2311 Natural rubber, gums 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.8
2423 Saw-, veneer-logs, non-conif. 3.7 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.1
Mining 14.4 11.5 8.6 8.3 9.2
Oresandother minerals 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
Non-ferrous metals 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0
Fuels 12.9 10.3 7.4 7.0 7.9
3310 Crude petroleum, etc. 8.9 6.7 4.3 3.6 3.9
3411 Gas,natural 2.8 2.5 1.9 2.0 2.6
Manufactures 64.4 69.7 73.6 74.7 75.9
Ironandsteel 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8
Chemicals 2.1 2.1 2.6 3.0 3.2
Other semi-manufactures 5.1 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.9
Machinery andtransport equipment 43.8 48.5 53.4 55.2 55.3
Power-generating machines 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Other non-electrical machinery 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7
7191 Heating, cooling equipment 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2
Agricultural machinery andtractors 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Office machines &telecommunications
equipment32.8 37.6 41.8 44.4 44.7
7293 Transistors, valves, etc. 13.9 15.5 16.2 18.0 17.9
7149 Office machines, n.e.s. 4.8 5.7 6.2 6.5 6.1
8911 Sound recorders, phonogr. prts. 3.4 4.3 5.2 5.1 4.7
7242 Radio broadcast receivers 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.7 3.9
7249 Telecom. equipment, n.e.s. 3.4 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.9
7241 Television receivers 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.7
7143 Statistical machines 0.7 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.3
Other electrical machines 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.2
7222 Switchgear, etc. 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 2.0
7221 Electric power machinery 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3
Automotive products 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other transport equipment 3.7 2.9 3.7 2.6 2.3
Textiles 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7
Clothing 4.6 4.2 3.5 3.1 3.0
Other consumer goods 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.7 6.0
Other 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.1
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.1).WT/TPR/S/31
Page 138Trade Policy Review
Table AI.2
Imports bygroups ofproducts, 1992-96
(US$ million andpercent)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Total (US$ million) 39,087.8 44,416.5 57,570.6 75,160.9 76,082.3
Total primary products 15.3 14.5 12.4 11.7 12.7
Agriculture 7.7 7.3 6.6 6.2 6.8
Food 6.6 6.1 5.4 4.9 5.4
Agricultural rawmaterial 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
Mining 7.6 7.2 5.8 5.6 5.9
Oresandother minerals 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9
Non-ferrous metals 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3
Fuels 4.2 3.7 2.6 2.3 2.7
Manufactures 84.2 84.0 86.2 85.7 84.8
Ironandsteel 4.5 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.6
Chemicals 8.1 7.6 6.9 7.2 6.9
Other semi-manufactures 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.2
Machinery andtransport equipment 56.1 57.3 61.6 61.5 61.5
Power-generating machines 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8
Other non-electrical machinery 14.0 12.9 12.2 12.3 11.9
7198 Other machines, non-elec. 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.3
7184 Const. mining mach. n.e.s. 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2
7193 Mechanical handling equipment 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4
7199 Machine parts, access. n.e.s. 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.1
7192 Pumps, centrifuges 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.0
7151 Machine tools formetal 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0
Agricultural machinery andtractors 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Office machines andtelecommunications equipment 21.8 24.6 27.2 29.4 31.2
7293 Transistors, valves, etc. 13.8 16.0 18.4 20.6 21.9
7249 Telecom. equipment, n.e.s. 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.8
7149 Office machines, n.e.s. 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.8
8911 Sound recorders, phonogrp. prts. 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.2
Other electrical machines 9.6 10.2 11.2 9.5 9.3
7222 Switchgear etc. 3.8 4.0 4.4 3.6 3.5
7299 Other electrical machinery 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2
7221 Electric power machinery 1.8 2.0 2.5 1.9 2.1
Automotive products 3.4 3.3 3.4 4.0 4.5
Other transport equipment 6.8 5.2 6.5 5.2 3.7
Textiles 3.3 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.8
Clothing 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
Other consumer goods 5.4 5.4 5.2 4.7 4.6
Other 0.5 1.5 1.4 2.5 2.5
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.1).Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 139
Table AI.3
Exports bydestination, 1992-96
(US$ million andpercent)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Total (US$ million) 40,757.1 47,103.1 58,818.7 73,737.6 78,150.9
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
APEC 77.4 77.9 77.7 77.4 77.8
ASEAN 29.7 28.0 27.5 27.2 28.0
America 20.6 22.7 23.6 23.1 20.3
United States 18.6 20.3 21.1 20.7 18.2
Canada 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7
Other America 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3
Europe 16.1 15.7 15.2 15.1 14.6
EU15 15.3 14.9 14.3 14.2 13.7
United Kingdom 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.4
Netherlands 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 3.0
Belgium-Luxembourg 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1
France 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8
Italy 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
EFTA 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
EastEurope 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4
Former USSR 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Other Europe 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 60.0 58.7 58.2 58.9 62.1
Middle East 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9
United Arab Emirates 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9
EastAsia 55.5 54.7 53.6 54.3 57.4
Singapore 23.0 21.6 20.7 20.3 20.5
Japan 13.4 13.0 12.1 12.7 13.4
Hong Kong, China 3.8 4.1 4.6 5.3 5.9
Chinese Taipei 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 4.1
Thailand 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1
Korea, Rep. of 3.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 3.1
China 1.9 2.6 3.3 2.7 2.4
Indonesia 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6
South Asia 2.4 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.8
India 1.1 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.5
Pakistan 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8
Oceania 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9
Australia 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6
Africa 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3
Other 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.1).WT/TPR/S/31
Page 140Trade Policy Review
Table AI.4
Imports byorigin, 1992-96
(US$ million andpercent)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Total (US$ million) 39,087.8 44,416.5 57,570.6 75,160.9 76,082.3
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
APEC 80.5 82.0 80.2 79.3 79.3
ASEAN 20.4 19.6 19.1 17.4 19.6
America 18.1 19.0 18.7 18.4 17.8
United States 16.0 17.3 17.2 16.6 15.9
Canada 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6
Other America 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3
Europe 15.2 14.3 16.7 17.6 16.9
EU15 13.5 12.8 14.7 15.6 14.7
United Kingdom 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6
France 1.3 1.5 2.7 3.1 2.1
Italy 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
Ireland 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.9
Netherlands 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9
Sweden 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8
Belgium-Luxembourg 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
EFTA 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2
Switzerland 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1
EastEurope 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7
Former USSR 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5
Other Europe 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2
Asia 62.7 63.1 61.2 60.8 61.5
Middle East 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7
EastAsia 60.8 61.1 59.7 59.4 59.7
Japan 26.5 28.2 27.6 28.1 25.2
Singapore 15.6 14.9 14.2 12.4 13.3
Chinese Taipei 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1
Korea, Rep. of 3.1 3.1 3.1 4.0 4.8
Thailand 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.4
China 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5
Hong Kong, China 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3
South Asia 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1
India 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0
Oceania 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.0
Australia 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4
NewZealand 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5
Africa 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4
Other 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database (SITC Rev.1).Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 141
Table AII.1
Overview ofselected trade-related legislation
Area Main legislation Ministry/Institution
Company registration andlicensing Companies Act1965
Securities Industries Act1983
Promotion ofInvestment Act1986
Industrial Coordination Act1975Registrar ofCompanies,
Securities Commission and
Malaysian Industrial Development
Authority
Customs tariffs, including customs
procedures, tariff waivers and
exemptions, dutydrawback for
exportsCustoms Act1967
Import Duties (validation) Act1992
Excise Act
Sales TaxActMinistry ofFinance
Anti-dumping andcountervailing
measuresCountervailing andAnti-dumping
Duties Act1993Ministry ofInternational Trade
Industry
Import andexport prohibitions or
licensingCustoms Act1967 Ministry ofFinance; various other
Ministries andAgencies are
involved intheadministration of
thelicences required bythe
Ministry ofFinance
Exchange control Exchange Control Actof1953 Central Bank
Duty-free zones andwarehouses FreeZones Act1990 Ministry ofFinance
Export credits andinsurance TheExport-Import Bank of
Malaysia, awholly owned
subsidiary ofBank Industri
Malaysia Bhdwasincorporated in
August 1995.
Trade promotion Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation
Act1992Malaysia External Trade
Development Corporation, Ministry
ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Government procurement Government Contracts Act1949 (Revised 1973)
Financial Procedure Act1957 (amended in1972)Ministry ofFinance
Standardization Standards ofMalaysia Act1996
Pesticides Act1974Standards andIndustrial Research
Institute ofMalaysia (SIRIM),
Ministry ofAgriculture
Sanitary andphytosanitary
measuresPlant Quarantine Act1976
Animal Ordinance 1953Ministry ofAgriculture
Packaging andlabelling Weights andMeasures Act1972
Food Act1983
Trade Description Act1972
Price Control Act1946
Pesticides Act1974Ministry ofDomestic Trade and
Consumer Affairs,
Ministry ofHealth
Domestic distribution Direct Sales Act1992
Control ofSupplies Act1961Ministry ofDomestic Trade and
Consumer Affairs
Price controls Price (Grade andPrice Control) Order 1992
Control ofSupplies Act1961Ministry ofDomestic Trade and
Consumer Affairsa,
Ministry ofAgriculture
Intellectual property rights Patents Act1983
Copyright Act1987
Trade Marks Act1976
Trade Descriptions Act1972
Industrial Design Bill1996Ministry ofDomestic Trade and
Consumer Affairs
Investment Income TaxAct1967
Promotion ofInvestments Act(PIA) 1986Malaysian Industrial Development
Authority, Ministry ofInternational
Trade andIndustry andMinistry of
Finance
Competition policy Malaysia hasnocompetition legislation n.a.
Table AII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 142Trade Policy Review
Area Main legislation Ministry/Institution
Agriculture Pesticides Act1974
Plant Quarantine Act1976
Animal Ordinance 1953
Fisheries Act1985Ministry ofAgriculture
Fisheries Fisheries Act1985 Ministry ofAgriculture
Primary industries Petroleum Development Act,1974 Petronas, Ministry ofPrimary
Industries andPrime Minister 's
Department
Manufacturing Industrial Coordination Act1975 Ministry ofInternational Trade and
Industry, Ministry of
Entrepreneurial Development
Central Bank functions including
supervision offinancial institutionsCentral Bank ofMalaysia Ordinance 1958
Banking andFinancial Institutions Act1989Central Bank ofMalaysia
Allmatters relating tosecurities
andfutures contracts industriesSecurities Industry Act1983
Securities Industry Act1991
Securities Commission Act1993
Futures Industry Act1993
Securities Industry (Central Depositories Act1991)Securities Commission andthe
Registrar ofCompanies
Telecommunications Telecommunications Act1950aMinistry ofEnergy,
Telecommunications andPosts
Audiovisual services Broadcasting (Amendment) Act1997bMinistry ofInformation and
Ministry ofHome Affairs
Tourism Tourism Industry Act1992
Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board Act1992Ministry ofCulture andTourism
Malaysia andMalaysia Tourism
Promotion Board
Civil aviation Civil Aviation Act1969 Ministry ofTransport
Marine transport Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952 Ministry ofTransport
Road transport Road Transport Act1987 Ministry ofTransport
n.a. Notapplicable.
a Thecontrol ofstandard andpremium riceisadministered bytheMinistry ofAgriculture under subsidiary legislation; Rice(Grade
andPrice Control) Order 1992.
b "Convergence Act"covering broadcasting, telecommunications andcomputer services isunder study attheMinistry ofEnergy,
Telecommunications andPosts.
Source: Government ofMalaysia.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 143
Table AII.2
Status ofselected notification requirements totheWTO, 30June 1997a
WTO
AgreementDescription of
requirementPeriodicity Document number ofmost recent
notification (ifnone, dateof
scheduled notification)Comments
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Information ontariff
quotasOnce, thenchanges G/AG/N/MYS/1, 1June1995 Current applied ratesare
lower thanout-of-quota
tariff rates
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Volume ofimport
under tariff quotasAnnual G/AG/N/MYS/4, 10July1996 Tariff quotas are
administered as"variable
quota" (Chapter III(2)(iii))
Agriculture
(Art. 5.7and
18.2)Special safeguard
trigger pricesOnce forall
products, orthefirst
timeeachsafeguard
isused- Notrequired asthespecial
safeguard hasnotbeen
used
Agriculture
(Art. 5.7and
18.2)Summary ofspecial
safeguards takenAnnual G/AG/N/MYS/3, 16April 1996 Thespecial safeguard was
notinvoked during 1995
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Aggregate measure of
supportAnnual G/AG/N/MYS/6, 20January 1997 Chapter IV(2)
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Export subsidies
(outlays)Annual G/AG/N/MYS/2, 6March 1996 Malaysia didnothave
export subsidy
programmes subject to
reduction commitments in
1995
Agriculture
(Art. 18.2)Export subsidies
(quantities)Annual G/AG/N/MYS/5, 7August 1996 Export figures of
vegetable oilsassetoutin
document G/AG/2/Add.1
Textiles and
Clothing
(Art. 3.1)Outstanding measures
asof1January 1995Once G/TMB/N/101, 24May1995 and
G/TMB/N/1/Add.1,16 February 1996Therestriction concerned
non-automatic licensing
forimport ofBatik Sarong
Textiles and
Clothing
(Art. 6.1)Wish toretain the
righttousethe
safeguard provisionsAdhoc G/TMB/N/35, 6March 1995 Malaysia reserves theright
tousethesafeguard
provisions
Subsidies
(Art. 32)Laws andregulations Once byMarch
1995, thenchangesG/SCM/N1/MYS, 5April 1995 Thelawsandregulations
cover bothanti-dumping
andcountervailing
measures
Subsidies
(Art. 25)Specific subsidies
grantedAnnual G/SCM/N3/MYS, 12July1995 Thedocument alsocovers
anotification pursuant to
Article XVI.1 of
GATT 1994
Subsidies
(Art. 25.11)Countervailing duty
actions takenEvery sixmonths G/SCM/N/19/Add.1/Rev.1,
26November 1996Nocountervailing duty
cases taken during
1January -
30June1996
Anti-dumping
(Art. 18)Laws andregulations Once by
March 1995, then
changesG/ADP/N1/MYS/, 5April 1995 Thelawsandregulations
cover bothanti-dumping
andcountervailing
measures
Anti-dumping
(Art. 16)Anti-dumping actions
takenEvery sixmonths G/ADP/N/22/MYS, 10June1997 Coverage ofperiod 1July-
31December 1996
Table AII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 144Trade Policy Review
WTO
AgreementDescription of
requirementPeriodicity Document number ofmost recent
notification (ifnone, dateof
scheduled notification)Comments
Safeguards
(Art. 11)Pre-existing measures Once G/SG/N/2/MYS, 25April 1995 Malaysia doesnot
maintain anysafeguard
measures
Safeguards
(Art. 12)Laws andregulations Once by
March 1995, then
changesG/SG/N/MYS/1, 17November 1995 Malaysia doesnothave
anylaws, regulations and
administrative procedures
relating tosafeguard
measures
Safeguards
(Art. 12)Actions taken Adhoc G/SG/N/3/MYS, 15April 1995 Malaysia doesnot
maintain anysafeguard
measures
Technical
Barriers toTrade
(Art. 15.2)Measures inexistence
andtaken toimplement
theAgreementOnce, upon entry
intoforceG/TBT/2/Add.9, 12June1996 -
Technical
Barriers toTrade
(Art. 2)Technical regulations Adhoc G/TBT/Notif.97.331, 8July1997 Thenotifications arelisted
inTable AIII.13
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
MeasuresMeasures taken Adhoc G/SPS/N/MYS/4, 1may1997 Thenotifications are
discussed in
Chapter III(4)(iv)
Preshipment
Inspection
(Art. 5)Laws andregulations
which putthe
Agreement intoforceOnce, thenchanges
onlyG/PS1/N/1/Add.3, 12July1996 Malaysia doesnothave
anylawsorregulations
relating topreshipment
inspection
Import Licensing
Procedures
(Art. 7.3)Questionnaire; rules
andinformation
concerning procedures
forthesubmission of
applicationsAnnual for
questionnaire; rules
andinformation
once, thenchanges- -
Rules ofOrigin Preferential rules of
originAnentry intoforce G/RO/N/4, 7August 1995 ASEAN Preferential
Trading Arrangement
Rules ofOrigin Non-preferential rules
oforiginApril 1995 G/RO/N/6, 19December 1995 Malaysia doesnothave
anynon-preferential rules
oforigin, judicial
decisions oradministrative
rulings ofgeneral
application relating to
rules oforigin
Trade-Related
Investment
Measures
(Art. 5.1)Measures which are
notinconformity with
theAgreementOnce G/TRIMS/N/1/MYS/1, 12April 1995
andG/TRIMS/N/1/MYS/1/Rev.1
18March 1996Thenotifications are
discussed in
Chapter III(2)(vi)
TRIPS (Art. 69) Contact point Once IP/N/3/Rev.2, 22July1996 -
Agreement on
implementation
toArticle VIIof
GATT 1994
(Art. 22.2)Customs valuation,
lawsandregulationsOnce, thenchanges WT/Let/1, 27January 1995 and
revisions 1and2Malaysia reserves theright
todelay thisnotification
forafive-year period asa
developing country
GATT 1994
(Art. XVIII)State trading Annual G/STR/N/1/MYS, 15August 1995 Thenotification is
discussed in
Chapter III(2)(vi)
GATT 1994
(Part IV)Enabling Clause Adhoc WT/COMTD/3, 11August 1995 ASEAN tariff preferences
a Malaysia hasmade nonotification under theGATS Agreement.
Source: World Trade Organization.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 145
Table AII.3
WTO disputes involving Malaysia, 1January 1995 -30June 1997
Dispute Major dates Outcome asof31July1997
Disputes inwhich Malaysia hasbeeninvolved asacomplainant
United States: Import
prohibition ofcertain
shrimp andshrimp
productsRequest forconsultations:
14October 1996 byIndia, Malaysia, Pakistan andThailand
Requests tojointheconsultation:
30October 1996 byHong Kong
30October 1996 bytheEuropean Union
1November 1996 byJapan
6November 1996 byAustralia
Requests forestablishment ofapanel:
10January 1997, Malaysia andThailand
7February 1997 byPakistan
8March 1997 byIndia
Panel established:
25February 1997 asrequested byMalaysia, Thailand andPakistanPanel procedures areongoing
Complaints against Malaysia 'spolicies
Prohibition ofimports of
polyethylene and
polypropyleneRequest forconsultations:
13January 1995 bySingapore
Request forestablishment ofapanel:
17March 1995 bySingapore
Withdrawal ofrequest forpanel:
19July1995Non-automatic licensing was
converted intoautomatic
licensing (Chapter IV(3))
Disputes inwhich Malaysia hasjoined theconsultations
Turkey :Restrictions on
imports oftextile and
clothing products
administeredRequest forconsultations:
15February 1996 byHong Kong
Requests tojointheconsultations:
28February 1996 byMalaysia, thePhilippines andThailand
28February 1996 byPeru
29February 1996 byIndia
1March 1996 byBrazil
1March 1996 byCanada
1March 1996 bytheEuropean UnionConsultation period has
expired butnopanel hasbeen
requested
Source: World Trade Organization.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 146Trade Policy Review
Table AII.4
Malaysia 'sBilateral Trade Agreements, August 1997
No. Country Date ofsignature
1. Australia 26August 1958 (revision initiated on5June196)
2. Japan 10May1960
3. NewZealand 3February 1961
4. United Arab Emirates 26February 1962
5. Republic ofKorea 5November 1962
6. USSRa3April 1967
7. Bulgaria 20May1968
8. Yugoslaviab26June1969
9. Hungary 2February 1970
10. Poland 7November 1970
11. Czechoslovakia 20November 1972
12. Egypt 8January 1977
13. Bangladesh 1December 1977
14. Libya 18January 1977
15. Iraq 17January 1977
16. Turkey 13February 1977
17. Democratic People 'sRepublic ofKorea 9June1979
18. Germany 27May1980
19. Pakistan 5November 1987
20. China 1April 1988
21. Iran 19March 1989
22. Mali 16November 1990
23. Argentina 1July1991
24. Venezuela 26November 1991
25. Romania 1March 1991
26. Chile 21June1991
27. Vietnam 11August 1992
28. Tunisia 25November 1992
29. Zimbabwe 9July1993
30. Croatia 26October 1994
31. Jordan 2October 1994
32. Bosnia 26October 1994
33. Turkmenistan 13May1994
34. Namibia 12August 1994
35. Albania 24January 1994
36. Colombia 14August 1995
37. Uruguay 9August 1995
38. Peru 13October 1995
39. Kazakhstan 27May1995
40. Kyrgyz Republic 20July1995
41. Lebanon 23March 1995
42. Ghana 12March 1996
43. Brazil 26April 1996
44. Czech Republic 28June1996
45. Malawi 5September 1996
46. South Africa 7March 1997
47. Morocco 10March 1997
a ThisAgreement isnoweffective withRussia.
b TheAgreements withYugoslavia andCzechoslovakia arenolonger valid.
Source: Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry (1996), Malaysia International Trade andIndustry Report 1995/96, Kuala Lumpur.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 147
Table AII.5
Malaysia 'sInvestment Guarantee Agreements, July1997
No. Country Date ofsignature
1. United States 21April 1959 (revised in1965)
2. Germany 22December 1960
3. Canada 1October 1971
4. Netherlands 16June1971
5. France 24April 1975
6. Switzerland 1March 1978
7. Sweden 3March 1979
8. Belgium-Luxembourg 22November 1979
9. United Kingdom 21May1981
10. SriLanka 16April 1982
11. Romania 26November 1982 (revised 26June1996)
12. Norway 6November 1994
13. Austria 12April 1985
14. Finland 15April 1987
15. Kuwait 21November 1987
16. Organization oftheIslamic Conference (OIC) 30September 1987
17. ASEAN 15December 1987
18. Italy 4January 1988
19. Korea 11April 1988
20. China 21November 1988
21. United Arab Emirates 11October 1991
22. Denmark 6January 1992
23. Vietnam 21January 1992
24. Papua NewGuinea 27October 1992
25. Chile 11November 1992
26. LaoPeople 'sDemocratic Republic 8December 1992
27. Chinese Taipei 18February 1993
28. Hungary 19February 1993
29. Poland 21April 1993
30. Indonesia 22January 1994
31. Albania 24January 1994
32. Zimbabwe 28April 1994
33. Turkmenistan 30May1994
34. Namibia 12August 1994
35. Cambodia 17August 1994
36. Argentina 6September 1994
37. Jordan 2October 1994
38. Bangladesh 12October 1994
39. Croatia 16December 1994
40. Bosnia-Herzegovina 16December 1994
41. Spain 4April 1995
42. Pakistan 7July1995
43. Kyrgyzstan 20July1995
44. Mongolia 27July1995
45. India 3August 1995
46. Uruguay 9August 1995
47. Peru 13October 1995
48. Kazakhstan 27May1996
49. Malawi 5September 1996
50. Czech Republic 9September 1996
51. Guinea 7November 1996
52. Ghana 11November 1996
53. Egypt 14April 1997
54. Botswana 31July1997
Source: Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry (1996); Malaysia International Trade andIndustry Report 1995/96, Kuala Lumpur.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 148Trade Policy Review
Table AII.6
Malaysia 'sBilateral Payments Arrangements/Agreements, October 1996
Country Date ofsigning Name ofArrangement/Agreement
A. Agreement based ontheALADI Model
1. Venezuela 3.8.1990 Bilateral Payment Arrangement
2. Mexico 24.9.1990 Reciprocal Payments andCredit Agreement
3. Romania 20.5.1991 Payments Arrangement
4. Zimbabwe 7.6.1991 Payments Arrangement
5. Chile 21.6.1991 Reciprocal Payments andCredit Agreement
6. Peru 13.11.1991 Reciprocal Payments andCredit Agreement
8. Algeria 31.1.1992 Reciprocal Payments andCredit Agreement
8. Seychelles 21.9.1992 Payments Arrangement
9. Tunisia 25.11.1992 Payments Arrangement
10. Vietnam 29.3.1993 Reciprocal Payments andCredit Agreement
11. Uzbekistan 28.6.1993 Payments Arrangement
12. Argentina 3.12.1993 Payments Arrangement
13. Albania 24.1.1994 Payments Arrangement
14. Laos 16.4.1994 Payments Arrangement
15. Turkmenistan 30.5.1994 Payments Arrangement
B. Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangements
16. Algeria 14.6.1992 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
17. Pakistan 6.8.1992 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
18. Iraq 28.2.1993 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
19. Myanmar 21.1.1994 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
20. Iran 8.2.1994 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
21. Algeria 14.6.1992 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
20.4.1994 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
22. Bosnia-Herzegovina 13.11.1996 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
23. Iraq 28.2.1993 Palm OilCredit andPayments Arrangement
C. Agreements based ontheIranian Model
24. Iran 8.8.1988 Payments Arrangement
25. Mozambique 27.4.1991 Payments Arrangement
26. Botswana 6.6.1991 Payments Arrangement
27. Fiji 12.10.1991 Payments Arrangement
D. Memoranda ofUnderstanding
28. Nigeria 7.9.1990 Memorandum ofUnderstanding
29. Kazakstan 18.7.1996 Memorandum ofUnderstanding
E. Revolving Credits
27 Sudan 14.1.1992 Revolving Credit
16.4.1992 Revolving Credit
18.12.1993 Revolving Credit
. 11.10.1996 Revolving Credit
Source: Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry (1996), Malaysia International Trade andIndustry Report 1995/96, Kuala Lumpur.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 149
Table AII.7
Malaysia 'sDouble Taxation Agreements, April 1997
No. Country Date ofsignature
EUROPE
1. Sweden 21November 1970
2. Denmark 4December 1970
3. Norway 23December 1970
4. United Kingdom 30March 1973
5. Belgium
Belgium (Protocol)24October 1973
21November 1995
6. Switzerland 30December 1974
7. France
France (Protocol)24April 1975
31January 1991
8. Federal Republic ofGermany 8April 1977
9. Poland 16September 1977
10. Romania 26November 1982
11. Italy 28January 1984
12. Finland 28March 1984
13. USSRa31July1987
14. Netherlands 7March 1988
15. Hungary 24May1989
16. Austria 20September 1989
17. Albania 24January 1994
18. Malta 3October 1995
19. Czech Republic 28June1996
ASIA
20. Singapore
Supplementary Agreement26December 1968
6July1973
21. Japan 30January 1970
22. SriLanka 16September 1972
23. India 25October 1976
24. Thailand
Thailand (Protocol)29March 1982
10February 1995
25. Republic ofSouth Korea 20April 1982
26. Philippines 27April 1982
27. Pakistan 29May1982
28. Bangladesh 19April 1983
29. China 23November 1985
30. Indonesia 12September 1991
31. Iran 11November 1992
32. Saudi Arabia (Limited Treaty) 18July1993
33. Sudan 7October 1993
34. Turkey 27September 1994
35. Jordan 1October 1994
36. Mongolia 27July1995
37. VietNam 7September 1995
38. United Arab Emirates 28November 1995
39. Kuwait 6April 1997
AUSTRALASIA andPACIFIC
40. New Zealand
New Zealand (Protocol)19March 1976
14July1994
41. Australia 20August 1980
42. Papua NewGuinea 20May1993
43. Fiji 19December 1995
AMERICAS
44. Canada 16October 1976
45. United States (Limited Agreement) 18April 1989
AFRICA
46. Mauritius 23August 1992
47. Zimbabwe 28April 1994
48. Egypt 14April 1997
a ThisAgreement isnoweffective withRussia.
Source: Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry (1996), Malaysia International Trade andIndustry Report 1995/96, Kuala Lumpur.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 150Trade Policy Review
Table AIII.1
Simple average MFN andpreferential tariffs byHSChapter, 1988, 1993, 1997 and2003
(Percent)
HSNo.of
lines
(9-digit
1997)Description MFN tariffs AFTA tariffsa
Excluding estimates
ofAVEs forspecific
dutiesIncluding
AVE
estimates for
some specific
dutiesb
1988 1993 1997 1997 1997 2003
0130 Liveanimals 2.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0259 Meat andedible meat offal 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
03127 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, other aquatic invertebrates 14.3 14.0 6.3 6.3 2.7 1.2
0454 Dairy prods.; birds'eggs; nat.honey; edible prods. 18.7 20.8 6.4 6.4 4.7 2.4
0518 Products ofanimal origin, n.e.s. orincluded 3.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0617 Livetrees&other plants; bulbs; roots; cutflowers 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0778 Edible vegetables andcertain roots andtubers 9.3 7.3 1.4 12.0 0.1 0.7
0885 Edible fruitandnuts; peelofcitrus fruitormelons 5.0 16.4 5.7 20.1 19.7 19.6
0937 Coffee, tea,maté andspices 10.6 8.4 2.7 2.7 1.5 0.5
1021 Cereals 1.6 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1138 Millind.prods; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten 5.4 4.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
1255 Oilseed, oleagi fruit; misc. grain, seed, fruit, etc. 5.2 5.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
1312 Lac; gums, resins andother vegetable saps&extracts 2.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1413 Vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable prods., n.e.s. 4.8 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15158 Animal/veg. fats&oils&theircleavage prods.; etc. 5.0 4.7 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.7
1677 Preps. ofmeat, fishorcrustaceans, molluscs, etc. 26.5 25.9 11.9 11.9 4.7 2.1
1730 Sugar andsugar confectionery 4.0 4.6 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.5
1813 Cocoa andcocoa preparations 32.7 19.6 17.7 17.7 8.6 3.8
1949 Preps. cereal, flour, starch/milk; pastrycooks 'prods. 27.8 20.4 9.7 9.7 6.0 3.5
20133 Preps. ofvegetable, fruit, nutsorother parts ofplants 22.4 20.8 9.7 10.5 6.8 3.8
2133 Miscellaneous edible preparations 21.0 15.3 10.6 10.6 6.5 3.8
227 Beverages, spirits andvinegar 33.6 26.7 18.6 296.6 195.5 195.5
2329 Food ind.residues &waste, preps. animal fodder 5.7 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2415 Tobacco andmanufactured tobacco substitutes ... ... 5.0 370.9 370.9 370.9
2582 Salt,sulphur, earth, stone, plastng. mats, lime, cement 5.9 6.5 3.0 3.0 1.6 0.6
2650 Ores, slagandash 3.1 2.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
2762 Mineral fuels, oils&prods. oftheirdistillation, etc. 6.2 5.9 2.0 8.5 8.2 1.4
28202 Inorg chems, compds precmets, radioactive elements 3.8 3.9 1.9 2.3 1.2 0.6
29368 Organic chemicals 3.9 2.5 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.1
30196 Pharmaceutical products 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1
3132 Fertilizers 2.2 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.1 1.0
3261 Tanning/dyeing extrs., tannin &derivatives, pigments 15.8 15.2 6.1 6.1 3.3 2.1
3360 Ess.oils&resinoids, perfumes, cosmetic/toilet preps 15.5 11.7 4.3 4.3 2.1 1.0
3457 Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing preps. 11.3 8.3 5.7 6.2 4.8 2.1
3519 Albuminoidal substncs; mod. starches; glues; enzymes 15.1 13.6 11.8 11.8 4.4 2.9
3613 Explosives, pyrotechnic prods., matches, pyrop. alloy 19.9 19.9 12.3 14.4 13.0 3.6
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 151
HSNo.of
lines
(9-digit
1997)Description MFN tariffs AFTA tariffsa
Excluding estimates
ofAVEs forspecific
dutiesIncluding
AVE
estimates for
some specific
dutiesb
1988 1993 1997 1997 1997 2003
3765 Photographic orcinematographic goods 5.3 5.2 3.1 3.3 2.3 0.9
38109 Miscellaneous chemical products 5.5 5.0 3.7 4.7 3.4 2.0
39368 Plastics andarticles thereof 26.7 25.9 16.6 16.6 9.3 3.6
40258 Rubber andarticles thereof 19.9 16.9 14.3 15.2 10.3 3.0
4137 Rawhides andskins (other thanfurskins) andleather 19.5 17.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1
4249 Articles ofleather; saddlery/harness; travel goods, etc. 21.0 18.6 15.3 15.3 8.2 4.1
4319 Furskins andartificial fur;manufactures thereof 7.7 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
442063 Wood andarticles ofwood; wood charcoal 20.5 20.3 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.3
457 Cork andarticles ofcork 9.7 9.7 1.4 1.4 4.3 2.1
4612 Manfs. ofstraw, esparto/other plaiting materials, etc. 20.4 20.4 17.5 17.5 8.8 5.0
4721 Pulpofwood/fibrous cellulosic materials; waste, etc. 3.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48196 Paper/paperboard; arts.paper pulp, paper/paperboard 12.2 11.9 12.2 12.4 8.6 3.4
4936 Printed books, newspapers, pictures andother prods. 11.8 11.5 9.2 9.2 5.3 2.4
5011 Silk 16.8 9.7 5.5 5.5 1.6 1.4
5136 Wool, fine/coarse animal hair,horsehair yarn&fabric 18.5 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
52160 Cotton 26.2 15.7 16.3 16.3 11.7 4.8
5332 Other veg.textile fibres, paper yarn&woven fabric 11.3 2.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2
54104 Man-made filaments 24.5 14.7 14.5 14.5 7.1 3.9
55119 Man-made staple fibres 29.3 17.2 14.1 15.6 6.7 4.3
5646 Wadding, felt&non-woven, yarn, twine, cordage 19.2 16.2 13.3 13.3 9.0 4.1
5743 Carpets andother textile floor coverings 24.3 23.4 16.6 16.6 6.2 2.8
58154 Spec. woven fabs., tufted textile fabs, lace, tapestries 32.5 27.6 22.4 22.4 12.1 4.5
5939 Impregnated, coated, cover/laminated textile fabric 29.2 16.7 14.3 21.0 15.9 2.8
6018 Knitted orcrocheted fabrics 30.9 20.0 20.0 20.0 6.1 5.0
61114 Art.ofapparel &clothing accs, knitted orcrocheted 28.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 6.7 5.0
62134 Art.ofapparel &clothing accs, notknitted/crocheted 27.3 21.6 19.5 19.5 7.3 4.7
6383 Other made-up textile articles, sets,worn clothing 31.6 32.8 25.2 25.2 10.1 4.8
6448 Footwear, gaiters andthelike,parts ofsucharticles 33.7 30.8 23.7 23.7 11.7 4.5
6513 Headgear andparts thereof 30.0 30.0 18.8 18.8 8.1 4.6
6613 Umbrellas, walking sticks, seatsticks, whips, etc. 15.7 18.3 15.8 19.2 12.5 4.2
6711 Preps feathers &down, artif. flowers, artshuman hair 22.9 22.9 17.7 17.7 11.4 4.5
6868 Arts. stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica/sim. mats. 17.2 16.6 13.7 13.7 8.6 3.4
6938 Ceramic products 22.2 23.6 20.9 21.6 16.6 4.1
7083 Glass andglassware 22.9 22.5 18.9 18.9 14.6 3.4
7161 Natural/cultured pearls, prec. stones &metals, coins 10.7 9.2 2.9 2.9 1.8 1.5
72391 Ironandsteel 9.4 9.4 4.8 6.1 5.9 2.2
73195 Articles ofironorsteel 21.3 20.3 16.1 16.7 11.1 3.8
7467 Copper andarticles thereof 4.9 4.6 3.3 3.3 2.6 0.8
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 152Trade Policy Review
HSNo.of
lines
(9-digit
1997)Description MFN tariffs AFTA tariffsa
Excluding estimates
ofAVEs forspecific
dutiesIncluding
AVE
estimates for
some specific
dutiesb
1988 1993 1997 1997 1997 2003
7517 Nickel andarticles thereof 10.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7646 Aluminium andarticles thereof 22.6 22.5 20.8 20.8 15.0 4.3
7813 Lead andarticles thereof 4.7 4.7 2.3 2.3 1.2 0.8
7918 Zincandarticles thereof 8.8 8.8 6.4 6.4 2.6 1.7
8012 Tinandarticles thereof 10.0 7.7 6.3 6.3 2.7 1.7
8175 Other basemetals 3.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
8292 Tools, implements andcutlery ofbasemetal, etc. 16.9 13.7 10.8 10.8 7.6 3.9
8375 Miscellaneous articles ofbasemetal 23.4 21.6 15.9 16.2 11.1 5.0
84700 Nuclear reactors, boilers, mach./mech. appl., parts 9.9 8.0 5.3 5.5 3.4 1.2
85515 Elec. mach., equipment, parts thereof, sound recorder 19.6 16.9 11.2 11.9 7.9 3.1
8624 Rail/tramway locomotives, rolling-stock, parts thereof 5.0 5.0 3.8 3.8 3.1 3.1
87312 Vehicles o/trail/tramway rolling-stock, parts &accs 35.3 26.7 35.4 35.6 32.9 4.1
8818 Aircraft, spacecraft, andparts thereof 9.2 5.8 1.7 1.7 0.6 0.4
8935 Ships, boats andfloating structures 10.1 6.8 4.3 4.3 2.3 0.9
90201 Optical, photo., cine., measuring, checking, precision 6.3 5.8 2.2 2.2 1.4 0.9
9159 Clocks andwatches andparts thereof 4.3 2.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.2
9223 Musical instruments; parts andaccess ofsucharticles 15.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.4
9321 Arms andammunition, parts andaccessories thereof 15.3 15.3 15.0 15.0 11.4 11.4
9481 Furniture, bedding, mattress, mattr.support, cushion 27.5 21.2 17.4 17.4 7.7 4.2
9565 Toys, games &sports requisites, parts &accessories 11.6 7.7 8.0 10.7 8.3 3.0
9688 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 20.1 18.6 17.4 18.1 ... ...
9710 Works ofart,collectors pieces andantiques 14.0 14.5 6.5 6.5 ... ...
... Notavailable.
a NoAVEs arecalculated directly forAFTA ratesexpressed asspecific, mixed oralternative duties. However, some products
ontheGeneral Exclusion Listwereexpressed asamargin ofpreference overspecific MFN duties forwhich AVEs wereavailable.
Forthese products aswellasfor"sensitive" and"highly sensitive" unprocessed rawmaterials which arenotyetincluded inthe
AFTA schedules, AVE estimates were included.
b Estimates ofadvalorem equivalents of96specific duties, 157mixed duties and62alternative duties wereprovided bytheMalaysian
authorities totheWTO Secretariat (section(2)(ii)(a)).
Source: WTO Secretariat, based ondataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 153
Table AIII.2
Tariff quotas included inMalaysia 'sWTO Schedule XXXIX
Product Tariff lines
listed in
Schedule
XXXIXIn-quota
tariff bindings
(%)Out-of-quota
tariff bindings
(%)Out-of-quota
applied tariffs
1996
(%)Quota limit
1995In-quota
imports
1995
Liveswine 0103.91.000
0103.92.00015 20.7aNil 17,267 head Nil
Meat ofswine, fresh,
chilled orfrozen,
carcasses andhalf
carcasses0203.11.000
0203.12.000
0203.19.000
0203.21.000
0203.22.000
0203.29.00040 138.6aNil 1,036 mt.s Nil
Meat ofedible offal,
salted, dried orsmoked,
hams, swine shoulders
andcutsthereof0210.11.100
0210.11.900160 167,87%aNil 942metric
tonsNil
Meat ofedible offal,
salted, dried orsmoked,
hams. Other swine meat0210.12.000
0210.19.100
0210.19.200
0210.19.000120 138.6%aNil 753metric
tonsNil
Livepoultry fowls ofthe
species gallus domesticus,
onedayoldchicks0105.11.000 20% 29.7%aNil 1,399,500
head1,332,494 head
Livepoultry ofthe
species gallus domesticus,
ducks, geese andguinea
fowls0105.11.900
0105.19.100
0105.19.900
0105.91.000
0105.99.100
0105.99.90015-30 23.4-34.2aNil 1,116,250
head101,000 head
Chicken, live,eggs, meat
andproducts: meat,
fresh, frozen andchilled0207.10.100
0207.10.200
0207.10.900
0207.21.000
0207.22.000
0207.23.00050 56.7aNil 2,799 mt. 1,451.22 mt.
Chicken, live,eggs, meat
andproducts: fattylivers
ofgeese, ducks0207.31.000
0207.39.210
0207.39.290
0207.41.200
0207.50.00060 63aNil 67mt. Nil
Chicken, live,eggs, meat
andproducts: other
poultry cuts, fresh,
chilled0207.39.11
0207.41.11070 74.2a
Chicken, live,eggs, meat
andproducts: other
poultry cuts, fresh,
chilled0207.39.119
0207.39.190
0207.41.190
0207.42.000
0207.43.00080 85.0aNil 600mt. Nil
Liquid milk 0401.10.920
0401.20.920
0401.30.19250 54.5aNil 600,000 litre 58,986.8 litre
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 154Trade Policy Review
Product Tariff lines
listed in
Schedule
XXXIXIn-quota
tariff bindings
(%)Out-of-quota
tariff bindings
(%)Out-of-quota
applied tariffs
1996
(%)Quota limit
1995In-quota
imports
1995
Liquid cream 0401.30.292 5 54.5aNil 90,000 kg. Nil
Birds'eggs, inshell,
fresh, preserved or
cooked0407.00.111
0407.00.112
0407.00.119
0407.00.192
0407.00.199
0407.00.210
0407.00.220
0407.00.290
0407.00.910
0407.00.920
0407.00.19150 55.8a5 47,000,000
unitsNil
Hens eggs 0407.00.191 50% 55.8a5% 47,000,000
units1,994,000 units
Round cabbages 0704.90.110 10% 90 Nil 25,812 mt. 28,000 mt.
Coffee beans, unroasted 0901.11.000 5% 68.7aNil 9,873 mt. 15,271,98 mt.
Wheat ormeslin flour 1101.00.000 5% 95aNil 13,452 mt. 2,529 mt.b
Cane orbeetsugar, in
soldform1701.91.910
1701.91.920
1701.91.930
1701.01.940
1701.91.950
1701.99.100
1701.99.200
1701.99.300
1701.99.400
1701.99.5005%+
RM220.46
pertonne5%or
RM112.5 per
tonne -
whichever is
thehigheraNil 17,400 mt. 22mt.c
Unmanufactured tobacco;
tobacco refuse2401.10.100
2401.10.900
2401.20.100
2401.20.900
2401.30.0005%+
RM50.00
perkg.5%+
RM150.00
perkg.a5%+
RM50.000
perkg.2,500,000 14,689,340 kg.d
a Special safeguard applies.
b 1,031,566 mt.ofwheat grain wasalsoimported.
c 10053,303 mt.ofrawsugar wasalsoimported.
d 5,035,775 kg.forlocal consumption and9,653,565 kg.forre-export.
Source: Government ofMalaysia (1995), Customs Duties Order 1996, Kuala Lumpur; WTO (1994), Uruguay Round ofMultilateral Trade
Negotiations, Volume 12,Schedule XXXIX -Malaysia, Geneva; andWTO document G/AG/N/MYS/4, 10July1996.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 155
Table AIII.3
Import dutycollection, 1995 and1996
Item 1995 (RM'000) 1996 (RM'000)
Total 5,626,045 6,198,008
Petroleum products:
Petrol 1,310,700 1,518,436
Diesel 232,231 180,539
Lubricating oilandgrease 569 403
Fueloil 1,008 289
LPG 106 0
Other petroleum products 1,629 1,4734
Motor vehicles andproducts:
CBU cars 519,803 837,780
CKD cars 585,990 545,882
Mother vehicles 185,722 269,863
Vehicles spare parts 190,124 203,493
Tobacco, cigars andcigarettes 250,751 286,583
Machines andspare parts 174,774 244,696
Clothing andtextiles 123,757 120,864
Steel 101,279 119,349
Liquor 114,316 114,056
Resin andplastic materials 100,585 105,239
Other construction materials 22,496 55,162
Audio electronic equipment 32,637 52,927
Furniture 21,159 41,269
Household electric appliances 21,616 38,999
Fresh fruits 30,026 36,459
Refrigerators 23,401 29,794
Glass andglassware 23,377 23,356
Passenger duties 12,139 13,390
Canned food 13,258 12,173
Tiles 8,005 7,748
Chemicals 2,754 7,499
Lock andkeys 6,786 7,328
Beer 2,265 7,295
Televisions 4,718 6,514
Fertilizer 8,630 6,139
Musical instruments 2,562 2,986
Video players 876 1,641
Preserved anddried fruits 2,002 1,497
Medicines 2,947 980
Animal feed 84 0
Other 1,503,092 1,309,296
... Notavailable.
Source: Information provided bytheMalaysian authorities.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 156Trade Policy Review
Table AIII.4
Products subject toimport licensing requirements, andlicensing authority, 1997
Description Ministry, Department, orStatutory Body
issuing licenceAutomatic/
non-automatic
Second Schedule (Conditional Prohibition)
Allgoods originating from theFederal
Republic ofYugoslavia (Serbia and
Montenegro)Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Nonautomatic
Allgoods imported from Israel Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Riceandpaddy Ministry ofAgriculture Non-automatic asrice
imports areastate-trading
monopoly
(Chapter III(2)(iv)).
Sugar Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic forallexcept for
caneorbeetsugar insolid
form forwhich licensing is
non-automatic.
Natural barium sulphate Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic except forthose
usedintheoilandgas
industry.
Magnetic tapewebs forvideo andsound
recordingMinistry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Rough wood Malaysian Timber Industry Board Non-automatic
Safety helmets except asworn bymotorcyclists Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Ricemilling machinery Ministry ofAgriculture Non-automatic
Automatic cassette orcartridge loaders and
partsMinistry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Single colour copying machines Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Apparatus orequipment tobeattached toor
connect toapublic telecommunications network
orsystemTelecommunications Department Automatic
(Chapter IV(5)(iii))
Some radio communications apparatus Telecommunications Department Non-automatic
(Chapter IV(5)(iii))
Motor cycles andpassenger cars(including
completely-knocked-down units)Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic forchasis and
bodies ofmotor vehicles,
non-automatic formotor
vehicles fortransport of
persons, goods ormaterials.
High-speed duplicators andparts thereof
(Malaysian HStariff line8520.90.90)Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Filmortapes formagnetic recording Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Saccharin anditssalts Ministry ofHealth Non-automatic
Unmanufactured tobacco Ministy ofPrimary Industries Non-automatic
Road tractors forsemitrailors (including
comletely knocked-down units)Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Parabolic antennae andequipment, including
parts thereofTelecoms Department Non-automatic
(Chapter IV(5)(iii))
Acelfame K Ministry ofHealth Non-automatic
Substances covered bytheMontreal Protocol Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Third Schedule (Conditional Prohibition -Protective measures)
Liquid milkinanyform Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Cabbage Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority Non-automatic
Coffee, notroasted Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority Non-automatic
Table AIII.4 (cont'd)Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 157
Description Ministry, Department, orStatutory Body
issuing licenceAutomatic/
non-automatic
Cereal flours Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Portland cement imported intoSabah and
SarawakMinistry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Automatic
Activated clayandbleached earth Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Kain sarong batik Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Billets ofironorsteel Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Barsandrods Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Some alloy steelandhighcarbon steel Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Non-electric stranded wire, cables, cordage,
ropes, plainted bands andthelike.Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Insulated electric wire, cable, barsandstripan
thelikeMinistry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Fourth Schedule (Conditional Prohibition)
Domestic animals, liveordeadorparts thereof Director General ofVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Pest, includin anyinvertebrate animal, fungus,
bacterium orother organism which iscabable
ofbeing injurious toplantsDirector General ofAgriculture forPeninsular
Malaysia ortheDirector ofAgriculture for
Sabah andSarawakNon-automatic
Anyinvertebrate animal, fungus, bacterium or
other organismDirector General ofAgriculture forPeninsular
Malaysia ortheDirector ofAgriculture for
Sabah andSarawak andaphytosantiry
certificate from thecountry ofexportNon-automatic
Anyanimal orbirdother thanadomestic
animal orfowl, whether deadoraliveTheWildllife Department andtheDepartment
ofVeterinary ServicesNon-automatic
Livefish Director General oftheFisheries Department Non-automatic
Milk andmilkproducts Director General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Lard, other pigfat,poultry fat,rendered or
solvent extractedDirector General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Fatsofbovine cattle, sheep orgoats Director General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Lard stearin, oleostearin andtallow stearin and
lardoil,oleooil,andtallow oilDirector General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Other animal oilsandfats Director General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Sausages andthelikeofmeat, meat offalor
animal bloodDirector General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Plants forconsumption orprocessing Director General ofAgriculture forPeninsular
Malaysia ortheDirector ofAgriculture for
Sabah andSarawak andaphytosantiry
certificate from thecountry ofexportNon-automatic
Meat extracts andmeat juices Director General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Cigaretts Alabelling requirement isenforced bythe
Customs DepartmentAutomatic
Soilinwhich plants maybegrown, including
rooting compost andgrowing mediaDirector General ofAgriculture forPeninsular
Malaysia ortheDirector ofAgriculture for
Sabah andSarawakNon-automatic
Fertilizers-of animal origin Director General oftheVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Bullet-proof vests, steelhelmets andother
articles intended asprotection against attackChief Police Officer
Allhousehold andagricultural pesticides Pesticides Board, Ministry ofAgriculture Non-automatic
Table AIII.4 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 158Trade Policy Review
Description Ministry, Department, orStatutory Body
issuing licenceAutomatic/
non-automatic
Some electrical aparatus Director General oftheDepartment of
Electricity Supply Malaysia inthecaseof
Peninsular Malaysia andSabah orthe
equivalent counterpart inSarawak conforming
thestandard oftheequipment.Non-automatic
Safety seatbelts Certificate from thestandard organisation or
recognized certificate agencyAutomatic
Imitation arms including hand granades toy
gunsandpistolsChief Policy Officer Non-automatic
Toxic and/hazardous wastes Director General ofEnvironmental quality Non-automatic
Coral alive ordeadexcept those which have
beenprocessed andusedasjewelleryDirector General forWild LifeandNational
ParksNon-automatic
Apparatus orequipment forthebrewing ofbeer
inhomesDirector-General ofCustoms Automatic
Poultry Director General ofVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Meat andoffals, fresh orpreserved Director General ofVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Birds nests; eggsofpoultry, birds and
testudinate, excluding turtle eggsDirector General ofVeterinary Services Non-automatic
Acetyl bromide Ministy ofHealth Non-automatic
Acetic anhydride Ministry ofHealth Non-automatic
Fireworks, including firecrackers Police Department Non-automatic
Explosives Police Department Non-automatic
Multicolour photocopying machines andtoner
forthese machinesMinistry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Equipment abletoproduce asound or
resembline thesound ofasirenPolice Department Non-automatic
Arms andamunition Police Department Non-automatic
Shotgun cartridges Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry Non-automatic
Coin ordiscoperated amusement machines,
including video machinesMinistry ofFinance Non-automatic
Source: Customs (Prohibition ofImports) Order 1988 (P.U.(A)408/1987).Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 159
Table AIII.5
Products subject toexport licensing requirements, andlicensing authority, 1997
Description Ministry, Department, orStatutory Body
issuing licence
Second Schedule
Domestic animals, alive ordead Veterinary Department
Poultry, liveordeadoranypartthereof Veterinary Department
Eggs ofpoultry, birds andtestudinata, excluding turtle eggs Veterinary Department
Cockles, whether inshellornot Fisheries Department
Liveprawns/shrimps Fisheries Department
Livefish Fisheries Department
Milk andmilkproducts Ministrie ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Some plants Agricultural Department
Rubber budwood andseeds Ministry ofPrimary Industries
Oilpalm living tissues Ministry ofPrimary Industries
Pineapple slipsandpineapple, fresh chilled andpreserved byfreezing Lembaga perusahaan Nenas Tanah Melayu
Vegetables inexcess ofthree kg.perconsignment Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority
Riceandpaddy Ministry ofAgriculture
Oilsandfatsofpalm oilexcluding margerine, initation gheeshortening and
palm kernel oilMinistry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Cocoa beans Malaysian Cocoa Board
Minerals andoresofallkinds Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Cement clincker Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Portland cement Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Waste andscrap ofiron, steelandzincandother metals Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Tinslagandhardhead oftin Ministry ofPrimary Industry
Zincdust, powders andflakes Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Naphtha Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Acetic anhydride andacethyl chloride Ministry ofHealth
Cinematograph filmexposed butnotdeveloped Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Roofing tiles Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Logs andsome wood products Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Waste paper andpaperboard Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Textile andclothing exports totheEU,theUnited States, Canada, Norway and
TurkeyMinistry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Military clothing andequipment Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Bricks Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Unwrought tin,unalloyed Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Sugar Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Billets ofironornon-alloy steel Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Barsandrodsofironorsteel Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Starfruitexports tosome countries Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority
Carica papaya L.BarEksotika Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority
Allexports toIsrael Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Some exports toLybia Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry
Ephedrine andpseudoephedrine aswellastheirsalts Ministry ofHealth
Table AIII.5 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 160Trade Policy Review
Description Ministry, Department, orStatutory Body
issuing licence
Third Schedule
Anyanimal orbirdother thanadomestic animal ordomestic fowl, whether
deadoraliveWidllife Department andtheDepartment of
Veterinary Services
Skins andother parts ofbirds Widllife Department andtheDepartment of
Veterinary Services
Lard, other pigfatpoultry fat,rendered orsolvent extracted Director General ofVeterinary Servivces
Fatsofbovine cattle, sheep orgoats Director General ofVeterinary Servivces
Lard stearin andoil,oleastearin andoilaswellastallow stearin andoil Director General ofVeterinary Servivces
Oither animal fatsandoils Director General ofVeterinary Servivces
Sausage andthelikeofmeat, meat offalandanimal blood Director General ofVeterinary Servivces
Meat extracts andmeat juices Director General ofVeterinary Servivces
Fertilizers ofanimal origin Director General ofVeterinary Servivces
Arms andammunition asdefined intheArms Act1960 Police Department
Antiquities Director General oftheMuseum Department,
theDirector oftheSabah Museum andthe
Director oftheSarawak Museum
Collections andcollectors 'pieces ofzoological, botanical, mineralogical,
anatomical, historical, archeological, paleontological, ethnographic or
numismatic interestDirector General oftheMuseum Department,
theDirector oftheSabah Museum andthe
Director oftheSarawak Museum
Toxic and/or hazardous wastes Director General ofEnvironmental Quality,
Malaysia
Coral alive ordeadexcept those which havebeenprocessed andusedas
jewelleryDirector General forWildlife andNational
Parks
Wheat ormeslin flour ofmore than2kg.perperson Controller ofSupplies, Ministry ofDomestic
Trade andConsumer Affairs
Certain pesticides Pesticides Board, Ministry ofAgriculture
Source: Customs (Prohibition ofImports) Order 1988 (P.U.(A)408/1987).Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 161
Table AIII.6
Exports covered under thecredit insurance provided byMECIB, 1992-96
(RMmillion unless otherwise stated)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Comprehensive policies
Newpolicies 107 91 53 50 39
Newpolicies (value) 823 485 390 343 278
Policies inforce 353 249 192 196 199
Face value insured 2,820 1,701 1,099 946 1,175
Exports insured 507 489 576 699 372
Premium income RM 1.47 1.46 1.48 1.48 1.49
Average rate(senperRM100) 0.29 0.3 0.26 0.21 0.4
Exports insured, byregion
Western Europe 125 117 109 88 77
Eastern Europe 30 3 1 2 2
Asean countries 117 88 93 61 72
Other countries inAsia 88 97 196 359 110
Middle Eastcountries 46 43 53 44 42
Australia andNewZealand 36 42 34 18 20
North American countries 42 73 73 58 43
Central andSouth America 2 4 5 4 1
Africa 19 20 11 85 5
Oceania 2 2 1
Total 507 489 575 699 372
Exports insured, byproduct
Food 50 43 41 34 64
Beverages andtobacco 1 1
Crude materials, inedibles, etc. 42 17 18 24 65
Mineral fuel,lubricants, etc.
Animal andvegetable oils,fatsandwaxes 35 35 36 30 4
Chemical andrelated products 8 12 13 20 26
Manufactured goods bymaterials 117 113 136 156 102
Machinery andtransport equipment 118 78 49 224 18
Miscellaneous manufactured articles 136 189 283 209 93
Commodities andtransactions n.c.e. 1 1 1
Repairing shipservices
Total 507 489 576 699 372
Source: Dataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 162Trade Policy Review
Table AIII.7
Malaysia 'sexports receiving GSPtreatment, byproduct category andtrading partner, 1993-96
(RMmillion)
1993 1994 1995 1996
Byproduct categorya19,124 23,127 23,138 24,728
Electrical andelectronic products 6,072 7,289 6,119 4,995
Machinery andtransport equipment 1,857 2,491 3,392 5,624
Palm oilandrelated products 1,518 2,069 2,401 2,933
Rubber goods 1,285 1,603 1,686 1,322
Furniture andparts 783 1,158 1,035 1,038
Chemical products 445 731 825 1,521
Metal products 579 772 660 528
Jewellery andprecious stones 109 124 660 137
Wood manufactures 634 744 629 595
Plastic products 366 538 593 562
Others 5,477 5,608 5,139 5,472
Bytrading partner
European Union 9,494 11,562 12,560 17,074
Austria 71 61 62 73
Belgium 402 722 471 512
Denmark 165 244 262 301
Finland 25 43 37 78
France 811 1,049 990 1,561
Germany 2,252 2,539 2,669 2,879
Greece 65 76 113 134
Ireland 144 148 198 333
Italy 1,268 729 922 1,122
Luxembourg 1 1 1 1
Netherlands 1,431 1,879 2,369 4,854
Portugal 63 71 79 106
Spain 249 322 486 481
Sweden 139 189 201 376
United Kingdom 2,408 3,491 3,701 4,263
Norway 46 45 66 64
Switzerland 84 91 112 105
Bulgaria 0 0 0 2
Czech andSlovak Republics 1 3 16 24
Hungary 18 34 36 78
Poland 0 1 0.4 0
Russia 34 105 142 84
Australia 58 81 21
Canada 477 541 511 216
Japan 2,486 3,050 3,350 3,787
NewZealand 18 15 13.0 5
United States 5,522 5,921 3,979 1,085
a Datainclude Malaysia 'sexports which receive preferential treatment under ASEAN Cumulative Rules ofOrigin
(Chapter II(3)(iii)).
Source: Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry (1996), Malaysia International Trade andIndustry Report 1995/96,
Kuala Lumpur anddataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 163
Table AIII.8
Investments inthemanufacturing sector bytaxincentive category, 1990-96
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994a1995 1996
Total number ofapplications toMIDA 1,264 877 861 856 1,018 1,116 914
Number ofprojects approved byMIDA 906 973 874 686 870 898 782
Pioneer status (percentoftotalapproved
projects)48.6 41.5 19.8 21.4 22.5 20.5 18.7
Investment taxallowance (percentoftotal
approved projects)9.3 5.1 3.9 6.9 8.2 7.3 9.0
Without taxincentives (percentoftotal
approved projects)42.2 53.3 76.3 71.7 69.0 72.2 72.4
Value oftotalapplications toMIDA
(RMmillion)48,797 31,581 22,631 18,889 24,363 26,870 41,721
Value oftotalprojects approved byMIDA
(RMmillion)28,168 30,818 27,775 13,753 22,951 20,869 34,258
Pioneer status (percentoftotalapproved
projects)79.5 54.6 14.1 13.6 32.8 24.9 30.8
Investment taxallowance (percentoftotal
approved projects)11.5 17.8 28.5 39.0 25.8 29.0 26.9
Without taxincentives (percentoftotal
approved projects)9.0 27.6 57.4 47.5 41.5 46.1 42.3
Investment perperson employed (RM'000)
Projects withpioneer status 214.4 193.4 193.4 93.5 164.2 132.4 441.9
Projects withinvestment taxallowance 143.7 285.3 808.1 607.1 503.2 541.5 850.3
Projects without taxincentives 59.2 116.3 220.3 99.2 120.9 143.2 258.2
a In1994, three projects withatotalcapital investment ofRM2million andapotential employment of200people, were
granted anindustrial adjustment allowance.
Source: Calculated from Bank Negara Malaysia (1996), Quarterly Bulletin, Vol.11,No.1,FirstQuarter, p.P-100.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 164Trade Policy Review
Table AIII.9
Actions taken under theCopyright Act1987, 1987-97
Year Work Complaints
received
No.Actions
taken
No.Actions
resulting
incases
No.Value of
goods seized
(RM'000)Concluded cases
No. (RM'000)
1987 Film 68 68 39 125.5 )
Music 9 9 8 806.8 )
Literary works 0 0 0 0 ) 0 0
Artistic works 0 0 0 0 )
Computer 0 0 0 0 )
Total 77 77 47 932.2
1988 Film 667 667 337 830.8 )
Music 247 247 151 220.0 )
Literary works 12 12 5 79.1 ) 1 270.0
Artistic works 11 11 10 622.0 )
Computer 0 0 0 0 )
Total 937 937 503 1,751.9 1 270.0
1989 Film 689 689 381 565.6 )
Music 137 137 85 744.2 )
Literary works 5 5 4 82.3 ) 55 73.8
Artistic works 5 5 5 2.1 )
Computer 8 8 6 2.5 )
Total 844 844 481 1,396.8 55 73.8
1990 Film 459 459 362 419.4 )
Music 111 111 68 496.3 )
Literary works 17 17 11 35.8 ) 91 72.0
Artistic works 12 12 11 63.3 )
Computer 0 0 0 0 )
Total 599 599 452 1,014.9 91. 72.0
1991 Film 366 366 322 720.6 )
Music 52 52 47 643.8 )
Literary works 5 5 5 45.3 ) 100 128.6
Artistic works 11 11 10 26.3 )
Computer 5 5 5 548.0 )
Total 439 439 389 1,984.1 100 128.6
1992 Film 446 446 442 2,035.0 )
Music 25 25 25 482.9 )
Literary works 3 3 3 26.1 ) 90 63.1
Artistic works 3 3 3 7.1 )
Computer 2 2 2 50.0 )
Total 479 479 475 2,601.1 90 63.1
1993 Film 844 844 831 4,516.1 )
Music 80 80 77 859.0 )
Literary works 20 20 20 277.4 ) 98 56.0
Artistic works 1 1 1 115.4 )
Computer 3 3 3 35.3 )
Total 748 748 732 5,688.0 98 56.0
Table AIII.9 (cont'd)Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 165
Year Work Complaints
received
No.Actions
taken
No.Actions
resulting
incases
No.Value of
goods seized
(RM'000)Concluded cases
No. (RM'000)
1994 Film 505 505 450 1,071.2 )
Music 115 115 108 524.8 )
Literary works 12 12 10 8.9 ) 145 112.8
Artistic works 17 17 17 172.6 )
Computer 11 11 8 133.2 )
Total 660 660 633 1,910.8 14
5112.8
1995 Film 417 417 417 2,045.8 )
Music 49 49 49 356.7 )
Literary works 5 5 5 570.0 ) 519 240.6
Artistic works 10 10 10 26.1 )
Computer 10 10 10 95.3 )
Total 491 491 491 2,524.6 519 240.6
1996 Film 417 414 414 1,747.2 )
Music 16 16 16 268.9 )
Literary works 16 16 16 29.8 ) 279 506.0
Artistic works 17 17 17 65.7 )
Computer 4 4 4 24.2 )
Total 470 467 467 2,185.7 279 506.0
1997
1.1to Film 48 48 48 111.0 )
5.3 Music 0 0 0 0 )
Literary works 0 0 0 0 ) 42 26.0
Artistic works 2 2 2 4.9 )
Computer 8 8 8 31.4 )
Total 58 58 58 117.8 42 26.1
Total 5,002 5,799 4,728 22,087.8 1,878 1,279.1
Source: Dataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 166Trade Policy Review
Table AIII.10
Country oforigin ofowners ofpatent andutility innovation granted, October 1986 -December 1996
Country 1986-90 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Total
Australia 19 44 57 41 40 43 52 296
Austria 0 2 5 6 3 3 2 21
Barbados 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Belgium 1 5 8 11 14 17 9 65
Bermuda 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Brazil 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Canada 6 19 12 6 15 14 12 84
China 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 4
Chinese Taipei 6 2 6 10 26 37 68 15
Denmark 1 2 21 3 6 3 2 38
Finland 1 0 1 1 3 1 7 14
France 13 31 29 46 54 82 53 308
Germany 21 47 58 52 83 108 84 453
Greece 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Hong Kong 2 1 1 1 4 1 5 15
Hungary 0 3 2 3 2 5 2 17
India 0 0 4 1 1 2 2 10
Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2
Italy 2 6 12 20 33 22 18 113
Japan 173 290 202 293 348 330 309 1,945
Korea, Rep. of 0 2 4 3 48 32 44 133
Liberia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Liechtenstein 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4
Luxembourg 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2
Malaysia 31 29 10 14 21 29 78 212
Mexico 1 0 1 1 3 4 0 10
Netherlands 16 24 24 27 48 52 62 253
Neth. Antilles 0 3 1 3 7 1 0 15
NewZealand 4 4 6 2 6 5 4 31
Norway 4 3 4 3 9 10 15 48
Panama 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3
Philippine 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
Russia 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 5
Singapore 2 2 10 9 4 3 10 40
South Africa 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 6
Spain 0 2 0 2 3 2 1 10
SriLanka 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Sweden 11 15 23 21 19 17 33 139
Switzerland 34 55 36 53 39 59 59 335
Thailand 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4
United Kingdom 74 99 133 120 147 157 138 868
United States 232 355 459 529 637 707 717 3,636
Venezuela 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Total 656 1,050 1,134 1,284 1,629 1,753 1,796 9,302
Source: Dataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 167
Table AIII.11
Trade mark registrations, 1992-96
CountryYear
Total (%)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Argentina 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.004
Australia 41 46 111 194 100 492 1.810
Austria 2 6 24 33 8 73 0.269
Bahamas 1 5 15 28 2 51 0.188
Bahrain 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.004
Barbados 0 0 4 3 2 9 0.033
Belgium 4 17 42 36 15 114 0.419
Bermuda 2 3 11 8 3 27 0.099
Brazil 0 2 7 12 2 23 0.085
British Virgin Islands 0 0 5 17 6 28 0.103
British West Indies 0 3 7 2 1 13 0.048
Brunei D.S. 1 0 1 5 5 12 0.044
Canada 11 9 21 56 28 125 0.460
Canary Islands 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.004
Cayman Islands 0 0 4 2 0 6 0.022
Channel Islands 0 0 2 3 4 9 0.033
Chile 0 3 0 1 0 4 0.015
China 9 50 77 112 42 280 1.067
Chinese Taipei 15 27 120 186 88 436 1.604
Cuba 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.004
Czechoslovakia 2 0 2 2 1 7 0.026
Denmark 15 24 62 72 19 192 0.706
Finland 5 7 27 24 7 70 0.258
France 126 174 527 490 197 1,514 5,570
Germany 95 208 582 468 181 1,534 5.644
Gibraltar 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.004
Greece 1 4 0 2 0 7 0.026
Hong Kong 36 36 84 186 79 421 1.549
Hungary 8 9 25 18 4 64 0.235
Iceland 0 0 0 2 0 2 0.007
India 1 3 17 36 12 69 0.254
Indonesia 2 7 12 22 32 75 0.276
Ireland 2 3 5 7 6 23 0.085
Israel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000
Italy 43 65 262 230 108 708 2.605
Japan 215 346 796 976 409 2,742 10.089
Korea (Democratic Republic of) 1 6 15 37 31 90 0.331
Korea (Republic of) 1 21 56 54 12 144 0.530
Kuwait 0 1 5 0 0 6 0.022
Liechtenstein 4 28 9 13 10 64 0.235
Luxembourg 0 0 6 9 3 18 0.066
Malaysia 342 766 1,789 2,399 1,258 6,554 24.114
Mexico 0 2 2 8 3 15 0.055
Table AIII.11 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 168Trade Policy Review
CountryYear
Total (%)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Montserrat 0 0 0 0 2 2 0.007
Netherlands 46 95 180 152 67 540 1.987
NewZealand 9 10 35 43 15 112 0.412
Norway 2 0 11 9 13 35 0.129
Panama 2 5 5 4 6 22 0.081
Philippines 0 0 6 11 1 18 0.066
Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.004
Russia 0 0 2 3 1 6 0.022
Samoa 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.004
Saudi Arabia 1 0 3 3 2 9 0.033
Singapore 77 147 288 448 226 1,186 4.364
Slovenia 0 0 9 0 0 9 0.033
South Africa 0 3 3 5 6 17 0.063
Spain 4 4 20 26 17 71 0.261
SriLanka 0 0 1 1 5 7 0.026
Sweden 6 31 80 81 36 234 0.861
Switzerland 64 150 347 277 139 977 3,595
Syria 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.004
Thailand 7 20 22 44 24 117 0.430
Turkey 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.004
United Arab Emirates 0 1 0 0 1 2 0.007
United Kingdom 212 340 680 607 251 2,080 7.653
United States 400 719 1,775 1,945 845 5,684 20.913
Venezuela 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.004
Yugoslavia 0 0 9 0 1 10 0.037
Total 1,817 3,397 8,213 9,414 4,338 27,179 100
Source: Information provided bytheMalaysian authorities.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 169
Table AIII.12
Actions taken under theTrade Descriptions Act1972, 1973-97
Year Number ofcases Value ofgoods seized
(RM'000)Fine
(RM'000)
1973 110 51.3 42.1
1974 25 30.9 5.5
1975 64 60.1 38.1
1976 68 52.0 29.4
1977 54 64.2 41.9
1978 71 83.6 43.6
1979 151 361.3 97.3
1980 144 16,528.0 77.7
1981 300 2,045.2 156.6
1982 283 455.0 256.2
1983 157 1,255.8 171.4
1984 187 701.3 139.5
1985 192 246.8 211.4
1986 257 384.9 266.7
1987 586 654.3 289.9
1988 924 1,057.4 520.8
1989 736 951.9 561.2
1990 608 918.2 715.9
1991 744 6,854.6 528.6
1992 866 3.987.0 384.1
1993 1,117 3,808.6 507.2
1994 737 2,474.0 498.6
1995 1,218 2,450.5 145.4
1996 1,189 7,805.8 170.3
1997 (until 8.3.97) 279 4,522.7 31.0
Total 11,067 57,805.4 5,930,4
Source: Dataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 170Trade Policy Review
Table AIII.13
Malaysia 'snotifications ofdraft Malaysian standards inaccordance withArticle 10.6oftheAgreement onTechnical Barriers to
Trade, January 1995 -March 1997
Notification Product covered Objective andrationale
G/TBT/Notif.95.195aCigarettes Protection ofhuman health
G/TBT/Notif.96.61 Taps Safety
G/TBT/Notif.96.92 Meters forcoldportable water Consumer protection
G/TBT/Notif.96.107 Plastic containers Safety
G/TBT/Notif.96.108 Plastic containers Safety
G/TBT/Notif.96.168 Bituminous materials Safety
G/TBT/Notif.96.169 Rubber threads Consumer protection andsafety
G/TBT/Notif.96.170 Bituminous materials Safety
G/TBT/Notif.96.211 Helmets Safety
G/TBT/Notif.96.271 Limestone, quicklime andhydrated lime Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.272 Pipes andfittings Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.273 Pipes andfittings Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.274 Pipes andfittings Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.275 Compressed natural gassystem Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.276 Bitumens Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.277 White refined sugar Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.278 Pipes andfittings Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.279 White refined sugar Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.280 Palm oilseed Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.96.281 Bitumens Notnotified
G/TBT/Notif.97.324 Unplasticized PVC pipes Quality
G/TBT/Notif.97.325 Unplasticized PVC pipes Quality
G/TBT/Notif.97.326 Unplasticized PVC pipes Quality
G/TBT/Notif.97.327 Unplasticized PVC pipes Quality
G/TBT/Notif.97.328 Unplasticized PVC pipes Quality
G/TBT/Notif.97.329 Unplasticized PVC pipes Quality
G/TBT/Notif.97.330 Unplasticized PVC pipes Quality
a Thisnotification concerned alabelling requirement andnotadraftMalaysian standard.
Source: WTO documents.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 171
Table AIII.14
Non-financial public enterprises (NFPEs)a,1996
Company Incorporated under theCompanies
ActorStatutory body
Cement Industries (Sabah) Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Felda OilProducts Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Golden Hope Plantation BerhadbIncorporated
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Incorporated
Kontena Nasional Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Kumpulan Guthrie BerhadbIncorporated
Lembaga Letrik Sabah Statutory body
Lembaga Pelabuhan Kuching Statutory body
Lembaga Pelabuhan Sabah Statutory body
Malaysia LNG Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Malaysian Rubber Development Corporation Berhad (MARDEC) Incorporated
Malaysian International Shipping Corporation Berhad (MISC)bIncorporated
Penang PortCommission Statutory body
Perbadanan Kilang FELDA Incorporated
Perbadanan Niaga FELDA Incorporated
Perbadanan Pengangkutan danPerusahaan Tabung Haji Statutory body
Pernas Edar Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Pernas International Hotels andProperties BerhadbIncorporated
Pernec Corporations Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Pernas Trading Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Perwaja Terengganu Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) Incorporated
Petronas Carigali Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Petronas Dagangan BerhadbIncorporated
Petronas Penapisan Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Sabah Energy Corporation Statutory body
Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation (SESCo) Statutory body
Sebor (Sabah) Sendirian Berhad Incorporated
Telekom Malaysia BerhadbIncorporated
Tenega Nasional BerhadbIncorporated
TheRoad Railer Services Berhad Incorporated
Urban Development Authority (UDA) Statutory body
a From theoriginal 56entities, thecurrent listexcludes 24agencies which were privatized/sold during the1988-95 period. In
1991, Fima Metal Box, Kedah Cement, Kumpulan Fima, MSE, PNSL, Pinang Shipbuilding andSabah Shipyard were sold.
In1992, L.P.Keland andSabah GasIndustries were sold. In1992, L.P.Bintulu, L.P.Johor andSabah Forest were sold.
In1994, MasandPerak Hanjoong were sold. In1995, Antara Steel Mill, Hicom andProton were sold. In1996, 31
NFPEs; Road Railers were sold.
b These companies were listed ontheKuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) andtheGovernment isstillthemajority
shareholder.
Source: Information provided bytheMalaysian authhorities.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 172Trade Policy Review
Table AIV.1
Malaysia 'smost-favoured-nation tariff rates, byISIC category, 1997
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
oflinesMFN rate(percent)a
1977Share of
linessubjet
toimport
licensing
1995 (%)Imports
1995
(US$ million)
Simple
averageRange Standard
deviation
Total
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry &fishing 1,741 2.9 0-907.4 34.1 78.0 1,952.5
11 Agriculture &hunting 367 11.9 0-907.4 73.3 18.2 1,708.6
12 Forestry &logging 1,298 0.1 0-30.0 1.7 97.1 63.3
121 Forestry 30 4.6 0-30.0 9.3 0.0 24.6
122 Logging 1,268 0.0 0-20.0 0.6 100.0 38.6
13 Fishing 76 6.1 0-20.0 9.2 3.2 180.7
1301 Ocean &coastal fishing 57 6.0 0-20.0 9.2 4.3 169.4
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 19 6.3 0-20.0 9.6 0.0 11.3
2 Mining &quarrying 125 1.0 0-30.0 3.9 10.8 915.2
21 Coalmining 4 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 0.0 84.4
22 Crude petroleum &natural gas
production3 1.7 0-5.0 2.9 0.0 151.7
23 Metal oremining 36 0.1 0-5.0 0.8 0.0 290.2
2301 Mining ofironores 4 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 0.0 91.9
2302 Non-ferrous oremining 32 0.2 0-5.0 0.9 0.0 198.4
29 Other mining 82 1.4 0-30.0 4.7 16.1 388.8
2901 Mining offeldspar 37 2.4 0-30.0 6.0 2.7 76.8
2902 Mining offertiliser &chemical
minerals13 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 35.7 46.6
2903 Saltmining 1 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 0.0 15.1
2909 Mining &quarrying, n.e.s. 31 0.8 0-20.0 3.7 24.2 250.3
3 Manufacturing excl. foodbeverage &
tobacco7,592 10.5 0-289.8 16.5 6.3 70,949.6
31 Manufacture offood, beverages &
tobacco850 24.0 0-1,772.4 125.5 15.5 2,280.6
311 Food manufacturing 704 6.2 0-58.2 8.8 15.6 1,698.9
3111 Meat products 114 2.0 0-25.0 5.7 55.2 164.0
3112 Dairy products 40 7.3 0-25.0 9.6 40.5 376.0
3113 Fruit &vegetable canning 197 8.9 0-58.2 10.1 0.0 157.3
3114 Fishproducts 100 10.4 0-20.0 9.4 0.0 128.8
3115 Manufacture ofoil&fats(veg. &
animal)151 2.2 0-30.4 3.9 2.8 270.5
3116 Grain millproducts 52 2.8 0-20.0 5.6 32.1 236.7
3117 Manufacture ofbakery products 22 13.4 0-20.0 8.4 0.0 22.3
3118 Sugar products 13 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 76.9 309.1
3119 Cocoa &chocolate confectionery 15 17.3 0-30.0 9.4 0.0 34.2
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 173
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
oflinesMFN rate(percent)a
1977Share of
linessubjet
toimport
licensing
1995 (%)Imports
1995
(US$ million)
Simple
averageRange Standard
deviation
312 Other foodn.e.s. &prepared animal
feeds95 4.7 0-25.0 7.9 14.5 402.0
3121 Other foodproducts, n.e.s. 88 5.1 0-25.0 8.1 16.1 316.9
3122 Manufacture ofprepared animal feeds 7 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 7.1 85.2
313 Beverages industries 37 280.4 0-1,735.6 414.1 12.5 116.2
3132 Manufacture ofwines 13 460.7 0-1,735.6 620.7 0.0 6.0
3133 Manufacture ofmaltliquors &malt 4 96.1 0-230.1 115.2 0.0 15.5
3134 Softdrinks &mineral waters 6 20.8 0-35.0 15.0 20.0 4.7
314 Tobacco products 14 375.9 5-1,772.4 457.1 28.0 63.5
32 Textile, wearing apparel &leather
industries1,208 17.4 0-288.5 12.7 2.6 1,983.8
321 Manufacture oftextile 945 17.5 0-288.5 13.4 0.1 1,674.0
3211 Textile spinn., weaving &finishing 581 15.5 0-77.1 10.1 0.1 1,182.3
3212 Made-up plastics textile goods 110 25.5 0-30.0 6.8 0.0 49.1
3213 Knitted &crocheted fabrics 132 20.0 20-20.0 0.0 0.0 271.1
3214 Carpets &rugs 43 16.6 0-35.0 15.1 0.0 28.1
3215 Cordage, rope, etc. 16 3.6 0-5.0 2.3 0.0 10.6
3219 Textiles, n.e.c. 63 21.0 0-288.5 36.2 0.0 132.7
322 Manufacture ofwearing apparel, except
footwear151 19.1 0-30.0 6.3 22.6 105.3
323 Leather products &furproducts except
footwear77 9.1 0-25.0 11.0 0.0 172.6
3231 Tanning &dressing ofleather 24 0.4 0-10.0 2.0 0.0 138.5
3232 Furdressing &dying 10 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9
3233 Leather products except footwear 43 16.0 0-25.0 10.3 0.0 31.2
324 Footwear (ex.rubber &plastic) 35 23.9 2-30.0 8.5 0.0 31.9
33 Wood &wooden products including
furniture847 4.1 0-40.0 9.2 0.0 218.0
331 Wood &wooden products excluding
furniture806 3.3 0-40.0 8.3 0.0 144.9
3311 Sawmills &woodmills 758 2.6 0-40.0 7.7 0.0 131.3
3312 Wooden casecontainers &caneware 14 17.9 5-25.0 6.4 0.0 5.5
3319 Wood &corkproducts 34 13.4 0-30.0 9.6 0.0 8.1
332 Furniture &fixtures (nonmainly in
metal)41 20.6 0-30.0 11.0 0.0 73.1
34 Paper &paper products; printing &
publishing247 10.9 0-30.0 10.5 1.8 1,455.2
341 Paper &paper products 201 10.7 0-30.0 10.6 2.2 1,300.7
3411 Pulp, paper &paperboard 114 8.5 0-30.0 10.3 2.2 886.1
3412 Containers, paperboxes, paperboard 10 19.0 5-25.0 8.4 20.0 39.1
3419 Articles, n.e.s. (stationery) 77 12.9 0-30.0 10.2 0.0 375.5
342 Printing &publishing 46 11.6 0-30.0 10.3 0.0 154.5
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 174Trade Policy Review
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
oflinesMFN rate(percent)a
1977Share of
linessubjet
toimport
licensing
1995 (%)Imports
1995
(US$ million)
Simple
averageRange Standard
deviation
35 Chemicals &chemical, petrol. coal
plast. &rub.prod.1,844 7.5 0-190.5 13.2 6.0 6,803.8
351 Industrial chemicals 1,035 6.7 0-53.3 10.9 4.8 4,580.3
3511 Basic industrial chemicals 587 1.2 0-53.3 4.8 2.9 2,227.7
3512 Fertilizers &pesticides 74 5.4 0-28.3 7.4 34.3 406.8
3513 Synthetic resins, plastic materials
except glass374 15.4 0-30.0 12.5 3.4 1,945.8
352 Other chemical products 564 3.6 0-164.3 10.4 9.8 1,389.9
3521 Paints, varnishes &lacquers 27 9.4 0-15.0 6.6 17.4 153.9
3522 Drugs &medicines 254 1.0 0-164.3 11.0 8.4 356.3
3523 Soaps 81 5.8 0-30.0 9.7 0.0 284.8
3529 Other chemicals, n.e.s. 202 5.2 0-50.0 9.5 13.5 594.8
353 Petroleum refineries 37 13.8 0-115.0 29.1 7.7 140.5
354 Petroleum &coalproducts 18 5.3 0-25.0 9.3 0.0 24.8
355 Rubber products 148 23.9 0-190.5 17.8 0.0 192.1
3551 Tyre &tubeindustries 51 23.0 5-30.0 11.2 0.0 48.3
3559 Rubber products, n.e.s. 97 24.4 0-190.5 20.5 0.0 143.7
356 Plastic products, n.e.s. 42 17.4 0-30.0 13.3 10.3 476.3
36 Non-metal mineral except petrol. &
coalproducts208 16.7 0-60.0 14.0 0.9 972.7
361 Pottery &china 21 17.1 0-30.0 11.1 0.0 213.1
362 Glass &glass products 83 18.5 0-50.00 13.7 0.0 364.6
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 104 15.1 0-60.0 14.6 1.8 395.0
3691 Structural clayproducts 21 23.0 0-60.0 21.2 0.0 94.5
3692 Cement, lime&plaster 9 14.4 0-25.0 12.6 22.2 153.3
3699 Non-metal. mineral products 74 12.9 0-30.0 11.7 0.0 147.2
37 Basic metal industries 680 5.7 0-37.7 9.6 8.9 7,034.3
371 Iron&steelindustries 459 7.0 0-37.7 10.0 10.8 3,338.6
372 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 221 3.0 0-30.0 8.1 5.1 3,695.7
38 Fabricated metal products, machinery &
equip.2,245 12.4 0-289.8 22.3 9.3 49,342.9
381 Fabricated metal products, except
machinery &equip.353 15.0 0-30.0 11.2 2.1 933.4
3811 Manufacture ofcutlery &hardware 116 14.1 0-25.0 10.2 0.0 202.0
3812 Metal furnitures &fixtures 22 12.8 0-30.0 12.5 0.0 31.3
3813 Structural metal products 38 15.9 0-30.0 10.3 4.8 182.1
3819 Fabricated metal prod. excpt mach. &
equip. n.e.s.177 15.7 0-30.0 11.8 3.4 518.0
382 Machinery except electrical 689 5.8 0-114.9 10.9 2.9 13,406.2
3821 Engines &turbines 13 0.4 0-5.0 1.4 0.0 814.8
3822 Agricultural machinery 17 3.5 0-25.0 8.2 0.0 60.1
3823 Metal &woodworking machinery 114 1.5 0-25.0 4.1 0.0 2631.0
Table AIV.1 (cont'd)Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 175
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
oflinesMFN rate(percent)a
1977Share of
linessubjet
toimport
licensing
1995 (%)Imports
1995
(US$ million)
Simple
averageRange Standard
deviation
3824 Special industrial machinery 163 2.6 0-25.0 6.1 2.9 4,128.4
3825 Office machinery 44 0.1 0-5.0 0.8 0.0 2,743.8
3829 Non-electrical machinery &equipment 338 9.8 0-114.9 13.4 4.5 3,028.1
383 Electrical machinery apparatus 518 12.1 0-289.8 17.2 7.7 26,423.2
3831 Electrical motors &apparatus 111 12.0 0-289.8 29.3 11.0 2,834.8
3832 Radio, television &communication
equipment195 8.3 0-50.0 11.8 11.1 22,101.5
3833 Electrical appliances &houseware 43 15.6 0-30.0 10.4 0.0 119.4
3839 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 169 15.8 0-36.1 11.2 3.8 1,367.5
384 Transport equipment 409 28.4 0-200.0 40.3 35.9 6,453.9
3841 Shipbuilding &repairing 37 4.1 0-25.0 9.3 0.0 698.3
3842 Railway &tramway 24 3.8 0-5.0 2.2 0.0 115.4
3843 Motor vehicles 247 38.7 0-200.0 46.9 53.5 2,836.6
3844 Motorcycles &bicycles 72 24.7 0-63.4 21.7 32.9 171.7
3845 Aircraft manufacture 21 0.0 0-0.0 0.0 0.0 2,619.4
3849 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 8 3.8 0-25.0 8.8 0.0 12.5
385 Prof. &scientific equipment 276 2.2 0-35.0 6.0 1.9 2,126.2
3851 Prof., scientif., measur. equipt. 136 1.8 0-30.0 5.2 0.0 1,271.5
3852 Photographic &optical goods 81 3.9 0-20.0 7.2 6.4 529.4
3853 Watches &clocks 59 1.1 0-35.0 5.6 0.0 325.4
39 Other manufacturing industries 313 11.7 0-173.1 17.8 6.1 858.3
3901 Jewellery &related articles 19 8.4 0-25.0 7.3 5.0 21.2
3902 Musical instruments 23 2.0 0-25.0 6.5 0.0 21.4
3903 Sporting goods 35 6.1 0-30.0 11.3 2.0 103.3
3909 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 236 13.8 0-173.1 19.4 7.8 712.5
4 Electrical energy 1 0.0 0-0.0 ... 0.0 0.0
40 Electrical energy 1 0.0 0-0.0 ... 0.0 0.0
... Notavailable.
a Including advalorem equivalents ofspecific, mixed andalternative duties asavailable.
Source: Calculations bytheWTO Secretariat based ondataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 176Trade Policy Review
Table AIV.2
Agricultural production, 1990-96
('000tonnes unless otherwise indicated)
Product 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Paddy 1,885 1,926 2,013 2,104 2,139 2,127 2,128
Fruits 1,444 1,714 1,715 1,897 1,942 2,045 2,173
Vegetables 609 627 737 735 784 791 839
Coconut oilb39.6 29.6 37.2 38.7 35.8 ... ...
Marine fisheries 951 911 1,023 1,047 1,065 1,108 1,083
Aquaculture 52.3 64.8 79.7 105.2 114.1 132.7 118.9
Beef 12.2 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.5 15.4 ...
Mutton 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 ...
Poultry 348.5 391.0 497.3 560.7 594.4 631.4 ...
Eggs (millions) 5,029 5,030 5,780 5,688 5,921 6,145 ...
Pork 197.3 204.8 222.4 231.1 249.3 246.6 ...
Milk (million littres) 26.2 26.8 27.7 29.2 30.9 31.9 ...
Selected industrial agricultural items
Crude palm oil 6,094.6 6,141.4 6,373.5 7,403.5 7,220.6 7,810.6 8,389.9
Cocoa beans 247.0 230.0 220.0 200.0 177.2 131.5 120.0
Rubber 1,291 1,257 1,173 1,074 1,107 1,089 1,089
Tobacco 10.2 9.2 11.2 9.7 6.1 10.3 11.7
Sawn timber ('000cubic metres) 9,156 8,926 9,482 9,200 8,793 9,176 9,000c
... Notavailable.
a Asreported inGovernment ofMalaysia (1996).
b Asreported Bank Negara Malaysia (1996).
c Estimate.
Note: Dataarenotdirectly comparable tothose presented inTable IV.1astheyarefrom adifferent source.
Source: Information provided bytheMalaysian authorities; Government ofMalaysia (1996), Seventh Malaysia Plan,
Kuala Lumpur, page230; andBank Negara Malaysia (1996), Quarterly Bulletin, FirstQuarter, Vol.11,No.1.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 177
Table AIV.3
Advisory andreview bodies covering agricultural policies
Organization Organization form Main tasks
Department ofVeterinary Services
under theMinistry ofAgriculturePublic Anagency under theMinistry ofAgriculture incharge
ofoverall regulation anddevelopment ofthelivestock
industry. Inthiscapacity alsoincharge ofimport and
export licensing oflivestock (Tables AIII.4 and5)
Special Committee onadministration of
import andexport licensing of
agricultural productsPublic Acommittee under theMinistry ofAgriculture in
charge ofreviewing ofalllicensing requirements for
agricultural products
Mardi Semi-public Research
Putra University ofMalaysia Semi-public Education andresearch
Forest Research Institute ofMalaysia Public Research
Department ofEnvironment Public Regulation andprotection ofenvironment withregard
topollution control.
Malaysian Veterinary Council Public Regulation ofveterinary profession
Poultry Consultative Committee Non-Governmetal
Organization (NGO)Regulation offarming andpromotion ofbetter practices
inthepoutry industry
Malaysian Society ofAnimal Production Non-Governmetal
Organization (NGO)Forum forthedevelopment ofanimal production
National Institute ofBiotechnology Semi-public Promotion anddevelopment ofnewtechnologies in
production andmanufacturing
Federation ofLivestock Farmers
Association ofMalaysiaPrivate Promotion andwelfare ofcommercial livestock farming
Swine Exporters Association of
MalaysiaPrivate Assistance andwelfare ofswine exporters
Source: Information provided bytheMalaysian authorities.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 178Trade Policy Review
Table AIV.4
Overview ofMalaysia 'smining sector, 1989-93
Item Year Oilandgas Tin Amang
retreat
mentGold Iron
oreCoal,
copper
and
bauxiteOther non-
ferrous metal
oremining
Output
(RMmillion)1989 11,009.2 652.6 97.0 27.8 4.7 ... ...
1990 14,836.8 428.9 71.9 32.1 7.8 179.8 13.4
1991 14,872.4 297.6 54.0 32.8 8.2 228.5 16.1
1992 13,814.8 222.2 58.5 34.9 10.9 181.7 17.1
1993 12,304.5 133.3 36.4 58.3 7.9 168.2 25.1
Value added
(RMmillion)1989 10,630.4 365.4 26.9 6.2 4.4 ... ...
1990 14,323.4 187.3 18.1 9.6 5.8 86.4 9.2
1991 14,025.2 133.4 20.4 10.0 6.4 121.3 9.4
1992 12,816.2 93.0 25.0 13.9 8.5 96.7 10.0
1993 11,541.9 58.1 15.9 45.9 6.3 83.2 19.0
Employment 1989 6,041 14,236 1,205 1,061 108 ... ...
1990 6,287 12,341 1,069 1,377 162 1,692 355
1991 6,693 7,760 902 1,128 221 1,514 330
1992 8,058 6,407 773 1,032 186 1,426 346
1993 8,327 3,812 605 931 208 1,574 324
Number offirms 1989 5 270 58 44 6 ... ...
1990 5 240 57 52 6 4 6
1991 5 114 51 39 7 4 7
1992 5 82 45 33 6 3 7
1993 7 59 34 32 8 3 8
... Notavailable.
Source: Government ofMalaysia, Annual Census ofMining, various issues.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 179
Table AIV.5
Performance ofselected manufacturing sectors, most recent yearavailable
Industry Production
1996a
(1988=100)Outputb
1994
(RM b.)Value
addedb
1994
(RM m.)Employ-
mentb
('000)Exportsc
1995
(RM m.)Domestic
contentd
1996
(%)Capacity
utilizationd
1996
(%)
Total (average) 275.9 180.0 36,615.7 1,084.8 147.5 63.8 76.3
Ofwhich:
Off-estate processing ... 2.5a339.9 12.7 ... 99.5 ...
Food manufacturing 162.1 20.4 2,013.7 58.7 3.2 59.9 72.5
Beverages 166.1 1.0 367.5 3.4 )
)
)0.475.9 ...
Tobacco 105.6 1.3 371.9 4.6 63 ...
Wood andwood products 219.1 4.2 1,000.5 54.4 5 45.9 71.8
Paper andpaper products ... 2.2 600.3 17.5 .... 63.8 76.5
Rubber products 203.6 7.2 1,686.6 68.8 3.3 70.1 83.7
Industrial chemicals 160 5.0 1,061.9 10.3 )
)
)6.3)
)
)84.6)
)
)76.5
Other chemicals 207.4 3.0 777.3 15.4
Petroleum andrefineries 189 4.2 1,059.0 2.2 )
)
)3.1)
)
)99.2...
Petroleum andcoolproducts ... 0.4 114.3 0.9 ...
Non-metallic mineral products 263.8 4.3 1,764.9 26.7 1.7 92.2 88.9
Textiles ... 4.7 1,370.0 43.7 )
)
)
))
)
)
))
)
)
)Wearing apparel ... 3.3 760.3 64.5 6.5 66 73.2
Footwear ... 0.1 22.4 1.7
Ironandsteel 272.6 6.7 668.6 17.5 )
)
)4.7f)
)
)54.8f)
)
)70.6f
Non-ferrous metal 163.7 2.0 369.2 7.1
Fabricated metal 582.3 6.1 1,597.3 45.4 ... 47.5 ....
Machinery except electrical 356.7 8.6 1,764.9 45.9 ... 51.2i
Electrical machineryg385.7 69.7 12,655.4 368.7 96.9j39.3h80e
Transport equipment 295.2 2.3 1,871.5 39.2 5.3i67 89e
... Notavailable.
a Malaysian Manufacturers 'Digest (1997), Industrial Production Indices oftheManufacturing Sector, Vol.14, No.1,p.5.
b National Productivity Corporation (1997), Productivity Report 1996, Kuala Lumpur.
c Government ofMalaysia (1996), Seventh Malaysia Plan, Kuala Lumpur, p.265.
d Dataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities
e Bank Negara Malaysia (1997) Survey ofManufacturing Companies 1996, Economics Department, Kuala Lumpur (mimeo),
p.xii.
f Basic metal products only.
g Including electronics.
h Electronics only.
i Machinery andelectrical appliances.
j Asexports andoutput arederived from different sources, theyarenotdirectly comparable.
Source: Aslisted above.WT/TPR/S/31
Page 180Trade Policy Review
Table AIV.6
Investment incentives, factor movements, technological developments andindustry concentration bymanufacturing sector, 1996
Industry Share of
investment
receiving
incentives
1996a
(%)Factor movementsbTechnology
transfer
agreements
1989-95c
(No.)Standards (share of
firms thatfullfils the
standard requirements
(%)bIndustry
concentrationd
Foreign
equity as
share of
total equity
(%)Foreign
labour as
share oftotal
labour
(%)ISO9000 SIRIM
Total (average) 51 11 985 54 30 ...
Ofwhich:
Off-estate processing ... 15 3 ... 29 14 C
Food manufacturing 49.5 11 13 43 54 39 C
Beverages 0.0 64 1 ... 50 0 ...
Tobacco 0.0 42 1 ... 33 0 O
Wood andwood
products82.1 9 17 ... 13 25 ...
Paper andpaper
products85.6 4 17 ... 60 0 ...
Rubber products 77.8 13 10 54 73 64 ...
Chemicals 58.9 54 4 132 58 36 O
Petroleum products 32.9 35 1 ... 67 33 ...
Non-metallic
mineral products15.4 30 17 51 71 71 C
Textiles andwearing
apparel5.3 76 25 27 8 8 C
Basic metal products 42.0 64 1 ... 50 50 O
Fabricated metal 46.6 64 7 50 50 21 O
Machinery and
electrical appliances56.9 71 14 30c52 40 O
Electronics 76.2 96 9 288b89 25 Ce
Transport equipment 63.4 36 5 125 25 13 C
C=competitive; O=oligopolistic.
... Notavailable.
a Calculated bytheWTO Secretariat from dataprovided bytheMalaysian authorities; including bothPioneer Status and
Investment TaxAllowance.
b Bank Negara Malaysia (1997) Survey ofManufacturing Companies 1996, Economics Department, Kuala Lumpur (mimeo).
c Ministry ofInternational Trade andIndustry (1996), Malaysian International Trade andIndustry Report 1995/96, Kuala
Lumpur.
d Markets areconsidered oligopolistic ifthemajority ofsurveyed firms indicate thattheywere operating inmarkets withno
more thaneight competitors asreported inBank Negara Malaysia (1997) Survey ofManufacturing Companies 1996,
Economics Department, Kuala Lumpur (mimeo).
e Companies operating inniche markets ofthecomputer industry (such asmanufacturing transformers, diskdrives, disks,
semi-conductors, silicon wafers, computer monitors, integrated circuits) indicated theexistence ofoligopolistic market
structures inthese sectors.
Source: Aslisted above.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 181
Table AIV.7
Utilization rates ofMalaysia exports under quota oftheWTO Agreement onTextiles andClothing, 1993-96
Description ofproduct
under quotaUnit
value1993 1994 1995 1996
Quota
(´000)Util.
(%)Quota
(´000)Util.
(%)Quota
(´000)Util.
(%)Quota
('000)Util.
(%)
United States:
Sewing thread andyarn kg. 212 99 225 94 239 1 257 0
Cotton andsynthetic fabrics sme 78,325 113 93,024 97 98,606 74 106,424 58
Cotton andsynthetic playsuits doz. 286 67 303 90 324 78 346 60
Carded andcombed yarns kg. 2,252 2 2,389 0 2,530 4 2,731 24
Cotton andsynthetic gloves dozen 1,546 86 1,639 73 1,707 83 1,875 81
Coats, jackets andsuits dozen 177 93 1,880 84 199 61 215 49
Cotton andsynthetic dresses dozen 344 60 365 102 390 117 417 110
Knitted shirts (polo andT-),shirts
andknitted blousesdozen 813 103 862 105 968 106 1,035 116
Woven shirts dozen 994 119 1,054 113 1,074 104 1,206 84
Woven blouses dozen 1,288 37 1,366 49 1,452 42 1,562 26
Skirts ofcotton, synthetic and
blended silkandvegetable fibredozen 309 53 327 60 350 76 374 77
Cotton sweaters dozen 118 84 125 91 133 66 144 57
Cotton andsynthetic trousers,
slacks andshortsdozen 333 112 383 114 410 110 439 100
Cotton andsynthetic dressing
gownsdozen 111 52 118 54 126 51 135 31
Cotton andsynthetic pyjamas and
nightwearsdozen 192 100 203 110 217 101 232 87
Cotton towels number 3,000 0 3,180 34 3,371 11 3,638 3
Woollen lady'scoats dozen 15 35 15 57 15 45 15 42
Women woolen knitted shirts dozen 12 0 12 0 12 36 12 79
Woollen skirts dozen 18 1 18 26 18 55 18 34
Woollen sweaters dozen 28 0 28 88 29 82 29 76
Acrylic yarn kg. 987 64 1,047 60 1,110 78 1,197 31
Synthetic coats dozen 601 74 637 111 682 92 729 89
Synthetic knitted shirts andblouses dozen 354 90 376 104 408 104 430 113
Synthetic sweaters dozen 271 11 287 4 307 0 329 1
Synthetic trousers, slacks and
shortsdozen 1,275 78 1,352 87 1,352 82 1,546 70
Aggregate group ofCategories sme 34,298 84 36,355 88 38,536 83 41,591 94
Canada:
Jackets, rainwear pcs 850 79 901 93 964 83 1,031 73
Winter outwear pcs 140 94 155 89 164 77 173 115
Ensembles, female casual andfine
wearpcs 967 69 949 69 1,015 62 1,085 39
Trousers andshorts pcs 731 89 775 98 828 101 886 90
Men'sshirts pcs 1,496 56 1,542 70 1,613 57 1,688 29
Woven shirts, blouses, athletic
wear, T-shirtspcs 3,643 97 4,217 99 3,758 92 4,495 84
Table AIV.7 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/31
Page 182Trade Policy Review
Description ofproduct
under quotaUnit
value1993 1994 1995 1996
Quota
(´000)Util.
(%)Quota
(´000)Util.
(%)Quota
(´000)Util.
(%)Quota
('000)Util.
(%)
Underwear pcs 4,983 115 5,282 115 5,599 89 6,043 66
Sweaters pcs 600 59 619 68 640 41 663 27
Baby garments pcs 2,000 65 2,120 69 2,268 58 2,425 59
Acrylic yarn kg. 387 12 410 10 439 16 469 3
European Union:
T-shirts andknitted blouses pcs 8,740 97 9,177 111 11,731 74 11,911 85
Jerseys andpullovers pcs 4,270 104 4,484 113 5,187 84 5,530 117
Woven shorts, trousers andslacks pcs 5,715 71 6,001 76 6,571 60 7,006 43
Blouses, shirt-blouses, knitted or
crochetedpcs 27,200 89 2,802 76 29,352 74 3,037 60
Woven shirts pcs 5,550 78 5,717 65 7,030 58 7,275 44
Woven fabrics ofcotton and
synthetickg. 5,094 80 5,878 94 12,166 105 12,590 91
Synthetic/acrylic yarn kg. 7,136 26 7,564 30 8,440 39 9,020 14
Norway:
Jacket pcs 77 93 90 54 93 78 96 84
Trousers pcs 185 52 195 49 202 52 208 21
Bedlinen kg 26 53 30 47 31 0 0 0
doz.pr. Dozen pairs
kg. Kilogram.
Nos. Numbers.
sme Square metre equivalent.
Util. Utilization.
Source: Information provided bytheMalaysian authorities.Malaysia WT/TPR/S/31
Page 183
Table AIV.8
Overview ofselected service sectors, 1989-92 and1994
Item Year Stock,
commodity
andforeign
exchange
brokersAdvertising
agenciesShipping
companiesSteva-
doring
comp.Shipping
agentsRoad
haulageTourist and
travel
Output
(RMmillion)1989
1990
1991
1992
1994356.1
561.8
576.4
882.0
4,838.6681.7
872.7
1,027.1
1,045.1
1,281.62,388.8
2,410.7
3,201.1
2,915.9
3,342.3134.6
145.9
139.8
146.2
277.3143.8
176.6
204.3
239.1
263.61,307.7
1,574.5
2,005.1
2,178.5
3,164.5363.0
541.6
698.4
1,027.3
1,387.3
Value added
(RMmillion)1989
1990
1991
1992
1994341.9
536.5
547.7
844.1
4,732.0673.1
862.0
1,012.7
1,030.0
1,241.22,076.3
1,929.3
2,682.5
2,437.1
1,953.0128.7
138.0
130.6
135.9
265.2134.8
167.5
191.9
222.7
242.7897.2
1,049.7
1,431.6
1,523.3
2,371.0354.0
520.6
666.9
983.4
1,326.4
Employment
('000)1989
1990
1991
1992
19944.1
4.8
5.8
6.2
11.52.5
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.79.8
10.9
11.2
12.3
12.010.4
9.7
13.1
11.7
8.73.0
3.4
3.9
4.5
4.837.4
40.5
46.0
47.2
50.35.8
6.9
8.8
9.2
10.3
Number of
firms1989
1990
1991
1992
199483
81
85
93
94118
127
129
132
130245
253
249
253
256152
144
146
144
129294
313
346
363
3936,923
7,422
8,718
9,045
9,158703
744
875
894
906
Item Year Hotels and
other
lodging
placesAccountants Architects Doctors Engineers Lawyers Surveyors
Output
(RMmillion)1989
1990
1991
1992
19941,117.4
1,575.3
1,847.7
2,219.9
2,733.0220.6
252.4
290.5
339.7
458.2136.1
185.5
273.3
300.8
434.0371.2
448.7
566.4
662.6
791.7300.6
394.8
628.7
704.8
1,006.7365.9
437.7
536.4
605.1
835.0221.8
282.4
337.2
383.6
486.2
Value added
(RMmillion)1989
1990
1991
1992
1994731.5
1,078.5
1,281.7
1,596.1
1,921.6205.1
234.3
268.2
313.5
433.1124.3
170.8
252.5
278.5
402.4238.9
290.7
364.9
431.7
513.3279.2
364.5
587.5
663.2
945.7331.3
397.3
491.6
553.0
775.9198.4
256.0
298.0
344.4
436.1
Employment
('000)1989
1990
1991
1992
199433.1
38.9
42.4
46.1
55.910.3
12.0
12.2
12.8
14.53.3
4.0
4.7
5.1
7.011.5
12.9
15.3
16.7
17.47.4
9.3
11.3
11.7
13.515.0
16.5
17.4
19.3
22.17.2
7.8
8.6
9.3
10.3
Number of
firms1989
1990
1991
1992
19941,044
1,131
1,174
1,197
1,387764
903
900
908
940340
342
380
401
5491,787
1,949
2,359
2,578
2,688376
394
419
445
48413,242
1,389
1,444
1,629
1,842361
365
377
422
450
Note: Nocensus wasconducted in1993
Source: Information provided bytheMalaysian authorities.