KENYA STANDARD  DKS 2309 : 2023  
ICS 67.140.10  
Second Edition  
 
 © KEBS 2023   
 Handling, storage and transport of 
slaughterhouse by-products - guidelines  
 
 DKS 2309 : 2023  
ii © KEBS 2023  – All rights reserved  
 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION  
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:  
Ministry of Health ― Food Safety Unit  
Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute  
National Public Health Laboratory  
Government Chemist’s Department  
Farmer’s Choice (K) Ltd.  
University of Nairobi — Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology  
Consumer Information Network  
Kenchic (K) Ltd.  
Kenya Meat Commission  
Directorate of Livestock Production  
Directorate of Veterinary Services  
Kenya Nut Company  ― Morendat farm  
Meat Training institute  
Choice Meats Ltd.  
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat  
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS  
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed.  Suggestions for 
improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are 
welcome.  
© Kenya Bureau of Standards  2023 
Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of 2001 of  the Laws of Kenya, copyright subsists 
in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 25 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bureau of Sta ndards 
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any mea ns without prior permission in writing from the 
Managing Director.   KENYA STANDARD  DKS 2309 : 2023  
ICS 67.140.10  
Second Edition  
 
© KEBS 2023 – All rights reserved  iii 
 Handling, storage and transport of 
slaughterhouse - guidelines  
 
 
  Kenya Bureau of Standards,  Popo Road, Off Mombasa Road,  
P.O. Box 54974 - 00200,  Nairobi, Kenya  
 +254 020 6948000, + 254 722202137, + 254 734600471  
 info@kebs.org  
 @KEBS_ke  
 kenya bureau of standards (kebs)  
DKS 2309 : 2023  
iv © KEBS 2023  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
This Kenya Standard was prepared by the Meat and Poultry products  Technical Committee under the guidance 
of the Standards Projects Committee, and it is in accordance with the procedures of the Kenya Bureau of 
Standards  
There is a great potential for utilization of slaughter -house by products for valuable pharmaceutical  products, if 
these can be handled, stored and transported under appropriate conditions. This standard is  intended to provide 
guidelines for such conditions, thereby saving sizeable quantities of' this raw material  for the pharmaceutical 
industr y. 
 
In the preparation of this Standard, the following sources were consulted extensively:  
IS 8895:1978(R2000), Guidelines for handling, storage and transport of slaughter -House By -Products. .   
Acknowledgement is hereby made for the assistance derived from these sources . 
 DKS 2309 : 2023    
 
© KEBS 2023 – All rights reserved   
 Handling, storage and transport of slaughterhouse  by-products - 
Guidelines  
 
1 Scope   
1.1 This Kenya Standard provides guidelines for proper handling, storage and transport ation  of by -products  of 
slaughter -houses and meat processing factories.  
1.2 This Kenya Standard does not include the guidelines for the processing of pharmaceutical products  like insulin 
and pancreatin.  
 
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated  
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced  
document (including any amendments) applies.  
KS 2761 , Meat Hygiene  — Code of practice  
 
3 Definitions  
For the purposes of this standards,  the following definitions shall apply:  
 
3.1 
slaughter -house  
any place kept for the purpose of the slaughter of animals for human consumption (meat act)  
 
3.2 
by-products  
Slaughter -house  wastes in the form of parts cut off as waste from carcasses especially edible or inedible  
offals, blood, etc, which are not normally intended to be utilized for human consumption  
 
4 Ante -mortem and post -mortem inspection  
The by -products shall be obtained from animals subjected to proper ante -mortem and post -mortem  
inspection as per KS 2 761 
 
5 Handling, storage and transport  
Various by -products shall be handled and stored under conditions as recommended in Table 1.  
 
Table 1 — Requirements for handling, storage and transport of slaughter -house by -products  
 
S/No.  
 Name of 
byproducts  
 Utilization  Handling, storage and transport  
1.  Blood  Human food and  
pharmaceuticals,  
such as plasma,  
albumin and fibrin  In case of utilization as human food,  slaughter should 
preferably be done on  bleeding rails and the blood 
should be  collected in clean receptacles. Where  blood 
plasma is required, collection  should be done in an 
anticoagulant  immediately after slaughter of animals.  
Where fibrin is required, the blood should  be stored at 
chilling temperatures (4 to 7°C) in a stainless steel 
container  
  Livestock feed  In case of utilization for livestock feed,  the blood should 
be collected in storage  bins under conditions that prevent 
soiling  with any extraneous materials. The bins  should 
then be coved and transported  immediately to (within 3 -
6 h) processing  units. Lime or any other permitted   
ii © KEBS 2023  – All rights reserved  
 preservative may be added at the time of  collection  
  Fertilizer and other  
commercial uses  Blood for processing into fertilizer may  be collected by 
any of the above  procedures and blood that has been  
soiled by regurgitated ingesta, floor and  spilt blood may 
also be collected. Blood  collected for food, 
pharmaceuticals or  livestock feed if found unsuitable for 
any reason may also be included for  processing into 
fertilizer stock. Blood  should be collected and 
transported  within 4 -6 h to the processing unit in  
closed containers. Addition of  preservatives such as 
formalin or Lysol  may be done but these should be added  
only at locations where their use is  permitted in the 
slaughterhouse  premises. For prolonged storage of  
blood, it should be stored at 4 to 10 °C  
2.  Pancreas  Trypsin, insulin,  
pancreatin and  
chymotrypsin  Pancreas should be removed  expeditiously, preferably 
within 30 min  after slaughter of the animal to prevent a  
tolysis. The glands should be collected  into a stainless 
steel or aluminium vessel  and chilled (4 °C) or frozen 
immediately.  
Direct contact of ice or freezing mixtures  with the tissues 
should be avoided. After  the tissue is chilled or frozen, it 
should  be packaged in strong fibre boxes lined  with 
themocole or several layers of wax  paper to protect the 
glands from thawing.  
Each container should be tightly filled to  the top to give 
minimum air apace. The  glands shall be transported and 
stored  under refrigerated conditions  
3.  Endocrine  
glands  Hormones like  
pituitrin, thyroxine  
and adrenalin  The endocrine glands should be  collected immediately 
after slaughter and  preserved under frozen conditions,  
similar to the pancreas  
4.  Liver  Liver extract,  
glycogen, vitamin  
B12, etc The livers should be removed without  soiling and 
collected into stainless steel  or aluminium containers 
provided with  lids. These should be transported within  
1 to 2 h to processing unit and stored at  cold storage 
temperature (4 °C)  
5.  Intestines  Casings, surgical  
sutures, etc  Primary cleaning which involve  separation of intestines 
from mesentry  and, removal of intestinal contents  should 
be done in the slaughter -house.  
Further cleaning should be done within 1  to 2 h at the 
processing unit. These  should be transported to the 
place of  processing preferably in any closed  container 
like  stainless steel  tins, polyethylene  containers, or bags 
or closely woven  baskets  
6.  
 Bile 
secretions  Bile salts  The gallbladder should be removed  from the liver as 
soon as possible and  the bile contents emptied 
immediately  into a clean vessel through a fine screen  
to prevent any stones, parasites, etc,  from passing 
through. Bile if stored for  long periods should be 
preserved by  addition of permitted anti -microbial  agents 
depending on the end -product or  frozen until use. Bile 
should be  transported in closed containers  preferably 
polyethylene or similar nonreactive  materials and stored 
as above.  
Another method of preservation is by  concentration of 
bile to change it to a  syrup  
7.  Lungs  Heparin  Lungs are liable to rapid putrefaction.  This should be 
prevented by addition of  a suitable permitted anti-
microbial  agents. The tissue should then be stored  for 
limited period at room temperature  (25 to 35 °C)  
8.  Testes  Hyaluronidase  The testes should be immediately  collected in containers 
chilled in ice t o protect the activity of hyaluronidase  
9.  Trimmings  
and stomach  Proteose, peptone  The trimmings and stomach should, as  far as possible, 
be collected from  slaughter -house or meat processing   
© KEBS 2023 – All rights reserved  iii 
 factories immediately after the  slaughtering and 
processing operations.  Stomachs should be collected 
after emptying the ingesta in the offal washing  area 
provided for the purpose, washed in  water free of any 
adhering ingesta and  transported at the earliest in closed  
containers to the processing units  
10.  
 Pig stomachs  Renin and pepsin  The pig stomach lining should be peeled  off, cut into four 
pieces and frozen in  trays. The lining should be 
preserved by  covering with one percent solution of  
sulphuric acid (30 mL  of commercial  sulphuric acid 
added into one litre of  water) in a large glass jar or 
enamelled  
containers. The lining should be  transported to the 
pharmaceutical  industry while still submerged in the  
original acid  
11.  
 
 Hides and  
skins  Leather  Hides and skins should be collected and  transported to 
place of storage within 8  hours. Hides should preferably 
be salted  before storage  
12.  Tail hair,  
bristles and  
body hair  Brushes  Generally, tail hair bristles and body hair  should be 
separated and transported  within 8 to 10 h  
13.  
 Bones  Gelatin, glue  The bones should be freed of adhering  flesh and dried. 
Green bones should be  broken, cooked and dried. In 
case of  desert bones, they should be neatly laid  out on a 
sloping cement platform in the  collection centres. During 
dry weather,  the bones should be sprayed with water  
to encourage bacterial and insect action  and to wash off 
unwanted material. Care  should be taken not to dry 
bones in  direct contact with earth. Further cooking  and 
processing is similar to green bones  
14.  Hooves and  
horns  Buttons, handles,  
combs, horn meal,  
foam compound,  
etc Hooves and horns freed of pith should  be collected and 
transported to be stored  in cool sheds. These should not 
be exposed to undue heat and desiccation  during 
collection, transport and storage  as these may crack or 
become brittle  
15.  Horn pith  Gelatin  Horns should be placed in boiling water  for a short period 
to remove any blood,  fat or adhering tissue and pith 
removed  by a gentle tap. The pith should then be  
cleaned free and stored in mesh -like containers for 
transport