WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
10 October 2000
(00-4137)
Working Party on
State Trading Enterprises
STATE TRADING
New and Full and Updating Notifications for 1998 and 1999
Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of
the GATT 1994 and Paragraph 1 of the Understanding on
the Interpretation of Article XVII
AUSTRALIA
The following communication, dated 18 September 2000, has been received from the
Permanent Mission of Australia.
_______________
CONTENTS
Page
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTER PRISES.................................................4
II. REASON AND PURPOSE.......................................................................................................5
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE
TRADING ENTE RPRISE .......................................................................................................7
1. Australian Dairy Co rporation (ADC) ........................................................................7
2. Australian Wheat Board (AWB) ..............................................................................10
3. Wool International .....................................................................................................11
4. Queensland Sugar Corporation (QSC) ....................................................................14
5. Grainco...................................................................................................................... ..14
6. New South Wales Grains Board ...............................................................................15
7. Australian Barley Board (ABB)................................................................................17
8. Grain Pool of Western Australia ..............................................................................18
9. New South Wales Rice Marketing Board.................................................................19
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION .........................................................................................20
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE ( AS APPROPRIATE) ..20
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ( AS APPROPRIATE) .....................................................20
1. Wool International .....................................................................................................20G/STR/N/4/AUS
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Page
ITEMS NOT REPORTED IN THIS NOTIFICATION...................................................................20
1. Australian Horticultura l Corporation (AHC)......................................................................20
2. Australian Dried Fruits Board (ADFB)................................................................................213. Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation (AWBC)...........................................................21G/STR/N/4/AUS
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This notification is in accordance with the fo rmat for the agreed questionnaire in G/STR/12
I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES
A. Identification of state trading enterprises.
B. Description of products affected (including tariff item number(s) encompassed in
product description).
II. REASON AND PURPOSE
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise.
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant exclusive or special rights or
privileges, including legal provisions a nd summary of statutory or constitutional
powers.
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise.
B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading
enterprise.
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in
importation/exportation and conditions for participation.
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise.
E. How export prices are determined.F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined.
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether
the state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the
government.
H. Brief description of market structure.
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION (SEE ATTACHED TABLES I - III)
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE ( AS APPROPRIATE)
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ( AS APPROPRIATE)
                                                     
1 This notification for 1998, which includes the update for 1999, sets out the position at those times.
As appropriate, some of the changes subsequent to then are indicated in the text.  The 2000 update will be
provided when statistics for 1998/99 are available.
2 All prices are given in Australian currency.G/STR/N/4/AUS
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I. ENUMERATION OF STATE TRADING ENTERPRISES
(i) A Australian Dairy Corporation
B Butteroil, cheese, skim milk  powder, whole milk powder:
cheese [HS 0406]
butter/butteroil/blends [HS 0405]
skim milk powder [HS 0402.10]
whole milk powder [HS 0402.20]
(ii) A Australian Wheat Board
B Wheat [HS 1001]
(iii) A Wool International
B Wool in greasy and semi processed form [HS 5101]
(iv) A Queensland Sugar Corporation
B Raw cane sugar [HS 1701.11]
(v) A Grainco
B Grainco has statutory marketing powers for selling of export barley only.  Powers for
marketing of domestic wheat and barley, and central Queensland sorghum were
removed following a National Competition Policy review completed in 1997.
barley [HS 1003]
(vi) A New South Wales Grains Board
B Coarse grains, oilseeds, malting barley, sorghum and oats.
barley [HS 1003]
oilseeds [HS 1207] including sunflower [HS 1206], canola [1205], safflower
[1207.60], linseed [1204] and soybeans [1201]
sorghum [HS 1007]
oats [HS 1004]
(vii) A Australian Barley Board
B Unprocessed barley grown in Victoria.
Unprocessed barley and oats grown in South Australia.
barley [HS 1003]
oats [HS 1004]
(viii) A Grain Pool of Western Australia
B Barley [HS 1003] Lupins [HS 0713.90] and Rapeseed [HS 1205].
(ix) A New South Wales Rice Marketing BoardG/STR/N/4/AUS
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B Rice grown in New South Wales.
rice [HS 1006]
II. REASON AND PURPOSE
(i) Australian Dairy Corporation (ADC)
A The ADC is established to enhance the profitable production and marketing of
Australian dairy produce.
Its functions are:- to improve the marketability of Australian dairy produce;
- promote the consumption of Australian dairy produce both in Australia and in foreign
countries;
- to assist in the marketing of Australian dairy produce for export and for trade and
commerce among the States;
- to control the export from Australia of dairy produce;
- in response to tariff quota restrictions elsewhere, to control the marketing of dairy
produce that has been exported from Australia;
- to advise the Minister on matters relating to the marketing of dairy produce, including
matters related to the export from Australia of dairy produce;
- to deal in dairy produce in export markets; and
- such other functions as are conferred on the Corporation by or under the Dairy
Produce Act 1986 .
B The statutory powers of the ADC are embodied in the Dairy Produce Act 1986 .
(ii) Australian Wheat Board (AWB)
A The AWB's principle objective is to maximize net returns to Australian wheat
growers through the use of export control powers and pooling.  The AWB also
participates commercially in the deregulated domestic grain market and in value
adding activities for the benefit of Australian grain growers.  The AWB is a single
desk exporter of Australian wheat.
B Legal authority - Wheat Marketing Act 1989.  The Act provides for the AWB to
operate a single desk for Australian wheat exports.
(iii) Wool International
A Wool International exists to provide for the orderly disposal of a stockpile of wool
accumulated from the operation of a minimum reserve price scheme conducted by anantecedent statutory authority until January 1991, and to repay the associated
government guaranteed debt. The process of disposing of the stockpile has been in
operation since 1 July 1991, and under the current legislation, is scheduled to be
completed by 31 December 2000.
Wool International will cease to exist after distribution of any surplus monies
following disposal of the last bale of wool from the stockpile.G/STR/N/4/AUS
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B Wool International exists pursuant to the Wool International  Act 1993  as amended
which provides for the disposal of stockpiled wool on a quarterly basis.
(iv) Queensland Sugar Corporation (QSC)
A To manage and coordinate the marketing of all raw sugar product in Queensland.B Queensland Government legislation, Sugar  Industry Act 1991 .  This Act provides
QSC with exclusive rights to acquire all raw sugar produced in Queensland and
market it domestically and internationally on behalf of growers.
(v) Grainco
A Grainco was formed by the amalgamation of a number of statutory authorities in the
State of Queensland, which had exercised compulsory marketing of grain since the
early 1920s.  The objective of those marketing schemes had been to maximize net
returns from pooling and single desk selling and allow growers to share equitably inthose returns.  A National Competition Policy review in 1997 found that a net public
benefit existed only for export barley and hence vesting powers over other grains are
no longer operative.
B Legal authority for the statutory powers is provided through the Grain Industry
(Restructuring) Act 1991 .  This allows Grainco to vest all barley to be sold for export.
(vi) New South Wales Grains Board
A The purpose of the New South Wales Grains Board is to improve the marketing of
coarse grains and oilseeds in New South Wales through the operation of a single desk
for export of New South Wales vested commodities and domestic sales for malting
barley.
B The NSW Grain Marketing Act 1991  establishes the Board and the Grain Marketing
Consultative Committee (GMCC).  The Act provides for the vesting of oilseeds and
coarse grains in New South Wales to the Board.  The New South Wales Grains Board
replaced the barley, grain sorghum, oats and oilseeds Marketing Boards.
(vii) Australian Barley Board (ABB)
A The ABB was established to:
- supply effective and efficient marketing services to Victorian and South
Australian growers and to producers of other grains;
- maximize the net returns to Victorian and South Australian growers who
deliver barley or other grain to a pool of the Board by securing, developing
and maintaining markets for grain and by minimising costs as far as
practicable.
B Barley Marketing Act 1993 (Victoria); Barley Marketing Act 1993  (South Australia)
provides the ABB with statutory acquisition powers over barley produced in Victoria
and oats grown in South AustraliaG/STR/N/4/AUS
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(viii) Grain Pool of Western Australia
A The Grain Pool of WA has been set up by the Western Australian Government to
provide for the orderly export marketing of prescribed grains (barley, lupins and
rapeseed).
B The Grain Pool of WA is formed under the Western Australian  Grain  Marketing Act
1975 , as amended.  The latest amendments were passed in December 1997.  The Act
grants the Grain Pool of WA the sole right to export Western Australian barley,
lupins and rapeseed.
(ix) New South Wales Rice Marketing Board
A The New South Wales Rice Marketing Board was established to control the delivery
of paddy rice.
B The New South Wales Rice Marketing Board has, under the New South Wales
Marketing of Primary Products Act , appointed the Ricegrowers Co-operative as its
authorized agent and as an authorized buyer to purchase direct from its shareholders
in its own right.
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE
1. Australian Dairy Corporation (ADC)
A The ADC undertakes a number of public good and commercial activities for the
Australian dairy industry.  Public good activities include generic promotion in
domestic and international markets, market intelligence and analysis, administration
of the Domestic Market Support scheme and the provision of analyses in relation tointernational negotiations on market access issues.
Apart from public good activities, the ADC also coordinates the commercial sale of
certain types of dairy produce in a limited range of international markets.  This
coordinating role is limited to those markets where the Australian dairy industrybelieves it would benefit from the coordination and sale of product through a single
agency.  Accordingly, the scope of ADC export activities is determined by industry
agreement.  At present, the ADC operates commercially in three export markets:
- export under quota of natural cheddar cheese, and like varieties, to the
European Union (HTS 0406 9021);
- exports of bulk cheese for processing and shredding to Japan (HTS 0406 90);
and
- exports of skim milk powder (HTS 0402 10) under competitive tenders
operated government agencies in Japan.
Also, the ADC’s wholly owned subsidiary, Austdairy Ltd (ADL), provides technical
and management expertise to foreign companies.  ADL cannot trade in products on
the domestic market.  However, it does supply some raw materials to dairy producers
in overseas markets with the objective of maintaining and expanding existing markets
or securing new markets outside Australia.  The primary products traded by ADL are
milk powder (HTS 0402) and butteroil (HTS 0405).  When purchasing dairy producefor these activities, Austdairy Ltd must compete with other buyers of Australian dairy
produce - it has no special rights of procurement.G/STR/N/4/AUS
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B The powers of the Corporation are embodied in the Dairy Produce Act 1986 .  Part II
of the Act specifies the Corporation’s objectives, functions, powers and duties.  This
Part also provides for the operation of ADL.  Part VII provides the legislative basis
for the public good activities undertaken by the ADC and specifies how monies
collected through industry levies are to be used.
Under Part V of the Dairy Produce Act 1986 , all firms can be licensed to export
Australian dairy produce, except where the applicants have been convicted of
prescribed offences.  The Act also allows  the ADC, with the consent of industry, to
issue directions which restrict the export or sale of dairy produce to certain markets.
At present, the ADC has industry consent to act as the authorized sole seller of dairy
produce in the markets specified in sub-section A above.  Under a separate direction,
the ADC is also responsible for ensuring that licensed exporters comply with
Australia’s tariff quota requirements with respect to dairy exports to the USA.  The
Corporation undertakes no direct sales in the US market.
The other parts of the Act deal with administrative and operational matters.
The ADC is subject to indirect taxation under the laws of the Federal Government.  It
is not subject to taxation (other than payroll tax) under a law of a State or territory
government.  The Corporation does not:
- have statutory power to control imports;
- issue import licenses;
- have responsibility for administering tariff rate quotas;
- receive special financing;- receive subsidies (the Corporation is funded fully from industry levies);
- receive off-budget support or other support provided by government or its
instrumentalities; nor
- have preferential access to foreign exchange.
The ADC is obliged to undertake its sales on a cost recovery basis, in order that the
benefits of its co-ordination of industry sales pass through to local industry suppliers.
C Licensed Australian manufacturers or trading companies can export dairy produce to
all markets other than those specifically identified in Industry Directions. Similarly,
the ADC exerts no control over the import of dairy produce into Australia.  Over 80
per cent of Australia’s dairy product exports by value and all dairy product importswere transacted by individual firms in 1996-97.
There are conditions of participation for all firms in terms of the maintenance of food
safety and quality standards.  All dair y product imports must comply with the
requirements of Australia’s Food Standards Code.  Establishments from which dairyproducts are exported are inspected to ensure compliance with the Export Control Act
and associated Orders and Regulations. The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service
(AQIS), or State Dairy Authorities, inspect/audit these establishments against
requirements for good manufacturing practice (including structural requirements for
premises, hygiene, operational requirements) as specified in export legislation.
Export establishments and their products are also required to comply with any
additional requirements of importing country government authorities.G/STR/N/4/AUS
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D In any year, the volume of ADC agency sales to Japan is determined through
commercial negotiations with local product suppliers and end users.  The balance of
supply and demand for bulk cheese in Japan determines the volume.
In the European Union, the ADC supplies product against Australia’s traditional
minimum access quota for cheddar cheese of 3,750 tonnes.  In addition, the ADC
supplies product under the minimum access quota arrangements introduced by the
European Union after the Uruguay Round.  Sales volumes to this market category are
determined by quarterly negotiations be tween the ADC and those firms who receive
import licenses from the relevant authorities in EU member states.
E As with export volumes, ADC selling prices are determined by commercial
negotiation with end users and local suppliers.  Australian export prices (including
ADC sales) reflect prevailing internationa l market prices and supply competition.
In the case of the European Union, the ADC’s returns from the product sold under
historical access quotas also reflect the specific access conditions applying to thesequotas.
F Not applicable.G The ADC normally operates contracts with a six month supply period.  The ADC
may also undertake spot sales for immediate delivery at prevailing market prices.
The ADC is not used to supply product to meet contractual obligations entered into
by the Australian Government.
H Australia’s climate and natural resources are favourable to dairying and allow
production based on year round pasture grazing.  With the exception of some
inland irrigation schemes, pasture growth generally depends on natural rainfall.
As a result, most dairying occurs in the coastal regions of Australia.  Feed-lot
based dairying is uncommon, although use of supplementary feeding is rising.
While seasonal conditions have some influence on yearly output, Australian milk
production has risen steadily in recent years.  Total Australian milk production in
1997-98 was 9,439 million litres.  Victoria is Australia’s largest milk producing state,
accounting for around 60% of total production, much of which is used in the
production and export of manufactured dairy products.
The value of Australia’s dairy exports is about $1.94 billion.  Australia currently
exports nearly half of its annual milk production, which is equivalent to around 65%
of total manufactured dairy products.  Principal export products in both value and
volume terms are skim milk powder and ch eese, with butter and whole milk powder
also major contributors to industry export returns.
Asian markets now account for around 80 per of Australia’s exports.  Japan is the
largest single country market for Australian dairy products.  Apart from Japan, other
important destinations for Australian dairy products include the ASEAN countries of
the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.
The Australian dairy industry can be divided into two separate but related
sectors, the manufacturing milk sector and the market milk sector. The vast
majority (about 80 per cent) of Australian milk production is channelled into
the manufacturing of dairy products (manufacturing milk sector).  TheG/STR/N/4/AUS
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remaining 20 per cent of milk produced is used for liquid milk consumption
(market milk sector).
Australia does not have any controls over the pricing of manufactured dairy products.
Retailers, exporters and manufacturers receive the prevailing market determined pricefor their produce regardless of whether it is sold in domestic or export markets.
Given that some 65 per cent milk used in manufacturing dairy products is exported in
product form, farmgate prices for manufacturing milk are driven by international
prices for dairy products.  These farmgate prices vary between manufacturers with
individual company returns being affected by factors such as processing efficiencies,
company product mixes and marketing strategies.  Payments in respect of
manufacturing milk are based around the milk fat and protein composition of rawmilk.  The average return to Australian producers for manufacturing milk was 23.9
cents per litre in 1997-98.
Market milk arrangements in Australia are the responsibility of state and territory
governments who have traditionally regulated the production, processing anddistribution of liquid milk for domestic consumption to ensure an adequate supply of
high quality fresh milk for human consumption all year round
3 3
2. Australian Wheat Board (AWB)
A From 1 June 1998, the AWB, transferred most of its marketing and financing
functions to subsidiary companies, (AWB Ltd), AWB (International) Ltd, and AWB
(Australia) Ltd, which operate under Corporations Law, while still being co-owned
and controlled by the Government through the AWB.  The parent company (AWB
Ltd) provides financing, and other services to the subsidiaries.  AWB (International)
Ltd is responsible for pool marketing and financing/payment functions, and AWB(Australia) Ltd, undertakes domestic grain trading and other commercial operations.
The AWB itself continues to control exports of wheat; manage the Wheat Industry
Fund and growers' equity; maintain a supervisory role over the operations of the
parent company in accordance with normal corporate practice; account to theMinister and Parliament; and consult with and account to the industry through the
Grains Council of Australia (GCA).
From 1 July 1999 the statutory AWB ceased to operate and its subsidiary companies
became grower owned and controlled.
B The AWB retained responsibility for managing the wheat export monopoly until June
1999, and gave consent to export to the pooling company AWB (International) Ltd.
On 1 July 1999, a Wheat Export Authority (WEA) was established with functions to
control exports of wheat and monitor and report on the use of the monopoly by the
pooling subsidiary AWB (International) Ltd, which will be given an automatic rightto export bulk wheat.  The WEA is required to review the pool company's
performance before the end of 2004.  This arrangement separates regulatory and
marketing functions consistent with the National Competition Policy.
Government underwriting of borrowings by AWB or AWB (Ltd) to finance advance
and pool related payments will cease with the closure of the 1998/99 pool.  On 1 July
1999 the Wheat Industry Fund was converted to shares in the grower owned AWB
(Ltd), and the levy on  wheat sales which supported that fund will cease. The AWB
                                                     
3 Market milk was deregulated in all states and territories from 1 July 2000.G/STR/N/4/AUS
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and the pooling subsidiary AWB (International) Ltd were exempt from income tax
and most State taxes until 1 July  1999.
C The AWB is the sole exporter of Australian wheat.  The domestic market for wheat
has been deregulated since 1989.  Commercial grain traders have full access to thedomestic market and growers have a choice of delivering their wheat to the AWB
companies for pooling or cash sale, or selling to others such as merchants and millers.
A tender system for domestic sales of wheat from AWB pools was introduced in
1996. Permits for export of wheat in bags or containers are issued by the AWB under
established guidelines.  Permits for exports in bulk can be obtained from the AWB in
certain circumstances where pool returns are not likely to be adversely affected.
Since 1989 competition has increased in the grain storage, handling and transport
sectors and the AWB and other grain handlers are able to choose the most efficient
services, whether or not run by State authorities. There has also been increased
deregulation of domestic markets for other grains.
D The pooling subsidiary AWB (International) Ltd is required by legislation to purchase
all wheat offered to it for pooling which meets classification and other standards.
Imports and exports of wheat are not determined by the AWB.  Anyone is free to
import wheat, subject to quarantine restrictions.  Also, anyone can export wheat
provided a consent is first obtained from the AWB.  Export volumes are determinedby the level of production in each year and other relevant market factors.
E Export prices for Australian wheat are set on a fully commercial basis in competition
with offers from other major exporters in the same markets. Export revenue and any
other revenue from each pool established for a specific category (type and quality) ofwheat, is returned to pool participants after deduction of the AWB's marketing,
finance and other costs associated with that pool.
F Import levels are small and can be undertaken by the AWB or any other individual
trader subject to quarantine approval (imports by AWB are not separately identifiedin statistics).  The sale price for domestic product is determined by the domestic
wheat market, no additional fees apply.  Revenue raised is returned to the
consolidated revenue of the AWB.
G The AWB negotiates sales contracts on a commercial basis with the aim of meeting
its legislated objectives, principally to maximize net returns to growers delivering to
pools.  Contract details are not publicly available.  Long term contracts or othermarketing arrangements may be entered into by the AWB on a strictly commercial
basis.
H Over 80% of Australia's wheat production is exported each year.  The remainder is
sold on the deregulated domestic market for milling (flour and industrial uses) orstockfeed purposes.  Domestic prices track international prices as reflected in
estimated pool returns.  A futures market for wheat in Australia commenced in March
1996 and a tender system for domestic sales of wheat from AWB pools was
introduced later that year. Wheat imports are free of tariff but are subject to
quarantine requirements.
3. Wool International
A Wool International is currently required under its governing legislation to dispose of
(sell) the stockpile at a rate of not less than 90,000 bales per calendar quarter and notG/STR/N/4/AUS
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more than 350,000 bales per calendar quarter (on average, a bale of wool weighs 179
kg). Note that since 1 July 1991, the rate of disposal of the stockpile has been varied
according to the then current legislative cons traints, which included a debt retirement
schedule and a narrow band fixed disposal schedule.
Wool International is not a wool trader. It only has limited powers to purchase fresh
wool when it becomes apparent that disposals during a quarter will exceed the
maximum permitted under the legislation.
On 1 July 1991, the stockpile consisted of 4.6 million bales and was funded by an
accumulated debt of $2.7 billion. By 30 June 1998, the stockpile had been reduced to
1.1 million bales and the accumulated debt to $256 million.
Wool International has as an objective under its Act “to foster the profitability and
efficiency of the Australian wool industry by providing for the disposal and
management of the wool stockpile in a ma nner that maximizes the net return to the
Australian wool growing industry from the sale of stockpile wool and fresh wool”.
To achieve this objective, Wool Internatio nal manages the stockpile with the view to
having the least possible impact on the market for fresh wool. This is achieved by
differentiating stockpile wool from fresh wool by: its location (some stockpile wool is
located overseas); presentation (stockpile wool is stored in dumped (compressed)form in groups of average size of 60 bales compared with fresh wool which is
undumped and in average lot sizes of 6 bales); and through the method of sale. Wool
International predominantly sells by private treaty contract, whereas most fresh wool
is sold in an open outcry auction. The majority of Wool International’s customers
include those companies who purchase fresh wool through the auction system.
B Wool International was established, and continues in existence, for the public purpose
of disposing of the wool stockpile and other assets, and repayment of the government
guaranteed debt. Accordingly, while the Wool International Act requires that
commercial principles be adopted within the constraints of the delivery schedule,certain concessions are afforded Wool International.
A statutory guarantee of the Commonwealth of Australia applies in respect of
amounts payable in relation to borrowings and hedging activities where they are in
respect of the performance of functions in relation to the stockpile or the accumulated
debt.  Wool International does not pay a fee to the Commonwealth for the guarantee.
Wool International is also not subject to Commonwealth income tax.  However, Wool
International is required to pay stamp duty levied under the law of a State orTerritory, and such other taxes as may be specified in the regulations (for example
payroll tax).
Wool International was the recipient of a wool tax levied on the sale of first hand
wool to assist in debt management. Wool tax for Wool International has not been
levied for first hand wool sold on or after 1 July 1996.
C Wool International is the only entity engaged in selling the wool stockpile
accumulated under the former Reserve Price Scheme.
As stockpile wool adds to the supply of available wool from current production, Wool
International is in essence competing with fresh wool to satisfy the requirements of
wool to dealers, traders and processors.G/STR/N/4/AUS
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Wool International terms and conditions of sale and pricing are applied equally to all
customers. Given the statutory obligations to maximize returns on the sale of fresh
and stockpile wool, Wool International does exercise quantity restrictions on sales to
individual customers, and to all customers as whole, on a daily basis. Such limitations
are determined on commercial grounds.
D Wool International does not import product. Export of wool by Wool International is
generally limited to shipment to strategic offshore storage locations on its own
account. Wool may then be sold to service customers just in time requirements.
Export of wool on a CIF or FOB basis dire ct to customers is a trading function
undertaken by dealers, traders and processors.
Decisions to export wool to offshore storage locations are based solely on
commercial considerations. Factors considered include: relative storage costs; the
ability to fully recoup shipping and other costs; the level of overseas stocks; and the
outlook for the wool market.  This is a purely commercial activity.
E As noted in D above, Wool International exports to a stock situation. Sales from
overseas stocks, which are on the basis of private treaty contracts, are priced to reflect
current market prices in Australia (determined from fresh wool auctions) and a
margin to recoup shipping and other costs.
Cash flow derived from both domestic and export sales is used to meet operating
expenditure and to retire the accumulated debt.
F Not applicable.G Wool International’s predominant method of sale is by private treaty contract on a
forward basis. Contracts may be for delivery  out to one year, however, most contracts
require the delivery of wool within three months of the date of sale.
Wool International does not currently enter into long term supply contracts, nor is it
used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government.
H Market Structure
Stockpile Wool Fresh Wool
1. Supplier Wool International Approximately 60,000+
woolgrowers.
2. Method of sale Private treaty contract. Most wool is sold at open
outcry auction at centralized
selling centres by brokers on
behalf of the woolgrowers.
3. Buyers Dealers, traders, processors. Dealers, traders, processors.
4. Export arranged by: Wool International on own
account to offshore storage
locations.
For wool delivered in
Australia, dealers, traders
and processors.Dealers, traders, processors.
5. Processed to wool top by: Domestic and offshore wool
processors.Domestic and offshore wool
processors.
Once processed to top, stockpile wool is indistinguishable from fresh wool.G/STR/N/4/AUS
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4. Queensland Sugar Corporation (QSC)
A The QSC acquires all raw sugar produced in Queensland.  The QSC is also
responsible for overseeing the marketing of raw sugar exports, negotiating
arrangements for the shipment of raw sugar, distributing the proceeds to producersand coordinating production regulations.
B The QSC has exclusive rights to market raw sugar produced in Queensland (94.37%
of Australia’s total production, 1995-97 average).  These exclusive rights do not
extend to sugar produced in New South Wales or Western Australia.  The QSC
enjoys no other exclusive or special rights or privileges.
C QSC is the sole exporter of Queensland sugar.  There are no restrictions on the type
of organization able to import sugar to Australia. There is no import tariff applied to
any sugar imports.
There are no statutory restrictions on the New South Wales and Western Australian
industries’ marketing/exporting activities.
D There are no restrictions on the import of sugar.  Export levels are determined on a
purely commercial basis.   There is no tariff on imported sugar.
E Export prices are world market determined.  Returns are distributed to producers
according to pooled returns.  Revenue is also used to pay for the marketing and
operating costs of the QSC.
F Not applicable; QSC does not import sugar.G Long term contracts are entered into by the QSC on a commercial basis.  The QSC is
not required to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government.
H The Queensland market operates along the lines outlined in sub-section A above.
New South Wales and Western Australia operate in a free market situation although
the New South Wales Sugar Milling Co-operative markets New South Wales sugar
on behalf of its members and Ord growers have contracted CSR to market its sugar
under arrangements that are reviewed annually.
There are no tariff barriers for sugar imports and no subsidies for domestic production
or exports resulting in domestic raw sugar prices reflecting export parity levels. Theinternational sugar market is characterized by government intervention in both
importing and exporting countries.
5. Grainco
A Grainco's core business includes grain storage, handling, logistics, marketing and
trading and the sale of seed, fertiliser, chemicals, crop credit and crop insurance. Inaddition, Grainco through its subsidiary companies handles a range of commodities
and provides consultancy and risk management services to agricultural based
industries.
Grainco is a Queensland based agribusine ss and is owned by Queensland's grain
producers.  It was formed in 1991 and is regulated by the Grain Industry
(Restructuring) Act 1991 .  In 1995 Grainco changed from a cooperative to an unlisted
public company.G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 15
B Grainco is a single desk seller of export barley from Queensland.  Grainco has vesting
powers for all wheat and barley grown in  Queensland, and for all sorghum grown in
central Queensland.  However, general exemptions from delivering vested grains are
granted for wheat, sorghum and barley to be sold domestically.
C No other traders in Queensland are permitted to export barley.  However, Grainco is
not the sole exporter of Australian barley.  Grainco does not import barley.
D Grainco determines barley exports on a purely commercial basis (e.g. surplus above
domestic use).
E Export prices are determined by Grainco and overseas buyers on a commercial basis.
Contracts to supply barley to export markets are generally determined by world
market prices for barley.  Net revenue from pooled sales of vested grain is returned to
growers.
F Not applicable; Grainco does not import barley.
G Grainco negotiates short and long term contracts to supply grain on a commercial
basis.  Grainco is not used to fulfil any Government contractual obligations.
H Around 60% of national barley production is exported annually.  Barley is exported
under single desk selling in each mainland State; by Grainco (Queensland), the New
South Wales Grains Board (New South Wales) , the Australian Barley Board (Victoria
and South Australia) and the Grain Pool of WA (Western Australia).  Domestic
marketing of barley is generally deregulated under exemption or permit arrangementsin the various States.  Domestic prices are largely influenced by expected pool returns
from barley export markets and domestic availability of alternative feed grains.
There are no import barriers for barley apart from quarantine restrictions.
The level of Grainco barley exports is determined by surplus above domestic use.
Total exports have ranged from zero to 645,000 tonnes, but have averaged around
150,000 tonnes over the past 15 years.  By far the most consistent importer of
Queensland barley has been Japan, averaging 50,000 tonnes per annum.
6. New South Wales Grains Board
A The Board's operations are limited to activities aimed at achieving the improved
marketing and promotion of New South Wales coarse grains and oilseeds.  The Boardacts as a marketing agent for the purposes of exporting vested commodities under a
single desk arrangement for New South Wales, and also operates as a single desk for
domestic sales of New South Wales malting barley.  The Board also operates in the
export market via a number of selling options including selling direct to end users on
a FOB and CIF basis and to agents and traders.
The Board also operates as a marketing agent and trades in unregulated grains and in
the domestic wheat market.  It has also acted as an agent for the ABB for the
purposes of exporting rapeseed.
In addition the Board is associated with maintaining labs, carrying out research,
entering into trade marketing arrangements and publishing relevant information.G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 16
B The NSW Grain Marketing Act  provides for the vesting of declared commodities in
New South Wales in the Board, which then operates as the single statutory marketing
authority responsible for the marketing of prescribed commodities (i.e. coarse grains
and oilseeds).  As mentioned in sub-section A above the Board is the single desk
exporter of vested grains as well as a single desk for domestic sales of New SouthWales malting barley.
The Board also appoints agents and authorized buyers to act as marketing or
purchasing agents.  An Authorised Buyer Scheme has been established for domestic
trade in commodities vested in the Board.  Buyers are registered with the Board and
collect a fee on commodities they handle.
The Board also has the following powers under its enabling Act to:
- process commodities or manufactures products from commodities;
- fix wholesale prices for grade, classes and descriptions of vested
commodities; and
- act as a purchasing agent for farm inputs.
These powers have never been exercised by the Board.
C The Board is the sole exporter of prescribed New South Wales commodities and the
sole domestic seller of New South Wales malting barley.  However, the Board is not
the sole Australian exporter of these commodities only accounting for New South
Wales production.  National exports of these goods are undertaken both by private
traders and other sub-national bodies such as the Grain Pool of WA and the
Australian Barley Board.
The Board does not import grain.  Private traders may import and market coarse
grains and oilseeds at their discretion and according to national sanitary and
phytosanitary restrictions.
D Exports of vested commodities by the Board are determined by international prices
for those commodities vis-à-vis domestic prices and other commercial considerations
related to the cost of exporting.  The Board does not import product.
E Export prices are determined by prevailing world prices.  Revenue received from
export and domestic sales is paid to producers on the basis of pool returns.  A number
of pools are operated for segregated grades and classes of grains.  The Board alsooffers a range of other marketing and payment options, including cash trading and
futures-linked contracts.  Deductions are also made on the basis of expenditure
incurred in marketing of the commodity, administration costs incurred by the Board
or any other activities carried out by the Board under the Act.
F Not applicable.
G Contracts are negotiated on a strictly commercial basis aimed at achieving maximum
returns to producers.
H Around 60% of national barley production is exported annually.  Barley is exported
under single desk selling in each mainland State; by Grainco (Queensland), the New
South Wales Grains Board (New South Wales) , the Australian Barley Board (Victoria
and South Australia) and the Grain Pool of WA (Western Australia).  Domestic
marketing of barley is generally deregulated under exemption or permit arrangementsG/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 17
in the various States.  Domestic prices are largely influenced by expected pool returns
from barley export markets and domestic availability of alternative feed grains.
There are no import barriers for barley apart from quarantine restrictions.
Grain sorghum is freely traded domestically, under exemption/permit arrangements in
Queensland and New South Wales.  Sorghum for export in New South Wales is sold
under single desk powers by the New South Wales Grains Board.  For oilseeds,
domestic trading is deregulated, although single desk export arrangements operate in
New South Wales through the New South Wales Grains Board, and in Western
Australia through the Grain Pool of WA.
Domestic prices of sorghum and oilseeds are largely influenced by returns from
export markets, and for sorghum, domestic availability of alternative feed grains.
There are no import barriers for sorghum or oilseeds apart from quarantine
restrictions.
7. Australian Barley Board (ABB)
A The operations of the Board are limited to the following activities:
a) to control the marketing of barley grown in Victoria and South Australia;
b) to market and promote efficiently and effectively grain in domestic and
overseas markets;
c) to co-operate, consult and enter into agreements with:
i) authorized receivers relating to the handling and storage of grain;
ii) carriers relating to the transport of grain;
d) to determine standards for classes and categories of grain delivered to the
Board;
e) to determine standards for the condition and quality of grain delivered b y
authorized receivers to purchasers;
f) to provide advice, as requested, to the Victorian and South Australian
Ministers about the marketing of grain.
B Through a compulsory delivery mechanism, whereby barley (and oats in South
Australia) must be delivered to the ABB or to a person issued by the ABB with a
permit or license to purchase barley directly from growers for domestic stockfeed or
domestic processing respectively, the ABB becomes the sole exporter of barley (and
oats) grown in Victoria and South Australia.
The Board has the power:
a) to acquire barley and other grain  (whether or not barley or other grain is
grown in Australia);
b) to dispose of barley and other grain;
c) to appoint agents, or to act as an agent, whether in or outside Australia;d) to give guarantees or indemnities;
e) to arrange the marketing of barley and other grain;
f) to promote, carry out or fund research and development that will assist in the
production or marketing of barley and other grains;
g) all other powers conferred on it by or under the Victorian Act or the South
Australian Act.
The ABB does not benefit from a government guarantee for its borrowings.G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 18
C The ABB allows the export of barley (and oats in South Australia) in containers or
bags.  There are currently no other exporters of barley or oats grown in Victoria or
South Australia in bulk form.  Additional information on domestic competitors and
conditions and outlined below (H).
The domestic feed barley market is effectively deregulated as permits are issued
automatically and at no cost.  Maltsters have entered Deeds of Arrangement with the
ABB as a condition of their licence to source malting barley directly from growers.
D The quantity of product exported will depend on market conditions and relative prices
on the world and domestic markets.  The ABB seeks to maximize the price received
and therefore returns to growers.  The ABB does not import barley.
E Grain is traded at the going market price.  Net revenue from pool sales is returned to
growers delivering to those pools.
F Not applicable.G Contracts are negotiated on a strictly commercial basis and are aimed at achieving
maximum returns to producers.
H Around 60% of national barley production is exported annually.  Barley is exported
under single desk selling in each mainland State; by Grainco (Queensland), the New
South Wales Grains Board (New South Wales) , the Australian Barley Board (Victoria
and South Australia) and the Grain Pool of WA (Western Australia).  Domestic
marketing of barley is generally deregulated under exemption or permit arrangements
in the various States.  Domestic prices are largely influenced by expected pool returnsfrom barley export markets and domestic availability of alternative feed grains.
There are no import barriers for barley apart from quarantine restrictions.
The domestic market for oats is essentially deregulated.  However, exports of oats are
subject to single desk selling by the Australian Barley Board in South Australia, andby the New South Wales Grains Board in New South Wales.
8. Grain Pool of Western Australia
A The Grain Pool of WA has been established by the Western Australian Government
under the Grain Marketing Act 1975  to provide orderly marketing of barley, lupins
and rapeseed.  The Grain Pool has single desk selling powers for these grains.  The
Grain Pool is a large multi-grain marketing authority, handling around 2.5 milliontonnes of grain per annum, with a turnover of over $500 million.
Seasonal pools are run for the prescribed grains, providing for all growers who
deliver their crop, allowing all growers to sh are in the indirect costs of marketing the
crop, while the direct costs of handling and freighting grain to ports is an individualcost to growers.  For each prescribed grain there is at least one pool per season, and
each pool is accounted for separately from all other pools.
Other non-statutory (traded) grains are traded by the Grain Pool under a number of
purchasing arrangements.
B The Grain Pool has the sole right under statute to export prescribed West Australian
grains from Australia.  This does not cover prescribed grains that have undergone a
value adding process that changes the physical characteristics of the grain.  As a non-G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 19
profit organization it does not pay tax.  It does not receive any financial support or
concessions from Government.
C The Grain Pool is the sole West Australian exporter of prescribed grains.  For non-
prescribed grains, any party can export as long as quarantine certificationrequirements are met.  As outlined below in sub-section H the Grain Pool is not the
sole exporter/trade of Australian grains.
D Export quantities are determined by the amount of prescribed grain delivered to the
pools and market requirements.  There are no quotas or incentives offered.
E Export prices are determined by the sale price negotiated by the Grain Pool.  For each
pool the grower receives the average price received for the grain delivered to the pool
less the pool administration costs.
F The Grain Pool is not involved in the importation of grain.
G The Grain Pool may enter into longer term contracts at its discretion.  There are no
contractual obligations entered into by the Government that the Grain Pool is required
to meet.
H Around 60% of national barley production is exported annually.  Barley is exported
under single desk selling in each mainland State; by Grainco (Queensland), the New
South Wales Grains Board (New South Wales) , the Australian Barley Board (Victoria
and South Australia) and the Grain Pool of WA (Western Australia).  Domestic
marketing of barley is generally deregulated under exemption or permit arrangements
in the various States.  Domestic prices are largely influenced by expected pool returnsfrom barley export markets and domestic availability of alternative feed grains.
Because of the small size of the domestic market and high production levels, the
Western Australian grains industry is highly export oriented.  For barley over 80% of
production is exported, with some local use for malting and livestock feed.  Withlupins around 70% of production is exporte d, with domestic consumption being for
livestock feed rations.  Rapeseed is currently nearly all exported, however a crushing
plant with a final capacity of 250,000 tonnes is to be set up in the South of the State.
The only import restrictions relate to quarantine issues.
9. New South Wales Rice Marketing Board
A Rice produced in New South Wales is vested in the Board.  The Board is responsible
for
the receipt, storage and disposal of all paddy rice produced in New South Wales on
an annual crop basis. The Board authorizes the Ricegrowers Co-operative Limited
(RCL) is, by virtue of this authorization, the sole marketer of New South Wales rice.
RCL markets New South Wales rice on domestic and international markets on thebasis of world free market prices.
B The RCL is the sole marketer of New South Wales rice on world markets.  All rice
grown in New South Wales is vested in the Board.  The Board has no control or
authority over the import of rice.
C The Board is the sole exporter and marketer of New South Wales rice in Australia.
There are no controls over rice grown elsewhere in Australia or on imports.G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 20
D Exports determined by world and domestic market prices.
E Export prices determined by world and domestic market prices.F Neither the Board, nor the Co-operative, imports rice into Australia except for
extreme circumstances.  A wholly owned subsidiary of the Co-operative does import
rice (mainly from Thailand) to fulfil specialty domestic markets.  Imported rice is
priced under normal commercial marketing arrangements and the revenue generated
by the subsidiary is retained within the Company.
G Neither the Board, nor the Co-operative, has entered into any long-term contracts for
the sale of any product.  The marketing strategy is to develop relationships withcustomers and supply product to order.
H Approximately 85 per cent of total New South Wales production is sold on the export
market.  The domestic market represents approximately 200,000 tonnes and is subject
to competition from production in other states and imports that amount toapproximately 40,000 tonnes per annum.  There are no restrictions on the importation
of rice into Australia by way of tariffs or duty.
IV. STATISTICAL INFORMATION ( SEE ATTACHED TABLES I - III)
V. REASON WHY NO FOREIGN TRADE HAS TAKEN PLACE ( AS APPROPRIATE)
(i-ix) Not applicable.
VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ( AS APPROPRIATE)
1. Wool International
In December 1998, the Australian Government passed legislation freezing all sales from the
stockpile and beginning the process of privatising Wool International.  The Australian Government
has introduced legislation to convert Wool International into a privately owned company operating
under Corporations Law.  On the conversion date of 1 July 1999 ownership of the stockpile was
transferred to the current Wool International unit holders.  The original unit holders were those wool
growers who paid wool tax in the period 1993-96 to repay the stockpile debt.  Some units have beensold to other investors since they were issued, but the Government has not purchased any.
From the conversion date, the Australian Government has no role in the management of the
wool stockpile and the Government guarantee on Wo ol International's debt was removed shortly after
conversion.  The new company operates in the marketplace in a fully commercial manner, and is no
longer a State Trading Enterprise.  As a result Wool International will not appear in future
notifications.
ITEMS NOT REPORTED IN THIS NOTIFICATION
The following bodies, which were reported in previous notifications, are not included in this
notification:
1. Australian Horticultural Corporation (AHC)
The power to undertake trading activities in horticultural products was removed in 1994.
However, at the request of the industries concerned the AHC currently uses its export control powers
to grant and review licences for export and to determine the conditions under which such exports of
apples, pears, citrus and stonefruit (excluding cherries) will be permitted.  The AHC currentlyG/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 21
administers export licensing on behalf of the apple, pear, citrus and stonefruit (excluding cherries)
industries at the request of these industries.  The export licensing system is used to administer the
quotas imposed by Chinese Taipei for Australian imports of apples, peaches and/or plums and citrus.
In other export markets licensing is used to impose conditions on export product such as packaging
and quality requirements.  There is no restriction on the number of export licenses which are availablefor issue and anyone who applies for a license receives one provided they are not a bankrupt or have a
recent criminal record.
Other than exports subject to AHC licensing pr ovisions as required for the Chinese Taipei
market, the export and import of horticultural produce from and into Australia is carried out by private
traders operating in the free market.
2. Australian Dried Fruits Board (ADFB)
The ADFB cannot engage in trading activities.  It does make recommendations in respect of
export licences to the AHC, which has the power to administer export licensing for dried vine fruit.
Other than exports subject to AHC licensing provisions, the export and import of dried vine fruit from
and into Australia is carried out by private traders operating in the free market.
3. Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation (AWBC)
The AWBC does not engage in trading activities.  The AWBC’s enabling legislation provides for it to
administer the export of wine from Australia.  The AWBC’s powers in relation to exports are to
provide licences to applicants, who meet the prescribed provisions, to export grape products fromAustralia.
The AWBC can determine any conditions that are to be applicable to registered geographical
indications, registered traditional expressions, registered ancillary protected expressions in relation to
wines manufactured in Australia or an OIV agreement country or registered in relation to a foreigncountry that is not an agreement country.  It also can determine the varieties of grapes from which
wine may be manufactured in Australia and to determine any conditions that are to be applicable to
the description and presentation of wine manufactured from grapes of those varieties.
Other than exports subject to AWBC licensing provisions, the export and import of grape
produce from and into Australia is carried on by private traders operating in the free market.  The
AWBC does not trade in its own right in the domestic or overseas market.G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 22
SECTION IV: STATISTICAL INFORMATION (TABLES I-III)
NOTES
The data required for these tables are not available on a consistent basis and so figures in different
columns are generally not comparable.  In particular, no adjustments have been made for factors such
as quality, transport, terms, and different time periods (e.g. marketing year versus fiscal year).
Differing sources have had to be used, also resulting in non-comparability.  In addition, much of the
data is not collected or is otherwise not available.  Where possible, estimates are provided.  For
domestic prices in a number of cases an estimate of import parity is provided, but this would normally
considerably overstate actual domestic sales prices.
Key to notes:
NA Not available.
N/A Not applicable.
1 Australian Dairy Corporation, Unpublished, 2000.
2 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), Australian
Commodity Statistics, 1999
3 AWB, Unpublished, 2000.
4 Wool items are not separately identified by tariff lines (wool yarn, tops, textiles, etc).5 Queensland Sugar Corporation, Unpublished, 2000.
6 ABARE, op. cit. , import parity.
7 New South Wales Grains Board, Unpublished, 2000
8 Grain Pool of WA, Unpublished, 2000.
9 ABARE, op. cit. , derived from import parity price.
10 New South Wales Rice Marketing Board, Unpublished, 2000.
11 New South Wales Rice Marketing Board, Unpublished, 2000, estimate.
12 ABARE, op. cit. , Australian indicator price.
13 Australia Dairy Corporation trades internationally on a competitive basis with private
Australian traders in these products.
14 ABARE, op. cit. , butter and butterfat.
15 Wool International.
16 Wool International, limited quantities are exported to replenish stocks held overseas.
17 Wool International, purchased under Reserve Price Scheme between 1989 – February 1991.
Scheme suspended 10 February 1991.
18 ABARE, op. cit. , 106 raw tonnes = 100 actual.
19 ABARE, op. cit.,  derived from value/volume.
20 Grainco.
21 ABARE, op. cit.,  derived from National/State exports.
22 ABARE, op. cit.,  derived from production ratio.
23 AWB and ABARE, op. cit. , derived.
24 All Queensland production is vested in the Queensland Sugar Corporation.25 ABARE, op. cit. , derived from raw value figures.
26 ABARE, op. cit. , domestic use and imports.
27 New South Wales Grains Board figures, op. cit.,  derived.
28 Australian Barley Board, Unpublished, 2000.
29 Grain Pool of WA, op. cit. , derived.
30 ABARE, op. cit. , derived.
31 Grain Pool of WA and ABARE figures, op. cit. , derived.
32 New South Wales Rice Marketing Board and ABARE, op. cit. , derived.G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 23TABLE I
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS
Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Total quantity
importedQuantity imported
by
state trading
enterpriseAverage
import priceAverage
representative
domestic sales
priceMark-up National
production
12 3 4 5 6 7
Butter/ Butteroil/ Blends
(HS 0405) – ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/98731
111
105nil N/A $2,440/t1
$2,350/t
$2,630/tN/A 1531
158
164
Cheese (HS 0406) – ADC ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9833
2
32
31nil N/A $3,372/t1
$3,361/t
$3,756/tN/A 2721
290
310
Skim milk powder
(HS 0402.10) – ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/981.35
1
1.82
2.55nil N/A $3,103/t1
$2,549/t
$2,450/tN/A 2151
223
215
Whole milk powder (HS
0402.20) - ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9893
1
109
109nil N/A $2,600/t1
$2,680/t
$2,450/tN/A 1131
134
128
Wheat (HS 1001) – AWB ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/980.5
3
0.8
1Less than 13
Less than 1
Less than 1N/A $304/t3
$241/t
$247/tN/A 16,5042
23,702
19,417
Wool (raw) (HS 5101) –
Wool International‘000 tonnes
(greasy)1995/96
1996/97
1997/98NA4nil N/A 387c/kg2
403c/kg
444c/kgN/A 6972
725
700
Raw Cane Sugar (HS
1701.11) – QSC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/980.823
5
0.763
0.613nil N/A $416/t6
$373/t
$402/tN/A 4,8372
5,301
5,567G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 24
Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Total quantity
importedQuantity imported
by
state trading
enterpriseAverage
import priceAverage
representative
domestic sales
priceMark-up National
production
12 3 4 5 6 7
Barley (HS 1003) –Grainco‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9818
7
nil
nilnil N/A $226.6/t2
$180.7/t
$179.5/tN/A 5,8232
6,696
6,482
Barley (HS 1003) – New
South Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98As above nil N/A As above N/A As above
Barley (HS 1003) - ABB ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98As above nil N/A As above N/A As above
Barley (HS 1003) – Grain
Pool of WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/98As above nil N/A As above N/A As above
Sorghum (HS 1007) NSW
Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9844
7
NA
NAnil N/A $200/t2
$183/t
$160/tN/A 1,5912
1,425
1,081
Rapeseed (HS 1205) –Grain Pool of WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/980.25
2
0.16
0.16nil N/A $373/t8
$346/t
$423/tN/A 5572
642
860
Oilseeds (HS 1207) – New
South Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/98902
66
62nil N/A $566/t9
$564/t
$634/tN/A 1,6842
1,815
2,056
Lupins (HS  0713.90) –Grain Pool of WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98nil
8
nil
nilnil N/A $202/t2
$211/t
$189/tN/A 1,5592
1,560
1,380
Rice – NSW RiceMarketing Board
(HS 1006)‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/9828
2
36
382.3510
5.06
2.56$613/t11
$519/t
$602/t$480/t12
$433/t
$445/tN/A 9512
1,388
1,331
Oats (HS 1004) – NSW
Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98N/A nil N/A N/A N/A 1,875
2
1,653
1,634G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 25Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Total quantity
importedQuantity imported
by
state trading
enterpriseAverage
import priceAverage
representative
domestic sales
priceMark-up National
production
12 3 4 5 6 7
Oats (HS 1004) – ABB ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98N/A nil N/A N/A N/A As aboveG/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 26
TABLE II
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS
Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Total quantity
exportedQuantity exported
by state trading
enterpriseAverage
procurement
priceAverage
representative
domestic sales
priceAverage
export priceNational
production
12 3 4 5 6 7
Butter/ Butteroil/ Blends
(HS 0405) - ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9860
2
100
95N/A13
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/A$2,440/t
1
$2,350/t
$2,630/t$2,99314
$2,217
$2,5131531
158
164
Cheese (HS 0406) - ADC ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/981192
129
153451
48
47$3,338/t1
$3,328/t
$3,718/t$3,372/t1
$3,361/t
$3,756/t$3,881/t2
$3,702/t
$3,955/t2721
290
310
Skim milk powder (HS
0402.10) – ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98169
2
192
17851
12
9$3,072/t1
$2,524/t
$2,426/t$3,103/t2
$2,549/t
$2,450/t$2,845/t1
$2,462/t
$2,495/t2151
223
215
Whole milk powder (HS
0402.20) - ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9881
2
97
95N/A13
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/A$2,600/t
1
$2,680/t
$2,450/t$3,141/t2
$2,779/t
$2,882/t1131
134
128
Wheat (HS 1001) - AWB ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/9813,2982
19,189
15,679All exported by
AWB$259/t3
$200/t
$195/t$304/t3
$241/t
$247/t$287/t2
$227/t
$235/t16,5042
23,702
19,417
Wool (raw) (HS 5101) –
Wool International‘000 tonnes
(greasy)1995/96
1996/971997/98422
15
495
438nil16
19
3N/A17
N/A
N/A387c/kg2
403c/kg
444c/kg453c/kg15
422c/kg
468c/kg69715
725
700G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 27Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Total quantity
exportedQuantity exported
by state trading
enterprisesAverage
procurement
priceAverage
representative
domestic sales
priceAverage
export priceNational
production
12 3 4 5 6 7
Raw Cane Sugar (HS
1701.11) - QSC‘000 tonnes
(raw value)1995/96
1996/971997/984,219
18
4,568
4,7584,2425
4,514
4,516$379/t2
$341/t
$343/t$416/t6
$373/t
$402/t$390/t19
$359/t
$380/t5,1272
5,619
5,901
Barley (HS 1003) –
Grainco‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/984,0422
4,331
3,4635320
175
NA$195/t2
$137/t
$158/t$227/t2
$181/t
$180/t$252/t7
$227/t
$241/t5,8232
6,696
6,482
Barley (HS 1003) – New
South Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98As above 495
2
707
NA$229/t21
$168/t
$152/tAs above As above As above
Barley (HS 1003, 1004) –
ABB‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98As above NA
1,889
2
1,702$222/t2
$180/t
$168/tAs above As above As above
Barley (HS 1003) – Grain
Pool of WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/98As above NA
1,5602
1,620$200/t2
$168/t
$145/tAs above As above As above
Sorghum (1007) - New
South Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98411
2
299
251327
nil
NA$224/t2
$175/t
$182/t$200/t2
$183/t
$160/t$236/t7
$234/t
$199/t1,5912
1,425
1,081
Oilseeds (HS 1207) - New
South Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98523
2
523
9081107
124
NANA
NANA$566/t
9
$564/t
$634/t$372/t2
$364/t
$379/t1,6842
1,815
2,056G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 28
Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Total quantity
exportedQuantity exported
by state trading
enterprisesAverage
procurement
priceAverage
representative
domestic sales
priceAverage
export priceNational
production
12 3 4 5 6 7
Lupins (0713.90) - Grain
Pool WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98887
2
881
97273622
740
846NA
NA$180/t
8$202/t2
$211/t$189/t$96/t
2
$221/t
$199/t1,5592
1,560
1,380
Rapeseed (HS 1205) -
Grain Pool of WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/983482
283
5907322
48
195NA
NA
$375/t$373/t8
$346/t
$423/t$392/t2
$364/t
$450/t5572
642
860
Rice (HS 1006) – NSW
Rice Marketing Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98633
2
520
680All exported by
Board$224/t10
$206/t
$216/t$480/t2
$433/t
$445/t$532/t2
$560/t
$583/t9512
1,388
1,331
Oats (HS 1004) – NSW
Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98233
2
124
155NA N/A NA NA 1,8752
1,653
1,634
Oats (HS 1004) – ABB ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/98As above NA N/A NA NA As aboveG/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 29TABLE III
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES
Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Domestic purchases
by state trading
enterpriseNational production Domestic sales by
state trading
enterpriseNational consumption
1 2345
Butter/ Butteroil/ Blends
(HS 0405) - ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9860
1
100
951531
158
164nil 521
50
55
Cheese(HS 0406) - ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9845
1
48
472722
290
310nil 1922
198
197
Skim milk powder
(HS 0402.10) – ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/9851
12
92151
223
215nil 412
43
34
Whole milk powder(HS 0402.20) - ADC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98N/A 113
1
134
128nil 201
24
16
Wheat(HS 1001) - AWB‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9815,143
3
21,849
14,38516,5043
23,702
19,4171,83923
2,677
NA4,1272
3,512
5,081
Wool (raw)(HS 5101) – Wool International‘000 tonnes
(greasy)1995/96
1996/97
1997/98nil
nil
nil697
2
725
70013215
117
9623315
252
230
Raw Cane Sugar
(HS 1701.11) - QSC‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98N/A
244,8372
5,301
5,5679275
894
77488625
1,106
1,386G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 30
Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Domestic purchases
by state trading
enterpriseNational production Domestic sales by
state trading
enterpriseNational consumption
1 2345
Barley
(HS 1003) - Grainco‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/9890
20
265
NA5,8232
6,696
6,4826220
NA
NA1,98826
2,202
2,083
Barley (HS 1003) – New South
Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98825
27
972
NAAs above 33027
265
NAAs above
Barley (HS 1003) – ABB ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/982,533
28
2,480
2,248As above 4878
513
401As above
Barley (HS 1003) - Grain Pool of
WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98NA
NA1,705
29As above NA
NA85
29As above
Sorghum (HS 1007) - New South
Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/97
1997/9810727
75
NA1,5912
1,425
1,081757
75
NA1,0372
1,192
897
Oilseeds (HS 1207) - New South
Wales Grains Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98NA 1,684
2
1,815
2,056N/A 1,1612
1,292
1,148
Lupins (HS 0713.90) - Grain Pool
of WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98NA
NA1,002
291,5592
1,5601,380NA
NA30
867230
679408G/STR/N/4/AUS
G/STR/N/5/AUS
Page 31Description of product(s)
(including HS number(s))Unit Year Domestic purchases
by state trading
enterpriseNational production Domestic sales by
state trading
enterpriseNational consumption
1 2345
Rapeseed (HS 1205) - Grain Pool
of WA‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98NA
NA207
315572
642860NA
NA12
83482
283590
Rice (HS 1006) – NSW Rice
Marketing Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98N/A 951
2
1,388
1,33131632
873
6541182
134
NA
Oats (HS 1004) – NSW Grains
Board‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98NA 1,875
2
1,653
1,634NA 1,5692
1,458
1,437
Oats (HS 1004) – ABB ‘000 tonnes 1995/96
1996/971997/98NA As above NA As above
__________