WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/AG/NG/W/27
11 July 2000
(00-2820)
Committee on Agriculture
Special SessionOriginal:  English
SECOND SPECIAL SESSION OF THE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
29-30 JUNE 2000
Statement by Japan
Comments by Japan on the Negotiating Proposals
As Japan is currently considering its negotiating proposal at internal level, we would like,
today, to refer to our basic stance concerning the points raised in the submitted proposals.
First, about the domestic support :
1. As the current framework of "Green", "Blue" and "Amber", established under the UR
Agreement, has its rationale, it is appropriate to maintain it.  In particular, the "Blue" policyshould be positively evaluated as the intermediate stage for shifting from "Amber" to
"Green".
2. The "Green" policies are also essential in order to, not only facilitate a smooth conversion
towards a market-oriented policy, but also to realise the consideration necessary for non-trade
concerns, including multifunctionality, in the agricultural policy.  The requirements and scope
for "Green" policies should be reviewed base d on the experiences gained from implementing
the UR Agreement, with a view to responding to the various concerns of each Member in a
flexible manner, taking into account the specific conditions in each Member.
Second, on market access :
1. The current tariff levels have been decided based on domestic geographical and natural
conditions, as well as on the situation of the respective products, resulting from a series of
trade negotiations.  It is therefore not appropriate to make a simple comparison of the tariff
levels among Members, and special consideration should be given to the tariffied products.  It
is necessary to examine them in a detailed manner, on a product-by-product basis, taking intofull consideration the various factors, such as the characteristics of each product, including its
supply and demand situation, the necessity of maintaining a certain level of domestic
agricultural production and the experiences obtained from implementing the UR Agreement.
It is not appropriate to discuss tariff reductions and the increase in access levels without
carrying out these examinations.  In the same context, we cannot support the idea of sectoralinitiatives.
2. The same consideration is required for the operation of tariff quotas, where currently various
kinds of methods are adopted according to each country's situation and the characteristics of
each product.  It is not rational to treat different products under a single rule of operation.G/AG/NG/W/27
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Next, on export disciplines :
1. In the UR Agreement, it was decided that all border measures regarding imports, other than
tariffs, were to be replaced in principle by tariffs.  However, the rules and disciplines on
exports, including export subsidies, export prohibitions/restrictions and export tax, remainlenient as compared with those on imports.
2. Not only from the viewpoint of the balance of rights and obligations between exporting and
importing countries, but also from that of food security in importing countries, the above
situation should be corrected.  A comprehensive examination is therefore required to
strengthen the rules and disciplines on export measures, including export prohibitions/
restrictions, export tax and export subsidies.
My fourth point is on developing countries issues :
1. Quite a number of developing countries, suffering from starvation and malnutrition, put their
first priority on the food security issue.  Nevertheless, difficult situations for the LeastDeveloping Countries (LDCs) and the Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDCs)
still prevail.
2. It is indispensable to properly address those difficulties faced by developing countries in the
agricultural negotiations.  Especially at stake is to enhance their capacity of sustainable foodproduction and rural employment.  From this point of view, it is important to fully analyse
and examine the experiences gained from implementing the UR Agreement.
Finally, on the time frame of negotiations :
1. The agricultural negotiations should be a part of a new round, and we should respect the
overall timeframe of the forthcoming new round.  It is, therefore, not possible at this stage to
decide the time frame for the agricultural negotiations.
Japan is currently working intensively towards producing its negotiating proposal.  As various
stakeholders in the agro-food sector have to be consulted, our proposal will be submitted to the
Secretariat at the end of this year.
Comments by Japan on the Background Papers of the Secretariat
(General remarks )
1. First and foremost, I would like to show my a ppreciation to the Secretariat for its efforts in
preparing such useful papers.  It is indispensable to scrutinize items of Article 20, if we are to
proceed with the negotiations according to that prescribed therein.
2. Before going on to any specific comments, I w ould like to ask the Secretariat to prepare the
following two papers for a future meeting.
3. First, concerning Article 20 (b), I would like to ask to improve Paper AIE/S7, dated
February 1998.  That paper shows a compilation of the various studies on the impact of theUR agreements, conducted by the relevant international organisations, but it covers only
developing countries.  Therefore, I would like to ask the Secretariat to show us the whole
picture of the impact of the UR agreements without limiting the scope only to developing
countries.G/AG/NG/W/27
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4. Second, concerning Article 20 (c), it would be indispensable to identify clearly what elements
are included in non-trade concerns.  As there have been various discussions both in the AIE
process and in the General Council on this matter, I would like to ask the Secretariat to
compile the elements of non-trade concerns, including those discussed in the AIE process and
in the General Council last year.
Having said that, I would like to make preliminary comments on five points from the Secretariat's
papers.
(Comments on the Secretariat's papers )
First, with regard to World agricultural trade after the Uruguay Round  (G/AG/NG/S/6,
G/AG/NG/S/11):
1. According to Paper S/11, exports of agricultural products have distinct characteristics in that
they are dominated by a small number of countries.  In addition, the volume of production
tends to fluctuate substantially, due to agricultural policies and weather conditions in majorcountries.  Such structures of agricultural trade and production make it difficult for importing
countries to be assured stable imports.  On the other hand, world food consumption is steadily
increasing, due to the population growth and changes in dietary patterns, especially in
developing countries.
2. Even through the UR Agreement, this situation was not improved, so we need to make further
analysis and examination of the experience obtained from implementing the UR Agreement
on this issue.
3. Another point is that Papers S/6 and S/11 clearly indicate that Japan imports more than 10 per
cent of world agricultural trade, and that it contributes significantly to the economies of
agricultural exporting countries, including those of developing countries.  I would like to
point out that Japan exports almost no food and that it is the largest net-food importer in the
world.
My second point is on domestic support  (G/AG/NG/S/1, G/AG/NG/S/2, G/AG/NG/S/12):
1. According to Paper S/2, many countries are providing domestic support by way of the Green
Box measures, and expenditure for "Green" policies are progressively increasing.  This means
that each country is reforming its agricultural policies, shifting from "Amber" to "Green"
policies.
2. With regard to the Blue Box, Japan is of the view that its importance should be properly
appreciated as an intermediary stage allowing a smooth shift of policy measures from
"Amber" to "Green".
3. As the current framework of "Green", "Blue" and "Amber", established under the UR
Agreement  has its rationale, it is appropriate to  maintain it.  At the same time, it is necessary
to review the requirements and scope for the Green Box based on the experiences gained from
implementing the Agriculture Agreement.
My third point is on tariff quotas  (G/AG/NG/S/7, G/AG/NG/S/8)
1. Papers S/7 and S/8 show that the fill rates of tariff quotas fluctuate year by year, depending on
the supply and demand situation and other market conditions.  These data clearly indicate thatG/AG/NG/W/27
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tariff quotas should be a provision on the import access opportunity and not on the actual
volume of imports.
2. Various methods are used for operating tariff quotas.  The issues on the tariff quota operation
require further examination based on the domestic and international supply and demandsituation and on the specific characteristics of each product.
3. According to the Secretariat's papers, the fill rates of the products imported by state trading
enterprises are higher and more stable in comparison to those of other products.  This proves
that state trading is an effective way of implementing tariff quotas.
The fourth point is on export disciplines  (G/AG/NG/S/5):
Regarding export disciplines, it is necessary to discuss disciplines not only on direct export subsidies
which are shown in Paper S/5, but also on export credit and other measures.  In any event, the
strengthening of export disciplines should be examined in a comprehensive manner, including that
concerning export subsidies, export credit, export tax and export prohibitions/restrictions.
Last, but not least, I would like to comment on the issues of least developed countries (LDCs) and
net-food importing developing countries (NFIDCs)  (G/AG/NG/S/3, G/AG/NG/S/4,
G/AG/NG/S/6):
1. Difficult situations for Least Developed C ountries (LDCs) and Net Food Importing Countries
(NFIDCs) still prevail.  Under these circumstance s, it is alarming that the volume of food aid
has been in decline over recent years, as indicated in Paper S/3.  Aid that responds to the
individual needs of LDCs and NFIDCs is strongly needed.
2. According to the report by the DAC, OECD, Ja pan is the number one donor country in the
field of agriculture, providing 38 per cent of the total world assistance (1996).  With regard to
trade, imports into Japan from developing countries account for 41 per cent of its total food
imports (1998).
This would conclude our preliminary observations for today with regard to the Secretariat's papers.
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