WORLD TRADE 
ORGANIZATION 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights IPlNllICANlP/l 
7 February 1997 
(97-0460) 
Original: English/French 
MAIN DEDICATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS AND REGULATIONS 
NOTIFIED UNDER ARTICLE 63.2 OF THE AGREEMENT 
Canada 
The present document reproduces! the following laws and regulations, as notified by Canada 
under Article 63.2 of the Agreement (see document IP/N/l/CAN/1): 
World Trade Organization Agreement Implementation Act, 
Sections 141 and 142 3 
The Patent Act (consolidated versions of 30 April 1996 
containing the WTO amendments as part of the integrated texts2) 4/5 
!English and French only 
2It should be noted that these are unofficial consolidations, prepared by the Department of Justice, which 
do not have official status. Il.$ .• t. p., 
"':OWlIl)'W 
"PU.I'J • 
J.imh:IIIM an 
u~Oi.Cllli· 
ConcluclOt 
1(~"lklla:y ['attn( .Act 
141. Seetiol1 1 or the Potent Act is 
amended by adding the rollowing in alpha­
beticalorder: 
"country" includes a Member of !he \l'orlt1 
Trade Organiza(ior.. a~ defined in :.ubscc­
lion '(i) of w. World Trade UrgalliZ/Jlion 
Agrtcmtm imp/emelltarion Acr, IP/N/lICAN/P/l 
Page 3 
Lei SUI' les brtl'tfS 
141. Vartide 2 de b Loi sur us brevets est 
modlfi~ par adJoncUop, selon J'ordre alpha-
beuque, de ee qui suit: 5 
5 « pays" Nownmcnt un membre de rOrgani­
sation mondiillc du commerce au scns du 
par.lgr.lphe 2(1) de la 1..oi de mise en oeuvre 
de I'Accord sur I'OrganisQrion mor:dia/~ du 
comn~rct. J 0 L.lt. cl\. p •• 
aP"J'Y'''' ·,rullu"O. 
14l, Section 19.1 oftbe Act is amended by 142. Varticle 19.1 de la merne loi est 
adding the following after subsection (3): 10 moclilie par adjonction. apres Ie par:1gra-
(4) The Commissioner may nOl, under 
secti(\n 19, authorize any u.~ ~( semi·con­
ductor lechnology other than a. public non­
commerci:ll use, phe (3), de ce qui suit: 
(4) Le commissairc nc pcut s'appuyer sur Llm~bIlOi\-
I' article J 9 pour llutoriser .l'usilge de la tech· 15 ~,~~ct,.u, 
nologie des semi-conducteurs. sauf dans les 
cas ou )'aulorl!iation CSt dcmand~e it. des fins 
publiques non commerciales, IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 4 
An Act respecting patents of invention 
1 Short title Patent Act 
CHAPTER P-4 
SHORT TITLE 
1. This Act may be cited as the Patent Act. 
R.S ,c P-4, s. 1. 
INTERPRETATION 
2 Definitions 
2. In this Act, except as otherwise provided, 
2 "applicant" «demandeur» 
"applicant" includes an inventor and the legal representatives of an applicant or inventor; 
2 "Commissioner" «commissaire» 
"Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Patents; 
2 "country" « pays » 
"country" includes a Member of the World Trade Organization, as defined in subsection 2(1) of 
the World Trade Organization Agreement Implementation Act; 
2 "invention" «invention» 
"invention" means any new and useful art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, 
or any new and useful improvement in any art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of 
matter, 
2 "legal representatives" «representants legaux» 
"legal representatives" includes heirs, executors, administrators, guardians, curators, tutors, assigns 
and all other persons claiming through or under applicants for patents and patentees of inventions; 
2 "Minister" «ministre» 
"Minister" means the Minister ofIndustry or such other member ofthe Queen's Privy Council for 
Canada as is designated by the Governor in Council as the Minister for the purposes of this Act; 
2 ''patent'' «brevet» 
"patent" means letters patent for an invention, 
2 ''patentee'' «brevett!» ou «titulaire d 'un brevet» 
"patentee" means the person for the time being entitled to the benefit of a patent; 
2 ''prescribed'' «reglementaire» 
"prescribed" means prescribed by rules or regulations of the Governor in Council and" in the case 
of a fee, includes a fee determined in the manner prescribed, 
"prescribed fee" [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c 33 (3rd Supp ), s. 1] 
2 ''priority date" «date de prioritt!» 
"priority date" means the date that, with respect to an application for a patent to which section 28 
applies, is the date on which an application for a patent describing the same invention was first 
filed in the other country referred to in that section; 
"regulation" and "rule" «reglement» et «regIe» 
"regulation" and "rule" include rule, regulation and form. 
"work on a commercial scale" [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 189] 
R.S , 1985, c P-4, s 2; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s 1, 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F); 1993, c 2, s 
2, c. 44, s. 189; 1994, c. 47, s 141, 1995, c. 1, s. 62 
HER MAJESTY 
2.1 Binding on Her Majesty 
2 1 This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province 
1993, c. 44, s. 190 Brevets, Loi sur les 
Loi concernant Ies brevets d'invention 
1 Titre abrege 
1. Loi sur les brevets. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 1. 
2 Definitions CHAPITRE P-4 
TITRE ABREGE 
DEFINITIONS IP/N/1/CAN/PIl 
Page 5 
2. Sauf disposition contraire, Ies definitions qui suivent s'appliquent a Ia presente IoL 
2 «brevet» ''patent'' 
«brevet» Lettres patentes couvrant une invention. 
«brevete» ou «titulaire d 'un brevet» ''patentee'' 
«brevete» ou «titulaire d'un brevet» Le titulaire ayant pour Ie moment droit a l'avantage d'un brevet. 
2 «commissaire» "Commissioner" 
«commissaire» Le commissaire aux brevets. 
2 «date de prioritb> "priority date" 
«date de priorite» La date, a l'egard d'une demande de brevet a Iaquelle I'article 28 s'applique, 
ou une demande de brevet pour Ia meme invention a ete deposee en premier lieu dans tel autre pays 
qui y est vise. 
2 «demandeur» "applicant" 
«demandeur» Sont as similes a un demandeur un inventeur et les representants legaux d 'un demandeur 
ou d 'un inventeur 
«exploitation sur une echelle commerciale» [Abrogee, 1993, ch. 44, art. 189] 
2 «invention» "invention" 
«invention» Toute realisation, tout procede, toute machine, fabrication ou composition de matieres, 
ainsi que tout perfectionnement de l'und'eux, presentant Ie caractere de Ia nouveaute et de l'utilite. 
2 «ministre» "Minister" 
«ministre» Le ministre de I 'Industrie ou tel autre membre du Conseil prive de Ia Reine pour Ie Canada 
charge par Ie gouverneur en conseil de l' application de la presente IoL 
2 « pays » "country" 
« pays» Notamment un membre de I 'Organisation mondiale du commerce au sens du paragraphe 
2(1) de la Loi de mise en oeuvre de I 'Accord sur I 'Organisation mondiale du commerce. 
«reglement» et «regie» "regulation" and "rule" 
«reglement» et «regIe» S'entendent notamment d'une formule. 
2 «reglementaire» ''prescribed'' 
«reglementaire» Prescrit par regIe ou reglement du gouverneur en conseil; dans Ie cas ou Ie terme 
qualifie une taxe, s'entend en outre d'une taxe dont Ie montant est determine selon les modalites 
reglementaires. 
2 «representants legaux» "Iegal representatives" 
«representants legaux» Sont assimiles aux representants Iegaux les heritiers, executeurs testamentaires, 
administrateurs, gardiens, curateurs, tuteurs, ayants droit, ainsi que toutes autres personnes reclamant 
par l'intermediaire ou a Ia faveur de demandeurs et de titulaires de brevets. 
«taxe reglementaire» [Abrogee, L.R (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 1] 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 2; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 1; 1992, ch. 1, art. 145(F); 1993, 
ch. 2, art. 2, ch. 44, art. 189, 1994, ch. 47, art. 141; 1995, ch. 1, art. 62. 
SA MAJESTE 
2.1 Obligation de Sa Majeste 
2.1 La presente loi lie Sa Majeste du chef du Canada ou d'une province. 
1993, ch. 44, art. 190. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 6 
3 Patent Office PATENT OFFICE AND OFFICERS 
3. There shall be attached to the Department of Industry, or to such other department of the Government 
of Canada as may be determined by the Governor in Council, an office called the Patent Office. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 3; 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F); 1995, c. 1, s. 63. 
4(1) Commissioner of Patents 
4. (1) The Governor in Council may appoint a Commissioner of Patents who shall, under the direction 
of the Minister, exercise the powers and perform the duties conferred and imposed on that officer by 
or pursuant to this Act. 
4(2) Duties of Commissioner 
(2) The Commissioner shall receive all applications, fees, papers, documents and models for patents, 
shall perform and do all acts and things requisite for the granting and issuing of patents of invention, 
shall have the charge and custody of the books, records, papers, models, machines and other things 
belonging to the Patent Office and shall have, for the purposes of this Act, all the powers that are or 
may be given by the Inquiries Act to a commissioner appointed under Part II of that Act. 
4(3) Tenure of office and salary 
(3) The Commissioner holds office during pleasure and shall be paid such annual salary as may be 
determined by the Governor in Council. 
4(4) Delegation 
(4) The Commissioner may, after consultation with the Minister, delegate to any person he deems 
qualified any of his powers, duties and functions under this Act, except the power to delegate under 
this subsection. 
4(5) Appeal 
(5) Any decision under this Act of a person authorized to make the decision pursuant to subsection (4) 
may be appealed in the like manner and subject to the like conditions as a decision of the Commissioner 
under this Act 
R.S., c. P-4, s 4; 1984, c. 40, s 57. 
5(1) Assistant Commissioner 
5. (1) An Assistant Commissioner of Patents may be appointed in the manner authorized by law and 
shall be a technical officer experienced in the administration of the Patent Office. 
5(2) Absence or inability to act 
(2) When the Commissioner is absent or unable to act, the Assistant Commissioner, or, if he also is 
at the same time absent or unable to act, another officer designated by the Minister, may exercise the 
powers and shall perform the duties of the Commissioner 
R S., c. P-4, s. 5 
6 Staff 
6. There may be appointed in the manner authorized by law such principal examiners, examiners, 
associate examiners and assistant examiners, clerks, stenographers and other assistants as are necessary 
for the administration of this Act. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 6. 
7(1) Officers of Patent Office not to deal in patents 
7. (1) No officer or employee of the Patent Office shall buy, sell, acquire or traffic in any invention, 
patent or right to a patent, or any interest therein, and every purchase, sale, assignment, acquisition 
or transfer of any invention, patent or right to a patent, or any interest therein, made by or to any officer 
or employee is void. 
7(2) Restriction 
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a sale by an original inventor or to an acquisition under the last 
will, or by the intestacy, of a deceased person. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 7. 
8 Clerical errors 
8. Clerical errors in any instrument of record in the Patent Office shall not be construed as invalidating 
the instrument, but, when discovered, they may be corrected by certificate under the authority of the 
Commissioner. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 8. IP/N/lICAN/P/l 
Page 7 
BUREAU DES BREVETS ET FONCTIONNAlRES 
3 Bureau des brevets 
3. Est attache au ministere de l'Industrie, ou a tout autre ministere federal que Ie gouverneur en conseil 
peut designer, un bureau appele Ie Bureau des brevets. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 3; 1992, ch. 1, art. 145(F); 1995, ch. 1, art. 63 
4(1) Commissaire aux brevets 
4. (1) Le gouverneur en conseil peut nommer un commissaire aux brevets. Sous la direction du ministre, 
celui-ci exerce les pouvoirs et fonctions qui lui sont attribues en conformite avec la presente loi 
4(2) Fonctions du commissaire 
(2) Le commissaire re<;:oit les demandes, taxes, pieces ecrites, documents et modeles pour brevets, 
fait et execute tous les actes et choses necessaires pour la concession et la delivrance des brevets; il 
assure la direction et la garde des livres, archives, pieces ecrites, modeles, machines et autres choses 
appartenant au Bureau des brevets, et, pour I' application de la presente loi, est revetu de tous les pouvoirs 
conferes ou qui peuvent etre conferes par la Loi sur les enquhes a un commissaire nomme en vertu 
de la partie II de cette loi. 
4(3) Occupation de poste et traitement 
(3) Le connltissaire occupe son poste a titre amovible et re<;:oit Ie traitement annuel fixe par Ie gouverneur 
en conseil. 
4(4) Delegation 
(4) Le commissaire peut, apres consultation avec Ie ministre, deleguer a toute personne qu'il estime 
competente les pouvoirs et fonctions que lui conrere la presente loi, sauf Ie pouvoir de deleguer prevu 
au present paragraphe 
4(5) Appel 
(5) 11 peut etre interjete appel d'une decision prise en vertu de la presente loi par une personne autorisee 
conformement au paragraphe (4) de la fa<;:on dont il peut etre interjete appel d'une decision du 
commissaire prise en vertu de la presente loi, et aux memes conditions 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 4; 1984, ch. 40, art 57. 
5(1) Sous-commissaire 
5. (1) Un sous-commissaire aux brevets peut etre nomme de la maniere autorisee par la loi 11 doit 
etre un fonctionnaire specialiste possedant de I' experience dans I' administration du Bureau des brevets. 
5(2) Absence ou emp&hement 
(2) En cas d'absence ou d'empechement du commissaire, Ie sous-commissaire, ou, en cas d'absence 
ou d'empechement de celui-ci, un autre fonctionnaire designe par Ie ministre, exerce les pouvoirs et 
fonctions du commissaire. 
S.R , ch. P-4, art. 5. 
6 Personnel 
6. Sont nommes, de la maniere autorisee par la loi, les examinateurs principaux, les examinateurs, 
les examinateurs associes, les examinateurs adjoints et les autres personnes necessaires a l'application 
de la presente loi. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 6. 
7(1) Le personnel du Bureau ne peut acheter ou vendre des brevets 
7 (1) II est interdit au personnel du Bureau des brevets d' acheter, de vendre ou d' acquerir une invention, 
un brevet ou un droit a un brevet, ou tout interet y afferent, ou d'en faire Ie commerce. Est nul tout 
achat, vente, cession, acquisition ou transport d'une invention, d'un brevet, d'un droit a un brevet, 
ou de tout interet y afferent, auquel est partie un membre du personnel du Bureau. 
7(2) Restriction 
(2) Le paragraphe (1) ne s'applique pas a une vente effectuee par l'auteur original d'une invention, 
ni a une acquisition par dernier testament ou par succession ab intestat d'une personne decedee. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 7. 
8 Erreurs d'ecriture 
8. Les erreurs d'ecriture dans tout document en depot au Bureau des brevets ne sont pas considerees 
comme invalidant Ie document. Toutefois, lorsqu' il s' en decouvre, elles peuvent etre corrigees au moyen 
d'un certificat sous l'autorite du commissaire. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 8. IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 8 
9 Destroyed or lost patents 
9. If any patent is destroyed or lost, a certified copy may be issued in lieu thereof on payment of the 
prescribed fee. 
R.S., c P-4, s. 9. 
10(1) Inspection by the public 
10. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and section 20, all applications for patents and documents 
filed in connection with applications for patents and all patents and documents filed in connection with 
patents shall be open to the inspection of the public at the Patent Office, under such conditions as 
may be prescribed. 
10(2) Exception 
(2) Except with the approval of the applicant, no application for a patent or document filed in connection 
with an application for a patent shall be open to the inspection of the public before the expiration of 
eighteen months after 
(a) the priority date of the application, in the case of an application to which section 28 applies, 
or 
(b) the date of filing of the application in Canada, in any other case. 
10(3) Idem 
(3) No application for a patent that is withdrawn before the expiration of the period referred to in 
subsection (2) that is applicable with respect to the application shall be open to the inspection of the 
public. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 10, R S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp ), s. 2. 
11 Patents issued out of Canada 
11 Notwithstanding the exception in section 10, the Commissioner, on the request of any person who 
states in writing the name of the inventor, if available, the title of the invention and the number and 
date of a patent said to have been granted in a named country other than Canada, and who pays or 
tenders the prescribed fee, shall inform that person whether an application for a patent of the same 
invention is or is not pending in Canada 
R.S., c P-4, s. 11. 
RUJ.,ES AND REGULATIONS 
12(1) Rules and regulations 
12 (1) The Governor in Council may make rules or regulations 
(a) respecting the form and contents of applications for patents; 
(b) respecting the form of the Register of Patents and of the indexes thereto; 
(c) respecting the registration of assignments, transmissions, disclaimers, judgments or other 
documents relating to any patent, ' 
(d) respecting the form and contents of any certificate issued pursuant to this Act, 
(e) prescribing the fees or the manner of determining the fees that may be charged in respect of 
the filing of applications for patents or the taking of other proceedings under this Act or under any 
rule or regulation made pursuant to this Act, or in respect of any services or the use of any facilities 
provided thereunder by the Commissioner or any person employed in the Patent Office; 
if) prescribing the fees or the manner of determining the fees that shall be paid to maintain in effect 
an application for a patent or to maintain the rights accorded by a patent, 
(g) respecting the payment of any prescribed fees including the time when and the manner in which 
such fees shall be paid, the additional fees that may be charged for the late payment of such fees 
and the circumstances in which any fees previously paid may be refunded in whole or in part, 
(h) for carrying into effect the terms of any treaty, convention, arrangement or engagement that 
subsists between Canada and any other country; 
(i) notwithstanding anything in this Act, for carrying into effect the terms of the Patent Cooperation 
Treaty done at Washington on June 19, 1970; 
(j) respecting the entry on, the maintenance of and the removal from the register of patent agents 
of the names of persons and firms, including the qualifications that must be met and the conditions 
that must be fulfilled by a person or firm before the name of the person or firm is entered thereon 
and to maintain the name of the person or firm on the register, 
(k) prescribing any other matter that by any provision of this Act is to be prescribed, and 9 Perte ou destruction de brevets IP/NIlICANIPI 1 
Page 9 
9. En cas de destruction ou de perte d'un brevet, it peut en etre delivre une copie certifiee, en 
remplacement du brevet qui aura ete detruit ou perdu, sur paiement de la taxe reglementaire. 
S R., ch. P-4, art. 9. 
10(1) Consultation des documents 
10. (1) Sous reserve des paragraphes (2) et (3) et de l'article 20, les demandes de brevet et documents 
relatifs a celles-ci et tous brevets et documents relatifs a ceux-ci, deposes au Bureau des brevets, peuvent 
y etre consultes aux conditions reglementaires 
10(2) Exception 
(2) Sauf sur autorisation du demandeur, ces demandes de brevet et les documents relatifs a celles-ci 
ne peuvent etre consultes, dans Ie cas d 'une demande a laquelle l' article 28 s' applique, qu' a l' expiration 
des dix-huit mois suivant leur date de priorite ou, dans les autres cas, qu'a l'expiration des dix-huit 
mois suivant la date de leur depot au Canada. 
10(3) Idem 
(3) La demande de brevet retiree avant I' expiration de la periode de temps applicable au titre du 
paragraphe (2) ne peut etre consultee. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 10; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 2. 
11 Brevets delivres a l'etranger 
11. N onobstant I' exception que renferme I' article 10, Ie commissaire informe toute personne qui declare 
par ecrit Ie nom de l'inventeur, si ce nom est disponible, Ie titre de l'invention ainsi que Ie numero 
et Ia date d'un brevet rapporte comme ayant ete accorde dans un pays designe autre que Ie Canada, 
et qui acquitte ou offre d'acquitter Ia taxe reglementaire, si une demande de brevet pour Ia meme 
invention est en instance au Canada. 
S.R, ch. P-4, art. 11. 
REGLES ET REGLEMENTS 
12(1) Regles et reglements 
12. (1) Le gouverneur en conseit peut, par regIe ou reglement . 
a) pn!voir la forme et Ie contenu des demandes de brevet, 
b) prevoir la forme du registre des brevets et de ses index, 
c) prevoir I 'enregistrement de tous documents -cessions, transmissions, renonciations, jugements 
ou autres -relatifs a un brevet, 
d) prevoir la forme et Ie contenu des certificats delivres sous Ie regime de la presente loi; 
e) prescrire les taxes qui peuvent etre levees pour Ie depot des demandes de brevet ou les autres 
formalites d' application de la presente loi ou de ses regles ou reglements ou pour des services ou 
I 'utilisation d' installations qui y sont prevus par Ie commissaire ou par tout fonctionnaire du Bureau 
des brevets ou prescrire les modalites de la determination de ces taxes; 
f) prescrire les taxes a payer pour Ie maintien en etat des demandes de brevet ainsi que des droits 
conferes par les brevets ou les modalites de leur determination; 
g) prevoir Ie paiement des taxes reglementaires, y compris Ie moment et la maniere selon laquelle 
ces taxes doivent etre payees, les surtaxes qui peuvent etre levees pour les paiements en souffrance, 
ainsi que les circonstances dans lesquelles les taxes peuvent etre remboursees en tout ou en partie; 
h) rendre effectives les stipulations de tout traite, convention, accord ou entente qui subsiste entre 
Ie Canada et tout autre pays, 
i) par derogation aux autres dispositions de la presente loi, rendre effectives les dispositions du Traite 
de cooperation en matiere de brevets fait a Washington Ie 19 juin 1970; 
j) prevoir l'inscription, Ie maintien et la suppression des noms de personne et d'entreprise dans 
Ie registre des agents de brevets, et notamment les conditions que doit remplir toute personne ou 
entreprise pour que son nom soit ainsi inscrit et maintenu; 
k) prendre toute autre mesure d'ordre reglementaire prevue par la presente loi; IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 10 
(I) generally, for carrying into effect the objects and purposes of this Act or for ensuring the due 
administration thereof by the Commissioner and other officers and employees of the Patent Office. 
12(2) Effect 
(2) Any rule or regulation made by the Governor in Council has the same force and effect as if it had 
been enacted herein. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 12; R.S., 1985, c 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 3. 
SEAL 
13(1) Seal of office 
13. (1) The Commissioner shall cause a seal to be made for the purposes of this Act and may cause 
to be sealed therewith every patent and other instrument and copy thereof issuing from the Patent Office. 
13(2) Seal to be evidence 
(2) Every court, judge and person shall take notice of the seal of the Patent Office, shall admit the 
impressions thereof in evidence in like manner as the impressions of the Great Seal are admitted in 
evidence and shall take notice of and admit in evidence, without further proof and without production 
of the originals, all copies or extracts certified under the seal of the Patent Office to be copies of or 
extracts from documents deposited in that Office. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 13. 
PROOF OF PATENTS 
14 Certified copies of patents as evidence 
14. In any action or proceeding respecting a patent authorized to be had or taken in Canada under this 
Act, a copy of any patent granted in any other country, or any official document connected therewith, 
purporting to be certified under the hand of the proper officer of the government of the country in 
which the patent has been obtained, may be produced before the court or a judge thereof, and the copy 
of the patent or document purporting to be so certified may be admitted in evidence without production 
of the original and without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have 
signed it. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 14. 
PATENT AGENTS 
15 Register of patent agents 
15. A register of patent agents shall be kept in the Patent Office on which shall be entered the names 
of all persons and firms entitled to represent applicants in the presentation and prosecution of applications 
for patents or in other business before the Patent Office. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 15; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 4. 
16 Misconduct 
16. For gross misconduct or any other cause that he may deem sufficient, the Commissioner may refuse 
to recognize any person as a patent agent or attorney either generally or in any particular case. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 16. 
APPEALS 
17 Practice on appeals 
17. In all cases where an appeal is provided from the decision of the Commissioner to the Federal 
Court under this Act, the appeal shall be had and taken pursuant to the Federal Court Act and the rules 
and practice of that Court. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 17; R.S., c. 1O(2nd Supp.), s. 64. 
18 Notice of appeal 
18. Whenever an appeal to the Federal Court from the decision of the Commissioner is permitted under 
this Act, notice of his decision shall be mailed by the Commissioner by registered letter addressed 
to the interested parties or their respective agents and the appeal shall be taken within three months 
after the date of mailing of the notice, unless otherwise extended by the Commissioner with the approval 
of the Minister and unless herein otherwise expressly provided. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 18; R.S., c. 1O(2nd Supp.), s. 64. 
USE OF PATENTS BY GOVERNMENT 
19(1) Government may apply to use patented invention 
19. (1) Subject to section 19.1, the Commissioner may, on application by the Government of Canada 
or the government of a province, authorize the use of a patented invention by that government. IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 11 
l) prendre toute autre mesure d'application de la presente loi ou pour en assurer la mise en oeuvre 
par Ie commissaire et Ie personnel du Bureau des brevets. 
12(2) Effet 
(2) Toute regIe ou tout reglement pris par Ie gouverneur en conseil a la meme force et Ie meme effet 
que s'il avait ete ediete aux presentes. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 12, L R (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 3. 
SCEAU 
13(1) Sceau du Bureau 
13. (1) Le commissaire fait faire un sceau repondant aux fins de la presente loi, et peut Ie faire apposer 
sur tous les brevets et autres documents, et leurs copies, emanant du Bureau des brevets. 
13(2) Le sceau fait foi 
(2) Les tribunaux, juges et autres personnes admettent d'office Ie sceau du Bureau des brevets et en 
admettent les empreintes en preuve, au meme titre que les empreintes du grand sceau. II en va de meme, 
sans autre justification et sans production des originaux, pour toutes les copies ou tous les extraits 
certifies, sous Ie sceau du Bureau des brevets, etre des copies ou des extraits conformes de documents 
deposes a ce Bureau. 
S R., ch. P-4, art. 13. 
PREUVE DES BREVETS 
14 Copies certifiees de brevets admises en preuve 
14. Dans toute poursuite ou procedure relative a un brevet, autorisee a etre prise ou exercee au Canada 
en vertu de la presente loi, une copie de tout brevet accorde dans un autre pays, ou de tout document 
officiel qui s'y rapporte, paraissant certifiee de la main du fonctionnaire competent du gouvernement 
du pays dans lequel ce brevet a ete obtenu, peut etre produite au tribunal, ou a un juge du tribunal, 
et la copie de ce brevet ou de ce document paraissant etre ainsi certifiee peut etre admise en preuve 
sans production de l'original et sans justification de la signature ou du caractere officiel de la personne 
qui parait I' avoir signee 
S R., ch. P-4, art 14. 
AGENTS DE BREVETS 
15 Registre des agents de brevets 
15. Au Bureau des brevets est tenu un registre des agents de brevets sur lequel sont inscrits les noms 
de toutes les personnes et entreprises ayant Ie droit de representer les demandeurs dans la presentation 
et la poursuite des demandes de brevet ou dans toute autre affaire devant Ie Bureau des brevets 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 15, L R (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art 4. 
16Inconduite 
16. Pour inconduite grossiere, ou pour toute autre cause qu' il juge suffisante, Ie commissaire peut refuser 
de reconnaitre une personne comme procureur ou agent de brevets, soit dans tous les cas en general, 
soit dans un cas partieulier. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 16. 
APPELS 
17 Pratique d'appel 
17. Dans tous les cas ou appel est prevu de la decision du commissaire a la Cour federale en vertu 
de la presente loi, cet appel est interjete conformement a la Loi sur la Cour jederale et aux regles et 
a la pratique de ce tribunal. 
S R., ch. P-4, art. 17; S.R., ch. 1O(2e suppl.), art. 64. 
18 Avis d'appel 
18. Lorsque la presente loi autorise appel de la decision du commissaire a la Cour federale, Ie 
commissaire adresse, par courrier recommande, un avis de sa decision aux parties interessees ou a 
leurs agents respectifs, et l'appel doit etre interjete dans un delai de trois mois a compter de la date 
de l'envoi de cet avis, a moins que ce delai ne soit autrement prolonge par Ie commissaire avec 
l'approbation du ministre, et sauf disposition expressement contraire de la presente loi. 
S.R., ch P-4, art. 18; S.R., ch. 1O(2e suppl.), art. 64 
USAGES DE BREVETS PAR LE GOUVERNEMENT 
19(1) Demande d'usage d'une invention brevetee par Ie gouvemement 
19. (1) Sous reserve de l'artic1e 19.1, Ie commissaire peut, sur demande du gouvernement du Canada 
ou d'une province, autoriser celui-ci a faire usage d'une invention brevetee. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 12 
19(2) Tenns of use 
(2) Subject to section 19.1, the use of the patented invention may be authorized for such purpose, for 
such period and on such other terms as the Commissioner considers expedient but the Commissioner 
shall settle those terms in accordance with the following principles: 
(a) the scope and duration of the use shall be limited to the purpose for which the use is authorized; 
(b) the use authorized shall be non-exclusive; and 
(c) any use shall be authorized predominantly to supply the domestic market. 
19(3) Notice 
(3) The Commissioner shall notify the patentee of any use of the patented invention that is authorized 
under this section. 
19(4) Payment of remuneration 
(4) Where the use of the patented invention is authorized, the authorized user shall pay to the patentee 
such amount as the Commissioner considers to be adequate remuneration in the circumstances, taking 
into account the economic value of the authorization. 
19(5) Termination of authorization 
(5) The Commissioner may, on application by the patentee and after giving all concerned parties an 
opportunity to be heard, terminate the authorization if the Commissioner is satisfied that the circumstances 
that led to the granting of the authorization have ceased to exist and are unlikely to recur, subject to 
such conditions as the Commissioner deems appropriate to protect the legitimate interests of the 
authorized user. 
19(6) Authorization not transferable 
(6) An authorization granted under this section is not transferable. 
R S., 1985, c P-4, s. 19; 1993, c. 44, s. 191. 
19.1(1) Conditions for authorizing use 
19.1 (1) The Commissioner may not authorize the use of a patented invention under section 19 unless 
the applicant establishes that 
(a) it has made efforts to obtain from the patentee on reasonable commercial terms and conditions 
the authority to use the patented invention; and 
(b) its efforts have not been successful within a reasonable period. 
19.1(2) Exception 
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in cases of national emergency or extreme urgency or where the use 
for which the authorization is sought is a public non-commercial use. 
19.1(3) Prescribed uses 
(3) The Commissioner may not, under section 19, authorize any use that is a prescribed use unless 
the proposed user complies with the prescribed conditions. . 
19.1(4) Limitation on use of semi-conductor technology 
(4) The Commissioner may not, under section 19, authorize any use of semi-conductor technology 
other than a public non-commercial use. 
1993, c. 44, s 191; 1994, c. 47, s. 142. 
19.2 Appeal 
19 2 Any decision made by the Commissioner under section 19 or 19.1 is subject to appeal to the Federal 
Court. 
1993, c 44, s. 191. 
19.3(1) Regulations 
19.3 (1) The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purpose of implementing, in relation 
to patents, Article 1720 of the Agreement. 
19.3(2) Definition of "Agreement" 
(2) In subsection (1), "Agreement" has the same meaning as in subsection 2(1) of the North American 
Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act. 
1993, c. 44, s. 191. 19(2) Modalites IP/NIlICANlP1 1 
Page 13 
(2) Sous reserve de I'article 19.1, I'usage de I'invention brevetee peut etre autorise aux fins, pour Ia 
duree et selon Ies autres modalites que Ie commissaire estime convenables. Celui-ci fixe ces modalites 
en tenant compte des principes suivants : 
a) Ia portee et Ia duree de I'usage doivent etre limitees aux fins auxquelles celui-ci a ete autorise; 
b) I'usage ne peut etre exclusif; 
c) I'usage doit etre avant tout autorise pour I'approvisionnement du marche interieur. 
19(3) Avis 
(3) Le commissaire avise Ie brevete des usages de I 'invention brevetee qui sont autorises sous Ie regime 
du present article. 
19(4) Paiement d'une remuneration 
(4) L 'usager de I 'invention brevetee paie au brevete Ia remuneration que Ie commissaire estime adequate 
en I'espece, compte tenu de la valeur economique de I'autorisation. 
19(5) Fin de l'autorisation 
(5) Le commissaire peut, sur demande du brevete et apres avoir donne aux interesses la possibilite 
de se faire entendre, mettre fin a I' autorisation s' it est convaincu que Ies circonstances qui y ont conduit 
ont cesse d'exister et ne se reproduiront vraisemblablement pas. Le cas echeant, it doit toutefois veiller 
a ce que les inten!ts legitimes des personnes autorisees soient proteges de facron adequate. 
19(6) Incessibilite 
(6) L'autorisation prevue au present article est incessible. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 19; 1993, ch. 44, art. 191. 
19.1(1) Conditions preruables 
19.1 (1) Le commissaire ne peut donner l' autorisation visee a l' article 19 que si Ie demandeur lui 
demontre que . 
a) d'une part, it s'est efforce d'obtenir I'autorisation aupres du brevete, a des conditions etmodalites 
commerciales raisonnables; 
b) d'autre part, ses efforts n'ont pas abouti dans un delai raisonnable. 
19.1(2) Exception 
(2) Le paragraphe (1) ne s' applique pas dans Ies cas de situation nationale critique ou d' extreme urgence 
ou dans Ies cas OU l'autorisation est demandee a des fins publiques non commerciales. 
19.1(3) Usages prevus par reglement 
(3) Le commissaire ne peut s'appuyer sur I'article 19 pour autoriser des usages prevus par reglement, a moins que I'usager eventuel ne respecte Ies conditions reglementaires. 
19.1(4) Limitation -semi-conducteurs 
(4) Le commissaire ne peut s'appuyer sur I'article 19 pour autoriser l'usage de la technologie des 
semi-conducteurs, sauf dans les cas ou I'autorisation est demandee a des fIns publiques non commerciales. 
1993, ch. 44, art. 191; 1994, ch 47, art. 142. 
19.2 Appel 
19.2 Toute decision rendue par Ie commissaire dans Ie cadre des articles 190u 19.1 peut faire I'objet 
d'un appel devant Ia Cour federale. 
1993, ch. 44, art. 191 
19.3(1) Reglements 
19.3 (1) Le gouverneur en conseit peut prendre, concernant Ies brevets, des reglements pour Ia mise 
en oeuvre de I' article 1720 de l' Accord. 
19.3(2) Definition de « Accord » 
(2) Au paragraphe (1), « Accord» s'entend au sens du paragraphe 2(1) de Ia Loi de mise en oeuvre 
de I 'Accord de libre-echange nord-americain. 
1993, ch. 44, art. 191. IP/N/1/CANIP/l 
Page 14 
GOVERNMENT OWNED PATENTS 
20(1) Assignment to Minister of National Defence 
20. (1) Any officer, servant or employee of the Crown or of a corporation that is an agent or servant 
of the Crown, who, acting within the scope of his duties and employment, invents any invention in 
instruments or munitions of war shall, if so required by the Minister of National Defence, assign to 
that Minister on behalf of Her Majesty all the benefits of the invention and of any patent obtained or 
to be obtained for the invention. 
20(2) Idem 
(2) Any person other than a person described in subsection (1) who invents an invention described 
in that subsection may assign to the Minister of National Defence on behalf of Her Majesty all the 
benefits of the invention and of any patent obtained or to be obtained for the invention. 
20(3) Inventor entitled to compensation 
(3) An inventor described in subsection (2) is entitled to compensation for an assignment to the Minister 
of National Defence under this Act and in the event that the consideration to be paid for the assignment 
is not agreed on, it is the duty of the Commissioner to determine the amount of the consideration, which 
decision is subject to appeal to the Federal Court. 
20(4) Proceedings before Federal Court 
(4) Proceedings before the Federal Court under subsection (3) shall be held in camera on request made 
to the court by any party to the proceedings. 
20(5) Vesting on assignment 
(5) An assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act effectually vests the benefits 
of the invention and patent in the Minister of National Defence on behalf of Her Majesty, and all 
covenants and agreements therein contained for keeping the invention secret and otherwise are valid 
and effectual, notwithstanding any want of valuable consideration, and may be enforced accordingly 
by the Minister of National Defence. 
20(6) Person making assignment and person having knowledge thereof 
(6) Any person who has made an assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this section, 
in respect of any covenants and agreements contained in such assignment for keeping the invention 
secret and otherwise in respect of all matters relating to that invention, and any other person who has 
knowledge of such assignment and of such covenants and agreements, shall be, for the purposes of 
the OjJidal Secrets Act, deemed to be persons having in their possession or control information respecting 
those matters that has been entrusted to them in confidence by any person holding office under Her 
Majesty, and the communication of any of that information by the first mentioned persons to any person 
other than one to whom they are authorized to communicate with, by or on behalf of the Minister of 
National Defence, is an offence under section 4 of the Offidal Secrets Act. 
20(7) Minister may submit application for patent 
(7) Where any agreement for an assignment to the Minister of National Defence under this Act has 
been made, the Minister of National Defence may submit an application for patent for the invention 
to the Commissioner, with the request that it be examined for patentability, and if the application is 
found allowable may, before the grant of any patent thereon, certify to the Commissioner that, in the 
public interest, the particulars of the invention and of the manner in which it is to be worked are to 
be kept secret. 
20(8) Secret application 
(8) If the Minister of National Defence so certifies, the application and specification, with the drawing, 
if any, and any amendment of the application, and any copies of those documents and the drawing 
and the patent granted thereon shall be placed in a packet sealed by the Commissioner under authority 
of the Minister of National Defence. 
20(9) Custody of secret application 
(9) The packet described in subsection (8) shall, until the expiration of the term during which a patent 
for the invention may be in force, be kept sealed by the Commissioner, and shall not be opened except 
under the authority of an order of the Minister of National Defence. 
20(10) Delivery of secret application 
(10) The packet described in subsection (8) shall be delivered at any time during the continuance of 
the patent to any person authorized by the Minister of National Defence to receive it, and shall, if 
returned to the Commissioner, be kept sealed by him. IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 15 
BREVETS APPARTENANT AU GOUVERNEMENT 
20(1) Cession au ministre de la Defense nationale 
20. (1) Tout membre de l'administration publique federale ou du personnel d'une personne morale 
qui est un agent ou au service de la Couronne, qui, dans l'exercice de ses fonctions ou dans Ie cadre 
de son emploi, realise une invention portant sur des instruments ou munitions de guerre, est tenu, s'il 
en est requis par Ie ministre de la Defense nationale, de ceder a celui-ci, pour Ie compte de Sa Majeste, 
Ie plein benefice de l'invention et de tout brevet obtenu ou a obtenir pour celle-ci. 
20(2) Idem 
(2) Toute autre personne qui est l'auteur d'une telle invention peut ceder au ministre de la Defense 
nationale, pour Ie compte de Sa Majeste, Ie plein benefice de l'invention et de tout brevet obtenu ou 
a obtenir pour celle-ci. 
20(3) L'inventeur a droit a une indemnite 
(3) L'inventeur vise au paragraphe (2) a droit a une indemnite pour une cession au ministre de la Defense 
nationale prevue dans la presente loi. S'il n'a pas ete convenu de la consideration a verser pour une 
telle cession, Ie commissaire en determine Ie montant, mais il peut etre interjete appel de sa decision 
ala Cour federale. 
20(4) Proc~dures devant la Cour federale 
(4) Les procedures intentees devant la Cour federale sous Ie regime du paragraphe (3) ont lieu a huis 
clos, sur demande formulee au tribunal par une des parties. 
20(5) La cession attribue les avantages 
(5) La cession attribue efficacement au ministre de la Defense nationale, pour Ie compte de Sa Majeste, 
Ie benefice de l'invention et du brevet, et tous les engagements et conventions y contenus aux fins de 
garder, notamment, l'invention secrete sont valables et efficaces, nonobstant toute absence de contrepartie, 
et peuvent etre executes en consequence par Ie ministre de la Defense nationale. 
20(6) Cedant et personne ayant connaissance de la cession 
(6) Toute personne qui a fait au ministre de la Defense nationale une cession prevue au present article, 
en ce qui concerne les engagements et conventions contenus dans cette cession aux fins de garder, 
notamment, I 'invention secrete et en ce qui concerne toutes matieres relatives a l'invention en question, 
et toute autre personne qui est au courant d'une telle cession et de ces engagements et conventions 
sont, pour I' application de laLoi sur les secrets officiels, reputees des personnes ayant en leur possession 
ou sous leur contr6le des renseignements sur ces matieres qui leur ont ete commis en toute confiance 
par une personne detenant un poste qui releve de Sa Majeste. La communication de l'un de ces 
renseignements par les personnes mentionnees en premier lieu a une personne autre que celIe avec 
laquelle elles sont autorisees a communiquer par Ie ministre de la Defense nationale ou en son nom, 
constitue une infraction a l'article 4 de la Loi sur les secrets officiels. 
20(7) Le ministre peut presenter une demande de brevet 
(7) Lorsqu'une convention a ete conclue pour une telle cession, Ie ministre de la Defense nationale 
peut presenter au commissaire une demande de brevet pour l'invention, accompagnee d'une requete 
pour etude en vue de determiner si elle est brevetable, et si cette demande est jugee recevable, il peut, 
avant que soit accorde tout brevet en l'espece, certifier au commissaire que, dans l'interet public, les 
details de l'invention et de la maniere dont elle sera exploitee doivent etre tenus secrets 
20(8) Demande secrete 
(8) Si Ie ministre de la Defense nationale Ie certifie, la demande et Ie memo ire descriptif, avec Ie dessin, 
Ie cas echeant, ainsi que toute modification de Ia demande et toutes copies de ces documents et dessin, 
de meme que Ie brevet accorde en I' espece, sont places dans un paquet scelle par Ie commissaire sous 
l'autorite du ministre de la Defense nationale. 
20(9) Garde de la demande secrete 
(9) Jusqu'a l'expiration de la periode durant laquelle un brevet pour l'invention peut etre en vigueur, 
Ie paquet est garde scelle par Ie commissaire, et il ne peut etre ouvert que sous l'autorite d'un arrete 
du ministre de la Defense nationale. 
20(10) Transmission de la demande secrete 
(10) Le paquet est remis pendant la duree du brevet a toute personne autorisee par Ie ministre de la 
Defense nationale a Ie recevoir, et, s'il est retourne au commissaire, ce dernier Ie garde scelle. IP/NI1/CAN/PI 1 
Page 16 
20(11) Delivery to Minister 
(11) On the expiration of the term of the patent, the packet described in subsection (8) shall be delivered 
to the Minister of National Defence. 
20(12) Revocation 
(12) No proceeding by petition or otherwise lies to have declared invalid or void a patent granted for 
an invention in relation to which a certificate has been given by the Minister of National Defence under 
subsection (7), except by permission of the Minister. 
20(13) Prohibition of publication and inspection 
(13) No copy of any specification or other document or drawing in respect of an invention and patent, 
by this section required to be placed in a sealed packet, shall in any manner whatever be published 
or open to the inspection of the public, but, except as otherwise provided in this section, this Act shall 
apply in respect of the invention and patent. 
20(14) Waiver by Minister 
(14) The Minister of National Defence may at any time waive the benefit of this section with respect 
to any particular invention, and the specification, documents and drawing relating thereto shall thereafter 
be kept and dealt with in the regular way. 
20(15) Rights protected 
(15) No claim shall be allowed in respect of any infringement of a patent that occurred in good faith 
during the time that the patent was kept secret under this section, and any person who, before the 
publication of the patent, had in good faith done any act that, but for this subsection would have given 
rise to a claim, is entitled, after the publication, to obtain a licence to manufacture, use and sell the 
patented invention on such terms as may, in the absence of agreement between the parties, be settled 
by the Commissioner or by the Federal Court on appeal from the Commissioner. 
20(16) Communication to Minister 
(16) The communication of any invention for any improvement in munitions of war to the Minister 
of National Defence, or to any person or persons authorized by the Minister of National Defence to 
investigate the invention or the merits thereof, shall not, nor shall anything done for the purposes of 
the investigation, be deemed use or publication of the invention so as to prejudice the grant or validity 
of any patent for the invention. 
20(17) Order to keep non-assigned application secret 
(17) The Governor in Council, if satisfied that an invention relating to any instrument or munition 
of war, described in any specified application for patent not assigned to the Minister of National Defence, 
is vital to the defence of Canada and that the publication of a patent therefor should be prevented in 
order to preserve the safety of the State, may order that the invention and application and all the 
documents relating thereto shall be treated for all purposes of this section as if the inventi6n had been 
assigned or agreed to be assigned to the Minister of National Defence. 
20(18) Rules 
(18) The Governor in Council may make rules for the purpose of ensuring secrecy with respect to 
applications and patents to which this section applies and generally to give effect to the purpose and 
intent thereof 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 20; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64. 
21 Agreement between Canada and other government 
21. Where by any agreement between the Government of Canada and any other government it is provided 
that the Government of Canada will apply section 20 to inventions disclosed in any application for 
a patent assigned or agreed to be assigned by the inventor to that other government, and the 
Commissioner is notified by any minister of the Crown that the agreement extends to an invention 
in a specified application, the application and all the documents relating thereto shall be dealt with 
as provided in section 20, except subsections (3) and (4), as if the invention had been assigned or agreed 
to be assigned to the Minister of National Defence. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 21. 20(11) Transmission au ministre IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 17 
(11) A l'expiration de la duree du brevet, Ie paquet est transmis au ministre de la Defense nationale. 
20(12) Revocation 
(12) Nulle procedure par voie de petition ou autrement n'est recevable en vue de faire declarer invalide 
ou nul un brevet concede pour une invention it I' egard de laquelle Ie ministre de la Defense nationale 
a donne un certificat aux termes du paragraphe (7), sauf sur permission de ce demier. 
20(13) Interdiction relative a la publication et l'inspection 
(13) Aucune copie d'un memo ire descriptif ou autre document ou dessin it placer dans un paquet scelle, 
aux termes du present article, ne peut de quelque maniere que ce soit etre publiee ni etre accessible 
it l'inspection du public. Toutefois, sauf prescriptions contraires du present article, la presente loi 
s'applique it l'egard d'une invention et d'un brevet qui y sont vises. 
20(14) Renonciation par Ie ministre 
(14) Le ministre de la Defense nationale peut renoncer aux avantages du present article en ce qui concerne 
une invention particuliere et, des lors, Ie memo ire descriptif, les documents et Ie des sin sont gardes 
et traites de la maniere reguliere. 
20(15) Droits sauvegardes 
(15) II ne peut etre fait droit it une reclamation concernant une contrefac;:on de brevet qui s'est produite 
de bonne foi pendant la periode ou Ie brevet a ete tenu secret sous Ie regime du present article. 
Quiconque, avant la publication de ce brevet, avait accompli de bonne foi un acte qui, sans Ie present 
paragraphe, aurait donne lieu a une telle reclamation, a droit, apres la publication en question, d' obtenir 
une licence pour fabriquer, utiliser et vendre l'invention brevetee aux termes qui, en l'absence de 
convention entre les parties, peuvent etre arretes par Ie commissaire ou par Ia Cour federale sur appel 
de la decision du commissaire. 
20(16) Communication au rninistre 
(16) La communication au ministre de la Defense nationale, ou a toute personne autorisee par ce dernier a en faire I'examen ou a en etudier les merites, de toute invention destinee a un perfectionnement de 
munitions de guerre, n'est pas reputee, non plus qu'une chose faite aux fins de l'enquete, constituer 
un usage ou une publication de cette invention qui puisse nuire a I'octroi ou a Ia validite d'un brevet 
a cet egard 
20(17) Decret pour tenir secrete la demande non cedee 
(17) Si Ie gouverneur en conseil est convaincu qu'une invention relative a tout instrument ou munition 
de guerre, decrite dans une demande specifiee de brevet non cedee au ministre de la Defense nationale, 
est essentielle a la defense du Canada et que la publication d 'un brevet en I' espece devrait etre empechee 
afin de maintenir la securite de l'Etat, il peut ordonner que ces invention et demande ainsi que tous 
les documents s'y rattachant soient traites, pour I'application du present article, comme si l'invention 
avait ete cedee, ou comme s' il avait ete convenu de ceder I' invention, au ministre de la Defense nationale 
20(18) Regles 
(18) Le gouverneur en conseil peut etablir des regles pour assurer Ie secret en ce qui concerne les 
demandes et les brevets vises par Ie present article et, d'une fac;:on generale, pour son application 
SR., ch. P-4, art. 20; S R., ch. 10(2" supp!.), art. 64. 
21 Accord entre Ie Canada et un autre gouvemement 
21. Si, aux termes d'un accord entre Ie gouvemement du Canada et tout autre gouvernement, il est 
prevu que Ie gouvernement du Canada appliquera I' article 20 aux inventions decrites dans une demande 
de brevet cede par l'iilVenteur, ou que celui-ci convient de ceder, a cet autre gouvernement, et si un 
ministre avise Ie commissaire que cet accord s'etend a I'invention dans une demande specifiee, cette 
demande et tous les documents s'y rattachant sont traites de la maniere prevue a l'article 20, sauf les 
paragraphes (3) et (4), comme si l'invention avait ete cedee, ou qu'il avait ete convenu de ceder 
I'invention, au ministre de la Defense nationale. 
S R., ch. P-4, art. 21. IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 18 
PATENTS RELATING TO ATOMIC ENERGY 
22 Communication to Atomic Energy Control Board 
22. Any application for a patent for an invention that, in the opinion of the Commissioner, relates to 
the production, application or use of atomic energy shall, before it is dealt with by an examiner appointed 
pursuant to section 6 or is open to inspection by the public under section 10, be communicated by the 
Commissioner to the Atomic Energy Control Board 
RS., 1985, c. P-4, s. 22; RS., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 5. 
GENERAL 
23 Patented invention in vessels, aircraft, etc., of any country 
23. No patent shall extend to prevent the use of any invention in any ship, vessel, aircraft or land vehicle 
of any country entering Canada temporarily or accidentally, if the invention is employed exclusively 
for the needs of the ship, vessel, aircraft or land vehicle, and not so used for the manufacture of any 
goods to be sold within or exported from Canada. 
RS., c. P-4, s. 23. 
24. [Repealed, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 6] 
25 Cost of proceedings before the court 
25. In all proceedings before any court under this Act, the costs of the Commissioner are in the discretion 
of the court, but the Commissioner shall not be ordered to pay the costs of any other of the parties. 
RS., c. P-4, s. 25 
26 Annual report 
26 The Commissioner shall, in each year, cause to be prepared and laid before Parliament a report 
of the proceedings under this Act. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s 26; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 7 
26.1(1) Publication of list of patents 
26.1 (1) The Commissioner shall, at least once in each year, publish a list of all patents issued in the 
year. 
26.1(2) Publication and printing of documents 
(2) The Commissioner may publish any document open to the inspection of the public under section 
10 and may print or cause to be printed, for distribution or sale, any such document. 
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 7. 
APPLICATION FOR PATENTS 
27(1) Who may obtain patents 
27. (1) Subject to this section, any inventor or legal representative of an inventor of an invention may, 
on presentation to the Commissioner of a petition setting out the facts (in this Act termed the filing 
of the application) and on compliance with all other requirements of this Act, obtain a patent granting 
to the applicant an exclusive property in the invention unless 
(a) in the case of an application to which section 28 applies, 
(i) an application for a patent describing the same invention was filed in Canada by any other 
person before the priority date of the application, or 
(ii) an application for a patent describing the same invention and to which section 28 applies 
is filed in Canada by any other person at any time and the priority date of that application precedes 
the priority date of the application; 
(b) in the case of any other application, 
(i) an application for a patent describing the same invention was filed in Canada by any other 
person before the filing of the application, or 
(ii) an application for a patent describing the same invention and to which section 28 applies 
is filed in Canada by any other person after the filing of the application and the priority date 
of that application precedes the date of filing of the application; 
(c) the invention was, before the date of filing of the application or before the priority date of the 
application, if any, disclosed by a person other than a person referred to in paragraph (d) in such 
a manner that it became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere; or 
(d) the invention was, more than one year before the date of filing of the application, disclosed 
by the applicant or by a person who obtained knowledge of the invention, directly or indirectly, 
from the applicant, in such a manner that it became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere. IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 19 
BREVETS RELA TIFS A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE 
22 Communication a la Commission de contrOie de l'energie atomique 
22. Le commissaire est tenu de communiquer a la Commission de controle de l'energie atomique toute 
demande de brevet qui, selon lui, concerne la production, les applications ou les usages de l'energie 
atomique avant que ne l'etudie un examinateur nomme conformement a l'article 6 ou qu'elle ne so it 
accessible sous Ie regime de l'article 10. 
L.R. (1985), ch P-4, art. 22; L R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl ), art. 5. 
DISPOSITIONS GENERALES 
23 Usage d'une invention brevetee, sur navires, aeronefs, etc. d'un pays 
23. Aucun brevet ne peut aller jusqu' a empecher l'usage d 'une invention sur un vaisseau, navire, aeronef 
ou vehicule terrestre de tout pays, qui entre temporairement ou accidentellement au Canada, pourvu 
que cette invention serve exclusivement aux besoins du vaisseau, navire, aeronef ou vehicule terrestre, 
et qu'elle ne soit pas ainsi utilisee a fabriquer des objets destines a etre vendus au Canada ou a en etre 
exportes. 
S.R ,ch P-4, art. 23. 
24. [Abroge, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 6] 
25 Frais de procedure devant Ie tribunal 
25. Les frais du commissaire, dans toutes procedures devant un tribunal en vertu de la presente loi, 
sont a la discretion du tribunal, mais il ne peut etre ordonne au commissaire de payer les frais de toute 
autre partie. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 25 
26 Rapport annuel 
26 Le commissaire fait, chaque annee, etablir et deposer un rapport d'exercice devant Ie Parlement. 
L.R. (1985), ch P-4, art. 26; L.R. (1985), ch 33 (3e suppl.), art. 7 
26.1(1) Liste des brevets 
26.1 (1) Le commissaire fait publier, au moins une fois l'an, Ia liste des brevets accordes et delivres 
dans I' annee 
26.1(2) Publication 
(2) Le commissaire peut faire publier pour vente ou distribution tout document accessible pour 
consultation sous Ie regime de l'article 10. 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppi ), art. 7. 
DEMANDES DE BREVETS 
27(1) Attribution du brevet 
27. (1) Sous reserve des autres dispositions du present article, I'inventeur ou son representant legal 
peut, sur presentation au commissaire d 'une petition circonstanciee -appelee dans Ia presente Ioi «depot 
de Ia demande» -et a condition de satisfaire aux autres obligations de cette Ioi, se faire delivrer un 
brevet lui donnant la propriete exclusive de l'invention en cause, sauf dans Ies cas suivants : 
a) s'agissant d'une demande visee par l'article 28, sa date de priorite est posterieure . 
(i) soit a Ia date de depot au Canada par toute autre personne d'une autre demande de brevet 
decrivant Ia meme invention, 
(ii) soit a Ia date de priorite d'une autre demande de brevet decrivant la meme invention et 
egalement visee par l'article 28 et deposee au Canada par toute autre personne a un moment 
que1conque; 
b) s'agissant d'une demande non visee par I'article 28 : 
(i) ou bien, avant Ia date de son depot, une autre demande de brevet decrivant la meme invention 
est deposee au Canada par toute autre personne, 
(ii) ou bien la date de son depot est anterieure a celle du depot au Canada par toute autre personne 
d'une autre demande de brevet, visee par l'article 28, decrivant Ia meme invention mais posterieure a la date de priorite de cette derniere demande, 
c) avant Ie depot de la demande ou avant la date de priorite de celle-ci, l'invention a, de la part 
d'une personne non visee a l'alinea d), fait l'objet d'une communication qui I'a rendue accessible 
au public au Canada ou ailleurs; 
d) plus d'un an avant la date de depot de la demande, l'invention a fait l'objet de la part du 
demandeur, ou d'un tiers ayant eu I'information a cet egard de fa90n directe ou autrement, d'une 
communication qui l'a rendue accessible au public au Canada ou ailleurs. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 20 
27(1.1) Applicant may file second application 
(1.1) Any inventor or legal representative of an inventor of an invention may, within twelve months 
after the filing of an application for a patent for the invention, file a second application for a patent 
describing the same invention. 
27(1.2) Second application deemed first filed 
(1 2) A second application for a patent that is filed in accordance with subsection (1 1) shall, for the 
purposes of this Act, be deemed to have been filed on the date the first application was filed if, on 
the date of filing of the second application, the first application 
(a) has not been withdrawn, abandoned or refused; 
(b) has not been opened to the inspection of the public under section 10; and 
(c) has not served as a basis for claiming a right of priority in any other country. 
27(1.3) Claim of priority 
(1.3) Subsection (1.2) does not apply in respect of a second application for a patent unless the applicant, 
within six months of the filing of that application, claims the protection afforded by that subsection 
and informs the Commissioner of the filing date and number of the first application. 
27(1.4) First application deemed withdrawn 
(1.4) Where a second application for a patent is filed in accordance with subsection (1.1), the first 
application shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to have been withdrawn on the day immediately 
after the date of filing of the second application. 
27(1.5) Applications filed on same date 
(1.5) For the purposes of subsection (1), when an application is filed or is deemed to have been filed 
on the date on which another application describing the same invention is filed or deemed to have been 
filed, each application shall be examined and a patent shall be allowed to issue without regard to the 
existence of the other application. 
27(1.6) Withdrawn applications 
(1.6) For the purposes of subsection (1), an application that is withdrawn before it is open to the 
inspection of the public under section 10 shall be deemed never to have been filed 
27(2) Applications for patents out of Canada 
(2) Any inventor or legal representative of an inventor who applies in Canada for a patent for an 
invention for which application for patent has been made in any other country by that inventor or his 
legal representative before the filing of the application in Canada is not entitled to obtain in Canada 
a patent for that invention unless his application in Canada is filed, either 
(a) before issue of any patent to that inventor or his legal representative for the same invention in 
any other country, or 
(b) if a patent has issued in any other country, within twelve months after the filing' of the first 
application by that inventor or his legal representative for patent for that invention in any other 
country. 
27(3) What may not be patented 
(3) No patent shall be granted for any mere scientific principle or abstract theorem. 
R S , 1985, c P-4, s. 27; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 8; 1993, c 44, s. 192. 
27.1(1) Maintenance fees 
27.1 (1) An applicant for a patent shall, to maintain the application in effect, pay to the Commissioner 
such fees, in respect of such periods, as may be prescribed. 
27.1(2) Application deemed abandoned 
(2) An application for a patent shall be deemed to have been abandoned if the fees payable by the 
applicant in respect of a period prescribed for the purposes of subsection (1) are not paid before the 
expiration of that period. 
27.1(3) Reinstatement of application 
(3) An application deemed to have been abandoned under this section may be reinstated on petition 
by the applicant presented to the Commissioner within such period as may be prescribed and on payment 
of a prescribed fee and an application so reinstated shall retain its original filing date and its priority 
date, if any. 
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 9. 27(1.1) Simultaneite IP/Nll/CANlPll 
Page 21 
(1.1) L'inventeur ou son representant legal peut, dans les douze mois suivant Ie depot d'une demande 
de brevet pour l'invention, deposer une deuxieme demande qui decrit la meme invention. 
27(1.2) Date presumee de depOt 
(1.2) Cette deuxieme demande est presumee, pour I'application de la presente loi, avoir ete deposee a la date du depot de la premiere demande si celle-ci remplit, a la date du depot de la deuxieme demande, 
les conditions suivantes : 
a) elle n'a pas ete retiree, abandonnee ou refusee; 
b) elle n'est pas devenue accessible pour consultation sous Ie regime de l'article 10; 
c) elle n'a pas ete invoquee pour reclamer un droit de priorite dans tout autre pays. 
27(1.3) Non-application 
(1.3) Le paragraphe (1.2) n'est pas applicable a l'egard d'une deuxieme demande de brevet, sauf si 
Ie demandeur, dans les six mois du depot de celle-ci, reclame la protection prevue a ce paragraphe 
et avise Ie commissaire de la date du depot et du numero de la premiere demande. 
27(1.4) Retrait presume 
(1.4) Dans Ie cas du depot d'une deuxieme demande conformement au paragraphe (1.1), la premiere 
demande est presumee, pour I 'application de la presente loi, avoir ete retiree Ie lendemain de ce depot. 
27(1.5) Simultaneite 
(1.5) Pour l'application du paragraphe (1), en cas de simultaneite, ft!elIe ou presumee, de depot de 
demandes decrivant la meme invention, chaque demande est examinee et un brevet est accorde sans 
egard a I'autre demande. 
27(1.6) Retrait 
(1.6) Pour l'application du paragraphe (1), la demande retiree avant d'etre devenue accessible au titre 
de l'article 10 est reputee n'avoir jamais ete deposee 
27(2) Demandes de brevets a l'etranger 
(2) Un inventeur ou representant legal d'un inventeur, qui a fait une demande de brevet au Canada 
pour une invention a l' egard de laquelle une demande de brevet a ete faite dans tout autre pays par 
eet inventeur ou par son representant legal avant Ie depot de sa demande au Canada, n'a pas Ie droit 
d'obtenir au Canada un brevet eouvrant eette invention sauf si sa demande au Canada est deposee : 
a) soit avant la delivrance d'un brevet a cet inventeur ou a son representant legal couvrant cette 
meme invention dans tout autre pays; 
b) soit, si un brevet a ete delivre dans un autre pays, dans un delai de douze mois a compter du 
depot de la premiere demande, par cet inventeur ou son representant legal, d'un brevet pour eette 
invention dans tout autre pays. 
27(3) Ce qui n'est pas brevetable 
(3) II ne peut etre delivre de brevet pour de simples principes scientifiques ou conceptions tMoriques. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 27; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3" suppl.), art. 8; 1993, ch. 44, art. 192. 
27.1(1) Taxes periodiques 
27.1 (1) Le demandeur est tenu de payer au commissaire, afin de maintenir sa demande en etat, les 
taxes reglementaires pour chaque peri ode reglementaire. 
27.1(2) Abandon de la demande 
(2) La demande est reputee abandonnee si les taxes reglementaires ne sont pas acquittees avant 
l'expiration du delai reglementaire pour la periode en cause. 
27.1(3) Retablissement de la demande 
(3) La presomption d'abandon est annulee sur depot au commissaire par Ie demandeur d'une requete 
a cet effet dans Ie delai reglementaire et paiement des taxes reglementaires. 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3" suppl.), art. 9. IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 22 
28(1) Treaty or convention rights of applicants 
28. (1) Subject to subsection (2), an application for a patent for an invention filed in Canada by any 
person entitled to protection under the terms of any treaty or convention relating to patents to which 
Canada is a party who has, or whose agent, legal representative or predecessor in title has, previously 
regularly filed an application for a patent describing the same invention in any other country that by 
treaty, convention or law affords similar protection to citizens of Canada, has the same force and effect 
as the same application would have if filed in Canada on the date on which such an application was 
first filed by that person or by the agent, legal representative or predecessor in title of that person in 
any other country, if the application in Canada is filed within twelve months after that date 
28(2) Claim of priority 
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of an application for a patent for an invention filed in Canada 
unless the applicant, within six months of the filing of the application, claims the protection afforded 
by that subsection and informs the Commissioner, in the manner prescribed, of the country of filing, 
the filing date and the number of each application on which the applicant bases the claim 
28(3) Application first filed 
(3) Where a person or the agent, legal representative or predecessor in title of that person has, at the 
time an application for a patent is filed in Canada, previously regularly filed two applications for a 
patent describing the same invention in a country referred to in subsection (1), the second of those 
applications to be filed in that country shall, for the purposes of that subsection, be deemed to be the 
application that was first filed by that person or the agent, legal representative or predecessor in title 
of that person in that country if, on the date of filing of the second application, the first application 
has been withdrawn, abandoned or refused, without having been opened to public inspection and without 
leaving any rights outstanding, and has not served as a basis for claiming a right of priority in any 
country including Canada. 
28(4) Multiple priorities 
(4) Multiple priorities may be claimed in respect of one patent application notwithstanding the fact 
that the priorities are based on patent applications filed in different countries and may be claimed for 
anyone claim in a patent application but, where multiple priorities are claimed, the time limit set out 
in subsection (1) shall run from the earliest date of priority 
28(5) Elements in prior applications 
(5) If one or more priorities are claimed in respect of a patent application, the right of priority shall 
apply only in respect of those elements of the patent application that are described in the patent 
application or applications for which the priority is claimed 
28(6) Definition of "predecessor in title" 
(6) For the purposes of this section, "predecessor in title" includes any person through whom an applicant 
for a patent in Canada claims the right to the patent. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 28; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp ), s. 10. 
29(1) Non-resident applicants 
29. (1) Any applicant for patent who does not appear to reside or carry on business at a specified address 
in Canada shall, at the time of filing his application or within such period thereafter as the Commissioner 
may allow, nominate as his representative a person or firm residing or carrying on business at a specified 
address in Canada. 
29(2) Nominee deemed representative 
(2) Subject to this section, a nominee of an applicant shall be deemed to be the representative for all 
purposes of this Act, including the service of any proceedings taken under it, of the applicant and of 
any patentee of a patent issued on his application who does not appear to reside or carryon business 
at a specified address in Canada, and shall be recorded as such by the Commissioner. 
29(3) New representative 
(3) An applicant for patent or a patentee may by written advice to the Commissioner appoint another 
representative in place of the latest recorded representative, or may advise the Commissioner in writing 
of a change in the address of the latest recorded representative, and shall so appoint a new representative 
or supply a new and correct address of the latest recorded representative on the dispatch by the 
Commissioner to him of a notice in writing by registered mail that the latest recorded representative 
has died or that a letter addressed to him at the latest recorded address and sent by ordinary mail has 
been returned undelivered. 28(1) Droits des demandeurs en vertu de traites ou conventions IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 23 
28. (1) Sous reserve du paragraphe (2), la demande de brevet d'invention deposee au Canada par 
quiconque dont les droits sont proteges par un traite ou une convention relatifs aux brevets auquel ou 
a laquelle Ie Canada est partie et qui a personnellement ou dont l'agent, Ie representant legal ou Ie 
predecesseur en droit a depose selon les regles une demande de brevet decrivant la meme invention 
dans un autre pays qui par traite, convention ou loi accorde une protection similaire 'aux citoyens 
canadiens, ala meme force et Ie meme effet qu'aurait cette demande si elle avait ete deposee au Canada 
a la date ou elle a ete deposee en premier lieu dans cet autre pays. La demande doit toutefois etre deposee 
au Canada dans les douze mois suivant cette date. 
28(2) Demande de priorite 
(2) Le paragraphe (1) n'est pas applicable a l'egard d'une demande de brevet deposee au Canada sauf 
si le demandeur, dans les six mois suivant Ie depot, reclame la protection prevue a ce paragraphe et 
avise Ie commissaire, en la forme reglementaire, du nom du pays ou la demande a ete deposee, de 
la date du depot et du numero de chacune des demandes sur lesquelles Ie demandeur fonde sa 
reclamation. 
28(3) Premier depot de la demande 
(3) Dans les cas ou une personne ou son agent, representant legal ou predecesseur en droit a deja, 
lors du depot d'une demande de brevet au Canada, depose selon les regles deux demandes de brevet 
decrivant la meme invention dans un pays vise au paragraphe (1), la deuxieme des demandes deposees 
dans ce pays est, pour l'application de ce paragraphe, presumee etre la demande deposee en premier 
lieu par cette personne, son agent, son representant legal ou predecesseur en droit si, a la date du depot 
de la deuxieme demande, la premiere demande a ete retiree, abandonnee ou refusee, sans avoir ete 
accessible pour consultation et sans laisser subsister de droit, et n' a pas ete invoquee pour reclamer 
un droit de priorite au Canada ou ailleurs 
28(4) Priorites 
(4) Des priorites multiples peuvent etre recIamees pour une demande de brevet, meme si elles sont 
fondees sur des demandes deposees dans des pays differents, et pour toute revendication contenue dans 
une demande de brevet. Le delai prevu au paragraphe (1) court cependant a compter de la premiere 
date de priorite. 
28(5) Droit de priorite 
(5) Le droit de priorite s'applique, dans Ie cas d'une reclamation de priorite, meme multiple, aux elements 
decrits dans les demandes de brevet sur lesquelles est fondee la reclamation de priorite. 
28(6) Definition de «predecesseur en droit» 
(6) Pour l'application du present article, est assimilee a un predecesseur en droit toute personne par 
l'intermediaire de laquelle un demandeur de brevet au Canada recIame Ie droit a celui-ci. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 28; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 10. 
29(1) Demandeur non residant 
29. (1) Tout demandeur de brevet qui ne semble pas resider ou faire des operations a une adresse 
specifiee au Canada designe, lors du depot de sa demande ou dans Ie delai subsequent auto rise par 
Ie commissaire, une personne ou une maison d'affaires residant ou faisant des operations a une adresse 
specifiee au Canada pour Ie representer. 
29(2) Personne designee censee representer 
(2) Sous reserve des autres dispositions du present article, cette personne ou maison designee est reputee, 
pour toutes les fins de la presente loi, y compris la signification des procedures prises sous son regime, 
Ie representant de ce demandeur et de tout titulaire d 'un brevet emis sur sa demande qui ne semble 
pas resider ou faire des operations a une adresse specifiee au Canada, et Ie commissaire I 'inscrit comme 
tel. 
29(3) Nouveau representant 
(3) Un demandeur de brevet ou un brevete peut, au moyen d'un avis ecrit au commissaire, nommer 
un autre representant au lieu du representant inscrit en dernier lieu, ou peut aviser Ie commissaire, 
par ecrit, d'un changement d'adresse du representant inscrit en dernier lieu. II nomme ainsi un nouveau 
representant ou indique une nouvelle adresse exacte du representant inscrit en dernier lieu sur l' envoi 
qui lui est fait par Ie commissaire d'un avis ecrit, par courrier recommande, que Ie representant inscrit 
en dernier lieu est decede ou qu 'une lettre qui lui a ete envoyee, par courrier ordinaire, a la derniere 
adresse inscrite, a ete retournee par suite de non-livraison. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 24 
29(4) Where no new appointment is made or no new address supplied 
(4) Where, after the dispatch of a notice by the Commissioner under subsection (3), no new appointment 
is made or no new and correct address is supplied by the applicant or patentee within three months 
or such further period as the Commissioner may allow, the Federal Court or the Commissioner may 
dispose of any proceedings under this Act without requiring service on the applicant or patentee of 
any process therein. 
29(5) When fee payable 
(5) No fee is payable on the appointment of a new representative or the supply of a new and correct 
address, unless that appointment or supply follows the dispatch of a notice in writing by the 
Commissioner under subsection (3), in which case a fee as prescribed is payable. 
R.S., c. P-4, s 31, R.S., c. 1O(2nd Supp.), s. 64. 
30(1) When applications to be completed 
30 (1) Each application for a patent shall be completed within twelve months after the filing of the 
application, and in default thereof, or on failure of the applicant to prosecute the application within 
six months after any examiner, appointed pursuant to section 6, has taken action thereon of which notice 
has been given to the applicant, the application shall be deemed to have been abandoned. 
30(2) Abandoned application reinstated 
(2) An abandoned application may be reinstated on petition presented to the Commissioner within twelve 
months after the date on which it was deemed to have been abandoned, and on payment of the prescribed 
fee, if the petitioner satisfies the Commissioner that the failure to complete or prosecute the application 
within the time specified was not reasonably avoidable. 
30(3) Idem 
(3) An application reinstated under subsection (2) shall retain its original filing date. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 32 
JOINT APPLICATIONS 
31(1) Effect of refusal of a joint inventor to proceed 
31 (1) Where an invention is made by two or more inventors and one of them refuses to make 
application for a patent or his whereabouts cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry, the other inventors 
or their legal representatives may make application, and a patent may be granted in the name of the 
inventors who make the application, on satisfying the Commissioner that the joint inventor has refused 
to make application or that his whereabouts cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry. 
31(2) Powers of Commissioner 
(2) In any case where 
(a) an applicant has agreed in writing to assign a patent, when granted, to another person or to a 
joint applicant and refuses to proceed with the application, or 
(b) disputes arise between joint applicants with respect to proceeding with an application, 
the Commissioner, on proof of the agreement to his satisfaction, or if satisfied that one or more of 
the joint applicants ought to be allowed to proceed alone, may allow that other person or joint applicant 
to proceed with the application, and may grant a patent to him in such manner that all persons interested 
are entitled to be heard before the Commissioner after such notice as he may deem requisite and 
sufficient. 
31(3) Procedure when one joint applicant retires 
(3) Where an application is filed by joint applicants and it subsequently appears that one or more of 
them has had no part in the invention, the prosecution of the application may be carried on by the 
remaining applicant or applicants on satisfying the Commissioner by affidavit that the remaining applicant 
or applicants is or are the sole inventor or inventors 
31(4) Joining applicants 
(4) Where an application is filed by one or more applicants and it subsequently appears that one or 
more further applicants should have been joined, the further applicant or applicants may be joined on 
satisfying the Commissioner that he or they should be so joined, and that the omission of the further 
applicant or applicants had been by inadvertence or mistake and was not for the purpose of delay. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 25 
29(4) Si aucune nomination n'est faite ou si aucune nouvelle adresse n'est fournie 
(4) Si, apres l'envoi par Ie commissaire de cet avis, Ie demandeur ou Ie brevete ne fait aucune nouvelle 
nomination ou n'indique aucune nouvelle adresse exacte dans les trois mois ou pendant telle periode 
prorogee permise par Ie commissaire, la Cour federale ou Ie commissaire peut statuer sur toute procedure 
exercee sous Ie regime de la presente loi sans exiger la signification, au demandeur ou au brevete, 
de pieces y afferentes. 
29(5) Quand Ie droit est exigible 
(5) Aucun droit n' est exigible lors de la nomination d 'un nouveau representant ou de I' indication d 'une 
nouvelle adresse exacte, a moins que cette nomination ou cette indication ne suive l'envoi de I'avis 
ecrit du commissaire. En pareil cas, la taxe reglementaire est payable. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art 31; S.R., ch. 1O(2e suppl.), art. 64. 
30(1) Les demandes doivent etre completees dans les douze mois 
30 (1) Chaque demande de brevet doit etre completee dans un delai de douze mois a compter du depot 
de la demande, a defaut de quoi, ou sur manquement du demandeur de poursuivre sa demande dans 
les six mois qui suivent toute action que l'examinateur, nomme conformement a l'article 6, a prise 
concernant la demande et dont avis a ete donne au demandeur, une telle demande est tenue pour avoir 
ete abandonnee. 
30(2) Retablissement d'une demande abandonnee 
(2) Une demande peut etre retablie sur presentation d'une petition au commissaire dans un delai de 
douze mois a compter de la date a laquelle cette demande a ete tenue pour abandonnee, et contre paiement 
de la taxe reglementaire, si Ie petitionnaire demontre a la satisfaction du commissaire que Ie defaut 
de completer ou de poursuivre la demande dans Ie delai specifie n'etait pas raisonnablement evitable. 
30(3) Idem 
(3) Une demande ainsi retablie garde la date de son depot original 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 32. 
DEMANDES COLLECTIVES 
31(1) Effet du refus par un inventeur conjoint de poursuivre la demande 
31 (1) Lorsqu'une invention est faite par plusieurs inventeurs et que l'un d'eux refuse de soumettre 
une demande de brevet ou que Ie lieu ou il se trouve ne peut etre determine apres une enquete diligente, 
les autres inventeurs ou leur representant legal peuvent soumettre une demande, et un brevet peut etre 
accorde au nom des inventeurs qui font la demande, si Ie commissaire est convaincu que l'inventeur 
conjoint a refuse de soumettre une demande ou que Ie lieu ou il se trouve ne peut etre determine apres 
une enquete dlligente. 
31(2) Pouvoirs du commissaire 
(2) Lorsque, selon Ie cas : 
a) un demandeur a consenti par ecrit a ceder un brevet, une fois concede, a une autre personne 
ou a un codemandeur, et refuse de poursuivre la demande; 
b) un differend survient entre des codemandeurs quant a la poursuite d'une demande, 
Ie commissaire peut, si cette convention est etablie a sa satisfaction, ou s'il est convaincu qu'il devrait 
etre permis a un ou plusieurs de ces codemandeurs de proceder isolement, permettre a cette autre 
personne ou a ce codemandeur de poursuivre la demande, et il peut lui accorder un brevet, de telle 
maniere cependant que toutes les personnes interessees aient droit d' etre entendues devant Ie commissaire, 
apres I'avis qu'il juge necessaire et suffisant. 
31(3) Procedure quand un codemandeur se retire 
(3) Lorsqu'une demande est deposee par des codemandeurs et qu'il apparait par la suite que l'un ou 
plusieurs d'entre eux n'ont pas participe a l'invention, la poursuite de cette demande peut etre conduite 
par Ie ou les demandeurs qui restent, a la condition de demontrer par affidavit au commissaire que 
Ie ou les derniers demandeurs sont les seuls inventeurs. 
31(4) Codemandeurs 
(4) Lorsque la demande est deposee par un ou plusieurs demandeurs et qu'il apparait par la suite qu'un 
autre ou plusieurs autres demandeurs auraient du se joindre a la demande, cet autre ou ces autres 
demandeurs peuvent se joindre ala demande, a la condition de demontrer au commissaire qu'ils doivent 
y etre joints, et que leur omission s'est produite par inadvertance ou par erreur, et non pas dans Ie 
dessein de causer un delai. IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 26 
31(5) To whom granted 
(5) Subject to this section, in cases of joint applications, the patent shall be granted in the names of 
all the applicants. 
31(6) Appeal , 
(6) An appeal lies to the Federal Court from the decision of the Commissioner under this section 
R.S , c. P-4, s 33, R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64. 
IMPROVEMENTS 
32 Improvements 
32. Any person who has invented any improvement on any patented invention may obtain a patent 
for the improvement, but he does not thereby obtain the right of making, vending or using the original 
invention, nor does the patent for the original invention confer the right of making, vending or using 
the patented improvement 
RS., c. P-4, s. 34. 
SPECIFICA nONS AND CLAIMS 
33 Particulars required 
33. An applicant shall, in his application for a patent, insert the title or name of the invention, and 
shall, with the application, send in a specification in duplicate of the invention and an additional or 
third copy of the claim or claims. 
RS , c. P-4, s. 35. 
34(1) Specification 
34. (1) An applicant shall in the specification of his invention 
(a) correctly and fully describe the invention and its operation or use as contemplated by the inventor, 
(b) set out clearly the various steps in a process, or the method of constructing, making, compounding 
or using a machine, manufacture or composition of matter, in such full, clear, concise and exact 
terms as to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which it appertains, or with which 
it is most closely connected, to make, construct, compound or use it; 
(c) in the case of a machine, explain the principle thereof and the best mode in which he has 
contemplated the application of that principle; and 
(d) in the case of a process, explain the necessary sequence, if any, of the various steps, so as to 
distinguish the invention from other inventions. 
(e) [Repealed, 1992, c. 1, s. 113] 
34(2) Claims to be stated distinctly 
(2) The specification referred to in subsection (1) shall end with a claim or claims stating distinctly 
and in explicit terms the things or combinations that the applicant regards as new and in which he claims 
an exclusive property or privilege. 
RS., 1985, c. P-4, s. 34; 1992, c. 1, s. 113. 
FILING OF PRIOR ART 
34.1(1) Filing 
34.1 (1) Any person may file with the Commissioner prior art consisting of patents and printed 
publications that the person believes has a bearing on the patentability of any claim in an application 
for a patent. 
34.1(2) Pertinency 
(2) A person who files prior art with the Commissioner under subsection (1) shall explain the pertinency 
of the prior art. 
RS., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 11. 
EXAMINATION 
35(1) Request for examination 
35. (1) The Commissioner shall, on the request of any person made in such manner as may be prescribed 
and on payment of a prescribed fee, cause an application for a patent to be examined by competent 
examiners to be employed in the Patent Office for that purpose. 
35(2) Application deemed abandoned 
(2) Subject to subsection (3), an application for a patent shall be deemed to have been abandoned if 
a request for examination pursuant to subsection (1) is not made or the prescribed fee is not paid within 
such period as may be prescribed. 31(5) Brevet accorde a tollS IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 27 
(5) Sous reserve des autres dispositions du present article, dans Ie cas de demandes collectives, Ie brevet 
est accorde nommement a tous les demandeurs. 
31(6) Appel 
(6) Appel de la decision rendue par Ie commissaire en vertu du present article peut etre interjete a la 
Cour federale 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 33; S.R., ch. 10(2e supp!.), art 64. 
PERFECTIONNEMENT 
32 Perfectionnement 
32. Quiconque est l'auteur d'un perfectionnement a une invention brevetee peut obtenir un brevet pour 
ce perfectionnement. II n'obtient pas de ce fait Ie droit de fabriquer, de vendre ou d'exploiter l'objet 
de l'invention originale, et Ie brevet couvrant l'invention origina1e ne confere pas non plus Ie droit 
de fabriquer, de vendre ou d'exploiter l'objet du perfectionnement brevete. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 34 
MEMOlRES DESCRIPTIFS ET REVENDICA TIONS 
33 Details requis 
33. Le derriandeur insere, dans sa demande de brevet, Ie titre ou nom de l'invention et transmet, avec 
sa demande, un memo ire descriptif de l'invention en double exemplaire et une copie additionnelle ou 
troisieme copie de la ou des revendications. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 35. 
34(1) Memoire descriptif 
34. (1) Dans Ie memoire descriptif, Ie demandeur : 
a) decrit d'une fac;:on exacte et complete l'invention et son application ou exploitation, telles que 
les a conc;:ues l'inventeur; 
b) expose c1airement les diverses phases d'un procede, ou Ie mode de construction, de confection, 
de composition ou d 'utilisation d 'une machine, d 'un objet manufacture ou d 'un compose de matieres, 
dans des termes complets, c1airs, concis et exacts qui permettent a toute personne versee dans l'art 
ou la science dont releve l'invention, ou dans l'art ou la science qui s'en rapproche Ie plus, de 
confectionner, construire, composer ou utiliser l'objet de I'invention; 
c) s'il s'agit d'une machine, en explique Ie principe et la meilleure maniere dont il a conc;:u 
I' application de ce principe, 
d) s'il s'agit d'un procede, explique Ia suite necessaire, Ie cas ecMant, des diverses phases du procede, 
de fac;:on a distinguer l'invention d'autres inventions. 
e) [Abroge, 1992, ch. 1, art. 113] 
34(2) Revendications 
(2) Le memo ire descriptif se termine par une ou plusieurs revendications exposant distinctement et 
en termes explicites les choses ou combinaisons que Ie demandeur considere comme nouvelles et dont 
il revendique la propriete ou Ie privilege exclusif. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 34; 1992, ch. 1, art. 113. 
DOSSIER D' ANTERlORITE 
34.1(1) Depot 
34.1 (1) Vne personne peut deposer chez 1e commissaire un dossier d'anteriorite constitue de brevets 
et d'imprimes qu'eUe croit avoir effet sur la brevetabilite de toute revendication contenue dans une 
demande de brevet. 
34.1(2) Pertinence 
(2) La personne qui depose Ie dossier doit en exposer la pertinence 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 11. 
EXAMEN 
35(1) Requete d'examen 
35. (1) Sur requete a lui faite en la forme reglementaire et sur paiement de la taxe reglementaire, Ie 
commissaire fait examiner la demande de brevet par tel examinateur competent recrute par Ie Bureau 
des brevets. 
35(2) Abandon 
(2) La demande de brevet est reputee abandonnee si, dans Ie delai reglementaire, une requete d'examen 
n'est pas deposee ou si la taxe regiementaire n'a pas ete acquittee. IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 28 
35(3) Idem 
(3) The Commissioner may by written notice require an applicant for a patent to make a request for 
examination pursuant to subsection (1) or to pay the prescribed fee within such period as may be specified 
in the notice, not exceeding the period prescribed under subsection (2), and if the applicant fails to 
comply with the notice the application for the patent shall be deemed to have been abandoned. 
35(4) Reinstatement of application 
(4) An application deemed to have been abandoned under this section may be reinstated on petition 
by the applicant presented to the Commissioner within such period as may be prescribed and on payment 
of a prescribed fee and an application so reinstated shall retain its original filing date and priority date, 
if any. 
RS., 1985, c. PA, s. 35; R S., 1985, c 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 12 
DIVISIONAL APPLICA nONS 
36(1) Patent for one invention only 
36. (1) A patent shall be granted for one invention only but in an action or other proceeding a patent 
shall not be deemed to be invalid by reason only that it has been granted for more than one invention. 
36(2) Divisional applications 
(2) Where an application describes and claims more than one invention, the applicant may, and on 
the direction of the Commissioner to that effect shall, limit his claims to one invention only, and the 
invention or inventions defined in the other claims may be made the subject of one or more divisional 
applications, if those divisional applications are filed before the issue of a patent on the original 
application. 
36(3) Idem 
(3) If the original application becomes abandoned or forfeited, the time for filing divisional applications 
terminates with the expiration of the time for reinstating and reviving the original application under 
this Act or the rules made thereunder. 
36(4) Separate applications 
(4) The divisional applications referred to in subsection (2) shall be deemed to be separate and distinct 
applications under this Act, to which the provisions thereof apply as fully as may be, and separate 
fees shall be paid on each of those applications and they shall bear the filing date of the original 
application. 
R.S , c. P-4, s. 38. 
DRAWINGS AND MODELS 
37(1) Drawings 
37. (1) In the case of a machine, or in any other case in which an invention admits of illustration by 
means of drawings, the applicant shall with his application send in drawings in duplicate, showing 
clearly all parts of the invention. 
37(2) Signature of inventor, etc. 
(2) Each drawing shall bear the signature of the inventor, of the applicant or of the attorney of the 
inventor or applicant, and shall have written references corresponding with the specification, but the 
Commissioner may require further drawings or dispense with any of them as he sees fit. 
37(3) Duplicates 
(3) One duplicate of the specification and of the drawings, if there are drawings, shall be annexed to 
the patent, of which it shall form an essential part, and the other duplicate shall remain deposited in 
the Patent Office 
37(4) Copies in place of duplicates 
(4) The Commissioner may, in his discretion, dispense with the duplicate specification and drawing 
and the third copy of the claim or claims, and in lieu thereof cause copies of the specification and 
drawing, in print or otherwise, to be attached to the patent, of which they shall form an essential part. 
RS., c. P-4, s. 39. 
38(1) Models and specimens 
38 (1) In all cases in which an invention admits of representation by model, the applicant, if required 
by the Commissioner, shall furnish a model of convenient size exhibiting its several parts in due 
proportion, and when an invention is a composition of matter, the applicant, if required by the 
Commissioner, shall furnish specimens of the ingredients, and of the composition, sufficient in quantity 
for the purpose of experiment. 35(3) Idem IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 29 
(3) Le commissaire peut, par avis ecrit, exiger que Ie demandeur d'un brevet fasse Ia requete d'examen 
ou paie Ies taxes reglementaires. Peut etre indique a I'avis Ie delai, qui ne peut exc6der celui vise au 
paragraphe (2), pour s'y conformer, a defaut de quoi, la demande de brevet est reputee abandonnee. 
35(4) Retablissement de la demande 
(4) La presomption d'abandon est annulee sur depot au commissaire par Ie demandeur d'une requete a cet effet dans Ie delai reglementaire et paiement de la taxe reglementaire. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 35; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp1.), art. 12. 
DEMANDES COMPLEMENTAIRES 
36(1) Brevet pour une seule invention 
36. (1) Un brevet ne peut etre accorde que pour une seule invention, mais dans une instance ou autre 
procedure, un brevet ne peut etre tenu pour invalide du seul fait qu'il a ete accorde pour plus d'une 
invention. 
36(2) Demandes compIementaires 
(2) Si une demande decrit et revendique plus d'une invention, Ie demandeur peut et, selon Ies instructions 
du commissaire a cet egard, doit restreindre ses revendications a une seule invention. L'invention ou 
les inventions defmies dans les autres revendications peuvent faire Ie sujet d'une ou de plusieurs demandes 
complementaires, si ces demandes complementaires sont deposees avant la delivrance d'un brevet sur 
la demande originale. 
36(3) Idem 
(3) Si Ia demande originale a ete abandonnee ou si eUe est dechue, Ie delai pour Ie depot des demandes 
complementaires se termine a I' expiration du delai fixe pour Ie retablissement et la remise en vigueur 
de la demande originale aux termes de Ia presente Ioi ou des n!gIes etablies sous son autorite. 
36(4) Demandes distinctes 
(4) Ces demandes complementaires sont considerees comme des demandes separees et distinctes aux 
termes de Ia presente Ioi, auxqueUes celle-ci s'applique aussi completement que possible. Des taxes 
separees sont acquittees pour chacune de ces demandes, lesquelles portent la date de depot de la demande 
originale. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 38. 
DESSINS ET MODELES 
37(1) Dessins 
37. (1) Dans Ie cas d'une machine ou dans tout autre cas OU, pour l'intelligence de l'invention, il peut 
etre fait usage de des sins , Ie demandeur fournit aussi en double exemplaire, avec sa demande, des dessins 
representant clairement toutes les parties de l'invention. 
37(2) Signature de l'inventeur, etc. 
(2) Chaque dessin porte la signature de l'inventeur, ou celle du demandeur ou du procureur de l'inventeur 
ou du demandeur, avec renvois ecrits correspondant au memo ire descriptif. Le commissaire peut, soit 
exiger de nouveaux dessins, soit en dispenser, selon qu'ille juge a propos. 
37(3) Exemplaires 
(3) Un exemplaire du memoire descriptif et des dessins, Ie cas echeant, est joint au brevet dont il est 
partie essentieUe, et l'autre exemplaire reste en depot au Bureau des brevets. 
37(4) Copie au lieu de doubles 
(4) Le commissaire peut, a sa discretion, dispenser de fournir Ie double exemplaire du memoire descriptif 
et des dessins et Ie troisieme exemplaire de Ia ou des revendications, et il peut, au lieu de ceux-ci, 
faire annexer des exemplaires imp rimes ou autres du memo ire descriptif et des dessins au brevet dont 
ils deviennent partie essentielle. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 39. 
38(1) Modeles et echantillons 
38. (1) Dans tous les cas ou l'invention est susceptible d'etre representee par un modele, Ie demandeur 
fournit, si Ie commissaire Ie requiert, un modele etabli sur une echelle convenable, montrant les diverses 
parties de l'invention dans de justes proportions. Lorsque l'invention consiste en une composition de 
matieres, Ie demandeur fournit, si Ie commissaire Ie requiert, des echantillons des ingredients et de 
la composition, en suffisante quantite aux fins d'experience. IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 30 
38(2) Dangerous substances 
(2) If the ingredients or composition referred to in subsection (1) are of an explosive or dangerous 
character, they shall be furnished with such precautions as are specified in the requisition therefor. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 38; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s 13. 
39. to 39.26 [Repealed, 1993, c. 2, s. 3] 
REFUSAL OF PATENTS 
40 Refusal by Commissioner 
40. Whenever the Commissioner is satisfied that an applicant is not by law entitled to be granted a 
patent, he shall refuse the application and, by registered letter addressed to the applicant or his registered 
agent, notify the applicant of the refusal and of the ground or reason therefor. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 42. 
41 Appeal to Federal Court 
41. Every person who has failed to obtain a patent by reason of a refusal of the Commissioner to grant 
it may, at any time within six months after notice as provided for in section 40 has been mailed, appeal 
from the decision of the Commissioner to the Federal Court and that Court has exclusive jurisdiction 
to hear and determine the appeal. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 41, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16. 
GRANT OF PATENTS 
42 Contents of patent 
42. Every patent granted under this Act shall contain the title or name of the invention, with a reference 
to the specification, and shall, subject to this Act, grant to the patentee and the patentee's legal 
representatives for the term of the patent, from the granting of the patent, the exclusive right, privilege 
and liberty of making, constructing and using the invention and selling it to others to be used, subject 
to adjudication in respect thereof before any court of competent jurisdiction. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 42, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16. 
FORM AND TERM OF PATENTS 
43 Form of issue 
43. Subject to section 46, every patent granted under this Act shall be issued under the signature of 
the Commissioner and the seal of the Patent Office, shall bear on its face the date of the filing of the 
application for the patent, the date on which the application became open to the inspection of the public 
under section 10 and the date on which the patent is granted and issued and it shall thereafter, in the 
absence of any evidence to the contrary, be valid and avail the grantee and the legal representatives 
of the grantee for the term mentioned in section 44 or 45, whichever is applicable. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 43; R S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16. 
44 Term of patent 
44. Subject to section 46, the term limited for the duration of every patent issued by the Patent Office 
under this Act the application for which patent is filed after the coming into force of this section shall 
be twenty years from the date of the filing of the application in Canada. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 44; R S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16. 
45 Idem 
45. Subject to section 46, the term limited for the duration of every patent issued by the Patent Office 
under this Act the application for which patent is filed before the coming into force of this section shall 
be seventeen years from the date on which the patent is issued. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 45; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16 
46(1) Maintenance fees 
46. (1) A patentee of a patent issued by the Patent Office under this Act after the coming into force 
of this section shall, to maintain the rights accorded by the patent, pay to the Commissioner such fees, 
in respect of such periods, as may be prescribed. 
46(2) Lapse of term if maintenance fees not paid 
(2) Where the fees payable by a patentee in respect of a period prescribed for the purposes of subsection 
(1) are not paid before the expiration of that period, the term limited for the duration of the patent 
shall be deemed to have lapsed on the expiration of such further period as may be prescribed. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 46; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16. 38(2) Substances dangereuses IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 31 
(2) Si Ies ingredients ou Ia composition sont d'une nature explosive ou dangereuse, ils sont fournis 
avec toutes Ies precautions specifiees dans la requisition qui en est faite. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 38; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 13. 
39. a 39.26 [Abroges, 1993, ch. 2, art. 3] 
REJET DES DEMANDES DE BREVETS 
40 Le commissaire peut refuser Ie brevet 
40. Chaque fois que Ie commissaire s'est assure que Ie demandeur n'est pas fonde en droit a obtenir 
Ia concession d'un brevet, il rejette Ia demande et, par courrier recommande adresse au demandeur 
ou a son agent enregistre, notifie ace demandeur Ie rejet de Ia demande, ainsi que Ies motifs ou raisons 
du rejet. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art 42. 
41 Appel a la Cour federale 
41. Dans Ies six mois suivant Ia mise a Ia poste de l'avis, celui qui n'a pas reussi a obtenir un brevet 
en raison du refus ou de I' opposition du commissaire peut interjeter appel de Ia decision du commissaire 
ala Cour federale qui, a I'exclusion de toute autre juridiction, peut s'en saisir et en decider. 
L R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 41; L R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 16. 
OCTROI DES BREVETS 
42 Contenu du brevet 
42. Tout brevet accorde en vertu de Ia presente Ioi contient Ie titre ou Ie nom de I 'invention avec renvoi 
au memoire descriptif et accorde, sous reserve des autres dispositions de Ia presente Ioi, au brevete 
et a ses representants Iegaux, pour Ia duree du brevet a compter de Ia date ou il a ete accorde, Ie droit, 
la faculte et Ie privilege exclusif de fabriquer, construire, exploiter et vendre a d'autres, pour qu'ils 
l'exploitent, l'objet de I'invention, sauf jugement en I'espece par un tribunal competent. 
L.R. (1985), ch P-4, art. 42, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 16. 
FORME ET DUREE DES BREVETS 
43 Delivrance 
43. Sous reserve de l'article 46, Ie brevet accorde sous Ie regime de la presente loi est delivre sous 
la signature du commissaire et Ie sceau du Bureau des brevets II mentionne la date de la demande, 
celIe a laquelIe elIe est devenue accessible sous Ie regime de l'article 10, ainsi que celIe a laquelle il 
a ete accorde et delivre. II est par la suite, sauf preuve contraire, valide et acquis au brevete ou a ses 
representants legaux pour la peri ode mentionnee aux articles 44 ou 45 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 43; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 16. 
44 Duree 
44. Sous reserve de l'article 46, la duree de tout brevet delivre par Ie Bureau des brevets conformement a la presente loi est limitee a vingt ans a compter de la date du depot de la demande au Canada, si 
celle-ci est posterieure a I'entree en vigueur du present article. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 44; L.R (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl ), art 16 
45 Idem 
45. Sous reserve de l'article 46, la duree du brevet delivre par Ie Bureau des brevets conformement 
a la presente loi et pour lequel la demande a ete deposee avant I' entree en vigueur du present article 
est de dix-sept ans a compter de Ia date a laquelle il est delivre. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 45; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 16. 
46(1) Taxes periodiques 
46. (1) Le titulaire d'un brevet delivre par Ie Bureau des brevets conformement a Ia presente loi apres 
l'entree en vigueur du present article est tenu de payer au commissaire, afin de maintenir les droits 
conferes par Ie brevet en etat, les taxes reglementaires pour chaque periode reglementaire. 
46(2) Peremption 
(2) En cas de non-paiement dans Ie delai reglementaire des taxes reglementaires, Ie brevet est perime 
a I'expiration du delai supplementaire reglementaire. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 46; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 16. IP/N/1/CAN/P/I 
Page 32 
REISSUE OF PATENTS 
47(1) Issue of new or amended patents 
47. (1) Whenever any patent is deemed defective or inoperative by reason of insufficient description 
and specification, or by reason of the patentee's claiming more or less than he had a right to claim 
as new, but at the same time it appears that the error arose from inadvertence, accident or mistake, 
without any fraudulent or deceptive intention, the Commissioner may, on the surrender of the patent 
within four years from its date and the payment of a further prescribed fee, cause a new patent, in 
accordance with an amended description and specification made by the patentee, to be issued to him 
for the same invention for the then unexpired term for which the original patent was granted. 
47(2) Effect of new patent 
(2) The surrender referred to in subsection (1) takes effect only on the issue of the new patent, and 
the new patent and the amended description and specification have the same effect in law, on the trial 
of any action thereafter commenced for any cause subsequently accruing, as if the amended description 
and specification had been originally filed in their corrected form before the issue of the original patent, 
but, in so far as the claims of the original and reissued patents are identical, the surrender does not 
affect any action pending at the time of reissue or abate any cause of action then existing, and the reissued 
patent to the extent that its claims are identical with the original patent constitutes a continuation thereof 
and has effect continuously from the date of the original patent. 
47(3) Separate patents for separate parts 
(3) The Commissioner may entertain separate applications and cause patents to be issued for distinct 
and separate parts of the invention patented, on payment of the fee for a reissue for each of the reissued 
patents. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 50. 
DISCLAIMERS 
48(1) Patentee may disclaim anything included in patent by mistake 
48. (1) Whenever, by any mistake, accident or inadvertence, and without any wilful intent to defraud 
or mislead the public, a patentee has 
(a) made a specification too broad, claiming more than that of which the patentee or the person 
through whom the patentee claims was the inventor, or 
(b) in the specification, claimed that the patentee or the person through whom the patentee claims 
was the inventor of any material or substantial part of the invention patented of which the patentee 
was not the inventor, and to which the patentee had no lawful right, 
the patentee may, on payment of a prescribed fee, make a disclaimer of such parts as the patentee does 
not claim to hold by virtue of the patent or the assignment thereof 
48(2) Form and attestation of disclaimer 
(2) The disclaimer referred to in subsection (1) shall be in writing, and in duplicate, and shall be attested 
by one or more witnesses. 
48(3) Copies 
(3) One copy of a disclaimer shall be filed and recorded in the office of the Commissioner and the 
other shall be attached to the patent and made a part thereof by reference and the disclaimer shall 
thereafter be deemed to be part of the original specification. 
48(4) Pending suits not affected 
(4) No disclaimer affects any action pending at the time when it is made, unless there is unreasonable 
neglect or delay in making it. 
48(5) Death of patentee 
(5) In case of the death of an original patentee or of his having assigned the patent, a like right to 
disclaim vests in his legal representatives, any of whom may exercise it. 
48(6) Effect of disclaimer 
(6) A patent shall, after disclaimer as provided in this section, be deemed to be valid for such material 
and substantial part of the invention, definitely distinguished from other parts thereof claimed without 
right, as is not disclaimed and is truly the invention of the disclaimant, and the disclaimant is entitled 
to maintain an action or suit in respect of that part accordingly. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 48; R.S., 1985, c 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 17. REDELIVRANCE DE BREVETS 
47(1) Delivrance de brevets nouveaux ou rectifies IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 33 
47. (1) Lorsqu'un brevet est juge defectueux ou inoperant a cause d'une description et specification 
insuffisante, ou parce que Ie brevete a revendique plus ou moins qu'il n'avait droit de revendiquer 
a titre d'invention nouvelle, mais qu'il apparait en meme temps que l'erreur a ete commise par 
inadvertance, accident ou meprise, sans intention de frauder ou de tromper, Ie commissaire peut, si 
Ie brevete abandonne ce brevet dans un delai de quatre ans a compter de la date du brevet, et apres 
acquittement d'une taxe reglementaire additionnelle, faire delivrer au brevete un nouveau brevet, 
conforme a une description et specification rectifiee par Ie brevete, pour la meme invention et pour 
la partie restant alors a courir de la periode pour laquelle Ie brevet original a ete accorde. 
47(2) Effet du nouveau brevet 
(2) Un tel abandon ne prend effet qu'au moment de la delivrance du nouveau brevet, et ce nouveau 
brevet, ainsi que la description et specification rectifiee, a Ie meme effet en droit, dans l'instruction 
de toute action engagee par la suite pour tout motif survenu subsequemment, que si cette description 
et specification rectifiee avait ete originalement deposee dans sa forme corrigee, avant la delivrance 
du brevet original. Dans la mesure OU les revendications du brevet original et du brevet redelivre sont 
identiques, un tel abandon n'atteint aucune instance pendante au moment de la redelivrance, ni n'annule 
aucun motif d'instance alors existant, et Ie brevet redelivre, dans la mesure ou ses revendications sont 
identiques a celles du brevet original, constitue une continuation du brevet original et est maintenu 
en vigueur sans interruption depuis la date du brevet original. 
47(3) Brevets distincts pour elements distincts 
(3) Le commissaire peut accueillir des demandes distinctes et faire delivrer des brevets pour des elements 
distincts et separes de l'invention brevetee, sur versement de la taxe a payer pour la redelivrance de 
chacun de ces brevets redelivres. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 50 
RENONCIA TIONS 
48(1) Cas de renonciation 
48. (1) Le brevete peut, en acquittant la taxe reglementaire, renoncer a tel des elements qu'il ne pretend 
pas retenir au titre du brevet, ou d'une cession de celui-ci, si, par erreur, accident ou inadvertance, 
et sans intention de frauder ou tromper Ie public, dans l'un ou I'autre des cas suivants : 
a) il a donne trop d'etendue a son memoire descriptif, en revendiquant plus que la chose dont 
lui-meme, ou son mandataire, est l'inventeur; 
b) il s'est represente dans Ie memoire descriptif, ou a represente son mandataire, comme etant 
I'inventeur d'un element materiel ou substantiel de I'invention brevetee, alors qu'il n'en etait pas 
I'inventeur et qu'il n'y avait aucun droit 
48(2) Forme et attestation de la renonciation 
(2) L'acte de renonciation se fait par ecrit, en double exemplaire, et est atteste par un ou plusieurs 
temoins. 
48(3) Exemplaires 
(3) Un exemplaire de l'acte de renonciation est depose et conserve au bureau du commissaire, et l'autre 
exemplaire est joint au brevet et y est incorpore au moyen d'un renvoi. La renonciation est, par la 
suite, reputee faire partie du memoire descriptif original. 
48(4) Sans effet sur les actions pendantes 
(4) Dans toute action pendante au moment ou elle est faite, aucune renonciation n'a d'effet, sauf a 
l'egard de la negligence ou du retard inexcusable a la faire. 
48(5) Deces du brevete 
(5) Si Ie brevete original meurt, ou s'il cede son brevet, la faculte qu'il avait de faire une renonciation 
passe a ses representants legaux, et chacun d'eux peut exercer cette faculte. 
48(6) Effet de la renonciation 
(6) Apres la renonciation, Ie brevet est considere comme valide quant a tel element materiel et substantiel 
de l'invention, nettement distinct des autres elements de l'invention qui avaient ete indfunent revendiques, 
auquel il n'a pas ete renonce et qui constitue veritablement l'invention de I'auteur de la renonciation, 
et celui-ci est admis a soutenir en consequence une action ou poursuite a l'egard de cet element. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 48; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 17 IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 34 
48.1(1) Request for re-examination RE-EXAMINA nON 
48.1 (1) Any person may request a re-examination of any claim of a patent by filing with the 
Commissioner prior art consisting of patents and printed publications and by paying a prescribed fee. 
48.1(2) Pertinency of request 
(2) A request for re-examination under subsection (1) shall set forth the pertinency of the prior art 
and the manner of applying the prior art to the claim for which re-examination is requested. 
48.1(3) Notice to patentee 
(3) Forthwith after receipt of a request for re-examination under subsection (1), the Commissioner 
shall send a copy of the request to the patentee of the patent in respect of which the request is made, 
unless the patentee is the person who made the request 
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18 
48.2(1) Establishment of re-examination board 
48.2 (1) Forthwith after receipt of a request for re-examination under subsection 48.1(1), the 
Commissioner shall establish a re-examination board consisting of not fewer than three persons, at 
least two of whom shall be employees of the Patent Office, to which the request shall be referred for 
determination. 
48.2(2) Detennination to be made by board 
(2) A re-examination board shall, within three months following its establishment, determine whether 
a substantial new question of patentability affecting any claim of the patent concerned is raised by the 
request for re-examination. 
48.2(3) Notice 
(3) Where a re-examination board has determined that a request for re-examination does not raise a 
substantial new question affecting the patentability of a claim of the patent concerned, the board shall 
so notify the person who filed the request and the decision of the board is final for all purposes and 
is not subject to appeal or to review by any court. 
48.2(4) Idem 
(4) Where a re-examination board has determined that a request for re-examination raises a substantial 
new question affecting the patentability of a claim of the patent concerned, the board shall notify the 
patentee of the determination and the reasons therefor. 
48.2(5) Filing of reply 
(5) A patentee who receives notice under subsection (4) may, within three months of the date of the 
notice, submit to the re-examination board a reply to the notice setting out submissions on the question 
of the patentability of the claim of the patent in respect of which the notice was given. 
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18. 
48.3(1) Re-examination proceeding 
48.3 (1) On receipt of a reply under subsection 48.2(5) or in the absence of any reply within three 
months after notice is given under subsection 48.2(4), a re-examination board shall forthwith cause 
a re-examination to be made of the claim of the patent in respect of which the request for re-examination 
was submitted 
48.3(2) Patentee may submit amendments 
(2) In any re-examination proceeding under subsection (1), the patentee may propose any amendment 
to the patent or any new claims in relation thereto but no proposed amendment or new claim enlarging 
the scope of a claim of the patent shall be permitted. 
48.3(3) Time limitation 
(3) A re-examination proceeding in respect of a claim of a patent shall be completed within twelve 
months of the commencement of the proceedings under subsection (1). 
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18. 
48.4(1) Certificate of board 
48.4 (1) On conclusion of a re-examination proceeding in respect of a claim of a patent, the 
re-examination board shall issue a certificate 
(a) cancelling any claim of the patent determined to be unpatentable; 
(b) confirming any claim of the patent determined to be patentable; or 
(c) incorporating in the patent any proposed amended or new claim determined to be patentable. REEXAMEN 
48.1(1) Demande IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 35 
48.1 (1) Chacun peut demander Ie reexamen de toute revendication d'un brevet sur depot, aupres du 
commissaire, d'un dossier d'anteriorite constitue de brevets et d'imprimes et sur paiement des taxes 
reglementaires 
48.1(2) Pertinence 
(2) La demande enonce la pertinence du dossier et sa correspondance avec les revendications du brevet. 
48.1(3) Avis 
(3) Sur reception de la demande, Ie commissaire en expedie un double au titulaire du brevet attaque, 
sauf si celui-ci est egalement Ie demandeur. 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18. 
48.2(1) Constitution d'un conseil de reexamen 
482 (1) Sur depot de la demande, Ie commissaire constitue un conseil de reexamen forme d'au moins 
trois conseillers, dont deux au moins sont rattaches au Bureau des brevets, qui se saisissent de la 
demande 
48.2(2) Decision 
(2) Dans leg trois mois suivant sa constitution, Ie conseil decide si la demande souleve quelque point 
de fond vis-a-vis la brevetabilite des revendications du brevet en cause. 
48.2(3) Avis 
(3) Le conseil avise Ie demandeur de toute decision negative, celle-ci etant finale et ne pouvant faire 
l'objet d'un appel ou d'une revision judiciaire 
48.2(4) Idem 
(4) En cas de decision positive, Ie conseil expedie un avis motive de la decision au titulaire du brevet 
48.2(5) Reponse 
(5) Dans les trois mois suivant la reception de l'avis, Ie titulaire en cause peut expedier au conseil une 
reponse exposant ses observations sur la brevetabilite des revendications du brevet vise par I' avis. 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18 
48.3(1) Procedure de reexamen 
48.3 (1) Sur reception de Ia reponse ou au plus tard trois mois apres I'avis mentionne au 
paragraphe 48.2(4), Ie conseil se saisit du reexamen des revendications du brevet en cause 
48.3(2) Depot de modifications 
(2) Le titulaire peut proposer des modifications au brevet ou toute nouvelle revendication a cet egard 
qui n'ont pas pour effet d'elargir Ia portee des revendications du brevet original. 
48.3(3) Duree 
(3) Le reexamen doit etre termine dans les douze mois suivant Ie debut de la procedure. 
L R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art 18. 
48.4(1) Constat 
48.4 (1) A l'issue du reexamen, Ie conseil delivre un constat portant rejet ou confirmation des 
revendications du brevet attaque ou, Ie cas echeant, versant au brevet toute modification ou nouvelle 
revendication jugee brevetable. IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 36 
48.4(2) Certificate attached to patent 
(2) A certificate issued in respect of a patent under subsection (1) shall be attached to the patent and 
made part thereof by reference, and a copy of the certificate shall be sent by registered mail to the 
patentee. 
48.4(3) Effect of certificate 
(3) For the purposes of this Act, where a certificate issued in respect of a patent under subsection (1) 
(a) cancels any claim but not all claims ofthe patent, the patent shall be deemed to have been issued, 
from the date of grant, in the corrected form; 
(b) cancels all claims of the patent, the patent shall be deemed never to have been issued; or 
(c) amends any claim of the patent or incorporates a new claim in the patent, the amended claim 
or new claim shall be effective, from the date ofthe certificate, for the unexpired term of the patent. 
RS., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp ), s 18. 
48.5(1) Appeals 
48.5 (1) Any decision of a re-examination board set out in a certificate issued under subsection 48.4(1) 
is subject to appeal by the patentee to the Federal Court 
48.5(2) Limitation 
(2) No appeal may be taken under subsection (1) after three months from the date a copy of the certificate 
is sent by registered mail to the patentee 
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18. 
ASSIGNMENTS AND DEVOLUTIONS 
49(1) Assignee or personal representatives 
49. (1) A patent may be granted to any person to whom an inventor, entitled under this Act to obtain 
a patent, has assigned in writing or bequeathed by his last will his right to obtain it, and, in the absence 
of an assignment or bequest, the patent may be granted to the personal representatives of the estate 
of the deceased inventor 
49(2) Assignees may object 
(2) Where an applicant for a patent has, after filing the application, assigned his right to obtain the 
patent, or where the applicant has either before or after filing the application assigned in writing the 
whole or part of his property or interest in the invention, the assignee may register the assignment 
in the Patent Office in such manner as may be determined by the Commissioner, and no application 
for a patent may be withdrawn without the consent in writing of every such registered assignee. 
49(3) Attestation 
(3) No assignment shall be registered in the Patent Office unless it is accompanied by the affidavit 
of a subscribing witness or established by other proof to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that the 
assignment has been signed and executed by the assignor. 
R S., 1985, c P-4, s 49; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 19 
50(1) Patents to be assignable 
50. (1) Every patent issued for an invention is assignable in law, either as to the whole interest or as 
to any part thereof, by an instrument in writing. 
50(2) Registration 
(2) Every assignment of a patent, and every grant and conveyance of any exclusive right to make and 
use and to grant to others the right to make and use the invention patented, within and throughout Canada 
or any part thereof, shall be registered in the Patent Office in the manner determined by the 
Commissioner. 
50(3) Attestation 
(3) No assignment, grant or conveyance shall be registered in the Patent Office unless it is accompanied 
by the affidavit of a subscribing witness or established by other proof to the satisfaction of the 
Commissioner that the assignment, grant or conveyance has been signed and executed by the assignor 
and by every other party thereto. 
RS., 1985, c. P-4, s. 50, RS., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s 20. 
51 When assignment void 
51. Every assignment affecting a patent for invention, whether it is one referred to in section 49 or 
50, is void against any subsequent assignee, unless the assignment is registered as prescribed by those 
sections, before the registration of the instrument under which the subsequent assignee claims. 
RS., c. P-4, s. 53. 48.4(2) Annexe IP/NIlICANIPI 1 
Page 37 
(2) Le constat est annexe au brevet, dont il fait partie integrante. Un double en est expedie, par courrier 
recommande, au titulaire du brevet. 
48.4(3) Effet du constat 
(3) Pour l'application de Ia presente Ioi, Iorsqu'un constat: 
a) rejette une revendication du brevet sans en rejeter Ia totalite, celui-ci est repute, a compter de 
Ia date de sa deIivrance, delivre en Ia forme modifiee; 
b) rejette Ia totalite de ces revendications, Ie brevet est repute n'avoir jamais ete delivre; 
c) modifie une telle revendication ou en inclut une nouvelle, l'une ou I'autre prend effet a compter 
de Ia date du constat jusqu'a l'expiration de Ia duree du brevet. 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art 18. 
48.5(1) Appel 
48 5 (1) Le titulaire du brevet peut saisir Ia Cour federate d'un appel portant sur Ie constat de decision 
vise au paragraphe 48.4(1). 
48.5(2) Prescription 
(2) lIne peut etre forme d'appel plus de trois mois apres I'expedition du double du constat au titulaire 
du brevet. 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 18. 
CESSIONS ET DEVOLUTIONS 
49(1) Cessionnaire ou representants personnels 
49. (1) Un brevet peut etre concede a toute personne a qui un inventeur, ayant aux termes de Ia presente 
Ioi droit d'obtenir un brevet, a cede par ecrit ou Iegue par son dernier testament son droit de I'obtenir 
En I' absence d 'une telle cession ou d 'un tel legs, Ie brevet peut etre concede aux representants personnels 
de la succession d'un inventeur decede. 
49(2) Opposition au retrait de la demande 
(2) Si Ie demandeur d'un brevet a, apres Ie depot de sa demande, cede son droit d'obtenir Ie brevet, 
ou s'il a, avant ou apres Ie depot de celle-ci, cede par ecrit tout ou partie de son droit de propriete 
sur I'invention, ou de son interet dans l'invention, Ie cessionnaire peut faire enregistrer cette cession 
au Bureau des brevets, en Ia forme fixee par Ie commissaire, aucune demande de brevet ne peut des 
Iors etre retiree sans Ie consentement ecrit de ce cessionnaire 
49(3) Attestation 
(3) La cession ne peut etre enregistree au Bureau des brevets a moins d' etre accompagnee de I' affidavit 
d'un temoin attestant, ou a moins qu'il ne soit etabli par une autre preuve a la satisfaction du 
commissaire, que cette cession a ete signee et souscrite par Ie cedant. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 49; L R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppI ), art. 19. 
50(1) Les brevets sont cessibles 
50. (1) Tout brevet delivre pour une invention est cessible en droit, soit pour Ia totalite, soit pour une 
partie de l'interet, au moyen d'un acte par ecrit 
50(2) Enregistrement 
(2) Toute cession de brevet et tout acte de concession ou translatif du droit exclusif d'executer et 
d'exploiter I 'invention brevetee partout au Canada et de conceder un tel droit a des tiers sont enregistn!s 
au Bureau des brevets selon ce que Ie commissaire etablit. 
50(3) Attestation 
(3) L'acte de cession, de concession ou de transport ne peut etre enregistre au Bureau des brevets a 
moins d'etre accompagne de l'affidavit d'un temoin attestant, ou a moins qu'it ne soit etabli par une 
autre preuve a la satisfaction du commissaire, qu'un tel acte de cession, de concession ou de transport 
a ete signe et souscrit par Ie cedant et aussi par chacune des autres parties ai' acte 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 50; L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 20. 
51 Nullite de la cession, a defaut d'enregistrement 
51. Toute cession en vertu des articles 49 ou 50 est nulle et de nul effet a l'egard d'un cessionnaire 
subsequent, a moins que I'acte de cession n'ait ete enregistre, aux termes de ces articles, avant 
I' enregistrement de I' acte sur lequel ce cessionnaire subsequent fonde sa reclamation 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 53 IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 38 
52 Jurisdiction of Federal Court 
52. The Federal Court has jurisdiction, on the application of the Commissioner or of any person 
interested, to order that any entry in the records of the Patent Office relating to the title to a patent 
be varied or expunged. 
R S., c. P-4, s. 54; RS., c. 1O(2nd Supp.), s 64. 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IN RESPECT OF PATENTS 
53(1) Void in certain cases, or valid only for parts 
53. (1) A patent is void if any material allegation in the petition of the applicant in respect of the patent 
is untrue, or if the specification and drawings contain more or less than is necessary for obtaining the 
end for which they purport to be made, and the omission or addition is wilfully made for the purpose 
of misleading. 
53(2) Exception 
(2) Where it appears to a court that the omission or addition referred to in subsection (1) was an 
involuntary error and it is proved that the patentee is entitled to the remainder of his patent, the court 
shall render a judgment in accordance with the facts, and shall determine the costs, and the patent shall 
be held valid for that part of the invention described to which the patentee is so found to be entitled. 
53(3) Copies of judgment 
(3) Two office copies of the judgment rendered under subsection (1) shall be furnished to the Patent 
Office by the patentee, one of which shall be registered and remain of record in the Office and the 
other attached to the patent and made a part of it by a reference thereto 
RS., c. P-4, s. 55. 
INFRINGEMENT 
54(1) Jurisdiction of courts 
54. (1) An action for the infringement of a patent may be brought in that court of record that, in the 
province in which the infringement is said to have occurred, has jurisdiction, pecuniarily, to the amount 
of the damages claimed and that, with relation to the other courts of the province, holds its sittings 
nearest to the place of residence or of business of the defendant, and that court shall decide the case 
and determine the costs, and assumption of jurisdiction by the court is of itself sufficient proof of 
jurisdiction 
54(2) Jurisdiction of Federal Court 
(2) Nothing in this section impairs the jurisdiction of the Federal Court under section 20 of the Federal 
Court Act or otherwise. 
RS., c. P-4, s. 56; R.S., c. 1O(2nd Supp.), s. 65. 
55(1) Infringement and remedy 
55. (1) Any person who infringes a patent is 
(a) liable to the patentee and to all persons claiming under the patentee for all damages sustained 
by the patentee or by any such person, after the grant of the patent, by reason of the infringement; 
and 
(b) liable to pay reasonable compensation to the patentee and to all persons claiming under the patentee 
for any damages sustained by the patentee or by any such person by reason of any act on his part, 
after the application for the patent became open to the inspection of the public under section 10 
and before the grant of the patent, that would have constituted an infringement of the patent if the 
patent had been granted on the day the application became open to the inspection of the public under 
that section. 
55(2) Patentee to be a party 
(2) Unless otherwise expressly provided, the patentee shall be or be made a party to any action for 
the recovery of damages referred to in subsection (1). 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 55; RS., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 21. 
55.1 Burden of proof for patented process 
55.1 In an action for infringement of a patent granted for a process for obtaining a new product, any 
product that is the same as the new product shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be considered 
to have been produced by the patented process. 
1993, c. 2, s. 4, c. 44, s. 193. 52 Juridiction de la Cour federale IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 39 
52. La Cour federale est competente, sur la demande du commissaire ou de toute personne interessee, 
pour ordonner que toute inscription dans les registres du Bureau des brevets concernant Ie titre a un 
brevet soit modifiee ou radiee. 
S R, ch. P-4, art. 54, S.R, ch. 1O(2e suppl.), art. 64. 
PROCEDURES JUDICIAlRES RELATIVES AUX BREVETS 
53(1) Nul en certains cas, ou valide en partie seulement 
53. (1) Le brevet est nul si la petition du demandeur, relative a ce brevet, contient quelque allegation 
importante qui n'est pas conforme a la verite, ou si Ie memoire descriptif et les dessins contiennent 
plus ou moins qu'il n'est necessaire pour demontrer ce qu'ils sont censes demontrer, et si l'omission 
ou I' addition est volontairement faite pour induire en erreur 
53(2) Exception 
(2) S'il apparait au tribunal que pareille omission ou addition est Ie resultat d'une erreur involontaire, 
et s'il est prouve que Ie brevete a droit au reste de son brevet, Ie tribunal rend jugement selon les faits 
et statue sur les frais Le brevet est repute valide quant a la partie de l'invention decrite a laquelle Ie 
brevete est reconnu avoir droit 
53(3) Copies du jugement 
(3) Le brevete transmet au Bureau des brevets deux copies authentiques de ce jugement. Une copie 
en est enregistree et conservee dans les archives du Bureau, et l'autre est jointe au brevet et y est 
incorporee au moyen d'un renvoi 
S.R, ch. P-4, art. 55. 
CONTREFACON 
54(1) Juridiction des tribunaux 
54. (1) Une action en contrefa90n de brevet peut etre portee devant la cour d'archives qui, dans la 
province ou il est allegue que la contrefa90n s'est produite, a juridiction, pecuniairement, jusqu'a 
concurrence du montant des dommages-interets reclames et qui, par rapport aux autres tribunaux de 
la province, tient ses audiences dans l'endroit Ie plus rapproche du lieu de residence ou d'affaires du 
defendeur. Ce tribunal juge la cause et statue sur les frais, et I' appropriation de juridiction par Ie tribunal 
est en soi une preuve suffisante de juridiction. 
54(2) Juridiction de 1a Cour federale 
(2) Le present article n'a pas pour effet de restreindre la juridiction attribuee ala Cour federale par 
l' article 20 de la Loi sur fa Cour jederaie ou autrement. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 56, SR., ch. 1O(2e suppl ), art 65. 
55(1) Contrefa~on et recours 
55. (1) Quiconque contrefait un brevet est responsable envers Ie brevete et toute personne se reclamant 
de celui-ci de tous dommages-intl~rets que cette contrefa90n a fait subir aces personnes apres l'octroi 
du brevet II est egalement responsable envers ceux-ci, a concurrence d'une indemnite raisonnable, 
des dommages-interets qu'un acte de sa part leur a fait subir entre la date a laquelle la demande de 
brevet est devenue accessible sous Ie regime de l'article 10 et l'octroi du brevet, dans Ie cas ou cet 
acte aurait constitue une contrefa90n si Ie brevet avait ete accorde a la date ou cette demande est ainsi 
devenue accessible. 
55(2) Le brevete est partie 
(2) Sauf disposition expressement contraire, Ie brevete est, ou est constitue, partie a toute action en 
recouvrement des dommages-interets en l'espece. 
L.R (1985), ch. P-4, art. 55; L.R (1985), ch 33 (3e suppl.), art. 21. 
55.1 Nouveau produit 
55.1 Dans une action en contrefa90n d'un brevet accorde pour un procede relatif a un nouveau produit, 
tout produit qui est identique au nouveau produit est, en l'absence de preuve contraire, repute avoir 
ete produit par Ie procede brevete. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 4, ch. 44, art. 193 IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 40 
55.2(1) Exception 
55.2 (1) It is not an infringement of a patent for any person to make, construct, use or sell the patented 
invention solely for uses reasonably related to the development and submission of information required 
under any law of Canada, a province or a country other than Canada that regulates the manufacture, 
construction, use or sale of any product. 
55.2(2) Idem 
(2) It is not an infringement of a patent for any person who makes, constructs, uses or sells a patented 
invention in accordance with subsection (1) to make, construct or use the invention, during the applicable 
period provided for by the regulations, for the manufacture and storage of articles intended for sale 
after the date on which the term of the patent expires 
55.2(3) Regulations 
(3) The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purposes of subsection (2), but any period 
provided for by the regulations must terminate immediately preceding the date on which the term of 
the patent expires. 
55.2(4) Idem 
(4) The Governor in Council may make such regulations as the Governor in Council considers necessary 
for preventing the infringement of a patent by any person who makes, constructs, uses or sells a patented 
invention in accordance with subsection (1) or (2) including, without limiting the generality of the 
foregoing, regulations 
(a) respecting the conditions that must be fulfilled before a notice, certificate, permit or other 
document concerning any product to which a patent may relate may be issued to a patentee or other 
person under any Act of Parliament that regulates the manufacture, construction, use or sale of 
that product, in addition to any conditions provided for by or under that Act, 
(b) respecting the earliest date on which a notice, certificate, permit or other document referred 
to in paragraph (a) that is issued or to be issued to a person other than the patentee may take effect 
and respecting the manner in which that date is to be determined; 
(c) governing the resolution of disputes between a patentee or former patentee and any person who 
applies for a notice, certificate, permit or other document referred to in paragraph (a) as to the 
date on which that notice, certificate, permit or other document may be issued or take effect, 
(d) conferring rights of action in any court of competent jurisdiction with respect to any disputes 
referred to in paragraph (c) and respecting the remedies that may be sought in the court, the procedure 
of the court in the matter and the decisions and orders it may make; and 
(e) generally governing the issue of a notice, certificate, permit or other document referred to in 
paragraph (a) in circumstances where the issue of that notice, certificate, permit or other document 
might result directly or indirectly in the infringement of a patent. . 
55.2(5) Inconsistency or conflict 
(5) In the event of any inconsistency or conflict between 
(a) this section or any regulations made under this section, and 
(b) any Act of Parliament or any regulations made thereunder, 
this section or the regulations made under this section shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency 
or conflict. 
55.2(6) For greater certainty 
(6) For greater certainty, subsection (1) does not affect any exception to the exclusive property or 
privilege granted by a patent that exists at law in respect of acts done privately and on a non-commercial 
scale or for a non-commercial purpose or in respect of any use, manufacture, construction or sale of 
the patented invention solely for the purpose of experiments that relate to the subject-matter of the 
patent. 
1993, c. 2, s. 4 
56(1) Patent not to affect previous purchaser 
56. (1) Every person who, before the earlier of the date of filing of an application for a patent and 
the priority date of the application, if any, has purchased, constructed or acquired the invention for 
which a patent is afterwards obtained under this Act, has the right to use and sell to others the specific 
article, machine, manufacture or composition of matter patented and so purchased, constructed or 
acquired without being liable to the patentee or the legal representatives of the patentee for so doing. 55.2(1) Exception IP/NIlICANlP1 1 
Page 41 
55.2 (1) 11 n'y a pas contrefac;:on de brevet lorsque l'utilisation, la fabrication, la construction ou la 
vente d'une invention brevetee se justifie dans la seule mesure necessaire a la preparation et a la 
production du dossier d'information qu'oblige a fournir une loi federale, provinciale ou etrangere 
reglementant la fabrication, la construction, I 'utilisation ou la vente d 'un produit. 
55.2(2) Idem 
(2) 11 n'y a pas contrefac;:on de brevet si l'utilisation, la fabrication, la construction ou la vente d'une 
invention brevetee, au sens du paragraphe (1), a lieu dans la periode prevue par reglement et qu'eUe 
a pour but la production et l'emmagasinage d'articles determines destines a etre vendus apres la date 
d'expiration du brevet. 
55.2(3) Reglements 
(3) Le gouverneur en conseil peut, par reglement, prendre les mesures necessaires a l'application du 
paragraphe (2) etant entendu que toute periode ainsi prevue doit se terminer a la date qui precede 
immediatement ceUe ou expire Ie brevet. 
55.2(4) Idem 
(4) Afin d' empecher la contrefac;:on de brevet d' invention par I 'utilisateur, Ie fabricant, Ie constructeur 
ou Ie vendeur d'une invention brevetee au sens des paragraphes (1) ou (2), Ie gouverneur en conseil 
peut prendre des reglements, notamment : 
a) fixant des conditions complementaires necessaires a la delivrance, en vertu de lois federales 
regissant I' exploitation, la fabrication, la construction ou la vente de produits sur lesquels porte 
un brevet, d'avis, de certificats, de permis ou de tout autre titre a quiconque n'est pas Ie brevete, 
b) concernant la premiere date, et la maniere de la fixer, a laqueUe un titre vise a l'alinea a) peut 
etre delivre a quelqu'un qui n'est pas Ie brevete et a laqueUe eUe peut prendre effet; 
c) concernant Ie reglement des litiges entre Ie brevete, ou I 'ancien titulaire du brevet, et Ie demandeur 
d'un titre vise a l'alinea a), quant a la date a laqueUe Ie titre en question peut etre de livre ou prendre 
effet, 
d) conferant des droits d'action devant tout tribunal competent concernant les litiges vises a l'alinea 
c), les conclusions qui peuvent etre recherchees, la procedure devant ce tribunal et les decisions 
qui peuvent etre rendues; 
e) sur toute autre mesure concernant la delivrance d'un titre vise a l'alinea a) lorsque celle-ci peut 
avoir pour effet la contrefac;:on de brevet. 
55.2(5) Divergences 
(5) Vne disposition reglementaire prise sous Ie regime du present article prevaut sur toute disposition 
legislative ou reglementaire federale divergente. 
55.2(6) Interpretation 
(6) Le paragraphe (1) n'a pas pour effet de porter atteinte au regime legal des exceptions au droit de 
propriete ou au privilege exclusif que confere un brevet en ce qui touche soit I 'usage prive et sur une 
echeUe ou dans un but non commercial, soit l'utilisation, la fabrication, la construction ou la vente 
d'une invention brevetee dans un but d'experimentation. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 4. 
56(1) Droit de l'acquereur anterieur 
56. (1) Quiconque, avant la date de depot d'une demande de brevet ou, si eUe est anterieure, la date 
de priorite de la demande, achete, execute ou acquiert une invention eventueUement brevetee peut utiliser 
et vendre I' article, la machine, I' objet manufacture ou la composition de matieres brevetes ainsi achetes, 
executes ou acquis avant cette date sans encourir de responsabilite envers Ie brevete ou ses representants 
legaux IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 42 
56(2) Non-application 
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of a purchase, construction or acquisition referred to in 
subsection (3) or (4). 
56(3) Special case 
(3) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as it read immediately before the day on which subsection (1) came 
into force, applies in respect of a purchase, construction or acquisition made before that day of an 
invention for which a patent is issued on the basis of an application filed after October 1, 1989 and 
before the day on which subsection (1) came into force. 
56(4) Idem 
(4) Section 56 of the Patent Act, as it read immediately before October 1, 1989, applies in respect 
of a purchase, construction or acquisition made before the day on which subsection (1) came into force 
of an invention for which a patent is issued before October 1, 1989 or is issued after October 1, 1989 
on the basis of an application filed before October 1, 1989. 
R S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 56, R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 22; 1993, c. 44, s. 194 
57(1) Injunction may issue 
57. (1) In any action for infringement of a patent, the court, or any judge thereof, may, on the application 
of the plaintiff or defendant, make such order as the court or judge sees fit, 
(a) restraining or enjoining the opposite party from further use, manufacture or sale of the 
subject-matter of the patent, and for his punishment in the event of disobedience of that order, or 
(b) for and respecting inspection or account, 
and generally, respecting the proceedings in the action. 
57(2) Appeal 
(2) An appeal lies from any order made under subsection (1) in the same circumstances and to the 
same court as from other judgments or orders of the court in which the order is made. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 59. 
58 Invalid claims not to affect valid claims 
58. When, in any action or proceeding respecting a patent that contains two or more claims, one or 
more of those claims is or are held to be valid but another or others is or are held to be invalid or 
void, effect shall be given to the patent as if it contained only the valid claim or claims 
R.S., c. P-4, s 60. 
59 Defence 
59. The defendant, in any action for infringement of a patent may plead as matter of defence any fact 
or default which by this Act or by law renders the patent void, and the court shall take cognizance 
of that pleading and of the relevant facts and decide accordingly 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 61. 
IMPEACHMENT 
60(1) Impeachment of patents or claims 
60. (1) A patent or any claim in a patent may be declared invalid or void by the Federal Court at the 
instance of the Attorney General of Canada or at the instance of any interested person. 
60(2) Declaration as to infringement 
(2) Where any person has reasonable cause to believe that any process used or proposed to be used 
or any article made, used or sold or proposed to be made, used or sold by him might be alleged by 
any patentee to constitute an infringement of an exclusive property or privilege granted thereby, he 
may bring an action in the Federal Court against the patentee for a declaration that the process or article 
does not or would not constitute an infringement of the exclusive property or privilege. 
60(3) Security for costs 
(3) With the exception of the Attorney General of Canada or the attorney general of a province, the 
plaintiff in any action under this section shall, before proceeding therein, give security for the costs 
of the patentee in such sum as the Federal Court may direct, but a defendant in any action for the 
infringement of a patent is entitled to obtain a declaration under this section without being required 
to furnish any security. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 62; R.S., c. 10(2nd Supp.), s. 64. 56(2) Non-application IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 43 
(2) Le paragraphe (1) ne s'applique pas aux achats, executions ou acquisitions vises aux paragraphes 
(3) et (4). 
56(3) Cas speciaux 
(3) L'article 56 de la Loi sur les brevets, dans sa version anterieure a la date d'entree en vigueur du 
paragraphe (1), s' applique a l' achat, l' execution ou l' acquisition, anterieurs a cette date, d 'une invention 
pour laquelle un brevet est delivre relativement a une demande deposee apres Ie 1 er octobre 1989 mais 
avant l'entree en vigueur du paragraphe (1). 
56(4) Idem 
(4) L' article 56 de la Loi sur les brevets, dans sa version anterieure au 1 er octobre 1989, s' applique 
a I'achat, l'execution ou l'acquisition, anterieurs a la date d'entree en vigueur du paragraphe (1), d'une 
invention pour laquelle un brevet est delivre avant Ie 1 er octobre 1989, ou apres cette date mais 
relativement a une demande deposee avant cette date. 
L.R. (1985), ch P-4, art. 56, L.R. (1985), ch 33 (3e suppl ), art. 22; 1993, ch 44, art 194. 
57(1) Interdiction 
57. (1) Dans toute action en contrefa~on de brevet, Ie tribunal, ou l'un de ses juges, peut, sur requete 
du plaignant ou du defendeur, rendre l'ordonnance qu'il juge a propos de rendre . 
a) pour interdire ou defendre a la partie adverse de continuer a exploiter, fabriquer ou vendre I' article 
qui fait I' objet du brevet, et pour prescrire la peine a subir dans Ie cas de desobeissance a cette 
ordonnance; 
b) pour les fins et a l'egard de l'inspection ou du reglement de comptes, 
et d'une fac;:on generale, quant aux procedures de l'action. 
57(2) Appel 
(2) Appel peut etre interjete de cette ordonnance dans les memes circonstances et au meme tribunal 
qu'appel peut etre interjete des autres jugements ou ordonnances du tribunal qui a rendu l'ordonnance. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 59. 
58 Revendications invalides 
58. Lorsque, dans une action ou procedure relative a un brevet qui renferme deux ou plusieurs 
revendications, une ou plusieurs de ces revendications sont tenues pour valides, mais qu'une autre ou 
d'autres sont tenues pour invalides ou nulles, il est donne effet au brevet tout comme s'il ne renfermait 
que la ou les revendications valides 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 60. 
59 Defense 
59. Dans toute action en contrefa«on de brevet, Ie defendeur peut invoquer comme moyen de defense 
tout fait ou manquement qui, d'apres la presente loi ou en droit, entraine la nullite du brevet; Ie tribunal 
prend connaissance de cette defense et des faits pertinents et statue en consequence. 
S.R., ch P-4, art. 61. 
INVALIDATION 
60(1) Invalidation de brevets ou de revendications 
60. (1) Un brevet ou une revendication se rapportant a un brevet peut etre declare invalide ou nul par 
la Cour federale, a la diligence du procureur general du Canada ou a la diligence d'un interesse. 
60(2) Declaration relative a la violation 
(2) Si une personne a un motif raisonnable de croire qu'un procede employe ou dont I' emploi est projete, 
ou qu'un article fabrique, employe ou vendu ou dont sont projetes la fabrication, I'emploi ou la vente 
par eUe, pourrait, d'apres l'aUegation d'un brevete, constituer une violation d'un droit de propriete 
ou privilege exclusif accorde de ce chef, elle peut intenter une action devant la Cour federale contre 
Ie brevete afin d' obtenir une declaration que ce procede ou cet article ne constitue pas ou ne constituerait 
pas une violation de ce droit de propriete ou de ce privilege exclusif. 
60(3) Cautionnement pour frais 
(3) A I 'exception du procureur general du Canada ou du procureur general d'une province, Ie plaignant 
dans une action exercee sous I' auto rite du present article fournit, avant de s'y engager, un cautionnement 
pour les frais du brevete au montant que Ie tribunal peut determiner. Toutefois, Ie defendeur dans toute 
action en contrefac;:on de brevet a Ie droit d'obtenir une declaration en vertu du present article sans 
etre tenu de fournir un cautionnement. 
S.R, ch. P-4, art. 62; S.R., ch. 1O(2e supp!.), art. 64. IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 44 
61. [Repealed, RS., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 23] 
JUDGMENTS 
62 Judgment voiding patent 
62. A certificate of a judgment voiding in whole or in part any patent shall, at the request of any person 
filing it to make it of record in the Patent Office, be entered on the margin of the enrolment of the 
patent in the Patent Office, and the patent or such part thereof as is so voided shall thereupon be and 
be held to have been void and of no effect, unless the judgment is reversed on appeal as provided in 
section 63. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 64. 
63 Appeal 
63. Every judgment voiding in whole or in part or refusing to void in whole or in part any patent is 
subject to appeal to any court having appellate jurisdiction in other cases decided by the court by which 
the judgment was rendered 
R S , c. P-4, s. 65. 
64. [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 195] 
65(1) Abuse of rights under patents CONDITIONS 
65. (1) The Attorney General of Canada or any person interested may, at any time after the expiration 
of three years from the date of the grant of a patent, apply to the Commissioner alleging in the case 
of that patent that there has been an abuse of the exclusive rights thereunder and asking for relief under 
this Act. 
65(2) What amounts to abuse 
(2) The exclusive rights under a patent shall be deemed to have been abused in any of the following 
circumstances: 
(a) and (b) [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 196] 
(c) if the demand for the patented article in Canada is not being met to an adequate extent and on 
reasonable terms; 
(d) if, by reason of the refusal of the patentee to grant a licence or licences on reasonable terms, 
the trade or industry of Canada or the trade of any person or class of persons trading in Canada, 
or the establishment of any new trade or industry in Canada, is prejudiced, and it is in the public 
interest that a licence or licences should be granted, 
(e) if any trade or industry in Canada, or any person or class of persons engaged therein, is unfairly 
prejudiced by the conditions attached by the patentee, whether before or after the passing of this 
Act, to the purchase, hire, licence or use of the patented article or to the using or working of the 
patented process; or 
if> if it is shown that the existence of the patent, being a patent for an invention relating to a process 
involving the use of materials not protected by the patent or for an invention relating to a substance 
produced by such a process, has been utilized by the patentee so as unfairly to prejudice in Canada 
the manufacture, use or sale of any materials. 
(3) and (4) [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 196] 
65(5) Definition of "patented article" 
(5) For the purposes of this section, the expression "patented article" includes articles made by a patented 
process. 
RS., 1985, c. P-4, s. 65, 1993, c. 2, s. 5, c. 15, s. 51, c 44, s. 196. 
66(1) Powers of Commissioner in cases of abuse 
66. (1) On being satisfied that a case of abuse of the exclusive rights under a patent has been established, 
the Commissioner may exercise any of the following powers as he may deem expedient in the 
circumstances. 61. [Abroge, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 23] 
JUGEMENTS 
62 Jugement qui annule un brevet IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 45 
62. Le certificat d'un jugement annulant totalement ou partiellement un brevet est, ala requete de 
quiconque en fait la production pour que ce certificat soit depose au Bureau des brevets, consigne en 
marge de l'inscription du brevet a ce Bureau. Le brevet ou telle partie du brevet qui a ete ainsi annule 
devient alors nul et de nul effet et est tenu pour tel, a moins que Ie jugement ne soit infirme en appel 
en vertu de l' article 63. 
S R , ch P-4, art 64. 
63 Appel 
63 Tout jugement annulant totalement ou partiellement ou refusant d'annuler totalement ou partiellement 
un brevet est sujet a appel devant tout tribunal competent pour juger des appels des autres decisions 
du tribunal qui a rendu ce jugement. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art 65. 
64. [Abroge, 1993, ch. 44, art. 195] 
65(1) Abus des droits de brevets CONDITIONS 
65. (1) Le procureur general du Canada ou tout interesse peut, apres l'expiration de trois annees a 
compter de la date de la concession d'un brevet, s'adresser au commissaire pour alleguer que, dans 
Ie cas de ce brevet, les droits exclusifs qui en derivent ont donne lieu a un abus, et pour demander 
un recours sous I' autorite de la presente loi. 
65(2) En quoi consiste l'abus 
(2) Les droits exclusifs derivant d'un brevet sont reputes avoir donne lieu a un abus lorsque l'une ou 
I' autre des circonstances suivantes s' est produite : 
a) et b) [Abroges, 1993, ch 44, art. 196] 
c) il n'est pas satisfait a la demande, au Canada, de l'article brevete, dans une mesure adequate 
et a des conditions equitables; 
d) par defaut, de la part du brevete, d'accorder une ou des licences a des conditions equitables, 
Ie commerce ou I' industrie du Canada, ou Ie commerce d 'une personne ou d 'une classe de personnes 
exerc;ant un commerce au Canada, ou l'etablissement d'un nouveau commerce ou d'une nouvelle 
industrie au Canada subissent quelque prejudice, et il est d'interet public qu'une ou des licences 
soient accordees; 
e) les conditions que Ie brevete, soit avant, soit apres l'adoption de la presente loi, fixe a l'achat, 
a la location ou a l'utilisation de l'article brevete, ou a la licence qu'il pourrait accorder a l'egard 
de cet article brevete, ou a l'exploitation ou a la mise en oeuvre du procede brevete, portent 
injustement prejudice a quelque commerce ou industrie au Canada, ou a quelque personne ou classe 
de personnes engagees dans un tel commerce ou une telle industrie; 
f) il est demontre que l'existence du brevet, dans Ie cas d'un brevet pour une invention couvrant 
un procede qui comporte l'usage de matieres non protegees par Ie brevet, ou d'un brevet pour une 
invention portant sur une substance produite par un tel procede, a fourni au brevete un moyen de 
porter injustement prejudice, au Canada, a la fabrication, a l'utilisation ou a la vente de l'une de 
ces matieres 
(3) et (4) [Abroges, 1993, ch 44, art 196] 
65(5) Definition de «article brevete,> 
(5) Pour l'application du present article, «article brevete» s'entend notamment des articles fabriques 
au moyen d'un procede brevete 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 65; 1993, ch 2, art 5, ch. 15, art 51, ch. 44, art 196. 
66(1) Pouvoirs du commissaire en cas d'abus 
66. (1) Lorsque Ie commissaire est convaincu qu'a ete etabli un cas d'abus de droits exclusifs ala faveur 
d'un brevet, il peut exercer l'un des pouvoirs suivants, selon qu'il Ie juge a propos dans les 
circonstances . IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 46 
(a) he may order the grant to the applicant of a licence on such terms as the Commissioner may 
think expedient, including a term precluding the licensee from importing into Canada any goods 
the importation of which, if made by persons other than the patentee or persons claiming under 
him, would be an infringement of the patent, and in that case the patentee and all licensees for the 
time being shall be deemed to have mutually covenanted against that importation; 
(b) [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 197] 
(c) if the Commissioner is satisfied that the exclusive rights have been abused in the circumstances 
specified in paragraph 65(2){f), he may order the grant of licences to the applicant and to such of 
his customers, and containing such terms, as the Commissioner may think expedient; 
(d) if the Commissioner is satisfied that the objects of this section and section 65 cannot be attained 
by the exercise of any of the foregoing powers, the Commissioner shall order the patent to be 
revoked, either forthwith or after such reasonable interval as may be specified in the order, unless 
in the meantime such conditions as may be specified in the order with a view to attaining the objects 
of this section and section 65 are fulfilled, and the Commissioner may, on reasonable cause shown 
in any case, by subsequent order extend the interval so specified, but the Commissioner shall not 
make an order for revocation which is at variance with any treaty, convention, arrangement, or 
engagement with any other country to which Canada is a party; or 
(e) if the Commissioner is of opinion that the objects of this section and section 65 will be best 
attained by not making an order under the provisions of this section, he may make an order refusing 
the application and dispose of any question as to costs thereon as he thinks just. 
66(2) Proceedings to prevent infringement 
(2) A licensee under paragraph (l)(a) is entitled to call on the patentee to take proceedings to prevent 
infringement of the patent, and if the patentee refuses or neglects to do so within two months after 
being so called on, the licensee may institute proceedings for infringement in his own name as though 
he were the patentee, making the patentee a defendant, but a patentee added as defendant is not liable 
for any costs unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings. 
66(3) Service on patentee 
(3) Service on a patentee added as a defendant may be effected by leaving the writ at his address or 
at the address of his representative for service as appearing in the records of the Patent Office. 
66(4) Considerations by which Commissioner to be guided 
(4) In settling the terms of a licence under paragraph (l)(a), the Commissioner shall be guided as far 
as possible by the following considerations: 
(a) he shall endeavour to secure the widest possible use of the invention in Canada consistent with 
the patentee deriving a reasonable advantage from his patent rights; 
(b) he shall endeavour to secure to the patentee the maximum advantage consistent with the invention 
being worked by the licensee at a reasonable profit in Canada; and 
(c) he shall endeavour to secure equality of advantage among the several licensees, and for this 
purpose may, on due cause being shown, reduce the royalties or other payments accruing to the 
patentee under any licence previously granted. 
R.S., 1985, c. P-4, s. 66; R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 24; 1993, c. 44, s. 197. 
67. [Repealed, 1993, c. 44, s. 198] 
68(1) Contents of applications 
68. (1) Every application presented to the Commissioner under section 65 or 66 shall 
(a) set out fully the nature of the applicant's interest, the facts on which the applicant bases his case 
and the relief that he seeks; and 
(b) be accompanied by statutory declarations verifying the applicant's interest and the facts set out 
in the application. IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 47 
a) il peut ordonner la concession d'une licence a un demandeur, aux conditions que Ie commissaire 
estime convenables et qui contiennent une clause interdisant au porteur de licence d'importer au 
Canada des marchandises dont l'importation, si elle etait pratiquee par d'autres personnes que Ie 
brevete ou des personnes se reclamant de lui, constituerait une violation du brevet; en pareil cas, 
Ie brevete et toutes les personnes detenant alors une licence sont reputes etre mutuellement convenus 
d'empecher une telle importation; 
b) [Abroge, 1993, ch. 44, art. 197] 
c) s' il est convaincu que les droits exclusifs ont donne lieu a des abus dans les circonstances specifiees 
a l'alinea 65(2)j), il peut ordonner la concession de licences au demandeur et a tels de ses clients, 
a telles conditions, que Ie commissaire juge convenables, 
d) s' il est convaincu que I' exercice de I 'un des pouvoirs prevus au present article ne peut en n!aliser 
les objets et ceux de I'article 65, il ordonne la decheance du brevet, soit immediatement, soit a 
l'expiration d'un delai raisonnable que specifie l'or.donnance, a moins que dans l'intervalle n'aient 
ete remplies les conditions que fixe l'ordonnance en vue de realiser les objets du present article 
et de I'article 65; il peut, pour des motifs raisonnables et demontres en chaque cas, prolonger par 
ordonnance subsequente Ie delai ainsi specifie, mais il ne peut rendre aucune ordonnance de decheance 
qui contrarie un traite, une convention, un accord ou un engagement avec un autre pays, auquel 
Ie Canada est partie; 
e) s'il est d'avis que les objets du present article et de l'article 65 seront plus efficacement realises 
en ne rendant aucune ordonnance aux termes des dispositions du present article, il peut rendre une 
ordonnance qui rejette la requete, et decider comme ill'estime juste toute question de frais 
66(2) Procedures en vue de prevenir la violation du brevet 
(2) Un porteur de licence aux termes de I'alinea (l)a) a Ie droit d'exiger du brevete qu'il intente des 
procedures en vue de prevenir la violation du brevet; si Ie brevete refuse ou neglige d'intenter des 
procedures dans un delai de deux mois apres en avoir ete ainsi requis, Ie porteur de licence peut, en 
son propre nom, comme s'il etait lui-meme Ie brevete, intenter une action en contrefac;:on et mettre 
Ie brevete en cause comme defendeur. Un brevete ainsi mis en cause comme defendeur n' encourt aucuns 
frais, a moins qu'il ne produise une comparution et ne prenne part a l'instance. 
66(3) Signification au brevete 
(3) La signification au brevete peut etre effectuee en laissant Ie bref a son adresse ou a celle de son 
representant pour fins de signification, telle qu' elIe est enregistree au Bureau des brevets 
66(4) Considerations pertinentes 
(4) En arretant les conditions d'une licence conformement a l'alinea (1)a), Ie commissaire s'efforce 
autant que possible : 
a) d'obtenir l'usage Ie plus repandu de I'invention au Canada, qui soit compatible avec Ie benefice 
raisonnable que Ie brevete tirera de ses droits de brevet, 
b) d'obtenir au brevete Ie benefice maximal qui soit compatible avec une exploitation, au Canada, 
raisonnablement remuneratrice de l'invention par Ie porteur de licence; 
c) d'assurer des avantages egaux aux divers porteurs de licences, pouvant, a cette fin et pour motifs 
valables demontres, reduire les redevances ou autres versements revenant au brevete en vertu de 
toute licence anterieurement accordee. 
L.R. (1985), ch. P-4, art. 66; L.R. (1985), ch 33 (3e suppl ), art. 24; 1993, ch. 44, art. 197. 
67. [Abroge, 1993, ch. 44, art. 198] 
68(1) Teneur des requetes 
68. (1) Toute requete presentee au commissaire en vertu de l'article 65 ou 66 . 
a) expose completement la nature de l'interet du demandeur, les faits sur 1esquels Ie demandeur 
fonde sa requete, ainsi que Ie recours qu'il recherche; 
b) est accompagnee de declarations solennelles attestant l'interet du demandeur, ainsi que les faits 
exposes dans la requete. IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 48 
68(2) Service 
(2) The Commissioner shall consider the matters alleged in the application and declarations referred 
to in subsection (1), and, if satisfied that the applicant has a bonafide interest and that a case for relief 
has been made, he shall direct the applicant to serve copies of the application and declarations on the 
patentee or his representative for service and on any other persons appearing from the records of the 
Patent Office to be interested in the patent, and the applicant shall advertise the application in the Canada 
Gazette and the Canadian Patent Office Record. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 70. 
69(1) Opposition and counter statement 
69. (1) If the patentee or any person is desirous of opposing the granting of any relief under sections 
65 to 70, he shall, within such time as may be prescribed or within such extended time as the 
Commissioner may on application further allow, deliver to the Commissioner a counter statement verified 
by a statutory declaration fully setting out the grounds on which the application is to be opposed 
69(2) Attendance for cross-examination 
(2) The Commissioner shall consider the counter statement and declaration referred to in subsection 
(1) and may thereupon dismiss the application if satisfied that the allegations in the application have 
been adequately answered, unless any of the parties demands a hearing or unless the Commissioner 
himself appoints a hearing, and in any case the Commissioner may require the attendance before him 
of any of the declarants to be cross-examined or further examined on matters relevant to the issues 
raised in the application and counter statement, and he may, subject to due precautions against disclosure 
of information to rivals in trade, require the production before him of books and documents relating 
to the matter in issue. 
69(3) Reference to Federal Court 
(3) In any case where the Commissioner does not dismiss an application as provided in subsection (2), 
and 
(a) if the parties interested consent, or 
(b) if the proceedings require any prolonged examination of documents or any scientific or local 
investigation that cannot in the opinion of the Commissioner conveniently be made before him, 
the Commissioner, with the approval in writing of the Minister, may order the whole proceedings or 
any issue of fact arising thereunder to be referred to the Federal Court, which has jurisdiction in the 
premises. 
69(4) Idem 
(4) Where the whole proceedings are referred under subsection (1), the judgment, decision or order 
of the Federal Court is final, and where a question or issue of fact is referred under that subsection, 
the Court shall report its findings to the Commissioner. 
R.S., c. P-4, s 71; R.S., c. 1O(2nd Supp.), s 64. 
70 Licence deemed to be by deed 
70. Any order for the grant of a licence under this Act, without prejudice to any other method of 
enforcement, operates as if it were embodied in a deed granting a licence executed by the patentee 
and all other necessary parties. 
R.S., c. P-4, s 72. 
71 Appeal to Federal Court 
71. All orders and decisions of the Commissioner under sections 65 to 70 are subject to appeal to the 
Federal Court, and on any such appeal the Attorney General of Canada or such counsel as he may 
appoint is entitled to appear and be heard. 
R S., c. P-4, s. 73; R.S., c. 1O(2nd Supp.), s 64. 
72. [Repealed, R S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 25] 
FORFEITURE AND RESTORA nON OF APPLICA nONS 
73(1) Forfeiture of applications 
73. (1) Where the prescribed fees stated to be payable in a notice of allowance of patent are not paid 
within six months from the date of the notice, the application for patent is thereupon forfeited. 68(2) Avis IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 49 
(2) Le commissaire prend en consideration les faits allegues dans la requete et dans les declarations, 
et, s'il est convaincu que Ie demandeur possede un interet legitime et que, de prime abord, la preuve 
a ete etablie pour obtenir un recours, il enjoint au demandeur de signifier des copies de la requete et 
des declarations au brevete ou a son representant aux fins de signification, ainsi qu'a toutes autres 
personnes qui, d'apres les registres du Bureau des brevets, sont interessees dans Ie brevet, et Ie 
demandeur annonce la requete dans la Gazette du Canada et dans la Gazette du Bureau des brevets. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 70. 
69(1) Opposition et contre-memoire 
69. (1) Si Ie brevete ou un tiers desire s'opposer a la concession d'un recours en vertu des articles 
65 a 70, il remet au commissaire, dans Ie delai prescrit ou dans Ie delai prolonge que celui-ci accorde 
sur petition, un contre-memoire atteste par une declaration solennelle et expos ant completement les 
motifs pour lesquels opposition sera faite a la requete. 
69(2) Comparution pour contre-interrogatoire 
(2) Le commissaire prend en consideration Ie contre-memoire et la declaration a I' appui, et il peut 
des lors rejeter la requete, s'il est convaincu qu'il a ete suffisamment repondu aux allegations de la 
requete, a moins que l'une des parties ne demande a etre entendue ou que Ie commissaire lui-meme 
ne fixe une audition En tout cas, Ie commissaire peut requerir la comparution devant lui de I'un des 
declarants pour etre contre-interroge ou examine de nouveau sur les matieres se rapportant aux points 
souleves dans la requete et dans Ie contre-memoire, et il peut, a condition de prendre les precautions 
voulues afin d'empecher la divulgation de renseignements a des concurrents commerciaux, exiger la 
production, devant lui, des livres et documents se rapportant a l'affaire en litige. 
69(3) Renvoi a la Cour federale 
(3) Lorsque Ie commissaire ne rejette pas une requete, ainsi qu'il est prevu au paragraphe (2), et si, 
selon Ie cas : 
a) les parties interessees y consentent, 
b) les procedures exigent un examen prolonge de documents, ou des recherches scientifiques ou 
locales qui, a son avis, ne peuvent convenablement avoir lieu devant lui, 
il peut, avec l'approbation par ecrit du ministre, ordonner que l'ensemble des procedures ou que toute 
question de fait en decoulant soit deferee a Ia Cour federaIe, laquelle a juridiction en I'espece 
69(4) Idem 
(4) Lorsque l'ensemble des procedures a ainsi ete defere, Ie jugement, la decision ou I'ordonnance 
du tribunal est definitive. Lorsqu'une question ou un point de fait a ainsi ete defere, Ie tribunal fait 
rapport de ses conclusions au commissaire. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 71; S.R., ch 10(2" suppl.), art. 64 
70 La licence consideree comme un acte 
70. Toute ordonnance rendue pour conceder une licence sous I'autorite de Ia presente Ioi a, sans prejudice 
de tout autre mode de contrainte, Ie meme effet que si elle etait incorporee dans un acte de concession 
d'une licence souscrit par Ie brevete et par les autres parties necessaires 
S R., ch. P-4, art. 72. 
71 Appel a la Cour federale 
71. Toutes les ordonnances et decisions rendues par Ie commissaire sous l'autorite des articles 65 a 
70 sont sujettes a appel ala Cour federale, et en tel cas, Ie procureur general du Canada ou un avocat 
qu'il peut designer a Ie droit de comparaitre et d'etre entendu 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 73, S.R., ch. 10(2" suppl.), art. 64. 
72. [Abroge, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3" suppl.), art. 25] 
DECHEANCE ET RETABLISSEMENT DES DEMANDES 
73(1) Decheance des demandes 
73. (1) Lorsque les taxes reglementaires declarees etre payables dans un avis d'acceptation de brevet 
ne sont pas acquittees dans un delai de six mois a compter de la date de l'avis, la demande de brevet 
est alors frappee de decheance. IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 50 
73(2) Restoration 
(2) A forfeited application may be restored and a patent granted thereon on application to the 
Commissioner within six months from the incurrence of the forfeiture, on payment with the application 
for restoration, in addition to the fees payable on the grant of the patent, of a further prescribed fee. 
73(3) Idem 
(3) A restored application is subject to amendment and re-examination. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 75. 
OFFENCES AND PUNISHMENT 
74. [Repealed, R S , 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s 26] 
75 Offences 
75. Every person who 
(a) withoutthe consent of the patentee, writes, paints, prints, moulds, casts, carves, engraves, stamps 
or otherwise marks on anything made or sold by him, and for the sole making or selling of which 
he is not the patentee, the name or any imitation of the name of any patentee for the sale making 
or selling of that thing, 
(b) withoutthe consent of the patentee, writes, paints, prints, moulds, casts, carves, engraves, stamps 
or otherwise marks on anything not purchased from the patentee, the words "Patent", "Letters Patent", 
"Queen's (or King's) Patent", "Patented" or any word or words of like import, with the intent of 
counterfeiting or imitating the stamp, mark or device of the patentee, or of deceiving the public 
and inducing them to believe that the thing in question was made or sold by or with the consent 
of the patentee, or 
(c) with intent to deceive the public offers for sale as patented in Canada any article not patented 
in Canada, 
is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars or to 
imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 78. 
76 False representations, false entries, etc. 
76. Every person who, in relation to the purposes of this Act and knowing it to be false, 
(a) makes any false representation, 
(b) makes or causes to be made any false entry in any register or book, 
(c) makes or causes to be made any false document or alters the form of a copy of any document, 
or 
(d) produces or tenders any document containing false information, 
is guilty of an indictable offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars 
or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 79. 
76.1(1) Offence respecting patented medicines 
76.1 (1) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 80,81, 82 or 88 or any order 
made thereunder is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable 
(a) in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment 
for a term not exceeding six months or to both; and 
(b) in the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars. 
76.1(2) Idem 
(2) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 84 or any order made under section 
83 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable 
(a) in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars or to 
imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both; and 
(b) in the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand dollars. 
76.1(3) Limitation period 
(3) Proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2) may be commenced within, but not later 
than, two years after the time when the subject-matter of the proceedings arose. 73(2) Retablissement IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 51 
(2) Une demande frappee de decheance peut etre retablie, et un brevet peut etre accorde en consequence 
sur requete adressee au commissaire dans un delai de six mois a compter du moment de la decheance, 
sur versement, lors de la demande de retablissement, outre les taxes exigibles a la concession du brevet, 
d'une taxe reglementaire additionnelle 
73(3) Idem 
(3) Une demande retablie est sujette a modification et a nouvel examen. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 75. 
INFRACTIONS ET PEINES 
74. [Abroge, L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 26] 
75 Infractions et peines 
75. Quiconque, selon Ie cas : 
a) sans Ie consentement du brevete, ecrit, peint, imprime, moule, coule, decoupe, grave, empreint 
ou d'autre maniere marque, sur un objet fabrique ou vendu par lui, et pour la fabrication ou la vente 
exclusive duquel il n'est pas Ie brevete, Ie nom ou une imitation du nom d'un brevete qui detient 
Ie droit exclusif de fabriquer ou de vendre cet objet; 
b) sans Ie consentement du brevete, ecrit, peint, imprime, moule, coule, decoupe, grave, empreint 
ou d' autre maniere marque, sur un objet qui n' a pas ete achete du brevete, les mots «Brevet», «Lettres 
patentes», «Patente de Ia Reine (ou du Roi»> , «Brevete», ou toute autre expression de meme 
signification, avec l'intention de contrefaire ou d'imiter la marque, l'estampille ou la devise du 
brevete, ou de tromper Ie public et de Ie porter a croire que l'objet en question a ete fabrique ou 
vendu par Ie brevete ou avec son consentement; 
c) expose en vente, comme brevete au Canada, un article qui n'a pas ete brevete au Canada, dans 
Ie dessein de tromper Ie public, 
commet un acte criminel et encourt une amende maximale de deux cents dollars et un emprisonnement 
maximal de trois mois, ou l'une de ces peines. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 78. 
76 Expose faux, fausses inscriptions, etc. 
76 Quiconque, relativement aux fins de Ia presente loi et en connaissance de cause, selon Ie cas: 
a) fait un expose faux; 
b) effectue ou fait effectuer une fausse inscription dans un registre ou livre, 
c) fait ou fait faire un faux document ou altere la forme d'une copie de document, 
d) produit ou presente un document renfermant des renseignements faux, 
commet un acte criminel et encourt, sur declaration de culpabilite, une amende maximale de cinq cents 
dollars et un emprisonnement maximal de six mois, ou l'une de ces peines. 
S.R , ch. P-4, art. 79. 
76.1(1) Infractions relatives aux medicaments brevetes 
76 1 (1) Quiconque contrevient aux articles 80,81,82 ou 88 ou a une ordonnance prise sous Ie regime 
de l'un ou l'autre de ces articles commet une infraction et encourt, sur declaration de culpabilite par 
procedure sommaire : 
a) une amende maximale de cinq mille dollars et un emprisonnement maximal de six mois, ou l'une 
de ces peines, s'il s'agit d'une personne physique; 
b) une amende maximale de vingt-cinq mille dollars, s'il s'agit d'une personne morale 
76.1(2) Idem 
(2) Quiconque contrevient a I 'article 84 oua uneordonnance prise sous Ie regime de I'article 83 commet 
une infraction et encourt, sur declaration de culpabilite par procedure sommaire : 
a) une amende maximale de vingt-cinq mille dollars et un emprisonnement maximal d'un an, ou 
l'une de ces peines, s'il s'agit d'une personne physique; 
b) une amende maximale de cent mille dollars, s'il s'agit d'une personne morale. 
76.1(3) Prescription 
(3) La poursuite d'une infraction visee aux paragraphes (1) ou (2) se prescrit par deux ans a compter 
de sa perpetration. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 52 
76.1(4) Continuing offence 
(4) Where an offence under subsection (1) or (2) is committed or continued on more than one day, 
the person who committed the offence is liable to be convicted for a separate offence for each day 
on which the offence is committed or continued 
1993, c. 2, s 6 
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS 
77 Validity of patents 
77. Every patent issued before, on or after August 1, 1935 shall be deemed to have been properly 
issued if all the conditions of the issue of a valid patent that may have been or shall be in force, either 
at the date of the application therefor or at the date of the issue thereof, have been satisfied, but any 
provisions in force from time to time relating to the continued validity of patents after issue apply to 
all patents whenever granted. 
R S., c. P-4, s 80 
78(1) Time limit deemed extended 
78 (1) Where any time limit or period of limitation specified under or pursuant to this Act expires 
on a day when the Patent Office is closed for business, that time limit or period of limitation shall 
be deemed to be extended to the next day when the Patent Office is open for business. 
78(2) When Patent Office closed for business 
(2) The Patent Office shall be closed for business on Saturdays and holidays and on such other days 
as the Minister by order declares that it shall be closed for business. 
78(3) Publication 
(3) Every order made by the Minister under subsection (2) shall be published in the Canadian Patent 
Office Record as soon as possible after it is made. 
R.S., c. P-4, s. 81. 
79(1) Definitions PATENTED MEDICINES 
Interpretation 
79. (1) In this section and in sections 80 to 103, 
79(1) "Board"« Conseil » 
"Board" means the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board continued by section 91; 
79(1) "Consumer Price Index" « indice des prix ala consommation » 
"Consumer Price Index" means the Consumer Price Index published by Statistics Canada under 
the authority of the Statistics Act; 
79(1) "Minister"« ministre » 
"Minister" means the Minister of National Health and Welfare or such other Member of the Queen's 
Privy Council for Canada as is designated by the Governor in Council as the Minister for the purposes 
of this section and sections 80 to 103; 
79(1) "patentee"« brevete » ou « titulaire d 'un brevet» 
"patentee", in respect of an invention pertaining to a medicine, means the person for the time being 
entitled to the benefit of the patent for that invention and includes, where any other person is entitled 
to exercise any rights in relation to that patent other than under a licence continued by subsection 
11(1) of the Patent Act Amendment Act, 1992, that other person in respect of those rights; 
79(1) "regulations"« reglement » 
"regulations" means regulations made under section 101. 
79(2) Invention pertaining to a medicine 
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) and sections 80 to 101, an invention pertains to a medicine if 
the invention is intended or capable of being used for medicine or for the preparation or production 
of medicine. 
1993, c. 2, s 7. 
Pricing Information 
80(1) Pricing infonnation, etc., required by regulations 
80. (1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in accordance 
with the regulations, provide the Board with such information and documents as the regulations may 
specify respecting 
(a) the identity of the medicine; 76.1(4) Infractions continues IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 53 
(4) II est compte une infraction distincte pour chacun des jours au cours desquels se commet ou se 
continue l'infraction visee aux paragraphes (1) ou (2). 
1993, ch. 2, art 6. 
DISPOSITIONS DNERSES 
77 Validite des brevets 
77. Tout brevet delivre avant ou apres Ie 1 er aout 1935, ou a cette date, est repute avoir ete regulierement 
delivre si toutes les conditions de la delivrance d'un brevet valide qui ont pu etre ou seront en vigueur, 
soit a la date de la demande du brevet, soit a la date de sa delivrance, ont ete remplies. Toutefois, 
les dispositions en vigueur concernant la validite continue de brevets apres leur delivrance s'appliquent a tous les brevets a quelque epoque qu'ils aient ete accordes. 
S.R., ch. P-4, art. 80. 
78(1) Le delai est repute proroge 
78. (1) Lorsqu'un delai specifie en vertu de la presente loi ou en conformite avec celle-ci expire un 
jour ou Ie Bureau des brevets est ferme au public, ce delai est repute proroge jusqu' au jour de reouverture 
du Bureau des brevets, inclusivement. 
78(2) Jours de fenneture du Bureau au public 
(2) Le Bureau des brevets est ferme au public Ie samedi et les jours feries ainsi que les autres jours 
ou la fermeture en est decidee par arrete du ministre. 
78(3) Publication 
(3) Chaque arrete pris par Ie ministre en vertu du paragraphe (2) est publie dans la Gazette du Bureau 
des brevets des que possible apres qu'il a ete pris. 
S.R , ch. P-4, art. 81 
79(1) Definitions MEDICAMENTS BREVETES 
Definitions 
79. (1) Les definitions qui suivent s'appliquent au present article et aux articles 80 a 103. 
« brevete » ou « titulaire d 'un brevet» ''patentee'' 
« brevete » ou « titulaire d'un brevet » La personne ayant pour Ie moment droit a l'avantage d'un 
brevet pour une invention liee a un medicament, ainsi que quiconque etait titulaire d'un brevet pour 
une telle invention ou exerce ou a exerce les droits d'un titulaire dans un cadre autre qu'une licence 
prorogee en vertu du paragraphe 11(1) de la Loi de 1992 modifiant la Loi sur les brevets. 
79(1) « Conseil » "Board" 
« Conseil » Le Conseil d'examen du prix des medicamt!nts brevetes proroge au titre de l'article 
91. 
79(1) « indice des prix ii la consommation » "Consumer Price 1ndex" 
« indice des prix ala consommation » Indice des prix a la consommation pub lie par Statistique Canada 
sous Ie regime de Ia Loi sur la statistique. 
79(1) « ministre» "Minister" 
« ministre » Le ministre de la Sante nationale et du Bien-etre social ou tel autre membre du Conseil 
prive de la Reine pour Ie Canada charge par Ie gouverneur en conseil de I' application du present 
article et des articles 80 a 103 
79(1) « reglement» "regulations" 
« reglement » Les reglements pris au titre de l'article 101. 
79(2) Definition de « invention liee ii un medicament» 
(2) Pour l'application du paragraphe (1) et des articles 80 aWl, une invention est liee a un medicament 
si elle est destinee a des medicaments ou a la preparation ou la production de medicaments, ou susceptible 
d'etre utili see a de telles fins. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
Renseignements sur les prix 
80(1) Renseignements reglementaires a fournir sur les prix 
80. (1) Le brevete est tenu de fournir au Conseil, conformement aux reglements, les renseignements 
et documents sur les points suivants : 
a) l'identification du medicament en cause, IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 54 
(b) the price at which the medicine is being or has been sold in any market in Canada and elsewhere; 
(c) the costs of making and marketing the medicine, where that information is available to the patentee 
in Canada or is within the knowledge or control of the patentee; 
(d) the factors referred to in section 85; and 
(e) any other related matters 
80(2) Idem 
(2) Subject to subsection (3), a person who is a former patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine 
shall, as required by and in accordance with the regulations, provide the Board with such information 
and documents as the regulations may specify respecting 
(a) the identity of the medicine, 
(b) the price at which the medicine was sold in any market in Canada and elsewhere during the 
period in which the person was a patentee of the invention; 
(c) the costs of making and marketing the medicine produced during that period, whether incurred 
before or after the patent was issued, where that information is available to the person in Canada 
or is within the knowledge or control of the person; 
(d) the factors referred to in section 85; and 
(e) any other related matters. 
80(3) Limitation 
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a person who has not been entitled to the benefit of the patent 
or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent for a period of three or more years. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
81(1) Pricing information, etc. required by Board 
81. (1) The Board may, by order, require a patentee or former patentee of an invention pertaining 
to a medicine to provide the Board with information and documents respecting 
(a) in the case of a patentee, any of the matters referred to in paragraphs 80(1)(a) to (e); 
(b) in the case of a former patentee, any of the matters referred to in paragraphs 80(2)(a) to (e); 
and 
(c) such other related matters as the Board may require. 
81(2) Compliance with order 
(2) A patentee or former patentee in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (1) shall comply 
with the order within such time as is specified in the order or as the Board may allow. 
81(3) Limitation 
(3) No order may be made under subsection (1) in respect of a former patentee who, more than three 
years before the day on which the order is proposed to be made, ceased to be entitled to the benefit 
of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
82(1) Notice of introductory price 
82. (1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine who intends to sell the medicine in a market 
in Canada in which it has not previously been sold shall, as soon as practicable after determining the 
date on which the medicine will be first offered for sale in that market, notify the Board of its intention 
and of that date. 
82(2) Pricing information and documents 
(2) Where the Board receives a notice under subsection (1) from a patentee or otherwise has reason 
to believe that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine intends to sell the medicine in a market 
in Canada in which the medicine has not previously been sold, the Board may, by order, require the 
patentee to provide the Board with information and documents respecting the price at which the medicine 
is intended to be sold in that market. 
82(3) Compliance with order 
(3) Subject to subsection (4), a patentee in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (2) 
shall comply with the order within such time as is specified in the order or as the Board may allow. 
82(4) Limitation 
(4) No patentee shall be required to comply with an order made under subsection (2) prior to the sixtieth 
day preceding the date on which the patentee intends to first offer the medicine for sale in the relevant 
market. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 55 
b) Ie prix de vente -anterieur ou actuel -du medicament sur les marches canadien et etranger; 
c) les couts de realisation et de mise en marche du medicament s'il dispose de ces derniers 
renseignements au Canada ou s'il en a connaissance ou Ie controle; 
d) les facteurs enumeres a I'article 85; 
e) tout autre point afferent precise par reglement. 
80(2) Idem 
(2) Sous reserve du paragraphe (3), l'ancien titulaire d'un brevet est tenu de fournir au Conseil, 
conformement aux reglements, les renseignements et les documents sur les points suivants : 
a) I'identification du medicament en cause; 
b) Ie prix de vente du medicament sur les marches canadien et etranger pendant la periode ou il 
etait titulaire du brevet; 
c) les couts de realisation et de mise en marche du medicament pendant cette periode, qu'ils aient 
ete assumes avant ou apres la delivrance du brevet, s'il dispose de ces derniers renseignements au 
Canada ou s'il en a connaissance ou Ie controle; 
d) les facteurs enumeres a I' article 85; 
e) tout autre point afferent precise par reglement. 
80(3) Prest:ription 
(3) Le paragraphe (2) ne vise pas celui qui, pendant une periode d'au moins trois ans, a cesse d'avoir 
droit a I'avantage du brevet ou d'exercer les droits du titulaire. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
81(1) Renseignements sur Ies prix exiges par Ie Conseil 
81 (1) Le Conseil peut, par ordonnance, enjoindre Ie brevete ou I'ancien titulaire du brevet de lui 
fournir les renseignements et les documents sur les points vises aux alineas 80(1)a) a e), dans Ie cas 
du brevete, ou, dans Ie cas de l'ancien brevete, aux alineas 80(2)a) a e) ainsi que sur tout autre point 
qu'il precise. 
81(2) Respect 
(2) L'ordonnance est a executer dans Ie delai precise ou que peut fixer Ie Conseil 
81(3) Prescription 
(3) II ne peut etre pris d'ordonnances en vertu du paragraphe (1) plus de trois ans apres qu'une personne 
ait cesse d'avoir droit aux avantages du brevet ou d'exercer les droits du titulaire. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
82(1) Avis du prix de Iancement 
82. (1) Tout brevete doit, des que possible apres avoir fixe la date a laquelle il compte mettre en vente 
sur un marche canadien un medicament qui n'y a jamais ete vendu, notifier Ie Conseil de son intention 
et de la date a laquelle il compte Ie faire. 
82(2) Renseignements sur Ies prix 
(2) Sur reception de I'avis vise au paragraphe (1) ou lorsqu'il a des motifs de croire qu'un brevete 
se propose de vendre sur un marche canadien un medicament qui n'y a jamais ete vendu, Ie Conseil 
peut, par ordonnance, demander au brevete de lui fournir les renseignements et les documents concernant 
Ie prix propose sur ce marche. 
82(3) Respect 
(3) Sous reserve du paragraphe (4), l'ordonnance est a executer dans Ie delai precise ou que peut fixer 
Ie Conseil. 
82(4) Prescription 
(4) Vne ordonnance prise en vertu du paragraphe (2) n'oblige pas Ie brevete avant Ie soixantieme jour 
de la date prevue pour la mise en vente du medicament sur Ie marche propose 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. IP/N/1/CAN/P/l 
Page 56 
83(1) Order re excessive prices Excessive Prices 
83. (1) Where the Board finds that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine is selling the 
medicine in any market in Canada at a price that, in the Board's opinion, is excessive, the Board may, 
by order, direct the patentee to cause the maximum price at which the patentee sells the medicine in 
that market to be reduced to such level as the Board considers not to be excessive and as is specified 
in the order. 
83(2) Idem 
(2) Subject to subsection (4), where the Board finds that a patentee of an invention pertaining to a 
medicine has, while a patentee, sold the medicine in any market in Canada at a price that, in the Board's 
opinion, was excessive, the Board may, by order, direct the patentee to do anyone or more of the 
following things as will, in the Board's opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues estimated 
by it to have been derived by the patentee from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price' 
(a) reduce the price at which the patentee sells the medicine in any market in Canada, to such extent 
and for such period as is specified in the order; 
(b) reduce the price at which the patentee sells one other medicine to which a patented invention 
of the patentee pertains in any market in Canada, to such extent and for such period as is specified 
in the order; or 
(c) pay to Her Majesty in right of Canada an amount specified in the order 
83(3) Idem 
(3) Subject to subsection (4), where the Board finds that a former patentee of an invention pertaining 
to a medicine had, while a patentee, sold the medicine in any market in Canada at a price that, in the 
Board's opinion, was excessive, the Board may, by order, direct the former patentee to do anyone 
or more of the following things as will, in the Board's opinion, offset the amount of the excess revenues 
estimated by it to have been derived by the former patentee from the sale of the medicine at an excessive 
price: 
(a) reduce the price at which the former patentee sells a medicine to which a patented invention 
of the former patentee pertains in any market in Canada, to such extent and for such period as is 
specified in the order; or 
(b) pay to Her Majesty in right of Canada an amount specified in the order. 
83(4) Where policy to sell at excessive price 
(4) Where the Board, having regard to the extent and duration of the sales of the medicine at an excessive 
price, is of the opinion that the patentee or former patentee has engaged in a policy of selling the 
medicine at an excessive price, the Board may, by order, in lieu of any order it may make under 
subsection (2) or (3), as the case may be, direct the patentee or former patentee to do anyone or more 
of the things referred to in that subsection as will, in the Board's opinion, offset not more than twice 
the amount of the excess revenues estimated by it to have been derived by the patentee or former patentee 
from the sale of the medicine at an excessive price. 
83(5) Excess revenues 
(5) In estimating the amount of excess revenues under subsection (2), (3) or (4), the Board shall not 
consider any revenues derived by a patentee or former patentee before December 20, 1991 or any 
revenues derived by a former patentee after the former patentee ceased to be entitled to the benefit 
of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent. 
83(6) Right to hearing 
(6) Before the Board makes an order under this section, it shall provide the patentee or former patentee 
with a reasonable opportunity to be heard. 
83(7) Limitation period 
(7) No order may be made under this section in respect of a former patentee who, more than three 
years before the day on which the proceedings in the matter commenced, ceased to be entitled to the 
benefit of the patent or to exercise any rights in relation to the patent. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1994, c. 26, s. 54(F). 
84(1) Compliance 
84. (1) A patentee or former patentee who is required by any order made under section 83 to reduce 
the price of a medicine shall commence compliance with the order within one month after the date 
of the order or within such greater period after that date as the Board determines is practical and 
reasonable, having regard to the circumstances of the patentee or former patentee. Prix excessifs 
83(1) Ordonnance relative aux prix excessifs IP/N/lICAN/P/l 
Page 57 
83. (1) Lorsqu'il estime que Ie brevete vend sur un marche canadien Ie medicament a un prix qu'il 
juge etre excess if, Ie Conseil peut, par ordonnance, lui enjoindre de baisser Ie prix de vente maximal 
du medicament dans ce marche au niveau precise dans l'ordonnance et de fa!;on qu'il ne puisse pas 
etre excessif. 
83(2) Idem 
(2) Sous reserve du paragraphe (4), lorsqu'il estime que Ie brevete a vendu, alors qu'il etait titulaire 
du brevet, Ie medicament sur un marche canadien a un prix qu'il juge avoir ete excessif, Ie Conseil 
peut, par ordonnance, lui enjoindre de prendre I 'une ou plusieurs des mesures suivantes pour compenser, 
selon lui, I'excedent qu'aurait procure au brevete Ia vente du medicament au prix excessif : 
a) baisser, dans un marche canadien, Ie prix de vente du medicament dans la mesure et pour la 
periode prevue par l' ordonnance; 
b) baisser, dans un marche canadien, Ie prix de vente de tout autre medicament lie a une invention 
brevetee du titulaire dans la mesure et pour la periode prevue par l'ordonnance; 
c) payer a Sa Majeste du chef du Canada Ie montant precise dans l'ordonnance. 
83(3) Idem 
(3) Sous reserve du paragraphe (4), lorsqu' il estime que l' ancien brevete a vendu, alors qu' il etait titulaire 
du brevet, Ie medicament a un prix qu'il juge avoir ete excessif, Ie Conseil peut, par ordonnance, lui 
enjoindre de prendre l'une ou plusieurs des mesures suivantes pour compenser, selon lui, l'excedent 
qu' aurait procure a I' ancien brevete la vente du medicament au prix excess if . 
a) baisser, dans un marche canadien, Ie prix de vente de tout autre medicament lie a une invention 
dont il est titulaire du brevet dans la mesure et pour la peri ode prevue par I' ordonnance; 
b) payer a Sa Majeste du chef du Canada Ie montant precise dans l'ordonnance. 
83(4) Cas de politique de vente a prix excessif 
(4) S'il estime que Ie brevete ou l'ancien brevete s'est livre a une politique de vente du medicament a un prix excessif, compte tenu de l'envergure et de la duree des ventes a un tel prix, Ie Conseil peut, 
par ordonnance, au lieu de celles qu'il peut prendre en application, selon Ie cas, des paragraphes (2) 
ou (3), lui enjoindre de prendre l'une ou plusieurs des mesures vi sees par ce paragraphe de fa90n a 
reduire suffisamment les recettes pour compenser, selon lui, au plus Ie double de l'excedent procure 
par la vente au prix excessif. 
83(5) Excedent 
(5) Aux fins des paragraphes (2), (3) ou (4), il n'est pas tenu compte, dans Ie calcul de l'excedent, 
des recettes anterieures au 20 decembre 1991 ni, dans Ie cas de I'ancien brevete, des recettes faites 
apres qu'il a cesse d'avoir droit aux avantages du brevet ou d'exercer les droits du titulaire. 
83(6) Droit a l'audition 
(6) Avant de prendre une ordonnance en vertu du present article, Ie Conseil doit donner au brevete 
ou a I' ancien brevete la possibilite de presenter ses observations. 
83(7) Prescription 
(7) Le present article ne permet pas de prendre une ordonnance a l'encontre des anciens brevetes qui, 
plus de trois ans avant Ie debut des procedures, ont cesse d'avoir droit aux avantages du brevet ou 
d'exercer les droits du titulaire. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7; 1994, ch. 26, art. 54(F) 
84(1) Execution 
84. (1) Le brevete ou l'ancien brevete est tenu de commencer I 'execution de l'ordonnance de reduction 
des prix dans Ie mois suivant sa prise ou dans Ie delai superieur que le Conseil estime pratique et 
raisonnable compte tenu de sa situation. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 58 
84(2) Idem 
(2) A patentee or former patentee who is directed by any order made under section 83 to pay an amount 
to Her Majesty shall pay that amount within one month after the date of the order or within such greater 
period after that date as the Board determines is practical and reasonable, having regard to the 
circumstances of the patentee or former patentee. 
84(3) Debt due to Her Majesty 
(3) An amount payable by a patentee or former patentee to Her Majesty under any order made under 
section 83 constitutes a debt due to Her Majesty and may be recovered in any court of competent 
jurisdiction. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
85(1) Factors to be considered 
85. (1) In determining under section 83 whether a medicine is being or has been sold at an excessive 
price in any market in Canada, the Board shall take into consideration the following factors, to the 
extent that information on the factors is available to the Board. 
(a) the prices at which the medicine has been sold in the relevant market; 
(b) the prices at which other medicines in the same therapeutic class have been sold in the relevant 
market; 
(c) the prices at which the medicine and other medicines in the same therapeutic class have been 
sold in countries other than Canada, 
(d) changes in the Consumer Price Index; and 
(e) such other factors as may be specified in any regulations made for the purposes of this subsection 
85(2) Additional factors 
(2) Where, after taking into consideration the factors referred to in subsection (1), the Board is unable 
to determine whether the medicine is being or has been sold in any market in Canada at an excessive 
price, the Board may take into consideration the following factors: 
(a) the costs of making and marketing the medicine, and 
(b) such other factors as may be specified in any regulations made for the purposes of this subsection 
or as are, in the opinion of the Board, relevant in the circumstances 
85(3) Research costs 
(3) In determining under section 83 whether a medicine is being or has been sold in any market in 
Canada at an excessive price, the Board shall not take into consideration research costs other than the 
Canadian portion of the world costs related to the research that led to the invention pertaining to that 
medicine or to the development and commercialization of that invention, calculated in proportion to 
the ratio of sales by the patentee in Canada of that medicine to total world sales. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
86(1) Hearings to be public 
86. (l) A hearing under section 83 shall be held in public unless the Board is satisfied on representations 
made by the person to whom the hearing relates that specific, direct and substantial harm would be 
caused to the person by the disclosure of information or documents at a public hearing, in which case 
the hearing or any part thereof may, at the discretion of the Board, be held in private. 
86(2) Notice of hearing to certain persons 
(2) The Board shall give notice to the Minister of Industry or such other Minister as may be designated 
by the regulations and to provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health of any hearing under 
section 83, and each of them is entitled to appear and make representations to the Board with respect 
to the matter being heard. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7; 1995, c. 1, s. 62. 
87(1) Information, etc., privileged 
87. (1) Subject to subsection (2), any information or document provided to the Board under section 
80, 81 or 82 or in any proceeding under section 83 is privileged, and no person who has obtained the 
information or document pursuant to this Act shall, without the authorization of the person who provided 
the information or document, knowingly disclose the information or document or allow it to be disclosed 
unless it has been disclosed at a public hearing under section 83. 84(2) Idem IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 59 
(2) Le brevete ou l'ancien brevete est tenu d'executer I'ordonnance de paiement a Sa Majeste dans 
Ie mois suivant sa prise ou dans Ie delai superieur que Ie Conseil estime pratique et raisonnable, compte 
tenu de sa situation. 
84(3) Recouvrement des creances 
(3) Les sommes payables en application d'une ordonnance prise en vertu du present article constituent 
des creances de Sa Majeste, dont Ie recouvrement peut etre poursuivi a ce titre devant toute juridiction 
competente. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
85(1) Facteurs de fixation du prix 
85. (1) Pour decider si Ie prix d'un medicament vendu sur un marche canadien est excess if, Ie Conseil 
tient compte des facteurs suivants, dans la mesure ou des renseignements sur ces facteurs lui sont 
disponibles : 
a) Ie prix de vente du medicament sur un tel marche; 
b) Ie prix de vente de medicaments de la meme categorie therapeutique sur un tel marche, 
c) Ie prix de vente du medicament et d'autres medicaments de la meme categorie therapeutique a 
I'etranger; 
d) les variations de I'indice des prix a la consommation; 
e) tous les autres facteurs precises par les reglements d'application du present paragraphe. 
85(2) Facteurs complementaires 
(2) Si, apres avoir tenu compte de ces facteurs, il est incapable de decider si Ie prix d'un medicament 
vendu sur un marche canadien est excessif, Ie Conseil peut tenir compte des facteurs suivants . 
a) les couts de realisation et de mise en marche, 
b) tous les autres facteurs precises par les reglements d'application du present paragraphe ou qu'il 
estime pertinents. 
85(3) Couts de recherche 
(3) Pour l'application de l'article 83, Ie Conseil ne tient compte, dans les couts de recherche, que 
de la part canadienne des couts mondiaux directement liee a la recherche qui a abouti soit a I'invention 
du medicament, soit a sa mise au point et a sa mise en marche, calculee proportionnellement au rapport 
entre les ventes canadiennes du medicament par Ie brevete et Ie total des ventes mondiales. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
86(1) Audiences publiques 
86. (1) Les audiences tenues dans Ie cadre de I'article 83 sont publiques, saufsi Ie Conseil est convaincu, a la suite d'observations faites par l'interesse, que la divulgation des renseignements ou documents 
en cause causerait directement a celui-ci un prejudice reel et serieux; Ie cas echeant, I'audience peut, 
selon ce que decide Ie Conseil, se tenir a huis clos en tout ou en partie 
86(2) Avis 
(2) Le Conseil avise Ie ministre de l'Industrie, ou tout autre ministre designe par reglement, et les 
ministres provinciaux responsables de la sante de toute audience tenue aux termes de I' article 83 et 
leur donne la possibilite de presenter leurs observations. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7; 1995, ch. 1, art. 62. 
87(1) Protection des renseignements 
87. (1) Sous reserve du paragraphe (2), les renseignements ou documents fournis au Conseil en 
application des articles 80, 81, 82 ou 83 sont proteges; nul ne peut, apres les avoir obtenus en conformite 
avec la presente loi, sciemment les communiquer ou en permettre la communication sans I'autorisation 
de la personne qui les a fournis, sauf s'ils ont ete divulgues dans Ie cadre d'une audience publique 
tenue en vertu de I'article 83. IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 60 
87(2) Disclosure, etc. 
(2) Any information or document referred to in subsection (1) 
(a) may be disclosed by the Board to any person engaged in the administration of this Act under 
the direction of the Board, to the Minister of Industry or such other Minister as may be designated 
by the regulations and to the provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health and their 
officials for use only for the purpose of making representations referred to in subsection 86(2), 
and 
(b) may be used by the Board for the purpose of the report referred to in section 100. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7, 1995, c. 1, s. 62 
Sales and Expense Information 
88(1) Sales and expense infonnation, etc., to be provided 
88. (1) A patentee of an invention pertaining to a medicine shall, as required by and in accordance 
with the regulations, or as the Board may, by order, require, provide the Board with such information 
and documents as the regulations or the order may specify respecting 
(a) the identity of the licensees in Canada of the patentee; 
(b) the revenue of the patentee, and details of the source of the revenue, whether direct or indirect, 
from sales of medicine in Canada, and 
(c) the expenditures made by the patentee in Canada on research and development relating to 
medicine 
88(2) Additional infonnation, etc. 
(2) Where the Board believes on reasonable grounds that any person has information or documents 
pertaining to the value of sales of medicine in Canada by a patentee or the expenditures made by a 
patentee in Canada on research and development relating to medicine, the Board may, by order, require 
the person to provide the Board with any of the information or documents that are specified in the 
order, or with copies thereof 
88(3) Compliance with order 
(3) A person in respect of whom an order is made under subsection (1) or (2) shall comply with the 
order within such time as is specified in the order or as the Board may allow 
88(4) Infonnation, etc., privileged 
(4) Subject to section 89, any information or document provided to the Board under subsection (1) 
or (2) is privileged, and no person who has obtained the information or document pursuant to this Act 
shall, without the authorization of the person who provided the information or document, knowingly 
disclose the information or allow it to be disclosed, except for the purposes of the administration of 
this Act 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
89(1) Report 
89. (1) The Board shall in each year submit to the Minister a report setting out 
(a) the Board's estimate of the proportion, as a percentage, that the expenditures of each patentee 
in Canada in the preceding year on research and development relating to medicine is of the revenues 
of those patentees from sales of medicine in Canada in that year; and 
(b) the Board's estimate of the proportion, as a percentage, that the total of the expenditures of 
patentees in Canada in the preceding year on research and development relating to medicine is of 
the total of the revenues of those patentees from sales of medicine in Canada in that year. 
89(2) Basis of report 
(2) The report shall be based on an analysis of information and documents provided to the Board under 
subsections 88(1) and (2) and of such other information and documents relating to the revenues and 
expenditures referred to in subsection 88(1) as the Board considers relevant but, subject to subsection 
(3), shall not be set out in a manner that would make it possible to identify a person who provided 
any information or document under subsection 88(1) or (2). 
89(3) Exception 
(3) The Board shall, in the report, identify the patentees in respect of whom an estimate referred to 
in subsection (1) is given in the report, and may, in the report, identify any person who has failed 
to comply with subsection 88(1) or (2) at any time in the year in respect of which the report is made 87(2) Communication IP/NIlICANlP1 1 
Page 61 
(2) Le Conseil peut communiquer les renseignements ou documents qui lui sont confies a quiconque 
est charge, sous sa responsabilite, de I' application de la presente loi, ainsi qu' au ministre de l'Industrie, 
ou tout autre ministre designe par reglement, ou a un ministre provincial responsable de la sante, ou a tel de leurs fonctionnaires, a seule fin de leur permettre de presenter leurs observations au titre du 
paragraphe 86(2); il peut aussi s'en servir pour etablir Ie rapport vise a l'article 100. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7; 1995, ch. 1, art. 62. 
Renseignements sur les recettes et depenses 
88(1) Obligations des brevetes 
88. (1) Le brevete est tenu, conformement aux reglements ou aux ordonnances du Conseil, de fournir a celui-ci des renseignements et documents sur les points suivants : 
a) l'identite des titulaires des licences decoulant du brevet au Canada; 
b) les recettes directes ou indirectes qu'il a tirees de la vente au Canada du medicament, ainsi que 
la source de ces recettes; 
c) les depenses de recherche et developpement faites au Canada relativement au medicament. 
88(2) Renseignements compll~mentaires 
(2) S'il estime pour des motifs raisonnables qu'une personne a des renseignements ou documents sur 
Ie montant des ventes au Canada de tout medicament ou sur les depenses de recherche et developpement 
supportees a cet egard au Canada par un titulaire de brevet, Ie Conseil peut, par ordonnance, l'obliger a les lui fournir -ou une copie de ceux-ci -selon ce que precise l'ordonnance. 
88(3) Dclai 
(3) L'ordonnance est a executer dans Ie delai precise ou que peut fixer Ie Conseil. 
88(4) Protection des renseignements 
(4) Sous reserve de l'artic1e 89, les renseignements ou documents fournis au Conseil sont proteges; 
nul ne peut, apres les avoir obtenus en conformite avec la presente loi, sciemment les communiquer 
ou en permettre la communication sans I' autorisation de celui qui les a fournis, sauf quant a I' application 
de la presente loi. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
89(1) Rapport 
89 (1) Le Conseil remet au ministre un rapport annuel exposant son estimation de la proportion, 
exprimee en pourcentage, que les depenses de recherche et developpement en matiere de medicaments, 
faites au Canada dans I' annee precedente, representent par rapport aux recettes tirees de la vente au 
Canada de medicaments pendant la meme periode, et ce tant pour chaque brevete que pour I' ensemble 
des brevetes. 
89(2) Fondement du rapport 
(2) Le rapport se fonde sur I 'analyse des renseignements et documents obtenus au titre des paragraphes 
88(1) ou (2) et des renseignements ou documents -que Ie Conseil juge pertinents -sur les recettes 
et depenses mentionnees au paragraphe 88(1), par ailleurs, il est etabli de maniere a ne pas permettre 
de connaitre I' identite de la personne qui a fourni ces renseignements ou documents vises aux paragraphes 
88(1) ou (2) 
89(3) Exception 
(3) Dans son rapport, Ie Conseil identifie toutefois les brevetes pour lesquels une estimation est donnee; 
il peut aussi identifier les contrevenants aux paragraphes 88(1) ou (2) pour l'annee en cause. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 62 
89(4) Tabling of report 
(4) The Minister shall cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of Parliament on any 
of the first thirty days on which that House is sitting after the report is submitted to the Minister. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
Inquiries 
90 Inquiries 
90. The Board shall inquire into any matter that the Minister refers to the Board for inquiry and shall 
report to the Minister at the time and in accordance with the terms of reference established by the 
Minister. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
Patented Medicine Prices Review Board 
91(1) Establishment 
91. (1) The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board is hereby continued, and shall consist of not more 
than five members to be appointed by the Governor in Council. 
91(2) Tenure 
(2) Each member of the Board shall hold office during good behaviour for a period of five years, but 
may be removed at any time by the Governor in Council for cause. 
91(3) Reappointment 
(3) A member of the Board, on the expiration of a first term of office, is eligible to be reappointed 
for one further term. 
91(4) Acting after expiration of appointment 
(4) A person may continue to act as a member of the Board after the expiration of the person's term 
of appointment in respect of any matter in which the person became engaged during the term of 
appointment. 
91(5) Remuneration and expenses 
(5) The members of the Board shall be paid such remuneration as may be fixed by the Governor in 
Council and are entitled to be paid reasonable travel and living expenses incurred by them in the course 
of their duties under this Act while absent from their ordinary place of residence. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
92(1) Advisory panel 
92. (1) The Minister may establish an advisory panel to advise the Minister on the appointment of 
persons to the Board, which panel shall include representatives of the provincial ministers of the Crown 
responsible for health, representatives of consumer groups, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry 
and such other persons as the Minister considers appropriate to appoint. 
92(2) Consultation 
(2) The Minister shall consult with an advisory panel established under subsection (1) for the purpose 
of making a recommendation to the Governor in Council with respect to the appointment of a person 
to the Board. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
93(1) Chairperson and Vice-chairperson 
93. (1) The Governor in Council shall designate one of the members of the Board to be Chairperson 
of the Board and one of the members to be Vice-chairperson of the Board. 
93(2) Duties of Chairperson 
(2) The Chairperson is the chief executive officer of the Board and has supervision over and direction 
of the work of the Board, including 
(a) the apportionment of the work among the members thereof and the assignment of members to 
deal with matters before the Board and to sit at hearings of the Board and to preside at hearings 
or other proceedings; and 
(b) generally, the conduct of the work of the Board, the management of its internal affairs and the 
duties of its staff. 
93(3) Duties of Vice-chairperson 
(3) If the Chairperson is absent or incapacitated or if the office of Chairperson is vacant, the 
Vice-chairperson has all the powers and functions of the Chairperson during the absence, incapacity 
or vacancy. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 89(4) DepOt au Parlement IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 63 
(4) Le ministre fait deposer Ie rapport devant chaque chambre du Parlement dans les trente premiers 
jours de seance de celle-ci suivant sa remise. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
Enqueres 
90 Enquetes 
90. Le Conseil fait enquete sur toute question que lui delere Ie ministre et lui fait rapport dans Ie delai 
prescrit et dans Ie cadre strict du mandat dont il est investi par Ie ministre. 
1993, ch. 2, art 7. 
Conseil d' examen du prix des medicaments brevetes 
91(1) Constitution 
91. (1) Le Conseil d'examen du prix des medicaments brevetes est proroge; il se compose d'au plus 
cinq conseillers nommes par Ie gouverneur en conseil. 
91(2) Mandat 
(2) Les conseillers sont nommes a titre inamovible pour un mandat de cinq ans, sous reserve de 
revocation motivee que prononce le gouverneur en conseil. 
91(3) Nouv.eau mandat 
(3) Les mandats des conseillers sont renouvelables une seule fois. 
91(4) Prolongation 
(4) Le conseiller dont Ie mandat est echu peut terminer les affaires dont il est saisi. 
91(5) Remuneration 
(5) Les conseillers rec;oivent la remuneration fixee par Ie gouverneur en conseil et ont droit aux frais 
de deplacement et autres entraines par I' accomplissement de leurs fonctions hors du lieu de leur residence 
habituelle. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
92(1) Comite consultatif 
92. (1) Le ministre peut constituer un comite consultatif charge de Ie conseiller sur la nomination des 
conseillers au Conseil Le comite est forme de representants des ministres provinciaux responsables 
de la sante, de representants des groupes de consommateurs, de representants de l'industrie 
pharmaceutique et de toute autre personne que Ie ministre estime indique d'y nommer. 
92(2) Consultation 
(2) Le ministre doit consulter Ie comite avant de faire ses recommandations au gouverneur en conseil 
sur la nomination d'un conseiller au Conseil. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7 
93(1) President et vice-president 
93. (1) Le gouverneur en conseil designe, parmi les conseillers, un president et un vice-president. 
93(2) Attributions du president 
(2) Le president est Ie premier dirigeant du Conseil et, a ce titre, il en assure la direction 11 est 
notamment charge de la repartition des affaires entre les conseillers, de la constitution et de la presidence 
des audiences et des autres procedures, ainsi que de la conduite des travaux du Conseil et de la gestion 
de son personnel. 
93(3) Attributions du vice-president 
(3) En cas d'absence ou d'empechement du president, ou de vacance de son poste, la presidence est 
assumee par Ie vice-president 
1993, ch. 2, art 7 IP/N/lICAN/P/l 
Page 64 
94(1) Staff 
94. (1) Such officers and employees as are necessary for the proper conduct of the work of the Board 
shall be appointed in accordance with the Public Service Employment Act. 
94(2) Idem 
(2) Persons appointed under subsection (1) shall be deemed to be employed in the Public Service for 
the purposes of the Public Service Superannuation Act. 
94(3) Technical assistance 
(3) The Board may engage on a temporary basis the services of persons having technical or specialized 
knowledge to advise and assist in the performance of its duties and, with the approval of the Treasury 
Board, the Board may fix and pay the remuneration and expenses of those persons. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
95(1) Principal office 
95. (1) The principal office of the Board shall be in the National Capital Region described in the schedule 
to the National Capital Act. 
95(2) Meetings 
(2) The Board may meet at such times and places in Canada as the Chairperson deems advisable. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
96(1) General powers, etc. 
96. (1) The Board has, with respect to the attendance, swearing and examination of witnesses, the 
production and inspection of documents, the enforcement of its orders and other matters necessary 
or proper for the due exercise of its jurisdiction, all such powers, rights and privileges as are vested 
in a superior court. 
96(2) Rules 
(2) The Board may, with the approval of the Governor in Council, make general rules 
(a) specifying the number of members of the Board that constitutes a quorum in respect of any matter; 
and 
(b) for regulating the practice and procedure of the Board. 
96(3) By-laws 
(3) The Board may make by-laws for carrying out the work of the Board, the management of its internal 
affairs and the duties of its staff. 
96(4) Guidelines 
(4) Subject to subsection (5), the Board may issue guidelines with respect to any matter within its 
jurisdiction but such guidelines are not binding on the Board or any patentee. 
96(5) Consultation 
(5) Before the Board issues any guidelines, it shall consult with the Minister, the provincial ministers 
of the Crown responsible for health and such representatives of consumer groups and reptesentatives 
of the pharmaceutical industry as the Minister may designate for the purpose. 
96(6) Non-application of Statutory Instruments Act 
(6) The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to guidelines issued under subsection (4). 
1993, c. 2, s. 7 
97(1) Proceedings 
97. (1) All proceedings before the Board shall be dealt with as informally and expeditiously as the 
circumstances and considerations of fairness permit. 
97(2) Differences of opinion among members 
(2) In any proceedings before the Board, 
(a) in the event of a difference of opinion among the members determining any question, the opinion 
of the majority shall prevail, and 
(b) in the event of an equally divided opinion among the members determining any question, the 
presiding member may determine the question. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 94(1) Personnel IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 65 
94. (1) Le personnel necessaire a l'exercice des activites du Conseil est nomme conformement a la 
Loi sur I' emploi dans la jonction publique. 
94(2) Idem 
(2) Ce personnel est repute faire partie de la fonction publique pour l' application de laLoi sur la pension 
de la /onction publique. 
94(3) Experts 
(3) Le Conseil peut, a titre temporaire, retenir les services d'experts pour l'assister dans l'exercice 
de ses fonctions et, avec l'agrement du Conseil du Tresor, fixer et payer leur remuneration et leurs 
frais. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
95(1) Siege 
95. (1) Le siege du Conseil est fixe dans la region de la capitale nationale definie ai' annexe de la Loi 
sur la capitale nationale. 
95(2) Reunions 
(2) Le Conseil tient ses reunions au Canada aux dates, heures et lieux choisis par Ie president selon 
les besoins. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
96(1) Attributions generales du Conseil 
96. (1) Pour l'exercice de sa competence, y compris l'assignation et l'interrogatoire des temoins, la 
prestation des serments, la productiond' elements de preuve et l' execution de ses ordonnances, Ie Conseil 
est assimile a une cour superieure. 
96(2) Regles 
(2) Le Conseil peut, avec l'agrement du gouverneur en conseil, etablir des regles regissant Ie quorum 
et les pratiques et procedures a suivre dans l'exercice de son activite. 
96(3) Reglement administratif 
(3) Le Conseil peut, par reglement administratif, regir ses travaux, la gestion de ses affaires et les 
fonctions de son personnel. 
96(4) Directives 
(4) Sous reserve du paragraphe (5), Ie Conseil peut formuler des directives -sans que lui ou les brevetes 
ne soient lies par celles-ci -sur toutes questions relevant de sa competence. 
96(5) Consultation 
(5) Avant de formuler des directives, Ie Conseil doit consulter Ie ministre, les ministres provinciaux 
responsables de la sante et les representants des groupes de consommateurs et de l'industrie 
pharmaceutique que Ie ministre peut designer a cette fin. 
96(6) Non-application de la Loi sur les textes reglementaires 
(6) La Loi sur les textes reglementaires ne s'applique pas a ces directives. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
97(1) Procedures 
97. (1) Dans la mesure ou les circonstances et requite Ie permettent, Ie Conseil agit sans formalisme, 
en procedure expeditive. 
97(2) Decisions 
(2) Les decisions sont prises a la majorite des conseillers, celui qui preside a l'audience disposant d'une 
voix preponderante en cas de partage. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 66 
98(1) Orders 
98. (1) The Board may, in any order, direct 
(a) that the order or any portion thereof shall come into force at a future time, on the happening 
of a contingency, event or condition specified in the order or on the performance to the satisfaction 
of the Board, or a person named by it, of any terms specified in the order; and 
(b) that the whole or any portion of the order shall have effect for a limited time or until the 
happening of a specified event. 
98(2) Interim orders, etc. 
(2) The Board may make interim orders or reserve further directions for an adjourned hearing of a 
matter. 
98(3) Rescission and variation 
(3) The Board may vary or rescind any order made by it and may re-hear any matter. 
98(4) Certificates 
(4) Where any person satisfies the Board that the Board would not have sufficient grounds to make 
an order under section 83 in respect of the person, the Board may, after the person pays any fees required 
to be paid by the regulations, issue to the person a certificate to that effect, but no certificate is binding 
on the Board 
1993, c 2, s 7. 
99(1) Enforcement of orders 
99. (1) Any order of the Board may be made an order of the Federal Court or any superior court of 
a province and is enforceable in the same manner as an order of the court. 
99(2) Procedure 
(2) To make an order of the Board an order of a court, the usual practice and procedure of the court 
in such matters may be followed or, in lieu thereof, the Board may file with the registrar of the court 
a certified copy of the Board's order, and thereupon the order becomes an order of the court 
99(3) Effect of variation or rescission 
(3) Where an order of the Board that has been made an order of a court is varied or rescinded by a 
subsequent order of the Board, the subsequent order of the Board shall be made an order of the court 
in the manner described in subsection (1), and the order of the court shall be deemed to have been 
varied or rescinded accordingly. 
99(4) Option to enforce 
(4) Nothing in this section prevents the Board from exercising any of its powers under this Act. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
100(1) Report of Board 
100. (1) The Board shall in each year submit to the Minister a report on its activities during the preceding 
year. 
100(2) Idem 
(2) The report shall contain 
(a) a summary of pricing trends in the pharmaceutical industry; and 
(b) the name of each patentee in respect of whom an order was made under subsection 80(2) during 
the year and a statement as to the status of the matter in respect of which the order was made. 
100(3) Report summary 
(3) The summary referred to in paragraph (2)(a) may be based on information and documents provided 
to the Board by any patentee under section 80, 81 or 82 or in any proceeding under section 83, but 
shall not be set out in a manner that would make it possible to identify that patentee. 
100(4) Tabling of report 
(4) The Minister shall cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of Parliament on any 
of the first thirty days on which that House is sitting after the report is submitted to the Minister. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
Regulations 
101(1) Regulations 
101. (1) Subject to subsection (2), the Governor in Council may make regulations 
(a) specifying the information and documents that shall be provided to the Board under subsection 
80(1) or (2) or 88(1); 98(1) Entree en vigueur des ordonnances IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 67 
98. (1) Le Conseil peut, dans ses ordonnances, fixer une date pour leur entree en vigueur, en tout ou 
en partie, ou subordonner celle-ci a la survenance d'un evenement, a la realisation d'une condition 
ou a la bonne execution, appreciee par lui-meme ou son delegue, d'obligations imposees par 
l'ordonnance; il peut en outre y fixer une date pour leur cessation d'effet, en tout ou en partie, ou 
subordonner celle-ci a la survenance d'un evenement precis. 
98(2) Ordonnances provisoires 
(2) Le Conseil peut prendre une ordonnance provisoire et se reserver Ie droit de completer sa decision 
lors d'une audience ulterieure. 
98(3) Modification des ordonnances 
(3) Le Conseil peut annuler ou modifier ses ordonnances, et peut entendre une question de nouveau. 
98(4) Certificat 
(4) Lorsqu 'il est convaincu par quiconque qu' il n' aura pas de motifs suffisants pour prendre I' ordonnance 
prevue a l'article 83, Ie Conseil peut, a la suite du paiement des droits reglementaires, delivrer a 
l'interesse un certificat en ce sens, sans toutefois etre lie par celui-ci 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
99(1) Assimilation 
99. (1) Les ordonnances du Conseil peuvent etre assimilees a des ordonnances de la Cour federale 
ou d'une cour superieure; Ie cas echeant, leur execution s'effectue selon les memes modalites. 
99(2) Procedure 
(2) L'assimilation se fait selonla pratique et laprocedure suivies par Ie tribunal saisi ou par la production 
au greffe du tribunal d'une copie certifiee conforme de l'ordonnance. L'ordonnance est des lors une 
ordonnance de la cour. 
99(3) Modification ou annulation 
(3) Les ordonnances du Conseil qui modifient ou annulent des ordonnances deja assimilees doivent, 
selon les memes modalites, faire l'objet d'une assimilation; I 'ordonnance est alors reputee les modifier 
ou les annuler, selon Ie cas. 
99(4) Faculte d'execution 
(4) Le present article n'a pas pour effet de limiter l'exercice par Ie Conseil des competences conferees 
par la presente 10L 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
100(1) Rapport 
100. (1) Le Conseil remet au ministre un rapport d'activite pour l'annee precedente 
100(2) Idem 
(2) Ce rapport comporte, outre un resume des tendances des prix dans Ie secteur pharmaceutique. Ie 
nom de tous les brevetes ayant fait I' objet d'une ordonnance dans Ie cadre du paragraphe 80(2) etl' expose 
de la situation dans chacun de ces cas. 
100(3) Resume 
(3) Le resume peut se fonder sur les renseignements ou documents confies au Conseil en application 
des articles 80, 81, 82 ou 83, mais sans permettre l'identification du brevete. 
100(4) DepOt du rapport 
(4) Le ministre fait deposer Ie rapport devant chaque chambre du Parlement dans les trente premiers 
jours de seance de celle-ci suivant sa remise. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
Reglements 
101(1) Reglements 
101. (1) Sous reserve du paragraphe (2), Ie gouverneur en conseil peut, par reglement : 
a) preciser les renseignements et les documents a fournir au Conseil en application des paragraphes 
80(1) ou (2) ou 88(1); IP/N/lICAN/P/l 
Page 68 
(b) respecting the form and manner in which and times at which such information and documents 
shall be provided to the Board and imposing conditions respecting the provision of such information 
and documents; 
(c) specifying a period for the purposes of subsection 80(2); 
(d) specifying factors for the purposes of subsection 85(1) or (2), including factors relating to the 
introductory price of any medicine to which a patented invention pertains; 
(e) designating a Minister for the purposes of subsection 86(2) or paragraph 87(2)(a), 
if) defining, for the purposes of sections 88 and 89, the expression "research and development"; 
(g) requiring fees to be paid before the issue of any certificate referred to in subsection 98(4) and 
specifying those fees or the manner of determining those fees; 
(h) requiring or authorizing the Board to perform such duties, in addition to those provided for 
in this Act, as are specified in the regulations, including duties to be performed by the Board in 
relation to the introductory price of any medicine to which a patented invention pertains, and 
(i) conferring on the Board such powers, in addition to those provided for in this Act, as will, in 
the opinion of the Governor in Council, enable the Board to perform any duties required or authorized 
to be performed by it by any regulations made under paragraph (h) 
101(2) Recommendation 
(2) No regulations may be made under paragraph (1)(d), if), (h) or (i) except on the recommendation 
of the Minister, made after the Minister has consulted with the provincial ministers of the Crown 
responsible for health and with such representatives of consumer groups and representatives of the 
pharmaceutical industry as the Minister considers appropriate. 
1993, c 2, s. 7. 
Meetings with Minister 
102(1) Meetings with Minister 
102. (1) The Minister may at any time convene a meeting of the following persons: 
(a) the Chairperson and such members of the Board as the Chairperson may designate; 
(b) the provincial ministers of the Crown responsible for health or such representatives as they may 
designate; 
(c) such representatives of consumer groups and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry as 
the Minister may designate, and 
(d) such other persons as the Minister considers appropriate. 
102(2) Agenda 
(2) The participants at a meeting convened under subsection (1) shall consider such matters in relation 
to the administration or operation of sections 79 to 101 as the Minister may determine. 
1993, c. 2, s. 7. 
Agreements with Provinces 
103 Agreements with provinces 
103 The Minister may enter into agreements with any province respecting the distribution to that 
province of amounts received or collected by the Receiver General under section 84, less any costs 
incurred in relation to the collection and distribution of those amounts. 
1993, c 2, s. 7; 1994, c. 26, s. 55(F). 
RELATED PROVISIONS 
R.S., 1985, c. 33 (3rd Supp.), SSe 28 to 32, as amended by 1992, c. 1, s. 145(F) 
(Sch. VIII, item 22): 
Pending applications 
"28 Applications for patents filed before the coming into force of the provisions of this Act referred 
to in subsection 33(1) shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the Patent Act as it 
read immediately before the coming into force of those provisions. IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 69 
b) n!gir les conditions de forme, de temps et autres en ce qui touche la production de ces 
renseignements et documents; 
c) determiner la periode mentionnee au paragraphe 80(2); 
d) definir les facteurs d'application des paragraphes 85(1) ou (2), y compris les facteurs relatifs 
au prix de lancement d'un medicament; 
e) designer un ministre aux fins du paragraphe 86(2) ou de l'alinea 87(2)a); 
j) definir, pour l'application des articles 88 et 89, « recherche et developpement »; 
g) imposer Ie paiement de droits prealablement a la delivrance du certificat vise au paragraphe 98(4) 
et en fixer Ie montant ou Ie mode de determination; 
h) obliger ou autoriser Ie Conseil a exercer certaines fonctions, outre celles prevues par la presente 
loi, precisees dans les reglements, y compris les fonctions relatives au prix de lancement d'un 
medicament; 
i) conferer au Conseilles pouvoirs, outre ceux prevus par la presente loi, qui lui permettent, a son 
avis, de s'acquitter des fonctions que celui-ci doit executer aux termes des reglements pris au titre 
de l'alinea h). 
101(2) Recommandation 
(2) Les reglements vises aux alineas (1)d),j), h) ou i) sont pris sur recommandation du ministre faite 
apres consultation par celui-ci des ministres provinciaux responsables de la sante et des representants 
des groupes de consommateurs et de l'industrie pharmaceutique qu'il juge utile de consulter. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
Reunions ministerielles 
102(1) Reunions ministerielles 
102. (1) Le ministre peut, a sa discretion, convoquer une reunion des personnes suivantes . 
a) Ie president et les conseillers que celui-ci designe; 
b) les ministres provinciaux responsables de la sante ou leurs representants; 
c) les representants des groupes de consommateurs et de l'industrie pharmaceutique que Ie ministre 
peut designer, 
d) les autres personnes que Ie ministre estime indiquees 
102(2) Ordre du jour 
(2) Les personnes reunies conformement au paragraphe (1) ont a examiner les sujets que Ie ministre 
peut leur deferer et qui ont trait a l'application des articles 79 a 101. 
1993, ch. 2, art. 7. 
Ententes avec les provinces 
103 Ententes avec les provinces 
103. Le ministre peut conclure avec toute province des ententes concernant Ie partage avec celle-ci 
de sommes prelevees ou rec;:ues par Ie receveur general en vertu de l'article 84, deduction faite des 
frais de perception et de partage 
1993, ch 2, art. 7, 1994, ch 26, art. 55(F). 
DISPOSITIONS CONN EXES 
L.R. (1985), ch. 33 (3" suppl.), art. 28 a 32, tels que modifies par 1992, ch. 1, 
art. 145(F) (Ann. VIII, n° 22) : 
Demandes en instance 
«28. Les demandes de brevet deposees avant l'entree en vigueur des dispositions de la presente loi 
vi sees au paragraphe 33(1) sont regies par la Loi sur les brevets dans sa version anterieure a leur 
entree en vigueur. IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 70 
Patents issued before Act in force 
29. Any matter arising after the coming into force of the provisions of this Act referred to in 
subsection 33(1) in respect of any patent issued before the coming into force of those provisions, 
except any matter arising under any of sections 39.1 to 39.25 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 
15 of this Act, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the Patent Act as it read 
immediately before the coming into force of those provisions 
Applications in conflict 
30. Where a conflict, within the meaning of section 43 of the Patent Act, as that section read 
immediately before the coming into force of section 16 of this Act, exists between an application 
for a patent filed after the coming into force of section 16 of this Act and an application for a patent 
filed before the coming into force of that section, the applications shall be dealt with and disposed 
of in accordance with section 43 of the Patent Act as that section read immediately before the coming 
into force of section 16 of this Act. 
Payments to provinces 
31. (1) The Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs shall pay to each province for each of 
the fiscal years commencing in the period April 1, 1987 to March 31, 1991, for the purpose of 
research and development relating to medicine, an amount equal to the product obtained by 
mUltiplying 
by (a) the quotient obtained by dividing 
(i) twenty-five million dollars 
by 
(ii) the total population of all provinces for the fiscal year in respect of which the payment 
is made, 
(b) the population of the province for the fiscal year in respect of which the payment is made. 
Time and manner of payment 
(2) Payment of any amount under this section shall be made out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund 
at such times and in such manner as the Governor in Council may, by regulation, prescribe. 
Determination of population 
(3) For the purposes of this section, the population of a province for a fiscal year shall be the 
population of that province on June 1 of that year as determined and published by the Chief 
Statistician of Canada. 
Prohibition 
32. (1) Notwithstanding anything in section 39 of the Patent Act or in any licence granted under 
that section, no person shall, under a licence granted prior to March 28, 1989 under that section 
in respect of a patent pertaining to the medicine Diltiazem hydrochloride, have or exercise any right 
to 
(a) import Diltiazem hydrochloride, if it is to be sold for consumption in Canada; or 
(b) make Diltiazem hydrochloride for sale for consumption in Canada. 
Duration of prohibition 
(2) The prohibition under subsection (1) expires on March 28, 1989 
Actions and proceedings barred 
(3) No action or proceedings for any compensation or damages lie against Her Majesty in right 
of Canada as a result of the application of subsection (1) to a licence referred to in that subsection." 
1993, c. 2, ss. 9 to 14: 
DefInitions 
9. In this section and sections 10 to 13, 
"commencement day" « date d' entree en vigueur » 
"commencement day" means the day on which section 3 of this Act comes into force; 
"former Act" « loi anterieure » 
"former Act" means the Patent Act, as it read immediately before the commencement day. Brevets anterieurs IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 71 
29. Les affaires survenant, apres l'entree en vigueur des dispositions de la presente loi visees au 
paragraphe 33(1), relativement aux brevets delivres avant celle-ci, a l'exception de celles relatives 
aux articles 39.1 a 39.25 de la Loi sur les brevets, edictes par l'article 15, sont regies par celle-ci, 
dans sa version anterieure a leur entree en vigueur. 
Demandes 
30. En cas de conflit, sous Ie regime de I' article 43 de la Loi sur les brevets dans sa version anterieure 
a la date de l'entree en vigueur de l'article 16 de la presente loi, entre une demande de brevet deposee 
avant cette date et la demande deposee a compter de celle-ci, les demandes sont regies par l'article 
43 dans sa version anterieure. 
Paiement aux provinces 
31 (1) Le ministre de la Consommation et des Affaires commerciales versera a chaque province 
pour chacun des exercices compris entre Ie 1er avril 1987 et Ie 31 mars 1991 pour la recherche et 
Ie developpement en matiere de medicaments un montant egal au produit obtenu par la multiplication 
de l'element a) par l'element b) . 
a) Ie quotient obtenu par la division de vingt-cinq millions de dollars par Ie chiffre total de la 
population des provinces pour l'exercice a l'egard duquelle versement est effectue; 
b) Ie 'chiffre de la population de la province pour ce meme exercice. 
Modalites 
(2) Tout versement est preleve sur Ie Tresor selon ce que Ie gouverneur en conseil peut fixer par 
reglement. 
Determination du chiffre de la population 
(3) Le chiffre de la population d'une province pour un exercice est celui du 1 er juin de l' exercice, 
determine et pub lie par Ie statisticien en chef du Canada 
Interdiction 
32. (1) Par derogation a l'article 39 de la Loi sur les brevets ou a toute licence delivree sous son 
regime, il est interdit de se prevaloir d'une licence accordee sous Ie regime de cet article avant Ie 
28 mars 1989 et relativement au medicament appele chlorhydrate de diltiazem pour revendiquer 
ou exercer Ie droit d' importer ou de realiser ce medicament pour vente a la consommation au Canada. 
Duree de l'interdiction 
(2) L'interdiction est levee Ie 28 mars 1989. 
Interdiction des actions 
(3) II ne peut etre intente d'action, ou autre procedure, en dommages-interets contre Sa Majeste 
du chef du Canada pour l'application du paragraphe (1) a une licence qui y est visee.» 
1993, ch. 2, art. 9 a 14 : 
Definitions 
9. Les definitions qui suivent s' appliquent au present article et aux articles 10 a 13. 
« date d' entree en vigueur» "commencement day" 
« date d'entree en vigueur » La date d'entree en vigueur de l'article 3 de la presente loi. 
« loi anterieure» ''former Act" 
« loi anterieure » La Loi sur les brevets dans sa version a la date d'entn!e en vigueur. IP/N/1/CAN/P/I 
Page 72 
Pending proceedings 
10. Any proceeding pending before the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board immediately before 
the commencement day shall be taken up and continued under and in accordance with sections 79 to 
101 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 7 of this Act, as if the proceeding had been commenced 
on or after that day. 
Licences continued 
11. (1) A licence that has been granted under section 39 of the former Act before December 20, 1991 
and that has not been terminated before the commencement day shall continue in effect according to 
its terms and, subject to subsection (2), sections 39 to 39.14 of the former Act shall continue to apply 
in respect of that licence as if they had not been repealed by section 3 of this Act. 
Exception 
(2) For the purposes of applying sections 39 to 39.14 ofthe former Act in respect of a licence continued 
by subsection (1), the prohibitions set out in subsections 39.11 (1) and 39 14( 1) of the former Act do 
not apply in respect of any medicine or medicines in respect of which an order has been made under 
paragraph 39 .IS(3)(d) of the former Act, if that order is in force immediately before the commencement 
day. 
Licences ceasing to have effect 
12. (1) Every licence granted under section 39 of the former Act on or after December 20, 1991 shall 
cease to have effect on the expiration of the day preceding the commencement day, and all rights or 
privileges acquired or accrued under that licence or under the former Act in relation to that licence 
shall thereupon be extinguished. 
Actions for infringement barred 
(2) For greater certainty, no action for infringement of a patent lies under the Patent Act in respect 
of any act that is done before the commencement day under a licence referred to in subsection (1) in 
accordance with the terms of that licence and sections 39 to 39.17 of the former Act. 
Actions and proceedings barred 
13. No action or proceeding for any compensation or damages lies against Her Majesty in right of 
Canada in respect of any direct or indirect consequence resulting from the application of section 11 
or 12 or the repeal of sections 39 to 39.17 of the former Act. 
Review of certain sections 
14. (1) On the expiration of four years after this Act is assented to, the provisions of the Patent Act 
enacted by this Act shall be referred to such committee of the House of Commons, of the Senate or 
of both Houses of Parliament as may be designated or established for the purpose ofthe review referred 
to in subsection (2). 
Idem 
(2) The committee shall undertake a comprehensive review of the provisions of the Patent Act enacted 
by this Act and shall, within one year after the review is undertaken or within such further time as 
the House or Houses that designated or established the committee may authorize, submit a report thereon, 
including such recommendations as the committee may wish to make pertaining to those provisions. 
1993, c. 44, s. 191(2) 
No liability 
(2) Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province is not, by reason only of the enactment of subsection 
(1), liable for any use of a patented invention before the day on which subsection (1) comes into force 
AMENDMENTS NOT IN FORCE 
1993, c. 15, ss. 26 to 49. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 1(2) 
26. (1) The definition "priority date" in section 2 of the Patent Act is repealed. 
(2) Section 2 of the said Act is further amended by adding thereto, in alphabetical order, the following 
definitions : 
"claim date" Version anglaise seulement 
"claim date" means the date of a claim in an application for a patent in Canada, as determined in 
accordance with section 28 1, Procedures pendantes IP/N/1/CAN/P/I 
Page 73 
10. Toutes les procedures qui, a la date d'entree en vigueur, sont en cours devant Ie Conseil d'examen 
du prix des medicaments brevetes se poursuivent conformement aux articles 79 a 101 de Ia Loi sur 
Ies brevets, edictes par I'article 7 de Ia presente Ioi, comme si eUes avaient ete entamees a cette date. 
Validite d'une licence au titre de la loi anterieure 
1l. (1) Toute licence accordee au titre de I'article 39 de Ia Ioi anterieure avant Ie 20 decembre 1991 
et en cours de validite a Ia date d'entree en vigueur reste valide dans les limites de ses conditions. Les 
articles 39 a 39.14 de la loi anterieure s'appliquent a eUe comme s'ils n'avaient pas ete abroges par 
I' article 3 de la presente loL 
Exception 
(2) Pour l' application des articles 39 a 39.14 de la loi anterieure aux licences prorogees au titre du 
paragraphe (1), les interdictions prevues aux paragraphes 39.11(1) et 39.14(1) de la loi anterieure ne 
s'appliquent pas aux medicaments vises par une ordonnance prise au titre de l'alinea 39. 15(3)d) de 
la loi anterieure si cette ordonnance est en vigueur avant la date d'entree en vigueur. 
Non-validite d'une licence 
12. (1) Toute licence accordee au titre de I'article 39 de la loi anterieure Ie 20 decembre 1991 ou apres 
cesse d'etre valide a l'expiration dujour precedant la date d'entree en vigueur et les droits et privileges 
acquis au titre de cette licence ou de la Ioi anterieure relativement a cette licence s'eteignent. 
Aucune action en contrefa~on 
(2) II ne peut etre intente d'action en contrefa90n d'un brevet sous Ie regime de la Loi sur les brevets 
a l'egard d'un acte accompli, prealablement a la date d'entree en vigueur, au titre d'une licence visee 
au paragraphe (1) et conformement aux articles 39 a 39.17 de la loi anterieure ou a cette licence. 
Aucune action en recouvrement 
13. lIne peut etre intente d'action en recouvrement contre Sa Majeste du chef du Canada a l'egard 
de toutes repercussions -directes ou indirectes -resultant de l'application des articles 11 ou 12 ou 
de I'abrogation des articles 39 a 39.17 de la loi anterieure. 
Examen de certains articles 
14 (1) A l'expiration de la quatrieme annee suivant la sanction de la presente loi, un comite, de la 
Chambre des communes, du Senat ou mixte, designe ou constitue a cette fin se saisit des dispositions 
de la Loi sur les brevets edictees par la presente loi et procede a I' examen detaille de ceUes-ci et des 
consequences de leur application 
Idem 
(2) Le comite dispose d'un an, ou du delai superieur autorise par la ou les chambres l'ayant designe 
ou constitue, pour s'en acquitter et presenter son rapport en I'assortissant eventuellement de ses 
recommandations quant aux modifications a ces dispositions qu'il juge souhaitables. 
1993, ch. 44, par. 191(2) : 
Absence de responsabilite 
(2) Le paragraphe (1) n'a pas pour effet, par lui-meme, de faire encourir quelque responsabilite a Sa 
Majeste du chef du Canada ou d'une province pour les usages d'une invention brevetee anterieurs a 
son entree en vigueur. 
MODIFICATIONS NON EN VIGUEUR 
1993, ch. 15, art. 26 a 49 : 
L.R., ch. 33 (3e suppl ), par. 1(2) 
26. (1) La definition de « date de priorite », a l'article 2 de la Loi sur les brevets, est abrogee. 
(2) L'artic1e 2 de la meme loi est modifie par insertion, suivant I'ordre alphabetique, de ce qui suit: 
« date de depot» ''filing date" 
« date de depot» La date du depot d 'une demande de brevet, determinee conformement a I' article 28. IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 74 
"filing date" « date de depOt » 
"filing date" means, in relation to an application for a patent in Canada, the date on which the 
application is filed, as determined in accordance with section 28; 
"predecessor in title" « predecesseur en droit» 
"predecessor in title" includes any person through whom an applicant for a patent in Canada claims 
the right to the patent; 
"request for priority" « demande de priorite » 
"request for priority" means a request under section 28.4; 
27. Section 8 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor. 
Clerical errors 
8. Clerical errors in any instrument of record in the Patent Office do not invalidate the instrument, 
but they may be corrected under the authority of the Commissioner. 
Electronic or other submission of documents, infonnation or fees 
8.1 (1) Subject to the regulations, any document, information or fee that is authorized or required to 
be submitted to the Commissioner under this Act may be submitted in electronic or other form in any 
manner specified by the Commissioner. 
Time of receipt 
(2) For the purposes of this Act, any document, information or fee submitted in accordance with 
subsection (1) is deemed to be received by the Commissioner at the time provided by the regulations 
Storage of documents or infonnation in electronic or other fonn 
8.2 Subject to the regulations, any document or information received by the Commissioner under this 
Act in electronic or other form may be entered or recorded by any information storage device, including 
any system of mechanical or electronic data processing, that is capable of reproducing stored documents 
or information in intelligible form within a reasonable time. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 2 
28 Section 10 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Inspection by the public 
10. (1) Subject to subsections (2) to (6) and section 20, all patents, applications for patents and documents 
filed in connection with patents or applications for patents shall be open to public inspection at the 
Patent Office, under such conditions as may be prescribed. 
Confidentiality period 
(2) Except with the approval of the applicant, an application for a patent, or a document filed in 
connection with the application, shall not be open to public inspection before a confidentiality period 
of eighteen months has expired. 
Beginning of confidentiality period 
(3) The confidentiality period begins on the filing date of the application or, where a request for priority 
has been made in respect of the application, it begins on the earliest filing date of any previously regularly 
filed application on which the request is based. 
Withdrawal of request 
(4) Where a request for priority is withdrawn on or before the prescribed date, it shall, for the purposes 
of subsection (3) and to the extent that it is withdrawn, be considered never to have been made. 
Withdrawn applications 
(5) An application shall not be open to public inspection if it is withdrawn in accordance with the 
regulations on or before the prescribed date. 
Prescribed date 
(6) A prescribed date referred to in subsection (4) or (5) must be no later than the date on which the 
confidentiality period expires. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 3 
29. (1) Paragraph 12(l)(i) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
(i) for carrying into effect, notwithstanding anything in this Act, the Patent Cooperation Treaty 
done at Washington on June 19, 1970, including any amendments, modifications and revisions made 
from time to time to which Canada is a party; « demande de priorite» "request for priority" 
« demande de priorite » La demande visee a l'article 28.4. 
« predecesseur en droit» "predecessor in title" IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 75 
« predecesseur en droit» Est assimilee a un predecesseur en droit toute personne par I' intermediaire 
de laquelle Ie demandeur de brevet reclame Ie droit a celui-ci. 
27. L' article 8 de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit . 
Erreurs d'ecriture 
8. Un document en depot au Bureau des brevets n'est pas invalide en raison d'erreurs d'ecriture; elles 
peuvent etre corrigees sous l'autorite du commissaire. 
Transmission electronique 
8.1 (1) Sous reserve des reglements, les documents, renseignements ou taxes dont la presente loi exige 
ou auto rise la remise au commissaire peuvent lui etre transmis sous forme electronique ou autre, de 
la maniere qu'il precise. 
Date de reception 
(2) Pour l'application de la presente loi, les documents, renseignements ou taxes ainsi transmis sont 
reputes avoir ete rec;:us par Ie commissaire au moment determine par reglement. 
Mise en memoire 
82 Sous r6serve des reglements, les documents ou renseignements re<;us par Ie commissaire, en 
application de la presente loi, sous forme electronique ou autre, peuvent etre mis en memoire par tout 
procede, notamment mecanographique ou informatique, susceptible de les restituer en clair dans un 
delai raisonnable. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3" suppl.), art 2 
28. L'article 10 de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit: 
Consultation des documents 
10. (1) Sous reserve des paragraphes (2) a (6) et de l'article 20, les brevets, demandes de brevet et 
documents relatifs a ceux-ci, deposes au Bureau des brevets, peuvent y etre consultes aux conditions 
reglementaires 
Periode de non-consultation 
(2) Sauf sur autorisation du demandeur, une demande de brevet et les documents relatifs a celle-ci ne 
peuvent etre consultes avant l'expiration d'une periode de dix-huit mois 
Calcul de la periode 
(3) La periode se calcule a compter de la date de depot de la demande de brevet ou, si une demande 
de priorite a ete presentee a l'egard de celle-ci, de la date de depot de la premiere demande 
anterieurement deposee de fac;:on reguliere sur laquelle la demande de priorite est fondee. 
Demande de priorite retiree 
(4) Pour l'application du paragraphe (3), Ie retrait total ou partiel d'une demande de priorite, au plus 
tard a la date reglementaire, vaut presomption de non-presentation de la demande. 
Demande de brevet retiree 
(5) La demande de brevet qui est retiree, conformement aux reglements, a la date reglementaire ou 
avant celle-ci ne peut etre consultee. 
Dates 
(6) Les dates reglementaires visees aux paragraphes (4) et (5) ne peuvent etre posterieures a la date 
de l'expiration de la periode visee au paragraphe (2). 
L R., ch. 33 (3" suppl.), art. 3 
29. (1) L'alinea 12(1)i) de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit. 
i) par derogation aux autres dispositions de la presente loi, mettre en oeuvre Ie Traite de cooperation 
en matiere de brevets, conclu a Washington Ie 19 juin 1970, ainsi que les modifications et revisions 
eventuellement apportees a celui-ci et auxquelles Ie Canada est partie; IP/NIl/CAN/PI 1 
Page 76 
(2) Subsection 12(1) ofthe said Act is further amended by adding thereto, immediately after paragraph 
(j) thereof, the following paragraphs: 
(j.1) respecting the submission of documents, information or fees under section 8.1, including 
(i) the documents, information or fees that may be submitted in electronic or other form under 
that section, 
(ii) the persons or classes of persons by whom they may be submitted, and 
(iii) the time at which they are deemed to be received by the Commissioner, 
(j.2) respecting the entering or recording of any document or information under section 8.2; 
(j.3) prescribing the manner in which an application for a patent may be withdrawn and, for the 
purposes of subsections 10(4) and (5), prescribing the date, or the manner of determining the date, 
on or before which a request for priority or an application for a patent must be withdrawn; 
(j.4) respecting requests for priority, including 
(i) the period within which priority must be requested, 
(ii) the manner in which and period within which the Commissioner must be informed of the 
matters referred to in subsection 28.4(2), 
(iii) the documentation that must be filed in support of requests for priority, and 
(iv) the withdrawal of requests for priority; 
(j.5) respecting the time within which requests for examination must be made and prescribed fees 
must be paid under subsection 35(1), 
(j 6) respecting the deposit of biological material for the purposes of section 38.1; 
(j 7) respecting the manner in which amendments may be made to specifications or drawings furnished 
as part of an application for a patent; 
(j.8) authorizing the Commissioner to extend, subject to any prescribed terms and conditions, the 
time fixed by or under this Act for doing anything where the Commissioner is satisfied that the 
circumstances justify the extension; 
30. Section 18 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Notice on appeal 
18. (1) Whenever an appeal to the Federal Court from the decision of the Commissioner is permitted 
under this Act, notice of the decision shall be mailed by the Commissioner by registered letter addressed 
to the interested parties or their respective agents. 
Time for taking appeal 
(2) The appeal shall be taken within three months after the date of mailing of the notice, unless otherwise 
provided by or under this Act. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 8 
31. Section 27 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Commissioner may grant patents 
27. (1) The Commissioner shall grant a patent for an invention to the inventor or the inventor's legal 
representative if an application for the patent in Canada is filed in accordance with this Act and all 
other requirements for the issuance of a patent under this Act are met. 
Application requirements 
(2) The prescribed application fee must be paid and the application must be filed in accordance with 
the regulations by the inventor or the inventor's legal representative and the application must contain 
a petition and a specification of the invention. 
Specification 
(3) The specification of an invention must 
(a) correctly and fully describe the invention and its operation or use as contemplated by the inventor, 
(b) set out clearly the various steps in a process, or the method of constructing, making, compounding 
or using a machine, manufacture or composition of matter, in such full, clear, concise and exact 
terms as to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which it pertains, or with which it 
is most closely connected, to make, construct, compound or use it; 
(c) in the case of a machine, explain the principle of the machine and the best mode in which the 
inventor has contemplated the application of that principle; and 
(d) in the case of a process, explain the necessary sequence, if any, of the various steps, so as to 
distinguish the invention from other inventions. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 77 
(2) Le paragraphe 12(1) de la meme loi est modifie par insertion, apres l'alinea}), de ce qui suit: 
j.l) regir la transmission des documents, renseignements et taxes vises aI' article 8.1; notamment 
en determinant ceux qui peuvent etre remis au titre du paragraphe 8.1 (1), les personnes ou categories 
de personnes habilitees a cet effet et les regles d'application du paragraphe 8.1(2); 
j.2) regir la mise en memoire des renseignements et documents vises a l'article 8.2; 
j.3) determiner les modalites de retrait des demandes de brevet et, pour I' application des paragraphes 
10(4) et (5), preciser les dates, ou leur mode de determination, de retrait des demandes de priorite 
et des demandes de brevet; 
j 4) regir les demandes de priorite, notamment en ce qui a trait a leur delai de presentation, aux 
renseignements et documents a fournir a I' appui de celles-ci, au delai de transmission au commissaire 
de ces renseignements et documents ainsi qu'au retrait de ces demandes; 
j.5) determiner Ie delai de presentation des requetes d'examen et fixer les taxes a payer aux termes 
du paragraphe 35(1); 
j 6) regir Ie depot de matieres biologiques vise a l'article 38.1; 
j.7) determiner les modalites de modification des memo ires descriptifs et des dessins faisant partie 
de la demande de brevet; 
j.8) autoriser Ie commissaire, si celui-ci estime que les circonstances Ie justifient, a proroger, aux 
conditions reglementaires, tout delai fixe par la presente loi ou en vertu de celle-ci pour 
l'accomplissement d'un acte; 
30. L'artic1e 18 de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit: 
Avis d'appel 
18 (1) Lorsque, aux termes de la presente loi, il peut etre fait appel de sa decision devant la Cour 
federale, Ie commissaire adresse, par courrier recommande, un avis de sa decision aux parties interessees 
ou a leurs agents respectifs. 
Delai 
(2) L'appel doit etre interjete dans un delai de trois mois a compter de la date de l'envoi de cet avis, 
a moins qu'un autre delai ne soit fixe sous Ie regime de la presente loi. 
L.R , ch. 33 (3e supp!.), art. 8 
31 L'artic1e 27 de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit: 
Delivrance de brevet 
27. (1) Le commissaire accorde un brevet d'invention a l'inventeur ou a son representant legal si la 
demande de brevet est deposee conformement a la presente loi et si les autres conditions de celle-ci 
sont remplies. 
Depot de la demande 
(2) L'inventeur ou son representant legal doit deposer, en la forme n~glementaire, une demande 
accompagnee d'une petition et du memo ire descriptif de l'invention et payer les taxes reglementaires. 
Memoire descriptif 
(3) Le memo ire descriptif doit : 
a) decrire d'une fa~on exacte et complete !'invention et son application ou exploitation, telles que 
les a con~ues son inventeur; 
b) exposer cIairement les diverses phases d'un procede, ou Ie mode de construction, de confection, 
de composition ou d 'utilisation d 'une machine, d 'un objet manufacture ou d 'un compose de matieres, 
dans des termes complets, c1airs, concis et exacts qui permettent a toute personne versee dans l'art 
ou la science dont releve l'invention, ou dans l'art ou la science qui s'en rapproche Ie plus, de 
confectionner, construire, composer ou utiliser I' invention; 
c) s'il s'agit d'une machine, en expliquer c1airement Ie principe et la meilleure maniere dont son 
inventeur en a con~u I' application; 
d) s'il s'agit d'un procede, expliquer la suite necessaire, Ie cas echeant, des diverses phases du 
procede, de fa~on a distinguer l'invention en cause d'autres inventions. IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 78 
Claims 
(4) The specification must end with a claim or claims defining distinctly and in explicit terms the 
subject-matter of the invention for which an exclusive privilege or property is claimed. 
Alternative defInition of subject-matter 
(5) For greater certainty, where a claim defines the subject-matter of an invention in the alternative, 
each alternative is a separate claim for the purposes of sections 2, 28.1 to 28.3 and 783. 
When application to be completed 
(6) Where an application does not completely meet the requirements of subsection (2) on its filing date, 
the Commissioner shall, by notice to the applicant, require the application to be completed on or before 
the date specified in the notice. 
SpecifIed period 
(7) The specified date must be at least three months after the date of the notice and at least twelve months 
after the filing date of the application. 
What may not be patented 
(8) No patent shall be granted for any mere scientific principle or abstract theorem. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 9 
32. Subsections 27.1(2) and (3) of the said Act are repealed. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 10 
33 Section 28 of the said Act is repealeo and the following substituted therefor 
Filing date 
28. (1) The filing date of an application for a patent in Canada is the date on which the Commissioner 
receives the documents, information and fees prescribed for the purposes of this section or, if they 
are received on different dates, the last date. 
Deemed date of receipt of fees 
(2) The Commissioner may, for the purposes of this section, deem prescribed fees to have been received 
on a date earlier than the date of their receipt if the Commissioner considers it just to do so. 
Claim date 
28.1 (1) The date of a claim in an application for a patent in Canada (the "pending application") is 
the filing date of the application, unless 
(a) the pending application is filed by 
(i) a person who has, or whose agent, legal representative or predecessor in title has, previously 
regularly filed in or for Canada an application for a patent disclosing the subject-matter defined 
by the claim, or 
(ii) a person who is entitled to protection under the terms of any treaty or convention relating 
to patents to which Canada is a party and who has, or whose agent, legal representative or 
predecessor in title has, previously regularly filed in or for any other country that by treaty, 
convention or law affords similar protection to citizens of Canada an application for a patent 
disclosing the subject-matter defined by the claim; 
(b) the filing date of the pending application is within twelve months after the filing date of the 
previously regularly filed application; and 
(c) the applicant has made a request for priority on the basis of the previously regularly filed 
application. . 
Claims based on previously regularly fIled applications 
(2) In the circumstances described in paragraphs (l)(a) to (c), the claim date is the filing date of the 
previously regularly filed application. 
Subject-matter of claim must not be previously disclosed 
28.2 (1) The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in Canada (the "pending 
application ") must not have been disclosed 
(a) more than one year before the filing date by the applicant, or by a person who obtained 
knowledge, directly or indirectly, from the applicant, in such a manner that the subject -matter became 
available to the public in Canada or elsewhere; 
(b) before the claim date by a person not mentioned in paragraph (a) in such a manner that the 
subject-matter became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere; 
(c) in an application for a patent that is filed in Canada by a person other than the applicant, and 
has a filing date that is before the claim date; or Revendications IP/NIlICAN/P/1 
Page 79 
(4) Le memoire descriptif se termine par une ou plusieurs revendications definissant distinctement et 
en des termes explicites I' objet de I' invention dont Ie demandeur revendique la propriete ou Ie privilege 
exclusif. 
Variantes 
(5) II est entendu que, pour l'application des articles 2,28 1 a 28.3 et 78 3, si une revendication definit, 
par variantes, I'objet de l'invention, chacune d'elles constitue une revendication distincte. 
Demande incomplete 
(6) Si, a la date de depot, la demande ne remplit pas les conditions prevues au paragraphe (2), Ie 
commissaire doit, par avis, requerir Ie demandeur de la completer au plus tard a la date qui y est 
mentionnee. 
Delai 
(7) Ce delai est d'au moins trois mois a compter de l'avis et d'au moins douze mois a compter de la 
date de depot de la demande. 
Ce qui n'est pas brevetable 
(8) II ne peut etre octroye de brevet pour de simples principes scientifiques ou conceptions theoriques. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art. 9 
32 Les patagraphes 27.1(2) et (3) de la meme loi sont abroges. 
L.R , ch. 33 (3e suppl.), art 10 
33. L'article 28 de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit : 
Date de depot 
28. (1) La date de depot d'une demande de brevet est la date a laquelle Ie commissaire re90it les 
documents, renseignements et taxes reglementaires prevus pour l'application du present article. S'ils 
sont re9us a des dates differentes, il s'agit de la derniere d'entre e1les. 
Taxes reglementaires 
(2) Pour I'application du paragraphe (1), Ie commissaire peut, s'il estime que cela est equitable, fixer 
une date de reception des taxes anterieure a celle a laquelle elles ont ete re9ues 
Date de la revendication 
28.1 (1) La date de la revendication d'une demande de brevet est la date de depot de celle-ci, sauf 
si . 
a) la demande est deposee, selon Ie cas: 
(i) par une personne qui a anterieurement depose de fa90n reguliere, au Canada ou pour Ie Canada, 
ou dont I'agent, Ie representant legal ou Ie predecesseur en droit I'a fait, une demande de brevet 
divulguant l'objet que definit la revendication, 
(ii) par une personne qui a anterieurement depose de fa90n reguliere, dans un autre pays ou pour 
un autre pays, ou dont l'agent, Ie representant legal ou Ie predecesseur en droit l'a fait, une 
demande de brevet divulguant I'objet que definit la revendication, dans Ie cas ou ce pays protege 
les droits de cette personne par traite ou convention, relatif aux brevets, auquelle Canada est 
partie, et accorde par traite, convention ou loi une protection similaire aux citoyens du Canada, 
b) elle est deposee dans les douze mois de la date de depot de la demande deposee anterieurement; 
c) Ie demandeur a presente, a I' egard de sa demande, une demande de priorite fondee sur la demande 
deposee anterieurement. 
Date de depot de la demande anterieure 
(2) Dans Ie cas ou les alineas (l)a) a c) s'appliquent, la date de la revendication est la date de depot 
de la demande anterieurement deposee de fac;:on reguliere. 
Objet non divulgue 
28 2 (1) L'objet que definit la revendication d'une demande de brevet ne doit pas: 
a) plus d'un an avant la date de depot de celle-ci, avoir fait, de la part du demandeur ou d'un tiers 
ayant obtenu de lui l'information a cet egard de fa90n directe ou autrement, l'objet d'une 
communication qui l'a rendu accessible au public au Canada ou ailleurs; 
b) avant la date de la revendication, avoir fait, de la part d'une autre personne, I'objet d'une 
communication qui l'a rendu accessible au public au Canada ou ailleurs, 
c) avoir ete divulgue dans une demande de brevet qui a ete deposee au Canada par une personne 
autre que Ie demandeur et dont la date de depot est anterieure a la date de la revendication de la 
demande visee a l'alinea (l)a), IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 80 
(d) in an application (the "co-pending application") for a patent that is filed in Canada by a person 
other than the applicant and has a filing date that is on or after the claim date if 
(i) the co-pending application is filed by 
(A) a person who has, or whose agent, legal representative or predecessor in title has, 
previously regularly filed in or for Canada an application for a patent disclosing the 
subject-matter defined by the claim, or 
(B) a person who is entitled to protection under the terms of any treaty or convention relating 
to patents to which Canada is a party and who has, or whose agent, legal representative or 
predecessor in title has, previously regularly filed in or for any other country that by treaty, 
convention or law affords similar protection to citizens of Canada an application for a patent 
disclosing the subject-matter defined by the claim, 
(ii) the filing date of the previously regularly filed application is before the claim date of the 
pending application, 
(iii) the filing date of the co-pending application is within twelve months after the filing date 
of the previously regularly filed application, and 
(iv) the applicant has, in respect of the co-pending application, made a request for priority on 
the basis of the previously regularly filed application. 
Withdrawal of application 
(2) An application mentioned in paragraph (1)(c) or a co-pending application mentioned in paragraph 
(1)(d) that is withdrawn before it is open to public inspection shall, for the purposes of this section, 
be considered never to have been filed. 
Invention must not be obvious 
28.3 The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in Canada must be subject-matter 
that would not have been obvious on the claim date to a person skilled in the art or science to which 
it pertains, having regard to 
(a) information disclosed more than one year before the filing date by the applicant, or by a person 
who obtained knowledge, directly or indirectly, from the applicant in such a manner that the 
information became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere; and 
(b) information disclosed before the claim date by a person not mentioned in paragraph (a) in such 
a manner that the information became available to the public in Canada or elsewhere. 
Request for priority 
28.4 (1) For the purposes of sections 28.1,28.2 and 78.3, an applicant for a patent in Canada may 
request priority in respect of the application on the basis of one or more previously regularly filed 
applications. 
Requirements governing request 
(2) The request for priority must be made in accordance with the regulations and the applicant must 
inform the Commissioner of the filing date, country of filing and number of each previously regularly 
filed application on which the request is based. 
Withdrawal of request 
(3) An applicant may, in accordance with the regulations, withdraw a request for priority, either entirely 
or with respect to one or more previously regularly filed applications. 
Multiple previously regularly fIled applications 
(4) Where two or more applications have been previously regularly filed as described in paragraph 
28.1(1)(a), subparagraph 28 2(1)(d)(i) or paragraph 78.3(1)(a) or (2)(a), either in the same country 
or in different countries, 
(a) paragraph 28 1(1)(b), subparagraph 28.2(1)(d)(iii) or paragraph 78.3(1)(b) or (2) (b) , as the case 
may be, shall be applied using the earliest filing date of the previously regularly filed applications; 
and 
(b) subsection 28.1(2), subparagraph 28.2(1)(d)(ii) or paragraph 78 3(1)(d) or (2)(d), as the case 
may be, shall be applied using the earliest filing date of the previously regularly filed applications 
on the basis of which a request for priority is made. 
Withdrawal, etc., of previously regularly filed applications 
(5) A previously regularly filed application mentioned in section 28.1 or 28.2 or subsection 78.3(1) 
or (2) shall, for the purposes of that section or subsection, be considered never to have been filed if IP/N/lICAN/PIl 
Page 81 
d) avoir ete divulgue dans une demande de brevet qui a ete deposee au Canada par une personne 
autre que Ie demandeur et dont la date de depot correspond ou est posterieure a la date de la 
revendication de la demande visee a l'alinea (l)a) si : 
(i) cette personne, son agent, son representant legal ou son predecesseur en droit, selon Ie cas : 
(A) a anterieurement depose de fa~on reguliere, au Canada ou pour Ie Canada, une demande 
de brevet divulguant l'objet que definit la revendication de la demande visee a I'alinea (l)a), 
(B) a anterieurement depose de fa~on reguliere, dans un autre pays ou pour un autre pays, 
une demande de brevet divulguant I' objet que definit la revendication de la demande visee a I'alinea (l)a), dans Ie cas ou ce pays protege les droits de cette personne par traite ou 
convention, relatif aux brevets, auquelle Canada est partie, et accorde par traite, convention 
ou loi une protection similaire aux citoyens du Canada, 
(ii) la date de depot de la demande deposee anterieurement est anterieure a la date de la 
revendication de la demande visee a l'alinea a), 
(iii) a la date de depot de la demande, il s'est ecoule, depuis la date de depot de la demande 
deposee anterieurement, au plus douze mois, 
(iv) cette persOnne a presente, a l'egard de sa demande, une demande de priorite fondee sur 
la demande deposee anterieurement. 
Retrait de la demande 
(2) Si Ia demande de brevet vi see a I'alinea (l)c) ou celle visee a l'alinea (1)d) a ete retiree avant d'etre 
devenue accessible au public, elle est reputee, pour I'application des paragraphes (1) ou (2), n'avoir 
jamais ete deposee. 
Objet non evident 
28.3 L'objet que definit Ia revendication d'une demande de brevet ne doit pas, a Ia date de la 
revendication, etre evident pour une personne versee dans I'art ou Ia science dont releve I'objet, eu 
egard a toute communication : 
a) qui a ete faite, plus d'un an avant Ia date de depot de Ia demande, par Ie demandeur ou un tiers 
ayant obtenu de lui I'information a cet egard de fa~on directe ou autrement, de maniere telle qu'elle 
est devenue accessible au public au Canada ou ailleurs; 
b) qui a ete faite par toute autre personne avant Ia date de Ia revendication de maniere telle qu'elle 
est devenue accessible au public au Canada ou ailleurs. 
Demande de priorite 
28.4 (1) Pour I 'application des articles 28.1, 28.2 et 78.3, Ie demandeur de brevet peut presenter une 
demande de priorite fondee sur une ou plusieurs demandes de brevet anterieurement deposees de fa~on 
reguliere. 
Conditions 
(2) Le demandeur Ia presente selon Ies modalites regiementaires; il doit aussi informer Ie commissaire 
du nom du pays ou a ete deposee toute demande de brevet sur Iaquelle Ia demande de priorite est fondee, 
ainsi que de Ia date de depot et du numero de cette demande de brevet. 
Retrait de la demande 
(3) 11 peut, selon Ies modalites reglementaires, Ia retirer a I' egard de Ia demande deposee anterieurement; 
dans les cas ou la demande de priorite est fondee sur plusieurs demandes, il peut la retirer a l'egard 
de toutes celles-ci ou d'une ou de plusieurs d'entre elles. 
Plusieurs demandes 
(4) Dans Ie cas ou plusieurs demandes de brevet ont ete deposees anterieurement dans Ie meme pays 
ou non: 
a) la date de depot de Ia premiere demande est retenue pour I'application de l'alinea 28.1(1)b), 
du sous-alinea 28.2(1)d)(iii) et des alineas 78.3(I)b) et (2)b), selon Ie cas; 
b) Ia date de depot de Ia premiere des demandes sur Iesquelles la demande de priorite est fondee 
est retenue pour l'application du paragraphe 28.1(2), du sous-alinea 28.2(1)d)(ii) et des alineas 
78.3(1)d) et (2)d), selon Ie cas. 
Retrait de demandes deposees anterieurement 
(5) Pour I 'application des articles 28.1 et 28.2 et des paragraphes 78.3(1) et (2), une demande de brevet 
deposee anterieurement est reputee ne pas I'avoir ete si Ies conditions suivantes sont reunies . IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 82 
(a) it was filed more than twelve months before the filing date of 
(i) the pending application, in the case of section 28.1, 
(ii) the co-pending application, in the case of section 28 2, 
(iii) the later application, in the case of subsection 78.3(1), or 
(iv) the earlier application, in the case of subsection 78.3(2); 
(b) before the filing date referred to in paragraph (a), another application 
(i) is filed by the person who filed the previously regularly filed application or by the agent, 
legal representative or predecessor in title of that person, 
(ii) is filed in or for the country where the previously regularly filed application was filed, and 
(iii) discloses the subject-matter defined by the claim in the application mentioned in paragraph 
(a); and 
(c) on the filing date of the other application mentioned in paragraph (b) or, if there is more than 
one such application, on the earliest of their filing dates, the previously regularly filed application 
(i) has been withdrawn, abandoned or refused without having been opened to public inspection 
and without leaving any rights outstanding, and 
(ii) has not served as a basis for a request for priority in any country, including Canada. 
34. (1) Subsection 29(1) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Non-resident applicants 
29. (1) An applicant for a patent who does not appear to reside or carryon business at a specified 
address in Canada shall, on the filing date of the application, appoint as a representative a person or 
firm residing or carrying on business at a specified address in Canada. 
(2) Subsections 29(3) to (5) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
New representatives 
(3) An applicant for a patent or a patentee 
(a) may, by giving notice to the Commissioner, appoint a new representative in place of the latest 
recorded representative, or may give notice to the Commissioner of a change in the address of the 
latest recorded representative; and 
(b) shall so appoint a new representative or supply a new and correct address of the latest recorded 
representative on receipt of a request of the Commissioner stating that the latest recorded 
representative has died or that a letter addressed to the latest recorded representative at the latest 
recorded address and sent by ordinary mail has been returned undelivered 
Where no new appointment is made or no new address supplied 
(4) Where the Commissioner makes a request under paragraph (3)(b) and no new appointment is made 
or no new and correct address is supplied by the applicant or patentee within three months, the Federal 
Court or the Commissioner may dispose of any proceedings under this Act without requiring service 
on the applicant or patentee of any process in the proceedings. 
When fee payable 
(5) No fee is payable on the appointment of a new representative or the supply of a new and correct 
address, unless that appointment or supply follows a request by the Commissioner under subsection 
(3), in which case the prescribed fee is payable 
35. Section 30 of the said Act is repealed. 
1992, c. 1, s. 113 
36. Sections 33 and 34 of the said Act are repealed. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 11 
37. Subsection 34.1 (1) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Filing 
34.1 (1) Any person may file with the Commissioner prior art, consisting of patents, applications for 
patents open to public inspection and printed publications, that the person believes has a bearing on 
the patentability of any claim in an application for a patent. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 12 
38. Subsections 35(2) to (4) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor 
Required examination 
(2) The Commissioner may by notice require an applicant for a patent to make a request for examination 
pursuant to subsection (1) or to pay the prescribed fee within the time specified in the notice, but the 
specified time may not exceed the time provided by the regulations for making the request and paying 
the fee. IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 83 
a) la demande a ete deposee plus de douze mois avant la date de depot de la demande a l'egard 
de laquelle une demande de priorite a ete presentee; 
b) avant la date de depot de la demande a l'egard de laquelle une demande de priorite a ete presentee, 
une autre demande de brevet divulguant I' objet que definit la revendication de celle-ci a ete deposee : 
(i) par la personne qui a depose la demande anterieurement deposee, ou par I' agent, Ie representant 
legal ou Ie predecesseur en droit de celle-ci, 
(ii) dans Ie pays ou pour Ie pays OU l'a ete la demande anterieurement deposee, 
c) a la date de depot de cette autre demande -ou s'il y en a plusieurs, a la date de depot de la 
premiere demande -, la demande anterieurement deposee a ete retiree, abandonnee ou refusee, 
sans avoir ete accessible pour consultation et sans laisser subsister de droits, et n' a pas ete invoquee 
pour reclamer une priorite au Canada ou ailleurs. 
34. (1) Le paragraphe 29(1) de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit· 
Demandeur non-resident 
29. (1) Le demandeur de brevet qui ne semble pas resider ou faire des operations a une adresse specifiee 
au Canada designe, a la date de depot de sa demande, une personne ou une maison d'affaires residant 
ou faisant des operations a une adresse specifiee au Canada pour Ie representer. 
(2) Les paragraphes 29(3) a (5) de la meme loi sont abroges et remplaces par ce qui suit . 
Nouveau representant 
(3) Le demandeur de brevet ou Ie brevete : 
a) peut, par avis au commissaire, nommer un nouveau representant a la place du representant inscrit 
en dernier lieu, ou peut l'aviser d'un changement d'adresse de celui-ci; 
b) doit nommer un nouveau representant ou indiquer une nouvelle adresse exacte du representant 
inscrit en dernier lieu, sur demande du commissaire mentionnant que Ie representant inscrit en dernier 
lieu est decede ou qu'une lettre qui lui a ete envoyee par courrier ordinaire, a sa derniere adresse 
inscrite, a ete retournee par suite de non-livraison. 
Defaut de nomination ou d'indication d'adresse 
(4) Si, apres demande du commissaire, Ie demandeur ou Ie brevete ne fait aucune nouvelle nomination 
ou n'indique aucune nouvelle adresse exacte dans les trois mois, la Cour federale ou Ie commissaire 
peut statuer sur toute procedure exercee sous Ie regime de la presente loi sans exiger la signification, 
au demandeur ou au brevete, de pieces y afferentes. 
Exigibilite de la taxe 
(5) Aucun droit n'est exigible lors de la nomination d'un nouveau representant ou de I 'indication d'une 
nouvelle adresse exacte, a moins que cette nomination ou cette indication ne suive la demande du 
commissaire. En pareil cas, la taxe reglementaire est payable. 
35. L'article 30 de la meme loi est abroge. 
1992, ch 1, art. 113 
36. Les articles 33 et 34 de la meme loi sont abroges. 
L.R., ch 33 (3e supp!.), art. 11 
37. Le paragraphe 34.1 (1) de la meme loi est abrage et remplace par ce qui suit : 
DepOt 
34.1 (1) Vne personne peut deposer aupres du commissaire un dossier d' anteriorite constitue de brevets, 
de demandes de brevet accessibles au public et d'imprimes qu'elle crait avoir effet sur la brevetabilite 
de toute revendication contenue dans une demande de brevet 
L.R., ch. 33 (3" supp!.), art. 12 
38. Les paragraphes 35(2) a (4) de la meme loi sont abroges et remplaces par ce qui suit: 
Examen requis 
(2) Le commissaire peut, par avis, exiger que Ie demandeur d'un brevet fasse la requete d'examen 
visee au paragraphe (1) ou paie la taxe reglementaire dans Ie delai mentionne dans l'avis, qui ne peut 
etre plus long que celui determine pour Ie paiement de la taxe. IP/N/1/CAN/P/I 
Page 84 
39. Subsections 36(2) to (4) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Limitation of claims by applicant 
(2) Where an application (the "original application") describes more than one invention, the applicant 
may limit the claims to one invention only, and any other invention disclosed may be made the subject 
of a divisional application, if the divisional application is filed before the issue of a patent on the original 
application. 
Limitation of claims on direction of Commissioner 
(2.1) Where an application (the "original application") describes and claims more than one invention, 
the applicant shall, on the direction of the Commissioner, limit the claims to one invention only, and 
any other invention disclosed may be made the subject of a divisional application, if the divisional 
application is filed before the issue of a patent on the original application 
Original application abandoned 
(3) If an original application mentioned in subsection (2) or (2.1) becomes abandoned, the time for 
filing a divisional application terminates with the expiration of the time for reinstating the original 
application under this Act. 
Separate applications 
(4) A divisional application shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct application under this Act, 
to which its provisions apply as fully as may be, and separate fees shall be paid on the divisional 
application and it shall have the same filing date as the original application 
40 The heading preceding section 37 and section 37 of the said Act are repealed and the following 
substituted therefor 
DRAWINGS, MODELS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS 
Drawings 
37. (1) In the case of a machine, or in any other case in which an invention admits of illustration by 
means of drawings, the applicant shall, as part of the application, furnish drawings of the invention 
that clearly show all parts of the invention 
Particulars 
(2) Each drawing must include references corresponding with the specification, and the Commissioner 
may require further drawings or dispense with any of them as the Commissioner sees fit 
41. The said Act is further amended by adding thereto, immediately after section 38 thereof, the 
following sections: 
Biological material may be deposited 
38.1 (1) Where a specification refers to a deposit of biological material and the deposit is in accordance 
with the regulations, the deposit shall be considered part of the specification and, to the extent that 
subsection 27(3) cannot otherwise reasonably be complied with, the deposit shall be taken into 
consideration in determining whether the specification complies with that subsection. 
Deposit not required 
(2) For greater certainty, a reference to a deposit of biological material in a specification does not create 
a presumption that the deposit is required for the purpose of complying with subsection 27(3). 
AMENDMENTS TO SPECIFICATIONS AND DRAWINGS 
Amendments to specifications and drawings 
38.2 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and the regulations, the specification and any drawings 
furnished as part of an application for a patent in Canada may be amended before the patent is issued. 
Restriction on amendments to specifications 
(2) The specification may not be amended to describe matter not reasonably to be inferred from the 
specification or drawings as originally filed, except in so far as it is admitted in the specification that 
the matter is prior art with respect to the application. 
Restriction on amendments to drawings 
(3) Drawings may not be amended to add matter not reasonably to be inferred from the specification 
or drawings as originally filed, except in so far as it is admitted in the specification that the matter 
is prior art with respect to the application. IP/N/lICAN/P/l 
Page 8S 
39. Les paragraphes 36(2) a (4) de la meme loi sont abroges et remplaces par ce qui suit: 
Demandes complementaires 
(2) Si une demande decrit plus d'une invention, Ie demandeur peut restreindre ses revendications a 
une seule invention, toute autre invention divulguee pouvant faire l'objet d'une demande complementaire, 
si celle-ci est deposee avant la delivrance d'un brevet sur la demande originale. 
Idem 
(2.1) Si une demande decrit et revendique plus d 'une invention, Ie demandeur doit, selon les instructions 
du commissaire, restreindre ses revendications a une seule invention, toute autre invention divulguee 
pouvant faire I'objet d'une demande complementaire, si celle-ci est deposee avant la delivrance d'un 
brevet sur la demande originale. 
Abandon de la demande originale 
(3) Si la demande originale a ete abandonnee, Ie delai pour Ie depot d'une demande complementaire 
se termine a l'expiration du delai fixe pour Ie retablissement de la demande originale aux termes de 
la presente loi. 
Demandes distinctes 
(4) Une demande complementaire est consideree comme une demande distincte a laquelle la presente 
loi s'applique aussi completement que possible. Des taxes distinctes sont acquittees pour la demande 
complementaire, et sa date de depot est celIe de la demande originale. 
40. L'article 37 de Ia meme loi et l'intertitre qui Ie precede sont abroges et remplaces par ce qui suit: 
DESSINS, MODELES ET MATIERES BIOLOGIQUES 
Dessins 
37. (1) Dans Ie cas d'une machine ou dans tout autre cas ou, pour l'intelligence de l'invention, il peut 
etre fait usage de dessins, Ie demandeur fournit, avec sa demande, des dessins representant clairement 
toutes les parties de l'invention. 
Precisions 
(2) Chaque dessin comporte Ies renvois correspondant au memoire descriptif. Le commissaire peut, 
a son appreciation, exiger de nouveaux dessins ou en dispenser. 
41. La meme loi est modifiee par insertion, apres l'article 38, de ce qui suit: 
Matieres biologiques 
38.1 (1) Lorsque Ie memo ire descriptif mentionne Ie depot d'un echantillon de matieres biologiques 
et que ce depot est fait conformement aux reglements, I' echantillon est repute faire partie du memoire, 
et il en est tenu compte, dans la mesure ou les conditions visees au paragraphe 27(3) ne peuvent etre 
autrement relllPlies, pour la determination de la conformite du memoire ace paragraphe. 
Absence de presomption 
(2) Il est entendu que pareille mention n'a pas pour effet de faire du depot de l'echantillon une condition 
a remplir aux termes du paragraphe 27(3). 
MODIFICATION DU MEMOIRE DESCRIPTIF ET DES DESSINS 
Modification du memoire descriptif et des dessins 
38.2 (1) Sous reserve des paragraphes (2) et (3) et des reglements, Ie memo ire descriptif et les dessins 
faisant partie de la demande de brevet peuvent etre modifies avant la delivrance du brevet. 
Limite 
(2) Le memo ire descriptif ne peut etre modifie pour decrire des elements qui ne peuvent raisonnablement 
s'inferer de celui-ci ou des dessins faisant partie de la demande, sauf dans la mesure ou il est mentionne 
dans Ie memoire qu'il s'agit d'une invention ou decouverte anterieure. 
Idem 
(3) Les dessins ne peuvent etre modifies pour y ajouter des elements qui ne peuvent raisonnablement 
s'inferer de ceux-ci ou du memoire descriptif faisant partie de la demande, sauf dans la mesure ou 
il est mentionne dans Ie memo ire qu'il s'agit d'une invention ou decouverte anterieure. IP/N/lICAN/P/1 
Page 86 
RS., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16 
42. Sections 43 to 45 of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Fonn and duration of patents 
43. (1) Subject to section 46, every patent granted under this Act shall be issued under the seal of the 
Patent Office, and shall bear on its face the filing date of the application for the patent, the date on 
which the application became open to public inspection under section 10, the date on which the patent 
is granted and issued and any prescribed information. 
Validity of patent 
(2) After the patent is issued, it shall, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, be valid and avail 
the patentee and the legal representatives of the patentee for the term mentioned in section 44 or 45, 
whichever is applicable. 
Tenn of patents based on applications filed on or after October 1, 1989 
44. Subject to section 46, where an application for a patent is filed under this Act on or after October 
1, 1989, the term limited for the duration of the patent is twenty years from the filing date 
Tenn of patents based on applications filed before October 1, 1989 
45. Subject to section 46, the term limited for the duration of every patent issued under this Act on 
the basis of an application filed before October 1, 1989 is seventeen years from the date on which the 
patent is issued 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 16 
43. Subsection 46(2) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor· 
Lapse of tenn if maintenance fees not paid 
(2) Where the fees payable under subsection (1) are not paid within the time provided by the regulations, 
the term limited for the duration of the patent shall be deemed to have expired at the end of that time 
44. Subsections 48(2) and (3) of the said Act are repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Fonn and attestation of disclaimer 
(2) A disclaimer shall be filed in the prescribed form and manner. 
RS., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18 
45. Subsection 48.1(1) of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor 
Request for re-examination 
48.1 (1) Any person may request a re-examination of any claim of a patent by filing with the 
Commissioner prior art, consisting of patents, applications for patents open to public inspection and 
printed publications, and by paying a prescribed fee. 
R S., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18 
46. (1) Subsection 48.2(2) of the French version ofthe said Act is repealed and the following substituted 
therefor: 
Decision 
(2) Dans les trois mois suivant sa constitution, Ie conseil decide si la demande souleve un nouveau 
point de fond vis-a-vis de la brevetabilite des revendications du brevet en cause. 
RS., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18 
(2) Subsection 48.2(5) of the French version of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted 
therefor: 
Reponse 
(5) Dans les trois mois suivant la date de l'avis, Ie titulaire en cause peut expedier au conseil une reponse 
exposant ses observations sur la brevetabilite des revendications du brevet vise par l'avis. 
RS., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 18 
47. Section 48.4 of the said Act is amended by adding thereto the following subsection: 
Appeals 
(4) Subsection (3) does not apply until the time for taking an appeal has expired under subsection 48 .5(2) 
and, if an appeal is taken, subsection (3) applies only to the extent provided in the final judgment on 
the appeal. 
RS., c. 33 (3rd Supp.), s. 21 
48. Section 55 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor: 
Liability for patent infringement 
55. (1) A person who infringes a patent is liable to the patentee and to all persons claiming under the 
patentee for all damage sustained by the patentee or by any such person, after the grant of the patent, 
by reason of the infringement. L.R., ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 16 IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 87 
42. Les articles 43 a 45 de la meme loi sont abroges et remplaces par ce qui suit: 
Delivrance 
43. (1) Sous reserve de l'article 46, Ie brevet accorde sous Ie regime de la presente loi est delivre sous 
Ie sceau du Bureau des brevets. II mentionne la date de depot de la demande, celle a laquelle elle est 
devenue accessible au public sous Ie regime de l'article 10, celle a laquelle il a ete accorde et delivre 
ainsi que tout renseignement reglementaire. 
Validite 
(2) Une fois delivre, Ie brevet est, sauf preuve contraire, valide et acquis au brevete ou a ses representants 
legaux pour la periode mentionnee aux articles 44 ou 45. 
Duree du brevet 
44. Sous reserve de l'article 46, la duree du brevet delivre sur une demande deposee Ie pr octobre 
1989 ou par la suite est limitee a vingt ans a compter de la date de depot de cette demande. 
Idem 
45. Sous reserve de I' article 46, la duree du brevet delivre sur une demande deposee avant Ie 1 cr octobre 
1989 est limitee a dix-sept ans a compter de la date a laquelle il est delivre. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 16 
43. Le paragraphe 46(2) de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit: 
Peremption 
(2) En cas de non-paiement dans Ie delai reglementaire des taxes reglementaires, Ie brevet est perime. 
44. Les paragraphes 48(2) et (3) de la meme loi sont abroges et remplaces par ce qui suit : 
Forme et attestation de la renonciation 
(2) L'acte de renonciation est depose selon les modalites reglementaires, notamment de forme. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 18 
45. Le paragraphe 48.1(1) de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit: 
Demande 
48.1 (1) Chacun peut demander Ie reexamen de toute revendication d'un brevet sur depot, aupres du 
commissaire, d'un dossier d'anteriorite constitue de brevets, de demandes de brevet accessibles au 
public et d'imprimes et sur paiement des taxes reglementaires. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 18 
46. (1) Le paragraphe 48.2(2) de la version fran9aise de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce 
qui suit: 
Decision 
(2) Dans les trois mois suivant sa constitution, Ie conseil decide si la demande souleve un nouveau 
point de fond vis-a-vis de la brevetabilite des revendications du brevet en cause. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 18 
(2) Le paragraphe 48.2(5) de la version fran9aise de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui 
suit: 
Reponse 
(5) Dans les trois mois suivant la date de I 'avis, Ie titulaire en cause peut expedier au conseil une reponse 
expos ant ses observations sur la brevetabilite des revendications du brevet vise par l'avis. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 18 
47. L'article 48.4 de la meme loi est modifie par adjonction de ce qui suit: 
Appel 
(4) Le paragraphe (3) ne s'applique qu'a compter de l'expiration du delai vise au paragraphe 48.5(2). 
S'il y a appel, il ne s'applique que dans la mesure prevue par Ie jugement definitif rendu en l'espece. 
L.R., ch. 33 (3C suppl.), art. 21 
48. L'article 55 de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit: 
Contrefa~on et recours 
55. (1) Quiconque contrefait un brevet est responsable envers Ie brevete et toute personne se reclamant 
de celui-ci du dommage que cette contrefa90n leur a fait subir apres l'octroi du brevet. IP/NI1/CAN/PI 1 
Page 88 
Liability damage before patent is granted 
(2) A person is liable to pay reasonable compensation to a patentee and to all persons claiming under 
the patentee for any damage sustained by the patentee or by any of those persons by reason of any 
act on the part of that person, after the application for the patent became open to public inspection 
under section 10 and before the grant of the patent, that would have constituted an infringement of 
the patent if the patent had been granted on the day the application became open to public inspection 
under that section. 
Patentee to be a party 
(3) Unless otherwise expressly provided, the patentee shall be or be made a party to any proceeding 
under subsection (1) or (2). 
Deemed action for infringement 
(4) For the purposes of this section and sections 54 and 55.01 to 59, any proceeding under subsection 
(2) is deemed to be an action for the infringement of a patent and the act on which that proceeding 
is based is deemed to be an act of infringement of the patent. 
Limitation 
55 01 No remedy may be awarded for an act of infringement committed more than six years before 
the commencement of the action for infringement. 
49. Section 62 of the said Act is repealed and the following substituted therefor. 
Judgment voiding patent 
62. A certificate of a judgment voiding in whole or in part any patent shall, at the request of any person 
filing it to make it a record in the Patent Office, be registered in the Patent Office, and the patent, 
or such part as is voided, shall thereupon be and be held to have been void and of no effect, unless 
the judgment is reversed on appeal as provided in section 63 
1993, c. 15, ss. 52 to 56: 
52. The heading preceding section 73 and section 73 of the said Act are repealed and the following 
substituted therefor. 
ABANDONMENT AND REINSTATEMENT OF APPLICATIONS 
Deemed abandonment of applications 
73. (1) An application for a patent in Canada shall be deemed to be abandoned if the applicant does 
not 
(a) reply in good faith to any requisition made by an examiner in connection with an examination, 
within six months after the requisition is made or within any shorter period established by the 
Commissioner; 
(b) comply with a notice given pursuant to subsection 27(6), 
(c) pay the fees payable under section 27.1, within the time provided by the regulations; 
(d) make a request for examination or pay the prescribed fee under subsection 35(1) within the time 
provided by the regulations; 
(e) comply with a notice given under subsection 35(2); or 
if) pay the prescribed fees stated to be payable in a notice of allowance of patent within six months 
after the date of the notice. 
Deemed abandonment in prescribed circumstances 
(2) An application shall also be deemed to be abandoned in any other circumstances that are prescribed. 
Reinstatement 
(3) An application deemed to be abandoned under this section shall be reinstated if the applicant 
(a) makes a request for reinstatement to the Commissioner within the prescribed period; 
(b) takes the action that should have been taken in order to avoid the abandonment; and 
(c) pays the prescribed fee before the expiration of the prescribed period. 
Amendment and re-examination 
(4) An application that has been abandoned pursuant to paragraph (1)if) and reinstated is subject to 
amendment and further examination. 
Original filing date 
(5) An application that is reinstated retains its original filing date. 
53. Section 76 of the said Act is amended by adding thereto, immediately after paragraph (b) thereof, 
the following paragraph· 
(b. 1) submits or causes to be submitted, in an electronic form, any false document, false information 
or document containing false information Indemnite raisonnable IP/N/1/CANIPII 
Page 89 
(2) Est responsable envers Ie brevete et toute personne se reclamant de celui-ci, a concurrence d'une 
indemnite raisonnable, quiconque accomplit un acte leur faisant subir un dommage entre la date a laquelle 
la demande de brevet est devenue accessible au public sous Ie regime de I' article 10 et I' octroi du brevet, 
dans Ie cas ou cet acte aurait constitue une contrefac;on si Ie brevet avait ete octroye a la date ou cette 
demande est ainsi devenue accessible. 
Partie a l'action 
(3) Sauf disposition expresse contraire, Ie brevete est, ou est constitue, partie a tout recours fonde sur 
les paragraphes (1) ou (2). 
Assimilation a une action en contrefa~on 
(4) Pour l' application des autres dispositions du present article et des articles 54 et 55.01 a 59, Ie recours 
vise au paragraphe (2) est repute etre une action en contrefac;on et I'acte sur lequel il se fonde est repute 
etre un acte de contrefac;on. 
Prescription 
55 01 Tout recours visant un acte de contrefac;on se prescrit a compter de six ans de la commission 
de celui-ci 
49. L'article 62 de la meme loi est abroge et remplace par ce qui suit: 
Jugement qui annule un brevet 
62. Le certificat d'un jugement annul ant totalement ou partiellement un brevet est, a la requete de 
quiconque en fait la production pour que ce certificat soit depose au Bureau des brevets, enregistre a ce bureau. Le brevet ou telle partie du brevet qui a ete ainsi annule devient alors nul et de nul effet 
et est tenu pour tel, a moins que Ie jugement ne soit infirme en appel en vertu de l'article 63. 
1993, ch. 15, art. 52 a 56 : 
52. L'intertitre qui precede l'article 73 et l'article 73 de la meme loi sont abroges et remplaces par 
ce qui suit: 
ABANDON ET RETABLISSEMENT DES DEMANDES 
Abandon 
73. (1) La demande de brevet est consideree comme abandonnee si Ie demandeur omet, selon Ie cas: 
a) de rt!pondre de bonne foi, dans Ie cadre d'un examen, a toute demande de l'examinateur, dans 
les six mois suivant cette demande ou dans Ie delai plus court determine par Ie commissaire; 
b) de se conformer a l'avis mentionne au paragraphe 27(6); 
c) de payer, dans Ie delai reglementaire, les taxes visees a l' article 27.1; 
d) de presenter la requete visee au paragraphe 35(1) ou de payer la taxe reglementaire dans Ie delai 
reglementaire; 
e) de se conformer a I'avis mentionne au paragraphe 35(2); 
f) de payer les taxes reglementaires mentionnees dans I'avis d'acceptation de la demande de brevet 
dans les six mois suivant celui-ci. 
Idem 
(2) Elle est aussi consideree comme abandonnee dans les circonstances reglementaires. 
Retablissement 
(3) Elle peut etre retablie si Ie demandeur : 
a) presente au commissaire, dans Ie delai reglementaire, une requete a cet effet; 
b) prend les mesures qui s'imposaient pour eviter l'abandon, 
c) paie les taxes reglementaires avant I'expiration de la periode reglementaire. 
Modification et reexamen 
(4) La demande abandonnee au titre de l'alinea (l)f) et retablie par la suite est sujette a modification 
et a nouvel examen 
Date de depOt originelle 
(5) La demande retablie conserve sa date de depot. 
53. L'article 76 de la meme loi est modifie par insertion, apres l'alinea b), de ce qui suit: 
b.l) remet ou fait remettre, sous forme electronique, de faux documents ou renseignements ou des 
documents renfermant des renseignements faux. IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 90 
54. Section 77 of the said Act is repealed. 
55. The said Act is further amended by adding thereto, immediately after section 78 thereof, the 
following heading and sections: 
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 
Patent applications filed before October 1, 1989 
78.1 (1) Applications for patents in Canada filed before October 1, 1989 shall be dealt with and disposed 
of in accordance with the provisions of this Act as they read immediately before that date and section 
38.1 as it read immediately after this section came into force. 
Patents issued before October 1, 1989 
(2) Subject to section 78.5, any matter arising on or after October 1, 1989 in respect of a patent issued 
before that date shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with the provisions of this Act as 
they read immediately before that date and section 38.1 as it read immediately after this section came 
into force. 
Patents issued on or after October 1, 1989 on the basis of previously filed applications 
78 2 Subject to section 78.5, any matter arising on or after October 1, 1989 in respect of a patent issued 
on or after that date on the basis of an application filed before that date, shall be dealt with and disposed 
of in accordance with the provisions ofthis Act, other than section 46, as they read immediately before 
that date, and with sections 38 1, 45, 46 and 48 1 to 48.5 as they read immediately after this section 
came into force. 
Previous version of section 43 applies 
78.3 (1) Where a conflict, as defined in section 43 as it read immediately before October 1, 1989, 
exists between an application for a patent in Canada filed before October 1, 1989 (the "earlier 
application ") and an application for a patent in Canada filed on or after that date (the "later application ") 
and 
(a) the later application is filed by a person who is entitled to protection under the terms of any 
treaty or convention relating to patents to which Canada is a party and who has previously regularly 
filed in or for any other country that by treaty, convention or law affords similar protection to citizens 
of Canada an application for a patent describing the same invention, 
(b) the later application is filed within twelve months after the filing of the previously regularly 
filed application, 
(c) the applicant in the later application has made a request for priority in respect of that application 
on the basis of the previously regularly filed application, and 
(d) the earlier application is filed after the filing of the previously regularly filed application, 
the applicant having the earlier date of invention shall be entitled to a patent and the applications shall 
be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with section 43, as it read immediately before October 
1, 1989. 
Exception 
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if 
(a) the earlier application is filed by a person who is entitled to protection under the terms of any 
treaty or convention relating to patents to which Canada is a party and who has previously regularly 
filed in or for any other country that by treaty, convention or law affords similar protection to citizens 
of Canada an application for a patent describing the same invention; 
(b) the earlier application is filed within twelve months after the filing of the previously regularly 
filed application mentioned in paragraph (a); 
(c) the applicant in the earlier application has made a request for priority in respect of that application 
on the basis of the previously regularly filed application mentioned in paragraph (a); and 
(d) the previously regularly filed application mentioned in paragraph (a) was filed before the filing 
of the previously regularly filed application mentioned in subsection (1). 
Patent applications filed on or after October 1, 1989 
78.4 (1) Applications for patents in Canada filed on or after October 1, 1989, but before this section 
came into force, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance with 
(a) subsection 27(2) as it read immediately before this section came into force, and 
(b) the provisions of this Act, including subsection 27(2), as they read immediately after this section 
came into force. 54. L'article 77 de la meme loi est abroge. 
55. La meme loi est modifiee par insertion, apres l'article 78, de ce qui suit: 
DISPOSITIONS TRANSITOIRES 
Demandes deposees avant Ie 1 er octobre 1989 IP/N/1/CAN/P/1 
Page 91 
78.1 (1) Les demandes de brevet deposees avant Ie 1 er octobre 1989 sont regies par la presente loi dans 
sa version anterieure a cette date et par I' article 38.1 dans sa version ulterieure a I' entree en vigueur 
du present article. 
Brevets delivres avant Ie 1 er octobre 1989 
(2) Sous reserve de l'article 78.5, les affaires survenant, Ie 1 er octobre 1989 ou par la suite, relativement 
aux brevets delivres avant cette date sont regies par la presente loi dans sa version anterieure a cette 
date et par l'article 38.1 dans sa version ulterieure a l'entree en vigueur du present article 
Brevets delivres Ie 1 er octobre 1989 on par Ia suite sur demande anterienre 
78.2 Sous reserve de I 'article 78 5, les affaires survenant, Ie ler octobre 1989 ou par lasuite, relativement a un brevet delivre ce jour ou par la suite au titre d'une demande de brevet deposee avant Ie 1 er octobre 
1989 sont regies par les dispositions de la presente loi, a I 'exception de l'article 46, dans leur version 
anterieure a cette date et par les articles 38.1,45,46 et 48.1 a 48.5, dans leur version ulterieure a 
l'entree en vigueur du present article. 
Version ariterieure de l' article 43 
78.3 (1) En cas de conflit, au sens de I' article 43 dans sa version anterieure au 1 er octobre 1989, entre 
une demande de brevet deposee avant cette date et une demande deposee a compter de ceUe-ci, les 
demandes sont regies par cet article dans sa version anterieure a cette date, et Ie demandeur dont 
l'invention est anterieure a droit au brevet si les conditions suivantes sont reunies : 
a) la seconde demande est deposee par une personne dont les droits sont proteges par traite ou 
convention, relatif aux brevets, auquelle Canada est partie, et qui a anterieurement depose selon 
les regles, dans un autre pays ou pour un autre pays qui accorde par traite, convention ou loi une 
protection similaire aux citoyens du Canada, une demande de brevet decrivant la meme invention, 
b) la seconde demande est deposee dans les douze mois du depot de la demande deposee 
anterieurement; 
c) la personne qui a depose la seconde demande a presente, a l'egard de ceUe-ci, une demande de 
priorite fondee sur la demande deposee anterieurement, 
d) la demande deposee anterieurement l'a ete avant Ie depot de la premiere demande 
Exception 
(2) Le paragraphe (1) ne s'applique pas si les conditions suivantes sont reunies : 
a) la premiere demande est deposee par une personne qui a depose anterieurement une demande 
de brevet dans les circonstances visees a l'alinea (l)a); 
b) la premiere demande est deposee dans les douze mois du depot de la demande deposee 
anterieurement, 
c) la personne qui a deposee la premiere demande a presente, a l'egard de ceUe-ci, une demande 
de priorite fondee sur la demande deposee anterieurement, 
d) la demande deposee anterieurement l'a ete avant celIe deposee anterieurement par la personne 
vi see a l'alinea (l)a). 
Demandes de brevet deposees Ie 1 er octobre on par la suite 
78.4 (1) Les demandes de brevet deposees Ie ler octobre 1989 ou par la suite, mais avant l'entree en 
vigueur du present article, sont regies par Ie paragraphe 27(2) dans sa version anterieure a l'entree 
en vigueur du present article et par les dispositions de la presente loi, y compris Ie paragraphe 27(2), 
dans leur version ulterieure a l'entree en vigueur du present article. IP/N/lICAN/P/l 
Page 92 
Patents issued on or after October 1, 1989 
(2) Any matter arising in respect of a patent issued on the basis of an application filed on or after October 
1, 1989, but before this section came into force, shall be dealt with and disposed of in accordance 
with 
(a) subsection 27(2) as it read immediately before this section came into force; and 
(b) the provisions of this Act, including subsection 27(2), as they read after this section came into 
force and as amended from time to time. 
Application 
78.5 The provisions of this Act that apply as provided in subsection 78.1(2) and section 78 2 shall 
be read subject to any amendments to this Act coming into force 
(a) after October 1, 1989 and before this section came into force; or 
(b) after this section came into force. 
R.S., c. 33 (3rd Supp ) 
AN ACT TO AMEND THE PATENT ACT AND TO PROVIDE FOR CERTAIN MATTERS IN 
RELATION THERETO 
56 Sections 28 to 30 of An Act to amend the Patent Act and to provide for certain matters in relation 
thereto are repealed 
1993, c. 44, s. 199: 
Transitional provisions respecting Bill 5-17 
199. If Bill S-17, introduced in the third session of the thirty-fourth Parliament and entitled An Act 
to amend the Copyright Act, the Industrial Design Act, the Integrated Circuit Topography Act, the 
Patent Act, the Trade-marks Act and other Acts in consequence thereof, is assented to, the following 
provisions apply: 
(a) .. . 
(b) .. . 
Patent not to affect previous purchaser 
56. (1) Every person who, before the claim date of a claim in a patent has purchased, constructed or 
acquired the subject matter defined by the claim, has the right to use and sell to others the specific 
article, machine, manufacture or composition of matter patented and so purchased, constructed or 
acquired without being liable to the patentee or the legal representatives of the patentee for so doing. 
(c) if subsection 56(1) of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 194 of this Act, comes into force 
before the day on which section 28.1 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 33 of Bill S-17, comes 
into force, then, on the day on which section 28 1 of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 33 of 
Bill S-17 comes into force, subsection 56(1) of the Patent Act, as enacted by section 194 of this 
Act, is repealed and subsection 56(1), as set out in paragraph (b), is substituted therefor; and 
(d) ... Brevets delivres Ie 1 er octobre ou par Ia suite IP/NIlICAN/PI 1 
Page 93 
(2) Les affaires survenant relativement aux brevets delivres au titre de demandes de brevet deposees 
Ie 1er octobre 1989 ou par la suite, mais avant l'entree en vigueur du present article, sont regies par 
Ie paragraphe 27(2) dans sa version anterieure a l'entree en vigueur du present article et par les 
dispositions de la presente loi, y compris Ie paragraphe 27(2), dans leur version modifiee par la presente 
loi et par toute modification ulterieure. 
Application 
78.5 Les dispositions vi sees au paragraphe 78 1(2) et a l'article 78.2 s'appliquent compte tenu des 
modifications apportees ala presente loi soit apres Ie 1er octobre 1989 mais avant I'entree en vigueur 
du present article, soit apres l'entree en vigueur de celui-ci. 
L.R , ch. 33 (3e suppl ) 
LOI MODIFIANT LA LOI SUR LES BREVETS ET PREVOY ANT CERTAINES 
DISPOSITIONS CONNEXES 
56 Les articles 28 a 30 de la Loi modifiant La Loi sur les brevets et prevoyant certaines dispositions 
connexes sont abroges. 
1993, ch. 44, art. 199 : 
Dispositions transitoires relatives au projet de Ioi S-17 
199. En cas de sanction du projet de loi S-17, depose au cours de la troisieme session de Ia 
trente-quatrieme legislature et intitule Loi modifiant la Loi sur Ie droit d'auteur, la Loi sur les dessins 
industriels, la Loi sur les topographies de circuits integres, la Loi sur les brevets, la Loi sur les marques 
de commerce et d'autres lois en consequence: 
a) 
b) . 
Droit de I'acquereur anterieur 
56 (1) Quiconque, avant la date de revendication d'une demande de brevet, achete, execute ou acquiert 
I'objet que definit la revendication peut utiliser et vendre l'article, la machine, l'objet manufacture 
ou la composition de matieres brevetes ainsi achetes, executes ou acquis avant cette date sans encourir 
de responsabilite envers Ie brevete ou ses representants legaux. 
c) s' il entre en vigueur avant l' article 28.1 de la Loi sur les brevets, dans sa version edictee par 
1 'article 33 du projet de loi S-17, leparagraphe 56(1) de laLoi sur les brevets, dans sa versionedictee 
par l' article 194 de la presente loi, est, a l' entree en vigueur de l' article 28 1 de la Loi sur les brevets, 
dans sa version edictee par l'article 33 du projet de loi S-17, abroge et remplace par sa version 
edictee par l' alinea b); 
d) ...