WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONIP/C/W/305/Add.1
18 September 2001
(01-4417)
Council for Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property RightsOriginal:  English
TECHNICAL COOPERATION ACTIVITIES:  INFORMATION
FROM OTHER INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
Addendum
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
The present document reproduces the information on technical and financial cooperation
activities relevant to the implementation of the TR IPS Agreement, which has been received from the
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by means of a communication dated 28 August 2001.
_______________
The present document reproduces the FAO's communication of 28 August 2001 and its
attachments (note and related annexes).IP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 2
Communication of Mr. Guiliano Pucci, Legal Counsel,
to the Chairman of the Council for TRIPS
Rome, 28 August 2001
Dear Ambassador Chidyausiku,
I refer to your letter dated 10 July 2001 to the Director of the FAO Liaison Office in Geneva
requesting updated information on technical and financial cooperation programmes operated by theOrganization in the area of intellectual property th at are relevant to the implementation of the TRIPS
Agreement.
I am pleased to send you the attached note and related annexes prepared by my Office in
cooperation with the Agricultural Policy Support Se rvice, the Policy Assistance Division and the
Technical Cooperation Department of FAO.  External donors funded the activities described.
In addition, you may wish to note that in the framework of its own Technical Cooperation
Programme, the Organization has designed and impl emented the following two projects in Seychelles
and in Syria:
- TCP/SEY/8922 - The main objective of this project was  to strengthen Plant Genetic Resources
conservation and utilization programmes and to safeguard such resources in the country. FAO
Legal Office has prepared a draft of legislation and regulations that will govern the conservation,
utilization and exchange of PGR.
- TCP/SYR/0166 - Its aim is to develop a legislative framework aiming at protecting and regulating
the use and exchange of Plant Genetic Resources available in the country. It will also ensure
adequate protection of the national Plant Genetic Resources and enable the country to meet its
international obligations in this field.
I hope that such information will enable the Council for TRIPS, that is placed under your
chairmanship, to have a picture as complete as possible of the availability of technical assistance in
the field.IP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 3
FAO technical cooperation programmes in the field of intellectual property
relevant to the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement
1. Aims
As part of its mandate to continue assisting developing countries on agricultural trade issues,
FAO launched in 1999 a world-wide Umbrella Tr aining Programme on the Uruguay Round Follow
Up and Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture.
The goal of this programme was to improve the understanding of the WTO Agreements
affecting agriculture, fishery and forestry by officials involved in the negotiations, and in particularthe TRIPS Agreement.
To that effect, a Resource Manual on Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture  was
produced as background material for the fourteen sub-regional workshops which were organised
during the period 1999-2001 for 800 specialists from 140 countries.  While this Manual was madeavailable in English, French, Spanish and Arabic, the various seminars and lectures were conducted
and made in English, French and Spanish.
The Programme covered in particular an introduction to the TRIPS Agreement and in-depth
presentation and discussions on its provisions relevant to agriculture.
At the end of this considerable exercise, a review of the programme has been carried out
consolidating the evaluations and recommendations made by participants.  It is available under:
http://www.fao.org/ur/umbrella.htm
2. Seminars on TRIPS
The structure and subjects reviewed during the seminars specifically dedicated to the TRIPS
Agreements may be summarized as follows:
General Introduction
- Basic concepts of intellectual property rights;- Intellectual property rights and their relation with trade;- Intellectual property rights and their relation with the conservation and sustainable
use of biological diversity.
Introduction to the TRIPS Agreement
- Annex 1C of the Marrakesh Agreement;- Basic principles, objectives, transitional and final provisions;- Standards concerning the availability, scope and use of intellectual property rights:
copyright, trademarks, industrial designs, layout-designs of integrated circuits,undisclosed information, control of anti-competitive practices in contractual licences.
Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement relevant to agriculture
- Geographical indications (Articles 22-24);IP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 4
- Patent protection for agricultural chem ical products (Articles 70.8 and 70.9);
- Patents (Articles 27-34).
Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement
- Recognition of "formal" and "informal" innovation;- Farmer’s Rights.
Article 27.3(b) and related international agreements
- FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources and the Commission on
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture;
- International Code of Conduct for Plant Germplasm Collecting and Transfer;
- Leipzig Declaration and Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture;
- Convention on Biological Diversity;
- Agenda 21;
- UPOV Conventions.
Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement
- Drafting and enacting national legislation (“ sui generis”  systems);
- Organising the relevant institutional aspects.
Recommendations and strategies to meet existing obligations and to prepare for future negotiations
- Regional problems, needs and priorities in the implementation of the TRIPS
Agreement.  Related technical assistance;
- 1999 review of the provisions of Article 27.3(b);
- 2000 review of the TRIPS Agreement;
- Development of a regional position.
3. Results and recommendations
Among the general recommendations made by the participants, the following were common
to every seminar:
3.1 General recommendations
To FAO, WTO and other international institutions
- Assist in strengthening national institutions and analytical capacity to enable
countries to better understand the implications of the agreements, analyse variousIP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 5
proposals and participate effectively in both the WTO and other multilateral
arrangements;
- Take into account the special requirements and needs of countries acceding to WTO,
particularly LDCs, with a view to their obtaining the same rights as other WTOmembers;
- Effectively implement the fast track approach suggested by some WTO members;- FAO should assist countries to prepare regional studies on the long term vision and
strategy for agricultural development in the context of their food security concerns
and the changing global environment;
- FAO should identify focal points in each country in order to follow-up the
implementation of the recommendations of the WTO Workshops;
To national governments and regional institutions
- Ensure that agreements they negotiate with institutions such as the IMF and WB do
not impact adversely on their efforts to apply Green Box measures;
- Establish National Committees in charge of the preparation and conduction of the
multilateral negotiations, with the participation of the various concerned ministries
and actors of the civil society (entrepreneurs, producers and workers associations, andONGs);
- In negotiating and implementing the multilateral agreements, trade considerations
should be closely linked to the needs of economic and social development and, in
particular, food security, rural development and poverty alleviation;
- Clearly identify national problems and interests regarding the texts signed in 1994 at
Marrakech.  When possible this would lead to the preparation of regionally
harmonised positions for the forthcoming multilateral negotiations;
- Countries should strengthen their regional/sub-regional trade organizations and use
them to develop common positions in multilateral negotiations;
3.2 Specific recommendations on trade-re lated intellectual property rights
To FAO, WTO and other international institutions
- Provide technical assistance for the elaboration of national legislation and assist in the
development of courses and public awareness programmes;
- Provide technical assistance for the elaboration of the elements of a sui generis
system and other alternative systems.
To national governments and regional institutions
- Build capacity and take part in future WTO negotiations;
- Raise public awareness on major TRIPS related issues and encourage the private
sector at large to participate in the formulation of the country’s position at various
stages of multilateral negotiations;IP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 6
- the regional level, streamline and co-ordinate the negotiating positions, consult in the
development of a scheme of protection of informal innovations and farmer’s rights;
- ct appropriate sui generis  legislation in order to comply with the TRIPS agreement
and to protect both "formal" and "informal" innovations;
- consider and examine the use of "geographical indications" on granting IPR for
informal innovations and traditional knowledge;
- Enact legislation to regulate and encourage safe use of modern bio-technology
(GMOs) as well as the access to biological resources, in order to prevent the
indiscriminate exploitation of bio-diversity;
- Strive to strengthen negotiating positions in the WTO during review meetings, in
particular by submitting proposals to the TRIPS Council.IP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 7
Annex 1
LIST OF WORKSHOPS AND PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES
Venue and Dates Participating countries
AFRICA
Dakar, Sénégal
(4-8 October 1999)Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Guinea, Guinea
Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo   (11)
Yaoundé, Cameroun
(4-8 December 2000)Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Madagascar, Rwanda, Sao Tome and
Principe(12)
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(15-19 January 2001)Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Sudan(10)
Lusaka, Zambia
(8-12 January 2001)Angola, Botswana, Eritrea, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe(13)
ASIA AND PACIFIC
Los Baños, Philippines
(4-8 December 2000)Cambodia, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam(9)
Kathmandu, Nepal
(27 Nov.- 1 Dec. 2000)Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Maldives, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka(9)
Nuku’alofa, Tonga 1
(9-13 July 2001)Cook Island, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Niue, Palau,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Island, Tonga,
Vanuatu(11)
EUROPE2
Prague 1, Czech Republic
(4-8 October 1999)Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Turkey(13)
Prague 2, Czech Republic
(10-14 January 2000)Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia,
Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyz Republic, FYR of Macedonia,
Moldova, Tijikistan, Turkmenistan(11)
                                                     
1  Invited countries to the workshop to be held on July 2001.
2 Prague 1:  Countries with more advanced transition reforms, already WTO members and that have
entered the process of accession to EU.  Prague 2:  WTO would-be member countries or WTO member
countries not yet candidates to accession to the EU, an d countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States
(CIS).IP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 8
Venue and Dates Participating countries
LATIN AMERICA and the CARIBBEAN
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
(7-11 June 1999)Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panamá, República Dominicana(8)
Santa Cruz, Bolivia
(29 May – 2 June 2000)Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
México, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, Venezuela(11)
Kingston, Jamaica
(23-27 October 2000)Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin
Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana,
Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St Kitts and Nevis, St  Lucia,
St Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago(16)
NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA
Cairo, Egypt
(26-30 September 1999)Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya,
Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen(11)
Muscat, Oman
(16-20 September 2000)Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United
Arab Emirates(6)IP/C/W/305/Add.1
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Annex 2
REGIONAL PROFILE/AFFILIATION OF PARTICIPANTS
AFRICA
Africa Total
Dakar Yaoundé Addis Ababa Lusaka Number %
Ministry of Agriculture
-  Policy/trade/int. relations 12 15 17 16 60 22.30
-  Technical areas 27 23 15 32 97 36.06
Ministry of Trade, etc.* 17 20 30 17 84 31.23
Univ./Research/Private 3 3 10 6 22 8.18
Ministry  of Health 3 1 4 1.49
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1 1 2 0.74
TOTAL 62 61 73 73 269 100.00
*  Includes ministries or departments dealing with trade, economics, industry and standards
ASIA
Asia Total
Affiliation Los Baños Kathmandu Number %
Ministry of Agriculture
-  Policy/trade/int. relations 18 11 29 29.59
-  Technical areas 22 21 43 43.88
Ministry of Trade, etc.* 8 10 18 18.37
Univ./Research/Private 2 5 7 7.14
Ministry  of Health 1 0 1 1.02Ministry of Foreign
Affairs00 0 -
TOTAL 51 47 98 100.00
*  Includes ministries or departments dealing with trade, economics, industry and standardsIP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 10
EUROPE
EuropeTotal
Affiliation Prague 1
CEECsPrague 2
(CIS+Balkan)Number %
Ministry of Agriculture
-  Policy/trade/int. relations 26 9 35 24.48
-  Technical areas 36 21 57 39.86
Ministry of Trade, etc.* 7 16 23 16.08
Univ./Research/Private 14 6 20 13.99
Ministry  of Health 1 2 3 2.10Ministry of Foreign
Affairs41 5 -
TOTAL 88 55 143 100.00
*  Includes ministries or departments dealing with trade, economics, industry and standards
Prague 1 - Countries with more advanced transition reforms, already WTO members and that have entered
the process of accession to the EU (October 1999)Prague2 - WTO would-be member countries or WTO members that are not yet candidates to accession to theEU, and countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (January 2000)
NEAR EAST
Near East Total
Affiliation Cairo Muscat Number %
Ministry of Agriculture
-  Policy/trade/int. relations 23 15 38 28.79
-  Technical areas 20 42 62 46.97
Ministry of Trade, etc.* 6 9 15 11.36
Univ./Research/Private 10 10 7.58
Ministry  of Health 2 2 1.52
Ministry of Foreign
Affairs23 5 3 . 7 9
TOTAL 51 81 132 100.00IP/C/W/305/Add.1
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LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN
L. American Total
Affiliation Tegucigalpa Santa Cruz Kingston Number %
Ministry of Agriculture
-  Policy/trade/int. relations 13 16 17 46 27.06
-  Technical areas 8 15 26 49 28.82
Ministry of Trade, etc.* 11 11 12 34 20.00
Univ./Research/Private 2 9 11 22 12.94
Ministry  of Health 3 1 4 2.35
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3 7 5 15 8.82
TOTAL 40 59 59 170 100.00IP/C/W/305/Add.1
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Annex 3
STANDARD STRUCTURE AND TRAINING CONTENT OF THE WORKSHOPS
1st DAY:  PLENARY
“Introduction and General Topics”
/g167 Opening Remarks
/g167 Introduction to the Workshop Programme
Session 1:
1.1 The role of agricultural trade in economic development: theory and experiences
1.2 Agricultural trade in the Region/Sub-Regi on: major trends and emerging policy issues
Session 2: Agricultural Trade and the GATT/WTO System
2.1 Basic principles of GATT/WTO on international trade
2.2 Agricultural trade issues addressed by the Uruguay Round
2.3 What did the Uruguay Round achieve for agricultural trade?
2.4 Disputes settlement mechanism
2.5 What is likely to happen in the forthcoming rounds?
Session 3: Introduction to the Key Agreements
3.1 Agreement on Agriculture
2.2 SPS & TBT
3.3 TRIPS
3.4 Other Agreements
Session 4: Emerging and Important Issues for the Region
2nd, 3rd and 4th DAYS:  PARALLEL SEMINARS
Seminar 1:  Agreement on Agriculture
2nd DAY
Session 1: Domestic Support Measures
1.1 What was done in the AoA
1.2 Issues being raised and what may happen
1.3 Issues of concern for developing countries
Session 2: Domestic Support Measures - continuedIP/C/W/305/Add.1
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Session 3: Export Subsidies
3.1 GATT 1994 and AoA rules on export subsidies
3.2 What is happening?
3.3 What may happen?3.4 Issues of interest to developing countries
Session 4: Setting Tariff Levels
4.1 How were bound tariffs set in the AoA
4.2 What may happen in the next round?
4.3 Issues of concern for developing countries
3
rd DAY
Session 1: Access to Import Markets
1.1 Market access - MFN access, preferential access and Tariff Rate Quotas
1.2 An overview of post-UR situation on market access
1.3 What may happen in next round
1.4 Issues of concern for developing countries
Session 2: Contingency Protection in the UR
2.1 Why are contingency measures important?
2.2 What are these? in GATT 1994 and in AoA
2.3 What are the key issues?2.4 What may happen?
2.5 Issues of interest to developing countries
Session 3: Continuing the Reform Process in Agriculture: Article 20 Issues
3.1 Various issues addressed by Article 20
3.2 Articulation of interests in these areas3.3 What can be done in the next round?
Session 4: Decision on Measures for LDCs and NFIDCs
4.1 An introduction to the Decision
4.2 Food situation of LDCs and NFIDCs
4.3 What is being done at the WTO on the Decision ?
4.5 How can the Decision  be made more effective?
4
th DAY
Session 1: SDT for Least Developed and Developing Countries
1.1 SDTs in the UR – where are they?
1.2 Practical significance of the SDTs1.3 Developing country experience with SDT so far
1.4 What can be done further?IP/C/W/305/Add.1
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Session 2: GATT 1994, Other Agreements and Understandings and the AoA
2.1 Other Agreements/Understandings affecting agricultural trade which are of particular
importance for agriculture
2.2 What may happen in the next round?
Session 3: Safeguarding Food Security
3.1 The concept of food security
3.2 How are these related to the UR?
3.3 Current extent of flexibility within the UR
3.4 What is likely to happen to this flexibility?3.5 Is more flexibility needed?
Session 4: Preparation for Future Negotiations and Technical Assistance Needs in the Region
4.1 Preparation for future negotiations - Strategy and issues
4.2 Technical assistance needs.
Seminar 2:  SPS & TBT Agreements
2
nd DAY
 
 Session 1: Overview of the SPS and TBT Agreements
 
1.1 Review of the SPS Agreement
History of Development
Provisions, Basic Rights and Obligations
 
1.2 Review of the TBT Agreement
 
Session 2: Harmonization with International Standards, Guidelines and Recommendations
2.1 Introduction to the Codex A limentarius Commission (CAC)
2.2 Introduction to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)2.3 Introduction to the Office International des Epizooties (OIE)
 
Session 3: Necessary Components at the National Level
3.1 Appropriate Legislation
3.2 Necessary Control Capacities
 - Administrative
 - Inspection
 - Analytical
 - Import/export inspection and certification  (presentations on food quality and safety, plant protection, and animal health)
Session 4: Necessary Components at the National Level (continued)IP/C/W/305/Add.1
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3rd DAY
Session 1:  Risk Analysis
1.1 Assessment of Risk and Determination of the Appropriate Level of Sanitary or
Phytosanitary Protection - Article 5 of the SPS Agreement
1.2 Risk Analysis and Codex
Session 2: Risk Analysis (continued)
2.1 Risk Analysis and the IPPC
2.2 Risk Analysis and OIE
Session 3: Implications of the SPS and TBT Agreements for Forestry and Fisheries
3.1 Forestry
3.2 Fisheries
Session 4: Regional Issues Related to the SPS/TBT Agreements
4.1 Overview of Problems
4.1.1 Food control4.1.2 Plant protection
4.1.3 Animal health
4
th DAY
Session 1: Discussion of Regional Issues
(Based on Issues identified by participants and by the regional Policy Assistance
Branches (PABs) and the Sub-regional Policy Assistance Units (PAUs))
Session 2: FAO Technical Assistance Related to the SPS and TBT Agreements
(Prepared by ESN, AGP, AGA, FII, FOP)
Session 3: Technical Assistance Needs in the Region
Session 4: Development of Recommendations and Strategies to Meet Existing Obligations of the
SPS/TBT Agreements and to Prepare for Future Negotiations
Seminar 3:  TRIPS Agreement
2nd DAY
Session 1: Introduction
1.1 Basic concepts of intellectual property rights
1.2 Intellectual property rights and their relation with trade
1.3 Intellectual property rights and their relation with the conservation and sustainable
use of biological diversity
Session 2: Introduction to the TRIPS Agreement
2.1 Annex 1C of the Marrakesh Agreement
2.2 Basic principles, objectives, transitional and final provisionsIP/C/W/305/Add.1
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2.3 Standards concerning the availability, scope and use of intellectual property
rights:copyright, trademarks, industrial designs, layout-designs of integrated circuits,
undisclosed information, control of anti-competitive practices in contractual licences
Session 3: Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement Relevant to Agriculture (I Part)
3.1 Geographical indications (Articles 22-24)
3.2 Patent protection for agricultural ch emical products (Articles 70.8 and 70.9)
Session 4: Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement Relevant to Agriculture (II Part)
4.1 Patents (Articles 27-34)
3rd DAY
Session 1: Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement (I Part)
1.1 Recognition of "formal" and "informal" innovation
1.2 Farmer’s Rights
Session 2: Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement (II Part: Related International 
Agreements)
2.1 FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources and the Commission on
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Session 3: Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement (II Part: Related International 
Agreements)
3.1 International Code of Conduct for Plant Germplasm Collecting and Transfer
3.2 Leipzig Declaration and Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Session 4: Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement (II Part: Related International 
Agreements)
4.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
4.2 Agenda 21
4th DAY
Session 1: Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement (II Part: Related International 
Agreements)
1.1 UPOV Conventions
Session 2: Implementation of Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement (II Part)
2.1 Drafting and enacting national legislation (“ sui generis”  systems).
Session 3: Recommendations and Strategies to Meet Existing Obligations and to Prepare for
Future Negotiations (I Part)IP/C/W/305/Add.1
Page 17
3.1 Regional problems, needs and priorities in the implementation of the TRIPS
Agreement.  Related technical assistance
Session 4: Recommendations and Strategies to Meet Existing Obligations and to Prepare for
Future Negotiations (II Part: TRIPS review negotiations)
4.1 1999 review of the provisions of Article 27.3(b)
4.2 2000 review of the TRIPS Agreement
4.3 Development of a regional position
5th DAY:  PLENARY SESSIONS
Cross-Cutting Issues
Session 1: Report on Conclusions from Semina r 1 (AoA) followed by open discussion on:
1.1 Identification of common issues and positions
1.2 Preparations at the national and regional levels
1.3 Technical assistance
Session 2: Report on Conclusions from Seminar 2 (SPS&TBT) followed by open discussion on:
2.1 Identification of common issues and positions
2.2 Preparations at the national and regional levels
2.3 Technical assistance
Session 3: Report on Conclusions from Semina r 3 (TRIPS) followed by open discussion on:
3.1 Identification of common issues and positions
3.2 Preparations at the national and regional levels
3.3 Technical assistance
Session 4: Workshop EvaluationIP/C/W/305/Add.1
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Annex 4
LIST OF MAIN COLLABORATING INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS
AFRICAN WORKSHOPS
- Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA)
- Conseil phytosanitaire interafricain – OUA
- Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle (OAPI)
- World Trade Organization (WTO) – Agriculture and Commodities Division.
- European Commission (EC)- ACP General Secretariat
- UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
- Organization of African Unity (OAU)
- Southern African Development Community (SADC)
- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
ASIAN WORKSHOPS
- WTO - Agriculture and Commodities Division
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)- Intergovernmental Organization for Marketing Information and Technical Advisory Services
for Fishery Products in the Asia and Pacific Region (INFOFISH)
CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN WORKSHOPS
- United Nations Conference on Tr ade and Development (UNCTAD)
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN WORKSHOPS
- Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA)
- UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL)
- WTO - Agriculture and Commodities Division; Economic Affairs)- Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI)
- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
- European Commission (EC)
- Caribbean Community Secretariat (CARICOM)
- Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery- Caribbean Producers Organisations (poultry and bananas)
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA WORKSHOPS
- Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA).
- Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for the Islamic Countries
(SESRTCIC)
__________