RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
25 February 1999 
 (99-0743) 
Working Party on the  
Accession of Estonia Original:   English 
 
 
 
WORKING PARTY ON THE ACCESSION OF ESTONIA 
 
 
Preliminary List  
 
 
  The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Estonia has submitted the following preliminary list of concessions and commitments in services on a provisional basis. 
 
_______________ 
 
   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market acce ss Limitations on national treatment Additional 
commitments 
1. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS  
All sectors 4)Unbound, excep t for measures concerning temporary entry and stay in Estonia of natural 
persons (hereafter ‘persons’) supplying the services listed in the part of Specific 
Commitments of this schedule (hereafter ‘sp ecific services’) and who are nationals of 
another member and who fall into the categories listed below: 1,2) Only Estonian taxpayers, i.e. 
those legal persons registered 
under Estonian Law and Estonian citizens are eligible for national   
 Section 1:Essential persons transferred to  Estonia within a business or company 
providing the specific services (intra-corpo rate transferees) as of the year 1999: 
Section 1 covers employees of a company (h ereafter ‘enterprise’) providing the specific 
services in Estonia through a branch, subsidiary or affiliate of this enterprise established in 
Estonia and who have been beforehand employees of this enterprise based outside Estonia 
for a period with the duration of no less than one year immediately preceding the date of submitting their application for entry and stay in Estonia: subsidies of Estonia. 
4)Unbound except for measures 
concerning the categories of natural persons referred to in the 
column ‘Limitations on market 
access’.  
 a)  Executives and senior managers:  
persons who primarily direct the enterprise or  one of its departments and who receive only 
general supervision or direction from high-level executives, the board of directors or the 
stockholders of this enterprise. Executives and senior managers do not directly perform tasks 
related to the actual provision of the specific services by their enterprise.    
 b)  Specialists:  
highly qualified persons who, within their ente rprise, are essentially needed for the provision 
of a specific service by reason of their knowledge  at an advanced level of expertise in the 
field of services, research equipment, techniques or management of this enterprise. (The 
category of specialists may include, but is not limited to, members of licensed professions.)   
  
Entry and stay in Estonia for the persons covered by Section 1 is limited to a three-year 
period that may be extended for up to two additional years for a total term not to exceed five years.   
    
    
     
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 Page 3Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market acce ss Limitations on national treatment Additional 
commitments 
 Section 2: Other essential persons entering and staying in Estonia: 
a)  Services Salespersons:   Persons employed or mandated by an enterprise and who stay 
temporarily in Estonia in order to conclude the contract for the sale of a service on behalf of 
the enterprise which employs them or has mandated them. Services salespersons may not sell 
services directly to the general public, supply services themselves or on their own behalf receive remuneration from a so urce located within Estonia.    
 b)  Persons responsible for setting up of  a commercial presence of an enterprise in 
Estonia:  Persons who are employees of and receive  remuneration from an enterprise not 
having commercial presence in Estonia and who are therefore entering Estonia for the 
purpose of setting up of a commercial presence of this enterprise in Estonia. These persons 
should have been beforehand employees of this enterprise based outside Estonia for a period 
with the duration of  no less than one year immediately preceding the date of submitting their 
application for entry and stay in Estonia. Persons responsible for the setting-up of a 
commercial presence may not engage in making direct sales to the general public, supply 
services themselves or on their own behalf receive remuneration from a source located within Estonia   
 c)  Employees of an enterprise engaged in substantive business: Persons who are 
employees of and receive remuneration from an  enterprise based outside Estonia and not 
having commercial presence in Estonia, which has concluded a services contract with an 
enterprise engaged in substantive business activities in Estonia, and who have been 
beforehand employees of this enterprise based outside Estonia for a period with the duration of no less than one year immediately preceding the date of submitting their application for 
entry and stay in Estonia, and who in Estonia, as professionals and on behalf of the enterprise 
outside Estonia, provide a service belonging to any of the three sectors as set out below. As a further requirement five years of working experi ence in a related field is required. Individual 
services providers not employed by such enterprise based outside Estonia are considered as 
persons seeking access to the employment market of  Estonia and do not fall in this category.   
 Service sectors: 
Architectural, Engineering and other Technical Services (CPC 867) 
Management Consulting Services (CPC 865) 
Services related to Management Consulting (CPC866) 
 Entry for the persons covered by Section II is limited to a maximum duration of ninety days 
of stay in Estonia per every period of six months.    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
2.  SECTOR -SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS  
1.  BUSINESS SERVICES 
A.  Professional Services 
a)  Legal Services 
(CPC 861; does not include CPC86190) 1) Unbound  
2) None 
3) Commercial presence is restricted to sole proprietorships or to law firms with limited liability, in which cases permission is needed from the Bar 
Association (Advokatuur) . According 
to the Bar Statute (Advokatuuri 
põhimäärus) only Estonian nationals 
are allowed to establish a lawyer's office. To get accepted into the Bar Association the following 
requirements should be met: 1) Unbound  
2) None 
3) Unbound  
  (a) two years’ work experience as an 
assistant to a barrister at law; (b) 
passing of a relevant examination; (c) work for three years as a senior assistant. After that it is possible to pass a lawyer’s exam (excellent knowledge of the Estonian law and 
excellent proficiency in the Estonian 
language are required). Notaries Public are persons performing a public service; they are appointed by the Ministry of 
Justice.  
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section.  
 
     
 
    
 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 5Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
Other legal advisory and information 
services (CPC 86190) including: 
a) Practice of International Law 
b) Practice of law of jurisdiction where service supplier qualifies as a lawyer under a relevant authority of this jurisdiction. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
(Such consultancy excludes the following: 
i) appearing for a person other than himself or herself as attorney in any court, or before any magistrate or other judicial 
officer of the Republic of Estonia;    
ii) preparing any instrument effecting the 
transfer or registration of title to real estate located in Estonia;    
iii) preparing any will or trust instrument 
effecting the disposition of any property 
located in the Republic of Estonia and 
owned by a resident thereof, or any instrument relating to the administration of such property;    
iv) preparing any instrument in respect of 
the marital or parental relations, rights, or 
duties of a resident of the Republic of Estonia, or the custody or care of children of such a resident.(otherwise according to CPC 86190))    
    
     
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
b) Accounting, Auditing and Bookkeeping 
services (CPC 862) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
c) Taxation services   (CPC 863) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
d) Architectural, Engineering and Other 
Technical Services (CPC 867) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None except that at least one 
responsible person (project manager 
or consultant) must be resident of Estonia 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
e) Medical and Dental Services (CPC 
9312) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound  
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section.  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound  
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section. Any professionals trained outside Estonia are required to present a certificate of auxiliary training 
courses of Tartu University. This 
requirement also applies to Estonian nationals trained abroad.   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 7Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
B. Computer and Related Services                 
(CPC Division 84) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
C. Research and Development Services 
(CPC Division 85) 1) None 
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None  4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
E. Rental/Leasing Services without 
Operator 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None  
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
e) Other (CPC 832), including pre-recorded 
video cassettes for use in home 
entertainment equipment (CPC 83202) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  4) None  
F.  Other Business Services : 
a) Advertising Services (CPC 871) 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
b) Market Research and Opinion Polling 
(CPC 864) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
c) Management Consulting Services  
(CPC 865) 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
d) Services Related to Management 
Consulting (CPC 866) 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
e) Technical Testing and Analysis Services 
(CPC 8676) 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None  
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
i) Consulting Services Relating to 
Manufacturing (part of CPC 884 + part of  
885 except for 88442) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
n) Maintenance and Repair of Equipment  
(not including maritime vessels, aircraft, or other transport equipment)  (CPC 633 + 8861-8866) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
p) Photographic Services (CPC 876) 
(except aerial photography of the territory 
of the Republic of Estonia) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 9Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
r) Printing, Publishing (CPC 88442) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
s) Convention Services  
(part of CPC 87909)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
2.  COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
The commitments taken by Estonia in the communication services are based on the scheduling principles provided by the following  documents: 
- “Notes for Scheduling Basic Telecom Servi ces Commitments” (S/GBT/W/2/REV.1), and, 
- “Market Access Limitation” (S/GBT/W/3) 
B.  Courier Services  
(CPC 7512) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
C.  Telecommunication Services 
Domestic and international services 
provided using any network technology 
(wire based or wireless including satellite), in a facilities based or resale basis, in the following market segments   Estonia undertakes, as of six 
months form Estonia’s accession 
to the WTO, the additional 
commitments as contained in the Reference Paper attached hereto.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
a)Voice Telephone Services (CPC 7521)  
d)Telex services(CPC7523)  
e)Telegraph services (CPC7522)  
g) Leased circuit services, including private leased circuit services (CPC7522 + CPC7523)  For public use  
For non-public use 1), 3) None, except that domestic 
intercity and international services 
have to be switched over the public 
telephone network of the Estonian Telephone Company Ltd. according to the Concession Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Estonia and the Estonian 
Telephone Company. As of January 
1, 2003 None. 2) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
b)Packet switched data transmission 
services (CPC7523)  c)Circuit switched data transmission 
services(CPC7523)  
f)Facsimile services (CPC7521 + 7529)  h)Electronic mail (CPC 7523)  i)Voice mail (CPC 7523)  j)On-line information and data base 
retrieval (CPC 7523)  
k)Electronic data interchange (CPC 7523)  l)Enhanced /value-added facsimile services (including store and forward, store and retrieve) (CPC 7523)  
m)Code and protocol conversion  
n)On-line information and /or data processing (including transaction processing) (CPC 843)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 11Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
o)Other services: 
- Mobile and personal communications 
services and systems (CPC 75213 
(comprising also CPC7523 and CPC 75291)) A.Analogue/Digital cellular services B.PCS(Personal Communications 
Services) 
C. Mobile data services 
- Paging services  1), 3) None, except that domestic 
intercity and international 
interconnection of a mobile network 
with another mobile or fixed network has to be switched over the public telephone network of the Estonian Telephone Company Ltd. according to the Concession 
Agreement between the 
Government of the Republic of Estonia and the Estonian Telephone Company. As of 1 January 2003 None. 
2) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
3. CONSTRUCTION SERVICES  
(CPC Division 51+52) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None except that at least one responsible person (project manager or consultant) must be resident of 
Estonia. 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
A. Commission Agents' Services 
(CPC division 621) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
B. Wholesale Trade Services 
(CPC division 622) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
C. Retailing Services  
(CPC 631; 632; 633; 6111; 6113; 6121), including  audio and video records  and tapes (CPC 63234) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
D. Franchising  
(CPC 8929) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
5.  EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 
Private Education Services with the length 
of student participation not exceeding six 
months 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
Compulsory Education Services (primary 
and secondary I) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
– Non Compulsory Secondary Education 
Services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 13Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
– Higher Education Services (CPC 923) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
– Adult Education Services (CPC 924) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
–  Other Adult Education Services not 
Provided by the State 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
6.  ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sanitation 
and Other Environmental Protection 
Services (CPC Division 94) 
 (include: Sewage services (contracted by private industry),  Refuse disposal services (contracted by private industry), Sanitation and similar 
services, and Other environmental services 
(include Cleaning services of exhaust gases; Noise abatement services; Nature and landscape protection services))  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
Other environmental services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
7.  FINANCIAL SERVICES 
A. Insurance (including reinsurance) and 
pension fund services, except compulsory  
social security services (CPC812)  
(i) Direct insurance (A) Life insurance and pension fund services (CPC8121) Life insurance services (CPC81211) 
(B) Non-life insurance services (CPC8129) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section. The management body of an insurance joint-stock company with foreign 
capital participation may include 
citizens of foreign countries in proportion to the foreign participation, but not more than half of the members of the management 
group; the head of the management 
of a subsidiary or an independent company must permanently reside in Estonia.  
(ii) Reinsurance and retrocession 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
(iii) Insurance intermediation, such as 
brokerage and agency 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section   
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 Page 15Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(iv) Services auxiliary to insurance, such as 
consultancy, actuarial, risk assessment and 
claim settlement services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
B. Banking and Other Financial Services as de fined in the "Annex on Financial Services" 
(v) Acceptance of deposits and other 
repayable funds from the public 1) Requirement of authorisation by 
Eesti Pank  and registration under 
Estonian Law as a joint stock 
company, a subsidiary or a branch. 2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
(vi) Lending of all types, including 
consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring 
and financing of commercial transaction 
(vii) Financial leasing (viii) All payment and money transmission services, including credit, charge and debit cards, travellers cheques and bankers drafts 
(ix) Guarantees and commitments 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
    
    
            
     
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
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Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
(x) Trading for own account or for account 
of customers, whether on an exchange, in 
an over-the counter market or otherwise, 
the following: 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
(a) money market instruments (including 
cheques, bills, certificates of deposits); (b) foreign exchange (c) derivative products including, but not limited to, futures and options;    
(d) exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, including products such as swaps, forward rate agreements; (e) transferable securities; (f) other negotiable instruments and financial assets, including bullion    
xi) Participation in issues of all kind of 
securities, including underwriting and placement as agent (whether publicly or privately) and provision of services related to such issues 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
xii) Money broking 
xiii) Asset management, such as cash or portfolio management, all forms of 
collective investment management, pension 
fund management, custodial, depository and trust services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 17Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
xiv) Settlement and clearing services for 
financial assets, including securities, 
derivative products, and other negotiable 
instruments xv) Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software by suppliers of other 
financial services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None  
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
xvi) Advisory, intermediation and other 
auxiliary financial services on all the 
activities listed in subparagraphs (v) 
through (xv), including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisition and on corporate restructuring and strategy 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
8. HEALTH SERVICES AND SOCIAL 
SERVICES  (CPC Division 93) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section.  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section. Professionals trained outside Estonia are required to present a certificate of auxiliary training courses of Tartu University. This requirement also applies to 
Estonian nationals trained abroad.  
9.  TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotel and Restaurant Services  
(CPC Division 641-643) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
Page 18 
Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
B. Travel Agency and Tour Operator 
Services (CPC 7471) (Tour Guide Services 
included) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
C. Tourist Guide Services (CPC 7472)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND 
SPORTING SERVICES (CPC Division 96; does not include CPC 96199) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Unbound 
4) Unbound, except as provided in 
the horizontal section  
Cinema theatre operation services (CPC 
96199) (The service specified constitutes 
only part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None  4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 4) None  
11.  TRANSPORT SERVICES 
A.  Maritime Transport Services 
d) Maintenance and Repair of Vessels 
(CPC 8868) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
 
 
   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 19Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
C.  Air Transport Services 
d) Maintenance and Repair of Aircraft 
(CPC 8868) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section  
- Sales and Marketing 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
E.  Rail Transport Services  
d) Maintenance and Repair of Rail 
Transport Equipment (CPC 8868) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
F. Road Transport Services 
a) Maintenance and Repair of Road 
Transport Equipment (CPC 6112+8867) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
- International Truck transport services 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section  
 
 
   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
Page 20 
Modes of supply: 1)  Cross-border supply  2)  Consumption abroad  3)  Commercial presence  4)  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Lim itations on national treatment Additional commitments 
H.  Services Auxiliary to All Modes of Transport 
a) Cargo Handling Services (CPC 741) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the 
horizontal section  
b) Storage and Warehouse Services 
(CPC 742) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
c) Freight Transport Agency Services 
(CPC 748) and Other Auxiliary Transport Services, In Particular Freight Inspection Services (part of CPC 749) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 4) Unbound, except as provided in the horizontal section  
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5
 Page 21REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA 
 
List of Article II MFN Exemptions  
 
Sector or subsector Descriptions of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which the measure 
applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
All sectors The nationals of countries other than Estonia are 
given preferential treatment when granting 
permits for entry, stay, and work in Estonia to 
natural persons providing services (other than essential persons as defined in I Horizontal 
commitments in the Schedule of Specific 
Commitments of Estonia on trade in services) 
on the basis of reciprocity established by 
agreements between Estonia and these 
countries. All countries with whom labour 
market integration may be 
mutually desirable. 
 Indefinite. To further liberalise the 
conditions of entry, stay, and 
work of natural persons 
belonging to the citizenship of countries with whom Estonia 
may need free movement of 
labour to achieve flexibility in the Estonian services-related 
labour market. 
Audiovisual services  
- Production and 
distribution of 
audiovisual works through broadcasting or 
other forms of 
transmission to the public Measures which define works of European 
origin, in such a way as to extend national 
treatment to audiovisual works which meet 
certain linguistic and origin criteria regarding access to broadcasting or similar forms of 
transmission. Parties to the Council of Europe 
convention on Transfrontier 
Television or other European 
countries with whom an agreement  may be concluded. Indefinite. 
Exemption needed, for 
certain countries, only 
until an economic integration agreement is 
concluded or completed. The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural 
values both within EC Member 
States, and with other countries in Europe, as well as achieving 
linguistic policy objectives. 
Audiovisual Services -Production and 
distribution of cinematographic works 
and television 
programmes Measures based upon government-to-
government framework agreements, and 
plurilateral agreements, on co-production of audiovisual works, which confer national 
treatment to audiovisual works covered by these 
agreements, in particular in relation to distribution and access to funding. All countries with whom 
cultural co-operation may be 
desirable.  Indefinite. The aim of these agreements is 
to promote cultural links 
between the countries concerned. 
Audiovisual Services 
- Production and 
distribution of television programmes and 
cinematographic works Measures granting the benefit of any support 
programmes (such as Action Plan for Advanced 
Television Services, MEDIA or EURIMAGES) to audiovisual works, and suppliers of such 
works, meeting certain Eu ropean origin criteria. European countries. Indefinite. 
Exemption needed, for 
certain countries, only until an economic 
integration agreement is 
concluded or completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the 
regional identity of countries within Europe which have long 
standing cultural links. WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
Page 22  
 
 REFERENCE PAPER
 
(Additional Commitments by Estonia in Trade in  
Telecommunication Services from the year 2003)  
Scope  
 The following are definitions and principl es on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services. 
Definitions  
Users   mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
Essential facilities    mean facilities of a public telecommuni cations transport network or service that 
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by  a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a service. 
A major supplier  is a supplier which has the ability to mate rially affect the terms of participation 
(having regard to price and supply) in the releva nt market for basic telecommunications services as a 
result of: 
(a) control over essential facilities; or 
(b) use of its position in the market. 
1.  Competitive Safeguards  
1.1  Prevention of Anti-Competitive Practices in Telecommunications  
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
1.2  Safeguards  
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular: 
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidisation; 
(b) using information obtained from competit ors with anti-competitive  results; and 
(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical information 
about essential facilities and commercially rele vant information which are necessary for 
them to provide services.  WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
 Page 23 
 
 
 2.  Interconnection  
2.1  This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of  one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and to access services provided by anot her supplier, where specific commitments are 
undertaken. 
2.2  Interconnection to be Ensured  
 Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network. Such interconnection is provided1 
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions  (including technical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non- affiliated service suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditio ns (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled  so that the supplier need not pay for 
network components or facilities that it does not  require for the service to be provided; 
and 
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
2.3  Public Availability of Proc edures for Interconnection Negotiations
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
2.4  Transparency of Interconnection Arrangements  
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
2.5  Interconnection: Dispute Settlement  
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
(a) at any time or 
(b) after reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known 
                                                      
1 Suppliers of services or networks not generally available to the public, such as closed user groups, 
have guaranteed rights to connect with the public tel ecommunications transport network or services on terms, 
conditions and rates which are non-disc riminatory, transparent and cost-ori ented. Such terms, conditions and 
rates may vary from the terms, conditions and ra tes applicable to interconnection between public 
telecommunications networks or services. WT/ACC/SPEC/EST/5 
Page 24  
 
 to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5 
below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate te rms, conditions and rates for interconnection within 
a reasonable period of time, to the extent th at these have not been established previously. 
3.  Universal Service
 
 Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal services obligation it wishes to 
maintain. Such obligations will not be  regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminator y and competitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary  for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
4.  Public Availability of Licensing Criteria  
 Where a license is required , the following will be made publicly available: 
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a license and 
(b) the terms and conditions of individual licenses. 
 The reasons for the denial of a license will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
5.  Independent Regulators  
 he regulatory body is separate from, a nd not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by  regulators shall be impartial with respect to all market participants. 
6.  Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources
 
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current state of allocated frequency ba nds will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required 
__________