RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONIP/C/W/215/Add.1
18 October 2000
(00-4303)
Council for Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property RightsOriginal:  English
REVIEW OF LEGISLATION
Questions Posed by the United States
Addendum
By means of communications from the Permanent Mission of the United States dated
12 October 2000, the Secretariat has received copies of the following questions from the United Statesaddressed to Estonia, Kuwait, Paraguay, Qatar, Saint Lucia and Turkey, respectively.
_______________
ESTONIA
A. G
ENERAL
1. With respect to each form of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS Agreement,
including plant variety protection, please explain the manner in which the laws of Estonia ensure thatnationals of other WTO Members receive national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment as
required by Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS Agreement.   Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
B. C
OPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS
2. Please describe any provisions applicable to copyright and related rights are contained in
Estonia's Civil Code and please cite to the provisions.
3. Section 5(2) of Estonia's copyright law provides  that the law does not apply to expressions of
folklore.  Please explain the criteria used to differentiate an expression of folklore from acopyrightable work based on folklore.
4. Please describe in detail how Estonia has implemented the obligations of Article 18 of the
Berne Convention, as incorporated by Article 9 of the TRIPS Agreement and how protection has been
restored for phonograms that were in existence in Estonia on the date of application of the TRIPS
Agreement, that were still protected in their country of origin and that had not had a full term ofprotection in Estonia.
C. T
RADEMARKS
5. Section 5(4) of Estonia's trademark law provid es that the owners of well-known marks to
prevent the use of its trademark by others for similar goods and services if such use takes unfair
advantage of or is detrimental to the distinctive character or reputation of the trademark.  Pleaseexplain whether the well-known mark must be registered for the owner to be able to exercise this
right.
6. Please describe in detail the manner in which well-known marks are protected in Estonia,
including indicating the criteria used to determine whether the mark in question is well known.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 2
D. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
7. Please describe in detail the protection available for geographical indications under Estonia's
Consumer Protection law.
8. Please describe in detail the manner in which Estonia's Alcohol Act prevents the use of
geographical indications for wines and spirits that do not originate in the area indicated by theindication.
E. I
NDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
9. Please describe in detail the protection available for textile designs in Estonia.
F. PATENTS
10. Section 47 of Estonia's patent law authorizes the grant of compulsory licences in certain
circumstances.  The section includes provisions for many of the conditions established by Article 31
of the TRIPS Agreement.  Please describe in detail, how each of these conditions not included in thelaw is provided for and cite to the relevant sections of law or regulations.
11. Section 57 of Estonia's patent law provides that the Estonian Patent Office can become a third
party in court patent infringement proceedings.  Pl ease explain in detail what the Patent Office's role
would be as a third party.
G. P
ROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
12. Paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that Members protect certain test
data submitted to obtain marketing approval for pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products
from disclosure and from "unfair commercial use" . Please explain how Estonia implements these
obligations under the Medicinal Products Act.
H. ENFORCEMENT
13. Please state whether decisions on the merit in court proceedings are provided in writing and if
those written opinions are available to the public so that people can become familiar with the law.
14. Please state whether judicial authorities have authority to adopt provisional measures
inaudita altera parte , as required under Article 50.2 of the TRIPS Agreement and under what
circumstances that authority will be invoked.
15. Please indicate if the Estonian customs authorities have ex officio  authority to take action to
delay release goods into free circulations suspected counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated
copyrighted works and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
16. Please indicate the Estonian authorities responsible for criminal actions involving intellectual
property rights and indicate whether their authority extends to other forms of intellectual property
rights.
17. Please provide statistical information related to civil copyright, trademark, geographical
indication, industrial design, patent, integrated circuit layout-design, and trade secret enforcement for
each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of cases filed;  injunctions issued;  infringing
products seized;  infringing equipment seized;  cases resolved (including settlement);  and the amount
of damages awardedIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 3
18. Please provide statistical information related to criminal enforcement in the area of copyright
piracy and trademark infringement for each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of
raids, prosecutions, convictions, and the amount of fines and/or jail terms (including whether the fines
were paid and whether the jail term was actually served or was suspended) and any other information
establishing that the criminal system operates effectively to deter copyright piracy and trademarkcounterfeiting.
19. Please describe any new initiatives that are planned to improve enforcement of intellectual
property rights in Estonia, particularly initiatives related to criminal enforcement.
KUWAIT
A. G
ENERAL
1. With respect to each form of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS Agreement,
including plant variety protection, please explain the manner in which the laws of Kuwait ensure that
nationals of other WTO Members receive national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment as
required by Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS Agreement.   Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
B. COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS
2. Please explain how Kuwait's copyright law protects computer programs as literary works  and
complications of data as required by Article 10  of the TRIPS Agreement and cite to the relevant
provisions of the law.
3. Article 11 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that in most circumstances rental rights be
provided with respect at least to computer programs and cinematographic works and Article 14.4
requires that rental rights be provided to producers of phonograms.  Please describe how Kuwait's lawon copyright and neighbouring rights ensures that the required rental rights are provided and cite to
the relevant provisions of law.
4. Please identify the term of protection available with respect to works and with respect to each
form of neighbouring rights under Kuwait's law on copyright and neighbouring rights and cite to the
relevant provisions of law.
5. Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement obliges WTO Members to confine any limitations or
exceptions to copyrights to certain special cases that do not conflict with the normal exploitation of
the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.  Please
describe any and all limitations and exceptions to copyrights provided under Kuwait's law on
copyrights and neighbouring rights and cite to the relevant provision of law.  Please indicate how
Kuwait ensures that those limitations and exceptions do not conflict with the normal exploitation of
works and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.
6. Please describe in detail the rights provided under Kuwait's law on copyright and
neighbouring rights to performers, broadcasters and producers of phonograms and cite to the relevant
provisions of law.
7. Article 18 of the Berne Convention, as incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement by Article 9.1
of the TRIPS Agreement requires that copyright be restored for works that are still are protected undercopyright in their country of origin and have not had a full term or protection in Kuwait.  Please
describe in detail how Kuwait has implemented this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of
law.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 4
8. Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that protection be restored for phonograms that
are still under protection of copyright or neighbouring rights law in their country of origin and that
have not had a full term of protection in Kuwait.  Please describe in detail haw Kuwait has
implemented this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
C. TRADEMARKS
9. Please describe in detail the subject-matter that can comprise a trademark under Kuwait's
trademark law and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
10. Please describe in detail the procedure that must be followed to register a trademark in
Kuwait, citing the relevant provisions of the trademar k law and describe the rights that the owner of a
registered mark acquires with registration.
11. Please explain in detail how Kuwait's trademark and other laws provide for the protection of
well-known trademarks and service marks, citing the relevant provisions of law.
12. Please describe in detail any limitations or special requirements that apply to trademark rights
under Kuwait's laws and indicate how those limitations take account of the legitimate interests of the
owner of the trademark and of third parties.
13. Please indicate the length of the initial term of protection for a registered trademark under
Kuwait's trademark law and describe the conditions for renewing the registration and the period of therenewal.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of Kuwait's law.
D. G
EOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
14. Please describe in detail how and under what laws geographical indications are protected in
Kuwait and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
15. Does the law of Kuwait regarding geographical indications provide for any of the exceptions
to protection of geographical indications contained in Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement, and, if so,
please describe the way in which the exception is applied and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
E. INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
16. Please describe in detail the way in which industrial designs, including textile designs, are
protected under Kuwait's laws and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
F. PATENTS
17. Please explain whether or not inventions within the categories specified below are eligible to
be patented under Colombian law if they are otherwise novel, involve an inventive step, and are
industrially applicable:
(a) process inventions which, in whole or in part, consist of steps that are performed by a
computer and are directed by a computer program;
(b) product inventions consisting of elements of a computer-implemented invention
including:
(i) machine-readable computer program code stored on a tangible medium such
as a floppy disk, computer hard drive or computer memory;  orIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 5
(ii) a general purpose computer whose novelty over the prior art arises primarily
due to its combination with a specific computer program;
(c) process inventions that facilitate the conduct of business;
(d) a micro-organism.
18. Please identify any exceptions to the rights conferred by a patent in Kuwait and indicate the
manner in which the law of Kuwait ensures that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a
normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the
patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
19. Please describe any provisions for compulsory licensing of patents in Kuwait's law and
explain how Kuwait ensures that each of the conditions in Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement is met
in relation to any compulsory licences.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
20. Please indicate the number of compulsory licences issued under Kuwait's patent law in each
of the last five years.
21. Article 33 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that patents have a term of protection that does
not end before a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.  Please describe the term of
protection for patents available under Kuwait's patent law and indicate if there is any variation in that
term, based upon the area of technology to which the patent relates.  If so, please indicate what thevariations are and for what technologies and describe Kuwait's plans to bring its law into compliance
with Article 27.1, which prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of patent rights based on the field
of technology.
22. Please verify that the terms of all patents in existence in Kuwait on 1 January 2000, will not
end before the expiration a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.
23. Please describe in detail the manner in which plant varieties are protected under Kuwait's
laws and cite to the relevant provisions.
G. L
AYOUT -DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES ) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
24. Please describe how Kuwait implements the obligations of Section 6, Part II of the TRIPS
Agreement and cite to relevant provisions of law.
H. PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
25. Paragraph 2 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires Members to provide protection
for all undisclosed information, including techni cal know-how and commercial information, which
meets certain criteria.  This protection must endure as long has the conditions identified in
paragraph 2 of Article 39 are met and protection cannot be conditioned on registration.  Please explainhow Kuwait fulfills this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
26. What measures, as required by Article 42 of the TRIPS Agreement, are taken by judicial
authorities in Kuwait to protect the confidentiality of undisclosed information furnished by a party
during legal proceedings to enforce rights in such information, or for other purposes.
27. Paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that Members protect certain test
data associated with requests to obtain approval to market pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical
products from disclosure and from "unfair commercial use". Please explain how Kuwait implementsIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 6
this obligation, and in particular, please explain procedures if any that the Ministry of Health and
Population and the Ministry of Agriculture have implemented to give practical effect to this
obligation.
I. ENFORCEMENT
28. Please describe in detail what civil actions and what civil remedies are available under
Kuwait's laws to right holders of each kind of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS
Agreement, including plant variety protection, that permit effective action against any act of
infringement to prevent infringement and deter further infringement, and cite to the provisions of law
providing for those remedies.
29. Please state whether decisions on the merit in court proceedings are provided in writing and if
those written opinions are available to the public so that people can become familiar with the law.
30. Please describe what civil provisional measures are available to right holders under Kuwait's
laws, describe the procedures that must be foll owed and cite the relevant provisions of law.
31. Please describe in detail the procedures under Kuwait's laws, at least with respect to
counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works, that allow right holders to request
customs authorities not to release goods into free circulations and cite to the relevant provisions of
law.  Please indicate if the customs authorities have ex officio  authority to take such action.
32. Please indicate whether border enforcement is available with regard to other forms of
intellectual property rights and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
33. Please describe in detail how Kuwait implements the remaining provisions of Section 4 of
Part III of the TRIPS Agreement, citing to the relevant provisions of law.
34. Please describe in detail the criminal actions and remedies that are available under Kuwait's
laws with respect to counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works and cite to the
relevant provisions of law.
35. Please indicate the authorities responsible for criminal actions involving intellectual property
rights and indicate whether their authority extends to other forms of intellectual property rights.
36. Please explain whether and under what circumstances seizure, forfeiture and destruction of
infringing goods and any materials and implements are available as remedies in willful trademark
counterfeiting or copyright piracy cases and describe the conditions under which such penalties would
be imposed.
37. Please provide statistical information related to civil copyright, trademark, geographical
indication, industrial design, patent, integrated circuit layout-design, and trade secret enforcement for
each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of cases filed;  injunctions issued;  infringing
products seized;  infringing equipment seized;  cases resolved (including settlement);  and the amountof damages awarded.
38. Please provide statistical information related to criminal enforcement in the area of copyright
piracy and trademark infringement for each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of
raids, prosecutions, convictions, and the amount of fines and/or jail terms (including whether the fines
were paid and whether the jail term was actually served or was suspended) and any other informationestablishing that the criminal system operates effectively to deter copyright piracy and trademark
counterfeiting.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 7
39. Please describe any new initiatives that are planned to improve enforcement of intellectual
property rights in Kuwait, particularly initiatives related to criminal enforcement.
PARAGUAY
A. GENERAL
1. With respect to each form of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS Agreement,
including plant variety protection, please explain the manner in which the laws of Paraguay ensure
that nationals of other WTO Members receive national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment
as required by Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS Agreement.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
B. COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS
2. Please explain how Paraguay's copyright law protects computer programs as literary works
and complications of data as required by Article 10 of the TRIPS Agreement and cite to the relevant
provisions of the law.
3. Article 11 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that in most circumstances rental rights be
provided with respect at least to computer programs and cinematographic works and Article 14.4
requires that rental rights be provided to producers of phonograms.  Please describe how Paraguay'slaw on copyright and neighbouring rights ensures that the required rental rights are provided and cite
to the relevant provisions of law.
4. Please identify the term of protection available with respect to works and with respect to each
form of neighbouring rights under Paraguay's law on copyright and neighbouring rights and cite to the
relevant provisions of law.
5. Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement obliges WTO Members to confine any limitations or
exceptions to copyrights to certain special cases that do not conflict with the normal exploitation of
the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.  Please
describe any and all limitations and exceptions to copyrights provided under Paraguay's law on
copyrights and neighbouring rights and cite to the relevant provision of law.  Please indicate howParaguay ensures that those limitations and exceptions do not conflict with the normal exploitation of
works and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.
6. Please describe in detail the rights provided under Paraguay's law on copyright and
neighbouring rights to performers, broadcasters and producers of phonograms and cite to the relevant
provisions of law.
7. Article 18 of the Berne Convention, as incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement by Article 9.1
of the TRIPS Agreement requires that copyright be restored for works that are still are protected undercopyright in their country of origin and have not had a full term or protection in Paraguay.  Please
describe in detail how Paraguay has implemented this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of
law.
8. Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that protection be restored for phonograms that
are still under protection of copyright or neighbouring rights law in their country of origin and thathave not had a full term of protection in Paraguay.  Please describe in detail haw Egypt has
implemented this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 8
C. TRADEMARKS
9. Please describe in detail the subject-matter that can comprise a trademark under Paraguay's
trademark law and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
10. Please describe in detail the procedure that must be followed to register a trademark in
Paraguay, citing the relevant provisions of the trademark law and describe the rights that the owner ofa registered mark acquires with registration.
11. Please explain in detail how Paraguay's trademark and other laws provide for the protection of
well-known trademarks and service marks, citing the relevant provisions of law.
12. Please describe in detail any limitations or special requirements that apply to trademark rights
under Paraguay's laws and indicate how those limitations take account of the legitimate interests of
the owner of the trademark and of third parties.
13. Please indicate the length of the initial term of protection for a registered trademark under
Paraguay's trademark law and describe the conditions for renewing the registration and the period of
the renewal.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of Paraguay's law.
D. G
EOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
14. Please describe in detail how and under what laws geographical indications are protected in
Paraguay and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
15. Does the law of Paraguay regarding geographical indications provide for any of the
exceptions to protection of geographical indications contained in Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement,
and, if so, please describe the way in which the exception is applied and cite to the relevant provisions
of law.
E. INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
16. Please describe in detail the way in which industrial designs, including textile designs, are
protected under Paraguay's laws and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
F. PATENTS
17. Please explain whether or not inventions within the categories specified below are eligible to
be patented under Paraguay's law if they are novel, involve an inventive step, and are industriallyapplicable:
(a) process inventions which, in whole or in part, consist of steps that are performed by a
computer and are directed by a computer program;
(b) product inventions consisting of elements of a computer-implemented invention
including:
(i) machine-readable computer program code stored on a tangible medium such
as a floppy disk, computer hard drive or computer memory; or
(ii) a general purpose computer whose novelty over the prior art arises primarily
due to its combination with a specific computer program;
(c) process inventions that facilitate the conduct of business;  andIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 9
(d) micro-organisms of all kinds.
18. Please identify any exceptions to the rights conferred by a patent in Paraguay and indicate the
manner in which the law of Paraguay ensures that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a
normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of thepatent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
19. Please describe any provisions for compulsory licensing of patents in Paraguay's law and
explain how Paraguay ensures that each of the conditions in Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement is
met in relation to any compulsory licences.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
20. Please indicate the number of compulsory licences issued under Paraguay's patent law in each
of the last five years.
21. Article 33 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that patents have a term of protection that does
not end before a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.  Please describe the term of
protection for patents available under Paraguay's patent law and indicate if there is any variation in
that term, based upon the area of technology to which the patent relates.  If so, please indicate what
the variations are and for what technologies and describe Paraguay's plans to bring its law into
compliance with Article 27.1, which prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of patent rights basedon the field of technology.
22. Please verify that the terms of all patents in existence in Paraguay on 1 January 2000, will not
end before the expiration a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.
23. Please describe in detail any limited exceptions to patent rights that exist under Paraguay's
laws and indicate what safeguards are used to ensure that such limited exceptions do not unreasonablyconflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate
interests of the patent owner, taking into account the legitimate interests of third parties.
24. Please describe in detail the manner in which plant varieties are protected under Paraguay's
laws and cite to the relevant provisions.
G. L
AYOUT -DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES ) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
25. Please describe how Paraguay implements the obligations of Section 6, Part II of the TRIPS
Agreement and cite to relevant provisions of law.
H. PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
26. Paragraph 2 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires Members to provide protection
for all undisclosed information, including techni cal know-how and commercial information, which
meets certain criteria.  This protection must endure as long has the conditions identified in
paragraph 2 of Article 39 are met and protection cannot be conditioned on registration.  Please explainhow Paraguay fulfils this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
27. Please describe in detail the measures that can be taken by judicial authorities in Paraguay to
protect the confidentiality of undisclosed information furnished by a party to the court during legal
proceedings, as required by Article 42 of the TRIPS Agreement, when the information has been
provided either to enforce rights in such information, or for other purposes.
28. Paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that Members protect certain test
data associated with requests to obtain approval to market pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicalIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 10
products from disclosure and from "unfair commercial use."  Please explain how Paraguay
implements this obligation, and in particular, please explain procedures if any have been implemented
to give practical effect to this obligation.
29. Please explain in detail how Paraguay protects against disclosure test and other data submitted
to obtain marketing approval for pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products and cite to therelevant provisions of law.
I. E
NFORCEMENT
30. Please describe in detail what civil actions and what civil remedies are available under
Paraguay's laws to right holders of each kind of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS
Agreement, including plant variety protection, that permit effective action against any act of
infringement to prevent infringement and deter further infringement, and cite to the provisions of law
providing for those remedies.
31. Please state whether decisions on the merit in court proceedings are provided in writing and if
those written opinions are available to the public so that people can become familiar with the law.
32. Please describe what civil provisional measures are available to right holders under
Paraguay's laws, describe the procedures that must be followed and cite the relevant provisions of law.
33. Please describe in detail the procedures under Paraguay's laws, at least with respect to
counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works, that allow right holders to request
customs authorities not to release goods into free circulations and cite to the relevant provisions of
law.  Please indicate if the customs authorities have ex officio  authority to take such action.
34. Please indicate whether border enforcement is available with regard to other forms of
intellectual property rights and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
35. Please describe in detail how Paraguay implements the remaining provisions of Section 4 of
Part III of the TRIPS Agreement, citing to the relevant provisions of law.
36. Please describe in detail the criminal actions and remedies that are available under Paraguay's
laws with respect to counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works and cite to the
relevant provisions of law.
37. Please indicate the authorities responsible for criminal actions involving intellectual property
rights and indicate whether their authority extends to other forms of intellectual property rights.
38. Please explain whether and under what circumstances seizure, forfeiture and destruction of
infringing goods and any materials and implements are available as remedies in wilful trademark
counterfeiting or copyright piracy cases and describe the conditions under which such penalties would
be imposed.
39. Please provide statistical information related to civil copyright, trademark, geographical
indication, industrial design, patent, integrated circuit layout-design, and trade secret enforcement for
each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of cases filed;  injunctions issued;  infringing
products seized;  infringing equipment seized;  cases resolved (including settlement);  and the amount
of damages awarded.
40. Please provide statistical information related to criminal enforcement in the area of copyright
piracy and trademark infringement for each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of
raids, prosecutions, convictions, and the amount of fines and/or jail terms (including whether the finesIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 11
were paid and whether the jail term was actually served or was suspended) and any other information
establishing that the criminal system operates effectively to deter copyright piracy and trademark
counterfeiting.
41. Please describe any new initiatives that are planned to improve enforcement of intellectual
property rights in Paraguay, particularly initiatives related to criminal enforcement.
QATAR
A. GENERAL
1 With respect to each form of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS Agreement,
including plant variety protection, please explain the manner in which the laws of Qatar ensure that
nationals of other WTO Members receive national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment asrequired by Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS Agreement.   Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
B. C
OPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS
2. Please explain how Qatar's copyright law protects computer programs, as literary  works and
complications of data as required by Article 10  of the TRIPS Agreement and cite to the relevant
provisions of the law.
3. Article 11 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that in most circumstances rental rights be
provided with respect at least to computer programs and cinematographic works and Article 14.4
requires that rental rights be provided to producers of phonograms.  Please describe how Qatar's law
on copyright and neighbouring rights ensures that the required rental rights are provided and cite to
the relevant provisions of law.
4. Please identify the term of protection available with respect to works and with respect to each
form of neighbouring rights under Qatar's law on copyright and neighbouring rights and cite to the
relevant provisions of law.
5. Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement obliges WTO Members to confine any limitations or
exceptions to copyrights to certain special cases that do not conflict with the normal exploitation ofthe work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.  Please
describe any and all limitations and exceptions to copyrights provided under Qatar's law on copyrights
and neighbouring rights and cite to the relevant provision of law.  Please indicate how Qatar ensures
that those limitations and exceptions do not conflict with the normal exploitation of works and do not
unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.
6. Please describe in detail the rights provided under Qatar's law on copyright and neighbouring
rights to performers, broadcasters and producers of phonograms and cite to
 the relevant provisions of
law.
7. Article 18 of the Berne Convention, as incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement by Article 9.1
of the TRIPS Agreement requires that copyright be restored for works that are still are protected under
copyright in their country of origin and have not had a full term or  protection in Qatar.  Please
describe in detail how Qatar has implemented this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions oflaw.
8. Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that protection be restored for phonograms that
are still under protection of copyright or neighbouring rights law in their country of origin and thatIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 12
have not had a full term of protection in Qatar.  Please describe in detail how Qatar has implemented
this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
C. TRADEMARKS
9. Please describe in detail the subject-matter that can comprise a trademark under Qatar's
trademark law and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
10. Please describe in detail the procedure that must be followed to register a trademark in Qatar,
citing the relevant provisions of the trademark law and describe the rights that the owner of a
registered mark acquires with registration.
11. Please explain in detail how Qatar's trademark and other laws provide for the protection of
well-known trademarks and service marks, citing the relevant provisions of law.
12. Please describe in detail any limitations or special requirements that apply to trademark rights
under Qatar's laws and indicate how those limitations take account of the legitimate interests of theowner of the trademark and of third parties.
13. Please indicate the length of the initial term of protection for a registered trademark under
Qatar's trademark law and describe the conditions for renewing the registration and the period of the
renewal.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of Qatar's law.
D. G
EOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
14. Please describe in detail how and under what laws geographical indications are protected in
Qatar and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
15. Does the law of Qatar regarding geographical in dications provide for any of the exceptions to
protection of geographical indications contained in Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement, and, if so,
please describe the way in which the exception is applied and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
E. INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
16. Please describe in detail the way in which industrial designs, including textile designs, are
protected under Qatar's laws and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
F. PATENTS
17. Please explain whether or not inventions within the categories specified below are eligible to
be patented under Qatar's patent law if they are otherwise novel, involve an inventive step, and are
industrially applicable:
(a) process inventions which, in whole or in part, consist of steps that are performed by a
computer and are directed by a computer program;
(b) product inventions consisting of elements of a computer-implemented invention
including:
(i) machine-readable computer program code stored on a tangible medium such
as a floppy disk, computer hard drive or computer memory;  or
(ii) a general purpose computer whose novelty over the prior art arises primarily
due to its combination with a specific computer program;IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 13
(c) process inventions that facilitate the conduct of business;  and
(d) a micro-organism.
18. Please identify any exceptions to the rights conf erred by a patent in Qatar and indicate the
manner in which the law of Qatar ensures that such  exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a
normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the
patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
19. Please describe any provisions for compulsory licensing of patents in Qatar's law and explain
how Qatar ensures that each of the conditions in Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement is met in relation
to any compulsory licences.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
20. Please indicate the number of compulsory licences issued under Qatar's patent law in each of
the last five years.
21. Article 33 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that patents have a term of protection that does
not end before a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.  Please describe the term of
protection for patents available under Qatar's patent law and indicate if there is any variation in thatterm, based upon the area of technology to which the patent relates.  If so, please indicate what the
variations are and for what technologies and describe Qatar's plans to bring its law into compliance
with Article 27.1, which prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of patent rights based on the field
of technology.
22. Please verify that the terms of all patents in existence in Qatar on 1 January 2000, will not end
before the expiration a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.
23. Please describe in detail the manner in which plant varieties are protected under Qatar's laws
and cite to the relevant provisions.
G. L
AYOUT -DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES ) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
24. Please describe how Qatar implements the obligations of Section 6, Part II of the
TRIPS Agreement and cite to relevant provisions of law.
H. UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
25. Paragraph 2 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires Members to provide protection
for all undisclosed information, including techni cal know-how and commercial information, which
meets certain criteria.  This protection must endure as long has the conditions  identified in paragraph 2
of  Article 39 are met and protection cannot be conditioned on registration.  Please explain how Qatar
fulfils this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
26. What measures, as required by Article 42 of the TRIPS Agreement, are taken by judicial
authorities in Qatar to protect the confidentiality of undisclosed information furnished by a party
during legal proceedings to enforce rights in such information, or for other purposes.
27. Paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that Members protect certain test
data associated with requests to obtain approval to market pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicalproducts from disclosure and from "unfair commercial use". Please describe in detail how Qatar
implements this obligation, and in particular, please explain procedures if any that the Ministry of
Health and Population and the Ministry of Agricult ure have implemented to give practical effect to
this obligation.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 14
I. ENFORCEMENT
28. Please describe in detail what civil actions and what civil remedies are available under Qatar's
laws to right holders of each kind of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS Agreement,
including plant variety protection, that permit effective action against any act of infringement to
prevent infringement and deter further infringement, and cite to the provisions of law providing forthose remedies.
29. Please state whether decisions on the merit in court proceedings are provided in writing and if
those written opinions are available to the public so that people can become familiar with the law.
30. Please describe what civil provisional measures are available to right holders under
  Qatar's
laws, describe the procedures that must be foll owed and cite the relevant provisions of law.
31. Please describe in detail the procedures under Qatar's laws, at least with respect to counterfeit
trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works, that allow right holders to request customsauthorities not to release goods into free circulations and cite to the relevant provisions of law.  Please
indicate if the customs authorities have 
ex officio authority to take such action.
32. Please indicate whether border enforcement is available with regard to other forms of
intellectual property rights and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
33. Please describe in detail how Qatar implemen ts the remaining provisions of Section 4 of
Part III of the TRIPS Agreement, citing to the relevant provisions of law.
34. Please describe in detail the criminal actions and remedies that are available under Qatar's
laws with respect to counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works and cite to the
relevant provisions of law.
35. Please indicate the authorities responsible for criminal actions involving intellectual property
rights and indicate whether their authority extends to other forms of intellectual property rights.
36. Please explain whether and under what circumstances seizure, forfeiture and destruction of
infringing goods and any materials and implements are available as remedies in wilful trademark
counterfeiting or copyright piracy cases and describe the conditions under which such penalties would
be imposed.
37. Please provide statistical information related to civil copyright, trademark, geographical
indication, industrial design, patent, integrated circuit layout-design, and trade secret enforcement for
each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of cases filed;  injunctions issued;  infringing
products seized;  infringing equipment seized;  cases resolved (including settlement);  and the amount
of damages awarded.
38. Please provide statistical information related to criminal enforcement in the area of copyright
piracy and trademark infringement for each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number ofraids, prosecutions, convictions, and the amount of fines and/or jail terms (including whether the fines
were paid and whether the jail term was actually served or was suspended) and any other information
establishing that the criminal system operates effectively to deter copyright piracy and trademark
counterfeiting.
39. Please describe any new initiatives that are planned to improve enforcement of intellectual
property rights in Qatar, particularly initiatives related to criminal enforcement.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 15
SAINT LUCIA
A. GENERAL
1. With respect to each form of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS Agreement,
including plant variety protection, please explain the manner in which the laws of Saint Lucia ensurethat nationals of other WTO Members receive national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment
as required by Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS Agreement.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
B. C
OPYRIGHT
2. Please explain how Saint Lucia's copyright law pr otects computer programs as literary works
and complications of data as required by Article 10 of the TRIPS Agreement and cite to the relevant
provisions.
3. Article 11 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that rental rights be provided for computer
programs and cinematographic works in most instances and Article 14.4 requires that rental rights be
provided to the producers of phonograms.  Please describe how Saint Lucia's law on copyright and
neighbouring rights ensures that the required rental rights are provided and cite to the relevant
provisions of law.
4. Please identify the term of protection available with respect to works and with respect to each
form of neighbouring rights under Saint Lucia's law on copyright and neighbouring rights and cite to
the relevant provisions of law.
5. Article 13 of the TRIPS Agreement obliges WTO Members to confine any limitations or
exceptions to copyrights to certain special cases that do not conflict with the normal exploitation of
the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.  Pleasedescribe any and all limitations and exceptions to copyrights provided under Saint Lucia's law on
copyrights and neighbouring rights and cite to the relevant provision of law.  Please indicate how
Saint Lucia ensures that those limitations and exceptions do not conflict with the normal exploitation
of works and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.
6. Please describe in detail the rights provided under Saint Lucia's law on copyright and
neighbouring rights to performers, broadcasters and producers of phonograms and cite to the relevant
provisions of law.
7. Article 18 of the Berne Convention, as incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement by Article 9.1
of the TRIPS Agreement requires that copyright be restored for works that are still are protected under
copyright in their country of origin and have not had a full term or protection in Saint Lucia.  Please
describe in detail how Saint Lucia has implemented this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions
of law.
8. Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that protection be restored for phonograms that
are still under protection of copyright or neighbouring rights law in their country of origin and that
have not had a full term of protection in Saint Lucia.  Please describe in detail haw Saint Lucia has
implemented this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
C. T
RADEMARKS
9. Please describe in detail the subject-matter that can comprise a trademark under Saint Lucia's
trademark law and cite to the relevant provisions of law.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 16
10. Please describe in detail the procedure that must be followed to register a trademark in Saint
Lucia, citing the relevant provisions of the trademark law and describe the rights that the owner of a
registered mark acquires with registration.
11. Please explain in detail how Saint Lucia's trademark and other laws provide for the protection
of well-known trademarks and service marks,  citing the relevant provisions of law.
12. Please describe in detail any limitations or special requirements that apply to trademark rights
under Saint Lucia's laws and indicate how those limitations take account of the legitimate interests of
the owner of the trademark and of third parties.
13. Please indicate the length of the initial term of protection for a registered trademark under
Saint Lucia's trademark law and describe the conditions for renewing the registration and the period of
the renewal.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of Saint Lucia's law.
D. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
14. Please describe in detail how and under what laws geographical indications are protected in
Saint Lucia and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
15. Does the law of Saint Lucia regarding geographical indications provide for any of the
exceptions to protection of geographical indications contained in Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement,
and, if so, please describe the way in which the exception is applied and cite to the relevant provisionsof law.
E. I
NDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
16. Please describe in detail the way in which industrial designs, including textile designs, are
protected under Saint Lucia's laws and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
F. PATENTS
17. Please explain whether or not inventions within the categories specified below are eligible to
be patented under Saint Lucia's law if they are otherwise novel, involve an inventive step, and are
industrially applicable:
(a) process inventions which, in whole or in part, consist of steps that are performed by a
computer and are directed by a computer program;
(b) product inventions consisting of elements of a computer-implemented invention
including:
(i) machine-readable computer program code stored on a tangible medium such
as a floppy disk, computer hard drive or computer memory;  or
(ii) a general purpose computer whose novelty over the prior art arises primarily
due to its combination with a specific computer program;
(c) process inventions that facilitate the conduct of business;
(d) a micro-organisms.
18. Please identify any exceptions to the rights conferred by a patent in Saint Lucia and indicate
the manner in which the law of Saint Lucia ensures that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflictIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 17
with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of
the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
19. Please describe any provisions for compulsory licensing of patents in Saint Lucia's law and
explain how Saint Lucia ensures that each of the conditions in Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement is
met in relation to any compulsory licences.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
20. Please indicate the number of compulsory licences issued under Saint Lucia's patent law in
each of the last five years.
21. Article 33 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that patents have a term of protection that does
not end before a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.  Please describe the term of
protection for patents available under Saint Lucia's patent law and indicate if there is any variation in
that term, based upon the area of technology to which the patent relates.  If so, please indicate what
the variations are and for what technologies and describe Saint Lucia's plans to bring its law into
compliance with Article 27.1, which prohibits discrimination in the enjoyment of patent rights based
on the field of technology.
22. Please verify that the terms of all patents in existence in Saint Lucia on 1 January 2000, will
not end before the expiration a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.
23. Please describe in detail the manner in which plant varieties are protected under Saint Lucia's
laws and cite to the relevant provisions.
G. LAYOUT -DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES ) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
24. Please describe in detail how Saint Lucia implements the obligations of Section 6, Part II of
the TRIPS Agreement and cite to relevant provisions of law.
H. PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
25. Paragraph 2 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires Members to provide protection
for all undisclosed information, including techni cal know-how and commercial information, which
meets certain criteria.  This protection must endure as long has the conditions identified in paragraph
2 of Article 39 are met and protection cannot be conditioned on registration.  Please explain how Saint
Lucia fulfills this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
26. What measures, as required by Article 42 of the TRIPS Agreement, are taken by judicial
authorities in Saint Lucia to protect the confidentiality of undisclosed information furnished by a party
during legal proceedings to enforce rights in such information, or for other purposes.
27. Paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that Members protect certain test
data associated with requests to obtain approval to market pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical
products from disclosure and from "unfair commercial use".  Please explain how Saint Lucia
implements this obligation, and in particular, please explain procedures if any that the Ministry ofHealth and Population and the Ministry of Agricult ure have implemented to give practical effect to
this obligation.
I. E
NFORCEMENT
28. Please describe in detail what civil actions and what civil remedies are available under
Saint Lucia's laws to right holders of each kind of intellectual property covered by Part II of theTRIPS Agreement, including plant variety protection, that permit effective action against any act ofIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 18
infringement to prevent infringement and deter further infringement, and cite to the provisions of law
providing for those remedies.
29. Please state whether decisions on the merit in court proceedings are provided in writing and if
those written opinions are available to the public so that people can become familiar with the law.
30. Please describe what civil provisional measures are available to right holders under
Saint Lucia's laws, describe the procedures that must be followed and cite the relevant provisions of
law.
31. Please describe in detail the procedures under Saint Lucia's laws, at least with respect to
counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works, that allow right holders to request
customs authorities not to release goods into free circulations and cite to the relevant provisions of
law.  Please indicate if the customs authorities have ex officio  authority to take such action .
32. Please indicate whether border enforcement is available with regard to other forms of
intellectual property rights and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
33. Please describe in detail how Saint Lucia implements the remaining provisions of Section 4 of
Part III of the TRIPS Agreement, citing to the relevant provisions of law.
34. Please describe in detail the criminal actions and remedies that are available with respect to
counterfeit trademarked goods and pirated copyrighted works and cite to the relevant provisions oflaw.
35. Please indicate the authorities responsible for criminal actions involving intellectual property
rights and indicate whether their authority extends to other forms of intellectual property rights.
36. Please explain whether and under what circumstances seizure, forfeiture and destruction of
infringing goods and any materials and implements are available as remedies in willful trademarkcounterfeiting or copyright piracy cases and describe the conditions under which such penalties would
be imposed.
37. Please provide statistical information related to civil copyright, trademark, geographical
indication, industrial design, patent, integrated circuit layout-design, and trade secret enforcement for
each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of cases filed;  injunctions issued;  infringingproducts seized;  infringing equipment seized;  cases resolved (including settlement);  and the amount
of damages awarded.
38. Please provide statistical information related to criminal enforcement in the area of copyright
piracy and trademark infringement for each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of
raids, prosecutions, convictions, and the amount of fines and/or jail terms (including whether the fines
were paid and whether the jail term was actually served or was suspended) and any other information
establishing that the criminal system operates effectively to deter copyright piracy and trademarkcounterfeiting.
39. Please describe any new initiatives that are planned to improve enforcement of intellectual
property rights in Saint Lucia, particularly initiatives related to criminal enforcement.IP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 19
TURKEY
A. GENERAL
1. With respect to each form of intellectual property covered by Part II of the TRIPS Agreement,
including plant variety protection, please explain the manner in which the laws of Turkey ensure that
nationals of other WTO Members receive national treatment and most-favoured-nation treatment asrequired by Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS Agreement.   Please cite to the relevant provisions of law.
B. C
OPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS
2. We understand that draft copyright legislation is being prepared to bring Turkey's copyright
and neighbouring rights regime into compliance with the TRIPS Agreement.  Please explain in detail
what changes this legislation would make to th e existing regime, indicate the status of the
preparations of the legislation and provide an estimated date for enactment and implementation of this
legislation.
3. Please describe in detail the provisions that will implement fully Article 18 of the Berne
Convention, as incorporated by Articles 9, and 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement.
C. TRADEMARKS
4. Please explain in detail how Turkey 's trademark and other laws provide for the protection of
well-known trademarks and service marks, citing the relevant provisions of law.
5. Please describe in detail any limitations or special requirements that apply to trademark rights
under Turkey 's laws and indicate how those limitations take account of the legitimate interests of the
owner of the trademark and of third parties.
D. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
6. Please explain whether, in an opposition proceeding related to a new geographical indication,
a pre-existing registered trademark or an earlier filed request for registration of a trademark in Turkey
would be grounds for refusal to recognize the geographical indication.
E. INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
7. Please describe in detail the manner in which textile designs are protected in Turkey and cite
to the relevant provisions of law.
F. PATENTS
8. Article 6 of Turkey's patent law includes a number of exclusions from patentable subject-
matter.  Please explain whether an invention within the categories specified below can be patented
under Turkey's law if it is novel, involves an inventive step, and is industrially applicable:
(a) process inventions which, in whole or in part, consist of steps that are performed by a
computer and are directed by a computer program;
(b) product inventions consisting of elements of a computer-implemented invention
including:
(c) process inventions that facilitate the conduct of business;  andIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 20
(d) microorganisms.
9. Under Article 6 of current law, any invention contrary to "public policy or generally accepted
standards of morality" is excluded from patentable subject-matter.  Please describe the process by
which the Government of Turkey determines whether an invention is contrary to public policy or
generally accepted standards of morality and the criteria used to make those determinations, citing tothe relevant provisions of law.  Also, please indicate whether a determination that an invention is
excluded from patentability under Article 6 is appealable and, if so, to what body would that appeal be
made.
10. Article 6 of the current law excludes "discoveries", "plans", and "scientific works" from what
is considered patentable subject-matter.  Please explain and define the terms "discoveries", "plans",
and "scientific works" as they are used in Article 6 and provide examples of subject-matter that falls
within these exclusionary categories, as well as subject-matter that does not.
11. Please identify any other exceptions to the rights conferred by a patent in Turkey and indicate
the manner in which the law of Turkey ensures that  such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with
a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the
patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
12. Please verify that the terms of all patents in existence in Turkey on 1 January 2000, will not
end before the expiration of a period of twenty years measured from the date of filing.
13. Articles 96, 97, and 99 appear to require that the invention claimed in a patent be
manufactured in Turkey or a compulsory licence under the patent can be granted.  Please explain how
this provision conforms to the requirement under Article 27.1 of the TRIPS Agreement that patent
rights be enjoyable without discrimination as to whether the products are imported or locallyproduced.
14. Article 102 of Turkey's patent law appears to permit compulsory licensing of a patent for
purposes of export.  Please explain how Article 102 complies with the obligations under Article 31, in
particular with subparagraph (f).
15. Please indicate the number of compulsory licences issued under Articles 99, 101, 102, and
103 of Turkey's patent law in each of the last five years.
16. Please describe in detail the manner in which plant varieties are protected under Turkey's laws
and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
G. L
AYOUT -DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES ) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
17. Please describe how Turkey implements the obligations of Section 6, Part II of the TRIPS
Agreement and cite to relevant provisions of law.
H. UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
18. Paragraph 2 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires Members to provide protection
for all undisclosed information, including techni cal know-how and commercial information, which
meets certain criteria.  This protection must endure as long has the conditions identified in
paragraph 2 of Article 39 are met and protection cannot be conditioned on registration.  Please explain
how Turkey fulfills this obligation.
19. Paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that Members protect certain test
data associated with requests to obtain approval to market pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicalIP/C/W/215/Add.1
Page 21
products from disclosure and from "unfair commercial use".  Please describe in detail how Turkey
implements this obligation and cite to the relevant provisions of law.
I. ENFORCEMENT
20. Please describe in detail the civil actions and remedies that are available under Turkey's laws
to right holders in plant varieties and undisclosed information, that permit effective action against anyact of infringement to prevent infringement and de ter further infringement, and cite to the provisions
of law providing for those remedies.
21. Please indicate whether decisions on the merit in court proceedings are provided in writing
and if those written opinions are available to the public so that people can become familiar with the
law.
22. Please provide statistical information related to civil copyright, trademark, geographical
indication, industrial design, patent, integrated circuit layout-design, and trade secret enforcement foreach of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number of cases filed; injunctions issued;  infringing
products seized;  infringing equipment seized;  cases resolved (including settlement);  and the amount
of damages awarded.
23. Please provide statistical information related to criminal enforcement in the area of copyright
piracy and trademark infringement for each of the years 1998 and 1999, including the number ofraids, prosecutions, convictions, and the amount of fines and/or jail terms (including whether the fines
were paid and whether the jail term was actually served or was suspended) and any other information
establishing that the criminal system operates effectively to deter copyright piracy and trademark
counterfeiting.
24. Please describe any new initiatives that are planned to improve enforcement of intellectual
property rights in Turkey, particularly initiatives related to criminal enforcement.
__________