RESTRICTED
WORLD TRADE WT/BOP/G/5
24September 1997
ORGANIZATION(97-3973)
Original: English Committee onBalance-of-Payments Restrictions
1997 CONSULTATIONS WITH THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC UNDER ARTICLE XII:4(a)
OFTHE GATT 1994 AND THE RELATRED UNDERSTANDING
Basic Document Supplied bytheSlovak Republic
I. INTRODUCTION
1. TheGovernment oftheSlovak Republic, inaccordance withtheArticle XIIoftheGeneral
Agreement ofTariffs andTrade andaccording totheUnderstanding onBalance-of- Payments Provisions
oftheGATT 1994, introduced atemporary import deposit scheme asof1May 1997.
2. Theimport deposit wasintroduced toprevent aserious deterioration ofthebalance ofpayments
andalsotoprevent theimmediate riskofthedepletion offoreign exchange reserves oftheNational
BankofSlovakia.TheGovernmentconsideredthatthisnegativetrendinthecurrentbalance-of-payments
development andthedevelopment ofthestructure ofimports represents aserious risktotheSlovak
economy through deterioration oftheexternal payment position.
3. Theimport deposit scheme wasapplied inanon-discriminatory manner toimprots from all
countries offoodandconsumer goods, according tothestructure stated inthedecree oftheMinistry
ofEconomy oftheSlovak Republic, No.122dated 29April 1997 assubsequently amended.
4. TheSlovak Republic notified theWTO Member States oftheintroduction oftheimport deposit
scheme indocument WT/BOP/N/21 of16May1997, where itwasstated thatthiswasatemporary
measure adopted toprotect theexternal payment position andthebalance ofpayments.
5. Considering thepositions andopinions ofimportant trading partners regarding theintroduction
oftheimportdepositscheme,especiallyasregardsthetransparencyofthismeasure,theproductcoverage
andthetimetable ofphasing outthemeasure, andwiththeaimofeliminating thenegative impact of
thismeasure onsmall- andmedium-sized enterprises, theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic has
reviewed itsdecision.
6. Initssession on15July1997 theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic decided toabolish the
import deposit scheme asof21July1997 andreplace itwithanimport surcharge effective thesame
day.Theimport surcharge isconsidered bytheGovernment oftheSlovak Republic tobeaninstrument
based onprice withalessnegative impact onthetrading partners.
7. Theimport surcharge wasintroduced inaccordance withtheDecree oftheMinistry ofFinance
oftheSlovak Republic No.197dated 18July1997 thattookeffect on21July1997.
8. TheWTO Member States were notified bytheSlovak Republic oftherepeal oftheimport
deposit scheme and theintroduction oftheimport surcharge inthedocument WT/BOP/N/28WT/BOP/G/5
Page2
dated 30July1997. Inthisdocument theSlovak Republic notified thetemporary character ofthis
measure andthecommitment toreduce thepercentage oftheimport surcharge.
9. Theimport surcharge isapplied inanon-discriminatory manner toimports fromallcountries
andtheproduct coverage, towhich theimport surcharge isapplied, represents 75.2percentoftotal
imports oftheSlovak Republic. Onlyimports ofbasicrawmaterials, medicaments andhealth equipment
represent anexception tothismeasure. Goods thatarenotsubject totheimport surcharge arelisted
intheAnnex toDecree No.197/1997 Coll.
10. Thebaseforcalculating theimport surcharge isthecustoms value ofthegoods.
II. MACROECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THEDEVELOPMENT OFTHEBALANCE
OFPAYMENTS
11. Themacroeconomic development ofSlovakia inthelastfewyears canbeviewed positively
especially asregards GDP growth, theshare oftheprivate sector inGDP, inflation trends,and
maintaining theunemployment rate,aswellasmaintaining theregime ofthefixed exchange rateof
theSlovak Koruna within theestablished fluctuation margins. These positive results were achieved
intheprocess ofthetransformation oftheeconomy andagradual liberalization inallsectors ofeconomy
(theoverview isincluded intheannex tothisdocument). With thisdevelopment itis,nevertheless,
necessary toconsider thefactthatthepositive development has,inmany areas, beenaccompanied
bythenegative impacts ofthetransformation process fromacentrally planned toamarket economy,
which caused apartial macroeconomic imbalance.
12. Since thesecond halfof1996 several negative trends havebeengradually worsening. There
wasacontinuous increase ofthenegative foreign trade balance, which showed adeficit of
US$2,292.5 million attheendof1996. These problems werereflected alsointhebalance ofpayments;
thecurrent account ofthebalance ofpayments showed adeficit ofUS$2,098.1 million in1996. In
thisrespect theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic reconsidered theStateBudget expenditures while
thebudgeted deficit, approved inActNo.304/1995 ontheState Budget, hasnotbeen exceeded.
Simultaneously, tosupport thesituation inforeign trade, theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic decided
toestablish theForeign Trade Development Fundasof1January 1997andtheEXIM BankofSlovakia,
which came intooperation asof1July1997.
13. TheNational BankofSlovakia (NBS) reacted during 1996totheincreasing deficit inthecurrent
account ofthebalance ofpayments andespecially tothedevelopment ofthetradeaccount bysterilizing
theliquidity ofcommercial banks inthefirsthalfof1996 andintroducing monetary measures in
July1996. TheNBSactivities havebeendirected towards reducing theloanexpansion ofcommercial
banks andthustolevelling offthedynamics ofmoney reserves anddomestic demand. Inthisrespect
theminimumreservesofthecommercialbankswereincreasedeffective1August1997byapproximately
SKK13billionthroughunifyingtherateforprimarydepositsto9percentwiththeexceptionofbuilding
savings-banks where there wasanincrease intheratefrom1percentto3percent.Effective 17July
1996 theLombard ratewasincreased andthefluctuation margin oftheexchange ratewidened to
+-5percent.Atthesametimetheforeign exchange position ofbanks formonetary purposes hasbeen
introduced.
14. Inthemonetary programme oftheNBSfor1997theCentral Banksettheobjective ofachieving
aninflation ratewithin therange 4.9to5.8percentataGDP growth rateof5percentandmainly
atreducing thebalance-of-payments current account deficit to5percentofGDP while maintaining
theregime ofthefixed nominal exchange rate.Agrowth inmonetary rwserves by10.7percentandWT/BOP/G/5
Page3
loans tocompanies andpopulation by6.9percentshould beconsistent withthisdevelopment which
compared withthedynamics inDecember 1996 inthegiven indicators represents aserious decrease.
Duetomore sophisticated liquidity management ofthecommercial banks thesystem offreemarket
operations haschanged fromaquantitative toaqualitative one.Simultaneously thefluctuation margin
hasbeenwidened again to+-7percentasof1January 1997.
15. Despite theabove-mentioned measures thesituation hasbeensubstantially deteriorating in1997,
when thenegative trends inthebalance ofpayments andforeign trade balance development have
intensified. Theyear-on-year export andimport dynamics haslevelled offinthefirsthalfof1997(export
12.9percentandimport 12.6percent) however, withrespect totheabsolute differences between
exports andimports lastyearthetrade account deficit isincreasing in1997 (first half1996 -
US$960.2 million; firsthalf1997 -US$986.0 million). While thestructure ofexports hasbeen
developing slowly thevolume andthestructure ofimports havebeendeveloping much faster mainly
duetotheincrease indemand forimports ofconsumer goods andservices.
16. Slovakia doesnotapply anyprotective measures toprotect domestic producers against increased
imports. TheSlovak Republic hasnotinitiated anyanti-dumping measures orprocedures against
subsidized imports. Tariff protection, which istheonlytoolforprotecting domestic producers isvery
low; theaverage tariff forallimports based ontheMFN amounts to1.7percent. Thearithmetic
average oftariffs paidonallitems ofthe8-digit combined nomenclature 96amounted toonly
7.66percentin19961(chapters 1-97oftheCustom Tariff) andto8percentin1995 (chapters 1-97
oftheCustom Tariff).
17. Theweighted average oftariffs amounted to4.5percentin1996. Within theframework of
theGeneralized System ofPreferences (GSP), theSlovak Republic grants dutyfreeaccess toSlovak
markets forallimports fromtheleast-developed countries. Slovakia grants preferential access tothe
marketundertheGSPto105developingcountriesandthecountriesoftheformerUSSRandYugoslavia.
18. TheSlovak Republic hasasubstantially openeconomy atatimewhen itisexecuting economic
reform inallsectors. Theopenness oftheeconomy, calculated bytheshare ofexported goods and
services inGDP, achieved 57.5percentin1996and57.2percentinthefirstquarter of1997. Import
demand measured bytheshare ofimports ofgoods andservices intheGDPamounted to69.4percent
in1996 and68.7percentinthefirstquarter of1997.
19. Itwasnotpossible tofullyaligntheobjectives ofindustrial policy toachieve competitiveness
ofproducts, especially where restructuring, innovation ormodernization ofproduction isnecessary
withtherequirements oftherealeconomy, because oftheneedfordomestic andforeign resources
andthetimeneeded toimplement theobjectives withrespect tothesocial nature oftheproblems.
20. Tofacetheconsequent serious threat thatdeveloped duetothedeficit onthecurrent account
ofthebalance ofpayments, itwasnecessary alsofortheGovernment oftheSlovak Republic toadopt,
within theframework ofthepackage ofmeasures adopted toreverse thegiven situation, asupporting
measure ofatemporary nature according toArticle XIIofGATT 1994. Forthisreason theGovernment
oftheSlovak Republic decided tointroduce theimport surcharge.
1Forcomparison withother countries using the6digitnomenclature thesimple average oftariff incidence
oftheSlovak Republic amounted toonly6.5percentin1996.WT/BOP/G/5
Page4
(a) Current Account
21. TheCurrent account deficit amounted to10.7percentofGDP inthefirstquarter of1997,
while itamounted to10.3percentofGDP inthefirstquarter of1996 andto8.6percentofGDP
inthefirsthalfof1996.
22. Thereform process inallsectors oftheeconomy inSlovakia isgoing onunder conditions of
asubstantially open economy. Theopenness oftheeconomy wasfurther promoted during the
transformation process byreducing tariffs according totheobligations oftheGATT Uruguay Round
andbyremoving barriers totrade andinvestment activities asalogical andinevitable partofthe
transformation process oftheeconomy andtheintegration oftheSlovak Republic intointernational
structures.
23. Themacroeconomicresultsachievedinthetransformationprocessaretoalargeextentinfluenced
bytheimplementation oftheobjectives ofindustrial, investment, trade, financial andmonetary policy
inaharmonious wayandhowtheytogether influence thedevelopment ofthecurrent account ofthe
balance ofpayments. Itappears thatinthetransformation process itisdifficult toalignthesecomponents
tosufficiently stabilize macroeconomic development andtoprevent thenegative development ofthe
foreign trade balance influencing tosuchanextent thedevelopment ofthebalance ofpayments and
foreign exchange reserves. Itisjustasdifficult toensure thatthenegative development oftheforeign
trade balance doesnotintensify further inthelongrun.Based onthestructure ofimports thatshould
beamotivating factor inthedevelopment oftheeconomy, itappears thatthereported development
ofimports creates thepreconditions forfuture development onlytoalimited extent. Thisdisharmony
appears alogical element atacertain stage ofthetransformation process.
24. Since 1993 withtheexception of1994 theforeign trade balance oftheSlovak Republic has
beennegative andpermanently growing. Thedevelopment oftheforeign trade balance oftheSlovak
Republic from 1993 -1996 wasthefollowing:
1993 SKK-27.3 billion (US$-886.9 million)
1994 SKK+2.6 billion (US$+80.0 million)
1995 SKK-5.7billion (US$-191.5 million)
1996 SKK-70.3 billion (US$-2,292.5 million)
25. Thedevelopment oftheforeign trade oftheSlovak Republic from1993through thefirsthalf
of1997 isshown intheannexed tables.
26. Total imports for1996amounted toSKK340.9 billion (US$11,123.5 million) andtotalexport
toSKK270.6 billion (US$8,831.0 million). Foreign trade turnover amounted toSKK611.5 billion
(US$19,954.5million),i.e.theyear-on-yearincreasewas18.5percent.Importsincreasedincomparison
to1995 by30.7percentandexports by6.1percent.Thenegative development oftheforeign trade
balance amounted toSKK70.3billion (US$2,292.5 million); incomparison with1995 itincreased
bySKK64.6billion (US$2,484.0 million).
27. Thedevelopment oftheforeign tradeoftheSlovak Republic inthefirsthalfof1997compared
withthesameperiod lastyearshows aprogressive aligning ofthedynamics ofexports withthedynamics
ofimports. Total imports amounted toSKK177.3 billion (US$5,367.9 million), anincrease of
12.6percent.Total exports forthisperiod amounted toSKK144.8 billion (US$4,381.9 million), an
increase of12.9 percent. Foreign trade turnover forthefirst halfof1997 amounted to
SKK322.1 billion (US$9,749.8 million), while theincrease incomparison withthesame period ofWT/BOP/G/5
Page5
1996amountsto12.7percent.TheforeigntradedeficitoftheSlovakRepublicreachedSKK32.6billion
(US$986.0 million), anincrease of11.7percent.
28. From theterritorial point ofview, imports from theCzech Republic hadthelargest share,
amounting to23.5percentinthetotalimports inthefirsthalfof1997, followed byGermany
15.4percent,theRussian Federation 15.4percent,Italy5.5percent,Austria 4.8percent,France
3.6percentandtheUnited States 3.1percent. Theshare oftheEUmember States intotalimports
amounted to39.2percentandthatfrom theCEFTA countries to29.5percent.
29. Exports totheCzech Republic hadthelargest share intotalexports oftheSlovak Republic
with27.7percent, followed byGermany 23.2percent, Austria 6.5percent, Poland 5.6percent,
Italy 5.5percent, Hungary 4.5percentandtheRussian Federation 3.0percent. Theshare of
EUmember States intotalexports was44.9percentandthatoftheCEFTA countries was39.6percent.
30. Thelargest deficit inthetrade account wasreported fortheRussian Federation, where the
trade deficit amounts toSKK22.9billion forthefirsthalfof1997, followed bytheUnited States,
ItalyandSwitzerland.
31. From thepoint ofviewofthestructure ofgoods intheSlovak foreign trade, thelargest share
intotalimports washeldinthefirsthalfof1997 bymachinery andtransport equipment (SITC 7)
33.1percent,mineraloilsandlubricants(SITC3)17.6percent,marketproducts(SITC6)15.4percent
andchemicals (SITC 5)12.4percent.Thehighest dynamics wasreported inimports ofoils,fatsand
waxes (SITC 4),where theincrease compared tothesame period lastyearwas54.9percent, andin
imports ofbeverages andtobacco (SITC 1)where imports increased by27.1percent.
32. Thelargest share intotalexports oftheSlovak Republic washeldbymarket products (SITC 6)
36.5percent, machinery andtransport equipment (SITC 7)26.9percent, chemicals (SITC 5)
11.6percentandindustrial goods (SITC 8)10.8percent.
33. From March 1994through 30June1996theSlovak Republic applied animport surcharge on
imports ofselected food andconsumer goods, thesurcharge amounted to10percentandfrom
1July1996 through 31December 1996 to7.5percent. Inaccordance withthedecision ofthe
Committee onBalance-of-Payments Restrictions oftheWTO, theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic
eliminated theimport surcharge asof1January 1997.
34. Thedeficit onthecurrent account ofthebalance ofpayments amounted toUS$2,098.1 million
attheendof1996 compared withasurplus ofUS$391.4 million in1995. Forthefirstfivemonths
of1997thecurrent account deficit amounted toUS$391.4 million andwasreported duetoanegative
foreign trade balance amounting toUS$906.3 million.
(b) Capital Account
35. Thecapital andfinancial account ofthebalance ofpayments amounted toUS$2,110.1 million
in1996andwassufficient tocover thedeficit ofthecurrent account withaslight increase oftheforeign
exchange reserves oftheNBS. Thestructure ofthecapital andfinancial account negatively reflected
thelowinflow offoreign direct investment, which amounted toUS$181.2 million, i.e1.1percent
ofGDP. Theinflow ofother types ofcapital (intoundertakings, banking sector, theGovernment and
theNBSsector) causes theincrease oftheexternal indebtedness oftheSlovak Republic.WT/BOP/G/5
Page6
36. Inthefirstquarter of1997, theinflow ofcapital amounted toUS$415.6 million. Theshare
offoreign direct investment decreased by0.7percentofGDPinthefirstquarter of1996to0.5percent
inthefirstquarter of1997. Another negative feature inthestructure ofthecapital andfinancial account
istheincreasing share ofhighly mobile short-term capital (68percent). After asharp increase inits
inflow during thefirstfourmonths of1997, anoutflow occurred inMay1997, leading toareduction
intheforeign exchange reserves toavalue oflessthanthreemonths ofimports ofgoods andservices.
(c) Foreign Exchange Reserves
37. In1996theforeign exchange reserves oftheNBSshowed aslight increase compared to1995.
With thisdynamics ofdevelopment in1995 theforeign exchange reserves were sufficient tocover
fourmonths ofimports andtheincreased foreign exchange reserves in1996 weresufficient tocover
only3.4months ofimports. Atthebeginning of1997 thesituation deteriorated andduring thefirst
fivemonths ofthisyeartheforeign exchange reserves declined toalevel sufficient tocover only
2.8months ofimports. Theexisting levelofforeign exchange reserves means, forthetransformation
process, anintervention mainly intothedevelopment trends, reflected negatively inthedevelopment
oftheinvestment processes andhaving anegative impact alsoonthedynamics ofstructural changes
inindustry, which finally represents aserious threat tothedevelopment ofatransforming economy.
(d) Foreign Debt
38. From thereview ofthedevelopment oftheforeign debtoftheSlovak Republic itisobvious
thatitsshare intheGDP isdecreasing. Asof31December 1996 theshare offoreign debtinGDP
amounted to24.6percentwhile in1995 theshare was26.2percent.TheSlovak Republic reported
atotalgross foreign debtinconvertible andnon-convertible currencies ofUS$7.81 billion asof
31December 1996. Theofficial debtoftheGovernment oftheSlovak Republic andtheNBSamounted
asof31December 1996 toUS$1.65 billion. Thedebtofthecommercial sector, i.e.thecommercial
banks andentrepreneurial entities, amounted toUS$5.96 billion asofend-December 1996 andthe
debtofthecommunities (theissued bonds ofBratislava, thecapital oftheSlovak Republic) amounted
toUS$0.06 billion.
39. ThedebtoftheSlovak Republic inconvertible currencies amounted toUS$7.67 million and
theremaining US$0.14 million wasmade upbytheestimated debtinnon-convertible currencies, created
bythedebttotheformer German Democratic Republic. Theforeign debtpercapita compared with
thebeginning of1996hadincreased bytheendoftheyearbyUS$374 fromUS$1,099 toUS$1,473.
40. Inthestructure ofthetotalgross foreign debtthetotalgross medium- andlong-term foreign
liabilities amounted toUS$4.86 billion attheendof1996 andtotalshort-term foreign liabilities of
thecommercial banks andentrepreneurial entities amounted toUS$2.95 billion asofthesame date.
Thetotalshort-term debtamounted to37.7percentofthetotalgross foreign debtforthesameperiod.
41. Asubstantial increase intheforeign debt wasreported especially inDecember. The
month-on-month increase byUS$275 million (US$833 million forthewhole of1996) wasreported
asamedium- andlong-term foreign debtoftheentrepreneurial entities (non-bank) asaconsequence
ofcontracting large foreign loans fordevelopment programmes.
42. Thesame iteminthesector ofcommercial banks increased incomparison withtheprevious
month byUS$264 million (anincrease ofUS$249 million forthewhole of1996). Thiswasmainly
duetotheaccepting ofasubordinate loanbythelargest Slovak commercial banks.WT/BOP/G/5
Page7
43. Thedynamics ofthegrowth oftheshort-term debtofthecommercial sector deserves special
attention (bank andnon-bank entities). Themonth-on-month increase byUS$890 million (anannual
increase byUS$1,232 million) waspartially duetoopening newcredit lineslinked withsubstantially
expanding imports inthelastmonths of1996. However theshort-term loans anddeposits accepted
bythecommercial banks represent asubstantial partofthisincrease (approximately US$500 million).
44. Theamount ofsettled foreign exchange liabilities, theso-called gross foreign debtservice of
theSlovak Republic, amounted toUS$367.8 million forthe12months of1996, ofwhich thesettled
principal payments amounted toUS$243.3 million. Thetotalpayments oninterest andfeesamounted
toUS$124.6 million. After including theoriginal debitbalance oftheliability towards theInternational
Investment Bank intheamount ofUS$46.9 million, paidinaspecial way,thetotalgross foreign debt
service oftheSlovak Republic in1996 amounted toUS$398.3 million.
45. After subtracting theaccepted foreign exchange yields (US$11.7 million) fromtherealforeign
debtservice (US$367.8 million) thenetforeign debtservice amounted toUS$356.1 million.
46. Thetrend ofthedynamic increase oftheforeign debtoftheSlovak Republic, mainly inthe
items foreign liabilities ofentrepreneurial unitsandcommercial banks, continued alsoduring thefirst
months of1997. According topreliminary datathetotalgross foreign debtoftheSlovak Republic
surpassed thelevel ofUS$8.4 billion asofendofApril 1997, ofwhich short-term debtaccounted
forUS$3.64 billion.
47. Theaimsofthefinancial policy in1996 havepresumed further continuation ofitsinfluence,
inclose relationship withmonetary policy, asananti-inflation andstabilization factor. Budgetary
expenditures during 1996weresubject toregulation toreflect thereallevelofincome generation. Results
oftheyear1996indicated onlyaslight difference between theactual figures andbudgetary estimates
astherealbudget deficit, amounting toSKK25.6billion, wasbelow theexpected level. Theshare
offiscal deficit was1.3percentofGDP in1996. Thefiscal deficit, amounting toSKK7.6billion,
played akeyroleinincreasing thestatedebt. From thepoint ofviewofannual development, thefiscal
deficit wascaused byahigher rateofgrowth ofexpenditures andlower rateofgrowth ofincome together
withslower growth ofGDPincurrent prices andalsototheinfluence ofthedecreasing rateofinflation.
48. Inorder tomaintain macroeconomic stability asacondition formicroeconomic development,
asapartofthepackage ofmeasures directed toensure continual anddeepprocess ofeconomic and
social transformation andtoovercome partial macroeconomic andmicroeconomic imbalances (internal
andexternal), theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic alsoadopted measures intheareaoffinancial
policy. Thefollowing measures havebeenimmediately realised e.g:
- regulation oftheexpenditures ofthestatebudget intheThird andFourth Quarters
of1997 with aprecondition ofselective binding ofbudgetary expenditures to
SKK5billion
- strengthening themechanisms oftaxcollection andcontrol system, decreasing the
volume offorgiven sanctions andpenalties forviolation ofregulations
- increase ofenergy prices forlarge-scale consumption
- increase offeesforwater consumption andsewage feesforhouseholds
- increase ofconcession charges forTVandradio broadcastingWT/BOP/G/5
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- wage regulation forbusiness entities incorrelation withprofit development, labour
productivity andvalue added
- preservationofanadequatelevelofstatepublicexpendituresbylimitationofgovernment
bonds uptoSKK2billion andcredits guaranteed byGovernment uptoSKK15bilion
aswellasthose under preparation during thisyear.
III. SUMMARY
49. Inthelightoftheabove-mentioned development toachieve aturning point inthedevelopment
ofthemacroeconomic indicators, theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic decided toadopt theabove-
mentioned package ofshort-, medium- andlong-term measures, thattogether withtheintroduced import
deposit aresupposed tochange thecurrent situation. Achange intheresults ofthecurrent account
ofthebalance ofpayments ismainly expected together withthechange inthestateoftheforeign
exchange reserves. TheGovernment oftheSlovak Republic waslooking foraninstrument oftemporary
protection thatwould bethemost acceptable forthefunctioning ofthetrading environment. Inthis
regard, theGovernment oftheSlovak Republic accepted alsotherepeal ofthedecree onimport deposits
andasof21July1997 introduced theimport surcharge inamount of7percentwiththefollowing
timetable forthephasing out:
21.07.1997 to31.12.1997 7percent
01.01.1998 to01.07.1998 5percent
01.07.1998 to31.12.1998 3percent
01.01.1999 0percent
50. Compared withtheapplication oftheimport surcharge in1996thisisamore radical measure,
asitapplies to75.2percentoftotalimports; theremaining imports notsubject totheimport surcharge
aremore orlessbasic rawmaterials andenergy. TheGovernment oftheSlovak Republic assumes
thatthismeasure together withothers already adopted andintheprocess ofadoption willconstitute
asufficiently strong tooltoinfluence amore positive development oftheforeign trade balance, and
consequently ofthebalance ofpayments andincreased creation offoreign exchange reserves ofthe
NBS.
51. TheGovernment oftheSlovak Republic isconvinced thattheimport surcharge wasadopted
inaccordance withArticle XIIGATT 1994 duetobalance-of-payments difficulties andthestateof
theforeign exchange reserves andthattheimport surcharge isaninevitable temporary tooltosolve,
together withanumber ofother measures adopted, thecurrent situation.WT/BOP/G/5
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ANNEX
Economic indicators oftheSlovak Republic in1993-1996 andpresent datafor1997
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
present
data
1.GDP (%)1-4.1 4.8 6.8 6.9 5.1
(1st
quarter)
2.Share ofprivate sector in
GDP (%)39.0 58.2 64.9 76.8 77.4
(1st
quarter)
3.Unemployment (%) 14.4 14.8 13.1 12.8 12.3
(June)
4.Foreign trade balance
(US$ million)-887 80 -192 -1,823.2 -1,081.2
(July)
5.BOPCurrent account
(US$ million)-601 712 629 -1,940.8 -83.9
(May)
6.Overall balance
(US$ million)54.9 1,290 1,579 237.1 -318.1
(May)
7.NBSofficial reserves
(US$ million)449.6 1,745.0 3,418.4 3,473.3 3,018.2
(June)
8.Coverage ofimports by
reserves (months)0.7 2.6 4.0 3.4 2.8
(June)
9.Gross foreign debt
(US$ million)3.7 4.3 5.8 7.8 8.5
(May)
10.RateSKK/US$ attheend
ofperiod33.2 31.3 29.6 31.8 34.8
(July)
11.Inflation (%)225.1 11.7 7.2 5.4 6.0
(July)
12.Money supply M2(%) 18.5 18.6 21.2 15.7
(1.1.96-
31.12.96)-0.3
(1.1.97-
30.6.97)
13.Discount rate(%) 9.5 12
(since
20.12.93)12 11(since
17.3.95)9.75(since
6.10.95)8.8
(since
13.1.96)
14.State budget balance
SKK mld.)-23.0 -22.9 -8.3 -25.6 -17.9
(July
15.Rating standard andpoor x BB-
(since Feb.
1994)BB+
(since April 1995)BBB-
(since April
1996)
16.Rating Moody 'sInvestors
Servicex x Baa3
(since May1995)
17.IBCA x x x BBB-
(since
August
1996)
1 Change compared withthecorresponding period oflastyear.
2 Index thesame period ofprevious year=100(change).
Source: Issues bytheNBSForeign Relations Department, 28.08.97.WT/BOP/G/5
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Slovak Republic -Balance ofPayments
January toDecember 1995
Consolidated balance
SKK million US$million
Trade balance -6,766.0 -227.5
Exports, f.o.b. 255,096.0 8,579.0
Imports, f.o.b.1261,862.0 8,806.5
Services balance 16,069.0 540.4
Receipts NFS 70,656.0 2,376.2
Shipment andother 18,296.0 615.3
Travel 18,505.0 622.3
Other 33,855.0 1,138.6
Expenditures NFS 54,587.0 1,835.8
Shipment andother 9,103.0 306.1
Travel 9,526.0 320.4
Other 35,958.0 1,209.3
Income balance -408.0 -13.7
Interest -894.0 -30.1
Income 6,322.0 212.6
Payments 7,216.0 242.7
Investment -204.0 -6.9
Income 315.0 10.6
Payments 519.0 17.5
Compensation ofemployees 690.0 23.2
Income 766.0 25.8
Payments 76.0 2.6
Current transfers 2,742.0 92.2
Official 497.0 16.7
Private 2,245.0 75.5
Current account 11,637.0 391.4
Capital transfers 1,360.0 45.7
NetMLT financial account 22,977.0 772.7
Direct foreign investment 3,984.0 134.0
Portfolio investment 7,317.0 246.1
MLT Credits received 9,633.0 324.0
MLT Credits extended 2,043.0 68.7
Netshort-term financial account 2,715.0 91.3
Clearing balance (-,surplus) -28,158.0 -951.0
Payments foroverfl. ofmarg. credit 30,501.5 1,034.0
Total capital andfinancial account 29,395.5 992.8
Errors andomissions 5,914.5 194.9
Overall balance 46,947.0 1,579.0
Change inreserves (-,inc) -46,947.0 -1,579.0
Gold -58.0 -2.0
Holding ofSDR 950.0 33.0
Foreign exchange assets -47,839.0 -1,610.0
1 Total imports include private imports (private imports =SKK 1,071 million)
Note: Exchange rateofUS$1 =SKK 29,735 used.WT/BOP/G/5
Page11
Slovak Republic -detailed capital account
January toDecember 1995
Consolidated balance
SKK million US$million
Capital transfers 1,360.0 45.7
Direct investment 3,984.0 134.0
SRabroad -234.0 -7.9
InSR 4,218.0 141.9
Portfolio investment 7,317.0 246.1
SRabroad 5,105.0 171.7
InSR 2,212.0 74.4
Other long-term financial account 11,676.0 392.7
Assets 2,043.0 68.7
Government 1,685.0 56.7
Disbursements 0.0 0.0
Repayments 1,685.0 56.7
Commercial banks 126.0 4.2
Disbursements 0.0 0.0
Repayments 126.0 4.2
Enterprises 232.0 7.8
Disbursements -2,404.0 -80.8
Repayments 2,636.0 88.6
Liabilities 9,633.0 324.0
Government -9,850.0 -330.1
disbursements 3,031.0 103.1
IMF 0.0 0.0
WB 17.0 0.5
EXIMBANK 2,466.0 84.1
G24 0.0 0.0
EC 0.0 0.0
EIB 548.0 18.5
Other 0.0 0.0
Repayments -12,881.0 -433.2
Commercial banks 7,822.0 263.1
Disbursements n.a. n.a.
Repayments n.a. n.a.
Enterprises 11.661.0 392.2
Disbursements 20,376.0 685.3
Repayments -8,715.0 -293.1
Short-term financial account 2,715.0 91.3
Banking assets -8,358.0 -281.1
Banking liabilities 6,843.0 230.1
Enterprises assets -164.0 -5.5
Enterprises liabilities 4,394.0 147.8
Other assets 0.0 0.0
Other liabilities 0.0 0.0
Clearing balance (-,surplus) -28,158.0 -951.0
Payments foroverfl. ofmarg. credit 30,501.5 1,034.0
Total capital andfinancial account 29,395.5 992.8
n.a. Notavailable.
Note: -Exchange rateofUS$1 =SKK 29.735 used.WT/BOP/G/5
Page12
Slovak Republic -Balance ofPayments
January toDecember 1996
Consolidated balance
SKK million US$million
Trade balance -70,260.0 -2,292.6
Exports, f.o.b. 270,643.0 8,831.0
Imports, f.o.b. 340,903.0 11,123.5
Services balance 1,111.0 36.3
Receipts 63,380.0 2,068.1
Shipment andother 19,720.0 643.5
Travel 20,618.0 672.8
Other 23,042.0 751.9
Expenditures 62,269.0 2,031.8
Shipment andother 12,110.0 395.1
Travel 14,796.0 482.8
Other 35,363.0 1,153.9
Income balance -1,365.0 -44.5
Interest -1,470.0 -48.0
Income 5,836.0 190.4
Payments 7,306.0 238.4
Investment -135.0 -4.4
Income 461.0 15.0
Payments 596.0 19.4
Compensation ofemployees 240.0 7.8
Income 512.0 16.7
Payments 272.0 8.9
Current transfers 6,213.0 202.7
Official 299,0 9.8
Private 5,914.0 193.0
Current account -64,301.0 -2,098.1
Capital transfers 909.0 29.7
NetMLT financial account 38,673.1 1,208.7
Direct foreign investment 3,953.0 129.0
Portfolio investment 2,930.0 95.6
MLT Credits received 26,693.4 847.7
MLT Credits extended 5,096.7 136.4
Netshort-term financial account 25,043.0 871.7
Total capital andfinancial account 64,625.1 2,110.1
Errors andomissions 7,043.8 225.1
Overall balance 7,367.9 237.1
Change inreserves (-,inc) -7,367.9 -237.1
Gold -2,505.0 -80.2
Holding ofSDR 1,202.0 41.1
Foreign exchange assets -6,064.9 -198.0
Note: Exchange rateofUS$1 =SKK 30.647 used.WT/BOP/G/5
Page13
Slovak Republic -Detailed capital account
January toDecember 1996
Consolidated balance
SKK million US$million
Capital transfers 909.0 29.7
Direct investment 3,953.0 129.0
SRabroad -1,600.0 -52.2
InSR 5,553.0 181.2
Portfolio investment 2,930.0 95.6
SRabroad 2,032.0 66.3
inSR 898.0 29.3
Other long-term financial account 31,790.1 984.1
Assets 5,096.7 136.4
Government 10,270.1 335.1
Disbursements 0.0 0.0
Repayments 10,270.1 335.1
Commerical banks -4,944.4 -191.2
Disbursements
Repayments
Enterprises -229.0 -7.5
Disbursements -648.0 -21.1
Repayments 419.0 13.7
Liabilities 26,693.4 847.7
Government -6,134.8 -203.6
Disbursements 1,901.2 61.2
IMF 0.0 0.0
WB 0.0 0.0
EXIMBANK 1,393.1 44.8
G24 0.0 0.0
EC 0.0 0.0
EIB 42.3 1.4
Other 465.8 15.0
Repayments -8,036.0 -264.8
Commercial banks 9,138.2 278.3
Disbursements n.a. n.a.
Repayments n.a. n.a.
Enterprises 23,690.0 773.0
Disbursements 37,973.0 1,239.0
Repayments -14,283.0 -466.0
Short-term financial account 25,043.0 871.7
Banking assets -18,600.8 -577.3
Banking liabilities 37,837.2 1,259.5
Enterprises assets 155.0 5.1
Enterprises liabilities 5,472.0 178.5
Other assets 0.0 0.0
Other liabilities 179.6 5.9
Total capital andfinancial account 64,625.1 2,110.1
Note: Exchange rateofUS$1 =SKK 30.647 used.WT/BOP/G/5
Page14
Slovak Republic -Balance ofPayments
January toJune 1997
Consolidated balance
SKK million US$million
Trade balance -32,571.0 -986.0
Exports, f.o.b. 144,757.0 4,381.9
Imports, f.o.b. 177,328.0 5,367.9
Services balance -433.0 -13.1
Receipts 32,732.0 990.8
Shipment andother 11,871.0 359.3
Travel 8,474.0 256.5
Other 12,387.0 375.0
Expenditures 33,165.0 1,003.9
Shipment andother 6,018.0 182.2
Travel 7,879.0 238.5
Other 19,268.0 583.3
Income balance -1,759.0 -53.2
Interest -1,235.0 -37.4
Income 2,152.0 65.1
Payments 3,387.0 102.5
Investment -710.0 -21.5
Income 83.0 2.5
Payments 793.0 24.0
Compensations ofemployees 186.0 5.6
Income 316.0 9.6
Payments 130.0 3.9
Current transfers 1,519.0 46.0
Official 214.0 6.5
Private 1,305.0 39.5
Current account -33,244.0 -1,006.3
Capital transfers 0.0 0.0
NetMLT financial account 9,109.7 244.5
Direct foreign investment -941.1 -28.5
Portfolio investment -4,476.0 -135.5
MLT Credits received 15,079.0 418.9
Disbursements 31,580.7 976.6
Repayments -16,501.7 -557.7
MLT Credits extended -552.2 -10.4
Netshort-term financial account 3,198.9 160.2
Total capital andfinancial account 12,308.6 404.7
Errors andomissions 12,595.0 348.9
Overall balance -8,340.4 -252.7
Change inreserves (-,inc) 8,340.4 252.7
Gold 351.1 10.2
Holding ofSDR -21.5 0.0
Foreign exchange assets 8,010.8 242.5
Note: Exchange rateofUS$1 =SKK 33.035 used.WT/BOP/G/5
Page15
Slovak Republic -detailed capital account
January toJune 1997
Consoldiated balance
SKK million US$million
Capital transfers 0.0 0.0
Direct investment -941.1 -28.5
SRabroad -1.985.0 -60.1
InSR11,043.9 31.6
Portfolio investment -4,476.0 -135.5
SRabroad2-4,435.0 -134.3
InSR -41.0 -1.2
Other long-term financial account 14,526.8 408.5
Assets -552.2 -10.4
Government 177.0 5.4
Disbursements 0.0 0.0
Repayments 177.0 5.4
Commercial Banks -800.2 -17.9
Disbursements
Repayments
Enterprises 71.0 2.1
Disbursements -113.0 -3.4
Repayments 184.0 5.6
Liabilities 15,079.0 418.9
Government 53.2 0.8
Disbursements 2,494.7 75.4
IMF 0.0 0.0
WB 0.0 0.0
EXIMBANK 1,335.3 40.4
G24 0.0 0.0
EC 0.0 0.0
EIB 0.0 0.0
Other repayments 1,159.4 35.0
Repayments -2,441.5 -74.6
Commercial Banks -1,078.2 -69.4
Disbursements 6,272.0 210.6
Repayments -7,350.2 -280.0
Enterprises 16,104.0 487.5
Disbursements 22,814.0 690.6
Repayments -6,710.0 -203.1
Short-term financial account 3,198.9 160.2
Banking assets -34,964.1 -1,057.6
Banking liabilities 37,658.0 1,202.5
Enterprises assets -1,727.0 -52.3
Enterprises liabilities 1,351.0 40.9
Other assets
Other liabilities 881.0 26.7
Total capital andfinancial account 12,308.6 404.7
1 Includes direct investment tobanking sector -SKK 567.1 million.
2. Includes portfolio investment ofbanking sector -SKK 4,575 million.
Note: Exchange rateofUS$1 =SKK 33.035 used.WT/BOP/G/5
Page16
Slovak Republic -current account
January toMay 1997
Receipts/Credit (+) Expenditures/Debit (-) Balance
SKK
millionUS$
millionSKK
millionUS$
millionSKK
millionUS$
million
GOODS 119,257.0 3,619.7 149,117.0 4,526.0 -29,860.0 -906.3
General merchandise 119,180.6 3,617.3 149,036.8 4,523.5 -29,856.2 -906.2
Non-monetary gold 76.4 2.3 80.2 2.4 -3.8 -0.1
SERVICES 26,177.0 794.5 25,700.0 780.0 477.0 14.5
Transportation 9,902.0 300.5 4,912.0 149.1 4,990.0 151.5
Railway transport 771,0 23.4 1,399.0 42.5 -628.0 -19.1
passenger 4.0 0.1 3.0 0.1 1.0 0.0
freight 767.0 23.3 1,396.0 42.4 -629.0 -19.1
Other transport 9,131.0 277.1 3,513.0 106.6 5,618.0 170.5
passenger 48.0 1.5 508.0 15.4 -460.0 -14.0
freight 2,518.0 76.4 1,283.0 38.9 1,235.0 37.5
other 6,565.0 199.3 1,722.0 52.3 4,843.0 147.0
ofwhich: transport gas&petrol 6,467.0 196.3 0.0 0.0 6,467.0 196.3
Travel 6,601.0 200.4 5,437.0 165.0 1,164.0 35.3
Business 0.0 0.0 2,040.0 61.9 -2,040.0 -61.9
Personal 6,601.0 200.4 3,397.0 103.1 3,204.0 97.2
Other services 9,674.0 293.6 15,351.0 465.9 -5,677.0 -172.3
Communication services 157.0 4.8 169.0 5.1 -12.0 -0.4
Construction services 1,501.0 45.6 1,058.0 32.1 443.0 13.4
Insurance services 258.0 7.8 481.0 14.6 -223.0 -6.8
Financial services 1,049.0 31.8 1,197.0 36.3 -148.0 -4.5
Legal, accounting andadvisory services 282.0 8.6 855.0 26.0 -573.0 -17.4
Computer andinformation services 172.0 5.2 350.0 10.6 -178.0 -5.4
Other business services 2,545.0 77.2 5,826.0 176.8 -3,281.0 -99.6
Services inother activities 3,710.0 112.6 5,415.0 164.4 -1,705.0 -51.7
INCOME 2,052.0 62.3 3,361.0 102.0 -1,309.0 -39.7
Compensation ofemployees 265.0 8.0 112.0 3.4 153.0 4.6
Investment income 1,787.0 54.2 3,249.0 98.6 -1,462.0 -44.4
Direct investment 1,370.0 41.6 1,513.0 45.9 -143.0 -4.3
Income onequity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Income ondebt(interest) 1,370.0 41.6 1,513.0 45.9 -143.0 -4.3
Portfolio investment 59.0 1.8 504.0 15.3 -445.0 -13.5
Income onequity 59.0 1.8 504.0 15.3 -445.0 -13.5
Income ondebt(interest) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other investment 358.0 10.9 1,232.0 37.4 -874.0 -26.5
CURRENT TRANSFERS 5,038.0 152.9 3,796.0 115.2 1,242.0 37.7
Government 463.0 14.1 332.0 10.1 131.0 4.0
Other 4,575.0 138.9 3,464.0 105.1 1,111.0 33.7
CURRENT ACCOUNT 152,524.0 4,629.4 181,974.0 5,523.2 -29,450.0 -893.9
Note: Exchange rateofUS$1 =SKK 32.947 used.WT/BOP/G/5
Page17
1977Official reserves ofNBS
(US$ million)Short-term assets of
Commercial Banks
(US$ million)Total
(US$ million)
January 3,434.4 2,253.8 5,688.2
February 3,471.7 2,418.6 5,890.3
March 3,453.1 2,447.3 5,900.4
April 3,346.9 2,610.6 5,957.5
May 2,974.0 2,797.2 5,771.2
June* 3,018.2 3,220.9 6,239.1
* Datafrom daily form.
Covering ofimports ofgoods andservices byreserves ofNBS
Number ofmonths
1995 3.9
1996 3.2
January 1997 3.4
February 1997 3.4
March 1997 3.4
April 1997 3.1
May1997 2.8
June1997** 2.8
** Average monthly imports goods andservices calculated from January toMay.WT/BOP/G/5
Page18
Ministry oftheEconomy oftheSlovak Republic
Department ofForeign Trade Policy
Foreign trade oftheSlovak Republic, theglobal survey bycountry oforigin/destination, January-June 1997
Imports (f.o.b.)
Territory 1996 1997 Index
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million %oftotal 97/96
TOTAL IMPORTS 157,423.9 5,181.3 177,328.5 5,367.9 100.0 112.6
ofwhich:
CEFTA 48,085.9 1,582.7 52,394.8 1,586.0 29.5 109.0
Czech Republic 39,939.3 1,314.5 41,610.8 1,259.6 23.5 104.2
Hungary 2,856.6 94.0 4,163.8 126.0 2.3 145.8
Poland 3,900.6 128.4 5,068.4 153.4 2.9 129.9
Slovenia 779.0 25.6 862.6 26.1 0.5 110.7
OECD 115,104.6 3,788.5 133,755.3 4,048.9 75.4 116.2
EU 56,198.2 1,849.7 69,548.7 2,105.3 39.2 123.8
Belgium 1,952.3 64.3 2,656.5 80.4 1.5 136.1
Germany 22,660.2 745.8 27,244.5 824.7 15.4 120.2
Denmark 893.3 29.4 1,138.2 34.5 0.6 127.4
Spain 1,168.1 38.4 1,575.2 47.7 0.9 134.9
France 4,468.3 147.1 6,336.1 191.8 3.6 141.8
United Kingdom 2,803.6 92.3 4,212.6 127.5 2.4 150.3
Greece 189.4 6.2 256.5 7.8 0.1 135.4
Ireland 414.5 13.6 556.8 16.9 0.3 134.3
Italy 9,038.3 297.5 9,672.2 292.8 5.5 107.0
Luxembourg 41.7 1.4 68.8 2.1 0.0 165.1
Netherlands 2,880.6 94.8 3,775.6 114.3 2.1 131.1
Portugal 69.6 2.3 76.7 2.3 0.0 110.2
Austria 7,292.0 240.0 8,499.0 257.3 4.8 116.6
Finland 1,250.3 41.2 1,646.5 49.8 0.9 131.7
Sweden 1,076.0 35.4 1,833.5 55.5 1.0 170.4
EFTA 2,678.1 88.1 3,060.1 92.6 1.7 114.3
Switzerland 2,429.8 80.0 2,699.1 81.7 1.5 111.1
Iceland 6.3 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 8.7
Lichtenstein 9.1 0.3 35.0 1.1 0.0 382.2
Norway 232.9 7.7 325.5 9.9 0.2 139.7
Other OECD: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia 198.2 6.5 224.7 6.8 0.1 113.4
Canada 393.4 12.9 622.9 18.9 0.4 158.4
Japan 2,367.0 77.9 2,816.3 85.3 1.6 119.0
Mexico 88.8 2.9 135.4 4.1 0.1 152.4
NewZealand 5.9 0.2 13.3 0.4 0.0 226.9
United States 4,046.7 133.2 5,577.0 168.8 3.1 137.8
Turkey 467.4 15.4 324.6 9.8 0.2 69.5
Imports (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page19
Territory 1996 1997 Index
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million %oftotal 97/96
Other States with
economy intransition:
Bulgaria 141.5 4.7 110.3 3.3 0.1 78.0
Romania 177.8 5.9 307.5 9.3 0.2 173.0
Russia 30,056.3 989.2 27,288.5 826.0 15.4 90.8
Ukraine 2,066.6 68.0 4,608.3 139.5 2.6 223.0
Croatia 267.8 8.8 451.7 13.7 0.3 168.7
Other States with
market economy:
South Africa 356.8 11.7 373.8 11.3 0.2 104.8
Israel 178.1 5.9 523.8 15.9 0.3 294.2
Other countries with
statetrading system:
China 1,060.6 34.9 1,550.0 46.9 0.9 146.1
Cuba 1.4 0.0 7.1 0.2 0.0 492.5
Viet-Nam 33.4 1.1 73.6 2.2 0.0 220.5
Asian developing
countries
ofwhich:
Indonesia 250.1 8.2 360.1 10.9 0.2 144.0
India 394.1 13.0 409.5 12.4 0.2 103.9
Iran 40.1 1.3 45.7 1.4 0.0 113.9
Malaysia 585.1 19.3 579.9 17.6 0.3 99.1
Syria 4.9 0.2 8.5 0.3 0.0 174.3
Thailand 187.4 6.2 239.6 7.3 0.1 127.8
Republic ofKorea 1,964.4 64.7 589.2 17.8 0.3 30.0
African developing
countries
ofwhich:
Egypt 45.7 1.5 23.5 0.7 0.0 51.4
American developing
countries
ofwhich:
Argentina 57.5 1.9 50.1 1.5 0.0 87.1
Chile 12.4 0.4 20.7 0.6 0.0 166.9
Brazil 270.4 8.9 303.5 9.2 0.2 112.2
Peru 120.9 4.0 167.0 5.1 0.1 138.1WT/BOP/G/5
Page20
Exports
Territory 1996 1997 Index
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million %oftotal 97/96
TOTAL EXPORTS 128,251.3 4,221.2 144,756.8 4,381.9 100.0 112.9
ofwhich:
CEFTA 54,503.5 1,793.9 57,355.1 1,736.2 39.6 105.2
Czech Republic 41,304.3 1,359.5 40,084.2 1,213.4 27.7 97.0
Hungary 5,215.1 171.6 6,493.0 196.5 4.5 124.5
Poland 5,878.8 193.5 8,162.9 247.1 5.6 138.9
Slovenia 1,284.7 42.3 1,678.6 50.8 1.2 130.7
OECD 108,929.7 3,585.2 124,820.8 3,778.4 86.2 114.6
ofwhich:
EU 53,118.0 1,748.3 64,971.5 1,966.7 44.9 122.3
Belgium 1,312.4 43.2 2,219.7 67.2 1.5 169.1
Germany 25,875.9 851.7 33,606.3 1,017.3 23.2 129.9
Denmark 477.5 15.7 443.4 13.4 0.3 92.9
Spain 849.5 28.0 1,086.2 32.9 0.8 127.9
France 3,224.4 106.1 2,970.8 89.9 2.1 92.1
United Kingdom 2,131.6 70.2 2,370.3 71.7 1.6 111.2
Greece 537.8 17.7 516.1 15.6 0.4 96.0
Ireland 93.2 3.1 134.4 4.1 0.1 144.2
Italy 6,798.6 223.8 7,939.2 240.3 5.5 116.8
Luxembourg 322.0 10.6 94.5 2.9 0.1 29.3
Netherlands 2,683.9 88.3 2,811.4 85.1 1.9 104.8
Portugal 119.7 3.9 187.4 5.7 0.1 156.5
Austria 7,584.0 249.6 9,455.9 286.2 6.5 124.7
Finland 466.0 15.3 437.7 13.2 0.3 93.9
Sweden 641.6 21.1 698.2 21.1 0.5 108.8
EFTA 1,313.8 43.2 1,678.5 50.8 1.2 127.8
Switzerland 1,075.3 35.4 1,478.6 44.8 1.0 137.5
Iceland 11.3 0.4 11.0 0.3 0.0 97.8
Lichtenstein 44.1 1.5 44.3 1.3 0.0 100.4
Norway 183.1 6.0 144.6 4.4 0.1 79.0
Other OECD: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia 95.6 3.1 96.2 2.9 0.1 100.7
Canada 135.3 4.5 312.4 9.5 0.2 231.0
Japan 302.8 10.0 185.9 5.6 0.1 61.4
Mexico 12.9 0.4 117.1 3.5 0.1 908.4
NewZealand 2.5 0.1 1.8 0.1 0.0 71.0
United States 1,179.4 38.8 2,308.3 69.9 1.6 195.7
Turkey 282.1 9.3 337.9 10.2 0.2 119.8
Exports (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page21
Territory 1996 1997 Index
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million %oftotal 97/96
Other States with
economy intransition:
Bulgaria 353.4 11.6 206.2 6.2 0.1 58.3
Romania 808.1 26.6 859.4 26.0 0.6 106.3
Russia 4,559.5 150.1 4,357.1 131.9 3.0 95.6
Ukraine 3,340.9 110.0 4,253.6 128.8 2.9 127.3
Croatia 1,016.7 33.5 1,325.0 40.1 0.9 130.3
Other States with
market economy:
South Africa 118.5 3.9 51.9 1.6 0.0 43.8
Israel 85.5 2.8 83.7 2.5 0.1 97.9
Other countries with
statetrading system:
China 805.1 26.5 269.3 8.2 0.2 33.4
Cuba 46.6 1.5 55.9 1.7 0.0 119.9
Viet-Nam 12.5 0.4 16.6 0.5 0.0 132.1
Asian developing
countries
ofwhich:
Indonesia 280.8 9.2 179.4 5.4 0.1 63.9
India 776.0 25.5 600.7 18.2 0.4 77.4
Iran 174.1 5.7 168.5 5.1 0.1 96.8
Malaysia 201.0 6.6 113.1 3.4 0.1 56.3
Syria 328.6 10.8 131.5 4.0 0.1 40.0
Thailand 240.2 7.9 59.0 1.8 0.0 24.5
Republic ofKorea 89.2 2.9 71.1 2.2 0.0 79.8
African developing
countries
ofwhich:
Egypt 312.7 10.3 142.4 4.3 0.1 45.5
American developing
countries
ofwhich:
Argentina 218.3 7.2 265.6 8.0 0.2 121.7
Chile 9.8 0.3 5.4 0.2 0.0 55.0
Brazil 114.2 3.8 111.7 3.4 0.1 97.8
Peru 26.1 0.9 13.7 0.4 0.0 52.6WT/BOP/G/5
Page22
Turnover
Territory 1996 1997 Index
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million %oftotal 97/96
TOTAL TURNOVER 285,675.2 9,402.5 322,085.3 9,749.8 100.0 112.7
ofwhich:
CEFTA 102,589.4 3,376.5 109,749.9 3,322.2 34.1 107.0
Czech Republic 81,243.6 2,674.0 81,695.0 2,473.0 25.4 100.6
Hungary 8,071.7 265.7 10,656.8 322.6 3.3 132.0
Poland 9,779.4 321.9 13,231.2 400.5 4.1 135.3
Slovenia 2,063.7 67.9 2,541.2 76.9 0.8 123.1
OECD 224,034.3 7,373.7 258,576.0 7,827.3 80.3 115.4
ofwhich:
EU 109,316.2 3,597.9 134,520.2 4,072.1 41.8 123.1
Belgium 3,264.7 107.4 4,876.2 147.6 1.5 149.4
Germany 48,536.1 1,597.5 60,850.8 1,842.0 18.9 125.4
Denmark 1,370.8 45.1 1,581.7 47.9 0.5 115.4
Spain 2,017.6 66.4 2,661.3 80.6 0.8 131.9
France 7,692.7 253.2 9,306.9 281.7 2.9 121.0
United Kingdom 4,935.3 162.4 6,582.8 199.3 2.0 133.4
Greece 727.2 23.9 772.7 23.4 0.2 106.3
Ireland 507.7 16.7 691.2 20.9 0.2 136.1
Italy 15,836.8 521.2 17,611.4 533.1 5.5 111.2
Luxembourg 363.7 12.0 163.3 4.9 0.1 44.9
Netherlands 5,564.4 183.1 6,587.0 199.4 2.0 118.4
Portugal 189.4 6.2 264.2 8.0 0.1 139.5
Austria 14,876.0 489.6 17,954.9 543.5 5.6 120.7
Finland 1,716.3 56.5 2,084.1 63.1 0.6 121.4
Sweden 1,717.6 56.5 2,531.7 76.6 0.8 147.4
EFTA 3,992.0 131.4 4,738.6 143.4 1.5 118.7
Switzerland 3,505.1 115.4 4,177.7 126.5 1.3 119.2
Iceland 17.6 0.6 11.6 0.4 0.0 65.7
Lichtenstein 53.3 1.8 79.3 2.4 0.0 148.8
Norway 416.0 13.7 470.0 14.2 0.1 113.0
Other OECD:
Australia 293.8 9.7 320.9 9.7 0.1 109.2
Canada 528.6 17.4 935.3 28.3 0.3 176.9
Japan 2,669.8 87.9 3,002.1 90.9 0.9 112.4
Mexico 101.7 3.3 252.5 7.6 0.1 248.2
NewZealand 8.4 0.3 15.1 0.5 0.0 180.0
United States 5,226.1 172.0 7,885.4 238.7 2.4 150.9
Turkey 749.5 24.7 662.5 20.1 0.2 88.4
Turnover (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page23
Territory 1996 1997 Index
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million %oftotal 97/96
Other States with
economy intransition:
Bulgaria 494.9 16.3 316.4 9.6 0.1 63.9
Romania 985.9 32.4 1,167.0 35.3 0.4 118.4
Russia 34,615.9 1,139.3 31,645.6 957.9 9.8 91.4
Ukraine 5,407.4 178.0 8,861.9 268.3 2.8 163.9
Croatia 1,284.5 42.3 1,776.8 53.8 0.6 138.3
Other States with
market economy:
South Africa 475.3 15.6 425.7 12.9 0.1 89.6
Israel 263.5 8.7 607.5 18.4 0.2 230.5
Other countries with
statetrading system:
China 1,865.7 61.4 1,819.2 55.1 0.6 97.5
Cuba 48.0 1.6 62.9 1.9 0.0 131.1
Viet-Nam 45.9 1.5 90.2 2.7 0.0 196.3
Asian developing
countries
ofwhich:
Indonesia 530.9 17.5 539.5 16.3 0.2 101.6
India 1,170.0 38.5 1,010.3 30.6 0.3 86.3
Iran 214.2 7.0 214.2 6.5 0.1 100.0
Malaysia 786.0 25.9 693.1 21.0 0.2 88.2
Syria 333.5 11.0 140.0 4.2 0.0 42.0
Thailand 427.6 14.1 298.5 9.0 0.1 69.8
Republic ofKorea 2,053.6 67.6 660.3 20.0 0.2 32.2
African developing
countries
ofwhich:
Egypt 358.4 11.8 165.9 5.0 0.1 46.3
American developing
countries
ofwhich:
Argentina 275.8 9.1 315.7 9.6 0.1 114.5
Chile 22.2 0.7 26.1 0.8 0.0 117.6
Brazil 384.6 12.7 415.1 12.6 0.1 108.0
Peru 147.0 4.8 180.7 5.5 0.1 122.9WT/BOP/G/5
Page24
Balance
Territory 1996 1997
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million
TOTAL BALANCE -29,172.5 -960.2 -32,571.6 -986.0
ofwhich:
CEFTA 6,417.6 211.2 4,960.3 150.2
Czech Republic 1,365.0 44.9 -1,526.6 -46.2
Hungary 2,358.5 77.6 2,329.2 70.5
Poland 1,978.2 65.1 3,094.5 93.7
Slovenia 505.6 16.6 816.0 24.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
OECD -6,174.9 -203.2 -8,934.5 -270.5
ofwhich: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
EU -3,080.1 -101.4 -4,577.2 -138.6
Belgium -639.9 -21.1 -436.8 -13.2
Germany 3,215.7 105.8 6,361.8 192.6
Denmark -415.8 -13.7 -694.8 -21.0
Spain -318.5 -10.5 -489.0 -14.8
France -1,243.9 -40.9 -3,365.2 -101.9
United Kingdom -672.0 -22.1 -1,842.3 -55.8
Greece 348.4 11.5 259.6 7.9
Ireland -321.3 -10.6 -422.4 -12.8
Italy -2,239.7 -73.7 -1,733.0 -52.5
Luxembourg 280.4 9.2 25.7 0.8
Netherlands -196.7 -6.5 -964.2 -29.2
Portugal 50.1 1.6 110.7 3.4
Austria 292.0 9.6 956.9 29.0
Finland -784.4 -25.8 -1,208.8 -36.6
Sweden -434.4 -14.3 -1,135.3 -34.4
EFTA -1,364.3 -44.9 -1,381.6 -41.8
Switzerland -1,354.5 -44.6 -1,220.6 -36.9
Iceland 4.9 0.2 10.5 0.3
Lichtenstein 35.0 1.2 9.4 0.3
Norway -49.8 -1.6 -180.9 -5.5
Other OECD: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia -102.7 -3.4 -128.5 -3.9
Canada -258.1 -8.5 -310.5 -9.4
Japan -2,064.3 -67.9 -2,630.4 -79.6
Mexico -75.9 -2.5 -18.2 -0.6
NewZealand -3.3 -0.1 -11.5 -0.3
United States -2,867.4 -94.4 -3,268.7 -98.9
Turkey -185.3 -6.1 13.3 0.4
Balance (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page25
Territory 1996 1997
SKK million US$million SKK million US$million
Other States witheconomy in
transition:
Bulgaria 212.0 7.0 95.9 2.9
Romania 630.4 20.7 551.9 16.7
Russia -25,496.8 -839.2 -22,931.4 -694.2
Ukraine 1,274.3 41.9 -354.8 -10.7
Croatia 748.9 24.6 873.3 26.4
Other States withmarket
economy:
South Africa -238.3 -7.8 -321.9 -9.7
Israel -92.6 -3.0 -440.1 -13.3
Other countries withstate
trading system:
China -255.4 -8.4 -1,280.7 -38.8
Cuba 45.1 1.5 48.8 1.5
Viet-Nam -20.9 -0.7 -57.1 -1.7
Asian developing countries
ofwhich:
Indonesia 30.8 1.0 -180.7 -5.5
India 381.9 12.6 191.2 5.8
Iran 134.0 4.4 122.8 3.7
Malaysia -384.1 -12.6 -466.8 -14.1
Syria 323.8 10.7 123.0 3.7
Thailand 52.8 1.7 -180.6 -5.5
Republic ofKorea -1,875.3 -61.7 -518.1 -15.7
African developing countries
ofwhich:
Egypt 267.0 8.8 119.0 3.6
American developing countries
ofwhich:
Argentina 160.8 5.3 215.5 6.5
Chile -2.6 -0.1 -15.3 -0.5
Brazil -156.2 -5.1 -191.8 -5.8
Peru -94.8 -3.1 -153.3 -4.6
Notes: DataofOECD in1996areadopted atthelevelof1997 (figures ofEU,EFTA, Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, NewZealand,
United States, Turkey, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Republic ofKorea areincluded instatistics ofOECD).
DatainU.S.dollars arecalculated onthebasisofanaverage exchange ratewithin acertain period inaccordance withtheExchange
Listissued bytheNational Bank ofSlovakia.
Source: Official statistics produced bytheStatistical Office oftheSlovak Republic.
Compiled attheForeign Trade Policy Department by:Viera Bellušová. Head ofDepartment: Štefan Burda.WT/BOP/G/5
Page26
Imports bySITC rev.3 1993-97
(SKK million (f.o.b.))
Indicator Jan.-Dec.
1993Jan.-Dec.
1994Jan.-Dec.
1995Jan.-Dec.
1996Jan.-Jun
1996Jan.-Jun
1997
TOTAL IMPORTS 195,033.5 211,811.1 260,790.5 340,903.2 157423.9 177,328.5
ofwhich:
0 Food andliveanimals 14,292.8 14,695.7 17,979.8 20,562.2 9,748.3 11,803.3
1 Beverages andtobacco 2,839.3 2,734.3 2,858.3 3,687.3 1,688.2 2,146.5
2 Crude materials 10,054.2 11,175.2 15,629.6 16,662.7 8,640.2 8,269.3
3 Fuels andrelated products 40,770.4 40,795.9 45,646.5 57,047.0 26,510.5 31,220.1
4 Animal andplant oils,fats
andwaxes480.6 608.3 522.9 595.2 223.3 340.2
5 Chemicals andrelated
products22,168.5 27,928.3 35,360.5 39,292.5 19,303.1 22,046.2
6 Intermediate manufactured
products29,456.6 35,681.3 46,410.3 52,116.7 25,068.6 27,389.8
7 Machinery andtransport
equipment57,048.8 58,609.3 75,375.1 120,061.9 53,687.2 58,769.1
8 Miscellaneous manufactured
articles17,584.5 19,215.7 20,755.8 30,513.4 12,397.3 15,234.9
9 Other commodities 337.7 367.0 251.9 364.1 157.2 109.0
Exports bySITC rev.3, 1993-97
(SKK million (f.o.b.))
Indicator Jan.-Dec.
1993Jan.-Dec.
1994Jan.-Dec.
1995Jan.-Dec.
1996Jan.-Jun
1996Jan.-Jun
1997
TOTAL EXPORTS 167,724.4 214,375.1 255,096.2 270,643.5 128,251.3 144,756.8
ofwhich:
0 Food andliveanimals 9,215.7 9,716.7 12,826.2 10,152.9 4,697.2 4,849.9
1 Beverages andtobacco 1,479.8 2,010.6 2,229.2 1,948.1 843.6 1,056.8
2 Crude materials 8,250.8 10,974.1 13,001.1 12,055.2 5,641.4 6,997.1
3 Fuels andrelated products 8,253.8 9,944.3 10,780.0 13,311.3 5,428.6 7,484.6
4 Animal andplant oils,fats
andwaxes171.5 217.9 273.8 369.3 216.4 206.3
5 Chemicals andrelated
products20,155.4 27,624.8 33,662.8 33,613.9 16,398.5 16,798.2
6 Intermediate manufactured
products64,999.2 84,384.6 103,152.4 103,571.7 51,858.3 52,799.2
7 Machinery andtransport
equipment32,559.9 40,735.0 48,014.2 62,734.5 27,570.4 38,910.0
8 Miscellaneous manufactured
articles22,492.5 28,634.3 31,087.9 32,664.2 15,562.5 15,582.0
9 Other commodities 145.9 132.9 68.5 222.4 34.4 72.8WT/BOP/G/5
Page27
Balance bySITC rev.3, 1993-97
(SKK million)
Indicator Jan.-Dec.
1993Jan.-Dec.
1994Jan.-Dec.
1995Jan.-Dec.
1996Jan.-Jun
1996Jan.-Jun
1997
TOTAL BALANCE -27,309.1 2,564.1 -5,694.4 -70,259.8 -29,172.5 -32,571.6
ofwhich:
0 Food andliveanimals -5,077.1 -4,978.9 -5,153.6 -10,409.3 -5,051.1 -6,953.4
1 Beverages andtobacco -1,359.5 -723.7 -629.0 -1,739.2 -844.6 -1,089.7
2 Crude materials -1,803.5 -201.1 -2,628.5 -4,607.6 -2,998.8 -1,272.3
3 Fuels andrelated products -32,516.7 -30,851.7 -34,866.5 -43,735.7 -21,081.9 -23,735.5
4 Animal andplant oils,fats
andwaxes-309.1 -390.4 -249.1 -225.9 -6.9 -133.9
5 Chemicals andrelated
products-2,013.1 -303.5 -1,697.6 -5,678.6 -2,904.6 -5,248.0
6 Intermediate manufactured
products35,542.6 48,703.3 56,742.1 51,455.0 26,789.7 25,409.4
7 Machinery andtransport
equipment-24,489.0 -17,874.4 -27,361.0 -57,327.4 -26,116.8 -19,859.2
8 Miscellaneous manufactured
articles4,908.0 9,418.6 10,332.2 2,150.8 3,165.2 347.1
9 Other commodities -191.9 -234.1 -183.4 -141.7 -122.7 -36.2WT/BOP/G/5
Page28
Ministry ofEconomy oftheSlovak Republic
Department ofForeign Trade Policy
Foreign Trade oftheSlovak Republic bycountry oforigin/destination
Imports
(SKK million, f.o.b.)
Index
Territory 1993 1994 1995 1996 94/93 95/94 96/95
TOTAL IMPORTS 195,033.5 211,811.1 260,790.5 340,903.2 108.6 123.1 130.7
ofwhich:
CEFTA 77,434.2 73,002.4 87,757.2 101,306.8 94.3 120.2 115.4
Czech Republic 70,035.1 62,729.1 72,366.4 82,990.0 89.6 115.4 114.7
Hungary 2,603.0 3,548.4 5,744.5 6,800.9 136.3 161.9 118.4
Poland 3,792.2 5,046.9 7,235.7 8,297.2 133.1 143.4 114.7
Slovenia 811.6 947.6 1,428.5 1,741.3 116.8 150.8 121.9
OECD 142,110.3 155,851.6 194,383.6 254,454.7 109.7 124.7 130.9
ofwhich:
EU 54,467.9 70,821.0 90,648.4 127,093.3 130.0 128.0 140.2
Belgium 1,596.5 2,431.7 3,068.4 4,734.5 152.3 126.2 154.3
Germany 22,272.7 28,453.3 37,213.4 49,808.2 127.7 130.8 133.8
Denmark 856.1 1,296.9 1,512.8 1,938.9 151.5 116.6 128.2
Spain 799.4 1,282.8 1,831.3 3,026.5 160.5 142.8 165.3
France 2,940.3 4,730.2 6,383.4 11,043.0 160.9 134.9 173.0
United Kingdom 2,452.9 3,385.9 4,407.9 6,434.0 138.0 130.2 146.0
Greece 475.9 300.1 347.8 344.1 63.0 115.9 98.9
Ireland 265.9 446.2 541.1 870.1 167.8 121.3 160.8
Italy 5,840.2 9,280.1 12,065.3 20,321.6 158.9 130.0 168.4
Luxembourg 42.1 222.6 175.4 165.2 528.7 78.8 94.2
Netherlands 2,554.3 3,526.5 4,478.4 6,286.1 138.1 127.0 140.4
Portugal 46.5 86.7 115.4 138.8 186.6 133.0 120.3
Austria 12,144.8 12,224.6 13,310.9 16,482.2 100.7 108.9 123.8
Finland 1,222.6 1,767.2 2,189.3 2,758.5 144.5 123.9 126.0
Sweden 957.6 1,386.2 3,007.6 2,741.4 144.8 217.0 91.1
EFTA 2,949.2 3,336.1 4,937.8 5,601.2 113.1 148.0 113.4
Switzerland 2,424.0 3,045.5 4,311.0 5,006.3 125.6 141.6 116.1
Iceland 2.2 2.2 8.2 19.6 99.8 372.6 237.6
Lichtenstein 96.5 71.2 93.7 40.9 73.7 131.7 43.6
Norway 426.4 217.2 524.8 534.5 50.9 241.6 101.9
Other OECD:
Australia 303.4 352.9 462.9 374.3 116.3 131.2 80.8
Canada 551.0 371.2 601.7 893.1 67.4 162.1 148.4
Japan 2,253.6 2,613.4 3,885.3 6,275.9 116.0 148.7 161.5
Mexico 35.3 84.2 173.1 130.5 238.5 205.5 75.4
NewZealand 21.0 19.9 12.9 24.0 95.1 64.6 186.6
United States 3,439.8 6,014.6 6,401.2 9,188.6 174.9 106.4 143.5
Turkey 460.8 376.9 797.0 909.7 81.8 211.4 114.1
Imports (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page29
Index
Territory 1993 1994 1995 1996 94/93 95/94 96/95
Other States witheconomy
intransition:
Bulgaria 323.0 330.8 330.6 298.4 102.4 99.9 90.3
Romania 220.0 245.5 316.2 471.3 111.6 128.8 149.1
Russia 38,078.2 38,152.9 43,294.4 59,282.9 100.2 113.5 136.9
Ukraine 4,686.4 3,799.7 3,647.2 5,312.2 81.1 96.0 145.7
Croatia 421.3 555.7 602.3 692.9 131.9 108.4 115.0
Other states withmarket
economy:
South Africa 191.7 531.4 927.5 691.9 277.1 174.5 74.6
Israel 124.7 242.7 335.4 559.5 194.6 138.2 166.8
Other countries withstate
trading system:
China 919.3 1,205.7 1,720.2 2,528.2 131.2 142.7 147.0
Cuba 11.9 5.4 3.5 3.3 45.2 65.3 95.1
Viet-Nam 32.9 38.7 65.6 108.6 117.5 169.7 165.6
Asian developing countries 3,905.3 4,284.6 6,909.1 109.7 161.3 0.0
ofwhich:
Indonesia 112.1 274.9 486.1 538.3 245.3 176.8 110.7
India 289.1 571.7 927.4 814.1 197.8 162.2 87.8
Iran 32.8 37.7 81.3 90.7 115.0 215.5 111.6
Malaysia 192.5 270.5 791.7 1,124.0 140.5 292.7 142.0
Syria 10.3 24.5 12.9 15.6 237.4 52.8 120.6
Thailand 147.6 248.7 386.0 436.3 168.5 155.2 113.0
Republic ofKorea 1,198.1 537.0 1,117.0 5,876.0 44.8 208.0 526.1
African developing
countries414.9 565.6 831.6 136.3 147.0 0.0
ofwhich:
Egypt 52.6 71.7 122.2 70.6 136.4 170.5 57.71
American developing
countries1,672.9 2,227.7 2,577.6 133.2 115.7 0.0
ofwhich:
Argentina 364.9 203.6 184.7 115.2 55.8 90.7 62.4
Chile 10.0 16.9 164.3 28.5 169.2 975.1 17.4
Brazil 264.8 501.1 469.2 569.1 189.2 93.6 121.3
Peru 105.3 151.6 226.2 266.3 144.0 149.2 117.8WT/BOP/G/5
Page30
Exports
(SKK million, f.o.b.)
Index
Territory 1993 1994 1995 1996 94/93 95/94 96/95
TOTAL EXPORTS 167,724.4 214,375.1 255,096.2 270,643.5 127.8 119.0 106.1
ofwhich:
CEFTA 84,800.4 99,479.3 115,817.1 113,843.7 117.3 116.4 98.3
Czech Republic 71,124.1 80,153.5 89,920.1 83,909.7 112.7 112.2 93.3
Hungary 7,614.5 11,718.0 11,623.4 12,362.7 153.9 99.2 106.4
Poland 4,892.5 6,064.9 11,240.2 13,094.6 124.0 185.3 116.5
Slovenia 1,162.4 1,467.0 2,854.7 2,705.9 126.2 194.6 94.8
OECD 138,341.5 182,101.5 216,662.6 229,889.8 131.6 119.0 106.1
ofwhich:
EU 49,547.5 74,957.9 95,394.7 111,687.5 151.3 127.3 117.1
Belgium 1,579.4 2,577.9 2,646.0 3,014.5 163.2 102.6 113.9
Germany 25,490.0 36,649.8 47,947.6 57,345.2 143.8 130.8 119.6
Denmark 263.1 629.0 847.3 972.5 239.1 134.7 114.8
Spain 557.3 1,274.2 1,838.4 1,665.6 228.7 144.3 90.6
France 2,666.7 3,629.8 5,095.2 5,722.3 136.1 140.4 112.3
United Kingdom 1,699.2 2,743.0 3,343.1 4,153.4 161.4 121.9 124.2
Greece 602.6 644.5 779.9 1,000.2 106.9 121.0 128.2
Ireland 78.7 162.3 158.1 232.6 206.2 97.4 147.1
Italy 4,570.7 9,237.5 12,291.7 13,199.8 202.1 133.1 107.4
Luxembourg 50.6 145.1 141.1 423.2 286.9 97.3 299.8
Netherlands 2,647.5 3,811.7 4,483.8 5,108.7 144.0 117.6 113.9
Portugal 78.2 225.7 280.7 259.0 288.5 124.3 92.3
Austria 8,336.0 11,258.0 12,663.5 16,363.5 135.1 112.5 129.2
Finland 308.5 696.7 1134.8 1,007.3 225.9 162.9 88.8
Sweden 619.1 1,272.8 1,743.3 1,219.8 205.6 137.0 70.0
EFTA 1,233.4 1,808.1 2,525.9 3,250.2 146.6 139.7 128.7
Switzerland 1,049.5 1,481.4 1,953.7 2,846.2 141.1 131.9 145.7
Iceland 10.1 26.8 27.1 20.5 264.2 101.3 75.5
Lichtenstein 70.4 108.4 139.3 93.9 153.9 128.5 67.4
Norway 103.4 191.6 405.7 289.7 185.4 211.8 71.4
Other OECD:
Australia 96.1 111.3 132.6 189.6 115.7 119.1 143.0
Canada 267.5 1,194.1 596.6 335.1 446.3 50.0 56.2
Japan 238.1 199.3 525.4 582.7 83.7 263.6 110.9
Mexico 31.0 931.1 87.6 36.8 3,000.4 9.4 42.0
NewZealand 6.0 8.5 1.6 5.8 142.7 19.3 354.6
United States 1,853.1 3,466.2 3,191.2 3,636.2 187.1 92.1 113.9
Turkey 1,273.1 938.3 1,214.5 581.0 73.7 129.4 47.8
Exports (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page31
Exports
(SKK million, f.o.b.)
Index
Other States witheconomy
intransition:
Bulgaria 512.0 373.2 538.8 602.7 72.9 144.4 111.9
Romania 740.7 855.1 1,267.3 1,752.0 115.4 148.2 138.3
Russia 7,886.1 8,893.2 9,835.8 9,432.7 112.8 110.6 95.9
Ukraine 4,300.4 3,739.2 5,672.2 7,240.7 87.0 151.7 127.7
Croatia 1,476.7 1,943.0 2,150.9 2,248.4 131.6 110.7 104.5
Other States withmarket
economy:
South Africa 89.4 105.7 248.9 193.6 118.2 235.5 77.8
Israel 253.6 571.4 439.7 240.9 225.4 76.9 54.8
Other countries withstate
trading system:
China 2,016.6 739.4 504.4 1,183.6 36.7 68.2 234.6
Cuba 65.3 59.1 60.9 117.4 90.5 102.9 192.8
Viet-Nam 34.4 76.7 246.6 21.8 223.0 321.4 8.8
Asian developing countries 6,883.0 8,078.4 7,235.2 117.4 89.6 0.0
ofwhich:
Indonesia 474.4 397.1 323.8 674.0 83.7 81.5 208.2
India 447.3 1,961.2 1,994.1 1,983.2 438.5 101.7 99.5
Iran 365.4 214.3 204.9 476.8 58.7 95.6 232.7
Malaysia 60.8 654.5 595.4 401.6 1,076.5 91.0 67.4
Syria 1,462.2 786.6 514.6 454.0 53.8 65.4 88.2
Thailand 2,442.9 1,697.1 565.7 643.8 69.5 33.3 113.8
Republic ofKorea 164.4 550.2 208.7 217.9 334.7 37.9 104.5
African developing
countries1,262.4 1,632.6 2,067.6 129.3 126.6 0.0
ofwhich:
Egypt 579.2 603.6 634.2 514.4 104.2 105.1 81.1
American developing
countries575.1 1,115.7 1,711.9 194.0 153.4 0.0
ofwhich:
Argentina 94.2 341.5 345.8 407.2 362.3 101.3 117.8
Chile 8.3 40.7 125.7 68.0 492.7 308.5 54.1
Brazil 67.9 107.8 263.4 256.8 158.7 244.4 97.5
Peru 4.5 30.2 66.8 41.8 676.9 220.9 62.5WT/BOP/G/5
Page32
Turnover
(SKK million, f.o.b.)
Index
Territory 1993 1994 1995 1996 94/93 95/94 96/95
TOTAL TURNOVER 362,758.0 426,186.2 515,886.7 611,546.7 117.5 121.0 118.5
ofwhich:
CEFTA 162,234.6 172,481.7 203,574.3 215,150.5 106.3 118.0 105.7
Czech Republic 141,159.2 142,882.6 162,286.4 166,899.7 101.2 113.6 102.8
Hungary 10,217.5 15,266.4 17,367.9 19,163.6 149.4 113.8 110.3
Poland 8,684.7 11,111.7 18,475.9 21,391.8 127.9 166.3 115.8
Slovenia 1,974.0 2,414.6 4,283.2 4,447.2 122.3 177.4 103.8
OECD 280,451.8 337,953.1 411,046.2 484,344.5 120.5 121.6 117.8
ofwhich:
EU 104,015.4 145,778.9 186,043.1 238,780.8 140.2 127.6 128.3
Belgium 3,175.9 5,009.6 5,714.3 7,749.0 157.7 114.1 135.6
Germany 47,762.7 65,103.0 85,161.0 107,153.5 136.3 130.8 125.8
Denmark 1,119.2 1,925.9 2,360.2 2,911.4 172.1 122.5 123.4
Spain 1,356.7 2,557.0 3,669.7 4,692.1 188.5 143.5 127.9
France 5,607.0 8,360.1 11,478.6 16,765.3 149.1 137.3 146.1
United Kingdom 4,152.2 6,128.9 7,751.1 10,587.4 147.6 126.5 136.6
Greece 1,078.6 944.5 1,127.7 1,344.3 87.6 119.4 119.2
Ireland 344.6 608.5 699.2 1,102.7 176.6 114.9 157.7
Italy 10,411.0 18,517.6 24,357.0 33,521.3 177.9 131.5 137.6
Luxembourg 92.7 367.7 316.6 588.4 396.8 86.1 185.9
Netherlands 5,201.8 7,338.1 8,962.3 11,394.9 141.1 122.1 127.1
Portugal 124.7 312.5 396.1 397.9 250.5 126.8 100.4
Austria 20,480.8 23,482.6 25,974.4 32,845.7 114.7 110.6 126.5
Finland 1,531.0 2,463.9 3,324.0 3,765.8 160.9 134.9 113.3
Sweden 1,576.7 2,659.0 4,750.9 3,961.2 168.6 178.7 83.4
EFTA 4,182.6 5,144.2 7,463.6 8,851.4 123.0 145.1 118.6
Switzerland 3,473.6 4,526.9 6,264.8 7,852.4 130.3 138.4 125.3
Iceland 12.4 29.0 35.4 40.0 234.7 122.0 113.2
Lichtenstein 166.9 179.5 233.0 134.7 107.6 129.8 57.8
Norway 529.8 408.8 930.5 824.2 77.2 227.6 88.6
Other OECD:
Australia 399.5 464.2 595.5 563.9 116.2 128.3 94.7
Canada 818.5 1,565.3 1,198.3 1,228.2 191.2 76.6 102.5
Japan 2,491.8 2,812.8 4,410.8 6,858.6 112.9 156.8 155.5
Mexico 66.4 1,015.3 260.7 167.2 1,530.2 25.7 64.1
NewZealand 26.9 28.4 14.5 29.8 105.6 51.1 205.6
United States 5,292.9 9,480.8 9,592.4 12,824.9 179.1 101.2 133.7
Turkey 1,733.9 1,315.2 2,011.5 1,490.7 75.9 152.9 74.1
Turnover (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page33
Turnover
(SKK million, f.o.b.)
Index
Other States witheconomy
intransition:
Bulgaria 835.0 704.0 869.3 901.1 84.3 123.5 103.7
Romania 960.7 1,100.6 1,583.5 2,223.4 114.6 143.9 140.4
Russia 45,964.3 47,046.2 53,130.3 68,715.6 102.4 112.9 129.3
Ukraine 8,986.7 7,538.9 9,319.4 12,552.8 83.9 123.6 134.7
Croatia 1,898.0 2,498.7 2,753.2 2,941.3 131.6 110.2 106.8
Other States withmarket
economy:
South Africa 281.1 637.1 1,176.4 885.4 226.6 184.7 75.3
Israel 378.3 814.1 775.1 800.3 215.2 95.2 103.3
Other countries withstate
trading system:
China 2,935.9 1,945.0 2,224.6 3,711.8 66.3 114.4 166.9
Cuba 77.2 64.5 64.4 120.7 83.6 99.8 187.5
Viet-Nam 67.3 115.4 312.2 130.4 171.4 270.5 41.8
Asian developing countries 10,788.3 12,363.0 14,144.2 0.0 114.6 114.4 0.0
ofwhich:
Indonesia 586.4 672.0 809.9 1,212.4 114.6 120.5 149.7
India 736.4 2,532.9 2,921.6 2,797.3 344.0 115.3 95.7
Iran 398.2 252.0 286.2 567.5 63.3 113.6 198.3
Malaysia 253.3 925.0 1,387.1 1,525.6 365.1 150.0 110.0
Syria 1,472.5 811.1 527.6 469.6 55.1 65.0 89.0
Thailand 2,590.5 1,945.7 951.7 1,080.1 75.1 48.9 113.5
Republic ofKorea 1,362.5 1,087.2 1,325.6 6,093.9 79.8 121.9 459.7
African developing
countries1,677.4 2,198.2 2,899.1 0.0 131.0 131.9 0.0
ofwhich:
Egypt 631.8 675.3 756.4 585.0 106.9 112.0 77.3
American developing
countries2,248.1 3,343.4 4,289.5 0.0 148.7 128.3 0.0
ofwhich:
Argentina 459.1 545.0 530.6 522.4 118.7 97.34 98.5
Chile 18.2 57.6 290.0 96.5 315.9 503.6 33.3
Brazil 332.7 608.9 732.5 825.9 183.0 120.3 112.7
Peru 109.8 181.8 293.0 308.1 165.7 161.1 105.2
Note: DataofOECD in1993-1996 areadopted atthelevelof31December 1996 (figures ofEU,EFTA, Australia, Canada, Japan,
Mexico, NewZealand, USA, Turkey, Czech Republic,Hungary, Poland, Republic ofKorea areincluded instatistics ofOECD).WT/BOP/G/5
Page34
Balance
Territory 1993 1994 1995 1996
TOTAL BALANCE -27,309.1 2,564.1 -5,694.4 -70,259.8
ofwhich:
CEFTA 7,366.1 26,476.9 28,060.0 12,536.9
Czech Republic 1,089.1 17,424.4 17,553.7 919.7
Hungary 5,011.5 8,169.6 5,878.9 5,561.7
Poland 1,100.4 1,018.0 4,004.5 4,797.3
Slovenia 350.8 519.4 1,426.2 964.6
OECD -3,768.7 26,249.9 22,278.9 -24,564.9
ofwhich:
EU -4,920.3 4,137.0 4,746.3 -15,405.8
Belgium -17.1 146.2 -422.3 -1,720.0
Germany 3,217.3 8,196.5 10,734.2 7,537.0
Denmark -593.0 -667.9 -665.5 -966.4
Spain -242.2 -8.6 7.2 -1,361.0
France -273.6 -1,100.4 -1,288.2 -5,320.7
United Kingdom -753.7 -642.9 -1,064.8 -2,280.7
Greece 126.7 344.4 432.2 656.1
Ireland -187.2 -283.9 -383.0 -637.6
Italy -1,269.5 -42.5 226.4 -7,121.8
Luxembourg 8.5 -77.5 -34.3 258.0
Netherlands 93.2 285.2 5.4 -1,177.4
Portugal 31.8 139.0 165.3 120.2
Austria -3,808.8 -966.5 -647.3 -118.7
Finland -914.1 -1,070.5 -1,054.5 -1,751.3
Sweden -338.6 -113.4 -1,264.4 -1,521.6
EFTA -1,715.8 -1,528.0 -2,411.9 -2,351.1
Switzerland -1,374.5 -1,564.2 -2,357.3 -2,160.1
Iceland 7.9 24.6 18.9 0.9
Lichtenstein -26.1 37.2 45.6 53.0
Norway -323.1 -25.6 -119.1 -244.9
Other OECD: 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia -207.3 -241.6 -330.4 -184.6
Canada -283.4 822.9 -5.1 -558.0
Japan -2,015.5 -2,414.1 -3,359.9 -5,693.2
Mexico -4.3 846.8 -85.5 -93.7
NewZealand -15.0 -11.4 -11.2 -18.2
United States -1,586.7 -2,548.4 -3,209.9 -5,552.4
Turkey 812.4 561.4 417.6 -328.7
Balance (cont'd)WT/BOP/G/5
Page35
Territory 1993 1994 1995 1996
Other States witheconomy in
transition:
Bulgaria 189.0 42.4 208.2 304.3
Romania 520.8 609.6 951.0 1,280.7
Russia -30,192.1 -29,259.7 -33,458.6 -49,850.1
Ukraine -386.0 -60.5 2,025.0 1,928.5
Croatia 1,055.4 1,387.3 1,548.6 1,555.6
Other States withmarket economy:
South Africa -102.4 -425.7 -678.6 -498.3
Israel 128.8 328.7 104.3 -318.6
Other countries withstatetrading
system:
China 1,097.3 -466.3 -1,215.7 -1,344.5
Cuba 53.4 53.8 57.4 114.1
Viet-Nam 1.5 38.1 181.0 -86.9
Asian developing countries 2,977.7 3,793.7 326.1 0.0
ofwhich:
Indonesia 362.3 122.2 -162.3 135.7
India 158.2 1,389.5 1,066.7 1,169.2
Iran 332.6 176.6 123.6 386.1
Malaysia -131.7 384.0 -196.3 -722.5
Syria 1,451.9 762.1 501.7 438.4
Thailand 2,295.4 1,448.4 179.7 207.6
Republic ofKorea -1,033.7 13.2 -908.3 -5,658.0
African developing countries 847.5 1,067.1 1,236.0 0.0
ofwhich:
Egypt 526.6 531.8 512.0 443.9
American developing countries -1,097.8 -1,112.0 -865.6 0.0
ofwhich:
Argentina -270.6 137.9 161.1 292.0
Chile -1.7 23.9 -38.6 39.5
Brazil -196.9 -393.3 -205.8 -312.3
Peru -100.8 -121.4 -159.4 -224.6
Note: DataofOECD in1993-1996 areadopted atthelevelof31December 1996 (figures ofEU,EFTA, Australia,Canada, Japan,
Mexico, NewZealand, USA, Turkey, Czech Republic,Hungary, Poland, Republic ofKorea areincluded instatistics ofOECD).
Source: Official statistics produced bytheStatistical Office oftheSlovak Republic.