WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
17 November 2004 
 
 (04-4974) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
 of Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English 
 
 
 
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 
OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 
 
SWITZERLAND 
 
Addendum  
  
 The following communication, dated 15 Novemb er 2004, from the Delegation of Switzerland 
is being circulated pursuant to paragraph 1 of th e Decision on Implementation of Article 66.2 of the 
TRIPS Agreement.   
_______________ 
  
I. INTRODUCTION 
1. In paragraph 11.2 of the Decision on Impl ementation-Related Issues and Concerns 
(WT/MIN(01)/17), adopted in Doha on 14 Novemb er 2001, developed-country  Members reaffirmed 
their commitment to provide enterprises and in stitutions incentives to promote and encourage 
technology transfer to least developed country Memb ers (hereinafter: LDCs), pursuant to Article 66.2 
of the TRIPS Agreement.  In its decision of 19 February 2003, the TRIPS Council agreed that 
developed country Members shall su bmit annually reports on actions ta ken or planned in pursuance of 
their commitments under Article 66.2.  Furthermore, it was agreed that new detailed reports shall be 
delivered every third year and that updates shall be provided in the intervening years. 
 
2. According to this obligation, taking the decision of the TRIPS Council into account, 
Switzerland herewith submits its second annual update of the report that was submitted to the TRIPS 
Council on 14 November 2002 (IP/C/W/388/Add.3).  Reference is also made to information 
Switzerland submitted to the TRIPS Council on this  issue in earlier contributions (Documents 
IP/C/W/132/Add.5 of 26 April 2000 and JOB(01)/158 of 22 November 2001). 
 
3. Switzerland's understanding of 'technology transf er' includes, in addition to incentives and 
activities directed at the provision of technical equi pment in the industrial sector, capacity building in 
LDCs, technology transfer in the health sector and development of administrative institutions. 
Therefore, Switzerland provides incentives in numerous  sectors and is actively engaged in the field of 
training and research activities contributing to sustainable development in LDCs.  Switzerland 
believes that assistance in sustainable developmen t of LDCs should be comprehensive and not be 
limited to certain areas.   IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
Page 2  
 
 II. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE PROVISION OF INCENTIVES 
FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
4. There are mainly two Swiss government agencies  involved in the provision of incentives, 
either directly or indirectly, for Swiss as well as for other developed country Members enterprises and 
institutions to engage in activities involving technolog y transfer to LDCs.  These two agencies are the 
Swiss Agency for Development and Co-operation (SDC) and the State Secretariat for Economic 
Affairs (SECO).  They are jointly responsible for the formulation and implementation of Swiss 
international development cooperation policy.  While the SDC assumes the overall coordination 
function in matters pertaining to development, SECO is a competence centre for economic 
development and the integration of developing and transition countries into the world economy. 
 
5. Another agency involved in technology transfer activities of Switzerland is the Swiss National 
Science Foundation (SNSF).  Acting on a mandate issued by the Swiss Federal Government, the 
SNSF supports research inside and outside universities and fosters young scientific talent.  On an 
international level, the Swiss National Science Foundation aims with its research programmes, to 
make a positive contribution to scientific research in  the relevant areas of the world and to promote 
research cooperation between these areas and Switzerla nd.  At present, the Swiss National Science 
Foundation has a project in collaboration with the SDC focused on research partnerships with LDCs 
(see Annex II).  
III. LEVELS OF SWISS ACTIVITIES PROM OTING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO 
LDCS 
6. Switzerland's activities and incentives regarding technology transfer aim at increasing the 
flow of technology to developing countries and at  building up capacities which enable beneficiary 
countries to assess, adopt, manage and apply technologies.  The activities supported by the Swiss government embrace projects at the bila teral, regional and multilateral levels. 
 
7. SECO and SDC activities relevant to Article 66. 2 of the TRIPS Agreement are carried out 
under the Swiss Official Development Assistan ce Programme (ODA-Progra mme).  The Swiss ODA-
Programme includes bilateral, regional and multilatera l initiatives and is primarily aimed at a selected 
group of priority countries in Latin America, A frica, Central and South-East Asia and Southeastern 
Europe.  Many of the projects contract Swiss as well as other developed country Members enterprises 
and institutions to provide thei r knowledge and technology in assis ting the development of human 
capital, infrastructure and private-sector enterprises in LDCs.  8. At the multilateral level, Switzerland contributes to a variety of technical assistance trust 
funds with the World Bank Group and the regional development banks.  These funds are available to 
project managers of these Banks seeking funding for technical assistance and technology transfer. 
Besides cooperation with these financ ial institutions, Switzerland is al so engaged in the development 
projects of many other international organiza tions such as WHO, UNIDO, WIPO, UNDP, FAO, 
IFAD and CGIAR.  9. Switzerland supports various bilateral and multilate ral projects in order to promote investment 
as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of trade.  In investment promotion, the incentives of the 
Swiss ODA aim at mobilizing private capital, know-h ow and technologies to strengthen the financial 
intermediation system in LDCs as well as tr ansferring know-how and technology to foster 
investments or joint ventures.  Concerning trade pr omotion, Switzerland cooperates mostly with other 
bilateral or multilateral agencies. 
  IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
 Page 3 
 
 
 IV. INSTRUMENTS FOR THE PROMOTION OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 
10. One of the main goals of Switzerland's ec onomic and trade-rela ted cooperation with 
developing and transitional countries is the transf er of modern technology and of capital to those 
countries, to better enable them to upgrade thei r production facilities to the requirements of world 
markets and to become more competitive in the globa l economy.  The promotion of investment and of 
cooperation agreements between the private sectors in the North, South and East is an important 
instrument of development policy, which is pr imarily intended to help these countries reach a 
sustainable level of development.  
1. Support of Private Sector Investments in LDCs 
11. Switzerland promotes technology transfer to LDCs by supporting small and medium-sized 
enterprises (SMEs) in several ways.  For instance,  it provides localised technical support for SME's 
domiciled in LDCs, particularly Bangladesh, Benin and Mali.  In Bangladesh, Switzerland spends 
about CHF 13 million annually for development project s, part of which on technical and financial 
support for SMEs. 
 
12. Switzerland also encourages Swiss SMEs to inv est in LDCs in order to enhance technology 
transfer to LDCs.  The role of the Swiss Organization for Facilitating Investments (SOFI) is to promote investment projects between companies in Switzerland and OECD countries and counterparts 
in developing and trans ition countries, and to enable the tran sfer of capital, technological know-how 
and managerial expertise through this process.  SOFI has framewo rk agreements with 60 countries 
(located in Africa, the Middle East, Latin Ameri ca, Asia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the 
CIS) where it is mandated to promote investments.  SOFI is a one-stop shop providing SMEs with the 
full range of services required to meet the challenge s they face when investing in LDCs.  SOFI has 
actively supported SME activities in LDCs or countri es in transition through more than 300 projects, 
such as mango processing in Burkina Fa so or coffee processing in Zambia. 
 
13. Switzerland is one of the investors of the "Fonds  de Garantie des Investissements Privés en 
Afrique de l'Ouest (GARI)".  The goal of this fund is to facilitate access of private enterprises to loans 
by guaranteeing the risks for such  operations.  The fund provides guarantees to enterprises active in 
industrial manufacturing, agro-industry, fishery, mini ng, tourism, agriculture and services.  Eligible to 
the fund are enterprises from, among others, Benin,  Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea, 
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone.  
 14. Switzerland granted CHF 5.4 million to the A frican Project Development Facility (APDF) 
and CHF 5.4 million to the Mekong Project Developmen t Facility.  Both organizations assist SMEs in 
a variety of areas such as business planning, iden tifying potential lenders or investors, marketing 
strategy, technical and operational assistance, quality control and certification, accounting and 
management information systems, etc.  Beneficiari es of both funds are the en terprises in LDCs in the 
Sub-Saharan and Mekong (including  Lao PDR and Cambodia) regions. 
 15. Finally, the Swiss Government also provides l ong-term financing for sm all and medium-sized 
enterprises in LDC, for example, through the Mekong Enterprise Fund (US$ 3 million), the Aureos 
East Africa Fund (US$ 7 million).  These funds provide equity investments for SMEs in the target countries and combine the investment with a broad range of technical assistance to the investee 
companies such as skill development, improvements in  financial and accounting systems, assisting in 
marketing and distribution, risk assessment, implementing IT systems, etc.  IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
Page 4  
 
 2. Commercial Establishment of LDCs Compan ies in Switzerland and other Developed 
Countries 
16. With its "Swiss Import Promotion Programme " (SIPPO), Switzerla nd supports commercial 
establishment of companies from LDCs  in Switzerland or other industrialized countries.  By its trade 
promotion activities, SIPPO helps SMEs in emergi ng countries and countries in transition to improve 
their market access to Switzerland and the European Union.  It also assists Swiss importers find new 
products and sources.  For example, as a result of the partnership between the SIPPO and Bangladesh, 
products from Bangladesh benefit fr om improved market access in Switzerland.  Additionally, in 
order to promote consumer awareness for such  products, Switzerland provides services such as 
marketing consultancy, business partner search, training in export marketing and support for 
participation in trade fairs to companies domiciled in LDCs. 
 
3. Mixed Financing, Financial Assistance and Export Risk Guarantees 
17. Another more traditional activity of the ODA- Programme is mixed financing.  Mixed 
financing allows LDCs to have access to long-term investment cr edits for the purchase of Swiss goods 
and services, thereby contributing to their sustaina ble development and technology transfer.  Mixed 
financing consists of a grant from the Swiss government and a commercial credit from a Swiss 
commercial bank.  The grant portion varies be tween 35% and 50%, depending on the country 
concerned.  Eligible projects are commercially non-v iable, infrastructure projects (e.g. in transport, 
rural telecommunication, electrification of remote areas not connected to the national grid, water treatment, public sewage and garbage).  The proj ect needs to have a positive social and/or 
environmental impact. 
 18. Under the Swiss Financial Assistance, Switzerla nd promotes the rehabilitation or extension of 
infrastructure in LDCs.  The Swiss grant contri bution to these projects covers the transfer of 
technology from Switzerland, as well as expertise for project implementation and sector reforms. 
Switzerland also supports the establishment of public private partnerships for infrastructure services.  
 19. The Swiss Export Risk Guarantee Agency (ERGA) provides a system of export risk 
guarantees for goods and services destined for LDCs.  Export risk guarantees facilitate exports to 
LDCs and ensure a constant technology transfer.  Moreover, Switzerland also grants credit guarantees 
that function as export risk guarantees for goods a nd services supplied to LDCs which are not entitled 
to an export risk guarantee because of the high risk involved. 
 
4. Promotion of Environmentally Sound Technologies 
20. Recently, Switzerland concentrated much effort on promoting the transfer of environmentally 
sound technologies.  A comprehensive programme for the establishment of so-called "Cleaner 
Production Centres" was set up.  The aim of the cent res is to offer private companies and the public 
sector in LDCs a wide range of services including general information, in-plant assessments, workshops, demonstration projects, capacity build ing and support for the preparation of bankable 
projects.  The Centres provide these services with the support of Swiss and other developed country 
Members' technical institutes, universities and indus tries.  Two four-year programmes in the amount 
of US$1 million each have been recently established in this field with Cambodia and Lao PDR. 
 
21. Switzerland also supports programmes in the fi eld of energy efficiency which aim at 
mitigating CO
2 emissions globally and controlling air pollution locally.  These projects are related to 
the traffic and transportation sector and to small and medium size industries (e.g. foundry, glass and 
brick industries).  The main objective is to strengt hen local partners (capacity building) and to pool 
international expertise in order to develop locally  adequate solutions (technology packages).  These 
pilot programmes are then evaluated, documented and disseminated at the national level.  In addition,  IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
 Page 5 
 
 
 we support transfer of know-how, training and infrast ructure in the field of environment monitoring 
and chemicals management.   22. Recognizing that the Kyoto Mechanisms (J oint Implementation, Clean Development 
Mechanism and International Emission Trading) can  facilitate greenhouse gas emissions reduction in 
non-Annex I countries by providing financial incentiv es for Annex I investment in climate protection 
projects outside their national borders, Switzerland and the World Bank jointly launched the National 
Strategy Study Programme in September 1997.  Th e aim of the programme was to assist non-Annex I 
countries in defining their negotiation positions and to develop national strategies regarding these 
emerging international market incentive instrument s, which will facilitate technology transfer to 
developing and transition c ountries, including LDCs.  
 
5. Training 
23. Another important focus of Swiss know-how transfer activities is the teaching of personnel 
from LDCs.  Capacity building is an important part of  every technology transfer project;  in addition, 
Switzerland is carrying out training programmes specifi cally to benefit LDCs.  For example, qualified 
applicants from LDCs regularly attend an intell ectual property training course normally held every 
year for three months in three successive places:  first at the WIPO headquarters in Geneva, then at 
the "Centre d'Etudes Internationales de la Propriété Industrielle" in Strasbourg and finally at the Swiss 
Federal Institute of Intellectual Property in Berne.  
24. The Swiss Tropical Institute offers a postgra duate diploma course titled "Health Care and 
Management in Tropical Countries".  More than half of the participants in this course regularly come 
from LDCs.  Their participation is possible tha nks to the scholarships offered by the Swiss 
Government.  6. Research Activities 
25. Another kind of technology transfer which Sw itzerland engages in is collaborating with 
international organizations and/or with LDCs directly in research, particularly in the public health 
domain.  For example, the Swiss Tropical Institute  and other Swiss institutions provide advice and 
assistance to the WHO for its "Roll-Back Malaria" programme.  The programme aims at halving the 
world's malaria burden by the year 2010. 
 
7. Other Instruments 
26. In addition to the activities mentioned above , Switzerland has also engaged in capacity 
building and technology transfer to developing an d least developed countries according to the 
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its  provisions on access and benefit sharing (ABS). 
Switzerland is also supporting UNCTAD's BioTra de initiative, which shall promote trade and 
investments in products and services derived from the sustainable use of biodiversity.  
V. DOMAINS OF SWISS TECHNOL OGY TRANSFER ACTIVITIES 
27. Switzerland promotes technology transfer in domains that are of most importance to the 
LDCs.  Specifically, the Swiss government fosters technol ogy transfer to LDCs in the fields of public 
health, drinking water supply, agriculture, food i ndustry, machine industry, textiles, chemical 
industry, ecotechnology and intellectual property prot ection.  For an overview of ongoing projects, 
see Annex II.  IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
Page 6  
 
 28. Switzerland also promotes technology transfer to LDCs in domains in  which it has special 
expertise.  These include the machine industry as well as the manufacturing of precision instruments and chemical products.  The promotion of transfer  of environmentally-sound technologies to LDCs is 
another domain in which Switzerland is active.  He re, the goal is to transfer both knowledge and 
methods which help meet environmental standard s.  This programme focuses particularly on 
technology transfer in the metal, pape r, cement, food and textile industry. 
 29. In the public health sector, the Swiss Govern ment encourages technology transfer between 
Switzerland and other LDCs in various ways incl uding research funding, consulting and assistance. 
Switzerland spends about CHF 35 million annually on technolog y transfer to Mozambique, 
particularly in the domains of public health and sustainable water supply.  
 30. Finally, Switzerland offers LDCs assistance in preparing and enforcing laws on the protection 
of intellectual property rights.  It also supports th e LDC domestic offices ex ecuting these tasks.  The 
Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property offe rs state-of-the-art searches free of charge for 
LDCs, and, by doing so, encourages innovative enterp rises and industries in LDCs to use the patent 
system, to benefit from the information which can be gathered through this system as well as to protect their own inventions, encouraging thereby the building of technological capacity in LDCs. 
During the period 2000/2001, Burundi, Mali and Senegal took advantage of this offer.  Switzerland is 
also actively involved in the exchange of informa tion regarding the protection and administration of 
intellectual property rights with LDCs.  In March 2001, the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual 
Property gave a presentation of its intellectual prope rty rights system to representatives of African 
countries including Zambia, Mozambique and Uganda.  
VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS 
31. Concluding, Switzerland would like to confirm again its commitment to actively engage in 
the provision of incentives for an enhanced tec hnology transfer to LDCs and its willingness to 
continuously improve its activities in this regard.  However, it should also be kept in mind that 
government incentives to provide technology transfer to third countries are only one of many factors relevant to companies' decisions on where to direct their foreign investments and to transfer their technology.  Some of the other decisive factor s are favourable overall m acro- and micro-economic 
terms and conditions, a safe legal framework, (including adequate pr otection of intellectual property 
rights, an accountable judicial system and a well-functioning government administration) and market 
potential at the national level in a third country.  These factors are often directly related to the level of 
development in a specific country.  Multilateral initia tives to relieve countries of heavy debts and with 
clear policies for poverty reduction and economic development are also conducive to technology 
transfer and capacity development.  Multilateral in itiatives to relieve countries of heavy debts along 
with clear policies for poverty alleviation and sust ainable development both enable LDCs to actively 
participate in technology transfer and capacity building initiatives under Article 66.2 of the TRIPS 
Agreement.  IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
 Page 7 
 
 
 ANNEX I - SWISS INCENTIVES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN 
LDCS BY COUNTRY 
 
Comment:  The activities supported by the Swiss government embrace projects at the bilateral, 
regional and multilateral levels.  The following table contains exclusively bilateral projects because it 
is difficult to depict Switzerland's individual contribution to multilateral projects (ex. fund). 
 
Country Field Knowledge/ 
Technology Mechanism Annual budget 
approx. 
Bangladesh Water and 
sanitation (Public 
health) Prevention and 
treatment of infectious diseases, 
by University of 
Basel Scientific collaboration 
with national institution Training courses in Basel CHF 140,000  
Bangladesh Water and 
sanitation (Public 
health) Arsenic mitigation in 
water.  Arsenic free 
water harvesting technologies by SAKT, test kits by EAWAG Local adaptation of 
technologies with 
support from SKAT and EAWAG Research in Switzerland in collaboration with Bangladeshi partners CHF 50,000 
paid to EAWAG 
Bangladesh Trade Promotion of 
products from 
Bangladesh to 
Switzerland and other OECD countries  Provision of services 
such as marketing 
consultancy, business 
partner search, training in export marketing and support for participation in trade fairs  CHF 32,000 
Benin Public health Public Health 
Expertise, by IUED Participation in 
reorganising Benin's 
Health System at 
different levels;  main focus on local level CHF 950,000 
Burkina Faso Waste water Technology and 
Know-how in waste water management, by the Swiss Federal 
Institute of 
Technology, Lausanne Training Courses in 
Lausanne  Participation of consultants in 
programme in the 
country  CHF 300,000 
Burkina Faso Water and 
environment (Waste) Water 
management, by Swiss Federal Institute of 
Technology, 
Lausanne Education of engineers 
and technicians, in Switzerland and Burkina Faso CHF 1,450,000 IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
Page 8  
 
 Country Field Knowledge/ 
Technology Mechanism Annual budget 
approx. 
Burkina Faso Agriculture  Support for creating a 
mango vinegar factory in Burkina Faso.  Advice for the 
structuring and 
financing of the investment project, including training of future workers, transferring equipment 
and starting production  CHF 200,000 
Burkina Faso 
and Mali Decentralisation, 
rural development Expertise and know-
how by SEREC Consultants work with 
local staff and rural 
population CHF 2,150,000 
Madagascar Rural 
development Participatory bottom 
up approaches (Know-how and expertise) by IC Consultancy project 
management CHF 3.5 mil. 
Mali Vocational 
training Know-how in school 
management, curricula 
development, 
particular professional know-how by Swisscontact Development of 
vocational training centres in Burkina Faso 
Support to association 
of handicraft groups Consultants work with national staff Project management by 
Swisscontact CHF 550,000 
Mali Promotion of 
trade in organic 
cotton Marketing 
knowledge 
Establishment of direct links between producers in Mali and importers in 
Switzerland Consultants work with 
the marketing boards 
and with local producers. CHF 710'000 
Mozambique Health system Reform of health 
system. Expertise 
and know how in local health systems, by Solidarmed Consultancy CHF 7 mil. 
Mozambique Potable water Management of rural 
drinking water supply systems by 
Helvetas and SKAT Consultancy CHF 4.2 mil. 
Mozambique Rural 
development Reorientation of rural 
development based 
on private initiatives. Expertise and know-how by LBL Conceptual input, 
backstopping CHF 2 mil.  IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
 Page 9 
 
 
 Country Field Knowledge/ 
Technology Mechanism Annual budget 
approx. 
Mozambique Governance Reform of police 
force. Expertise and know-how by consultancy group 
from Basel (ex-
director of police) Conceptual input, 
backstopping CHF 0.8 mil. 
Mozambique Governance Decentralisation – 
support to local administrative structures, by University of Bern (Prof. Linder)  Conceptual input, 
backstopping CHF 1.2 mil. 
Niger Rural 
development Establishment of 
funds for local 
investments in rural development, by SEREC Consultants work with 
local staff and 
population CHF 1,550,000 
Tanzania Health Reform of health 
system in city of Dar-es-salam; Prevention of 
tropical diseases 
(Malaria). Technologies and expertise by the Swiss Tropical 
Institute (Basel) Training courses in 
Basel; Consultancy, backstopping CHF 7.7 mil. 
Tanzania Transportation 
infrastructure Construction of 
bridges and roads. 
technologies and know-how by ITECO ITECO staff in 
Tanzania, consultancy CHF 6.5 mil. 
Chad Basic health, 
health systems Know-how and 
expertise by Swiss 
Red Cross Consultancy, 
collaboration with 
organisations in Chad CHF 200,000 
Zambia Coffee Support to the 
expansion of coffee 
processing facilities and agricultural machinery, factory equipment and 
transportation 
vehicles purchased  Provision of a loan to 
two Zambian companies  CHF 5.5 mil. IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
Page 10  
 
 Country Field Knowledge/ 
Technology Mechanism Annual budget 
approx. 
In General Project 
management, Know-how and expertise 
(planning, 
implementation, monitoring, evaluation)  By Helvetas, IUED, 
InterCooperation    IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
 Page 11 
 
 
 ANNEX II - RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP OF SNSF WITH LDCS 
In 1999, the Swiss National Science Foundation (S NSF) and the Federal Agency for Development 
and Cooperation (SDC) announced a new programme of  research partnerships.  The SNSF and the 
SDC jointly assessed the proposals for scientific value and relevance to development and for 
compliance with the requirements of a true research  partnership.  Finally, nine projects were 
approved.  
 
Approved research partnerships with LDCs (as of May 2000) 
 Humanities and Social Sciences 
 
Title of research partnership Coordinator, Switzerland Coordinator, developing 
country 
Local social security and gender in India and Burkina Faso.  (36 months) de Jong, Wiillemijn, 
Department of 
Anthropology, University 
of Zurich Kinda, Fatoumata, 
Department of Sociology, 
University of Ouagadougou, 
Burkina Faso 
The challenge of education in Mozambique between tradition and 
innovation.  (18 months) Berthoud, Gérald, Institut 
d'anthropologie et de 
sociologie, Université de 
Lausanne Castiano, José P., 
Universidade Eduardo 
Mondlane, Unid. Formaçao 
em ciencias sociais, 
Mozambique 
Learning processes and platforms for 
negotiating Sustainable Resource Management (SRM): Potentials and constraints of "Autodidactic Learning 
for Sustainability" (ALS) in an 
intercultural perspective.  (36 months) Wiesmann Urs Institute of 
Geography University of 
Berne Delgado Burgoa Freddy 
Agroecology Programme 
University of Cochabamba 
Bolivia 
Interface between cities and rural areas in Ecuador: Towards a territorial integrated development (Preproject). Bolay, Jean-Claude, 
Institut de recherche sur 
l'environnement construit 
EPF, Lausanne Arq. Diego Carrion, Facultad 
de Arquitectura y Diseño 
Pontificia Universidad 
Catolica del Ecuador, Quito 
 
Mathematics, Natural and Engineering Sciences 
 
Title of research partnership Coordinator, Switzerland Coordinator, developing 
country 
Studies of mathematical and numerical models involved in Sahelian irrigation: 
Application to water resource 
management and to pollutant transport in saturated and non-saturated porous media.  (36 months) Besson, Olivier Institut de 
mathématique Université 
de Neuchâtel Niane, Mary Teuw UFR de 
mathématiques appliquées et 
informatique Université 
Gaston Berger Saint-Louis, 
Sénégal 
 IP/C/W/431/Add.2 
Page 12  
 
 Biology and Medicine 
 
Title of research partnership Coordinator, Switzerland Coordinator, developing 
country 
Healthy milk for the Sahel: Improved milk quality as a contribution to income 
generation, food security and public 
health.  (36 months) Zakaria, Farah, Institute of 
Food Science, ETH Zurich Alfarouk, Idriss, Institut du 
Sahel Bamako, Mali 
A spatial analysis of the impact of insecticide-treated nets for malaria control in Tanzania.  (36 months) Lengeler, Christian, Swiss 
Tropical Institute, Basel Abdulla, Salim, Ifakara Health 
Research and Development 
Center Ifakara, Tanzania 
Identification of genetic markers associated with virulence of Leishmania 
Viannia. (36 months) Fasel, Nicolas, Institute of 
Biochemistry University of 
Lausanne Gonzalez Alcides CNDR, 
Nicaragua 
Conservation of biodiversity in Lama Forest: Role of forest plantations for the 
viability of natural forests.  (36 months)Nagel, Peter, Institut für 
Natur-, Landschafts- und 
Umweltschutz (NLU)-
Biogeographie, University 
of Basel Sinsin, A. Brice Faculté des 
Sciences Agronomiques, 
Université Nationale de Bénin
  
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