WORLD TRADE IP/N/6/IRL/1
26February 1997
ORGANIZATION(97-0798)
Original: English Council forTrade-Related Aspects
ofIntellectual Property Rights
CHECKLIST OFISSUES ONENFORCEMENT1
Responses from Ireland
I. ANSWERS TOQUESTIONS ONTHE COPYRIGHT ACT 1963
Civil andAdministrative Procedures andRemedies
(a) Civiljudicial procedures andremedies
1. Specify thecourts which have jurisdiction overIPRinfringement cases.
TheCourts withjurisdiction overIPRinfringement cases aretheDistrict Court, theCircuit
Court, theHigh Court andtheSupreme Court.
2. Which persons havestanding toassert IPRs? How maytheyberepresented? Arethere
requirements formandatory personal appearances before thecourt bytherightholder?
(i) Section 22(1) oftheActstates that"subject totheprovisions ofthisActinfringements
ofcopyright shallbeactionable atthesuitoftheowner ofthecopyright".
(ii) Such persons mayberepresented bylawyers.
(iii) Yes. However, hearings ofproceedings forinterim andinterlocutory injunctions may
takeplace onaffidavit inwhich caseapersonal appearance bytherightholder would
notbenecessary.
3. What authority dothejudicial authorities have toorder, attherequest ofanopposing
party, aparty toaproceeding toproduce evidence which lieswithin itscontrol?
Courts mayissue asubpoena ororder discovery ofdocuments.
4. What means exist toidentify andprotect confidential information brought forward as
evidence?
JusticeisrequiredtobeadministeredinpublicundertheConstitution,unlessotherwiseprescribed
bylaw. Thecircumstances inwhich ahearing orpartofahearing maytakeplace inprivate willbe
where theinterest ofjustice mayotherwise bedefeated, suchasinproceedings involving thedisclosure
ofbusiness secrets orofsecret manufacturing processes.
1Document IP/C/5IP/N/6/IRL/1
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Theparties seeking toprotect confidential information mustclaim privilege andmustjustify
theirrefusal toproduce adocument toanswer aquestion ontheusual grounds ofprivilege.
5. Describetheremediesthatmaybeorderedbythejudicialauthoritiesandcriteria,legislative
orjurisprudential, fortheir use:
- injunctions
- damages, including recovery ofprofits, andexpenses, including attorney 'sfees
- destruction orother disposal ofinfringing goods andmaterials/implements for
their production
- anyother remedies
Judicial authorities mayorder interim andinterlocutory injunctions anddamages pursuant to
common law. Judicial authorities mayorder damages, including attorney 'sfeesinaccordance with
Sections 22,23,24and25oftheCopyright Act1963. Judicial authorities mayorder thedestruction
orother disposal ofinfringing material inaccordance withSections 22,23,24,25and27ofthe
Copyright Act1963.
6. Inwhat circumstances, ifany, dojudicial authorities have theauthority toorder the
infringer toinform theright holder oftheidentity ofthird persons involved inthe
production anddistribution ofthegoods orservices found tobeinfringing andoftheir
channels ofdistribution?
None.
7. Describe provisions relating totheindemnification ofdefendants wrongfully enjoined.
Towhat extent arepublic authorities and/or officials liable insuchasituation andwhat
"remedial measures" areapplicable tothem?
Aninterlocutory injunction isusually granted ontheundertaking oftheperson seeking itto
paydamages. Ifittranspires thatthedefendant waswrongfully injuncted, theperson seeking the
injunction mayhavetopaydamages tothedefendant. Thismayalsoapply topublic authorities and
officials.
8. Describe provisions governing thelength andcostofproceedings. Provide anyavailable
dataontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheir cost.
Length andcostofproceedings varyconsiderably depending onthetypeofcase. Datawould
notbeavailable ontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheircosts.
(b) Administrative procedures andremedies
9. Reply totheabove questions inrelation toanyadministrative procedures onthemerits
andremedies thatmayresult from these procedures.
There arenoapplicable administrative procedures andremedies.IP/N/6/IRL/1
Page3
Provisional Measures
(a) Judicial measures
10. Describe thetypes ofprovisional measures thatjudicial authorities mayorder, andthe
legal basis forsuchauthority.
Judicial authorities mayorder interim andinterlocutory injunctions andAnton Piller orders
pursuant tocommon law.
11. Inwhat circumstances maysuchmeasures beordered inaudita altera parte?
Measures maybeordered inaudita altera parte where anapplication isofanurgent orsurprise
nature.
12. Describe themain procedures fortheinitiation, ordering andmaintenance inforce of
provisional measures, inparticular relevant time-limits andsafeguards toprotect the
legitimate interests ofthedefendant.
Interim injunctions aregenerally grounded bytheissuing ofawritorsummons together with
anaffidavit which discloses alltherelevant andmaterial factsinthecase. Aninterim injunction will
generally haveforce foruptofourdays. Thisisdonebyservice ofacourt order granting theinterim
injunction.
13. Describe provisions governing thelength andcostofproceedings. Provide anyavailable
dataontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheir cost.
Length andcostsofproceedings varyconsiderably depending onthetypeofcase. Datawould
notbeavailable ontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheircosts.
(b) Administrative measures
14. Reply totheabove questions inrelation toanyadministrative provisional measures .
There arenoapplicable administrative provisional measures.
Criminal Procedures
20. Specify thecourts which have jurisdiction overcriminal actsofinfringement ofIPRs.
TheCourts withjurisdiction overcriminal actsofinfringement ofIPRsaretheDistrict Court,
theCircuit Court, theHigh Court andtheSupreme Court.
21. Inrespect ofwhich infringements ofwhich intellectual property rights arecriminal
procedures andpenalties available?
Criminal procedures andpenalties areavailable inrespect ofthefollowing activities where
copyright subsists inthework:
- Making forsaleorhireinfringing copies ofthework;IP/N/6/IRL/1
Page4
- Selling orletting forhire,orbywayoftrade offering orexposing forsaleorhire,
orforthepurposes oftrade having inone'spossession infringing copies ofthework;
- Bywayoftrade exhibiting inpublic infringing copies ofthework;
- Importing intotheStateotherwise thanforprivate anddomestic useinfringing copies
ofthework;
- Distributing forpurposes oftrade, orforother purposes, buttosuchextent astoaffect
prejudicially theowner ofthecopyright, infringing copies ofthework;
- Having inone'spossession aplate, knowing thatitistobeusedformaking infringing
copies ofthework;
- Causing aliterary, dramatic ormusical work tobeperformed inpublic, ora
cinematograph filmtobeshown, ininfringement ofcopyright, knowing thatcopyright
subsists inthework orinthecinematograph film.
22. Which public authorities areresponsible forinitiating criminal proceedings? Arethey
required todothisontheir owninitiative and/or inresponse tocomplaints?
(i) BoththeGardaí andtheDirector ofPublic Prosecutions areresponsible forinitiating
criminal proceedings.
(ii) Criminal proceedings aregenerally initiated inresponse tocomplaints.
23. Doprivate persons have standing toinitiate criminal proceedings and,ifso,who?
(i) Yes,private persons havestanding toinitiate criminal proceedings.
(ii) Common informer: acommon informer hasacommon lawrightofaccess tothecourts
tolayacomplaint andtoprosecute foranoffence inacourt ofsummary jurisdiction
unless statute otherwise provides.
24. Specify, bycategory ofIPRandtypeofinfringement where necessary, thepenalties and
other remedies thatmaybeimposed:
- imprisonment;
- monetary fines;
- seizure,forfeitureanddestructionofinfringinggoodsandmaterialsandimplements
fortheir production;
- other.
Thepenalty onafirstoffence isafinenotexceeding £100foreacharticle towhich theoffence
relates, together with, inanyothercase,theoption ofimprisonment foratermnotexceeding sixmonths
ortobothsuchfineandimprisonment. Such apenalty willapply tothefollowing offences:
- Making forsaleorhire; orIP/N/6/IRL/1
Page5
- Selling orletting forhireorbywayoftrade offering orexposing forsaleorhire,or
forthepurposes oftrade having inone'spossession; or
- Bywayoftrade exhibiting inpublic; or
- Importing intotheState, otherwise thanforprivate anddomestic use; or
- Distributing, either forpurposes oftrade, orforother purposes, buttosuchextent
astoaffect prejudicially theowner ofthecopyright;
articles ininfringement ofcopyright.
There shallbeinthecaseofafirstconviction ofanoffence afinenotexceeding £1,000, together
withinanyother case, suchafine,oratthediscretion ofthecourt, imprisonment foratermnot
exceeding sixmonths orbothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment. Thisshallapply tothefollowing
offences:
- Having inone'spossession aplate, knowing thatitistobeusedformaking infringing
copies ofawork; or
- Causing aliterary, dramatic ormusical work tobeperformed inpublic, ora
cinematograph filmtobeshown, knowing thatcopyright subsists inthework orin
thecinematograph filmandthattheperformance orshowing constitutes aninfringement
ofthecopyright, savethatinthecaseofsuchinfringement bywayoftelevision
broadcast orsound broadcast, thepenalty shallbeonsummary conviction afinenot
exceeding £100.
TheDistrict Court, upontheapplication oftheowner ofthecopyright inawork, mayifsatisfied
thatthereisreasonable ground forbelieving thatinfringing copies oftheworkarebeing hawked, carried
about, soldoroffered orexposed forsale,letforhireoroffered orexposed forhire,byorder authorize
amember oftheGardaí toseizethecopies without awarrant andtobring them before thecourt, and
thecourt, onproof thatthecopies areinfringing copies mayorder themtobedestroyed ortobedelivered
uptotheowner ofthecopyright orotherwise dealtwithasthecourt maythink fit.
IfaDistrict Justice issatisfied byinformation onoaththatthere isreasonable ground for
suspecting acopyright offence hasbeencommitted onanypremises, theDistrict Justice maygrant
asearch warrant authorizing anamed member oftheGardaí accompanied byanyother members of
theGardaí asmaybenecessary, toenter onthepremises, ifneedbebyforce, andtoseizeanycopies
ofanycinematograph filmoranywork including plateinrespect ofwhich hehasareasonable ground
forsuspecting thatanoffence isbeing committed.
25. Describeprovisionsgoverningthelengthandanycostofproceedings.Provideanyavailable
dataontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheir cost, ifany.
Length andcostsofproceedings varyconsiderable depending onthetypeofcase. Datawould
notbeavailable ontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheircosts.IP/N/6/IRL/1
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II. ANSWERS TOQUESTIONS ONTHE PERFORMANCE PROTECTION ACT 1968
Civil andAdministrative Procedures andRemedies
(a) Civiljudicial procedures andremedies
1. Specify thecourts which have jurisdiction overIPRinfringement cases.
TheCourts withjurisdiction overIPRinfringement cases aretheDistrict Court, theCircuit
Court, theHigh Court andtheSupreme Court.
2. Which persons havestanding toassert IPRs? How maytheyberepresented? Arethere
requirements formandatory personal appearances before thecourt bytherightholder?
(i) Performers havestanding toassert IPRs.
(ii) Such persons mayberepresented bylawyers.
(iii) Yes. However, hearings ofproceedings forinterim andinterlocutory injunctions may
takeplace onaffidavit inwhich caseapersonal appearance bytherightholder would
notbenecessary.
3. What authority dothejudicial authorities have toorder, attherequest ofanopposing
party, aparty toaproceeding toproduce evidence which lieswithin itscontrol?
Courts mayissue asubpoena ororder discovery ofdocuments.
4. What means exist toidentify andprotect confidential information brought forward as
evidence?
JusticeisrequiredtobeadministeredinpublicundertheConstitution,unlessotherwiseprescribed
bylaw. Thecircumstances inwhich ahearing orpartofahearing maytakeplace inprivate willbe
where theinterest ofjustice mayotherwise bedefeated, suchasinproceedings involving thedisclosure
ofbusiness secrets orofsecret manufacturing processes.
Theparties seeking toprotect confidential information mustclaim privilege andmustjustify
theirrefusal toproduce adocument toanswer aquestion ontheusual grounds ofprivilege.
5. Describetheremediesthatmaybeorderedbythejudicialauthoritiesandcriteria,legislative
orjurisprudential, fortheir use:
- injunctions
- damages, including recovery ofprofits, andexpenses, including attorney 'sfeesIP/N/6/IRL/1
Page7
- destruction orother disposal ofinfringing goods andmaterials/implements for
their production
- anyother remedies
Judicial authorities mayorder interim andinterlocutory injunctions anddamages pursuant to
common law. Judicial authorities mayorder thedestruction orother disposal ofinfringing material
inaccordance withSection 8ofthePerformers Protection Act,1968.
6. Inwhat circumstances, ifany, dojudicial authorities have theauthority toorder the
infringer toinform theright holder oftheidentity ofthird persons involved inthe
production anddistribution ofthegoods orservices found tobeinfringing andoftheir
channels ofdistribution?
None.
7. Describe provisions relating totheindemnification ofdefendants wrongfully enjoined.
Towhat extent arepublic authorities and/or officials liable insuchasituation andwhat
"remedial measures" areapplicable tothem?
Aninterlocutory injunction isusually granted ontheundertaking oftheperson seeking itto
paydamages. Ifittranspires thatthedefendant waswrongfully injuncted, theperson seeking the
injunction mayhavetopaydamages tothedefendant. Thismayalsoapply topublic authorities and
officials.
8. Describe provisions governing thelength andcostofproceedings. Provide anyavailable
dataontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheir cost.
Length andcostofproceedings varyconsiderably depending onthetypeofcase. Datawould
notbeavailable ontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheircosts.
(b) Administrative procedures andremedies
9. Reply totheabove questions inrelation toanyadministrative procedures onthemerits
andremedies thatmayresult from these procedures.
There arenoapplicable administrative procedures andremedies.
Provisional Measures
(a) Judicial measures
10. Describe thetypes ofprovisional measures thatjudicial authorities mayorder, andthe
legal basis forsuchauthority.
Judicial authorities mayorder interim andinterlocutory injunctions andAnton Piller orders
pursuant tocommon law.IP/N/6/IRL/1
Page8
11. Inwhat circumstances maysuchmeasures beordered inaudita altera parte?
Measures maybeordered inaudita altera parte where anapplication isofanurgent orsurprise
nature.
12. Describe themain procedures fortheinitiation, ordering andmaintenance inforce of
provisional measures, inparticular relevant time-limits andsafeguards toprotect the
legitimate interests ofthedefendant.
Interim injunctions aregenerally grounded bytheissuing ofawritorsummons together with
anaffidavit which discloses alltherelevant andmaterial factsinthecase. Aninterim injunction will
generally haveforce foruptofourdays. Thisisdonebyservice ofacourt order granting theinterim
injunction.
13. Describe provisions governing thelength andcostofproceedings. Provide anyavailable
dataontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheir cost.
Length andcostsofproceedings varyconsiderably depending onthetypeofcase. Datawould
notbeavailable ontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheircosts.
(b) Administrative measures
14. Reply totheabove questions inrelation toanyadministrative provisional measures .
There arenoapplicable administrative provisional measures.
Criminal Procedures
20. Specify thecourts which have jurisdiction overcriminal actsofinfringement ofIPRs.
TheCourts withjurisdiction overcriminal actsofinfringement ofIPRsaretheDistrict Court,
theCircuit Court, theHigh Court andtheSupreme Court.
21. Inrespect ofwhich infringements ofwhich intellectual property rights arecriminal
procedures andpenalties available?
Seereply toquestion 24.
22. Which public authorities areresponsible forinitiating criminal proceedings? Arethey
required todothisontheir owninitiative and/or inresponse tocomplaints?
(i) BoththeGardaí andtheDirector ofPublic Prosecutions areresponsible forinitiating
criminal proceedings.
(ii) Criminal proceedings aregenerally initiated inresponse tocomplaints.
23. Doprivate persons have standing toinitiate criminal proceedings and,ifso,who?
(i) Yes,private persons havestanding toinitiate criminal proceedings.IP/N/6/IRL/1
Page9
(ii) Common informer: acommon informer hasacommon lawrightofaccess tothecourts
tolayacomplaint andtoprosecute foranoffence inacourt ofsummary jurisdiction
unless statute otherwise provides.
24. Specify, bycategory ofIPRandtypeofinfringement where necessary, thepenalties and
other remedies thatmaybeimposed:
- imprisonment;
- monetary fines;
- seizure,forfeitureanddestructionofinfringinggoodsandmaterialsandimplements
fortheir production;
- other.
Itisprovided inSection 2(1)oftheActthatifaperson knowingly:
(a) makes arecord, directly orindirectly fromorbymeans ofaperformance without the
consent inwriting oftheperformers; or
(b) sellsorletsforhire,ordistributes forthepurposes oftrade, orbywayoftradeexposes
oroffers forsaleorhire,arecord made ordeemed tohavebeenmade incontravention
oftheAct; or
(c) usesforthepurposes ofabroadcast orcommunication tothepublic sucharecord,
thatperson isguilty ofanoffence andisliable onsummary conviction toafinenotexceeding £5for
eachrecord inrespect ofwhich anoffence isproved, butnotexceeding £100 inrespect ofanyone
transaction or,onconviction onindictment, toafinenotexceeding £2,000.
Itisprovided inSection 2(4)thatwhere Radio Telifis Éireann makes arecord (other thana
record ofthekindreferred toinSection 2(3)(b)) directly orindirectly bymeans ofitsownfacilities
ofaperformance without theconsent inwriting oftheperformers, buttheperformance isonetothe
broadcasting ofwhich theperformers hadconsented inwriting, Radio Telifis Éireann shallwithin six
months ofthemaking oftherecord orsuchlonger period asmaybeagreed upon byRadio Telifis
Éireann andtheperformers, destroy therecord andanyreproductions ofit,and,ifRadio Telifis Éireann
contravenes thatprovision, itisguilty ofanoffence andliable onsummary conviction toafinenot
exceeding £100. However, thatsub-section doesnotapply inrelation toarecord ofaperformance
which isofunexceptional documentary character, butsucharecord mustnotbeusedforbroadcasting
foranyother purpose without theconsent oftheperformers, oranycontravention ofthatsaving clause
willbeanoffence forwhich themaximum fineonsummary conviction shallbe£100andthemaximum
fineonconviction andindictment shallbe£2,000.
Section 3(1)oftheActprovides thatifaperson knowingly:
(a) makes acinematograph filmdirectly orindirectly, fromorbymeans ofaperformance
without theconsent inwriting oftheperformers; or
(b) sellsorletsforhire,ordistributes forthepurposes oftrade, orbywayoftradeexposes
oroffers forsaleorhire,acinematograph filmmade ordeemed tohavebeenmade
incontravention oftheAct; orIP/N/6/IRL/1
Page10
(c) usesforthepurposes ofabroadcast orcommunication tothepublic such as
cinematograph film;
thatperson isguilty ofanoffence andliable onsummary conviction toafineupto£5foreach50feet
offilminrespect ofwhich theoffence hasproved, butnotexceeding £100 inrespect ofanyone
transaction oronconvictional indictment toafinenotexceeding £2,000.
Itisprovided inSection 3(4)oftheActthatwhere Radio Telifis Éireann makes acinematograph
film(other thanonesubject toanexception) directly orindirectly bymeans ofitsownfacilities of
aperformance without theconsent inwriting oftheperformers, buttheperformance isonetothe
broadcasting ofwhich theirperformers hadconsented inwriting, Radio Telifis Éireann isrequired
within sixmonths ofthemaking ofthefilmtodestroy thefilmandanyreproductions ofit,failing
which itshallbeguilty ofanoffence andliable onsummary conviction toafinenotexceeding £100.
Thatsub-section doesnotapply toafilmofaperformance which isofanexceptional documentary
character, butsuchafilmisnottobeusedforbroadcasting orforanyother purpose without theconsent
oftheperformers. Failure toobtain suchconsent inthose circumstances isanoffence forwhich the
maximum fineonsummary conviction is£100 andthemaximum fineonconviction onindictment
is£2,000.
Itisprovided inSection 5oftheActthataperson whootherwise thanbyuseofarecord or
cinematograph filmorthereception ofabroadcast, knowingly broadcasts ormakes acommunication
tothepublic ofaperformance ofperformers, oranypartofsuchaperformance, without theconsent
inwriting oftheperformers, isguilty ofanoffence andliable onsummary conviction toafinenot
exceeding £100.
Itisprovided inSection 7oftheActthatifaperson makes, orhasinhispossession, aplate
orsimilar apparatus forthepurpose ofmaking records oncontravention oftheAct,heisguilty of
anoffence andliable onsummary conviction toafinenotexceeding £100.
Itisprovided inSection 8oftheActthatthecourt before which anyproceedings weretaken
under theActmay, onconviction oftheoffender, order thatallrecords, cinematograph films, plates
orsimilar apparatus inthepossession oftheoffender which appear tothecourt tohavebeenmade
incontravention oftheAct,oradapted forthemaking ofrecords incontravention oftheAct,andin
respect ofwhich theoffender hasbeenconvicted, bedestroyed orotherwise disposed ofasthecourt
thinks fit.
Itisprovided inSection 11oftheActthatwhere arecord, cinematograph film, broadcast or
transmission ismade withtheconsent inwriting ofaperson who, atthetimeofgiving theconsent,
represented thathewasauthorized bytheperformers togiveitontheirbehalf when tohisknowledge
hewasnotsoauthorized, thatperson isguilty ofanoffence andisliable onsummary conviction to
afinenotexceeding £100.
25. Describeprovisionsgoverningthelengthandanycostofproceedings.Provideanyavailable
dataontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheir cost, ifany.
Length andcostsofproceedings varyconsiderably depending onthetypeofcase. Datawould
notbeavailable ontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheircosts.IP/N/6/IRL/1
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III. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TOBORDER MEASURES
Special Requirements Related toBorder Measures
15. Indicate forwhich goods itispossible toapply forthesuspension bythecustoms authorities
oftherelease intofreecirculation, inparticular whether these procedures areavailable
alsoinrespect ofgoods which involve infringements ofintellectual property rights other
thancounterfeit trademark orpirated copyright goods asdefined intheTRIPS Agreement
(footnote toArticle 51). Specify, together withrelevant criteria, anyimports excluded
from theapplication ofsuchprocedures (such asgoods from another member ofacustoms
union, goods intransit ordeminimis imports). Dotheprocedures apply toimports of
goods putonthemarket inanother country byorwiththeconsent oftheright holder
andtogoods destined forexportation?
ItispossibletoapplyforsuspensionbytheCustomsauthoritiesofthereleaseintofreecirculation
ofanygoods covered byaregistered trademark, design right, copyright orneighbouring right.
ThelegalprovisionsgoverningtheabovearecontainedinCouncilRegulation(EC)No.3295/94
andCommission Regulation (EC) No.1367/95. Statutory Instrument No.48of1996, European
Communities (Counterfeit andPirated Goods) Regulations 1996 gives effect tothese regulations in
national law.
Thefollowing goods arenotcovered bytheabove provisions:
- goods manufactured withtheconsent oftheholder ofaright butentered forfree
circulation,export,re-exportorforanotherCustomsprocedurewithouthis/herconsent;
- goods manufactured with theconsent oftheholder ofaright which have been
manufactured orbearatrademark under conditions other thanthose agreed withthe
holder; or
- goods ofanon-commercial nature contained intravellers 'personal luggage within the
limits laiddown inrespect ofrelief from Customs duty.
16. Provide adescription ofthemain elements oftheprocedures relating tothesuspension
oftherelease ofgoods bycustoms authorities, inparticular thecompetent authorities
(Article 51),therequirements foranapplication (Article 52)andvarious requirements
related totheduration ofsuspension (Article 55). How have Articles 53(security or
equivalent assurance), 56(indemnification oftheimporter andoftheowner ofthegoods)
and57(right ofinspection andinformation) been implemented?
Copies ofStatutory Instrument No.48of1996 andPublic Notice (attached) givedetails of
themanner inwhich theprovisions ofRegulations 3295/94 and1367/95 areimplemented.IP/N/6/IRL/1
Page12
17. Describe provisions governing thelength andcostofproceedings. Provide anyavailable
dataontheactual duration ofproceedings andtheir cost. How longisthevalidity of
decisions bythecompetent authorities forthesuspension oftherelease ofgoods intofree
circulation?
Wedonothaveanydataregarding thelength andcostofproceedings. Theperiod ofsuspension
ofrelease ofgoods intofreecirculation islaiddown atArticle 7ofRegulation 3295/94.
18. Arecompetent authorities required toactupon their owninitiative and,ifso,inwhat
circumstances? Arethere anyspecial provisions applicable toexofficio action?
Article 4ofRegulation 3295/94 setsoutthecircumstances under which Customs authorities
(being thecompetent authority inthisStateforthepurposes oftheRegulation) mayintervene inrespect
ofgoods suspected ofbeing counterfeit orpirated.
19. Describe theremedies thatthecompetent authorities havetheauthority toorder andany
criteria regulating their use.
Thecompetent authority inthisStateisbound bytheprovisions ofCouncil Regulation (EC)
No.3295/94, Commission Regulation (EC) No.1367/95 andStatutory Instrument No.48of1996.