RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/ACC/TJK/3
21 February 2003
(03-1106)
Working Party on the
Accession of the Republic of TajikistanOriginal:  English
ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime
In a communication circulated in documen t WT/ACC/TJK/1 on 29  May 2001, the Council of
Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan applied for accession under Article XII of the AgreementEstablishing the World Trade Organization (WTO).
The General Council established a Working Party (WT/ACC/TJK/2) on 26 July 2001 with the
following terms of reference:  "To examine the application of the Government of Tajikistan to accede
to the WTO Agreement under Article XII, and to submit to the General Council recommendationswhich may include a draft Protocol of Accession."
In accordance with the established procedures (W T/ACC/1), the Secretariat is circulating the
attached Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime received from the Council of Ministers of the
Republic of Tajikistan.  WTO Members wishing to submit questions on the Memorandum are invited todo so by 24 March 2003 for transmission to the Republic of Tajikistan's authorities.
_______________WT/ACC/TJK/3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRO DUCTION ................................................................................................................. ...1
II. ECONOMY, ECONOMIC POLI CIES AND FORE IGN T RADE ......................................1
1. Economy ...................................................................................................................... ..............1
(a) General de scription......................................................................................................... ..........1
(b) Current economic situation.................................................................................................. ....3
2. Economic policies............................................................................................................ ........11
(a) Main directions of the ongoing economic policies................................................................11
(b) Monetary and fi scal policies................................................................................................ ...14
(c) Foreign exchange and payments system ...............................................................................19(d) Foreign and domestic investment policies ............................................................................21
(e) Competition  policies ........................................................................................................ .......22
3. Foreign trade in goods and services ......................................................................................23
4. Domestic trade in services................................................................................................... ...26
5. Information on financial movements related to nationals working abroad ......................356. Information on growth in trade in goods and services over recent years and
forecasts for ye ars to come.................................................................................................... .35
III. FRAMEWORK FOR MAKING AND ENFORCING POLICIES AFFECTING
FOREIGN TRADE IN GOODS AND TRADE IN SERVICES .........................................38
1. Powers of executive, legislative and judicial branches of government...............................382. Government entities responsible for making and implementing policies affecting
foreign trade .................................................................................................................. ..........41
3. Division of authority between central and sub-central governments.................................41
4. Any legislative programmes or plans to change the regulatory regime.............................42
5. Laws and Legal Acts.......................................................................................................... .....43
6. Description of judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures .....................43
IV. POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN GOODS ...................................................................44
1. Import Regulation............................................................................................................ .......44
(a) Registration requirements fo r engaging in importing.........................................................44
(b) Characteristics of  national tariff .......................................................................................... .45
(c) Tariff quotas, ta riff exemptions............................................................................................ .48
(d) Other duties and charges.................................................................................................... ....48
(e) Quantitative impo rt restrictions............................................................................................ 49
(f) Import licensing procedures ................................................................................................. .50
(g) Other bord er measures ....................................................................................................... ...50
(h) Customs valuation........................................................................................................... ........53WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(i) Other custom s formal ities ................................................................................................... ...53
(j) Pre-shipment  inspect ion ..................................................................................................... ....54
(k) Application of internal taxes on imports ..............................................................................54
(l) Rules of  origin ............................................................................................................. ............54
(m) Anti-dump ing regime ......................................................................................................... ....55
(n) Countervailing duty regime .................................................................................................. .56
(o) Safeguard regime ............................................................................................................ ........56
2. Export Regulation............................................................................................................ .......56
(a) Registration requirements fo r engaging in exporting .........................................................56
(b) Customs tariff nomenclature, types of duties, duty rates, weighted averages of
rates.......................................................................................................................... ................56
(c) Quantitative expo rt restrictions............................................................................................ .56
(d) Export licensing procedures................................................................................................. ..57
(e) Other measures .............................................................................................................. .........57
(f) Export financing, subsidy and promotion policies...............................................................57
(g) Export performance requirements........................................................................................57
(h) Import duty drawback schemes ............................................................................................573. Internal policies affectin g foreign trade in goods.................................................................58
(a) Industrial policy, including subsidy policies.........................................................................58
(b) Technical regulations and standards ....................................................................................59
(c) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures...................................................................................60
(d) Trade-related inve stment measures ......................................................................................61
(e) State-tradi ng practices ..................................................................................................... ......61
(f) Free zones .................................................................................................................. ..............62
(g) Free economic zones ......................................................................................................... ......63
(h) Trade-related envi ronmental policies ...................................................................................63
(i)  Mixing regulations ......................................................................................................... ........63
(j) Government-mandated counter-trade and barter...............................................................63
(k) Trade agreements leading to co untry-specific quotas allocation........................................64
(l) Government procurement practices .....................................................................................64
(m) Regulation of trade in transit.............................................................................................. ...65
4. Policies affecting foreign tr ade in agricultu ral products.....................................................66
(a) Imports..................................................................................................................... ................67
(b) Exports..................................................................................................................... ................67
(c) Export prohibitions  and restric tions.....................................................................................67
(d) Export credits, export credit guar antees or insurance programmes .................................67
(e) Internal policies........................................................................................................... ............67WT/ACC/TJK/3
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5. Policies affecting foreign trade in oth er sectors ...................................................................68
(a) Textile s regime ............................................................................................................. ...........68
(b) Policies affecting foreign tr ade in other ma jor sectors........................................................68
V. TRADE-RELATED INTELLECTUAL  PROPERTY REGIME.......................................68
1. General...................................................................................................................... ...............68
(a) Intellectual pr operty policy................................................................................................ ....68
(b) Responsible agencies for policy formulation and implementation.....................................69
(c) Membership in international intellectual property conventions and of regional
or bilateral agreements........................................................................................................ ...69
(d) Application of national and m.f.n.  treatment to foreign nationals .....................................70
(e) Fees and taxes.............................................................................................................. ............71
2. Substantive standards of protection......................................................................................73(a) Copyrights and related rights............................................................................................... .74
(b) Trademarks .................................................................................................................. ...........79
(c) Geographical indications.................................................................................................... ....80
(d) Industrial designs.......................................................................................................... ..........80
(e) Patents..................................................................................................................... .................80
(f) Plant variety protection.................................................................................................... ......80
(g) Layout designs of in tegrated circuits ....................................................................................81
(h) Requirements on undis closed info rmation ...........................................................................81
(i) Any other categories of intellectual property.......................................................................81
3. Measures to control abuse of intellectual prop erty rights...................................................81
4. Enforcement .................................................................................................................. ..........82
(a) Civil judicial pro cedures and remedies.................................................................................82
(b) Provisional  measures ........................................................................................................ ......82
(c) Any administrative procedures and remedies......................................................................82
(d) Any special bo rder measures ................................................................................................. 83
(e) Criminal procedures......................................................................................................... ......84
5. Laws, decrees, regulations and other legal acts relating to the above................................84
6. Statistical data on application for grants of intellectual property rights, as well
as any statistical data on their enforcement .........................................................................84
VI. TRADE-RELATED SE RVICES RE GIME .........................................................................85
1. General...................................................................................................................... ...............85
2. Policies affecting trade in services......................................................................................... 86
(a) Government departments, agencies, professional associations or other bodies
with authority or a role relevant to the conduct of service activities .................................86WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(b) Judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures providing for the
review of, or remedies in relation to, administrative decisions affecting trade in
services ....................................................................................................................... ..............87
(c) Provisions, including those in international agreements, concerning qualification
requirements and procedures, technical standards and licensing and/orregistration requirements for the supply of services ...........................................................88
(d) Provisions governing the existence and operation of monopolies or exclusive
service suppliers .............................................................................................................. ........88
(e) Provisions relating to safeguard measures as they apply to trade in services...................88
(f) Provisions relating to international transfers and payments for current
transactions in services....................................................................................................... ....88
(g) Provisions relating to capital transactions affecting the supply of services.......................88(h) Provisions governing the procurement by governmental agencies of services..................88
(i) Provisions concerning any form of aid, grant, domestic subsidy, tax incentive or
promotion scheme affectin g trade in services.......................................................................88
3. Market access and national treatment..................................................................................89
(a) Limitations on the number of service suppliers ...................................................................89(b) Limitations on the total value of  service transactions and assets .......................................89
(c) Limitations on the total number of serv ice operations or on the total quantity of
service output ................................................................................................................. .........89
(d) Limitations on the total number of natu ral persons that may be employed in a
particular s ervice se ctor ...................................................................................................... ...89
(e) Restrictions on, or requirements of specific types of legal entity through which a
service may be  supplied........................................................................................................ ..89
(f) Limitations on the particip ation of foreign capital..............................................................89
(g) Measures providing for less than the tr eatment accorded to national services or
service suppliers .............................................................................................................. ........90
4. Most-favoured-nation treatment ...........................................................................................90
VII. INSTITUTIONAL BASE FOR TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS
WITH THIRD COUNTRIES ..............................................................................................105
1. Bilateral or plurilateral agreements relating to foreign trade in goods and trade
in services.................................................................................................................... ...........105
(b) Economic integration, customs union and free-trade area agreements...........................106
3. Labour markets inte gration agreements ............................................................................109
4. Multilateral economic cooperation, membership in the multilateral economic
organizations, trade related programmes of other multilateral organizations ...............109
ANNEX 1 ........................................................................................................................ ....................111
ANNEX 2 ........................................................................................................................ ....................152
ANNEX 3 ........................................................................................................................ ....................159
ANNEX 4 ........................................................................................................................ ....................164
ANNEX 5 ........................................................................................................................ ....................170WT/ACC/TJK/3
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ANNEX 6 ........................................................................................................................ ....................179
ANNEX 7 ........................................................................................................................ ....................180
ANNEX 8 ........................................................................................................................ ....................194
ANNEX 9 ........................................................................................................................ ....................209WT/ACC/TJK/3
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I. INTRODUCTION
The Republic of Tajikistan started the process of radical social-economic reforms,
restructuring of the political system and establishment of a democratic and secular state in 1991 as an
independent state. Unfortunately, as a result of the break-down of existing interstate relations within
the former Soviet Union the country witnessed a long-term macro-economic and socio-political crisis
in the country.  The situation was deteriorated by natural disasters and most of all, civil conflict,
which contributed to the destruction of the national economy.
Stability was restored only in 1997 with the signing of a General Agreement on peace and
national accord in Tajikistan and establishing a new coalition government. The peace and
reconciliation process, supported by the international community, has progressed well since then and
has facilitated the rehabilitation of the national economy and rendered economic growth.
Between 1991-1997, the level of GDP diminished by more than 60 per cent which
significantly reduced the living standards of the less protected part of the population. The GDP per
capita rate of Tajikistan is one of the lowest among CIS countries. The average salary rate still
remains low in Tajikistan. Much of the country's production infrastructure is in urgent need of repair
and restoration after years of war damage and due to the lack of proper maintenance.
In accordance with the priorities of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, declared in
program documents and resolutions, the country aims to deepen the integration of its national
economy into the world economy. In this context, one of the key issues of the external economic
policy of Tajikistan for the nearest future will be accession to the WTO.
The Memorandum contains information on the economy and trade related issues as required
by the WTO.  The inter-ministerial committee consisting of officials from relevant governmentinstitutions has prepared information in the memorandum.  The Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan is available to provide any additional information if required by Member States.
II. ECONOMY, ECONOMIC POLICIES AND FOREIGN TRADE
1. Economy
(a) General description
- Territory and population
Tajikistan is a land-locked and mountainous country in Central Asia with the territory of
143,100 km².  In the West, Northwest and Northeast the Republic of Tajikistan borders Uzbekistan
(910 km.) and Kyrgyzstan (630 km.), in the East, th e People's Republic of China (430 km.) and in the
South, Afghanistan (1,030 km.).  The distance from th e West to the East is 700 km. and from the
North to the South 350 km.  Mountains and plateau' s, which belong to the mountain systems of Pamir
and Tien Shan, occupy 93 per cent of the total territory.  Nearly half of them are higher than 3,000 m.The Somoniyon Peak (formerly the Peak of Communism), which is 7,495 m., is one of the highest
mountains in the world.  Intermountain valleys and foothill plains located on the altitude lower than
1,000 m. occupy seven per cent of the territory and have most economic importance.  The climate in
Tajikistan is continental.  Average temperatures of January differ from +22º С (Panj) to -61ºC
(Bulunkul Lake) and of July from –8º C (Bulunkul Lake) to +45ºC (Panj).
Vakhsh and Panj rivers, which form Amudariya River, get their start in Pamir Mountains.
Besides, there are three more big rivers in Tajikistan - Zarafshon, Kofarnihon and Syrdariya.  They
also begin from glaciers and are full of water in the period most important for irrigated farming.  DueWT/ACC/TJK/3
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to presence of big glaciers and steep fall the rivers possess great hydropower resources (the second
place in CIS after Russia).  Particularly powerful is Vakhsh River.  The area of the flooded lands
when building hydropower stations in deep gorges is  relatively small and that increases effectiveness
of the use of hydroelectric power resources.
According to the 2000 population census the population of Tajikistan is 6,127,000.  Tajikistan
is a multinational country.  Majority of population are Tajiks (80 per cent), there are also Uzbeks
(15.3 per cent), Russians (1.1 per cent), Kyrgyzs, Tatars, Kazakhs, etc.  Urban population is only
27 per cent.  Average density of the population is 37 persons per square km.  However, 80 per cent of
people live in warm valleys -Vakhsh, Hissar, a nd Ferghana.  The mountainous regions of Pamirs
(Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous oblast) are sparsely populated.
Life expectancy in Tajikistan is 68 years.  The capital is Dushanbe (575,900).  Major cities:
Khujand, Qurghonteppa, Kulob, and Khorugh.  Geographically the country is divided into fiveadministrative regions:
− Dushanbe city (capital)
− Regions of Central Subordination (28,600 km², 1,368,600)
− Sughd oblast (25,400 km², 1,900,400)
− Khatlon oblast (24,800 km², 2,196,600)
− Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous oblast (GBAO) (64,220 km², 208,500)
The National currency is Somoni, introduced in October 2000.  1 Somoni = 100 dirams.  As
of 1 August 2002 the official exchange rate was 2.7126 Somoni for US$1.
- Economic specialization
Tajikistan is an agrarian-industrial country.  Comparative advantage of Tajikistan is related to
agriculture: there are significant water resources, favorable climate conditions for growing grains and
animal husbandry, and abundance of cheap labour.  The share of the agriculture is significant in the
GDP of the country.  73 per cent of total population of the country lives in the countryside.  About
1,100,000 people or 67 per cent were occupied in agriculture in 2000.
Plant growing dominates in agricultural produce.   Its principal branches are cotton growing,
viticulture and horticulture, and aromatic plants growing.  Plant growing produce composes
approximately two thirds of gross volume of agricultural produce where more than 50 per cent fall at
cotton.  In cotton production Tajikistan is the third in the CIS after Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
Significant land area is used for grains.  Wheat, barley, corn and rice are cultivated.  In animal
husbandry the cattle breeding and sheep breeding (coarse-haired, caraculs, meat) play the mostimportant roles.
The main industrial branches in the Republic of Tajikistan are the following: metallurgy,
mechanical engineering, and production of durable consumer goods, light industry, and food industry.
- Metallurgy
The principal enterprise of this branch is the Tajik Aluminum plant in Tursunzade city.
Currently besides the primary aluminum this plant produces aluminum sections and other household
goods.  The hydrometallurgy plant in the city of  Isfara and the "Vostokredmet" enterprise on the
North of the country also occupy an important place in the branch.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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- Mechanical engineering
This branch includes mechanical engineering plants and electro technical enterprises.  The
range of goods produced by these plants includes industrial equipment, transportation means, oil and
gas equipment, equipment for textile industry, tools, devices and spare parts to agricultural machinery.
Electrotechnical enterprises produce different electrical and electronic equipment includingtransformers, cables, lighting facilities, and different electronic components.
- Light industry
Main types of production of this industry are fabrics and textile goods based on natural silk
and cotton, carpets and carpet goods.  There are spinning, weaving, and knitwear factories and also
enterprises specializing on production of clothing , footwear, fancy goods, porcelains, and furniture.
- Food industry
Enterprises of this branch produce tinned goods, different types of oil, margarine, wine and
other alcoholic drinks, tobacco goods, beer, salt and confectionery.
- Power industry
Production of electric energy generated by hydropower stations prevails in the country while
all other types of energy are produced in marginal quantities.  Tajikistan possesses large water
resources.  Hydropower potential of Tajikistan is equal to around 32,000 MWt and 300 billion KWt/h,out of which, it is technically possible to produ ce 19,000 MWt and 144 billion KWt/h of energy.  The
use of this potential became a priority in the former USSR as early as the beginning of 1960s.  Nurek
hydropower station (capacity 3,000 MWt), which is the largest energy production unit in the Central
Asia, was built in the 1960s.  It is a part of the cascade of hydropower stations built on the Vakhsh
River.  This cascade also includes already functioning Baipazinskaya (600 MWt), Golovnaya (210MWt), and Perepadnaya (29.6 MWt) hydropower stations.  In the Soviet time the construction of
Rogun (3,600 MWt), Sangtuda-1 (670 MWt) and Sang tuda-2 (220 MWt) hydropower stations started,
however after the dissolution of the former USSR  the construction slowed down due to lack of
financing.  The construction is not finished yet.  These hydropower stations are of great significance
not only for Tajikistan.  Completion of the construction of these stations will allow regulation ofdrainage to meet long-term and seasonal needs of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan in
water.
Principal economic indicators of the Republic of Tajikistan are presented in the tables of
Annex 1 of the Memorandum.
(b) Current economic situation
Since declaration of independence the economy of Tajikistan suffered from significant
decrease in the production volume and national income.  The civil war in the country seriouslyaffected national economy and aggravated problems related to the process of economic reforms.
Inadequate political stability was one of the factors of reforms slowing down.  Until May 1995, when
the interim national currency was introduced, economic development management in Tajikistan was
additionally restrained by lack of appropriate monetary mechanisms that led to the internal
inconvertibility of the currency.  The balance of payments of the country was steadily deterioratingdue to serious problems in trade, accumulation of overdue arrears in external payments and quick
increase of the external debt.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Since 1996 the implementation of economic reforms in the country became more successful.
With the financial support of the IMF and the World Bank coordinated efforts were made aimed at
creation of macroeconomic stability in Tajikistan and speeding up the process of structural reforms.
In 1996 substantial success was achieved: the inflation rate decreased from 2,100 per cent in 1995 to
40 per cent in 1996.  The Government of Tajikistan began pursuing strict monetary and fiscal policiesthat led to reduction of the budget deficit and comparative stabilization of the nominal exchange rate
of the interim national currency to the US Dollar.  In October 2000 the Tajik national currency –
Somoni was introduced.
Since 1997 the stable growth of production is being observed in the country.  If GDP growth
rate in 1997 was 1.7 per cent, then in 2001 this indicator increased to 10.2 per cent.  The high growth
rate of up to 13 per cent is noted in industry.  For the last five years (1997-2001) GDP grew up by
approximately 32.5 per cent, industrial output by 23.0 per cent, agricultural output – by 12.5 per cent.
In 2000 GDP per capita amounted to 292.2 Somoni (approximately US$159.6).  Dynamics of other
macroeconomic indicators are moderate.
Important results were achieved in deepening and expansion of privatization, forming
fundamentals of multi-structural economy, creating the business environment.  Adoption of the new
law on privatization in May 1997 facilitated speeding up and expanding of privatization process.Particularly, in 1998-2001 certain successes were achieved in this area: privatization of small
enterprises was completed in time; in 2000 the cotton-cleaning branch was privatized.  As for middle-
size and large enterprises, during the first phase of privatization they were reorganized into joint-stock
companies.  Currently out of 1,400 middle and large enterprises 750 state-owned enterprises were
transformed in public joint-stock companies.
There are wide opportunities to achieve sustainable growth in agriculture.  It is necessary to
note that this branch did not avoid the influence of overall decline in production during 1992-1996
when the economic activity was at its lowest level.  By 1995 the volume of agricultural produce was
42 per cent of the 1991 level.  Today agriculture continues to be one of top priorities in the economic
system of the country.  It is known that in the So viet period in Tajikistan the priority was given to the
production of cotton and fruits including grapes.  Currently deep changes took place in the structure of
agricultural produce: production of cotton and vegetables was significantly reduced and production of
grains and potatoes was increased.
The process of the land reform in Tajikistan is actively going on although the constitutional
ban on private property on land was preserved taking into account limited land resources.  Different
forms of management are developing: creation of dehqan (farmer) households, joint-stock companies,
rental and small family contracting households.  In 1998 the restructuring of state and collective farmsinto "larger" dehqan households began.  As of today, about 70 per cent of total agricultural produce is
produced by the private sector.  These circumstances require special attention to this sphere.  Only in
the first six months of 2001 more than 550 dehqan (farmer) households were created and 296 land use
certificates and land share ownership certificates were issued.
Ten per cent of total labour resources of the country are concentrated in the industrial sector,
which produces more than 19 per cent of total GDP.  It is necessary to note, that during 1992-1997 the
industrial production significantly declined.  It was specifically evident in the processing and mining
industry (60 per cent), in the production of construction materials, chemical and in oil and gas
industry (almost 90 per cent).  Despite certain stabilization during 1998-2001 the 2001 industrial
output was around 45 per cent of 1991 level.  The growth of industrial output was reached mostly dueto output increase in aluminum and energy branches and in construction.
After gaining independence the Republic of Tajikistan actively entered into foreign economic
relations.  Key principles and the order of foreign economic activity in Tajikistan were defined in theWT/ACC/TJK/3
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Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On foreign economic activity in the Republic of Tajikistan"
adopted in December 1993.  The country cooperates with many countries of the world on the
principles of mutual benefit and non-discrimination.  There are significant changes in liberalization of
trade: all types of non-tariff restrictions are eliminated and tariff level reduced to minimum.
It is necessary to mention the exaggerated prevalence of export of raw materials (primary
aluminum—60 per cent of total volume of export, cotton-25 per cent, energy-ten per cent) and import
of energy resources (around 40 per cent), chemical products such as alumina (about 35 per cent), and
food products (six per cent) in commodity struct ure of the foreign trad e.  All these increase
dependence of the country on many external factors such as demand for these commodities on the
world market, dynamics of world prices, natural-climate conditions, etc.  Currently the Republic of
Tajikistan is taking effective measures on improving the structure of foreign trade and developing
export potential of the country.  However, it is not possible to solve this issue in the near future due tothe dependence of the country on import of fuel-energy resources and limited nature of export
potential.
Since gaining independence the foreign trade and foreign trade regime of the Republic of
Tajikistan have been progressing.  Big changes occur in the geographical orientation of the export.
The share of the foreign trade turnover with non-CIS countries increased from 15-20 per cent in early1990s to 45-50 per cent in 2000-2001.  Particularly export to European countries significantly grew
due to location of largest markets of aluminum and cotton in these countries.  However, the CIS
countries still remain main importers.  The foreign trade turnover of the Republic of Tajikistan in
1996-2002 was equal to US$1.3-1.5 billion
In 2001 the foreign trade turnover of the country including energy and natural gas made up
US$1,339,100,000 that is nine per cent lower than in 2000.  The share of the CIS countries in the
foreign trade turnover is 55.8 per cent, non-CIS countries 44.2 per cent.  In export the share of non-
CIS countries is 67.5 per cent.  In import a very significant share belongs to the CIS countries,
78.1 per cent.  In general, in 2001 the foreign trade turnover with the CIS countries decreased by
20 per cent or by US$189,400,000 and with non-CIS countries increased by 12 per cent or byUS$64,000,000.
The dynamics of export-import operations in 2001 reflected tendencies of the world markets.
Deterioration of market conditions of the world energy resources market led to a slowdown of growth
rate of these operations, mainly export.  If in 2000 export grew, in comparison with 1999, by
14 per cent, import by two per cent, then in 2001 export declined by 17 per cent and import grew by
one per cent compared to 2000.  As a result, there was a negative balance in the amount of
US$36,000,000.
Thus, export of mineral products decreased by 13.8 per cent or by US$13,000,000, products
of chemical industry by 43.0 per cent or by US$4,100,000, machinery and equipment by 83.9 per cent
or by US$12,700,000, transportation means by 81.6 per cent or by US$34,300,000, non-precious
metals by 8.4 per cent or by US$36,700,000.
In import there was an increase in polymeric materials by 71.1 per cent or by US$4,000,000,
paper three times or by US$6,000,000, timber by 30 per cent or by US$1,800,000, tools by
77.6 per cent or by US$1,400,000, machinery and equipment by six per cent or by US$2,400,000,
transportation means by 24.7 per cent or by US$6,500,000 and a decrease in grain products by
14.8 per cent or by US$6,900,000 and finished foodstuff by 28.7 per cent or by US$4,300,000.
The share of energy in the foreign trade turnover was 12.9 per cent.  In 2001 export of energy
made up 4,043.0 million Kwt/h or was equal to US$78,500,000.  Energy import totaled
5,392.3 million Kwt/h or US$94,000,000 which is 19.7 per cent or US$15,500,000 more than export.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The main energy trade partner is Uzbekistan.  Import of energy from this country was in the amount
of US$80,900,000 and export US$78,200,000.  In comparison with 2000 the total exports of energy
decreased by US$13,500,000 and import by US$24,900,000.  Import of the natural gas was equal to
558,100,000 m³ or to the sum of US$25,900,000 and decreased by 26.6 per cent or by US$9,400,000
compared to 2000.
Sixty-one per cent of the country's export consists of aluminum.  According to the
information of the Customs Committee, 287,000 ton of aluminum to the sum of US$398,400,000
were exported in 2001: 84 per cent of it to the sum of US$333,500,000 to the non-CIS countries and
to the sum of US$64,900,000 to the CIS countries.  In comparison with 2000, although export of
aluminum increased by 13,500 ton in volume terms it decreased by US$35,200,000 since the average
price per ton of aluminum dropped by US$197 and was equal to US$1,388 against US$1,585 in 2000.
Main buyers of aluminum are the Netherlands (49 per cent of the total), Turkey (19 per cent), Russia(13 per cent), Hungary (ten per cent), and Iran (6 per cent).
Export of cotton composed 11 per cent of the total commodity export and was sold to the
amount of US$71,500,000, which is equal to 75,400 ton.  That is 4.3 per cent or 3,400 ton less and in
value terms 22.1 per cent or US$20,300,000 less than in 2000.  Export to the CIS countries increased
by 74 per cent while to the non-CIS countries it decreased by 19 per cent.  Cotton was mainlyexported to Switzerland (43 per cent), Russia (24 per cent), Latvia (17 per cent), Iran (seven per cent),
and Slovakia (four per cent).  The average price per 1 ton of cotton dropped by US$217 and was equal
to US$948/ton.
International services are one of the most important parts of the foreign trade.  The tendency
to an increase in international services in export-import operations of the Republic of Tajikistan isobserved during the last years.  Thus, total volume of international services in1997 was equal to
US$50,200,000, in 1998-US$104,100,000, in 1999-US$108,100,000, in 2000-US$119,300,000.  Only
in 2001 the volume decreased by US$1,400,000 or by 2 per cent compared to 2000 and was equal to
US$117,900,000.  Eleven CIS countries and 59 non-CIS countries were rendering and receiving
international services in 2001.
As in previous years, the highest percentage of 94 per cent both in export and import belong
to transportation services.  The other principal types of international services are the following:
tourism, education, communications, and construction.
At the same time, the Government of Tajikistan carries out a consistent policy of creation of
favorable investment climate in order to attract foreign investment, which is a key factor and a source
of economic development.  For instance, legislation stimulating potential investors to invest and to
carry out a joint activity in Tajikistan was adopted.
As of 1 January 2001, total of foreign investment was equal to US$354,200,000, and
US$240,800,000 of them is direct investment and the rest US$113,400,000 (32 per cent), other
investment consisting of credits received from international financial institutions and other credits.  In
2001 Tajikistan received investment to the sum of US$49,000,000 and US$8,100,000 out of it was
direct investment.  99.2 per cent of foreign invest ment was received from the non-CIS countries and
only 0.8 per cent from CIS countries.  Most of investment was made in joint ventures with the United
Kingdom (43 per cent), Korea (15.1 per cent), Italy (11.1 per cent), Luxemburg (8.8 per cent),
United States (8.4 per cent), Belgium (2.6 per cent), and Germany (1.6 per cent).
A tendency to further relative stabilization of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan was
observed in 2001 and it was expressed in the continuing growth of main macroeconomic indicatorssuch as GDP, industrial and agricultural output, retail commodities turnover, freight, capital asset
investment, and expansion of foreign trade relations.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 7Principal Social-Economic Indicators of The Republic of Tajikistan
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Population as of the end of
the year (in thousand).5,505.6 5,567.2 5,579.7 5,633.8 5,701.4 5,769.1 5,875.8 6,001.3 6,126.7 6,250.0 6,375.5
Male 2,744.2 2,778.8 2,784.2 2,814.6 2,849.1 2, 886.1 2,940.8 3,004.7 3,068.6 3,131.0 3,195.2
Female 2,761.4 2,788.4 2,795.9 2,819.2 2,852.3 2,883.0 2,935.0 2,996.0 3,058.1 3,119.0 3,180.3
Total born (in thousand)1212.6 179.5 186.5 191.6 193.2 172. 3 178.1 185.7 180.9 167.2 171.6
per 1,000 people 39.1 33.2 34.1 33.7 33.6 29.7 30.6 31.3 29.8 27.0 27.2
Deceased (in thousand) 233.1 36.7 49.3 40.0 34.3 31. 6 27.9 29.2 25.4 29.4 32.0
per 1,000 people 6.1 6.6 8.8 7.1 6.1 5.6 5.9 5.0 4.2 4.7 5.1
Population growth, thousand 179.5 142.8 137. 2 151.6 158.9 140.7 150.2 156.4 155.5 137.8 139.6
per 1,000 people 33.0 26.6 25.3 26.6 27.5 24.1 24.7 26.3 25.6 22.3 22.1
Life expectancy at birth
(years)70.5 68.3 62.0 66.1 68.3 68.4 68.4 … … … …
Male 67.6 65.4 56.5 63.4 65.5 65.6 65.6 … … …  …
Female 73.2 71.1 68.2 68.7 71.2 71.3 71.3 … … …  …
Marriages, thousand 56.5 46.7 53.9 38.8 32.1 28.0 27.3 22.3 22.7 26.2 28.8
per 1,000 people 10.4 8.4 9.8 6.9 5.7 4.8 4.7 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.6
Divorces, thousand 7.6 6.5 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.0 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.3
per 1,000 people 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Average annual of employed
in economy, thousand1,971 1,909 1,855 1,855 1,853 1, 731 1,791 1,796 1,737 1,745 1,829
Unemployed officially
registered in employment
service, as of the end of the
year, thousand- 7 22 32 37 46 51 54 50 43 43
Unemployment, in % - 0.4 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.5
Income of population, in
current prices ofcorresponding year, millionSomoni
310.5 43.3 462.5 520.9 45.8 185.1 348.3 593.6 738.3 1,004.6 1,302.5
                                                     
1 With correction, including missing.
2 According to registration of civil registrar's office.
3 1991-1994 – b illion roubles.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 81991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Expenditures and savings, in
current prices ofcorresponding year, millionSomoni
410.0 28.8 333.2 408.3 40.4 175.1 324.4 575.5 716.1 909.1 1,256.2
Average monthly earnings
per employee
In Somoni5370 2035 16155 34904 0.92 2.95 4.96 9.17 11.61 15.57 23.50
In US$ хххх 8.8 10.1 8.9 11.8 9.4 8.5 9.9
Average monthly pension
In Somoni6169 1444 12503 18032 0.39 0.88 1.06 3.02 3.53 4.06 6.01
In US$ хххх 3.75 2.99 1.89 3.88 2.86 2.22 2.53
Minimum average monthly
earnings
In Somoni770 1260 8000 8000 0.14 0.32 0.32 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00
In US$ хххх 1.34 1.10 0.57 1.28 0.81 0.55 0.84
Minimum average monthly
old age pension in Somoni8152 1,526 12,207 11,776 0.26 0.48 0.48 2.00 2.00 2.00
2.00
GDP (in 2001prices), million Somoni5,871.5 … … … … 1,907.9 1,940.4 2,043.4 2,118.8 2,294.7 2,528.8
GDP per capita
Somoni 925.7 … … … … 300.8 305.8 322.1 334.1 361.8 398.7
US$ 390.2 … … … … 126.7 128.9 135.7 140.8 152.4 168.1
Industrial production in
2001 prices, million Somoni3,888 … … … … 1,331 1,305 1,412 1,491 1,638 1,884
Production of consumer
goods in 2001prices, million Somoni1,645 … … … … 376 336 395 360 361 496
Agricultural produce in 2001
prices, million Somoni1,454.3 … … … … 853.6 839.4 858.4 857.8 941.1 1,045.0
Freight transported million
Ton79.8 28.5 15.0 28.8 21.4 15. 3 16.0 16.5 14.4 15.3 15.4
                                                     
4 1991-1994 – b illion roubles.
5 1991-1994 – b illion roubles.
6 1991-1994 roubles.
7 1994-1994 roubles.
8 1991-1994 roubles.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 91991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Passengers
transported million people.465 264 191 125 119 110 106 116 121 112 120
Capital investments, million
Somoni92.2 11.9 17.2 415.9 5.6 26.6 67.5 68.3 122.5 108.6 194.8
Start-up of exploration ofCapital assets, millionSomoni
101.2 3.8 60.7 116.6 2.5 9.9 58.7 27.6 81.0 81.6 218.1
Start-up of apartmenthouses, thousands m
21,225.2 635.2 523.2 224.8 226.2 167. 0 265.1 226.9 224.9 245.5 275.3
Retail commodity turnover
(in 2000 prices), million
Somoni5,400.6 1,398.8 1,100.8 784.9 607.5 570.4 621.8 674.6 703.0 558.2 777.7
Paid services rendered to
population (in 2000prices), million Somoni441.8 129.0 124.2 63.4 51.4 56.1 57.9 60.8 154.07 188.9    389.5
Foreign trade
turnover, million US$131.1 353.2 881.9 1,038.9 1,558.5 1,438.2 1,496.0 1,307.6 1,351.8 1,459.3 1,339.0
Export, million US$ 67.9 192.5 349.8 491.9 748.6 770.1 745. 7 596.5 688.7 784.3     651.5
Import, million US$ 63.2 160.7 532.1 547.0 809.9 668.1 750. 3 711.0 663.1 675.0     687.5
State budget
revenues, million Somoni116.1 43.2 407.4 1,272.1 9.9 59.9 109.0 180.4 249.8 251.7    382.3
in % to GDP … … … … 14.2 19.4 21.0 17.6 18.6 13.9       15.2
State budgetexpenditures, millionSomoni
125.0 37.5 336.4 936.2 9.4 57.5 105.1 178.7 236.4 261.8    379.7
in % to GDP … … … … 13.5 18.7 20.3 17.4 17.6 14.5 15.1
Total housing area perperson, m
29.5 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.1        8.5
Hospitals and clinics 374 377 389 408 434 417 416 424 433 441       439
Beds per 10,000 people 107.2 108.4 104.6 88.0 80.2 72.9 69.9 67.7 67.7 65.8      63.4
Schools 3,179 3,270 3,334 3,400 3, 416 3,432 3,484 3,522 3,551 3,557 3,649
Students, thousand 1,310.2 1,260.2 1,226.7 1,274.8 1, 310.1 1,327.3 1,374.0 1,436.6 1,464.9 1,504.4  1,560.0
                                                     
9 Data on capital construction – in current prices of corresponding years.  1991-1994 – billion roubles.
10 Data on capital construction – in current prices of corresponding years.  1991-1994 – billion roubles.
11 1991-1994 – b illion roubles.
12 1991-1994 – b illion roubles.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 101991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Higher Education
Institutions13 18 21 22 24 25 25 246 296 306        316
Students, thousand 69.3 70.6 69.0 73.3 74.0 76.0 76.7 75.5 79.2 77.7       84.4
per 10,000 people 124 127 122 128 126 127 126 123 130 127      135
Vocational schools 43 48 50 50 44 47 44 426 486 536      506
Students, thousand 40.7 38.3 38.4 34.9 26.8 23.5 19.9 19.4 23.2 25.3     23.8
per 10,000 people 73.0 68.7 67.3 60.3 45.6 39.5 32.5 32.2 37.4 41.3     37.8
Registered crimes per year 18,477 25,296 24,596 14, 297 14,530 13,386 13,201 13,161 14,413 14,455 14,117
Notes:
1)  With correction including missing; 2)   According to registration of civilian registrar's office;  3)  1991-1994 – roubles;  4)  data on capital construction – in current prices
of corresponding years;  5)  1991-1994 – b illion roubles;  6)  including branches;  7)  expanded frame of services.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 11
2. Economic policies
(a) Main directions of the ongoing economic policies
Since its independence Tajikistan started fundamental social and economic reforms and
transition to market-oriented economy.  Already at the first stage of transition the Government of the
country started partially using an economic policy called "Shock therapy".  First, liberalization ofprices with simultaneous suspension of subsidies for producers and consumers was carried out.  In
order to contain the inflation pressure evolved as a result of these measures, stabilization monetary
policy was conducted which would limit money supply and reduce state expenditures for decreasing
the state budget deficit.  Simultaneously liberalization of foreign currency markets was carried out
which represented in a way privatization policy and the whole process was coming to the end by
measures on structural reorganization aimed at creation of the basis for future market-oriented
economy.  Taking into account the necessity of development of macroeconomic policy, creation ofrelated structures and regulatory documents the Government of Tajikistan was carrying out the
following economic objectives:
− Stimulation of the economic growth and development of human resources;
− Alleviation of poverty level;
− Reduction of inequality in parallel with elimination of poverty;
− Effective social security system;
− Allocation of sufficient funds to support and strengthen law and order; and
− Allocation of sufficient funds to develop effective laws and create an effective
administrative system.
Economic reforms in the country began achieving necessary dynamics after the adoption of
the Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan "On top-priority measures on deepening of
economic reforms and speeding up of the transition to market-oriented relations" in December 1994.
In 1995 the Government of Tajikistan developed the Program of economic reforms of the Republic of
Tajikistan for 1995-2000.  The main objectives of this Program were development of legal-regulatory
framework for market economy, forming of fiscal and monetary policies, continuation of privatization
of state property, structural changes in economy, and social security of population.
In the framework of implementation of the above-mentioned Program of economic reforms,
the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan developed and adopted the Medium-term economic
program for 1998-2001 aimed at improvement of fiscal system, development and implementation of
the state investment program, financial management, foreign exchange and trade policies, structural
and sectoral policies, and statistics policy.  Implementation of this Program would achieve significantresults in terms of stabilization of economic growth, fiscal and monetary stabilization, and
implementation of structural and institutional reforms.
The Government of Tajikistan by its Decree No. 398 of 22 September 2000 adopted the
"Medium-term program of bringing the agro-industrial system of the Republic of Tajikistan out of
crisis and priority lines of development strategy of its branches until 2005."  This Program is anintegral part of the economic strategy of the country and is intended to achieve the following long-
term social-economic goals based on market principles:
− Creation of conditions in the country for formation and development of highly efficient
enterprises susceptible to innovation in the agro-industrial system;
− Stabilization and further sustainable development of the agro-industrial system;WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 12
− Taking into account global trends and sharing experience of countries having achieved
significant development of the agro-industrial system in combination with historical andnational traditions and social-cultural character of the Tajik society;
− Reorganization and privatization of industrial and servicing enterprises of the agro-
industrial system on the open and competitive basis;
− Creation of full industrial and market infrastructure in the agro-industrial system;
− Improvement of investment policy in the area of strengthening of material and technical
basis of agriculture, creation of effective management system and methodology in agro-
industrial system and training of specialists; and
− Social transformation of the countryside.
In the agro-industrial system management along with market self-government there will be a
place for state regulation of economic processes and state support.  The role of foreign and internal
investment in development of the country's economy in general and the agro-industrial system in
particular should be raised with orientation mainly to advanced scientific-technical and industrial
potential.
From the macroeconomic point of view, at present it is possible to note significant results of
the economic reform, such as stability of the national currency, completion of small privatization and
sale of all state-owned cotton-cleaning plants by auction, sharp reduction of the state budget deficit,
formation and development of small and medium entrepreneurship.  Since 1997 the country's GDP
has been growing steadily.
At the same time, the economy reform in Tajikistan did not come up to expectations.  Thus,
GDP in 1999 was only 53.4 per cent of 1992 level and volume of industrial and agriculturalproduction was only 37 per cent of 1991 level.
- Pricing policy
On 4 May 1995 the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted the Decree No. 310
"On approval of the Regulation on forming and application of free prices and tariffs."
At present, all prices are liberalized, except cases when goods are delivered by an enterprise,
which is classified as natural, allowed or temporary monopoly.  See below section 2. е (Competition
policy).
- Privatization and plans
Privatization of objects of state and municipal property is one of the most important
objectives of Medium-term economic strategy of the Government of Tajikistan for 1998-2001.
In 2000 privatization of cotton-cleaning plants was completed.  Tenders were organized and
large and medium enterprises were privatized.  The total amount of the funds received from
privatization of state property during 2000 is 25,584, 000 Somoni.  Out of this amount the state budget
received 24,082,000 Somoni and local budgets received 1,502,000 Somoni.
It is worth mentioning that out of 7,855 objects in the country subject to privatization, to date
6,168 objects (78.5 per cent) are already privatized.  The structure of privatized objects by property
categories is the following: private property – 4,867, collective property – 1,223, joint-stock
companies – 78, and 54 objects are on lease.
In 2001, 252 auctions and tenders were organized, where 417 objects were sold, including
342 small objects and 72 medium and large objects.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 13
The reforms are also being realized in the countryside.  The number of farming households
during 1997-January 2001 increased from 8,023 to 12,639.
- Sectoral priorities
In January 2002 the Ministry of industry of the Republic of Tajikistan was established which
is responsible for industrial policy of the country.  At the same time, the industrial policy is an integralpart of the state economic policy and is aimed at securing an effective regulation of economic
processes promoting sustainable growth of production, meeting needs of domestic consumer market
in industrial-technical commodities and consumer goods, stabilizing prices, full employment and
equilibrium of balance of payments.
The most important objectives of the energy sector are ensuring energy independence of the
country and priority development of power industry, maintaining on high technical level its generative
sources and uninterrupted power supply of enterprises of different branches of national economy andpopulation.  In order to achieve these goals, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
concentrates its efforts on completion of construction of the dam of Rogun hydroelectric power
station, putting into operation its two first hy dropower units, and construction of Sangtuda
hydroelectric power station.
The following are objectives of industrial policy in mining:
− Ensuring stable and regular work of functioning enterprises and increase of output and
extraction of minerals;
− Introduction of technologies of comprehensive processing of ores, increase of output of
finished production based on energy and resource-saving technologies;
− Expansion of investigation on exploration and preparation for industrial development of
new deposits of raw material resources to meet industrial needs of the country; and
− Restructuring of the sector and branch enterprises through attraction of foreign
investment.
The principal objective of industrial policy in nonferrous metallurgy is enhancement of
efficiency of production based on the following:
− Improvement of usage of production facilities;
− Improvement of production technology;
− Increase in output of main technological equipment and in quality of production; and
− Attraction of foreign investments for the branch development.
Policy in mechanical engineering and metalworking:
− Development and organization of equipment (spare parts) production for textile industry
and agricultural machinery, as well as conversion of enterprises for new products andprocessing of primary aluminum.
In electrical industry:
− Production of equipment for energy industry and complex electrical (household)
appliances.
One of the top-priority objectives of industrial policy of the Republic of Tajikistan is priority
development of the light industry based on rational usage of available production facilities and localWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 14
raw materials.  In this regard, the issue of attraction of foreign investment in this branch of industry
through creation of joint ventures and modernization of available enterprises becomes very important.
The policy in the chemical industry is aimed at  solution of the issue of providing the agro-
industrial system of the country with nitric fertilizers, increase in the production of disinfectants and
detergents, hydrate of sodium, and other chemical  production based on improvement of every kind of
the usage of available production facilities, introduction of progressive power and resources-saving
technologies in the enterprises of the branch.
In the building materials and building units industry the industrial policy is aimed at
improvement of the usage of available production facilities, reconstruction and building of new
production facilities for new types of building materials with use of local raw materials which will
facilitate increase of production of building materials and building units.
Securing fuel independence of the country, forming of a set of documents and carrying out
international tenders aimed at attraction of foreign investment for increase of exploration work and
development of new gas and oil fields, construction and bringing into service of a refinery and dry gas
fuel production facility are top-priority lines of the development of the oil and gas branch.
Gold-mining industry should play a very important role in achieving macroeconomic stability
and economic growth in the country.  Explored gold reserves allow increasing annual gold output upto ten tons.  In this regard, it is very important for this branch of industry to attract foreign investment
for the exploration and operation of deposits.
One of the most important elements of the industrial policy in the country is development of
processing industry and production of foodstuff.  Th is policy is aimed at development of small and
medium-size food-processing enterprises on the spots close to production facilities.
The development policy in pharmaceutical industry is aimed at creation of a developed
branch based on available production facilities and natural potential through production of medicines
out of local medicinal herbs.
Tajikistan is predominantly an agrarian country.  The share of the agriculture in the GDP is
about 20 per cent and around 60 per cent of labour resources are concentrated in this sector ofeconomy.  The main objective of the Tajikistan's agriculture is to significantly increase the level of
meeting needs for food stuff as well as completely meet needs in the products for which there are all
necessary conditions in the country (vegetables, potato, melons and gourds, fruits, grapes).  In order to
meet needs of population and national economy in grains and increase the level of food security of the
country, it is intended to increase the production of grains up to 1,000,000 tons by 2005 through
increasing the crop capacity and use of advanced technologies of strengthening of grain growing.
Taking into account strategic importance of cotton production, it is a strategic objective to
preserve for next five years areas at the level of 250,000 hectares at constant crop capacity increase,
ensure growth of its gross output and bringing it to 700,000 tons by 2005.
Horticulture, viticulture and vegetable-growing.  The branch has a chance to exceed required
normative output indicators per capita through recovery of already reached crop capacity.  The
viticulture branch will be reoriented for production of predominantly table brands of grapes.
(b) Monetary and fiscal policies
The process of the economic reforms and its efficiency in Tajikistan in many respects are
defined by stability and reliability of the credit-monetary system regulated by the National Bank ofWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 15
the country.  It is necessary to note that at the in itial stage of reforms of credit-monetary policy of the
Republic of Tajikistan, it directly depended on the credit-monetary policy of the Russian Federation.
Tajikistan was practically the last of the CIS countries to introduce its national currency, having
outlived the situation of uncertainty in the integration of the monetary system with the monetary
system of the Russian Federation, and having faced a problem of no remittance of payments to theCIS countries.  In May 1995 the interim national currency – rubl was introduced.  It existed until
October 2000 when the national currency - Somoni was introduced.
During 1991-1997 main laws, which regulate the credit-monetary system were adopted and
preconditions for forming and development of the monetary system during the transition period were
created.  These are the following laws and normative acts: The Law of the Republic Tajikistan "On
banks and bank activity in the Republic of Tajikistan" (1998); The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan
"On the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan" (1996); The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan"On securities and stock exchanges" (1992); Instru ction No. 28 "On settlement, current and budgetary
accounts, opened in bank branches of the Republic of Tajikistan" (1993); "General rules of regulation
of bank activity in the Republic of Tajikistan" (1995); Regulation "On the order of creation of
commercial banks and cessation of their activity in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan" (1995);
Regulation "On clearings in the Republic of Tajik istan" (1995); Regulation "On the order of the
forming and use of the fund of covering the possible losses on loans" (1997); "The order of the issue
of permits for opening accounts in foreign currency by residents in banks outside the Republic of
Tajikistan" (1997).
Henceforth, the following normative acts aimed at improvement of the bank system and
credit-monetary policy were adopted: Instruction No. 90 "On savings accounts, opened in banks of theRepublic of Tajikistan"; Regulation No. 86 "On bankruptcy of credit organizations"; Decree of the
Majlisi Oli "On principal guidelines of credit-monetary and foreign exchange policies of the Republic
of Tajikistan for 2000"; Regulation "On credit un ions"; Regulation "On authorized branches";
Regulation "On bankruptcy of banks and non-banking organizations"; Regulation "On auditor activity
in banking system of the Republic of Tajikistan"; Instruction of the National Bank "On the order ofthe registration of banks, their subdivisions and licensing of the bank activity in the territory of the
Republic of Tajikistan".
At the same time, in the area of legal support of credit-monetary and foreign exchange policy
it is necessary to make relevant changes in banking legislation in terms of reorganization and
improvement of the system of credit agencies and foreign currency regulation.
The National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan is the emission center, which regulates
monetary circulation in the country.  The emission is being realized by the National Bank in threeways: granting credit to credit institutions, crediting the treasury and sterilization of the issue of bank
notes through their exchange to foreign currency.
In order to strengthen control over activiti es of commercial banks, the document "General
rules of regulation of activities of banks in Republic of Tajikistan", was put into force in 1996.  It sets
obligatory economic standards of activities of banks due to the necessity to guarantee and protectinterests of creditors and depositors and to provide stability of the functioning of the banking system.
In 1999 transition to the International accounting standards took place.
Currently there are 13 active banks, one branch of the foreign bank and three credit unions in
the Republic of Tajikistan:
− Public corporation "Agroinvestbonk";
− Public corporation "Orienbonk";WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 16
− State savings bank of the Republic of Tajikistan "Amonatbonk";
− State joint stock commercial bank of foreign economic activity of the Republic of
Tajikistan "Tojiksodirotbonk";
− Closed corporation "East-Credit Bank";
− Tajik joint stock commercial industrial bank of reconstruction and development
"Tajprombank";
− Joint stock commercial bank "Eskhata";
− Closed corporation "Kafolatbonk";
− Closed corporation "Somon-bonk";
− Public corporation "Khujand-bonk";
− Public corporation "Sohibkorbonk";
− Joint Investment Central Asian Bank;
− Closed corporation "Bank Olympus";
− Branch of "Tejarat" bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Dushanbe;
− Limited liability credit union "Fonon";
− Limited liability credit union "Dehqon"; and
− Closed corporation credit union "Ganjina".
The principal guidelines of the credit-monetary and foreign exchange policy are determined
in full compliance with acting legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan and principles of market
economy, which anticipate information openness and transparency.
Stabilization of the economic situation in Tajikis tan gave a chance to stop allocation of credit
to cover State budget deficit of the Republic of Tajikistan.  For this purpose funds from non-inflation
sources are used, including through issue and sale of state treasury bills.  Refinancing rate level was
reduced from 250 per cent in 1996 to 20 per cent in 2001.
Based on objectives of credit-monetary and foreign exchange policy, refinancing is carried
out through credit auctions.  These measures helped to provide certain protection from excessive
increase in money supply and to restrict granting centralized credits.
Despite a positive shift in the foreign sector of economy, particularly increase of foreign trade
turnover, the current balance of payments was negative in 2001 as in 2000.  The country's trade
balance represents the main portion of its balance of payments deficit.  The negative trade balance in2001 was equal to US$30,900,000.
In 2001 an effective mechanism of credit-monetary and foreign exchange policy, collateral
crediting, was introduced.  In turn, it facilitated development of a secondary market of securities,
which started developing in Tajikistan after 1998, i.e. since the day of the issue of state treasury bills.
Initially the short-term securities of the Ministry of Finance (state treasury) bills were issued in1999and their turnover was 28 and 91 days and in 2001 - 182 days.  In 2001 the National Bank started
issuing its own certificates of deposit with turnover of 14, 28, 56, 91 and 182 days.
In 2001 net internal assets of the banking system of the Republic of Tajikistan grew up by
36.9 per cent due to the growth of credit investments in the real sector of economy, including cotton
sector.  It is necessary to note that net foreign assets of the banking system for the same perioddecreased by 2.1 per cent due to the growth of debt liabilities of the Republic of Tajikistan before
international finance institutions.  Increase in net internal assets and reduction of net foreign assets in
turn brought the growth of money supply.
Foreign exchange policy is one of the components of the credit-monetary policy.  In 2001 the
foreign exchange policy was carried out in acco rdance with the general concept of the credit-WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 17
monetary policy and was focused at providing stability of the national currency (Somoni) increasing
its purchasing power, further developing the fore ign exchange market, liberalization of foreign
exchange operations, and maintenance of stable prices of consumer goods.
In 2001 it was possible to keep reduction of official exchange rate of Somoni in relation to the
US Dollar at the level of one per cent per month against 4.5 per cent in 2000.  Further liberalization offoreign exchange operations and wide use of the mechanism of floating exchange rate facilitated to
the reduction of the difference between official and market exchange rates of Somoni.  These rates are
the result of Interbank foreign exchange market whic h started working in 2001.  There is full internal
convertibility of the Somoni.
Currently the credit-monetary and foreign exchange policy is focused on the implementation
of the Program of social-economical developmen t of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2002-2005, which
includes the following objectives:
− Creation of favorable conditions for the growth of real GDP by not less than five per cent
per year;
− Reduction of inflation rate;
− Increase of foreign currency reserves of the country sufficient to cover import during 2.5
months;
− Improvement of the mechanism of interbank foreign exchange, credit, and securities
market.
In the area of credit-monetary policy:
− Ensuring stability of the national currency--Somoni and its purchasing power;
− Strengthening and developing of the banking system, raising effectiveness of its activity;
− Improvement of payment system in order to develop a mechanism, which will ensure the
following: a) effective functioning of th e system; b) continuity of commodity and
financial-monetary flows, revenue and expenditure flows, savings and investments.
In the area of foreign exchange policy:
− Creation of favorable conditions for internal convertibility of Somoni, ensuring stability
of its exchange rate to foreign currencies;
− Continuation of the line to further liberalization of foreign exchange operations
− Taking measures on the improvement of work of the interbank foreign exchange market.
The exchange rate policy is an important issue of the credit-monetary and foreign exchange
policy in the near-term outlook.  In 2002 in this area the mechanism of the use of the floating foreign
exchange rate regime was kept.  According to this regime, intervention on the foreign exchange
market is restricted to operations on evening-out of the rate fluctuations adequate to the credit-
monetary policy.  In this way, the influence of the factor of instability of world prices is eliminated
and conditions for accumulation of gold and foreign exchange reserves and evening-out of the drastic
exchange rate fluctuations of Somoni are created.
For the management of regulation and maintaining the exchange rate of Somoni, the National
Bank of Tajikistan (NBT) widely uses such important instrument as management of gold and foreign
currency reserves.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 18
- Instruments of credit-monetary and foreign exchange policy
In order to create conditions for reduction of inflation rate and regulation of money supply, in
2002 the NBT will continue the work on improvement of current instruments of credit-monetary
policy and collateral crediting.  Collateral crediting is given to commercial banks on refinancing
interest rate taking into account lack of liquidity of these banks.
The activity of the interbank credit market is improving.  The participation of banks on this
market gives them a chance based on purchase-sale of free credit resources to determine the market
interest rate for credits.  For effective regulation of money supply and the level of liquidity of banks
the collateral crediting is also used.  Commercial banks will be allowed to use, as in the past, up to
25 per cent of the required reserves for purchase of state treasury bills and deposit certificates of the
NBT.  In this case, they can increase their assets out of proceeds of highly liquid securities, and
maintain their liquidity on the given level.
The NBT will take measures aimed at strengthening of money circulation and increasing the
effectiveness of interstate economic relations.  Among such measures are the build-up of gold and
foreign currency reserves, improvement of its management, active participation in the work of the
interbank credit market, and enhancing of credit control.
- Reform in the banking system
The reform of the banking system is also carried out in other areas such as:
− Expansion of the range of banking services and improvement of their quality;
− Improvement of activity of credit, securities and foreign exchange markets;
− Banking support to the private sector through granting of microcredits to entrepreneurs,
dehqan households and persons who are involved into small entrepreneurship without
status of legal person;
− Creation of non-banking financial institutions to render financial services including in the
countryside;
− Speeding-up of settlements of accounts through transition to the system of electronic
payments;
− Creation of the national payment system with the use of plastic bank cards "Tajcard";
− Building confidence in the banking system through ensuring strict observance of the
banking legislation in the area of customers' rights protection, confidentiality of holdingsand movement of funds on their accounts; and
− Reviving of banking activity in the area of attracting holdings of the population, creation
of conditions for insurance of deposits, guaranteeing their safety.
- Improvement of the payment system
In 2002 the interbank settlements of accounts mainly switch to the system of electronic
payments.  Completion of this task facilitates cutting down the time for settlements of accounts and
speeding-up the turnover of non-cash funds.  This year the work on creation of a national payment
system with the use of the plastic card (bank card) technology will be continued.  A national
processing center is being established and the ne twork of service points of bank cards (ATM) is
expanding.
- Fiscal policies
With adoption of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On fundamentals of budgetary
structure and budgetary process" in 1997 and corr esponding laws about the state budget, adopted forWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 19
each year, the appropriate legislative basis in the area of the budgetary relations of the state was
created.  This basis facilitated stabilization of the economy, finance and budget of the country.
In order to successfully implement the financial reform, the Ministry of Finance of the
Republic of Tajikistan in cooperation with the Tax Committee developed the Taxation Code of the
Republic of Tajikistan.  This Code was adopted by the Majlisi Oli (Parliament) on 12 November 1998and brought into effect on 1 January 1999. The new Taxation Code contains five main types of taxes:
value-added tax, sales tax, profits tax, income tax, and excise tax on certain types of goods
13.
During its development the main principles of tax policy and tax management, building of the
integrated tax system, simplification of tax collection mechanisms, annulment of irrational taxes and
other obligatory payments of tax nature, as well as reduction of number of inefficient taxes were taken
into account.
Since 2000 Tajikistan turned to new budgetary classification of revenues and expenses, which
meets international standards of the classification of state budgets of countries with market economies
and completely corresponds to the Statistics of state finance, designed by IMF.
In order to strengthen the state budget and to increase its revenue, the sales tax on cotton and
aluminum was authorized and introduced.
In order to quickly settle interstate payments and debt instruments on the current and late
payments, the Department of foreign debts at Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan was
created, which began functioning in the second quarter of 1997.  This Department deals with
restructuring and servicing of the foreign debt.
Revenues of the state budget for 2001 in percentage to GDP were 15.21 per cent that is
1.3 per cent higher than the level of 2000.  The state budget on revenues and grants for 2001 wasfulfilled to 107.8 per cent of the adjusted plan for this period and made up 382.3 million Somoni.
Expenditures of the state budget for 2001 amounted to 379.7 million Somoni, or
100.6 per cent of the adjusted plan for 2001.  In comparison with 2000 the volume of executed
expenditures increased by 117.9 million Somoni or by 45 per cent.  The ratio of expenditures to GDP
was 15.1 per cent with an increase of 0.6 per cent to the level of 2000.
A deficit of the state budget in the amount of 30,200,000 Somoni or one per cent of GDP is
foreseen by the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On the state budget of the Republic of Tajikistan
for 2002" and will be compensated through privati zation of the state property, credits of the World
Bank and the Asian Development Bank, securiti es sale, and issue of long-term bonds of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.
(c) Foreign exchange and payments system
The legal framework of the foreign exchange operations, rights and responsibilities of
participants in the foreign exchange market were determined by the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan
"On regulation of foreign exchange and foreign exchange control" passed in November 1995.
According to the Law, the National Bank of Tajikistan is the principal state body responsible for
organization and regulation of foreign exchange market activity and activity of its participants.
In April 1995 the Tajik Interbank foreign currency exchange was established by the decision
of the general meeting of founders as a joint stock closed corporation for organization and holding
                                                     
13 For excise tax rates, see Annex 9WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 20
tenders on wholesale purchase and sale of foreign currency.  Attempts of the Government and the
National Bank of Tajikistan to provide by administrative measures a sufficient supply of foreign
currency were not successful.  In 1998 the National Bank of Tajikistan turned to the floating rate by
starting holding more frequent tenders (twice a we ek), but in smaller volume of the foreign exchange
payments.  Since June 1999 tenders were held daily.
On 20 September 2001 shareholders of the Tajik Interbank foreign currency exchange passed
the Resolution "On liquidation of the Tajik Interb ank foreign currency exchange." Based on this
Resolution, the Board of Directors of the National Bank of Tajikistan passed the Resolution No. 261
of 9 November 2001 "On withdrawal of the licence on holding banking operations in foreign currency
with the Tajik Interbank foreign currency exchange."
The main document, which determines rules and the order of organization and functioning of
the interbank market "The Code of conduct of the founders of the interbank foreign exchange market
of the Republic of Tajikistan", was passed on 17 July 2000 by the general meeting of authorized
dealers of the banks-founders.  It was decided to  begin functioning of the interbank market on
19 July 2000.  This day is the official date of the beginning of functioning of the interbank foreign
exchange market of the Republic of Tajikistan.  Wh at is really important for the interbank foreign
exchange market is that the National Bank of Tajikistan does not interfere in the process of ratefixing.  The National Bank takes part in tenders as a participant and does not directly affect the
process.
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On regulation of foreign exchange
and foreign exchange control" passed in 1995, foreign exchange in the Republic of Tajikistan can
belong to both residents and non-residents.  Right of ownership of foreign exchange is protected by
state alongside with the right of ownership on other objects of property.  Residents have a right to buy
foreign exchange on the domestic exchange market of the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with
established order.  Purchase and sale of foreign exchange takes place through authorized banks and
their exchange offices.  The foreign exchange deals can be implemented on the interbank foreign
exchange market through authorized banks.
The decree No. 424 of the President of the Republic Tajikistan of 24 February 1996 cancelled
the obligatory sale of a part of foreign exchange earnings from export production sale to gold and
exchange currency reserve of the NBT.
The order of action of currency exchange control bodies and agents, exporters of raw
materials, production and goods, concrete mechanism of completion of documents and customs
clearance, movement of currency (earnings) and provision of information on currency exchange
control and forms of its processing, as well as liability in all participants of foreign trade operationsare determined in detail in the Regulation on the order of implementation of the currency exchange
control of foreign currency coming into the Republic of Tajikistan from exports of goods, approved
on 14 September 1996 by Orders of the Chairman of the Board of directors of the NBT and the
Chairman of the Customs committee of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.
In accordance with the Regulation, all exporters regardless of patterns of ownership,
including physical persons, are obliged to provide the transfer of the exchange earnings from sales of
goods outside the Republic of Tajikistan to foreign currency accounts of their servicing bank in the
Republic of Tajikistan.
The Decree No. 106 of the Government of Tajikistan of 11 March 2000 determines the order
of import and export of foreign currency in cash and securities.  According to this order, import offoreign exchange by residents and non-residents to the Republic of Tajikistan is implemented without
any limitation and with observance of the requirements of the customs legislation.  Physical persons,WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 21
residents and non-residents, are allowed to take out of the Republic of Tajikistan foreign currency in
cash up to US$2,000 without confirming documents about legality of its origin.
At the export of foreign currency in cash in the amount over the given fixed sum it is
necessary to present to customs documents confirming legality of the origin of the sum (customs
declaration, confirming import of foreign currency in  cash or other foreign exchange valuables to the
Republic of Tajikistan; certificate-permit on export of exchange valuables, issued by authorized banks
and the NBT).
- Relations with the IMF
Tajikistan became a member of the IMF on 27 April 1993. The quota of Tajikistan in the IMF
is equal to 87 million SDR (approximately US$118,000,000). The number of votes of Tajikistan in
the IMF is 1,120 or 0.05 per cent of total number of votes.
- Financial aid
Beginning 1996 Tajikistan used twice the IMF resources (see below the detailed information
in Table 1) to support economic programmes implemented by the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan.  Besides, the IMF approved two credits within the framework of emergency assistance in
the post conflict period: the first part equal to 7.5 million SDR on 19 December 1997; the second part,
also equal to 7.5 million SDR on 1 April 1998.
As of the end 1999 the total volume of overdue credits and loans was equal to 73.21 million
SDR.
Table 1
Agreement Approval dateExpiration or
annulment dateThe sum approved
(in million SDR)Used sum
(in million SDR)
Standby 8 May 1996 7 December 1996 15 15
PGRF1424 June 1998 23 June 2001 100.3 46.96
- Technical assistance
IMF provides technical assistance to Tajikistan in a number of areas, such as state
expenditures, tax policy and tax collection system, credit-monetary policy, organization of the NBT,
banking supervision and statistics.
(d) Foreign and domestic investment policies
Investment is necessary for economic growth because it is the main driving force and catalyst
of reforms.  In conditions of lack of internal investment the Republic of Tajikistan is in great need of
attracting foreign investment for rise of economy of the country and achieving sustainable
macroeconomic growth.  In this regard, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan undertakes
active investment policy aimed at creation of favorable investment climate, granting equal rights and
                                                     
14 On 22 November 1999 the mechanism of expanded financing of structural reconstruction (ESAF)
was renamed into the mechanism of financing of the poverty reduction and assisting economic growth (PGRF)and reoriented to the support of programmes intended for considerable and sustainable strengthening ofpositions on the balance of payments and assistance to long-term economic growth, which leads to the rise of
life standards and reduction of poverty.  PGRF is a mechanism of the IMF preferential financing.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 22
guarantees to both foreign and domestic investors, protection of their interests and property on the
territory of the country.
The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan has developed and determined a legislative
framework, which stimulates attraction of foreign investments.  The law of the Republic of Tajikistan
"On foreign investments in the Republic of Tajikistan" of 10 March 1992 defines the legal frameworkfor the participation of foreign capital in the economy of the country and contains a number of
benefits for foreign investors.  For foreign investment in priority branches of economy and in separate
territories, additional tax relief and other benefits can be determined in the legislation of the Republic
of Tajikistan.
Although legislative acts of the Republic of Tajikistan can define territories, where activity of
foreign investors and enterprises with foreign investments is limited or prohibited due to security or
other concerns, to date no restrictions on participation of foreign capital in the economy of the countryhas been introduced.
In order to attract foreign investments the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan studies
world experience and tries to create additional benefits for potential investors.  Thus, the Ministry of
Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan has currently developed drafts on amendments and
changes in legislation in force.  Particularly, it was proposed to waive the profits tax for enterpriseswith participation of foreign capital from two to five years depending on investment volume.  Also it
was suggested to establish legal protection of foreign investors from further changes in legislation,
which can bring an increase of total tax load of enterprises with foreign investments.
According to the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On privatization of the state property" of
16 May 1997, foreign legal and physical persons can participate in privatization of the state propertyin the Republic of Tajikistan on equal terms with citizens of Tajikistan.  The Government of the
Republic Tajikistan decides on privatization of especially important objects.
The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan also  intends to carry out a policy in the future,
aimed at improvement of the investment climate and legislative framework for attraction of foreign
capital into the national economy of the country.
(e) Competition policies
The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan undertakes logical steps for the creation of
fundamentals of multi-structural economy and development of conscientious and fair market climate
in the country.  These efforts aim at development of competition, which should become the main
factor stimulating domestic producers to produce competitive goods and reduce production costs.  In
this regard the process of privatization and denationalization of state property is going on.  The
process of improvement of the legislative framework is continuing.  For instance, in 2000 the Law ofthe Republic of Tajikistan "On competition and restriction of monopolist activity on goods markets"
was passed.  In this law organizational and legal bases of warning, restriction and prevention of
monopolist activity and unfair competition are defined.  At the same time, it is aimed at providing
conditions for creation and effective functioning of goods markets.  However, the analysis of the
market of goods and services shows that development of competition is limited by the weakdevelopment of small and medium business, shortcomings of the banking system, system of the
exchanges, lack of securities market as such, and also by the fact that market relations are in stage of
formation and only fundamentals of the market economy are created and by preservation of the state
administrative monopolism.  All that increases the pressure on the system of state antimonopoly
regulation.  Objectives of the antimonopoly regulation in Tajikistan are broader than preservation andprotection of competition, which practically needs to be created from scratch.  Therefore, the State
antimonopoly agency designed and submitted to the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan draftWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 23
laws "On state support of the small entrepreneurship in the Republic of Tajikistan," "On
advertisement," new edition of the Law "On protection of the consumer rights," and other laws of the
Republic of Tajikistan that should facilitate development of competition on the market of goods and
services.
- Regulations on existence and activity of monopolies or service providers having
special status
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On natural monopolies" the
activity of natural monopolies is controlled and regulated in the following areas: services on
production and transmission of electric energy, services on purchase, transportation and supply of
natural gas via pipelines, railway and air transportation, services of transport terminals and airports,
communication services, production of goods of defense importance.  The main methods of the
regulation of the activity of natural monopolies are price regulation, realized through determination ofprices, rates or their maximum level; determination of the consumers rights to obligatory service and
setting up the minimum level of the service in the ev ent of impossibility to sa tisfy in full the needs in
goods (work, service), produced (realized) by the natural monopoly taking into account the necessity
of protection of rights and legitimate interests of citizens.  The State Agency determines by its orders
(decisions) rates on electric and thermal energy in accordance with the above-mentioned law.  In thearea of services related to purchase, transportation and supply of natural gas via pipelines, the Agency
approves rates on natural gas supply to all groups of consumers based on the supporting documents
from the State unitary company "Tajik gas".  Rates a nd tariffs in the area of railway transportation are
determined within the framework of the CIS Unified tariff policy.  The Tajik railway approves rates
and tariffs for railway transportation only after agreement with the State Antimonopoly Agency.  Asfor tariffs on services of air transportation, a similar order of consideration and approval is used.
Since airports functioning on the territory of the country are structural subdivisions of Tajik Air
Company "Tajikistan", services of airport facilities are included into the tariffs on air transportation
services and are not considered separately.
3. Foreign trade in goods and services
As is well known, in the Soviet period the economies of the former Soviet republics were
basically aimed at satisfaction of internal needs of the Soviet Union and partners in the socialist camp,
first of all, countries-members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON).
The process of real and free development of foreign economic relations of the Republic of
Tajikistan began since declaration of the country's sovereignty.  During this time solid legal-
regulatory framework of the foreign economic activity was created, single national policy in this area
was developed based on free competition on domestic and foreign markets and principal guidelines ofdeepening and reforming of foreign economic relations were determined.
The foreign trade was liberalized and small and medium privatization was completed.  What
is important-priorities of foreign economic activity and pilot branches of national economy, which
define development of economic potential and rationalization of import, were determined.
The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan made concrete steps in order to have foreign
economic strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan first of all based on the policy of increase of export
and rapid development of import replacing industries.  All conditions were set up for primary
development of such branches, which would provide export of resources not only in the form of raw
materials but also mainly as finished goods in demand on the foreign market.
In accordance with the Decree of the President of the country the Comprehensive program of
reforms and structural changes in domestic economy was developed which clearly defined keyWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 24
objectives and measures necessary for their successful implementation.  Main goals of this program
are single trade-economic policy, single development programmes, and stabilization of functioning of
branches of national economy.
Structural changes are one of the most important steps in implementation of this Program.
Understanding the necessity of concentrating efforts of the state on complete mechanism of the wholesocial-economic system of the country and in order to implement a single economic, trade, and
foreign economic policy, the Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan was
created in January 2001 by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Structural changes, implementation of the above-mentioned objectives and guidelines for
practical work of structural subdivisions of the Mi nistry are realized taking into account the specific
character of development of foreign relations with every country of the far and near abroad with the
aim of integration of the Republic of Tajikistan into world society.
The Republic of Tajikistan pays priority attention to development of foreign economic
relations both on bilateral and multilateral levels.  By 2002 the Republic of Tajikistan has established
trade-economic relations with more than 80 countries.  The main form of the foreign economic
relations of the Republic of Tajikistan is foreign trade.
It is necessary to stress that in the course of many years the structure of foreign trade has not
been favorable for the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan.  In export there is prevalence of
undesirable export of raw materials and non-ferro us metals, and in import—power resources and
foodstuff. One-sided structure of export intensifies the dependence of foreign trade and the state of
national economy in general on the fluctuation of prices on the world market, particularly on the
aluminum and cotton markets where prices have had a trend to fall in the course of several years.
The foreign trade turnover of the country in 2001, including export and import of electric
power and import of natural gas, amounted to US$1,333,900,000 that is nine per cent lower than the
level of 2000 or US$125,500,000 less.  At the same time, the balance of trade of the country was
negative: the import exceeded the export by US$30,900,000.  The balance of the foreign trade
turnover was negative due to the following reasons:
− Significant reduction of the average prices on the world market of the main commodities
exported from the country, such as aluminum and cotton, and increase of the prices onmany imported goods.  Thus, the average price on primary aluminum in comparison with
the similar period of 2000 dropped US$197/ton and was equal to US$1,388/ton against
US$1,585 in 2000.  Due to this slide, the country received US$56,500,000 less.  Besides,
the price on cotton for the last year dropped US$217/ton on average.  The situationaggravated even more due to the reduction of export of cotton in 2001 of 3,400 ton and
the country received US$20,300,000 less than expected.  One more reason for the
widening of the deficit of the trade balance was the increase of prices on imported goods.
Thus, on imported oil products average price increased from US$218/ton in 2000 to
US$265/ton in 2001. As a result, only for purchase of oil products the country spent
US$13,000,000 more than previous year.  Preliminary figures show a foreign trade
turnover in 2002 of US$1,454 million of which US$717.9 million for imports andUS$736.1 million for exports.
− Unsatisfactory activity of the branches of the economy producing import-substituting
goods also negatively influences the balan ce of the foreign trade turnover. Goods and
products prevail in import, which could be produced in the country.
− In 2001 the Republic of Tajikistan had foreign trade relations with 71 countries, including
60 countries of far (non-CIS) and 11 countries of near abroad (CIS countries).WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 25
− The share of the foreign trade turnover with the CIS countries is 55.8 per cent or
US$744,100,000, and with countries of far abroad 44.2  per cent or US$589,800,000 (SeeTable in Annex I).
− The deficit of the trade balance with the CIS countries is US$321,300,000.  In the export
part of the foreign trade turnover the share of the countries of far abroad is 67.6 per centor US$440,100,000.  In import the CIS countries have a significant share: 78.1 per cent or
US$532,700,000 (See Table in Annex I).
- Exports
In 2001 the export of raw materials, products and goods from the country amounted to
US$651,600,000 that is US$132,800,000 less than in 2000.
As it is noted, in the structure of the export there is still domination of export of goods and
raw materials to the countries of far abroad - US$440,100,000, which is 67 per cent of total export
(See Table in Annex I).
The leading importers of commodities from  Tajikistan are the Netherlands-US$194,400,000,
Turkey-US$75,100,000, Switzerland-US$52,200,000, Iran-US$29,900,000, Hungary-US$38,800,000.
The export of goods to the CIS countries wa s equal to US$211,200,000 including to Uzbekistan-
US$87,100,000 and to Russia -US$104,700,000.
As a whole, 61.1 per cent of the export volume consists of primary aluminum, cotton
11.0 per cent and electric power-12.0 per cent.
It is necessary to note that in 2001 the volume of export of primary aluminum increased by
13,500 tons.  In comparison with previous year, the average price on primary aluminum dropped by
US$197/MT.  Aluminum is mainly exported to the Netherlands-48.8 per cent of the total amount, to
Russia–13.0 per cent, to Turkey–18.8 per cent and to Hungary–9.6 per cent.
As it was already noted, the ratio of cotton in total volume of export in 2001 is 11.0 per cent
(75,400 tons or US$71,500,000) that is 3,400 ton or US$20,300,000 less in comparison with the same
period of 2000.  This is connected with reduction of the world prices on cotton.  Cotton is mainly
exported to Switzerland–42.4 per cent of total export, to Russia–24.1 per cent, to Iran–6.7 per cent, to
Latvia–16.5 per cent.
The share of the electric power in foreign trade turnover is 12.9 per cent and its export
amounted to US$78,400,000 and import to US$94,000,000.
- Imports
The share of imports in the foreign trade turnover in 2001 was 51.2 per cent or
US$682,400,000 that is US$7,400,000 more than the corresponding level of 2000 (See Table in
Annex I).
Commodities were mainly imported into the country from countries of the near abroad:
Uzbekistan 22.0 per cent, Russia 19.0 per cent, Kazakhstan 13.1 per cent, Ukraine 9.3 per cent and
Turkmenistan 8.4 per cent.  Import of electricity amounted to 5,392,000,000 Kwt/hour or
US$94,000,000 that is US$24,200,000 less than for same period of 2000.
Import of natural gas was 558,100,000 m³ or an amount of US$25,900,000 and decreased by
26.6 per cent or by US$9,400,000 in comparison with 2000.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 26
The main foodstuff items imported to the country are: wheat, flour, sugar and confectionery,
fats and butter and vegetable oil.
The analysis of the data of the Customs committee shows that average prices on exported
goods fell in comparison with the same period la st year: primary aluminum by US$197/ton, cotton by
US$217/ton, tobacco and tobacco products by US$91/t on, fruits and vegetables by US$15/ton, leather
and hides by US$15/ton.  On the contrary, average prices increased on some imported goods.  Thus,
the price of the diesel oil increased by US$88 per ton, wheat by US$2 per ton and mineral fertilizers
by US$15 per ton.
In order to avoid payment of customs duties participants in foreign economic activity
deliberately reduce declared prices for imported goods.  In this regard it is necessary to continue the
improvement of the order of carrying out procedures of export-import operations and its regulation by
the government.
In order to ensure the stable growth of the economy and the positive balance of the foreign
trade turnover of the country, the Department of the development of the export potential and foreign
trade proposes to instruct ministries, agencies and enterprises concerned regardless of the patterns of
ownership, and first of all commodity-producing branches, to take measures on top-priority increase
of the export of finished products, and in import--the delivery of raw materials, other materials,technologies and equipment for production needs.  It is worth orienting them on the gradual
application of joint ventures.  Main objectives of the joint ventures on the territory of the Republic of
Tajikistan should be use of advanced technologies and equipment for production of the products in
big demand and build upon advanced forms of organization and production management, and use the
sales network of the foreign partner.
4. Domestic trade in services
Foreign investments in the area of services are not significant so far.  There are about 20
joint-ventures functioning in the country in this area.  Mainly, foreign investments were made into
communication, commercial, educational, constructing and consulting services.  This sector of the
national economy has big potential, which is not realized, especially in tourism.
The location of the Republic of Tajikistan on the crossroads of the Great Silk Road, rich
historical and cultural heritage and unique natural resources create favorable conditions for
development of the international tourism in the country.  The Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan has developed mid-term and long-term programmes for development of the sector with
attraction of foreign investments.
The Policy of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, aimed at construction and
rehabilitation of highways and communications system s with attraction of foreign capital, facilitates
the expansion of the infrastructure of the transportation services and telecommunications.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 27Paid Services to The Population - Volume of Paid Services15
In prices of 2000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
441.8 129.0 124.2 63.4 51.4 56.1 57.9 60.8 154.0 188.9 389.5 Total paid services, million Somoni
81.1 23.2 22.1 11.1 8.9 9.5 9.7 10.0 25.3 30.7 61.1 Per capita, Somoni
Main Indicators of Consumer Service
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
235 195 177 110 116 102 89 55 48 44 37 Number of enterprises (as of end of the year)
165 175 159 75 90 63 55 31 25 21 28 In cities
70 20 18 35 26 39 34 24 23 23 9 In the countryside
40.0 32.0 27.9 24.7  20.2 18.4 9.6 6.3 5.0 4.4 4.1 Average number of employed-total, thousands
                                                     
15 Since 1996 through all channels of sales.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 28 Number of Ateliers and Shops of Consumer Service by Types
units
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
5,850 2,558 3,123 2,980 2,809 2,281 1,362 1,120 999 875 865Total
By type:
712 267 383 314 295 196 142 169 131 80 96 Repair and custom tailoring of shoes
752 384 477 445 401 280 180 125 93 85 93 Repair and custom tailoring of clothes, custom
tailoring and knitting of knitted garments
859 419 422 393 378 301 195 164 138 111 132 Repair of electric appliances, repair and production
of metal ware
606 232 263 242 227 177 123 90 96 86 76 Repair and technical servicing of private cars
230 114 120 104 78 62 19 21 8 14 12 Repair and production of furniture
37 22 17 15 16 13 9 9 7 6 7 Dry cleaning and dyeing
70 39 37 35 21 27 18 16 11 11 11 Laundry service
311 105 134 143 133 102 40 22 14 19 16 Repair and construction of housing
223 153 154 134 116  116    71 57 52 61 66 Photo service
113 84 88 80  67  61 38 30 38 29 26 Services of baths and showers
1,325 408 652 604 555 483 248 200 174 175 180 Hairdressing services
79 48 47 38 31 24 10 5 5 12 5 Leasing services
533 283 329 433 491 439 269 212 232 186 45 Other servicesWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 29Number of Ateliers and Shops of Consum er Service in the Countryside by Type
unit
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
2,468 984 1,319 1,172 1,168 894  447 305 277 198 163Total
By types:
256 80 137 117 103 64 42 54 28 12 23 Repair and custom tailoring of shoes
483 214 277 231 226 128 78 27 22 16 12 Repair and custom tailoring of clothes, custom
tailoring and knitting of knitted garments
254 138 131 85  75 55 34 22 9 14 10 Repair of electric appliances, repair and production
of metal ware
202 72 96 88 68 47 18 16 26 16 7 Repair and technical servicing of private cars
160 77 82 66 45 32 5 6 3 4 1 Repair and production of furniture
2 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - Dry cleaning and dyeing
8133351 - - - - L a u n d r y  s e r v i c e
172 58 79 72 71 53 17 8 6 13 6 Repair and construction of housing
63 23 46 35 22 18 10 5 5 4 4 Photo services
15 32 34 35 29    30 27 21 25 16 16 Services of baths and showers
663 195 306 274 264 226 117 65 60 46 46 Hairdressing service
1 578 1 26721181 L e a s i n g  s e r v i c e
175 85 119 154 139 228 96 80 92 49 37 Other servicesWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 30 Distribution of Paid Services by Ownership16
(in prices of corresponding years)
in thousand Somoni
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
7.2 27.0 279.9 769.7 2,584.8 8,941.4 15,937. 1 32,646.0 120,190.1 188,933.1 389,521.9Paid services total
including:
5.5 20.0 167.0 693.4 2,411.4 8,433.8 14,777.9 23,885. 4 25,817.0 42,340.0 112,512.0 State ownership
1.7 7.0 112.9 73.3 173.4 507.6 1,159.2 8,760.6 64,37 3.1 146,593.1 277,009.9 Private ownership
Including:
3.2 8.2 69.3 135.6 228.2 447.2 565.1 980. 7 83,320.7 83,615.4 150,517.6 Personal
2.0 6.0 48.4 93.6 155.7 265.6 353.0 459.8 352.6 429.8 599.0 - State ownership
1.2 2.2 21.0 41.9 72.5 181.6 212.1 520.9 82,968. 1 83,185.6 149,918.6 - Private ownership
1.4 9.6 128.1 373.8 1,540.6 4,905.9 9,508.6 17,051.8 15,826.6 39,030.1 79,409.5 Passenger transportation
1.2 5.3 79.8 371.3 1,533.5 4,880.1 9,281.6 14,478.5 12,803.4 23,736.6 63,004.7 - State ownership
0.2 4.3 48.3 2.4 7.1 25.8 227.0 2,573.3 3,023.2 15,293.5 16,404.8 - Private ownership
0.3 1.1 9.7 30.9 133.7 1,109.0 1,521.0 2,223.4 2,802.4 5,000.3 7,000.6 Communications
0.3 1.1 6.9 30.9 133.4 1,108.7 1,520.8 2,196.7 2,508.9 2,001.4 2,679.7 - State ownership
0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 26.7 293.5 2,998.9 4,320.9 - Private ownership
0.9 4.4 42.7 154.9 502.9 1,914.9 3,166.1 6m205.2 9m924.5 16,349.5 43,217.9 Housing and communal
services
0.8 4.2 6.6 134.4 424.9 1,689.6 2,613.9 3,809.5 5,944.1 9,943.3 33,827.9 - State ownership
0.1 0.2 2.6 20.5 78.0 225.3 552.2 2,395.7 3,980.4 6,406.2 9,390.0 - Private ownership
7.5 0.3 1.2 3.6 15.1 41.9 148.0 3,613.3 5,253.4 40,944.4 103,254.0 Education
6.9 0.3 0.6 3.3 14.6 40.0 142.5 1,314.7 2,746.8 3,566.9 9,229.4 - State ownership
0.6 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.9 5.5 2,298.6 2,506.6 37,377.5 94,024.6 - Private ownership
0.3 0.4 4.2 4.9 7.8 23.4 36.5 147.6 67.0 98.0 183.7 Culture
0.2 0.3 3.3 4.9 7.6 22.3 34.5 147.6 56.8 93.4 179.8 - State ownership
0.1 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.2 1.1 2.0 - 10.2 4.6 3.9 - Private ownership
0.3 0.4 2.9 1.6 2.1 14.0 14.2 46.5 45.7 48.4 75.5 Tourism
0.3 0.4 1.9 1.5 2.1 14.0 14.2 46.5 44.7 44.5 68.4 - State ownership
0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 … - - - 1.0 3.9 7.1 - Private ownership
                                                     
16 Through all channels of sales.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 311991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
2.4 0.03 0.5 0.2 0.5 2.0 2.8 3.9 12.4 12.8 9.3 Sports
2.4 0.03 0.04 0.2 0.5 2.0 2.2 3.2 5.2 6.6 2.0 - State ownership
0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 - 0.6 0.7 7.2 6.2 7.2 - Private ownership
0.1 0.2 1.5 4.3 10.8 38.7 58.5 99.2 100.3 155.9 340.2 Health care
0.1 0.2 0.7 4.3 10.8 38.7 58.3 83.4 58.2 125.4 287.1 - State ownership
0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.2 15.8 42.1 30.5 53.1 - Private ownership
0.2 0.7 5.4 25.9 34.9 94.0 135.0 322.6 359.5 727.0 1,241.2 Sanatoriums
0.2 0.7 0.4 24.3 34.7 93.4 134.8 302.3 334.0 592.3 1,020.8 - State ownership
0.0 0.0 5.1 1.6 0.3 0.6 0.2 20.3 25.5 134.6 220.4 - Private ownership
0.1 0.7 5.8 14.2 65.4 152.1 417.4 714.8 733.0 1,229.4 661.4 Legal and banking
institutions
0.1 0.7 3.4 14.2 65.4 152.1 417.4 714.6 733.0 1,226.3 656.4 - State ownership
0.0 0.0 2.4 - 0.0 - - 0.2 - 3.1 5.0 - Private ownership
0.4 1.0 8.6 19.2 42.8 198.3 363.9 1,237.3 1,744.6 1,721.9 3,611.0 Other services
0.3 0.8 5.1 13.4 28.3 127.3 204.9 328.6 229.2 573.5 956.6 - State ownership
0.1 0.2 3.5 6.5 14.5 71.0 159.0+ 908.7 1,515.4 1,148.4 2,654.4 - Private ownershipWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 32Providing Paid Services to Population by Ministries and Institutions
(In prices of corresponding years)
in thousand Somoni17
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
7.2 27.0 279.9 769.7 2,584.8 8,941.4 15,937.1 26,579 31, 068.6 52,789.6 126,944.3 Republic of Tajikistan
including:
2.0 4.4 47.8 104.0 140.1 236.8 296.0 372.0 348.3 505.4 691.4 Tajik state concern on
consumer goods andservices
1.4 5.3 56.2 141.8 422.7 1,412.3 1,666.7 2,580.1 1,495.4 1,365.2 62,329.9 Ministry of
transportation
0.2 3.5 35.6 34.5 371.5 1,272.6 1,968.6 3,685.0 5,370.4 9,118.1 2,400.7 Concern "Tajikkommun
servis"
0.3 1.2 9.6 30.6  132.3 1,074.2 1,494.3 2,173.3 2,798.9 4,619.2 5,987.5 Ministry of
communications
0.2 0.7 6.4 25.6 45.9 132.8 223.1 346.3 427.8 153.9 205.3 Ministry of Agriculture
0.1 0.3 2.2 2.8     9.1   26.8    46.8 57.2 46.8 48.4 78.2 Kolkhozes
0.1 0.1 3.5 10.6 46.0 213.0 195.4 282.3 352.0 741.5 483.1 State committee on
industry
0.2 0.3 3.2 4.8 7.5 29.1 38.3 175.6 45.3 77.3 143.4 Ministry of Culture
… 0.7 1.7 2.2
4.3 16.3 17.9 23.6 42.962.6 67.4 industrial association
"Tajikavto-motoservis"
0.1 0.6 5.2 11.3 43.4 145.3 386.0 660.1 617.5 947.4 99.82 Ministry of Justice
… 0.5 1.1 1.9 4.3 15.0 24.7 38.6 53.7 81.0 129.3 Joint stock industrial
commercial company
"Pamirlada"
0.1 0.2 1.1 3.9 5.3 27.4 58.3 65.0 42.1 102.2 272.2 Ministry of Health
0.1 0.3 1.6 4.6 6.0 32.9 42.3 81.7 98.0 120.6 184.2 Defense Assistance
Society
0.0 0.03 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.9 2.9 3.5 4.5 4.6 5.9 Motorist union
0.1 0.1 1.4 3.9 6.2 4.0 8.2 19.5 25.6 33.6 90.8 Concern "Tajikselstroi"
0.0 0.1 0.8 4.8 10.4 63.7 115.4 243.0 391.5 310.0 394.0 Tajikmatlubot
0.0 0.1 0.5 2.2 3.6 5.4 10.0 8.5 9.5 22.6 30.6 "Tajikstroi"
0.0 0.1 0.9 1.5 5.8 16.2 24.8 28.9 37.4 44.3 68.1 Ministry of water
industry
                                                     
17 On accountable range.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 331991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
… 0.2 1.3 2.0 2.8 7.6 16.5 27.8 32.1 37.1 46.3 Joint stock company
"Kafolat"
0.4 0.8 4.8 19.3 75.6 206.4 548.6 1,155.8 2,317.4 4,748.2 5,580.8  "Barqi Tojik" Holding
Company
0.0 4.0 55.5 111.8 674.5 2,532.6 6,631.1 9,244.6 8,944.7 15,573.1 51,772.0 Tajikistan airlines
company
0.0 0.6 19.6 124.9 455.9 1,022.9 1,349.8 2,472.7 2,290.3 6,150.5 8,806.6 Tajik railway
1.9 2.4 20.0 120.3 111.1 446.2 771.4 2,833.9 5,276.5 7,922.8 16,587.5 OtherWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 34Providing Paid Services To Population By Regions
(In prices of corresponding years)
in thousand of Somoni- on accountable range
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Republic of Tajikistan
7.2 27.0 279.9 769.7 2,584.8 8,941.4 15,937.1 26,57 9.0 31,069.1 52,789.6 126,944.3 Paid services
3.2 8.2 69.3 135.6 228.2 447.2 565.1 817.2 797. 9 1,092.6 1,524.4 Including personal
Gorno-Badakhshan
Autonomous Oblast
0.1 0.3 2.1 5.1 17.1 76.0 145.0 248.7 306.3 541.1 968.7 Paid services
0.0 0.1 0.9 2.0 2.5 8.0 11.1 35.1 21.4 24.8 23.9 Including personal
Sughd Oblast
2.6 10.5 119.9 319.4 912.9 2,504.6 4,764.1 8,076 .0 8,869.6 15,971.7 44,154.0 Paid services
1.3 3.9 33.6 71.8 121.4 236.6 319.8 386.2 360.8 590.0 846.3 Including personal
Khatlon Oblast.
1.3 2.4 28.5 67.6 221.0 457.8 773.0 1,341.9 1,694.5 2,627.1 4,701.7 Paid services
0.6 0.8 12.1 23.2 33.1 74.3 64.1 76.3 85.6 157.2 172.0 Including personal
Dushanbe
2.2 11.1 113.4 338.2 1,326.5 5,623.8 9,825.8 16,095. 4 19,158.2 30,987.1 73,917.9 Paid services
0.8 2.2 15.6 22.2 53.2 98.0 145.2 279.0 272.3 266.7 436.5 Including personal
Districts of Central
Subordination
1.0 2.6 16.1 39.6 107.3 279.2 429.2 817.0 1,039.8 2,662.3 3,202.0 Paid services
0.5 1.1 7.1 16.3 18.0 30.3 24.9 40.6 58.9 53.9 45.7 Including personalWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 35
5. Information on financial movements related to nationals working abroad
Money transfers of citizens who work abroad are received in accounts in "Agroinvestbank,"
"Amonatbonk," "Orienbonk."  Bank card system is used and banks charge 1-3 per cent of the amount
transferred for this service.
Residents and non-residents have the right to bring to the country foreign currency without
any restrictions observing customs rules.  Residents working abroad can transfer foreign currency to
the Republic of Tajikistan without opening an account.
The same order is used for money transfers from the Republic of Tajikistan and is observed
by the non-residents.  Besides, in accordance with requirements of Article XXX of the Agreement
with the IMF, citizens can transf er funds equal to US$2,000 in daily operations ("The order of the
transfer of foreign currency from the Republic of Tajikistan and to the Republic of Tajikistan without
opening current foreign currency accounts" appr oved by the NBT on 19 October 1999, Protocol
No. 19)
6. Information on growth in trade in goods and services over recent years and forecasts for
years to come
Value of retail trade turnover in 2001 was 777.7 million Somoni, including 734.4 million
Somoni of trade in open market bazaars, etc..
In 2001 the retail trade turnover increased in comparison with 2000 by 1.6 per cent.
Sources of retail trade formation through all sales channels are provided in the table below:
Mln. Somoni Share
(%)Level as % of
previous year
Total value of retail trade through all channels
of sales777.7 100 101.6
From this:
- Public Sector 18.5 2 94.4
- Private Sector 759.2 98 101.8
- Cooperative trade ("Tojikmatlubot") 12.6 2 94.9
- Open market (Bazaar, etc.) 734.4 96 101.2
The share of private sector in total volume of retail trade is 98 per cent.
In retail trade structure 57.5 per cent were food products and 42.5 per cent non-food products.
In 2001 total of paid services provided to population through all sales channels was equal to
365.1 million Somoni, which is 19.9 per cent more than in 2000.
20.8 million ton of cargo and 158.1 million passengers were transported by the all kind of
transport in 2001.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 36- Forecast
Foreign trade turnover of export-import operations of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period of up to 2015
US$ Million
Growth rate in %
Indicators 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2010 2015 2005 to
20002010 to
20052015 to
20102015 to
2000
Foreign trade turnover 1,459.4 1,339.1 1,454.0 1,549 .2 1,743.5 1,790.7 1,970.0 2,250.0 122.7 110.0 114.2 154.2
Exports 784.3 651.6 736.1 781.3 1,012.3 1,054 .8 1,250.0 1,400.0 134.5 118.5 112.0 178.5
Imports 675.1 687.5 717.9 767.9 731.2 735. 9 720.0 750.0 109.0 97.8 104.2 111.1
Foreign exchange earnings 452.0 325.2 377.5 428.0 582.2 554.7 730.5 831. 0 122.7 131.7 113.8 183.8
From exports of goods 406.7 259.0 308.3 355. 3 506.2 474.7 637.5 726.0 116.7 134.3 113.9 178.5
From services provided 45.3 66.2 69.2 72.7 76.0 80.0 93.0 105.0 176.6 116.3 112.9 2.3 р
Exports and imports of the main types of production of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period of up to 2015
Growth rate in %
Commodity group Unit2000
report2001
report2002
estimate2003 2004 2005 2010 2015 2005 to
20002010 to
20052015 to
20102015 to
2000
12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
EXPORTS
78.8 67.8 120.3 130.6 162.0 178.0 180.0 190.0 2.3 101.1 105.5 2.4 times Cotton-fibre Th. tons
Mln. US$ 91.8 62.1 96.2 127.3 178.8 198.7 212.4 224.2 2.2 106.9 105.5 2.4 times
273.5 285.7 302.0 317.0 325.3 335.1 369. 389.8 122.5 110.2 105.5 142.5 Primary Aluminum Th. tons
Mln. US$ 433.6 396.5 404.4 425.0 522.1 537.8 586.2 623.7 124.0 109.0 106.4 143.8
4.2 2.3 3.7 4.7 5.6 5.9 6.3 6.9 140.5 106.8 109.5 164.3 Hides Th. tons
Mln. US$ 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.99 1.05 1.1 1.2 131.3 104.8 109.1 1.5 times
7.8 3.1 5.8 6.4 9.0 9.2 9.5 10.2 117.9 103.3 107.4 130.8 Tobacco and
tobacco productsTh. tons
Mln. US$ 5.8 2.0 3.7 4.1 7.2 7.3 7.5 8.1 125.9 102.7 108.0 139.7
121.3 133.3 142.5 157.5 153.4 165.6 223. 6 260.6 136.5 135.0 116.5 2.1 times Total of fruits and
vegetables andtinned goodsTh. tons
Mln. US$ 23.4 22.2 23.5 26.0 26.6 28.9 38. 2 46.4 123.5 132.2 121.5 2.0 times
100.9 106.0 112.9 127.1 121.4 129.2 169.0 178.7 128.0 130.8 105.7 177.1 including:
fruits andvegetablesTh. tons
Mln. US$ 17.7 15.7 16.4 18.4 18.6 19.8 24.5 25.9 111.9 123.7 105.7 146.3WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 37Growth rate in %
Commodity group Unit2000
report2001
report2002
estimate2003 2004 2005 2010 2015 2005 to
20002010 to
20052015 to
20102015 to
2000
20.4 27.3 29.6 30.4 32.0 36.4 54.6 81.9 178.4 1.5 times 1.5
times4.0 times Tinned goods Th. tons
Mln. US$
5.7 6.5 7.1 7.6 8.0 9.1 13.7 20.5 159.6 1.5 times 149.6 3.6 times
kwt/h 3,908.7 4,047.0 2,786.0 2,500.0 4,200.0 4,270.0 4,215.0 8,359.0 109.2 98.7 198.3 2.1 times
Electric power Mln. US$ 86.7 78.5 55.7 50.0 84.0 85.4 84.3 167.2 98.5 98.7 198.3 1.9 times
IMPORTS
321.3 246.0 230.0 200.0 356.9 353.2 320.0 300.0 109.9 90.6 93.7 93.3
WheatTh. tons
Mln. US$ 36.2 30.3 25.3 21.0 38.9 38.5 32.0 29.4 106.4 83.1 91.9 81.2
55.4 54.5 49.9 45.1 85.9 85.2 73.0 77.1 153.8 85.7 105.6 139.2
FlourTh. tons
Mln. US$ 8.3 7.5 5.9 5.0 12.8 12.7 8.0 7.9 153.0 63.0 98.8 95.2
202.2 293.5 343.2 402.6 363.1 365.3 370.0 375.0 180.7 101.3 101.4 185.5
Oil productsTh. tons
Mln. US$ 44.1 78.3 80.3 92.6 63.5 63.9 78.3 79.1 144.9 122.5 101.0 179.4
86.9 103.1 120.2 129.2 95.4 97.2 169. 3 177.8 111.8 174.2 105.0 2.0 times Chemical fertilizers Th. tons
Mln. US$ 10.1 12.4 14.7 15.5 10.8 11.0 18. 6 19.6 108.9 169.1 105.4 1.9 times
Kwt/h 5,242.4 5,396.4 4,178.0 4,000.0 5,710.0 5,900.0 4,305.0 8,415.0 112.5 73.0 195.5 1.6 times
Electric power Mln. US$ 118.2 98.3 83.6 80.0 108.5 112. 1 86.1 168.3 94.8 76.8 195.5 1.4 times
Mln. m³ 726.3 565.0 607.0 650.0 820.0 825.0 645.8 930.0 113.6 78.3 144.0 128.0
Natural gas Mln. US$ 35.2 26.7 29.1 33.5 39.6 40.0 30.4 43.7 113.6 76.0 143.8 124.1WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 38
III. FRAMEWORK FOR MAKI NG AND ENFORCING POLICIES AFFECTING
FOREIGN TRADE IN GOODS AND TRADE IN SERVICES
1. Powers of executive, legislative and judicial branches of government
In Accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan the state power is based on
the principle of its division into legislative, executive and judiciary.
-P r e s i d e n t
The President of Tajikistan is the Head of the State and the executive power—the
Government (Article 64 of the Constitution).  The President is a guarantor of the Constitution and
laws, rights and liberties of the people and citizens, national independence, unity and territorial
integrity, succession and longevity of the state, coordinated functioning and interaction of the state
bodies, observance of international agreements of Tajikistan.
Citizens of Tajikistan elect the President based on universal equal and direct suffrage by
secret ballot for the term of office of seven years.  Every citizen at the age of 35-65 years old speaking
the state language and living on the territory of Tajikistan not less than the ten last years can be
nominated as a candidate to the position of the President of the country.
The Constitution provides the President with wide authority.  He determines the principal
directions of the internal and external policies, represents Tajikistan in the country and abroad,establishes and abolishes bodies of executive power, appoints and dismisses officials including
members of the Government, heads of administrative structures, heads of local authorities, and all
judges.  Appointment and dismissal of some officials by the President is carried out upon approval of
the Majlisi Oli (Parliament) (Article 69 of the Constitution and Article 7 of the Constitutional law of
the Republic of Tajikistan "On the Government").  In the framework of his/her authority, based on
and in pursuance of the Constitution, constitutional laws of the Republic of Tajikistan, the President
issues Decrees and instructions and has the right to cancel or suspend implementation of acts issued
by government authorities in case of their contradiction with the Constitution of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
The President forms and heads the executive office, provides coordination between all
branches of authority in the country, forms and dismisses Ministries, State Committees and other
administrative bodies of the Republic of Tajikistan.
While in the office, the President cannot hold any other post, be a deputy of representative
bodies or be engaged in any business.
The authority of the President can be suspended upon his/her announcement of his/her
resignation, at the joint meeting of the Majlisi Namoyandagon (Lower chamber of the Parliament) and
the Majlisi Milli (Upper chamber of the Parliament) if the majority of members of the Parliament willvote for this.
In case of inability of the President to discharge his/her duties due to sickness, based on the
certificate of the special state medical commission both chambers of the Parliament may come to a
conclusion about pre-term dismissal of the President by not less than two thirds of votes of the total
number of members of Parliament.
The President loses the privilege of immunity in the event of committing high treason on the
grounds of conclusions of the Constitutional court confirmed by two thirds of votes of the total
number of members of the Parliament.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 39
- The Government
The Government is the body of executive authority of the Republic of Tajikistan, and
provides effective guidance for the functioning of the economy, social life and culture, observance of
laws, decisions of the Majlisi Oli (Parliament), Decrees and instructions of the President of Tajikistan,
heads the system of state administration, provides it s functioning and coordinated cooperation.  At the
same time, it can overrule any act issued by any government body contradicting legislation.
The Government of the country consists of the Prime minister, his/her first deputy minister
and deputy ministers, ministers, chairpersons of state committees.
The Government acts in the framework of the term of the office of the President of the
Republic of Tajikistan and resigns before a newly elected President who has the right to make
anytime a decision about early abdication of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in full or
relieve members of the Government of a position fo llowing approval of the Majlisi Oli (Parliament).
In case of declaration by the Government about its inability to normally function, it can notify
the President about its request to resign.
Each member of the Government has a right to resign.  The order of organization, activity and
authorities of the Government are defined by constitutional law.
- Legislative powers
In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan the Majlisi Oli (Parliament)
is the highest representative and legislative body of the Republic of Tajikistan.  The Majlisi Oli
consists of two chambers – the Majlisi Milli (U pper chamber) and the Majlisi Namoyandagon (Lower
chamber).  The term of office of the Majlis Oli is five years.  The authority of the Majlisi Milli and the
Majlisi Namoyandagon stops at the day of the beginning of the activity of the Majlisi Oli of the newelection.
The organization and activity of the Majlisi Oli are defined by constitutional Law No. 1 "On
the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan" of 19 April 2000.  The Majlisi Milli (Upper Chamber)
consists of 33 members, out of which 25 members (t hree fourth) are elected through indirect secret
ballot on the joint meetings of people's deputies of Oblasts, cities and districts of the country, and therest 8 members (one fourth) are appointed by the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.  A person
not younger than 35 years with higher education can be elected and appointed as a deputy of the
Majlisi Milli.
Each former President of the Republic of Tajikistan is a member of the Majlisi Milli for life if
he does not abstain from using this right.
The Majlisi Namoyandagon (Lower Chamber) is acting on a permanent and professional basis
and consists of 63 deputies.  A deputy of the Majlisi Namoyandagon can be elected a person notyounger than 25 years based on universal, equal and direct suffrage trough secret ballot.
The Majlisi Namoyandagon has the following authority:
− to approve social-economic programmes by proposal of the Government of the Republic
of Tajikistan;
− to ratify and denounce international agreement;
− to set a referendum;
− to establish courts; and
− to approve the state symbols and awards, etc..WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 40
Members of the Majlisi Milli and deputies of the Majlisi Namoyandagon have the right to
immunity, they cannot be arrested, detained, be subject to forcible arrest and search except for
detention on the crime scene.  A member of the Majlisi Milli and deputies of the Majlisi
Namoyandagon cannot be subject to personal search except for the cases foreseen by the law to
provide security of other people.  The issue of deprivation of the immunity of a member of the MajlisiMilli and deputies of the Majlisi Namoyandagon is decided only after proposal of the General
prosecutor to the corresponding Majlises.
Legal status of a member of the Majlisi Milli and a deputy of the Majlisi Namoyandagon is
defined by the constitutional law No. 43 "On the legal status of the Majlisi Milli member and the
Majlisi Namoyandagon deputy of the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan" of August 6, 2001.
The legislative activity of the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan can be expressed in the
following: the right of the legislative initiative is given to members of the Majlisi Milli, deputies ofthe Majlisi Namoyandagon, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Government of Tajikistan,
the Majlis of people's deputies of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast; in some other issues—to
the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, and the High Economic Court.  First, all submitted bills
are examined in relevant Committees, Commissions, and later in the Majlisi Namoyandagon, where
they could be approved or rejected.  The laws passed by the Majlisi Namoyandagon and approved bythe Majlisi Milli are sent to the President of the Republic of Tajikistan for signing and publication in a
one week term after approval.
- Judicial powers
The judicial power in the Republic of Tajikistan is the core institute of authority providing the
legal order.  The judicial power in the country belongs only to courts.
For the first time the 1994 Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan secured the principle of
"division of power into legislative, executive and judicial" and thus the judicial power was recognized
as an independent branch of power on the constitutional level.  This fact means that Tajikistan by
declaring the formation of a sovereign, democratic, legal, and secular state pays a lot of attention to
strengthening of judicial power, protection of personal rights and liberties, interests of the state,organizations and institutions, legality and justice.
The judicial power is exercised by the system of courts, which according to the Constitution
of the Republic of Tajikistan includes the Consti tutional Court, the Supreme Court, High Economic
Court, Court of Military Justice, Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast, oblast, city of
Dushanbe, town and district courts and also th e Economic Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous
Oblast, oblast economic courts, economic court of Dushanbe city (Article 84 of the Constitution of the
Republic of Tajikistan).
The constitutional law defines the organization and the order of activity of courts.  All judges in the
Republic of Tajikistan have a single status and differ only by authority and jurisdiction.  Term of
office for judges is five years.  It is prohibited to create extraordinary courts.  Legal proceedings are
conducted on the state language or on the language of majority of population living in the area.
Persons, who do not speak the language, which is used for the proceedings, are provided withinterpreter.
The Constitutional Court is a body of judicial power the authority of which includes the
following:
− To determine conformity with the Constitution of legal acts of all structures of state
power and public bodies, as well as agreements of Tajikistan before entering into force;
− To settle disputes between state bodies related to their competence; andWT/ACC/TJK/3
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− To discharge other authorities, defined by the Constitution and laws.
Decisions of the Constitutional Court are final.The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body and carries out judicial review of the activity
of the subordinate courts on civil, criminal, administrative and other cases related to these courts.
The High Economic Court is the highest judicial body on economic disputes settlement and
other cases under consideration of economic courts.  The Court carries out judicial review of theactivity of the courts below.
In order to develop proposals on judicial reform, selection and nomination of candidates for
the judges' positions, dismissal of judges by the De cree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan
the collective body—the Justice Council of the Republic of Tajikistan was established.  With respect
to courts of the country except for the Constitutional Court, the High Economic Court, the Supreme
Court of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Justice Council considers and nominates to the President of
the Republic of Tajikistan candidates for appointment and dismissal, proposals on judicial system,number of judges and court employees, and approves instructions on office proceedings in courts.
There are officers of the court for judicial enforcement under courts except for the
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Tajikistan,
the court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast, oblasts courts, and the court of Dushanbe city.
There are also bailiffs at all courts of the Republic of Tajikistan, whose responsibilities includedelivery of notification and subpoenas to participants of court proceedings, witnesses, debtors and
others; control for the order at the court session, etc.
2. Government entities responsible for making and implementing policies affecting foreign
trade
The President of the Republic of Tajikistan determines the principal guidelines of the foreign
policy as well as foreign trade policy, which are implemented by the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan through ministries and agencies under the Government.
The Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Ministry of State
Revenues and Duties of the Republic of Tajikistan, the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan
and commercial banks of the country are responsible for elaboration and implementation of policyinfluencing foreign trade.
The leading role in the development and implementation of the single state economic policy
including foreign trade policy belongs to the Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
3. Division of authority between central and sub-central governments
In accordance with the system of territorial administration, the territory of the Republic of
Tajikistan is divided into oblasts, which in turn are divided into districts, cities, settlements and
villages.  There are three oblasts, and correspondingly three regional state administrations
(Khukumats):
− Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast, separate d from the central Government due to its
geographic situation.  It consists of seven districts.  The Oblast is constituent andinseparable part of the Republic of Tajikistan.  The legal status of the Oblast is defined by
the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan and the constitutional law of the RepublicWT/ACC/TJK/3
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of Tajikistan No. 108 "On the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast" of
4 November 1995.
− Sughd Oblast, located in the North and consists of thirteen districts with administrative
center in the city of Khujand;
− Khatlon Oblast, located in the South and consists of twenty one districts with
administrative center in the city of Qurghonteppa.
In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan (Article 76), local
administration consists of representative and executive bodies, which act within their own authority.
They provide enforcement of the Constitution, laws and acts of the Majlisi Oli and the President of
the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Majlis of people's deputies headed by the chairperson is an institution of local
representative power in oblasts, cities and districts.  The deputies of the local Majlis are elected for the
term of five years.
The Chairperson heads the representative and executive power of corresponding
administrative-territorial units.  At the same time he/she is a representative of the President of the
Republic of Tajikistan and is responsible before higher executive body and corresponding Majlis of
people's deputies.
The President of the country appoints and relieves chairpersons of the Gorno-Badakhshan
Autonomous Oblast, regions, city of Dushanbe, cities and districts presenting their candidacies forapproval by the corresponding Majlises of people's deputies.
Khukumat is an executive body of the Majlis of the people's deputies of the administrative-
territorial unit.  Responsibilities of the local administration include the following: elaboration and
implementation of development strategy, approval of the local budget, allocation rates to the local
budget, and taking measures on levelling of social-economic conditions in different territories, etc.The Jamoats are the representative bodies in settlements and villages.  These bodies are elected on
general meetings of local population for a certain term.  The meeting of representatives is a main form
of local self-governance.  In coordination with a corresponding Majlis of people's deputies or the
Chairperson of the city or district, the Chairperson of the Jamoat convenes the Jamoat in case of
necessity but not less than twice a year.
4. Any legislative programmes or plans to change the regulatory regime
Recently, the following documents were passed by the Majlisi Oli:
− Law on Advertisement; and
− Document on the poverty reduction strategy which anticipates economic reforms.
The following laws are currently under consideration of the Majlisi Oli:
− Law on protection of consumer rights (in new edition);
− Law on state registration of legal persons; and
− Law on leasing and a number of laws related to changes and amendments to the Taxation
Code of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The following laws are under development by the Government of the republic of Tajikistan:
− Law on economic forecast;
− Law on state-owned enterprises;
− Law on corporations (in new edition); andWT/ACC/TJK/3
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− Law on licensing.
5. Laws and Legal Acts
See Annex II for a list of laws and other le gal-regulatory acts regulating economic activity
and foreign trade in goods and services
6. Description of judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures
- Judicial procedures
The economic courts carry out the settlement of economic disputes evolved from civil,
administrative and other legal relationship.
Any person concerned has the right to seek protection of violated or disputed rights and legal
interests.  Foreign physical and legal persons have procedural rights and discharge their procedural
responsibilities equally with physical and legal persons of the Republic of Tajikistan.  In order to
protect violated or disputed rights the claim should be handed in to the economic court.  The
following documents should be attached to the claim:
− About payment of state duty in required order and amount;
− Sending copies of the claim and all attached documents;
− Observance of pre-court order of dispute settlement with defendant if it is foreseen by the
law of the Republic of Tajikistan for this category of disputes;
− Circumstances which are a basis for plaintiff's claim; and
− Power of attorney confirming authority for filing of a claim if the claim is signed by the
plaintiff's representative.
According to the rules of the Article 25 of Economic-procedural Code, a claim can be handed
in either according to the whereabouts of defendant or location of disputed property.  This Code sets a
jurisdiction of an economic court in cases with participation of foreign persons: economic courts
consider cases with participation of foreign persons if both the defendant and the complainant citizen
live in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.  Legal proceedings in economic courts are carried
out based on the principle of equality of parties, in the state language or in a language spoken by
majority of population.  The cases are considered in the economic courts both individually and
collectively depending on the case.  Thus economic disputes in the economic courts of first instanceare considered individually, except for cases on recognition of acts of local state bodies as invalid and
bankruptcy cases, which are considered collectively.  The period of consideration of cases in
economic courts should not exceed two months since the receipt of the claim.
In case of disagreement with a decision of an economic court of first instance, the person
concerned can appeal against the court's decision if it did not come into force.  The appeal can belodged within a month after a decision.  The a ppeal is considered in one month period since its
receipt.
Persons concerned have a right to lodge a cassation against the economic court decision of
first instance, which has come into force, and a resolution of the Appeal instance.  The High
Economic Court examines as a cassation instance legality of decisions made by first and appealinstances of economic courts.
Decisions and resolutions of all economic courts, which have entered into force, can be
reconsidered by the Plenum of the High Economic Court as a consequence of objection raised by the
Chairperson of the High Economic Court or the General Prosecutor against such decision and
resolution.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The current legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan is used in consideration of cases in
economic courts.  In some cases, economic courts can also use foreign legislation (Article 12 of
Economic-procedural Code).
- Arbitral procedures
Foreign investors have a right to settle disputes through a court of arbitration if there was a
written agreement reached between disputing parties about handing the dispute over to a court of
arbitration.  This agreement can be concluded via a separate reservation or as an agreement (Article 3
of the Regulation on court of arbitration for economic dispute settlement in the Republic of
Tajikistan).
The court of arbitration is created by the parties and consists of three judges.  At the same
time, each party appoints one judge, and then two appointed judges appoint the third judge.
For initiation of proceedings in the court of arbitration a plaintiff submits his/her claim in time
agreed by parties or determined by the court of arbitration and attaches the agreement of parties on
handing the dispute over to a court of arbitration and plaintiff's demand.
Proceedings in the court of arbitration are carried out in the language best understood by
parties.  Decisions of the court of arbitration are implemented voluntarily in the order and time set in
the decision.  In case of failure to observe the decisions of the court of arbitration by a defendant, theHigh Economic Court issues a receiving order that is mandatory for implementation and provision of
compulsory enforcement (Article 25 of the Regulation).
- Administrative procedures
Administrative procedures are regulated in accordance with principles of the Code of the
Republic of Tajikistan on administrative law violations of 5 December 1985 entered into force on1 July 1996
IV. POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN GOODS
1. Import Regulation
(a) Registration requirements for engaging in importing
In order to participate in import operations the legislation of Tajikistan anticipates registration
requirements.  Thus, Article 5 of the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On foreign economic activity
of the Republic of Tajikistan" quotes: "Subjects of foreign trade activity in the Republic of Tajikistan
regardless of the form of ownership can be legal and physical persons including international
organizations operating on the territory of the country or abroad after required registration in the
Republic of Tajikistan."
The Government of Tajikistan specifies the registration of the subjects of foreign economic
activity.  Currently the customs authorities require participants of foreign economic activity to have aCertificate of participant in foreign economic activity and a registration card which are issued for a
certain period of time by the Ministry of economy and trade in accordance with Decree No. 316 of
11 July 1994 of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan "On approval of the Regulation
on the registration order of the subjects of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Tajikistan."
Besides, in accordance with the Article 31 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Tajikistan the
participants of foreign economic activity must have Identification Taxpayer Numbers (ITN) with theWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 45
aim of tax collection. The order of granting of the ITN is set up by the Ministry of State Revenues and
Taxes of the Republic of Tajikistan.
(b) Characteristics of national tariff
The customs tariff of the Republic of Tajikistan is based on the law of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On the customs tariff."  This law specifies the forming and application of the customstariff of the Republic of Tajikistan—the instrument of the trade policy and state regulation of the
domestic commodities market of the Republic of Tajikistan during its interconnection with the world
market and also rules of imposing duties on goods when crossing the customs border of the Republic
of Tajikistan.
Principal goals of the customs tariff:
− Rationalization of the commodities structure of import;
− Maintaining a rational ratio of export and import of commodities and foreign
exchange revenues and expenditures on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Creation of conditions for progressive changes in the structure of production and
consumption of commodities in the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Protection of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan from exaggerated influence
of foreign competition; and
− Providing conditions for the effective integration of the Republic of Tajikistan into
the world economy.
The customs tariff of the Republic of Tajikistan is a code of rates of customs duties (customs
tariff), applied to commodities moving across the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan and
systematised in accordance with the commodity classification of the foreign economic activity
(CCFEA CIS).
CCFEA CIS is applied in the Republic of Tajikistan and is based on internationally accepted
principles for the commodity classification.  CCFEA CIS complies with and is based on the WTO
harmonized system of description and coding  of commodities (International Convention on
harmonized system of description and coding of  commodities/Brussels, 14 June 1983, and also the
Protocol on amendment to the International Conv ention on harmonized system of description and
coding of commodities/Brussels, 24 June 1986).  It will also take into account  HS 2002.
The customs tariff is applied to commodity import and export.  Currently the customs tariff is
only applied to the commodity import to the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.  No
customs duty is imposed on commodity export.
- Customs duty rates and the order of duty-setting
Customs duty rates are unified and not subject to changes depending on persons moving
goods across the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan, types of deals and other factors except
for cases specified by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Government of Tajikistan determines the rates of import customs duties.  Maximum rates
of import customs duties applied to commodities or iginating from the countries to which, in trade
relations, Tajikistan uses the regime of most favoured nation (MFN), are determined by the Majlisi
Oli (Parliament) of the Republic of Tajikistan.
As for the commodities originating from countries with which trade and political relations do
not anticipate the MFN regime, or commodities the country of origin of which is not identified, theWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 46
rates of import customs duties are twice as high except for cases of granting by the Republic of
Tajikistan of tariff benefits (preferences).
The rates of export customs duties and the listing of goods to which these rates apply and also
non-tariff measures in foreign economic regulation are set up by the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan.  At the same time, these rates and measures are exceptional measures of active regulationof foreign economic activity on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, and they are not actually
applied.
- Types of duty rates
In the Republic of Tajikistan the following types of duty rates are used:
− Ad valorem - imposed in per cent of the customs value of commodities;
− Specific - imposed in fixed amount per commodity unit; and
− Combined - combines both duties mentioned above.
- Seasonal duties
The seasonal and special duties intended for effective regulation of import and export are used
in cases determined by legal-regulatory acts of the Republic of Tajikistan.  At the same time, in cases
of application of seasonal duties the rates of customs duties envisaged by current customs tariff are
not used.  Term of validity of the seasonal duties cannot exceed six months a year.  Currently, in the
foreign trade of the Republic of Tajikistan seasonal duties are not used.
- Special types of duties
In order to protect economic interests of the Republic of Tajikistan temporarily special types
of duties may be imposed on imported goods:
− Special duties;
− Antidumping duties;
− Countervailing duties.
- Special customs duties (safeguard duties)
Special customs duties are applied in the following cases:
− As a protective measure, if commodities are imported in quantities and on the conditions
which cause or threaten damage to domestic producers of similar or directly competing
commodities;
− As a reciprocal measure to discrimination or other actions infringing upon interests of the
Republic of Tajikistan by other countries or their unions.
- Antidumping duties
Antidumping duties are applied in the following cases:
− Import of commodities at prices lower than their normal cost in the exporting country at
the moment of import; and
− If this import causes or threatens damage to domestic producers of similar commodities or
hampers the organization or expansion of production of similar commodities in the
Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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- Countervailing duties
These duties are applied in the following cases:
− Import of commodities during production or export of which direct or indirect subsidies
were granted and if this import causes or threatens damage to domestic producers ofsimilar commodities or hampers the organization or expansion of production of similar
commodities in the Republic of Tajikistan.
- Tariff benefits (preferences)
Tariff benefits (preferences) on commodities are established by the Law of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On customs tariff" and cannot have individual character.  They are granted exclusively by
the decision of the Government of Tajikistan.  In this case, the tariff benefit (preference) is a benefit
on commodity moving across the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan in the form of return of
previously paid duty, exemption from duty, lowering of the duty rate, establishing tariff quotas on
preferential commodities import-export.
- Granting of tariff preferences
In trade-political relations of the Republic of Tajikistan with foreign countries the preferences
in the customs tariff are granted in the form of exemption from duty, lowering of the duty rates or
establishment of tariff quotas on commodities when imported or exported:
− originating in the states which form a free trade zone or a customs union, or have signed
agreements on creation of such zone or union with the Republic of Tajikistan.  Currently
the Republic of Tajikistan is a member of the Customs Union reorganized into the Euro
Asian economic community (EurAsEC);
− originating in developing countries using the national system of preferences of the
Republic of Tajikistan which is periodically revised but at least once in five years by theGovernment of Tajikistan.  According to the current customs tariff of the Republic of
Tajikistan approved by the decree No. 187 of 30 April 2002 of the Government ofTajikistan "On customs tariff of the Republic of Tajikistan," the tariff preference (zero
rate) is granted to the least developed countries.
The Current customs tariff of the Republic of Tajikistan was set by the Decree of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 187 "On the Customs tariff of the Republic of
Tajikistan" of 30 April 2002 and has the unified rate of five per cent (except for goods mentionedbelow) and is not classified in accordance with CCFEA CIS, i.e. does not have commodity groups,
sub-groups, commodity positions and sub positions.
No. ItemsCustoms duty
rate
1 Aluminum Oxide other than artificial corundum 2
2E n e r g y  p o w e r 0
3 Cyanides, Oxycyanides, complex cyanides 0
4 Bickford's fuses, cords, demilition cords, capsules, blasting caps, igniter, electric
detonators0
5 Activated carbon 0
6 Crunching balls and similar items for mills 0
7 Parts of boring machines or borers, sub-positions 843041 or 843049 0
8 Parts of foundry iron or cast steel 0WT/ACC/TJK/3
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9 Machinery and special mechanical equipment for mixing, ragging, grinding,
screening, bolting, homogenisation, emulsification or stirring0
10 Spare parts and components for TV set production180
It is necessary to mention, that the unification of the import tariff is a temporary measure with
the purpose of simplification of the customs valuation of goods mechanism and collection of import
duties.
(c) Tariff quotas, tariff exemptions
As it was mentioned above, the tariff legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan anticipates
instruments like tariff exemptions and tariff quotas.  However, these instruments were never used in
the practice in the customs activity and regulation of foreign trade.
(d) Other duties and charges
The Customs bodies also collect customs charges for rendering customs services, which are
fixed at the amount of 0.15 per cent of customs value of the commodity in accordance with the Article
114 of the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Other dues for customs services are collected in accordance with the Article 110 of the
Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan:
− charges for issuing licence and its renewal by the customs bodies;
− charges for issuing the certificate of competen ce of the specialist on customs legalization
and its renewal;
− customs charges for storing of goods;
− customs charges for customs convoy of goods;
− payment for informing and consulting;
− payment for preliminary decision-making; and
− payment for participation in customs auctions.
The following rates of charges foreseen by the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan
are fixed:
For the issue of a licence to establish a customs warehouse:
− in the amount equal to 1,000 times of the size of minimal monthly salary19 set up by
the law in the case of total area of the warehouse of 1,000 m² inclusive;
− in the amount equal to 1,500 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the
law in the case of total area of the warehouse from 1,000 m² up to 2,000 m² inclusive;
− in the amount equal to 2,000 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the
law in the case of total area of the warehouse of more than 2,000 m²; and
                                                     
18 Comment: List of spare parts and components for TV set production is determined by the Ministry of
Industry of the republic of Tajikistan in coordination with the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan
and the Ministry of State Revenues and Duties of the Republic of Tajikistan.
19 Minimal monthly salary – According to the Decree No. 717 of the President of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On increasing the minimal monthly salary, current official salaries of employees of budgetorganizations and institutions and on measures on strengthening social protection of the most vulnerable groups
of population" of 26 November 2001 the minimal monthly salary was set up at 4 Somoni (approximately
US$1.40) in all economy branches effective 1 January 2002.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− for the issue of a licence to establish a duty free shop - in the amount equal to 5,000
times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law.
For the issue of a licence to establish a free warehouse:
− in the amount equal to 2,000 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the
law in the case of total area of the warehouse of up to 1,000 m² inclusive;
− in the amount equal to 3,000 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the
law in the case of total area of the warehouse of more than 1,000 m²;
− for inclusion of a bank or other credit institution in the register foreseen by the Article
122 of the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan - in the amount equal to 500
times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law;
− for the issue of a licence to establish a temporary storage warehouse - in the amount
equal to 800 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law;
− for the issue of a licence to work as a customs broker - in the amount equal to 500
times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law;
− for the renewal of the licence to work as a customs broker - in the amount equal to
1,000 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law;
− for the issue of the certificate of competence of the customs clearance specialist - in
the amount equal to 20 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law;
− for the renewal of the certificate of competence of the customs clearance specialist -
in the amount equal to 40 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by thelaw;
− for the issue of a licence to work as a customs carrier - in the amount equal to 500
times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law; and
− for the renewal of a licence to work as a customs carrier - in the amount equal to
1,000 times of the size of minimal monthly salary set up by the law;
The rates of charges are determined based on the granting the related right for the term of
three years.
Size of rates, charges and other payments envisaged by the Customs Code of the Republic of
Tajikistan are fixed by the Decree No. 199 of 4 November 1995 of the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of
Tajikistan and joint orders of the Customs Committee and the Ministry of finance of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
(e) Quantitative import restrictions
Legal support and mechanisms of use of quantitative import restrictions including bans are
provided by the current legal-regulatory acts of the Republic of Tajikistan.  However, it is necessary
to note that currently there are no quantitative restrictions and bans for import of goods, except as
indicated below.
The customs legislation and other laws and sub-legislative acts of the country anticipate the
use of the quota and licensing system.  Thus, in accordance with the Decree No. 62 of4 February 2000 of the Government of Tajikistan "On quotas on import of ethyl alcohol and alcohol
production in 2002" in 2002 quotas were imposed on ethyl alcohol and alcohol drinks.  The
mechanism of fixing quotas and the order of licensing of the import of mentioned goods are regulated
by the Decree No. 48 of 19 February 1999 of the Government of Tajikistan "On combined measures
on strengthening of the state regulation of production and circulation of the ethyl alcohol and alcoholdrinks," and also by the Decree No. 131 of 7 April 1999 of the Government of Tajikistan "On
approval of the regulation related to the state regulation of production and circulation of ethyl alcohol
and alcohol drinks.  The Decree No. 453 of 27 Oc tober 1999 of the Government of Tajikistan "OnWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 50
combined measures of the state regulation of import, export and wholesale of tobacco goods"
(attached) approved the order of issuing licenses and setting up quotas on tobacco goods.
(f) Import licensing procedures
Procedures of the import licensing are determined for the relevant categories of goods—
alcohol and tobacco goods in accordance with the Decree No. 48 of 19 February 1999 of theGovernment of Tajikistan "On combined measures on strengthening of the state regulation of
production and circulation of the ethyl alcohol and alcohol drinks," the Decree No. 131 of
7 April 1999 of the Government of Tajikistan "On approval of the regulation related to the state
regulation of production and circulation of ethyl alcohol and alcohol drinks" and the Decree No. 453
of 27 October 1999 of the Government of Tajikistan "On combined measures of the state regulation of
import, export and wholesale of tobacco goods" (attached).  The concrete mechanism and procedure
issues related to import licensing are described in Annex 3 of the Memorandum.
In accordance with the Decree No. 465 of the Government of Tajikistan of 9 November 2000
"On approval of the regulation on the order of issuing licence in the area of legal traffic of drugs,
psychotropic substances and precursors" it is required to have a licence for export, import or transit of
the mentioned goods through the customs territory of Tajikistan.  This regulation approved creation of
the Licensing commission.  The chairperson of this commission is a Director of the Agency on drug
control under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan and co-chairpersons are the Minister of
Health and the Minister of Interior.  Members of this commission are the representatives of the
Agency on drug control and the Ministry of Health  and the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
(g) Other border measures
According to the requirements of current legal- regulatory acts it is necessary to have the
following documents for export-import operations in respect of products indicated:
− Certificate of the participant in foreign economic activity issued by the Ministry of
economy and trade;
− Certificate of commodity origin issued by the Chamber of commerce of the Republic of
Tajikistan;
− Certificate of quality, issued by Tajikgostandart;
− Quarantine certificate on agricultural products issued by Goskarantin (State Quarantine)
of the Ministry of Agriculture;
− Veterinary certificate issued by the Department of State Veterinary Inspectorate of the
Ministry of Agriculture;
− Banking confirmation about full advance payment on the list of goods according to the
Decree No. 424 of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan of 24 February 1996;
− Passport of the bank on guarantee of implem entation of settlement of accounts during 120
days according to the Decree No. 1249 of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan of13 July 1999;
− Confirmation of the taxation bodies on collection of the sales tax on export of cotton and
aluminum;
− Insurance policy on goods for export by state enterprises issued by the State Investment
Insurance Company "Tajiksarmoyaguzor" according to Decree No. 547 of31 December 1998 of the Government of Tajikistan;
− Authorization of the Ministry of industry of the Republic of Tajikistan for export-import
of precious and semiprecious metals, alloys, goods from them, ores, concentrates, scrap-iron and waste of precious metals, rare and rare-earth metals, raw material for producingWT/ACC/TJK/3
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alloys, compounds, and goods according to the Decree No. 88 of 12 February 1997 of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Authorization of the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan for export-import
of precious and semi-precious stones accordin g to the Decree No. 357 of 7 August 1997;
− Quotas and licenses issued by Corporation "Khurokvori" (Food stuff) for export and
import of alcohol production (spirit) and tobacco goods according to the Decrees No. 48
of 19 February 1999 and No. 453 of 27 October 1999 of the Government of the Republicof Tajikistan.
Note: re-export of the above-mentioned goods may be carried out only with authorization of the Government of
the Republic of Tajikistan
− Authorization of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan for moving
medicines across the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan according to the
Decree No. 258 of 10 June 1996 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Authorization of the Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan for
import of toxic agents, chemical agents for plant protection, mineral, non-organic andorganic fertilizers according to the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On nature
protection";
− Authorization of the Ministry of Agriculture for import of agricultural, decorative
herbaceous crops (including their seeds) and silkworms according to the Decree No. 62 of
20 February 1998 of the Government of Tajikistan;
− Authorization of the Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Tajikistan for import
of radio-electronic facilities and high-frequency devices according to the Decree No. 371of 1 August 1994 of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Decision of the Tajik Universal commodity exchange in accordance with the Decree
No. 237 of 8 June 2001 "On measures on improvement of promotion of domesticallyproduced goods on the foreign market" on the list of goods, raw material and production
produced by domestic producers and subject to mandatory sale through the commodityexchange, established by Decree No. 237.
List of raw material and goods produced by the domestic commodity producers and subject to
mandatory sale through the Tajik universal commodity exchange
Goods nomenclatureCode according to the CIS
goods nomenclature of the
foreign economic activity
Materials of phytogenous origin (lint) 1404
Tobacco and industrial tobacco substitutes 24
Ores and ashes 26
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine 2801
Rare-earth metals 2805
Sodium Hydrate, etc. 2815
Pharmaceutical production 30
Explosives 3602, 3603
Raw hides and skins 4101
4102
4103
Silk 50
Fleece, fine and coarse wool 51
Cotton 52
Natural and cultivated pearls, precious and semiprecious stones, precious
metals, clad metals and different goods from them71
Ferrous metals and goods from them 72-73WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Goods nomenclatureCode according to the CIS
goods nomenclature of the
foreign economic activity
Copper waste 7404
Nickel waste 7503
Aluminum goods 76
Lead waste 7802
Isolated wires, cables and other isolated  electric wires with connecting parts or
without them8544
It is necessary to have a Decision of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in
accordance with the Decree No. 111 of 19 February 1997 "On measures on improvement of the
foreign economic activity in the Republic of Tajikistan" on export of the following goods:
− Uranium and other radioactive substances, goods from them, technologies, appliances,
equipment and plants and sources of radiation including radioactive waste;
− Gunpowder, explosives and their waste;
− Drugs and psychotropic and toxic substances;
− Arms and military equipment, spare parts for their production, works and services in the
area of the military-technical cooperation;
− Regulatory-technical documentation for military production (engineering and
operational);
− Service and civil weapons;
− Military uniforms, garments and other related things;
− Means of protection from poisonous substances, parts and accessories used in battles;
− Cryptographic devices (including cryptographic equipment, spare parts, cryptographic
software), regulatory-technical documentation for cryptographic devices;
− Mineralogy and paleontology collection material;
− Works of art, collectables and antiques, which have significant artistic, historical,
scientific and cultural value;
− Information about deposits of mineral resources and oilfields and their location on the
territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (including charts, maps, drawings); and
− Wild animals and birds included in the Red Book.
It is necessary to have a Decision of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in
accordance with the Decree No. 111 of 19 February 1997 "On measures on improvement of theforeign economic activity in the Republic of Tajikistan" on import of the following goods:
− Uranium and other radioactive substances, goods from them, technologies, appliances,
equipment and plants and sources of the radiation including radioactive waste;
− Gunpowder, explosives and their waste;
− Drugs and psychotropics and toxic substances;
− Arms and military equipment, spare parts for their production, works and services in the
area of the military-technical cooperation;
− Regulatory-technical documentation for military production (engineering and
operational);
− Service and civil weapons;
− Military uniforms, garments and other related things;
− Means of protection from poisonous substances, parts and accessories used in battles; and
− Cryptographic devices (including cryptographic equipment, spare parts, cryptographic
software), regulatory-technical documentation for cryptographic devices.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(h) Customs valuation
The system of the customs valuation of goods in the Republic of Tajikistan is based on
general principles of customs valuation of goods, which are used in international trade practice.
In accordance with Articles 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 of the Law of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On customs tariff" 6 methods of customs valuation are used.  The main method of customsvaluation of goods established by the above-mentioned law is customs valuation of goods on the
invoice price of a transaction with imported goods, as recommended by the WTO.  The following
methods of customs valuation of goods in the Republic of Tajikistan are established by the Law of the
Republic of Tajikistan "On customs tariff" and are used in trade practice:
- Method of the price of a transaction with imported goods
The customs value of imported goods is the price of a transaction paid in fact or subject to
payment as of the moment of crossing the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan (to port orother place of entry).
- Method of the price of a transaction with identical goods
When using the valuation method of the price of a transaction with identical goods, the price
of a transaction with identical goods is used as a basis for determining the customs value of goods;
identical goods are goods, which are identical in all respects with goods being valued.
- Method of the price of a transaction with similar goods
When using of the valuation method of the price of a transaction with similar goods, the price
of a transaction with similar imported goods is used as a basis for determining the customs value of
goods; similar goods are goods which are not identical in all respects but have similar characteristics
and consist of similar components which allows them to fulfill the same functions as the goods beingvalued and be commercially interchangeable.
- Method based on cost subtraction
The customs value is determined through the method based on cost subtraction only when the
goods are sold in the territory of the Republic of  Tajikistan without change of its original condition.
- Method based on cost adding
When using the valuation method based on cost adding, the value of the commodity
calculated through adding is used as a basis to determine the customs value of the commodity.
- Reserve method
In cases when the customs value of the commodity cannot be determined by the declarant as a
result of the consecutive use of the methods of determining customs value mentioned above or when
the customs, based on arguments, considers that these methods cannot be used, the customs value of
goods being valued is determined taking into account the world practice.
(i) Other customs formalities
The customs legislation anticipates that a participant in foreign economic activity when
moving goods and transportation equipment through the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan
should produce to the customs the declaration of control and correction of the customs value.  ThisWT/ACC/TJK/3
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procedure is being carried out through the customs brokers, who are intermediaries in export-import
operations between customs and the participant.
The foreign exchange control of export-import operations is also exercised in customs.  These
procedures are based on requirements of the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On the foreign
exchange regulation and foreign exchange control."  Participants in the foreign economic activity in
export-import operations open for a fixed time passports of a transaction for foreign exchange control
in the authorized banks in accordance with contracts and produce them to the customs during customs
legalization.
(j) Pre-shipment inspection
The mechanism of pre-shipment inspection is not developed yet and is not used.  However,
some measures on introduction of the mechanism of pre-shipment inspection in foreign trade are
being taken.
(k) Application of internal taxes on imports
During import of goods and transportation means to the customs territory of the Republic of
Tajikistan customs imposes the following customs pa yments: the customs duty, VAT, and excise tax
and customs charges.
Internal taxes on imports are subject to taxation in accordance with the Tax Code of the
Republic of Tajikistan No. 664 of 12 November 1998.  VAT rate is equal to 20 per cent of the taxed
value of taxed imports.  The value of the taxed imports is the customs value of goods determined in
accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Customs tariff" plus the sum of duties and
taxes subject to payment at import of goods to the Republic of Tajikistan but without taking into
account VAT.
Tax preferences on imports are given in compliance with Article 187 of the Tax Code.
Particularly, import of goods to the Republic of Tajikistan from countries which apply the VAT
regime to exports of goods (works, services) to the Republic of Tajikistan
With regard to imported goods the Republic of Tajikistan uses the same taxation regime as
with regard to domestic commodities, except for pro ducts listed in Annex 9 where the excise rate for
import is higher than the rate applied to similar domestic goods.  After crossing the customs border of
the Republic of Tajikistan by goods and payment of all customs charges the national regime is used
with regard to them.  Domestic taxes and duties on imported goods are the same as for domestic
goods.  Laws and regulations regulating their sale, purchase, distribution, usage and storage are the
same.
(l) Rules of origin
- The goal of determining the country of origin of the commodity
The country of origin of a commodity is determ ined in order to implement the tariff and non-
tariff measures for regulating import and export of the commodity.  Principles of specifying the
country of origin of a commodity in the Republic of Tajikistan are based on the existing international
practice.
- Country of origin of the commodity
The country of origin of a commodity is the country where this commodity was completely
produced or processed in accordance with standard criteria.  At the same time, the country of origin ofWT/ACC/TJK/3
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the commodity could be a group of countries, a customs union of countries, a region or a part of a
country if it is necessary to identify them in order to determine the origin of the commodity.
- Commodity completely produced in a certain country
Commodities completely produced in a certain country are:
− Minerals extracted on its territory or in its territorial waters, or on its continental shelf and
in the sea if the country has exclusive rights on their exploitation;
− Phytogenous production grown up or collected in its territory;
− Animals born and raised in it;
− Production from home-grown animals;
− Production of hunting and fishing in the country;
− Production of fishing produced in the Oceans by ships which belong to or are leased
(chartered) by the country;
− Recycled materials which are results of production or any other operations in the country;
− Hi-tech goods produced in open space on spaceships which belong to or are leased by the
country;
− Goods produced in the country exclusively from production mentioned above; and
− Criteria of sufficient processing of commodity.
If in the production of a commodity participate 2 or more countries, the commodity origin is
determined in accordance with the criteria of sufficient processing.  These criteria are:
− Change of the commodity position (classification code) in commodity listing at the level
of any of the first 4 symbols resulting from the processing of the commodity;
− Carrying-out of industrial or technological operations sufficient to consider the
commodity originating in the country where these operations took place; and
− The rule of ad valorem share—the change of the value of the commodity when the
percentage of the cost of used materials or value added reaches a fixed share of the price
of the commodity.
At the same time, the following things do not meet criteria of sufficient processing:
− Operations for providing safety of goods during their storage or transportation;
− Operations for preparation of goods for sale and transportation (splitting up of a
consignment of goods, preparing them for shipment, sorting, repacking);
− Simple assembly operations; and
− Mixing of goods (components) without giving them characteristics significantly different
from initial components.
(m) Anti-dumping regime
In compliance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Customs Tariff", Article 9,
antidumping duties are applied in the following cases:
− When bringing goods into the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan at a price
lower than their normal price in the country of export at the moment of export;
− If such export inflicts or threatens to inflict losses on domestic producers of similar goods,
or hinders to start or expand production of similar goods in the Republic of Tajikistan.
The antidumping regime in the Republic of Tajikistan complies with the basic norms and
standards of the GATT.  However, it should be noted that the antidumping regime in customsWT/ACC/TJK/3
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activities has not yet been applied and will not be applied until further detailed procedural provisions
have been adopted.
(n) Countervailing duty regime
In conformity with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Customs Tariff", Article 10,
countervailing duties are applied if production or export of goods, which are brought into the customsterritory of the Republic of Tajikistan, have directly or indirectly been subsidized, and if such export
inflicts or threatens to inflict losses on domestic producers of similar goods, or hinders to start or
expand production of similar goods in the Republic of Tajikistan.
The countervailing duty regime in the Republic of Tajikistan complies with norms and
standards of GATT.  However, it should be noted, that the countervailing regime in customs activities
has never been applied.
(o) Safeguard regime
The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Customs Tariff", Article 8 specifies the use of
protective measures, such as special duties.  They are applied in the following ways:
− As a protective measure if goods are brought into the customs territory of the Republic of
Tajikistan in such quantity and under conditions inflicting or threatening to inflict lossesfor domestic producers of similar or directly competing goods; and
− As a reciprocal measure to discriminatory or other actions hindering interests of the
Republic of Tajikistan by other states or their unions.
The protective measures regime in the Republic of Tajikistan complies with norms and
standards of GATT.
2. Export Regulation
(a) Registration requirements for engaging in exporting
The Memorandum, Section "Import Regulation", Item (a) specifies registration requirements
when importing goods.  There are similar measures when exporting goods.
(b) Customs tariff nomenclature, types of duties, duty rates, weighted averages of rates
In accordance with current legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, the customs tariff is not
applied when implementing export operations.  The export customs tariff in the Republic of Tajikistan
is not applied.  The import duties, which are applied in the Republic, are stated in the Memorandum,Section "Import Regulation", Item b).
(c) Quantitative export restrictions
The customs legislation envisages introduction of quantitative export restrictions.  Currently,
there are no quantitative restrictions imposed by the Government for export of goods.  No other
prohibitions are imposed.
The quotas and licenses system is analogous to Section "Import Regulation", Item e), of the
Memorandum.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(d) Export licensing procedures
Procedures to issue export licenses for al cohol and alcohol products are approved by
Resolution of the Government "On Approval of Provisions Related to Government Regulation of
Output and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol a nd Alcohol Products", No. 131 dated 7 April 1999.
Provision on Procedure Determining Quotas for Export, Import, and Purchase of Ethyl
Alcohol and Alcohol Products.
Provision on Procedure to Process and Issue Licenses for Output and Turnover of Ethyl
Alcohol and Alcohol Products.
Provision on Procedure and Conditions to Enter the Unified Register of Entities Engaged in
Output and Turnover of Ethyl Al cohol and Alcohol Products, and Private Entrepreneurs Engaged in
Retail Sales of the Mentioned Products.
Regulation on Procedure to Declare Output Vo lume and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol and
Alcohol Products.
Fee Rates for Considering Applications and I ssuing Licenses Related to Output and Turnover
of Ethyl Alcohol and Alcohol Products.
Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Comprehensive Measures of
Public Regulation Related to Import, Export, and Wholesales of Tobacco Products", No. 453, of27 October 1999 regulates the procedures for issuing licenses for export of tobacco products.
(e) Other measures
Although, the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan envisages use of such measures, such
measures have not been applied.
The list of goods, raw material and production subject to sales on auctions of the Tajik
Universal Commodity Exchange was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On measures on improvement of promotion of domestically produced goods on the
foreign market", No. 237 dated 8 June 2001 (See item (g), Import regulation).
(f) Export financing, subsidy and promotion policies
Currently, in the Republic of Tajikistan export financing, subsidy and promotion policies are
not carried out.
(g) Export performance requirements
The legislation does not specify any specific requirements to provide export incentives for
selected goods.
(h) Import duty drawback schemes
The issues of the processing of goods on the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan
are regulated by Articles 58-64 of the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan.
In accordance with Article 58 of the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, the
processing of goods on the customs territory is the customs regime under which the foreign goods
shall be used according to established procedure for the processing on the customs territory of theWT/ACC/TJK/3
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Republic of Tajikistan without application of the economic policy measures and with reimbursement
of import customs duties and taxes under condition of import in accordance with the export customs
regime of processed products outside the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.
In accordance with Article 63 of the Customs Code, reimbursement of import duties and taxes
at export of the processed goods according to the export customs regime shall be carried out by thecustoms bodies of the Republic of Tajikistan under condition of observance of the Customs Code
provisions and if processed products shall be exported not later than two years after the goods transfer
across the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan.
In accordance with Article 64 of the Customs Code, foreign goods and products of their
processing shall be exempted from export customs duties and taxes.  Economic policy measures shall
not be applied to the above-mentioned goods and products.
The Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, Article 125 envisages rebates of excessively
paid or levied customs duties.  According to this  Article, overpayments of customs duties should be
returned to the payer during one year since the moment of payment upon his request.  On return of
customs duties interest is not paid.
The order of refund of excessively paid or collected customs payments is determined by the
Ministry of State Revenues and Duties of the Republic of Tajikistan agreed with the Ministry ofFinance of the Republic of Tajikistan.
3. Internal policies affecting foreign trade in goods
(a) Industrial policy, including subsidy policies
Currently, the policy of transition to the ma rket economy with privatization of the state-
owned enterprises is being carried out in Tajikistan.  At the same time, the policy of foreigninvestment attraction in all branches of industry in order to apply advanced technologies and develop
new products is being carried out in the country.  Th e industrial policy is not aimed at protection of a
certain branch or a certain economic entity.  However, the Government provides some support to
development of separate branches.  Among these support measures are the following:
− budget allocations for exploration work for enterprises of mining and chemical branches;
− separate benefits on taxation of goods for children;
− granting of preferential purpose loans, including micro-credits.
According to the current budget legislation, the state budget of the Republic of Tajikistan
does not directly subsidize export.  However, several measures of indirect subsidizing of production
and sales of certain goods forming the basis of export potential of the country are applied in practice.
In compliance with Article 7 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On state budget of the
Republic of Tajikistan for 2003", sales tax for primary aluminum was fixed at two per cent and for
cotton - at ten per cent.  At the same time, effective 1 January 2003, delivery of cotton and primaryaluminum are exempted from VAT.
In the adopted state budget for 2003 in energy sector there are funds for support of vulnerable
groups of population due to rise in prices and tariffs for energy resources in the amount of 12 million
Somoni (US$4 million), support of coal indu stry in the amount of 150,000 Somoni (US$50,000),
exploration work – 267,500 Somoni (US$89,000).  To tal in energy sector the budget allotment for
2003 is equal to 12.5 million Somoni (US$4,139 million) without taking into account centralized
capital investment into this sector.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The state budget allocated funds for exploration work by mining enterprises as well as
enterprises using local raw material such as those dealing with extraction of complex ores, gems,
precious metals and stones, construction and finishing materials, different mineral raw material for
chemical and other branches of industry.  For exploration work it was allotted 488,500 Somoni in the
2002 budget and planned to obtain financing in the amount of 581,200 Somoni in 2003.
Currently the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan is considering the possibility of
exemption of production of children's range of goods from VAT as well as subsidizing this branch in
the sum of 400,000-950,000 Somoni annually.
In accordance with the program of rehabilitation of production facilities of the Tajik
Aluminum plant, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted a number of decrees related
to financial rehabilitation of the plant's economy:
− No. 222 of 10 May 2000 "On approval of the list  of basic types of raw material, materials,
energy resources and equipment, imported by the Tajik Aluminum plant for production of
primary aluminum exempted from VAT".  Total exempted from VAT is US$51,345.5,
according to 2002 list;
− No. 447-17-C of 4 October 2001 "On tariffs fo r electrical energy for the Tajik Aluminum
plant".  Total difference between fixed tariff fo r all industrial enterprises and the tariff for
the Tajik Aluminum plant in 2002 was equal to US$14,719.7;
− No. 187 of 30 April 2002 "On Customs tariff of the Republic of Tajikistan". The import
customs duty rate for Aluminum Oxide othe r than artificial corundum was fixed at
two per cent.  Total difference between fixed import customs duty rate of five per cent for
all goods and the duty rate for Aluminum Oxide other than artificial corundum was equal
to US$5,349.9.
(b) Technical regulations and standards
Standards and requirements of certification in the Republic of Tajikistan are not aimed at
creation of technical barriers to trade.
The mentioned certification standards and requirements are aimed at: i) provision of safety
and/or quality of goods, work and services; ii) protection of the environment, health, life and property,
and labour conditions of citizens; iii) ensuring unity of quantitative measurements, technical
compatibility,  and interchangeability of products; iv) preservation of all kinds of resources.
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Government Regulation of
Foreign Economic Activity", Article 12, all goods brought into the Republic of Tajikistan should
comply with technical, pharmacological, sanitary, veterinary, phytosanitary and ecological standards
and requirements established in the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Agency on Standardization, Metrology, Certification and Trade Inspection of the
Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan (Tajikgosstandart) is responsible for
development, management, and implementation of Tajikistan's policy according to technical rules,
certification standards, and requirements.
Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan "On protection of consumer
market of the Republic of Tajikistan from Poor Quality goods", No. 97 of 16 March 1999 approved
the certification procedure for food and other goods brought into and out of the Republic of
Tajikistan.  Based on this Resolution and following the instruction of Government, Tajikgosstandartdeveloped, harmonized with CIS countries, and agreed  with relevant ministries and agencies the
"Nomenclature of Products, and Services (Works) Subject to Compulsory Certification in theWT/ACC/TJK/3
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Republic of Tajikistan", No. 265 of 30 August 1999.  The Nomenclature went since into effect on
1 September 1999.
Tajikgosstandart is responsible for accreditation of certification and testing bodies.
 In compliance with the "Agreement on Unified Standardization, Metrology and Certification
Policy" signed by all CIS countries, Tajikgosstandart admits a certificate issued by the CIS accreditedbody. Thus, the Republic of Tajikistan admits certificates issued by public accredited certification
bodies from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Geor gia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian
Federation, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Tajikgosstandart may accredit foreign companies as certification bodies and test laboratories.
Accreditation requirements and procedures are similar both for domestic and foreign certification
boards.
Annex 5 of this Memorandum gives a detailed description of the legislation and procedures
related to technical regulations, standards and certification requirements.
(c) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Government Regulation of
Foreign Trade Activity", Article 12, goods brought in the Republic of Tajikistan must comply with
technical, pharmacological, sanitary, veterinary, phytosanitary and ecological standards andrequirements established in the Republic of Tajikistan.
The goal of the policy of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan with respect to
development and support of sanitary norms is to provide safety of human health and life, animals and
plants, but not the establishment of technical barriers for foreign products or protection of domestic
producers.
Based on the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On State Sanitary Inspection" of
20 July 1994, the Ministry of Health performs hygienic certification and expertise of a number of
imported consumer goods (foodstuffs, medications, chemicals, raw materials, and minerals).  The
above-mentioned goods should meet medical and bi ological norms.  In case they do not comply with
norms, it is prohibited to bring in and use such goods in the Republic of Tajikistan.
Veterinary activity in the Republic of Tajikistan is implemented based on the International
Veterinary Code (Paris, 2000).  Since 1993 the country is a member of the International Epizootic
Bureau and the CIS Intergovernmental Veterinary Council.  Organization and implementation of the
veterinary control is being carried out in accordance with the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On
veterinary activity" and other legislative acts issued on its basis.
Veterinary legislation defines objectives of the veterinary services, management of veterinary
services, authorities of public veterinary inspectors, entitlements and responsibilities of owners ofanimals and cattle-breeding products, procedures of imposing and lifting quarantine in case of live-
stock infectious diseases, as well as other institutional and legal issues related to the veterinary
service.
The State Veterinary service of the Ministry of the Republic of Tajikistan executes
management of the veterinary services network.  Management of veterinary services at the border andon transport is performed by its subdivisions.
The State Veterinary service conducts assessment of the epizootic situation in the Republic,
exerts control over the protection of the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan from importing live-WT/ACC/TJK/3
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stock carrying infectious diseases from abroad th rough executing relevant control measures related to
intermediates, transportation, export and import of animals, products and raw materials of animal
origin, fodder, fodder supplement and other products applied in live-stock breeding.  The mentioned
service requires that all legal entities and individuals of the Republic of Tajikistan and other states
should implement measures to prevent spreading and to liquidate infectious diseases, as well as toprovide information essential to find out the epizootic status of live-stock.
There are no restrictions for import of meat and meat products.
The State Inspectorate on Plants Quarantine under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic
of Tajikistan executes control over import and exports of plants and unifies public quarantine control
over plants.  The State Inspectorate performs its activities based on quarantine requirements, which
foresee use of various state, public and special measures related to plants protection and prevention of
the diseases.
In case veterinary rule and rules established to combat diseases and vegetation pests are
violated, the Criminal Code, Article 225 stipulates criminal responsibility as a fine amounting to 500
to 1,000 minimum wages or prison of up to three years.
(d) Trade-related investment measures
The following investment measures related to trade are applied in the Republic of Tajikistan:
− Article 129 of the Taxation Code foresees income tax preferences from 2 to 5 years
depending on investment volume;
− Article 187 of the Taxation Code and Article 35 of the Law "On Customs Tariff" foresee
exemption from VAT tax and customs duties on imported production technological
equipment, etc. as a replenishment to the statutory fund of enterprises with foreign
investment;
− Article 10 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On foreign investment" guarantees
transfer of the incomes of foreign investors abroad in foreign exchange.
The Republic of Tajikistan does not apply investment measures which do not comply with
requirements of the WTO Agreement on TRIM.
(e) State-trading practices
Since 1995 in the Republic of Tajikistan the process of progressive liberalization of foreign
and domestic trade is going on.  The role of the state as a participant of trade relations is brought tothe minimum.
In accordance with current legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Ministry of economy
and trade of the Republic of Tajikistan is the body responsible for development and implementation of
the state trade policy.
According to the Regulation of the Ministry of economy and trade of the Republic of
Tajikistan approved by the Regulation No. 77 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of
17 February 2001, the main responsibilities of the Ministry in the area of the state trade are the
following:
− development and improvement of the state trade organization system; and
− development and implementation of the state policy in the area of domestic trade,
consumer market and services, and regulation of activities of its participants.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The regulation also approved the list of the state enterprises and joint-stock companies
implementing their activities based on bilateral agr eements with the Ministry of economy and trade of
the Republic of Tajikistan:
− Unitary enterprise "Sughdsavdo", commercial activity;
− Unitary enterprise "Khatlonsavdo", commercial activity;
− National Tourism Company "Sayoh", tourism activity;
− Tajik Universal Commodity Exchange, exchange trade activity;
− Agroindustrial center (Nov District), commercial activity;
− National Industrial Warehouse (Dushanbe), commercial activity;
− Unitary enterprise "Lesostroimetallotorg", commercial activity;
− Unitary enterprise "Tijorat", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Myasomoltorg", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Bakaleyatorg", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Vahdat", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Tojikta 'minot", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Ehyo", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Tajikvtormet", collection of ferrous metals scrap and waste and
their sales;
− Joint-stock company "Lesostroimaterialy", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Lesosnabtorg", commercial activity;
− Joint-stock company "Madadgor-1", commercial activity; and
− Joint-stock company "Furushgohi Markazi", commercial activity.
At the same time, except for restrictions sp ecified in items (e), (f) and (g), "Import
Regulation", there is no private or state enterprise or establishment in the Republic of Tajikistan
which would have exclusive or special rights or privileges, legal or constitutional power, the
application practice of which allows influencing the level or direction of export or import.
(f) Free zones
The Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan envisages free customs zones and free
warehouses.
A free customs zone is a detached territory within the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan,
the perimeter of which is considered the customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan.  It means that
provisions of the national customs legislation are not applied in the territory of a free customs zone.
However, given the national interests of the country, bans and restrictions on specific economicactivities may be imposed in the territory of free customs zones.
When bringing in goods to be placed in free customs zones, customs processing is undertaken
for statistical and law enforcement purposes.
However, measures of tariff and non-tariff regulation are not applied.
When bringing in goods from free customs zones to the customs territory of the Republic of
Tajikistan, customs processing is undertaken depending on the selected export customs regime.  When
bringing goods from a free customs zone to destinations outside the customs territory of the Republic
of Tajikistan, measures of tariff and non-tariff regulations are not applied.
In conformity with the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, production and any other
commercial operations, except for retail trade, is permitted in both free customs zones and freewarehouses.  Goods brought in or brought out of such zones and warehouses are not subject toWT/ACC/TJK/3
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customs duties and tax and economic restrictions are not applied until goods are brought into the
customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.
(g) Free economic zones
Neither free economic zones nor legislation regulating their functioning are yet established in
the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On foreign trade activity" foresees creation of free
economic zones.  In compliance with Article 12 of this Law, economic activities in free economic
zones are defined by legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.  However, relevant legislation has not
been developed and free economic zones in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan have not been
set up yet.
(h) Trade-related environmental policies
The Ministry of nature protection of the Republic of Tajikistan is a state body authorized to
exercise control in the area of environment protec tion and to use effectively the natural resources in
the Republic of Tajikistan.
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Government Regulation of the
Foreign Economic Activity", Article 12, goods brought into the Republic of Tajikistan must comply
with technical, pharmacological, sanitary, veteri nary, phytosanitary and ecological standards and
requirements established in the Republic of Tajikistan.
To implement this Article, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan determined certain
standards for products to protect the environment of the Republic and life, health or property of
citizens of Tajikistan.
The list of products subject to mandatory testing or certification for security reasons is
determined (See Annex 5).  Testing/certification requirements for the environment are equally applied
to merchandise of domestic and external origin.  Such requirements are not aimed at discrimination of
foreign producers in order to protect the domestic market.
In making certain that requirements on environment protection are observed, the
documentation related to bringing in goods subject  to certification that they are complying with
ecologic standards and rules must contain a provision requiring that such goods have appropriate
stamps issued by Tajikgosstandart or an accredited certification body.  In addition, a certificate of
compliance issued by Tajikgosstandart or other accredited certification body must accompany these
goods.
In conformity with the Code on administrative violations, nature protection bodies execute
control over observance of rules of transport, storing, and use of plant protection means, plant growth
stimulators, mineral fertilizers, other chemical substances, and agents which may entail contaminationof soil, water, atmosphere air, or destruction of flora and fauna.
(i)  Mixing regulations
Currently no mixing regulations are used.
(j) Government-mandated counter-trade and barter
The licensing and export allocation procedure for all types of goods and raw material in the
Republic of Tajikistan was cancelled by Decrees of the President of the Republic of TajikistanWT/ACC/TJK/3
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No. 261 "On further liberalization of foreign trade of the Republic of Tajikistan" of 27 June 1995 and
No. 407 "On sales procedure for cotton and primary al uminum and use of foreign exchange earnings"
of 10 February 1996.  Sales of all types of goods abroad is carried out without restrictions for foreign
exchange at prices fixed on the National commodity  exchange (auctions) taking into account world
prices.  One hundred per cent of pre-payment is a mandatory requirement for export of cotton andprocessed goods, primary aluminum and goods, ores, concentrates and residues of precious metals,
fermented tobacco, hides and leather, fertilizers, geranium oil, natural honey, herbs, snake venom.
The Republic of Tajikistan does not apply measures that make obligatory counter-trade or
barter.  Any importer imports goods without obligation to export any other goods or mandatory barter
on imported goods.
All types of barter operation are forbidden in Tajikistan, except for primary aluminum sales
by the Tajik Aluminum Plant for production purposes  (purchases of raw materials and technological
equipment), in volumes, settled by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and proposed by the
Ministry of Economy and Trade of Tajikistan.
(k) Trade agreements leading to country-specific quotas allocation
Between the Republic of Tajikistan and the European Community, on 16 July 1993 in
Brussels, was signed a Textile Trade Agreement. The agreement was signed for the period of threeyears.  In November 1995 the agreement was signed in the form of exchange letter about extension of
the validity of the above-mentioned Agreement until 31 December 1999.  Later the agreement was
extended until 31 December 2003.
In the absence of Free Trade Agreement or other comparable arrangements, the European
Community is not in a position to modify the tariff treatment of Tajikistan. Tajikistan having thestatus of a standard beneficiary country enjoys a 15% reduction from the normal tariff rate in the
textile sector.
The Republic of Tajikistan does not have any other agreements implying provision of quotas
to any country.
(l) Government procurement practices
"Expansion of participation and competition development between suppliers (contractors),
both domestic and foreign ones, in the process of procurement" is one of the main goals defined in the
Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On government procurement of goods, works and services" of
12 December 1997.  The law stipulates that the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan should
authorize a state procurement body.  Prior to 2001 the Agency of Procurement of Goods, Works and
Services under the Government of Tajikistan used to be such body.  Upon dissolution of the Agency,
a similar Agency under the Ministry of Economy and Trade of the country was established in Marchof the same year.  The Agency performs its activity in accordance with the above-mentioned law as
well as normative and legal documentation ba sed on the standard UNCITRAL (UN Commission on
International Trade Law) Law, recommendations of the World Bank and the International
Development Association (IDA).
Below is statistics on tender commissions activities related to government procurement:
1999 2000 2001
Indicator Absolute
value%Absolute
valueIn % to
1999Absolute
valueIn % to
1999In % to
2000
Quantity of tendersconducted32 100.0 1,476 46.1
 times3,217 100.5
times2.18
timesWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 65
Total of government
procurement agreementsconcluded in thousands
of Somoni8,461 100.0 10,727 126.8 19,074 225.4 177.8
Below is the present state (government) procurement practice exercised according to relevant
legal and normative acts:
− A Government body submits a request including nomenclature and procurement
conditions to the authorized body.  The authorized body, jointly with entities concerned(EC) (Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Economy and Trade, etc.) sets up a tender
commission (TC) and places invitations to participate in a tender (IPT) in mass media.
− When the major method of open competitive bidding is used, the minimum quorum of
participants is three.  The same quorum is envisaged for procurement by a two-stage
bidding method.  The authorized body also uses alternative procurement methods such asa request for proposals, a request for quotations (invoices), and single source
procurement.
− Envelopes with candidates' bids are opened within a period stated in IPT.  The tender
commission (TC) announces the preliminary results and a supposed winner (SW).  WhenEC examine qualifications of the SW and a decision on agreement on signing is taken, a
TC protocol on public procurement is prepared.
− One copy of the TC Protocol and the agreement on public procurement are sent to:
− Authorized body for keeping;
− Ministry of Finance, for payment; and
− EC and the supplier for implementation.
In general, actions of participants in procurement procedures comply with the normative acts
attached.
(m) Regulation of trade in transit
The Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, Article 35, states that transit of goods is a
customs regime when goods under customs control move between two customs posts of the Republic
of Tajikistan, in transit between territories of foreign states, with customs duty and tax exemption and
economic policy measures not applied.
Transit of goods of overseas origin via the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan is
performed without restrictions, except for cases specified by Resolution of the Government of the
republic of Tajikistan "On Measures to Improve Foreign Economic Activities in the Republic of
Tajikistan", No. 111, of 19 February 1997, as well as the "List of Goods, Works, and Services,  the
Export, Import, and Transit of which is Performed According to Decisions of the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan".
− Uranium and other radioactive substances, goods from them, technologies, appliances,
equipment and plants and sources of radiation including radioactive waste.
− Gunpowder, explosives and their waste.
− Drugs and psychotropic and toxic substances.
− Arms and military equipment, spare parts for their production, works and services in the
area of the military-technical cooperation.
− Regulatory-technical documentation for military production (engineering and
operational).
− Service and civil weapons.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− Military uniforms, garments and other related things.
− Means of protection from poisonous substances, parts and accessories used in battles.
− Cryptographic devices (including cryptographic equipment, spare parts, cryptographic
software), regulatory-technical documentation for cryptographic devices.
− Mineralogy and paleontology collection material.
− Works of art, collectables and antiques, which have significant artistic, historical,
scientific and cultural value.
− Information about deposits of mineral resources and oilfields and their location on the
territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (including charts, maps, drawings).
− Wild animals and birds included in the Red Book.
The "Agreement on Unified Transit Conditions via Territories of Customs Union Member-
States" of 22 January 1998 is in effect within the framework of the Customs Union.  This Agreement
entered into force for the Republic of Tajikistan on 4 January 1999.  The present Agreement defines
principal goals and objectives, as well as principles of goods transit via customs territories of the
member-states.  The objective of the Agreement is to unify customs legislation, customs processing,
transit goods control, elimination of barriers and restrictions in transit, and facilitation of transit trade
development in the member-states.
Given significance of transit trade, particularly for our country, the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan issued the Resoluti on "On Approval of the Economic Cooperation
Organization (ECO) Transit Trade Agreement", of 30 April 1996.  Being an ECO member, including
the ECO Transit Trade Agreement, the Republic of Tajikistan fulfils its international commitments.
This Agreement relates to goods transportation with or without transfer of cargo, via one or moreborders between the customs points of a member-count ry and the customs destination point of another
member-country, being subject to jurisdiction of  other ECO member-countries.  The agreement
covers transportation by road, rail, sea, and air, or their combination.
With purpose to implement conditions and to control realization of the ECO Transit Trade
Agreement, ECO Transit Trade Committee has been established, which includes one representative
from each member-country of the Agreement.
4. Policies affecting foreign trade in agricultural products
When exporting and importing animals, products of animal and vegetable origin, licence and
phytosanitary certificates are required.  Licenses are issued based on the present Regulation on
licensing.  For exported and imported goods, requirements of the international Veterinary Code
(veterinary certificates), the Laws of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Veterinary Activities," "On
Veterinary Charter of the Republic of Tajikistan," "On plants quarantine", should be observed withinthe country.
There are multiple examples of large losses, large damage to agriculture from animal
diseases, infiltration and spread of hazardous organisms in the world practice.
Veterinary service and the State Inspectorate on Plants Quarantine are responsible for
protection of the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan from animal diseases, bringing and spreadingof extremely dangerous pests, phytopat hogenic organisms and malicious weeds.
Sanitary measures applied in the country regarding import of goods of animal origin are
implemented in compliance with Veterinary Code requirements.
The country conditions are favorable for export and import of animals, products of animal and
plant origin provided that international norms, Codes and laws of the Republic of Tajikistan areobserved.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Volume of agricultural output sales depends, first and foremost, on its quality.
In the country agricultural products meeting the world quality standards are:  cotton fibre,
fresh and dried apricots, fresh and dried grapes, lemons, pomegranates, karakul, especially of grey
color of sheep of Hissar and Karakul breeds.
(a) Imports
Import of agricultural goods does not differ in any way from import of other goods.
Agricultural import is regulated by general rules and procedures, which are described in Subsection
"Import Regulation", Items a, b, g, and h.  Additional restrictive measures, special import duties and
taxes on agricultural products trade are not foreseen.
(b) Exports
There in no direct subsidizing of export of agricultural products in the Republic of Tajikistan.
Agricultural production is government-supported.  Expenditures on wheat seeds purchase are annuallysubsidized from the state budget.  In 2001, a subsidy was equal to US$425,000 and in 2002 – to
US$476,000.
Besides, indirect subsidizing i.e. financing of expenditures related to maintenance and repair
of irrigation systems and improvement of land reclamation is being carried out.  For these purposes in
2001 US$1,888,000 was subsidized and in 2002 – US$2,085,000.
Indebtedness of agricultural economic entities to the state in the sum of 2,257,137,000 rubls
was also restructured based on the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.  National
Center of Privatization Support under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan provided 1,530
entities with a lump sum grant totalling in US$873,493.
(c) Export prohibitions and restrictions
There are no export prohibitions and restrictions for agricultural goods.  General conditions
and principles of trade in goods in the Republic of Tajikistan are applied.
(d) Export credits, export credit gu arantees or insurance programmes
Currently, in the Republic of Tajikistan the practice of granting export credits and export
credit guarantees is not used.
(e) Internal policies
As it was mentioned in the section Sectoral Priorities, Part II of the Memorandum, the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan takes gradual steps on development of agricultural
production, and development of cotton-growing branch and grain crops production in particular.
Thus, in accordance with Article 7 of the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On state budget
of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2003" the tax rate for cotton sales was fixed at ten per cent.  At the
same time, effective 1 January 2003 delivery of cotton is exempt from VAT.
The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan greatly supports agriculture through
distribution of technical and fina ncial support of financial institutions and donor countries for the
development of this branch.  Particularly, during 2001-2002 the Government of Japan provided the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan with the grant in the amount of US$24 million which was
used for purchase of agricultural machinery, technological equipment and fertilizers.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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5. Policies affecting foreign trade in other sectors
(a) Textiles regime
There are no restrictions and prohibitions related to textile trade.  Textile trade is implemented
based on general foreign trade principles and conditions.
(b) Policies affecting foreign trade in other major sectors
In addition to the above-mentioned trading sectors in Sections "Import Regulation" and
"Export Regulation", general procedures and conditions related to foreign trade regulations are
applied in other trading sectors.
V. TRADE-RELATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME
1. General
(a) Intellectual property policy
Despite the political and economic difficulties faced by Tajikistan in the first few years of
independence (much of the country's production infrastructure is in urgent need of repair and
restoration after years of war damage) Tajikistan's IPR protection system aimed at achieving world
standards.
Intellectual property is protected by Law according to Article 40 of the Constitution of the
Republic of Tajikistan.
The policy of the Republic of Tajikistan in Intellectual Property can be represented by the
following directions:
− improvement and further development of the legislative basis.
As far back as 1999, at the National Center for Patents and Information (NCPI) a team was
created to examine and revise the IPR laws, administrative regulations and department rules relating
to the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement and Tajikistan's accession commitments.
At present, the system of intellectual property protection continues to develop.  At the stage of
concordance and consideration by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan are the Laws "On
Procedures for Registration and Use of Firm Name s", "On Inventions", "On Industrial Designs". The
Patent Office is preparing a new version of the Law on "Trademarks and Service Marks".
A draft law "On Geographical Indi cations" is being worked out.
− establishment of the competent bodies at the executive authorities for intellectual property
right enforcement;
− establishment of the court protection of intellectual property rights.
It is necessary to create patent courts.  At present all disputes are considered by the Board of
Appeals of the NCPI and, in case of need, by  the Supreme Economic Court of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
− increasing public awareness of intellectual property rights;WT/ACC/TJK/3
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At the NCPI a chair on Intellectual Property is being created for teaching senior students of
colleges and universities.
Starting from 1997, every two years NCPI holds  a conference on "System of protection of
Industrial Property in Tajikistan" and a competition for the best inventor; as a result, 5 Tajik inventors
were awarded WIPO Gold medals.
(b) Responsible agencies for policy formulation and implementation
At present, different agencies are responsible for Intellectual Property Rights policy
formulation and implementation, and among them are:
− National Center for Patents and Information within the Ministry of Economy and Trade,
serves as a patent and trademark office. Among the main responsibilities of this Center is
the protection of state interests in the areas of invention, industrial designs, trade mark
and service marks and appellations of origin.
− Agency on Copyright and Related Rights within the Ministry of Culture is responsible for
copyright and neighbouring rights policy making.
− State Commission on Plant Varieties within the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for
protection of plant varieties.
− State Agency on Antimonopoly Policy and Support of Entrepreneurship under the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan (set up in 2001).  The Agency is responsible for
implementation of the Law "On Competition and Restriction of Monopolistic Activity on
Commodity Markets" which, in particular, prohibits the unauthorised use of trademarks,
trade packaging and confidential business information.
− Ministry of State Revenues and Duties of the Republic of Tajikistan is responsible for
special border measures.
Other Governmental agencies and organizations, such as the Supreme Economic Court,
Ministry of Interior, also take part in intellectual property rights protection in Tajikistan.
(c) Membership in international intellectual  property conventions and of regional or
bilateral agreements
- International intellectual property conventions
In January 1994 the Republic of Tajikistan acceded to the World Intellectual Property
Organization and, according to the Government Declaration, Tajikistan considers valid in its territory
the following important international agreements on industrial property:
− Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO);
− Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property;
− Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks;
− Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for
the Purposes of the Registration of Marks;
− Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs;
− Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT);
− Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification;
− Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for
the Purposes of Patent Procedure; and
− Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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On 13 November 1998 the country adopted the Law on Copyrights, which passed an
examination of WIPO and protects authors' rights in accordance with the international conventions.
Tajikistan is a member of the World Convention on Copyrights, and since March 2000 – a
member of the Bern Convention on protection of works of literature and art. Tajikistan created the
legislative framework in line with world standards.
Tajikistan is represented in the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of
Plants (UPOV).
- Membership in regional intellectual property conventions
In 1995 the Republic of Tajikistan ratified the Eurasian Patent Convention signed in Moscow
on 9 September 1994.
The Eurasian Patent Convention has established an interstate system of invention protection
on a basis of a common patent valid in the territories of all the Contracting states (Turkmenistan,Republic of Belarus, Republic of Tajikistan, Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of
Azerbaijan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, and Republic of Armenia).
At present, the following Agreements, signed and entered into force in the framework of the
CIS:
− Agreement on Measures for Industrial Property Protection and on Creation of the
Interstate Council on Industrial Property Protection Matters, dated 12 March 1993.
− Agreement on Cooperation on Suppression of In fringements in the Field of Intellectual
Property, of 6 March 1998.
− Agreement on the Measures to Prevent the Use of False Trademarks and Geographical
Indications, of 4 July 1998.
− Agreement on Mutual Security of Interstate Secrets in the Field of Industrial Property, of
4 June 1999.
- Bilateral agreements on intellectual property protection
Tajikistan has its intellectual property commitments under the 1993 U.S.-Tajikistan Trade
Agreement.
In 2001 National Center for Patents and Information of the Republic of Tajikistan and
Russian Agency on Patents and Trademarks (ROSPATENT) signed agreement on mutual
cooperation.
(d) Application of national and m.f.n. treatment to foreign nationals
The legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan in the field of intellectual property as regards the
application of intellectual property legislation to foreigners provides national treatment with respect to
foreign nationals, and foreign legal entities provided such a treatment does not contradict provisions
of other International Agreements to which the Republic of Tajikistan is a party.
However, there are some exceptions from the policy of the "national treatment" which are
manifested as follows:
− In accordance with the industrial property legislation, foreign legal entities having
permanent establishments in foreign countries or nationals having their domicile outside
the Republic of Tajikistan (or their professional representatives) run proceedingsWT/ACC/TJK/3
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connected with registration of trademarks and patenting of inventions through the patent
attorneys registered in the Patent Office of the Republic of Tajikistan.
− The temporary Regulations on State Patent Fees, approved by the Decree No. 533 of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on 28 November 1994, sets different methodsof calculating the state fees envisaged by the current legislation in the field of industrial
property, for natural and legal persons of the Republic of Tajikistan and for foreignnatural and legal persons.
As regards the most favoured nation treatment, it is given to all foreign countries in the field
of industrial property on equal basis.
(e) Fees and taxes
Fees are paid for legal actions on procedures from filing of applications to grant of protection
documents (patents and certificates), for the renewal of the effect of patents and certificates, for
registration of licence agreements, for lodging appeals before the Appeal Board of the NCPI.  Feesand taxes are determined by the temporary Regulations on State Patent Fees, approved by the
Decree No. 533 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 28 November 1994.
A list of the fees and taxes is represented in the tables below.
Fees for Patenting Inventions
Actions for which fees are chargedFor nationals of RT, min
salaryFor foreign persons, US$
Filing a patent application 0.2 50
Amendments on the volition of the applicant 0.1 10
Examination of an application as to substance 1.0 410  (a reduction of the fee
by 20 and 50% is provided)
Changes in invention formula on the volitionof the applicant0.2 80
Publication of the application 0.8 200
Lodging an appeal before the Appeal Board:
- against a decision of refusal as a
result of examination as to form0.3 60
- against a decision of refusal as a
result of examination as to substance0.8 400
Grant of a patent 0.8 200
Registration of a licence agreement 3.8 60
For the Maintenance of a Patent for Invention
Years For nationals of RT, min salary For foreign persons, US$
3-4 0.2 50
5-6 0.3 80
7-8 0.4 100
9-10 0.5 150
11-12 0.9 230
13-14 1.2 300
15-16 1.5 400
17-18 1.5 400
19-20 2.0 500WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Fees for Patenting Utility Models
Actions for which fees are charged For national of RT, min
salaryFor foreign persons,
US$
Filing a utility model application 0.1 30
Amendments on the volition of the applicant 0.1 10
Publication of the application 0.8 200
Grant of a certificate for a utility model 0.8 200
Registration of a licence agreement 3.8 60
For the Maintenance of a Certificate of the Registration of a Utility Model
Years For nationals of RT, min salary For foreign persons, US$
1-2 0.1 30
30 . 2 5 0
4-5 0.3 80
Fees for Patenting of an Industrial Design
Actions for which fees are chargedFor nationals of RT, min
salaryFor foreign persons, US$
Filing a patent application 0.2 30
Amendments on the volition of the applicant 0.1 20
Examination of an application as to substance 0.4 210  (a reduction of the
fee by 20 and 50% is
provided)
Lodging an appeal before the Appeal Board:
- against a decision of refusal as a result
of examination as to form0.3 60
- against a decision of refusal as a result
of examination as to substance0.8 400
Grant of a patent for an industrial design 0.4 200
Registration of a licence agreement 3.8 60
For the Maintenance of a Patent for an Industrial Design
Years For nationals of RT, min salary For foreign persons, US$
3-4 0.2 50
5-6 0.3 80
7-8 0.4 100
9-10 0.6 150
For Renewal of a Patent for an Industrial Design
Years For nationals of RT, min salary For foreign persons, US$
1-2 0.6 150
3-5 0.8 200WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Fees for the Registration of a Trademark and Service Mark
Actions for which fees are chargedFor nationals of RT, min
salaryFor foreign persons, US$
Filing application for registration 1.0 160
Lodging an appeal before the Appeal Board:
- against a decision of refusal to accept
an application0.6 100
- against a decision of refusal to register
a trademark1.6 350
- against the registration of a trademark 3.2 650
- Registration of a trademark 1.6 250
Entry of amendments in the State Register 0.4 60
Registration of a licence agreement 7.6 120
Registration of an agreement on assignment of a
certificate12.6 100
Renewal of the registration 3.2 500
Fees For The Registration Of An Appellation of Origin and Grant the Right to use Them
Actions for which fees are chargedFor nationals of RT, min
salaryFor foreign persons, US$
Filing application for grant of a certificate 0.8 110
Lodging an appeal before the Appeal Board:
- against a decision of refusal as a result
of examination as to form0.6 100
- against a decision of refusal to register
an appellation of origin and grant theright to use them1.6 350
- against a registration of an appellation
of origin and grant the right to use
them3.2 650
Grant of a certificate of the right to use an
appellation of origin1.6 250
Entry of amendments in the State Registry 0.4 60
Renewal of a certificate of the right to use an
appellation of origin3.2 500
2. Substantive standards of protection
Article 40 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan states that intellectual property is
protected by law.
This constitutional right is further elaborated in the Civil Code, adopted on 30 June 1999 (Part
I.) and on 11 November 1999 (Part II.).
The articles of the Civil Code, concerning intellectual property, contain general public
principles for the right on means of individualisation of the participants of trade, their goods, work
and services.
The provisions of these articles are worked out in detail:
− In special laws – "on Trademarks and Service Marks", "on Plant Varieties", "on
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights", etc.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− In Legislative acts, such as "Temporary Regulations on Inventions, Utility Models and
Industrial Designs", "Temporary Regulations on Appellation of Origin and Grant of theRight to Use It", "Temporary Regulations on State Patent Fees", etc.
(a) Copyrights and related rights
- Intellectual property policy
Policy in the area of copyright and related rights aimed at creation of the legal regime which
will provide the following:
− The best conditions for creative activity and forming of incentives for creation of highly
artistic and scientifically valuable works of literature, science and art;
− The best conditions for international exchanges in the area of science, culture and
education;
− Conformity with international standards in the area of copyright and related rights;
− Protection of copyright and related rights from all types of violations;
− Creation of effective procedures for protection of violated rights both of Tajikistan
authors abroad and foreign authors in Tajikistan.
- Responsible agencies for policy formulation and implementation
The Agency on copyright and related rights of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of
Tajikistan is responsible for development and implementation of the policy in the area of copyright
and related rights.
- Membership of international intellectual property conventions
The Republic of Tajikistan joined the following international conventions, multilateral and
bilateral Agreements:
− The World Copyright Convention (confirmed in 1992);
− The Bern Convention on protection of works of literature and art (2000);
− The CIS Agreement on cooperation in suppression of violations of the law in the area of
intellectual property (1998);
− Participation in the Joint working commission of the states – members of the CIS
Agreement on cooperation in suppression of violations of the law in the area ofintellectual property (20 June 2000);
− Participation in the CIS Interstate Council on intellectual property (23 November 2000);
and
− Bilateral Agreements with the copyright organizations of the CIS member countries
(Russian Federation, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan).
- Application of national and MFN treatment to foreign nationals
Foreign copyright owners in protection of their works, performances, audio records
(soundtracks), programmes of regular and cable broadcasting have the same regime as it is provided
to the citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan.
- Fees and taxes
The registration fees for actions related to the official registration of literature, science and
arts works.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Types of worksFor nationals of the
Republic of Tajikistan (in
Somoni)For foreign nationals
(in US$)
Fiction, scientific-technical and political literature,textbooks, etc.3-9 50
Musical compositions in notation form 4-12 70
Graphics 4-12 100
Calendars, crosswords, etc. 2-6 50
Audiovisual works 4-12 70
Software and database 5-15 100
- Substantive Standards of Protection, Including Procedures For the Acquisition and
Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights
The following legal acts adopted in the Republic of Tajikistan are about the copyright and
related rights:
− The Law "On Copyright and related rights " of 13 November 1999;
− The Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan "On minimal rates of
royalties for publishing of works of science, literature, and art and execution of orders for
creation of drama, music, musical-dramatic and literary works for public performance or
for a right of the first public performance of non-published works (1 July 1999 No. 251);
− The Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan "On minimal rates of
royalties for public performance of works of literature and art, reproduction of works in
sound (mechanical) record and distribution of copies of audio records and audiovisual
works and reproduction of works of fine arts and industrial copying of works of arts and
crafts (1 July 1999 No. 252);
− The Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan "On minimal rates of
royalties for graphics and photographical works for press (4 February 2002 No. 37);
− Article 156 "Violation of copyright, related rights and rights of patent owners" of the
Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan and also the Article 294 "Fraud of
consumers" which could be used for protection of intellectual property rights.
Amendments to the Administrative Code of the Republic of Tajikistan aimed at fight against
piracy (Article 158²): "Sale, rent or any other il legal use in commercial purposes copies of works or
audio records (soundtracks)," and also Articles 164 ¹ and 165¹, which could be used for protection of
intellectual property rights;  The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On copyright and related rights"determines the following:
− Area covered by copyright
The copyright covers the works:
− Whose authors are citizens or permanent residents of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− For the first time published on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (including works
published for the first time in the Republic of Tajikistan during 30 days after the date ofthe first time publishing in another state) or not published but present in objective form on
the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan regardless of citizenship and permanentresidency of their authors;
− Which are protected on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with
international agreements signed by the Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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- Area covered by related rights
Regulations of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On copyright and related rights" are
applied to:
− Performers who are citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Performers who are not citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan but their performances:
− for the first time were held on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− recorded on audio which is protected in accordance with the current Law;
− not recorded on audio but included into the program of regular of cable broadcasting
protected in accordance with the current Law.
Provisions of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On copyright and related rights" are
applied to:
− audio records which producer is a citizen of the Republic of Tajikistan or a legal person
officially located on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− audio records which producer is not a citizen of the Republic of Tajikistan or a legal
person officially located on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan but which for thefirst time published on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan or published on the
territory of the Republic of Tajikistan during 30 days since the first publication in anotherstate.  For origin and execution of copyright and related rights no formality required to be
observed.
The author of the work has the following personal non-property rights:
− the right to be recognized as the author of a work created by him/her (authorship right);
− the right to use or permit to use a work under the real name of the author, under the
pseudonym or without a name , i.e. anonymously (name right);
− the right to publish or permit to publish the work in any form (publishing right) including
the right to recall;
− the right to protect the work including its name from any distortion or other infringement
which could affect the honour and dignity of the author (right to protect an author'sreputation); and
− the right to inviolability of the work.
The author of the work has the following property rights:
− to reproduce the work (right to reproduction);
− to distribute copies of the work by any way: to sell, to rent, etc. (right to distribution);
− to import copies of the work for distribution including copies made with permission of the
exclusive author's rights (right to import);
− to publicly show the work (right to public show);
− to publicly perform the work (right to public performance);
− to communicate the work (including showing, performing or broadcasting) for general
information via broadcasting and/or further broadcasting (right to broadcast);
− to communicate the work (including showing, performing or broadcasting) for general
information via cable, wires or with help of other similar means (right to communicationvia cable);
− to translate the work (right to translate); and
− to redo, arrange or revise the work by other way (right to revising).WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 77
Exclusive rights of the author to use designer, architecture, town-planning and gardening
projects also include practical realization of these projects.  The author of the accepted architecture
project has the right to demand from the customer to gi ve him/her the right to participate in realization
of the project during preparation of documentation for construction and construction of building if it is
not foreseen in the contract.
If copies of legally published work put into circulation through their sale then their further
distribution is allowed without the consent of th e author or other copyright owner and without
payment of royalty.  In this case concerning audiovisual works, software, databases, musical pieces in
note form and works recorded on audio (soundtrack) authors and other copyright owners have the
right of renting originals or copies of these works regardless of belonging of the copyright on
originals or copies for rent.
The rate and the order of calculation of royalty for each type of use of the work by other
persons are determined in the author's contract as well as in contracts made by organizations
managing the property rights of authors on collective basis with users.
The period of validity of copyright and related rights:
− The copyright is valid during the life of the author, inherited and is valid during 50 years
since the death of the author.
− The authorship right, the rights to name and to author's reputation protection are protected
indefinitely.
− The copyright on the work published for the first time during 30 years after the death of
the author is valid during 50 years after its lawful publishing.
The performer concerning its performance or production has the following exclusive rights:
− the right to name;
− the right to protection of performance or production from any kind of distortion or other
infringement which could affect the honour and dignity of the author; and
− the right to use performance or production in  any form including the right to receive
royalty for each type of use of performance or production.
Exclusive right to use performance or production means the right to execute or to allow
execution of the following actions:
− to broadcast or communicate performance or production for general information via cable
if the performance or production used for this type of program were not broadcasted
earlier or are not carried out with use of recording;
− to record previously not recorded performance or production;
− to reproduce the recording of performance or production;
− to broadcast or via cable the recording of performance or production if initially this
recording was produced not for commercial purposes; and
− to rent published for commercial purposes audio recording (soundtrack) which includes
performance or production with participation of the performer.  This right at the signing
of the contract for audio recording of performance or production is passed to the producer
of the audio recording and the performer keeps the right to royalty for rent of copies of
this audio recording.
The producer of the audio recording concerning his/her audio recording has exclusive rights:
− to reproduce the audio recording;WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 78
− to redo or by any other way revise the audio recording;
− to distribute copies of the audio record ing, i.e. to sell, to rent, etc.; and
− to import copies of the audio recording fo r distribution including copies made with
permission of the producer of this audio recording.
If copies of the lawfully published audio recording are in circulation through their sale, then
their further distribution is allowed without the consent of the producer of the audio recording and
without payment of royalty.  At the same time, the producer of the audio recording regardless of the
ownership right on copies of the audio recording keeps the right to distribution of the copies of theaudio recording through renting.
Organizations of air and cable broadcasting concerning their programmes have the following
exclusive rights:
− to put simultaneously on the air or via cable their program of other broadcasting
organization;
− to communicate the program for general information via cable or on the air;
− to record the program;
− to reproduce recording of the program; and
− to communicate the program for general information in places with paid entrance.
The period of validity of related rights:  Related rights concerning the performer are valid
during 50 years since the first performance.
The rights of performer to name and protection of performance from any distortion or other
infringement are protected indefinitely and not inherited.
Related rights concerning the producer of the audio recording are valid during 50 years since
the first publishing of the audio recording or during 50 years since its first recording if the audiorecording was not published during this time.
Related rights concerning the broadcasting organization are valid during 50 years since the
first broadcasting of the program by the organiza tion.  Related rights concerning the organization of
cable casting are valid during 50 years since the first cable casting of the program by the organization.
- Obtaining and transfer of property rights
The property rights can be conceded or transferred in full or in part only on exclusive or non-
exclusive basis (exclusive or non-exclusive licence) according to the author's contract.
The following should be foreseen in the Author's contract: ways of use of the work (concrete
rights transferred in accordance to the contract); the period and the territory to which the right is
given; amount of royalty and/or the order of determining the amount of royalty for each way of use of
the work, the order and period of pay.
In case of the absence of the term about the period of transferring rights in the Author's
contract, the contract can be cancelled by the author after the end of 5 years since the date of its
signing if the user will be notified in writing about this decision 6 months before the cancellation of
the contract.  In the absence in the Author's contract of the term about the territory to which the rights
will be given, the force of the right given according to the contract will be limited by the territory of
the Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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All rights to use the work not transferred directly in accordance with the Author's contract are
considered not transferred.  Rights of use of works not known to the moment of signing of contract
cannot be the subject of the Author's contract.
The royalty is determined in the Author's contr act as the interest from the profit made from
the appropriate way of use of the work or in the form of fixed amount if it is not possible to do due tothe character of the work or peculiarities of its use or by any other way but not less than minimal
amount of royalty.
Minimal amount of royalty is determined by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
and is indexed simultaneously with indexation of the minimal wage.
If the royalty is determined as a fixed sum in the Author's contract about publishing or other
reproduction of the work then the maximal circulation of the work should be set in the contract.
The rights transferred according to the Author's contract can be transferred to other persons
only in case and the scope directly foreseen in the Author's contract.
All rights to use the work not transferred in accordance with the Author's contract are
protected by the author.  Rights to use the work which the author can create in the future cannot be a
subject of the Author's contract.  Terms of the Author's contract limiting the author in creation of
works on the concrete subject or in the concrete area in the future are not valid.  Terms of the Author'scontract contradicting the regulations of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan are not valid.
The Author's contract should be done in written form.  The Author's contract about the use of
the work in periodic press can be done in oral form.
At sale and providing access to the software for mass users the contract is considered done in
written form if its terms (terms of use of software) are stated as required on the software copies.
(b) Trademarks
Trademarks and service marks are registered according to the Law of the Republic of
Tajikistan on Trademarks and Service marks of 23 December 1991.
Provisions of the Law are in accord with the TRIPS Agreement except for the following:
− According to Article 18 of the Law every trademark registration is published during a
period of six months counted from the date of registering of a trademark in the Register
(Article 15 of the TRIPS Agreement requires publication of the trademark registration
either before its registration, or immediately after it).
− Protection of well-known trademarks must be W by the Paris Convention, which is in
force in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan since 1994. However, at present theorder of implementation of this requirement is not defined (body which establishes
whether a trademark is well-known and criteria of establishing a trademark to be well-known).
− According to Article 24 of the Law registration of a trademark can be cancelled due to
non-use during a period of five years counted from the date of registration or during a
period of five years prior to filing a declaration by the interested person (Article 19.1 of
the TRIPS Agreement stipulates an uninterrupted period of at least three years of non-
use).
− The Law on Trademarks and Service Marks does not contain provisions mentioning
compulsory licenses (Art. 21 of TRIPS prohibi ts compulsory licensing of trademarks).WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(c) Geographical indications
At present the legislation concerning geographical indications is at the stage of development.
Registration of appellations of origin and issuin g of certificates is carried out according to the
Temporary Regulations of the Republic of Tajikistan on Appellation of Origin and Grant of the Right
to Use It.
Provisions of Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement, providing additional protection for
Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits, are realized only for appellations of origins which are
registered in accordance with established procedure before NCPI.
(d) Industrial designs
The Temporary Regulation on Invention, Utility Models and Industrial Designs (1994)
provides protection for an industrial design if it is new, original and industrially applicable. (Art.6,
Regulations), that is, there is an additional criteria of industrial applicability which is not required bythe TRIPS Agreement.
The Temporary Regulation provides protection of industrial designs for a period of ten years
counting from the date of priority and with a possibility for renewal for not more than five years.
Protection for textile designs (Art. 25.2, TRIPS) is provided by Article 6.7 of the Law of the
Republic of Tajikistan on Copyright and Related Rights.
At present the draft of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Industrial Designs is under
consideration by the Government.
(e) Patents
The Temporary Regulations on Inventions, Uti lity Models and Industrial Designs provides
protection of inventions for a period of 20 years counting from the date of priority and basicallysatisfies international requirements and requirements of the TRIPS Agreement.
The following is not deemed to be an invention: scientific theories and mathematical methods,
rules and methods for doing business, layout designs of integrated circuits, plant or animal varieties,
solutions contrary to public order or morality etc.
Article 26 of the draft Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Inventions which was passed to
the Government of Tajikistan for consideration will provide observance of the requirements of the
TRIPS Agreement.
(f) Plant variety protection
Plant varieties are not patentable according to the Temporary Regulations on Inventions,
Utility Models and Industrial Designs.
However, legal protection of plant varieties and animal breeds is realized on the basis of the
Law on Plant Varieties by granting a patent.  The right on plant varieties and animal breeds areacquired by filing an application with the State Commission on Plant Varieties within the Ministry of
Agriculture.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(g) Layout designs of integrated circuits
At present, the legal protection of this ob ject of industrial property is unavailable.
(h) Requirements on undisclosed information
Protection of closed information is provided in the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan by
institution of service and commercial secrets in accordance with Article 153 of the Civil Code of theRepublic of Tajikistan, which imposes responsibility of WW who received information constituting
service and commercial secrets.
Besides, Article 7 of the Law on "Competiti on and Restriction of Antimonopoly Activity on
Commodity Markets" also restricts acquisition, use and disclosure of scientific and technical
information, industrial or commercial information, including commercial secrets, without consent of
its owner.
(i) Any other categories of intellectual property
Appellation of a legal person is determined at approval of its Statute and is subject to
registration through inclusion into the Single State Register of legal persons (Article 51 of the Civil
Code of the Republic of Tajikistan).
In accordance with Article 55 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, a legal person
whose appellation is registered in accordance with established procedure shall have exclusive rights toits use.  The same Article states that the registration procedure and use of appellations is defined by
legislative acts.
The appellation of a legal person contains indication of its legal-organizational form and a
special (distinctive) part.  However, none of legislative acts including the Civil Code of the Republic
of Tajikistan regulates creation of the appellation in its special (distinctive) part.  This can create asituation when similar appellation registered as indication of legal persons without conducting
expertise on identity and similarity can mislead consumers.  In turn, it can bring to the situation when
an entrepreneur will suffer material and moral damage from a loss of customers and lower quality of
goods and services provided by the competing company.
In this regard, it is necessary to legally define minimal provisions on protection, i.e. to
determine grounds for protection (registration in accordance with established procedure and/or use; in
case of two grounds for protection, it is necessary to determine their correlation), as well as determine
scope of protection, i.e. authority of an owner of a right to appellation.
3. Measures to control abuse of intellectual property rights
Abuse of intellectual property rights is controlled by means of compulsory licensing and by
the right to prohibit unfair competition.
Article 10 of the Temporary Regulations on Inve ntions, Utility Model and Industrial Designs
obliges a patent holder to use an invention, utility model or industrial design and in case of non-use or
insufficient use of an invention or an industrial design during five year period, and of utility model
during four year period from the date of publication of the grant of patent, any person willing and
ready to use the protected object (if a patent owne r refuses to conclude a licence agreement with the
person) has the right to resort to court and to request grant of a compulsory licence.
Such licence is granted under condition that the patent holder can not prove the fact that non-
use or insufficient use was due to valid reasons.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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According to Article 24 of the Law on Trademarks and Service Marks the registration of a
trademark can be cancelled by the court decision made upon a declaration of an interested legal entity
or a natural person in connection with uninterrupted period of five years of non-use of the trademark
counted from the registration date or from the date of filing such declaration.
The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Competition and Restriction of Antimonopoly
Activity on Commodity Markets" prohibits the use of a trademark, firm name or stamping, and also
copying of package, wrapping or external decoration of goods of other business entities (Art. 7 Types
of unfair competition).
The Agency on copyright and related rights of the Ministry of Culture issues licenses to users
for appropriate ways of use of objects of copyright and related rights.  It also has the following
functions:
− Coordinates with users the amount of royalty and other terms for issuing licenses;
− Issues licenses to users for use of objects of copyright and related rights with the consent
of the copyright owner;
− Collects, distributes and pays all types of royalty; and
− Performs all kind of legal actions necessary to protection of copyright and related rights.
4. Enforcement
(a) Civil judicial procedures and remedies
Some measures on enforcement of intellectual property rights are stipulated by the Civil
Code. Article 11 provides for court protection of the rights recognized by the Civil Code and is
implemented by the court in accordance with the category of cases established by the procedurallegislation.
Article 12 provides modes of civil rights protection, including court order, demanding
(i) compulsion to fulfill the duties, (ii) compensation of damages, (iii) punishment and other measures
stipulated by the law. Article 15 specifies that the damages include direct and consequential losses,
including WW as well as possibility to derive profit from the person violated the right. Compensationfor the moral damage is provided by Article 171.
(b) Provisional measures
The legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan does not provide for the judicial authorities the
authority to order prompt and effective provisional measures to prevent an infringement of any
intellectual property right (in particular, the entry into the channels of commerce of goods, includingimported goods immediately after customs clearance) and to preserve relevant evidence in regard to
the alleged infringement.
(c) Any administrative procedures and remedies
According to Article 11 of the Civil Code protect ion of rights by administrative order may be
practiced only in cases stipulated by the law and such decisions may be appealed by court. The Lawon Trademarks and Service Marks and the Temporary Regulations on Inventions, Utility Models and
Industrial Designs provides that questions concerning examination of different industrial property
objects - inventions, utility models and industrial designs, trademarks and service marks are resolved
by applying to the State Agency on Protection of  Inventions and Registration of Trademarks and
Service Marks (NCPI).WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The State Agency on Antimonopoly Policy and Support of Entrepreneurship has the right by
administrative order to resolve different questions connected with unfair business activity, including
sale of goods (including food stuff and beverages with false labels) and counterfeiting of trademarks.
The Agency acts as defined by the legislation on consumers' rights protection.
According to Article 9 of the Law on Competit ion and Restriction of Monopolistic Activity
on Commodity Markets the State Agency on Antimonopoly Policy and Support of Entrepreneurship
under the Government has the right to impose a fine on business subjects and official reprimands on
their administration, citizens, including individual entrepreneurs and also on officials of governmental
administrative bodies, local administrations, who prac tice unfair entrepreneurs activity, including sale,
unauthorised use of trademarks, illegal use/disclosure of private information.
The following articles of the Administrative Code and the Criminal Code of the Republic of
Tajikistan can be used in order to provide execution of the copyright and related rights:
− Article 158.2 of the Administrative Code of the Republic of Tajikistan "Sale, rent or other
illegal use of copies of works or audio recording in commercial purposes":
− Sale, rent or other illegal use of copies of works or audio recording in commercial
purposes in cases if the copies of works or audio recording are counterfeited as
defined by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan on copyright and related
rights, or copies contain false information about their production and place of
production and other information which can mislead consumers or if the sign ofcopyright or related rights protection written down by the owner of copyright or
related rights was either wiped out or changed on copies of works or audio
recordings, are subject to the fine of citizens equal to 10-20 minimal wages and
officials – 20-30 minimal wages with confiscation of counterfeited copies of works or
audio recordings.
Second commission of actions during the year foreseen by the Part 1 of this Article, is subject
to the fine of citizens equal to 20-30 minimal wages and officials – 40-50 minimal wages with
confiscation of counterfeited copies of works or audio recordings.
Besides fines, Article 18 of the Law on Compet ition and Restriction of Monopolistic Activity
on Commodity Markets anticipates that in case if governmental administrative bodies, localadministrations, state antimonopoly body adopted any act in violation of the antimonopoly legislation
or non-execution or not appropriate execution by the mentioned bodies of their responsibilities or if
these actions incur damage to the economic entity or any other person, these damages should be
repaired in accordance with the civil legislation.  In case when action (lack of action) of the economic
entities violating the antimonopoly legislation incurs damages to the economic entity, the damageshould be paid by the violators in accordance with the civil legislation.
(d) Any special border measures
On 30 April 2002, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan approved resolution No. 185
"On approving the decision on Regulations for Customs Control of Transfer Across the Customs
Border of Goods Containing Intellectual Property Objects".
According to these regulations the importation to the Republic of Tajikistan and exportation
from the Republic of certain goods may be prohibited to provide the property rights for the objects ofintellectual property.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(e) Criminal procedures
The Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan (in editions of Laws of the Republic of
Tajikistan of 13 November 1998 No. 684 and of 10 December 1999 No. 877) contains provisions
defining punishment for infringement of copyright and rights of patent holders (Art. 156),
unauthorised access to computer information (Art. 298), unauthorised acquisition of computerinformation (Art. 301), unauthorised use of a trademark or a firm name (Art. 275), unauthorised
obtaining of information which constitute a commercial or bank secret (Art. 277), for disclosure of a
commercial or bank secret (Art. 278), unfair co mpetition and the deception of consumers (Art. 294).
5. Laws, decrees, regulations and other legal acts relating to the above
− Civil Code of the Republic of Tajikistan (Part I.) dated 30 June 1999. (Part II.) of
11 November 1999.
− Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan of 21 May 1998.
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Science and State Scientific and Technical
Policy of 21 May 1998.
− Law on the Press and Other Media of the Republic of Tajikistan of 14 December 1990.
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Trademarks and Service Marks of
23 December 1991.
− Law on Competition and Restriction of Antimonopoly Activity on Commodity Markets
of 29 November 2000.
− Law on Consumers' Right Protection of 15 May 1997.
− Declaration of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan Concerning International
Agreements in the Field of Industrial Property of January 1994.
− Temporary Regulations on Inventions, Utility Models and Industrial Designs, approved
by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of February 1994.
− Temporary Regulations on Appellation of Origin and Grant of the Right to Use It,
approved by Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on20 February 1995.
− Temporary Statute on the Appeal Board approv ed by the director of the National Center
for Patents and Information, dated 24 May 1996.
− Statute on Patent Attorneys of 23 May 1996.
− Temporary Statute of State Patent Fees, approved by the Decree No. 533 of the Supreme
Council of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan of 28 November 1994.
− Act of Accession to the Eurasian Patent Convention of 12 August 1995.
− Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 13 November 1998.
6. Statistical data on application for grants of  intellectual property rights, as well as any
statistical data on their enforcement
Applications for Patents for Invention
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total
Applications filed 5 193 65 171 74 46 43 52 84 733
N a t i o n a l  a p p l i c a n t s 52 43 53 02 33 73 84 58 3 3 2 0
Foreign applicants 169 30 141 51 9 5 7 1 413
Decisions to grant a
patent- - 47 77 50 38 42 43 33 330WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 85
Applications for the Registration of Industrial Designs
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Всего
Applications filed - 2 2 4 10 8 - 3 1 30
National applicants - - - - 3 2 - - - 5
F o r e i g n  a p p l i c a n t s -22476 -31 2 5
Decisions to grant a
patent- - -313831 1 9
Application for the Registration of Utility Models
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total
Applications filed - - - 1 1 2 - 7 7 18
national applicants - - - 1 1 2 - 7 7 18
f o r e i g n  a p p l i c a n t s ----------
Decisions to issue a
certificate---- 1 1- 3 1 1 1 6
Application for the Registration of Trademarks
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total
Applications
filed147 7,109 5,507 2,582 2,983 3,101 2,129 2,246 2,159 27,963
Under National
system147 2,270 1,050 468 546 464 396 378 311 6,030
domestic
applicants3 38 9 22 36 18 68 35 45 274
foreign
applicants144 2,232 1,041 446 510 446 328 343 266 5,490
Under Madrid
Agreement- 4,839 4,457 2,114 2,437 2,637 1,733 1,868 1,848 21,913
Trademarks
registered144 2,204 1,030 403 496 425 368 89 325 5,759
by domestic
applicants3 22 7 10 15 15 25 17 8 122
by foreign
applicants141 2,182 1,023 393 481 410 343 72 317 5,637
VI. TRADE-RELATED SERVICES REGIME
1. General
In the Soviet time, the state was the main service provider.  The role of private and non-
governmental sectors was limited to a minimum.  The state subsidized services.  At the same time,many social services such as health and education services were provided for free.  After gaining
independence, types and quality of rendered services significantly changed.  At the same time, the
share of services in total GDP also changed and cu rrently is equal to 37% of GDP.  Today the services
are characterized by significant cut-back of the role of the state and increase of services rendered by
private and non-governmental sectors.  At the same  time, the health and education are financed from
the state budget.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 86
2. Policies affecting trade in services
(a) Government departments, agencies, professional associations or other bodies with
authority or a role relevant to the conduct of service activities
The principal goal of the state in services is full satisfaction of consumer needs, protection of
their rights and interests, life and health, and also ensuring honest competition of service providers.The state achieves these goals through the regulation of services market via licensing of a number of
operations on the services market.  The regulation system in Tajikistan is equally applied to both local
and foreign service providers.  The application of the national regime with respect to foreign service
providers eliminates their discrimination.
Types of services requiring mandatory licensing are determined by the state.  The
Government also determines state bodies authorized to issue licenses.  Currently the following
ministries and agencies are dealing with providing and licensing of services in the Republic ofTajikistan:
− Ministry of Economy and Trade;
− Ministry of Finance;
− Ministry of Transport;
− Ministry of Energy;
− Ministry of Health;
− Ministry of Education;
− Ministry of Communications;
− Ministry of Justice;
− Ministry of Culture;
− Ministry of Agriculture;
− Ministry of Industry;
− Ministry of Water Resources;
− Ministry of Labour and Social Protection;
− National Bank of Tajikistan;
− State Unitary Tourism Enterprise "Sayoh"; and
− Committee on Architecture and Construction, Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Type of Activity Requiring Licence Responsible State Body
Searching for, exploring and exploiting mineral
deposits.The Main Geological Department within the
President of the Republic of Tajikistan
Constructing dams on rivers and reservoirs. Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Water Resources
Repairing hunting, sports and other arms; privatedetective and guard activities.Ministry of Interior
Health care and veterinarian services. Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture
Producing and trading in medicines and
pharmaceuticals; Producing perfumes, cosmetics andchemicals.Ministry of Health
Legal services. Ministry of Justice
Creation and maintenance of gaming establishments,
and organization of games of chance.Ministry of Interior
Production and showing of pornographic and erotic
movies and video products.The ban by Criminal code
Publication and/or trade in products with a
pornographic and erotic content.The ban by Criminal code
Tourism, excursion and alpine activity. Ministry of  Economy and TradeWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 87
Type of Activity Requiring Licence Responsible State Body
Aviation transportation of passengers, baggage, mail,
and goods; the conduct of aviation works; performingservices connected with the take-off or landing ofcivil aircraft; performing technical services onaircraft or aviation equipment; offering civil aviationtransportation services.
Road transportation activity and services; services
connected with such transportation;Freight forwarding services.Ministry of Transportation
Passenger transportation activity and services within
the city of Dushanbe.Dushanbe Mayoral Administration
Town-planning services; architectural design of
buildings and construction projects; implementationof construction and assembly works; certificationtesting of  building materials and components;
engineering examination of building components;
services in the repairing, restoration, reconstructionand reinforcement of buildings and structures; controlover the quality of works on  architectural design,building materials, structures, goods and
construction-assembly works.Committee Architecture and Construction works
within the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
Banking and financial services. National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ministry
of Finance
Professional services rendered in connection with the
purchase and sale of securities.State Property committee, National Bank, Ministry of
Finance
Pension fund services. Ministry of Labour and Social Security
Dissemination of printed matters Ministry of Communications
Educational services Ministry of Education
Auditing services Ministry of Finance, National Bank
Insurance services "Tojiksughurta", "Gosstrakhnadzor"
Production of topographic and geodesic airphotographs and cartographic works; geodesic
engineering research."Tajikglavgeodeziya"
Trade in alcoholic products. Corporation "Khurokvory"
Independent property appraisal services. State Property Fund
Note: More detailed information concerning types of services and licensing requirements can be found in
Annex 7 of the Memorandum.
(b) Judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures providing for the review of,
or remedies in relation to, administrative decisions affecting trade in services
In case of emergence of dispute between service providers and consumers with regard to
conditions of trade in services, parties have the right to apply to legal, arbitral, or administrative
bodies, or use administrative procedures, which affect trade in services.
A dispute may be considered by judicial, arbi tral, administrative bodies or procedures can be
used only in case if measures were taken by parties to settle a dispute in accordance with establishedorder (to lay claim on the total damage, punitive sanctions, etc.).
Mechanisms and procedures of judicial, arbi tral and administrative orders of dispute
settlement are given in section 6 of Part III of the Memorandum.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(c) Provisions, including those in intern ational agreements, concerning qualification
requirements and procedures, technical standards and licensing and/or registration
requirements for the supply of services
Information is provided in Annex 7
(d) Provisions governing the existence and opera tion of monopolies or exclusive service
suppliers
− Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Natural Monopolies"; and
− Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Competition and Restrictions of Monopolistic
Activities at Commodity Markets".
More details provided in section 2 of Part II "Competition Policy".
(e) Provisions relating to safeguard measures as they apply to trade in services
By the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On state regulation of the foreign trade activity" of
3 September 1999 it is foreseen application of safeguard measures and quantitative restrictions related
to imports of goods, services and works by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan inexceptional cases.
However, until now such measures were not applied in the Republic of Tajikistan.
(f) Provisions relating to international tran sfers and payments for current transactions in
services
No restrictions.
(g) Provisions relating to capital transactions affecting the supply of services
 No restrictions.
(h) Provisions governing the procurement by governmental agencies of services
Procurement of governmental organizations in services is regulated the same way as
procurement in goods mentioned in section 3 of Part IV.
(i) Provisions concerning any form of aid, grant, domestic subsidy, tax incentive or
promotion scheme affecting trade in services
Foreign investors and enterprises having received foreign investment and operating in free
trade zones may enjoy the following additional privileges, besides the rights and guarantees provided
by the laws of the Republic of Tajikistan:
− a favorable tax regime: foreign investors and enterprises having received foreign
investment pay lower taxes, including lower taxes on profits deposited abroad.  Theselower taxes may not be less than 50 per cent of the tax rates valid on the territory of the
Republic of Tajikistan;
− a reduced leasing rate for land and other natural resources, and the right to rent on long
terms and sublease properties which have been leased;
− a special custom regime, including decreased duties on the export and import of goods
and less complicated rules for crossing the border; and
− less complicated entry-exit visa rules.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The terms and conditions of the privileges granted in the territory of free trade zones are
decided by the Government and approved by the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan.20
3. Market access and national treatment
(a) Limitations on the number of service suppliers
No restrictions (regulated by the market).
(b) Limitations on the total value of service transactions and assets
In accordance with Article 23 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 648 "On banks
and banking activity" of 23 May 1998, the National Bank of Tajikistan can set the extent of
participation of foreign capital in the banking system of Tajikistan.  The legislation of the Republic of
Tajikistan does not foresee any other restrictions.
(c) Limitations on the total number of service op erations or on the total quantity of service
output
No restrictions.
(d) Limitations on the total number of natural persons that may be employed in a
particular service sector
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On foreign investment" it is
foreseen that participation of nationals of the Republic of Tajikistan working at the enterprises withforeign investment should be mandatory and no less than 70 per cent of total number of employees.
In accordance with Article 54 of the Air Law of the Republic of Tajikistan of
13 November 1998, the number of foreign nationals in the managerial staff of an Aviation enterprise
should not exceed one third of total number of the managerial staff.
The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On banks and banking activity" of 23 May 1998
foresees that managerial positions in foreign banks and branches operating on the territory of the
Republic of Tajikistan can be held only by nationals of the Republic of Tajikistan.  The legislation of
the Republic of Tajikistan does not foresee any other restrictions.
(e) Restrictions on, or requirements of specific types of legal entity through which a service
may be supplied
No restrictions.
(f) Limitations on the participation of foreign capital
In Article 54 of the Air Law of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 720 of 13 November 1998, it is
foreseen that creation on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan of aviation enterprise with
participation of foreign capital is allowed on the condition that the share of foreign capital does not
exceed 49 per cent of the statutory capital of the aviation enterprise.
The legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan does not foresee any other restrictions.
                                                     
20 Article 39 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Foreign Investment"WT/ACC/TJK/3
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(g) Measures providing for less than the treatmen t accorded to national services or service
suppliers
Foreign and national operators are treated equally.
4. Most-favoured-nation treatment
The Republic of Tajikistan uses most favoured nation regime in its trade with the CIS and
non-CIS countries that have agreements with Tajikistan anticipating its application.  This regime is
granted in trade-economic cooperation.  However, the regime does not cover privileges and benefits
granted by the Republic of Tajikistan to the third countries based on their participation in a customs
union or free-trade zone, in regional unions and associations with Tajikistan and also to the
neighbouring countries in order to develop the border trade.
- Legal services
Fundamentals of legal assistance in the Republic of Tajikistan are defined by the Constitution
of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Law "On Advocacy", Decrees of the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of
Tajikistan, Decrees of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan and other legislative acts of the
Republic of Tajikistan.
Issues related to advocacy activity not regulated by the above-mentioned law and other
legislative acts of the Republic of Tajikistan are regulated by the Statute of the Board of Attorneys.
Full powers of an attorney for rendering legal assistance as a representative in the
Constitutional Court and other courts on criminal, civil, and economic cases on administrative
offences, etc. are defined by the related procedural legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Physical or legal persons cannot be left without legal assistance.  The state guarantees real and
equal access to legal assistance to all people including foreigners who live or are on the territory ofTajikistan.  The state determines cases in the law when legal assistance should be rendered free of
charge.  The state guarantees necessary funding to provide needy people with legal assistance and also
to cover expenses related to legal assistance rendered free of charge in accordance with the law.
Types of legal assistance rendered by attorneys include the following:
− Advice and explanation, oral and written inquiry on legal issues;
− Drafting of complaints, petitions, claims and other legal documents;
− Enquiring, gathering information and preparing materials for consideration and resolution
in due order;
− Representing in civil cases, administrative offence cases, etc.;
− Participation in criminal proceedings, in economic disputes, and as defenders or other
representatives in the Constitutional Court; and
− Other ways of rendering assistance not contradictory to current legislation.
Legal assistance by professional lawyers who are not members of the Board of Attorneys is
rendered based on their licence.  Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan issues licenses to
provide legal assistance as an attorney based on the order set by the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan.  Everyone who claims a licence of an attorney should personally submit the applicationform, documents confirming citizenship of the Republic of Tajikistan, legal education and length of
service as a lawyer not less than two years and pass a qualifying examination in the Ministry of
Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan.  Person who meets requirements of the constitutional law "On
Advocacy" and who passed a qualifying examination cannot be denied a licence.  The issue of an
attorney licence usually takes about one month since the moment of applying.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The order and a size of payment for a licence are determined by the Ministry of Justice of the
Republic of Tajikistan in coordination with the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan.  In
case of denial of licence, the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan should inform an
applicant in writing and explain reasons.  The decision made or non-consideration of a claim can be
appealed in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Tajikistan.
It is necessary to mention that most of the lawyers are on civil service in the state bodies,
work on a contract basis in different enterprises, organizations and public offices of the country and
provide legal support to all branches of economy and public relations.
- Postal and telecommunication services
The Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Tajikistan is a state administrative body
responsible for development and implementation of the state policy in the field of communications,
postal services, and information technology, as well technological policy in radio and TVbroadcasting and their state and development.
Starting from 1996, in accordance with economic reforms in the Republic of Tajikistan, the
Ministry of Communications has institutionally and structurally been adjusted.  The following
services were singled out and have been functioning independently:
− Open Type Joint Stock Company "Tajiktelekom" (95 per cent shares belong to the State
and five per cent - to labour collectives) – in communications;
− State Department "Pochtai Tojikiston" – in postal services;
− Open Type Joint Stock Company "Tajikradiokom" (95 per cent shares belong to the State
and five per cent - to labour collectives) – in radio and TV broadcasting;
The activity of enterprises and organizations providing communications services are regulated
by the Laws of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Communications," (with regard to postal services) and
"On telecommunications", Regulation of the Ministry of Communications of the Republic of
Tajikistan, and other regulatory acts.  Currently, the draft of the new law of the Republic of Tajikistan"On postal service" is developed and should be considered and approved by the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan by the end of 2002.
The Open Type Joint Stock Company "Tajiktelekom" of the Ministry of Communications of
the Republic of Tajikistan is the national operator to provide communications services in the Republic
of Tajikistan.  Telephone, telegraph and wire broadcasting services are provided on rates approved bythe Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with the Law "On
Telecommunications" and are regulated by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan with regards
to general communications services (beginning 31 December 2003 - by the authorized body of the
Republic of Tajikistan on regulation of communication).
On the telecommunications market of the Republic of Tajikistan three companies provide
cellular radiophone services of GSM 900/1800 sta ndard, one—of AMPS standard.  Five companies
provide telematic services (including Internet, E-mail, IP-telephony).  The companies received
licenses from the Ministry of Communications for these activities.  Two companies provide trunking
services.
Assisted by international consultants, the prep aratory work is being undertaken to radically
restructure the communications sector institutionally, to identify the sector policy aiming at complete
liberalization of all communications services market  segments, to set up the competitive environment,
and to privatize traditional communications operators in the future (liberalization of international
communication services from 31 December 2006).WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The Open Type Joint Stock Company "Tajikradiokom" of the Ministry of Communications of
the Republic of Tajikistan provides services to broadcast and relay TV and radio programmes both on
the territory of Tajikistan and abroad. National TV and radio programmes are broadcasted on the rates
regulated by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with established procedure
(beginning December 31, 2003—by the authorized body of the Republic of Tajikistan on regulation ofcommunication).
TV and radio programmes of other countries on the territory of Tajikistan are broadcasted and
relayed based on relevant agreements and rates agreed. Besides, there are 20 private TV companies as
well as 2 independent FM radio stations functioning in the Republic of Tajikistan.
The national operator providing postal services in the Republic of Tajikistan is the State
Department "Pochtai Tojikiston".  The sub-branch "p ostal service" is the infrastructure sector which
provides acceptance, processing, sending, and delivery of postal messages, including writtencorrespondence (ordinary and ordered), small packages, parcels, money transfers, regular newspapers
and magazines both inside the country and with th e CIS and non-CIS countries.  In order to improve
and develop services related to money transfers 2 offices for transferring and receiving money from
abroad were established on cooperation with international company "Western Union".
In the Republic of Tajikistan all kind of communications services are regulated through
licensing.  The licensing objectives are to create conditions for communications development, to
regulate services in communications, to protect co nsumers' interests by limiting rates (tariffs) for
communications services, and to create competition among communications operators.
- Postal services:
− Periodical press (newspapers, magazines);
− Written correspondence (ordinary, registered);
− Parcels; and
− Money transfers.
- Courier services
There are subdivisions of special and courier communication (National Center of special
communication and State courier service) in the Ministry of Communications. These subdivisions
provide services to state administrative bodies, ministries, institutions, enterprises and organizations
on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan and deliver letters and special mail via couriers.
- Telecommunications, audiovisual, and other services:
− Local telephone services;
− Intra-zone telephone services;
− Intercity and international phone services;
− Services to provide for use channels and communications tracts;
− Telegraph services;
− Data transfer services;
− Telematic services (Internet, e-mail, IP-telephony, fax, teletext, videotext, audio
conference, video conference, etc);
− Mobile radiophone services;
− Cellular radiophone services;
− Personal global satellite services;
− Personal radio call services;
− Personal radio call services with dense channels of UHF FM network;WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− Radio and television broadcasting services;
− Fixed radio connection services;
− Services to provide lease of satellite, radio-relay, and radio connection channels;
− Production, construction, instalment of networks, systems and devices of
telecommunications and radio communications, TV and radio broadcasting, postalservices
− Supply, startup, and maintenance of mini telephone exchanges;
− Sales of cellular phone receivers and accessories; and
− Sales of radio-electronic means (radio stations, satellite phones, ground stations, radio
modems, etc.).
Tariffs for communications services of jurisdictional enterprises are determined by the
Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as by communications servicesenterprises in the context of nomenclature of services determined by the Ministry of Communications.
Tariffs for telecommunications and postal services are agreed with the Agency on Antimonopoly
Policy and Entrepreneurship Support under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, the state
body regulating activities of natural monopolies. According to the law of the Republic of Tajikistan
"On telecommunications" of 22 May 2002, beginning 31 December 2003 regulation of rates will beresponsibility of the authorized body of the Republic of Tajikistan on regulation of communication.
- Health services
The Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan guarantees a right to health care.  The law of
the Republic of Tajikistan No. 419 "On health protection of population" of 15 May 1997 determines
competence and responsibility of state bodies and their subdivisions in this issue.
In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, state executive bodies are
responsible for administration of the health care in the country.
The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan administers health care in the country,
activity of country's agencies, research-scientific and educational institutions of the state health care
system, analyses the state of health care, develops its policy and strategy, together with executive
bodies on the spots coordinates and controls activity of the health care system over quality of medico-
sanitary, medicinal assistance to departmental in stitutions, private health care institutions and is
responsible for development of the health care.
According to the law of the Republic of Tajikis tan "On health care of population", a right to
be engaged in medical or pharmaceutical activity in the Republic of Tajikistan have persons
possessing higher or secondary medical or pharmaceutical education and in certain types of activity
approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan –also a certificate of specialist and alicence.
The private system of health care consists of medical-preventive, pharmaceutical, research-
scientific, and educational institutions established and funded by private companies, institutions and
organizations, public associations and also individuals.
The right to private medical practice has a person possessing diplomas on higher or special
medical education and not less than the highest qualification category in the relevant area and also a
certificate of specialist and a licence for the selected type of activity.  The licence for the private
medical practice is issued in the order established by the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Prohibition on private medical practice can be imposed by the decision of the body which issued a
licence for a private medical practice or a court.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The law of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 39 "On medicines and pharmaceutical activity" of
6 August 2001 regulates relations in the area of medicines and pharmaceutical activity which are
implemented through the following:
− State registration of medicines;
− Licensing of pharmaceutical activity;
− Attestation and certification of specialists in the area of pharmaceutical activity; and
− State control over production, quality, effectiveness and safety of medicines.
- Education services
Educational system in the Republic of Tajikistan is regulated by the law of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On education" of 27 December 1993.
Main principles of the state policy in the area of education are the following:
− Providing mandatory basic general education, availability for all of secondary general or
initial vocational education and competitive basis of other levels of education;
− Free secondary general and higher professional education (first professional degree) of
each level in state or private educational institution.
In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, the single system of
continuous education is functioning in the country, which provides citizens with comprehensive,
professional and special education, and training's and re-training's of specialists.  The following
institutions are educational:
− Preschool;
− General;
− Specialized educational institutions;
− Adult education;
− Vocational (primary, secondary special, higher, apprenticeship complexes, etc.); and
− Institutions of additional education and educational services.
Educational institutions can be:
− Public and non-public;
− Fee-paying and free; and
− Commercial and non-commercial.
There are 3,642 schools providing compulsory education, of which 660 are primary schools,
835 - nine-year schools, 2,018 - comprehensive education schools, 117 – grammar schools and
lyceums, 11 - schools for handicapped children, and seven - non-public schools.  There are four non-
public higher education institutions.  All non-public (private) education institutions should obtain
licenses from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tajikistan.
A public or non-public education institution prov ides nine-year education mandatory for all
citizens.
The Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tajikistan licenses services and activities in
education.  The Ministry, issues licenses for opening of educational institutions, changing their status
and profile, issues letters of credit for opening of educational institutions, changing their status and
profile, sets educational standards for all educational institutions.  Besides, the Ministry sets someother mandatory requirements which should be obeyed by private educational institutions in order toWT/ACC/TJK/3
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obtain a licence (i.e. requirements on financial situation of the institution, qualification of teachers,
quantity of teachers, and their adequacy to financial resources).
There are no limitations and special requirements related to foreign participation in education
activities.
Enrolment in the institutions of higher education as of the beginning of the school year:
 (in thousands)
2000/2001 2001/2002
Number of institutions of higher education 30∗ 30∗
Students 77.700 84.200
∗ including branches
Enrolment in the institutions of secondary education (except for vocational schools) as of
beginning of school year:
 (in thousands)
2000/2001 2001/2002
Number of institutions of secondary vocational education 53∗ 50∗
Students 25.300 23.800
∗ including branches
Beside this, the Ministry of labour and social protection of population provides educational
services in the field of early professional (vocational) education. At present the Ministry has 55
vocational and technical schools, 16 junior high schools, one higher educational college, one special
vocational-technical school, one evening vocational school which at present educates 25,243 scholars
in 160 professions.  The duration of the education varies from one to three years and is state
subsidized.
Also these establishments provide training and retraining services to the population in three
training centers and 44 vocational schools, where annually 3,000 to 10,000 unemployed persons
receive a professional education.
- Banking services
Laws of the Republic of Tajikistan "On the National Bank of Tajikistan," "On banks and
banking activity," and "On foreign exchange regulation and control" serve as a legal basis for
organization and activity of banking services market in the Republic of Tajikistan.  Entitiescooperating in this market have potential to freely satisfy all their financial needs.  All services
included in the nomenclature of banking and other financial services are covered by banking services.
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Banks and Banking Activity,"
Article 2, banking services include the following activities:
− Savings of legal entities;
− Savings of individuals;
− Maintenance of accounts of clients, banks, and non-banking financial institutions, as well
as coinage of banks;
− Treasury transactions, such as acceptance, counting, exchange, packing, storing of paper
money and coinage;WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− Transfers, fulfilment of orders of legal entities and individuals with regard to money
transfers;
− Discount transactions: bill and other debentures discounting of legal entities and
individuals;
− Credit transactions; granting credits;
− Provision of funds following orders of owners or authorized investment funds;
− Trust transactions; management of funds, securities for the benefit and following an
instruction of the proxy;
− Legal transactions such as collection, examination, differentiation by type and approval of
payments, as well as mutual payments and defining positions of clearing participants;
− Safe transactions, such as storing documents and valuables of clients, lease of safe boxes,
apartments, etc.;
− Lombard transactions, granting short-term credits based on pledge of securities and
liquidity property;
− Issuing checks;
− Collection orders, acceptance, payment and approval of payment documents, opening and
approving commercial letters of credits;
− Issue of payment cards;
− Acceptance and sending paper money, coins and valuables; and
− Exchange transactions with a foreign currency.
Only the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan is entitled to issue licenses for other
banks, legal entities, and individuals to perform the above-mentioned operations.
Due to lack of necessary demand, required material-technical capabilities, trained personnel
and organizational structures of suppliers a number of banking services is not offered in practice.
Two-level banking system was established and functioning on the following basis:
− The National Bank of Tajikistan (NBT) is on the first level and is the central bank of the
country.  It is the central bank of issue, which also licenses, regulates and controlsbanking activity.  The NBT sets rules, order, requirements and standards for offered
banking and other financial services.  The NBT issues licenses to banks and permits forbanking operations and deals in national and foreign currencies.  The NBT is also a
financial agent and a banker of the Government providing it with the full range of
banking and financial services.
− Thirteen banks and one branch of a foreign bank and three credit unions created on the
basis of all types of ownership are on the second level.  Predominant form—joint stock
open-end and closed-end companies.  One State Savings bank is functioning and also thestate has shares of many commercial banks.  Besides, one branch of foreign bank is
functioning.
According to the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On banks and banking activity"
commercial banks have a right to provide full range of banking and financial services satisfying world
banking practice.  Minimal authorized capital equal to US$3 million (as of 1 January 2003) andrequired organizational-technical and personnel capabilities are conditions for this.
Basically, commercial banks of the Republic of Tajikistan provide deposit and credit
(financial) services, cash, accounting and transfer services, intermediation in securities and foreign
currency sales in exchange and non-exchange markets for clientele and themselves, broking services
on monetary market, and issuance of guarantees.  These services are provided both in national and inforeign currencies.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The NBT is the main state body regulating banking services market.  Laws of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On the National Bank of Tajikistan," "On banks and banking activity," and "On foreign
exchange regulation and control" give to the NBT full authority on licensing of activity of institutions
providing banking services, on setting up economic standards and requirements to them, on creation
of mechanism of payments, transfers and clearing, on organization of cash and cashless circulation, onmonitoring activity of banking services providers, on their liquidation or recall of licenses and
permits.
The NBT sets up general rules in this market without interference in operational activity of
banking services providers—banks and non-banking financial institutions.
The main regulation mechanism is setting up of mandatory economic standards and
application of direct administrative measures in extreme cases.  Economic standards are the
following:
− Minimal size of the authorized capital for newly created banks, minimal size of a net
worth for active crediting institutions;
− Sufficient capital standard;
− Bank liquidity standard;
− Maximum size of a risk per borrower or a group of borrowers;
− Maximum size of a large credit risk;
− Standard of use of bank assets for purchasing shares of other legal persons;
− Maximum size of credits, guarantees provided by a bank to its participants (shareholders,
stockholders) and insiders;
− Mandatory standards;
− Maximum size of non-liquid part of authorized capital; and
− Size of foreign exchange, interest rate and other types of risk are set up by the other
regulatory acts of the National Bank of Tajikistan.
The Savings bank as well as the state is a shareholder in many commercial banks.
- Transport services
Transport complex of Tajikistan includes motor, air and railway transport and road facilities.
The following normative acts regulate the activity of transport in the Republic of Tajikistan:
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On transport"
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On certification of production and services"
− The Air Code of the Republic of Tajikistan
− The Statute of automobile roads of the Republic of Tajikistan
− The Statute of the railway transport of the Republic of Tajikistan
− The Regulation No. 485 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of
29 December 2000 "On the Ministry of transport"
− The Regulation No. 252 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 11 June 2001
"On the transport inspectorate under the Ministry of transport of the Republic ofTajikistan".
Motor transport is the most widely used and delivers passengers and goods to practically all
the regions of the Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Despite the fact that demand for passenger and cargo transport is much less than in 1992,
transport agencies have such a number of vehicles, which considerably exceeds real demand
(exceptions are buses and trolley buses).
The majority of buses and trucks were purchased in the Soviet time and have almost exceeded
service period.  According to an official estimate, only 45.5 per cent of public motor pool is in propercondition.
The motor transport branch was considerably denationalised and privatized.  Currently,
around 70 per cent of total motor pool is private vehicles, which is a natural outcome of privatization
and entrepreneurial activity development in motor transport.
Such a radical transformation allowed not only to preserve motor transport of the country, but
also served as impetus for its development.  It is worth mentioning that urban passenger transportation
has always been operating at a loss.  Under cr eated economic environment, it turned out to be
attractive for private business.
Most transportation companies have the similar pool comprising of medium carrying capacity
trucks.  Currently they are in commercial demand.  High is the demand in the market for dump trucks,
vans, refrigerators, and motor tanks.
The share of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs in goods turnover in
transportation has considerably increased.  They deliver a substantial portion of international and
Intercity goods.
- Air transport
Dynamics of main indicators in air transport show a tendency that the flow of goods and
passengers' traffic in 1991-2000 drastically decreased.  Similar is the tendency with respect to goodsand passengers' turnover in air transport.  Thus, goods traffic in 2000 was 18 per cent compared to
1991, and passenger traffic – 10 per cent.
Aviation operations are performed by the State Company "Tojikiston" both inside and outside
of the country.  International flights are carried out from Dushanbe and Khujand.  Currently,
specifications of the airport in Kulob also allo w landing large planes and performing international
flights.
Tojikiston Air Company has 85 aircraft, out of which 41 were produced in the 1970-1980s.
Total length of airlines is 53.9 thousand km., out of which 28.4 thousand km. are within CIS
countries, 3.5 thousand km. - local airlines, and 29.0 thousand km. - international lines to the non-CIS
countries.
Tojikiston Air Company has flights to the United Arabic Emirates, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey,
India, Iran, several cities of Russia, Almay, and Bicker.
Taking into account rehabilitation of some local routes, it is expected that the average carriage
distance per passenger will be decreased to some extent and stabilized.
Air transport does not play a substantial role in international goods conveyance.  Agricultural
aviation has almost stopped functioning.  In 2000, aviation carried 2,000 tons of goods and performed
31.58 million ton-km., which is inconsiderable in total traffic and goods turnover of the transportcomplex.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The reasons for inconsiderable passenger conveyance are that income of the majority of
population is extremely low compared to the average air tariff.
Currently, 37 per cent out of the total number of aircraft are in good-order and 59 per cent -
helicopters.  The average age of planes is more than 20 years.  With the resource of 25 years, the
aircraft pool deterioration in Tajikistan is more than 90 per cent.  There is deficit of aircraftscomplying with modern technical-economic standards.   Renewal of the aircraft pool is practically
stopped.
With purpose to reform air transport, it is planned to sale shares of Tojikiston State Air
Company.  Air space is being open to ensure comp etitiveness of the national air carrier in the
international market.
- Railway transport
Railways in the Republic of Tajikistan are an important strategic part of the economy.
Geographically, it consists of three sections:  Northern section is in Sughd region, Central section – in
Dushanbe, and Southern section - in Khatlon region.  All three sections are isolated from each other.
They are connected through the territory of other countries (Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan).  Railways
play a considerable role in transport infrastructure.  Railways carry 90 per cent of all external goods.
In 2000, goods turnover by railway out of total goods turnover by all kinds of transport in theRepublic of Tajikistan was 56.3 per cent, and out of total goods traffic five per cent.
As of 1 January 2001, the freight car pool was 2,015 units, of which 442 were roofed cars,
234 - platforms, 522 – un-roofed cars, 106 - tanks, 212 - isothermal cars, and 499 - other cars.  The
standard service period for such cars is 32 years.  As of 1 January 2001, the average age of these cars
is 23 years, out of which one third is not usable.
The similar situation is with the passenger car pool.  As of 1 January 2001, the total passenger
car pool was 300 units, out of which 139 are compartment cars, 117 - ordinary cars, 10 – sleepers, 11
- restaurants-cars, 15  - luggage cars, four - special technical cars, two - power station-cars, and one -
interregional car.  All the passenger car pool belongs to Dushanbe passenger car depot.  The average
car age (mentioned above) is 19.6 years.
Currently, there is 860.5 km. of railways, out of which 597.9 km. are total length of principal
ways.  The annual repair norm required is 231 km  with wooden crossties a nd 87 km with concrete
crossties.  Every three years the lifting repair is planned.  It includes 180 km of annual repair of
railways with wooden crossties.  Every nine years the medium repair is made.  It covers 90 km of
wooden crosstie railways and 45 km of concrete crosstie railways annually.  In addition, every 12
years capital repair of railways is required, which is 93 km of wooden crosstie railways and 44 km -
of concrete crossties railways.  In the last three years, due to lack of funds, the railway repair requiredwas not conducted.
The current locomotive pool consists of 57 diesel locomotives.  Their average age is 20 years.
Prior to 1 January 2001, length of service of 21 diesel locomotives had expired.
Electric supplies, signalling, and communication at railway transport have continually been
functioning without repair and renewal.  Some equipment has morally and physically deteriorated.Thus, communications lines (cable and air), transmission lines, and substations 6-10/0.4 kwt. built 25
years ago have practically worked out their resource. The electric supply line Bekabad - Kanibadam
has been used for 38 years while standard length of service is 20 years.  The existing communications
cable between Hoshady and Qurghonteppa stations was laid out in 1972.  It has been used for 28 years
while standard length of service is 25 years.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Currently, railway transport is in extremely bad situation, which requires substantial technical
reconstruction and structural adjustment.  For this, the following tasks should be performed:
− Renew the branch production and technical facilities;
− create favorable conditions to attract private investment; and
− ensure financial transparency of all kind of activities, including the introduction of
specific financial accounting.
The underlying principles of further reforms in railways are to:
− Divide functions of state management and economic activity at railways;
− Divide primary (related to carriage) and non-primary kind o f activities;
− Separate the majority of ancillary and servicing enterprises and their privatization;
− For self-finance railway enterprises, tariffs, taking into account budget subsidies, should
ensure full repayment of economically justified costs and expanded reproduction.
To date, the major problem is that the costs used as a basis for tariff scales in Price-list 10-01,
in effect since 1997, was calculated under average ne twork conditions of Soviet  times.  All railways
were quite different than now with regard to cargo flow structure, average distances, and average
cargo weight in total traffic.  The price structure of goods and services carried by railways was also
different.  Therefore, the current price-list does not reflect real transportation costs.
Thus, the labour productivity per worker in million of ton-km. in 2000 was 12 per cent of the
level of 1991.
- Highways
Highways are one of the most important elements of transport complex of Tajikistan. Under
present conditions, efficiency of functioning and sustainable development of which are substantialfactors of stabilization and transition to economy growth and improvement of living standards and
conditions of the population.
The geographical situation of Tajikistan in the center of the Central Asia creates favourable
preconditions to use transport on transcontinental routes in Asia and Europe in future most of which
should include part of the Tajik road network.
The effective and efficient use of motor transport is ensured by relevant infrastructure, which
includes, first of all, network of highways.
Total length of highways in the country is more than 30,000 km., out of which 13,612 km. are
general use highways, including 4,732 km. of country importance highways, and 8,880 km of local
highways.  The highway density in the count ry is 0.095 km/km² and 2.27 km/thousand people.
General use highways under the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Tajikistan are 13
12 km, out of which roads with asphalt-concrete cover are 10,157 km, roads covered with road metaland gravel are 2,527 km, soil roads are 928 km, and bridges are 36,567 running meters.
The majority of highways are located in mountains. Due to land deficit, they are laid up along
slopes feet or mountainous rivers continually being affected by landslides, stone falls, mudflows,
floods, and other natural disasters.
In the last years, highways in Tajikistan are characterized by progressing loss of carrying
capacity.  Most of the roads in the country (more than 80 per cent) were designed and constructed in
the 1960-1980s when norms allowed a vehicle axle load of no more than six tons.  However, in theWT/ACC/TJK/3
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last years all the vehicles enormously changed.  Modern and highly effective trucks and buses very
often have axle loads of more than ten tons.  Runn ing of such vehicles often leads to intensive damage
to highways.
Annual technical inspection showed that only 20 per cent of all roads might be considered
solid and even.  Most of the republican importance roads have detrimental defects.  Another part is atthe before destruction stage.
Up to 30 per cent of bridges and viaducts of Tajikistan's highways do not correspond to
modern carrying capacity requirements (the norm is 30 tons).  Around seven per cent is in emergency
state.
With expanding of interstate economic ties, the good flows among countries will be
dynamically developing.
Constructions and rehabilitation of highways, creation of modern transport corridors, and
filling them with transpor t flows is real perspective to ensure  economic growth in industrial and
agrarian production, solve the employment problem and expand mutually beneficial ties.
- Construction services
Committee on architecture and construction under the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan use in their activity the following laws and regulations of the Republic of Tajikistan:
− Law "On architecture and town planning";
− Law "On individual housing construction";
− Law "On economic responsibility of enterprises, institutions and organizations for
infringements of law in construction and construction materials industry"; and
− Regulation No. 533 of the Government of Tajikistan "Regulation on the Department of
the state non-departmental expertise of projects" of 25 December 1997
- Construction standards and rules:
− Regulation No. 211 of the Government of Tajikistan "On state licensing of construction
activity on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan" of 6 May 1997;
− Regulation No. 544 of the Government of Tajikistan "On approval of the regulation "On
state construction control bodies of the Republic of Tajikistan" of 25 December 1997;
− Land Code of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Housing Code of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On status of the capital of the Republic of Tajikistan";
− Law "On certification of production and services"; and
− Law "On government procurement of goods, works and services" and other legal and
regulatory acts.
- Licensing services of the construction activity
Main laws and rules regulating providing of services in construction are the following:
− Law No. 440 "On town planning" of 15 May 1997;
− Law No. 445 "On economic responsibility for infringements of law in construction and
construction materials industry" of 15 May 1997; and
− Regulation "On state licensing of construction activity on the territory of Tajikistan"
approved on 6 May 1997 by the Decree No. 211.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Regulation "On state licensing of construction activity on the territory of Tajikistan" is
applied to all local and foreign organizations, companies, firms, enterprises and other legal entities
involved in construction activity in accordance with nomenclature of works and approved classifier.
Physical persons are mentioned in the list of subjects who need a licence.  In practice, the rules with
regard to them are not applied since there the order of registration and issuance of licenses to physicalpersons does not exist.
Currently the law "On licensing on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan" is being
designed for consideration in the Majlisi Milli and the Majlisi Oli.
Since 1997 licenses of construction activity are issued by the Committee on architecture and
construction under the Government of Tajikistan.  The licence gives a right to an organization only on
types of works especially indicated in the annex to the licence.  The licence is issued for one year and
has to be extended annually.
General rules of construction licensing are in the Regulation, based on which foreign legal
entities and joint ventures receive licenses on the same conditions and in the same order as legal
entities of the Republic of Tajikistan.  Licenses of legal and physical entities of the CIS countries and
other states intending to implement construction activity on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan
are recognized in accordance with Intergovernmenta l agreements and have to be registered in the
licensing center of the Committee on architecture and construction.  These rules aimed at the policy of
further development of construction and attraction of foreign investment in construction complex of
the Republic of Tajikistan.
- Services on State expertise of construction projects
The Department of State non-departmental expertise of construction projects under the
Committee on architecture and construction of the Republic of Tajikistan is functioning in accordance
with Decree No. 553 of the Government of Tajikistan of December 1997.  This Department carries
out the state expertise of project feasibility studies on construction, expansion, reconstruction and
technical upgrade of enterprises, buildings and constructions irrespective of financing sources of
construction and ownership forms of objects (construction projects) on the territory of Tajikistan.
Decision of the Department is a basis for approval of construction projects in established
order and is a mandatory document for execution by customers, contractors and other organizations
concerned.
Also in accordance with the Law No. 445 of the Republic of Tajikistan "On economic
responsibility for infringements of Law in construction and construction materials industry" of
15 May 1997 and in order to regulate and exclude infringements of law in construction of objects on
the territory of the country, all customers irrespective of financing sources should submit to the Stateexpertise the project dossier of construction objects for consideration before beginning of
construction.
The state expertise is carried out in order to avoid construction and operation of objects that
do not meet requirements of construction standards and rules.  The expertise is carried out by
qualified specialists from different projects of ministries and organizations concerned.
- State construction inspection
Main documents regulating quality control of buildings and constructions are the following:
− Law No. 445 "On economic responsibility for infringements of law in construction and
construction materials industry" of 15 May 1997; andWT/ACC/TJK/3
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− Law "On architecture and town planning".
The bodies of the state control are:
− State Construction Inspection, oblast, city, and district construction inspections;
− State architecture and construction control bodies; in the cities and districts where there
are no State architecture and construction control bodies departments of architecture and
town planning, and chief architects of these cities and districts implement their functions;
and
− State Construction Inspection of the Comm ittee on architecture and construction under
the Government of Tajikistan is responsible for methodical management and control over
the activity of local bodies of the State Construction Control, coordination and direction
of their activity on improvement of quality of construction and construction materials.
State Construction Control bodies use in their activity the Constitution of the Republic of
Tajikistan, laws of the Republic of Tajikistan, Decrees of the Majlisi Oli and the President
of Tajikistan, instructions of the Committee on architecture and construction under theGovernment of Tajikistan, and other documents.
- Services of travel bureau's and tourist agencies
The Republic of Tajikistan has rich historical and cultural heritage, unique natural and
recreational possibilities, which attracts foreign tourists, mostly alpinists, mountainous and ecological
tourists.
The current state of tourism in the Republic of Tajikistan, due to a number of objective
reasons related to, first of all, the political situation in the region, anti-terrorist operations inAfghanistan, still does not hold the leading place in the economy of the country as in other developing
countries of the world.  In transition period, the country inherited a destroyed system of socially
oriented tourism, which does not correspond to the market economy requirements.  Prior to 1996, the
sector was developing chaotically and development was mostly commercially oriented. When a
government management body in the field tourism was created, the required legislative andnormative-legal basis regulating tourist activities in the country was set up.
In 1991, the Parliament of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted the Law "On Tourism", which
defines legal, social, and institutional fundamentals, unified rules of tourist activities.  The law grants
equal opportunities for domestic and foreign economic agents, secures protection of their rights and
interests.  In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Tourism," Article 9, toprotect rights and interests of the state in the field of tourism, as well as tourist enterprises and
tourists, licensing of tourist activities and certification of tourist products and services are performed.
Moreover, the law specifies that legal entities and individuals, regardless of the form of property, be
obliged to have a licence of the government management body in the field of tourism to conduct
tourist activities.  Present legislation, as well as normative-legal basis does not restrict entitlements offoreign tourist companies to implement tourist activities in the country.
Besides, current taxation legislation is not attractive for foreign investment in tourism
infrastructure.
Activation of the government policy in the field of tourism, its prioritisation in the economy
sector, advertisement of tourist through participation at international tourist fairs, and events arrangedby the World Tourist Organization allowed, to a certain  extent, to increase a flow of foreign tourists to
the Republic of Tajikistan, whose quantity currently exceeds 5,000 (compared with 1996, it was only
700 tourists), and to expand tourist services.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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At present, the majority of tourist companies are still busy with arranging commercial trips of
citizens of Tajikistan abroad generating its basic income.
Due to low income of population and high servicing prices, domestic tourism remains
underdeveloped.
The existing state of tourism in the Republic o Tajikistan permits to arrive at a conclusion that
on condition that this sector acquires the status of a priority direction in the economy, formation of the
"favorable investment climate", simplification of visa, border, and customs formalities, and reduction
of transportation costs, tourism may turn into a revenue part of the country's budget.  Currently, 12
tourist enterprises are functioning in the Republic of Tajikistan, including a representation office of
the British tourist company "The Great Game Travel Company Ltd."  Five tourist enterprises are
engaged in entry tourism and participate in intern ational tourist fairs.  The government enterprise
"Sayоh" represents interests of the Republic of Tajikistan in the World Tourist Organization being an
associated member of this non-government international organization and a member of the Working
Committee on Tourism of the Organization of Islamic Conference.  This created necessary conditions
to both benefit from the world experience and actively participate in events aimed at increase of
tourist flows in countries which simplify visa, border, and customs formalities, and use established
international standards.
Tourist enterprises in Tajikistan provide for foreign and domestic tourists the following
services:
− Transportation:  (flights performed by the State Air Company "Tojikiston," transportation
by road within the country, transportation by horse when arranging horse routes) Thecosts, except for air tickets, vary from US$10 to US$15.  When arranging transportation
by air, one should take into account a differential in air tickets prices for foreign citizens,which exceeds twice air tickets prices for Tajikistani citizens.
− Hotels:
− Tajikistan Hotel is for 400 beds.  Prices vary from US$55 to US$130 per person.
Breakfast included.
− Avesto Hotel is for 180 beds. Prices vary from US$65 to US$140 per person.  No
breakfast included.
− Dushanbe Hotel is for 150 beds.  Prices vary from US$35 to US$60 per person,
excluding breakfast.
− Leninabad Hotel is located in Khujand, Sughd region.  The hotel has 180 beds.  Prices
vary from US$30 to US$45 per person. No breakfast included.
− Khujand Hotel is situated in Chkalovsk, Sughd region. The hotel has 150 beds and
prices vary from US$12 to US$18 per person. No breakfast included.
− Khatlon Hotel is in Kulob, Khatlon region, it has 45 beds and the price is US$20. Full
board.
− Kairakkum Rest House is situated on the Tajik sea in the Sughd region.  The rest
house is for 120 beds.  The price is US$25.  No meals included.
− Artuch Tourist Base. Located in Panjakent district of the Sughd region. 50 beds.  The
price is US$20.  Full board.
− A five star hotel is at present being constructed.
− Excursion services.  Provided by tourist enterprises. Prices from US$10 to US$25 per
person.  In 2001, excursion services were provided to 580 tourists to the sum of
US$1,200.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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In order to protect the environment from man's impact the ecological fees, mandatory fees for
climbing the mountains and use of nature during tourist activity were set up:
− the right of climbing the mountains from 6,000 m. and higher –the sum equal to US$100
per tourist in national currency according to the exchange rate of the National Bank ofTajikistan on the day of payment; organization of trekking and climbing the mountains
lower than 6,000 m. – the sum equal US$50 per tourist in national currency according tothe exchange rate of the National Bank of Tajikistan on the day of payment.
− use of nature during organization of mountai n climbing and mountain tourism -US$1/day
per foreign tourist in national currency according to the exchange rate of the National
Bank of Tajikistan on the day of payment.
− Reporting in the field of tourism corresponds to international standards specified by the
World Tourist Organization.
The Republic of Tajikistan has signed nine agreements on cooperation in tourism with
selected CIS countries, Turkey, India, and China. Agreements signed within the Euro Asian Economic
Commonwealth and the Central Asian Economic Community set up conditions to jointly host foreign
tourists.
VII. INSTITUTIONAL BASE FOR TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH
THIRD COUNTRIES
1. Bilateral or plurilateral agreements relating to foreign trade in goods and trade in
services
In accordance with the Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan,
"International legal acts, recognized by the Republic of Tajikistan, are part of the legal system of
Tajikistan.  In case of divergence between legal acts of Tajikistan and International legal acts the
provisions of International legal acts will prevail".  Therefore, in case of setting up in the legal acts of
Tajikistan norms, which are in contradiction wi th internationally recognized commitments of
Tajikistan, the conditions of international agreements will be in force.
Signing of Bilateral and Plurilateral trade agreements is part of the external economic policy
of Tajikistan.  Agreements set up the basic principle of carrying out foreign trade practices and
provide for implementation of MFN treatment.
At present, Tajikistan has entered into 16 bi lateral agreements, providing MFN Treatment,
with following countries:
− Austria, 24 February 1994;
− Afghanistan, 22 December 1993;
− Hungary, 22 April 1996;
− Vietnam, 19 January 1999;
− Kuwait, 18 April 1995;
− Pakistan, 1 June 1992;
− Romania, 20 July 1992;
− Syria, 29 March 1992;
− Slovakia, 14 February 1994;
− India, 15 February 1993;
− IR of Iran, 18 July 1995;
− PR of China, 16 September 1996;
− United States of America, 1 July 1993;
− Turkey, 3 April 1993;WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− Czech Republic, 11 February 1994;
− Yugoslavia, 27 December 1995.
(b) Economic integration, customs union and free-trade area agreements
- Agreements on economic integration
The Agreement on establishment of the Euro-Asian Economic Community was signed on
10 October 2000.  With the aim of providing dynamic development by the means of co-ordination of
social-economic reforms, under efficient use of the economic potential of the countries andimprovement of the living standards of their nations, the Republic of Tajikistan, the Russian
Federation, the Republic of Kazakstan, the Republic of Belarus, and the Kyrgyz Republic agreed on
the establishment of the Euro-Asian Economic Community.
The aims and objectives of the Community are the process of effective promotion and
formation of the Customs Union and Common economic space and realization of other goals and
objectives, determined in the Agreements on the Customs Union, and the Agreement on deepening of
the economic and humanitarian integration.
For this purpose within the Community, the following bodies have been established:
− Interstate Council – the supreme body of the Community, which includes the Heads of
States and Heads of Governments of the Parties;
− Integration Committee – the permanent executive body of the Community, headed by the
Secretary General. The staff quotas of each country in the Integration Committee isdetermined on the basis of their budget contributions;
− Inter-parliamentary Assembly - the body of Parliamentary cooperation and is formed
from parliamentarians of the Parties;
− Community Court – provides uniform application of the Agreement and other functioning
in the framework of the Community agreements by the Parties. The Court also considerseconomic disputes, arising between the Parties of the Agreement and other agreements in
the framework of the Community as well as provides explanations and conclusions.
- Agreements on Custom Union
Agreement on joining of the Republic of Tajikistan to agreements on the Customs Union of
6 and 20 January 1995 was signed on 26 February 1999. In accordance with Article 1 of the
Agreement, the Republic of Tajikistan joins agreements and assumes in full the rights and
commitments arising from those agreements, as well as from the decisions of the Integration
managing bodies and other documents related to aims, principles, conditions and steps of forming and
functioning of the Customs Union.
In accordance with this Agreement, the Republic  of Tajikistan to full extent introduces the
free trade regime, without any exceptions and restrictions, in bilateral trade-economic relations with
member countries.  At present, the free trade regime is used in trade between the member countries,
the process of unification and harmonization of the customs legislation, formulation of the common
custom tariff and rules of customs declaration and control is going on.
- Agreement on the Customs Union and the Common Economic Area
The Agreement determined main principles, goals, objectives and phases of formation of the
Common Economic Area.  The first phase assumes completing of formation of the Customs Union
and the creation of a common customs area.  The second stage provides for the establishment of the
Common Economic Area, including establishment of the common market of goods, services (Labour)WT/ACC/TJK/3
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and capital, implementation of a common economic policy, creation of common infrastructure,
rapprochement and unification of the legislation of the Parties.
Completing of the formation of the Customs Union presumes the establishment of the
common customs area which includes customs areas of the Parties in respect to which the Common
customs tariff will be applicable.  At the same time, the application of a common order of non-tariffregulation will be provided, common customs policy carried out, centralization of the operation of the
customs bodies achieved, customs control at internal customs borders eliminated, and trade regimes
with third countries and their associations unified.
In order to set up common rules of tariff regulation, the Parties adopted the Agreement on a
common customs tariff, which will reflect common rates of tariff duties and the coordinated system of
preferences in respect of third countries.  At present, the process of the intensive unification and
binding of tariffs between the member states is being carried out.  The member states took measuresto achieve common approaches in respect of non-tariff measures.
With the aim of unification of trade regimes, applicable to third countries, the Parties started
working on the draft of the Protocol on application of an agreed list of exceptions from free trade
regime.  It is foreseen to carry out a coordinated policy between the member states during the
accession to the WTO.  The last phase of the formation of the Customs Union is creation of acommon customs area.
Agreement on common measures of non-tariff regulation during formation of the Customs
Union of 22 October 1997 (entered into force on 15 July 1999)
In accordance with the current agreement, the following common principles and approaches
of the foreign trade regulation through non-tariff measures were set up:
− State monopoly on export and/or import of selected goods;
− Export control;
− Quantitative restriction of the export and/or Import;
− Prohibition and limitation of the Export and/or Import;
− Participation in execution of international economic sanctions;
− Technical, pharmaceutical, sanitary, veterinary, phytosanitary and ecological standards
and requirements; and
− Control over the quality of imported goods.
Currently, the member states work on the legal support and unification based on common
principles.  At the same time, the lists of goods to which the non-tariff measures of regulation will be
applied are being developed.
- Agreement on Common Customs tariff of the Customs Union member states of
17 February 2000
The above mentioned agreement, sets up types of duty rates and mechanism of custom
valuation based on the Fundamentals of the customs legislation of the CIS countries of
10 February 1995 (see sub-section h of Import Regu lation). Formation of the common customs tariff
should be done stage by stage, taking into consideration:
− Consecutive involvement of the Republic of Tajikistan in the formation of the Basic list
of the customs tariffs; and
− Amendments and improvement of the Basic list of the custom tariffs.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Amendments and improvement of the Basic list should be done on the basis of:
− List of goods in respect of which the divergence in import tariff does not exceed
five per cent; and
− List of goods in respect of which the divergence in import tariff exceeds five per cent.
In accordance with Article 8 of the Agreement the member states during the transition period
of formation of the Common customs tariff annually will register a list of the sensitive goods for each
country. For these goods, the member states can make changes and amendments in tariffs during thewhole period of transition. At the same time, the member states should inform the Integration
Committee about such changes. Currently for the Republic of Tajikistan the Aluminum Oxide
(CCFEA CIS code No. 281820000) is considered a sensitive commodity.
Article 11 of the Agreement stipulates application of preferences in trade with developing and
least developed countries. At present, Tajikistan applies the preferential treatment in trade with 45
least developed countries in accordance with the Government Resolution No. 187 "On customs tariff
in the Republic of Tajikistan" of 30 April 2002.
Article 13 of the Agreement forbids application of individual tariff benefits granted to foreign
trade participants.  In accordance with the Agreement on market access regulation measures of
Customs Union Member states of October 6, 2000, in trade in goods and services, originating from
third countries and goods and services produced and/or sold with participation of economic agents
from third countries through the territory of a Customs Union member state, the Republic ofTajikistan, as a member country, will provide the same regime as the other member states.  It means
that in such cases each member of the Union during the introduction of any kind of measures, related
to market access in the country, has to ensure that it is agreed upon with other member countries
before its implementation.
Other Agreements and Treaties are mentioned in Annex 8 of the Memorandum.- Free trade zone agreements
Agreement on establishment of a free trade zone between the CIS countries of 15 April 1994
(changes and amendments were made through the Protocol on changes and amendments of
2 April 1999).
In order to achieve the goals of this agreement the member states shall provide:
− Gradual elimination of custom duties, taxes and charges, having equivalent effect, also
quantitative restrictions in mutual trade;
− Elimination of other barriers having an effect on free movement of the goods and
services; and
− Coordination of the trade policy in respect of third countries, which are not members of
the Agreement.
The trade regime in respect of non-participating countries each Party determines
independently.
The Agreement sets up the main principles of levying customs duties, taxes and charges
having equal effect, introduction of quantitative restrictions, technical barriers and other similar
measures; unification and harmonization of customs procedures, application and book keeping of the
commodity nomenclature based on the Harmonized System; internal taxes in respect of goods
originating in member states, export and other subs idies, rules implementing state regulation of trade.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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At present, some results have been achieved in respect of implementation of this agreement:
the customs legislation in all of the member states, rules on customs declaration and control,
collection of indirect taxes in the country of origin, implementation and application of the commodity
nomenclature, transit issues and others were unified. These measures positively influenced the trade
development between the member states.  But there still are some problems which block fullrealization of the agreement, such as full conversion to the mechanism of indirect taxation in country
of destination, transit and export control issues, minimization of exceptions from free trade regime,
payment and account mechanism in trade, and tariff policy in member states.
Furthermore, Bilateral free trade agreements ha ve been entered into force with the following
countries:
− Republic of Armenia (Agreement between Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and
the Government of the Republic of Armenia on free trade, signed on 2 March 1994);
− Republic of Belarus (Agreement between Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and
the Government of the Republic of Belarus on free trade, signed on 3 September 1998);
− Kyrgyz Republic (Agreement between Governme nts of the Republic of Tajikistan and the
Kyrgyz Republic on trade-economic cooperation, signed on 12 July 1996)
− Republic of Kazakhstan (Agreement on free trade between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, signed on
22 November 1995);
− Russian Federation (Agreement on free trade between the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan and the Government of the Russian Federation, signed on 5 April 1994); and
− Republic of Uzbekistan (Agreement on free trade between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, signed on
10 January 1996).
3. Labour markets integration agreements
On 15 April 1994 heads of states of the CIS countries signed the Agreement "On Cooperation
in Labour Migration and Social Protection of  Labour Force-Migrants" which formulates main
directions of cooperation of the Parties in labour migration and social protection of the CIS citizens,their displacement, employment, wages, allowance, bonuses due to length of employment, dismissal,
etc..
In 2001, the Agreement was concluded between the Ministry of Nationalities and Migration
Policy of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of
Tajikistan on cooperation in migration of population.
4. Multilateral economic cooperation, membership in the multilateral economic
organizations, trade related programmes of other multilateral organizations
Tajikistan has agreements with or is a member of the following institutions:
No. Institution Date of agreement
1. Commonwealth of Independent States December 1991
2. United Nations Organization (UN) 2 March 1992
3. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 26 February 1992
4. World Health Organization (WHO) April 1992
5. World Organization for Animal Health October 1992
6. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 28 March 1992
7. Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) 1 December 1992
8.Есоnomic Cooperation Organization (ECO) 18 January 1993WT/ACC/TJK/3
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No. Institution Date of agreement
9. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)6 April 1993
10. Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) 27 April 1993
11. World Bank (WB) 27 April 1993
12. International Monetary Fund (IMF) June 1993
13. International Financial Corporation (IFC) June 1993
14. International Development Association (IDA) June 1993
15. Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency (MIGA) June 1993
16. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 9 September 1993
17. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2 October 1993
18. International Labor Organization (ILO) 26 November 1993
19 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) 9 June 1993
20. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 26 January 1994
21. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 14 February 1994
22. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) April 1994
23. World Archive Union 22 April 1994
24. Universal Postal Union (UPU) 9 June 1994
25. International Organization of Space Communication "INTERSPUTNIK" 13 May 1994
26. International Organization for Migration (IOM) 29 November 1994
27. United Nations Economic Commission  for Europe (UN ECE) 12 December 1994
28. International Road Traffic Organization (IRTO) 12 June 1995
29. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) November 1995
30. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN )
31. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
32. Intelsat 22 February 1996
33. Islamic Development Bank (ID В) November 1996
34. Asian Development Bank (ADB) 20 February 1998
35. Euro Asian Economic Community (former Customs Union) 10 October 2000
(28 May 1998)
36. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1 November 2001
37. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (former "Shanghai Five") 15 June 2001
(April 1996)
38. Central Asian Cooperation (former Central Asian Economic Community) 28 February 2002
(March 1998)
_______________WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 111
ANNEX 1
Statistics and Publications
1. Foreign trade statistics for goods and services: responsible agencies
According the national legislation and international Agreements, the Ministry of State
Revenues and Duties of the Republic of Tajikistan is the agency responsible for foreign tradestatistics.
Based on the information provided by the Ministry of State Revenues and Duties of
Tajikistan, the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan publishes the official statistics
on Foreign Trade.
2. Publications related to statistics
A monthly report "On Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Tajikistan" and a
quarterly issue "Regions of the Republic of Tajikistan", annual issues "Tajikistan in figures", anannual economic collection, branch collections and bulletins, a quarterly publication of information
on social and economic development of the Republic of Tajikistan in local newspapers.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1123. Statistical data
(a) Main economic indicators
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Population at end of year,
in thousands5,505.6 5,567.2 5,579.7 5,633.8 5,701.4 5,769.1 5,875.8 6,001.3 6,126.7 6,250.0 6,375.5
Мales 2,744.2 2,778.8 2,784.2 2,814.6 2,849.1 2,886.1 2,940.8 3,004.7 3,068.6 3,131.0 3,195.2
Females 2,761.4 2,788.4 2,795.9 2,819.2 2,852.3 2,883.0 2,935.0 2,996.0 3,058.1 3,119.0 3,180.3
Births, in  thousands21212.6 179.5 186.5 191.6 193.2 172. 3 178.1 185.7 180.9 167.2 171.6
per thousand
population39.1 33.2 34.1 33.7 33.6 29. 7 30.6 31.3 29.8 27.0 27.2
Deaths, in thousands2233.1 6.7 49.3 40.0 34.3 31.6 27.9 29.2 25.4 29.4 32.0
per thousand population 6.1 6.6 8.8 7.1 6.1 5.6 5.9 5.0 4.2 4.7 5.1
Natural population increase,
in thousands179.5 142.8 137.2 151.6 158.9 140. 7 150.2 156.4 155.5 137.8 139.6
per thousand
population33.0 26.6 25.3 26.6 27.5 24. 1 24.7 26.3 25.6 22.3 22.1
Life expectancy at birth,
in years70.5 68.3 62.0 66.1 68.3 68.4 68.4 … … …
…
M a l e s 6 7 . 6 6 5 . 4 5 6 . 5 6 3 . 4 6 5 . 5 6 5 . 6 6 5 . 6…………
F e m a l e s 7 3 . 2 7 1 . 1 6 8 . 2 6 8 . 7 7 1 . 2 7 1 . 3 7 1 . 3…………
Marriages, thousands 56.5 46.7 53.9 38.8 32.1 28.0 27.3 22.3 22.7 26.2 28.8
per thousand population 10.4 8.4 9.8 6.9 5.7 4.8 4.7 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.6
Divorces, in thousands 7.6 6.5 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.0 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.3
per thousand population 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
                                                     
21 In billion rubles.
22 Preliminary data.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 113(i) GDP; and
(ii) GDP per capita
Gross Domestic Product
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200023
13.4 64.5 707.1 1,786.5 69.8 308.5 518.4 1,025.2 1,345.0 1,806.7 GDP in prices of relevant years, in millions
Somoni2
94.6 67.6 83.7 78.7 87.6 83.3 101.7 105.3  103.7 108.3 Annual growth
2.5 11.6 125.8 311.2 12.0 52.2 86.4 169.6 220.5 292.1 Per capita, in Somoni3
4,615.7 3,124.8 2,615.5 2,058.4 1,803.2 1,502.1 1,527.6 1,608.6 1,668.2 1,806.7 GDP in prices of 2000, in millions Somoni
847.1 562.5 465.3 358.6 310.4 254.4 254.8 266.2 273.5 292.2 Per capita, in Somoni
462.6 307.2 254.1 195.8 169.5 138.9 139.2 145.4 149.4 159.6 In U.S. dollars
Developments of Gross Domestic Product
(in millions Somoni)
1991 1992 1993 1994
in billion rubles1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200024
13.4 64.5 707.1 1,786.5 69.8 308.5 518.4 1,025.2 1,345.0 1,806.7 GDP  in  prices of relevant years, in millions
Somoni
9.8 51.0 444.8 1,021.4 51.8 201.1 300.2 513.2 710.8 986.4 Production of goods
3.4 21.7 222.9 758.4 19.6 85.5 172.0 437.5 540.8 675.3 Production of services
- 3.2 30.7 163.0 4.7 1.5 3.6 3.3 4.6 4.7 Implicitly measured services of financial
intermediation
0.2 -5.0 70.1 169.7 3.1 23.4 49.8 77.8 98.0 149.7 Net (excluding subsidies) tax on products
94.6 67.7 83.7 78.7 87.6 83.3 101.7 105.3 103.7 108.3 GDP in prices compared with previous year, %
- - 1,310 321 446 530.6 165.2 187.8 123.5 124.3Index-GDP deflator compared with previous
year, %
                                                     
23 In billion rubles.
24 Preliminary data.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 114Growth Rate of Gross Domestic Product
(in per cent)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200025Growth rate:
94.6 67.7 83.7 78.7 87.6 83.3 101.7 105.3 103.7 108.3 By year
100.0 67.7 56.7 44.6 39.1 32.6 33.2 34.9 36.2 39.2 1991 = 100%
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200026i. GDP
4,615.7 3,124.8 2,615.5 2,058.4 1,803.2 1,502.1 1,527.6 1,608.6 1,668.2 1,806.7 GDP in prices of 2000, in millions Somoni
ii. GDP per capita
847.1 562.5 465.3 358.6 310.4 254.4 254.8 266.2 273.5 292.2 in Somoni
462.6 307.2 254.1 195.8 169.5 138.9 139.2 145.4 149.4 159.6 in U.S. dollars
                                                     
25 Preliminary data.
26 Preliminary data.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 115
(iii) Budget
The State Budget of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2002 is developed in compliance with the
Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Fundamenta ls of Budget Composition and Budget Process"
and the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 22 May 2001 "On Forming of
Forecast Indicators of the State Budget of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2002 –2004," the Tax Codeof the Republic of Tajikistan," The Forecast of Social and Economic Development of the Republic of
Tajikistan for 2001-2005", the adjusted Forecast of Social and Economic Development of the
Republic for 2002, and the Memorandum of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on
Economic and Financial Policy.
The indicators of the State Budget of the Republic of Tajikistan are formed based on medium-
term budget planning within the Program of Structural Economic Reforms of the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan.  These indicators are aimed, first of all, at implementation of the PovertyReduction Strategy in the country.
27
GDP in 2001 was 2,512.1 million Somoni.  In 2002, growth of the national economy of
six per cent in real terms is projected.  Inflation is planned up to 9.5 per cent.  Given the average
inflation rate for two years within 11 per cent, GDP in 2002 is planned at 3,025.0 million Somoni,
with an increase of 22.4 per cent in nominal terms to 2001.
In 2002, the planned revenues of the State Budget amount to 459.9 million Somoni and
expenditures – 490.1 million Somoni.  Real revival of the national economy sectors in the last two
years, first of all, of the industrial sector, allows to project revenue increase of GDP from
13.8 per cent in 2001 to 15.7 per cent in 2002.  State expenditures will amount to 15.9 per cent of
GDP, with an increase by 0.8 per cent compared with 2001.  State revenues in value terms in 2002will exceed revenues of 2001 by 137.1 million Somoni, expenditures in the same period – by 148.9
million Somoni.  This deviation regarding revenues and expenditures and their ratio of GDP
compared with 2001 is caused by the change in the State Budget deficit, which is planned at 30.2
million Somoni in 2002, or 1.0  per cent of GDP.
When calculating revenues and expenditures of the State Budget for 2002, the average rate of
the national currency towards the U.S. dollar used is 2.57 Somoni per US$1.
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Revenues of
State Budget, inmillions
Somoni6.1 43.2 407.4 1,272.1 9.9 59.9 109.0 180.4 249.8 251.7
In  % of GDP … … … … 14.2 19.4 21.0 17.6 18.6 13.9
Expenditures of
State Budget, inmillions Somoni5.0 37.5 336.4 936.2 9.4 57.5 105.1 178.7 236.4 261.8
                                                     
27 The Poverty Reduction Strategy is described in a study that may be requested from the Government
of the Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 116(iv) Production and consumption of the basic goods
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Industrial products (in prices of 2000),
in millions Somoni3,263 2,470 2,278 1,699 1,468 1,117 1,095 1,185 1,251 1,374
Production of consumer goods (in
prices of 2000), in millions Somoni1,197 862.8 805.8 486.7 374.8 273.2 244.5 287.3 262.0 262.7
Agricultural products  (in prices of
2000), in millions Somoni1,304.6 1,151.3 899.8 745.7 652. 6 616.0 600.9 606.1 615.3 693.2
Goods transported by general use
transport, millions tons79.8 28.5 15.0 28.8 21.4 15.3 16.0 20.2 17.9 18.7
Passengers transported by general use
transport, in millions population465 264 191 125 119 110 106 139 146 135
Capital investment, in millions
Somoni282.2 11.9 17.2 415.9 5.6 26.6 67.5 68.3 122.5 108.6
Startup of capital assets, in millionsSomoni
291.2 3.8 60.7 116.6 2.5 9.9 58.7 27.6 81.0 81.6
Startup of total housing area, inthousands м
21,225.2 635.2 523.2 224.8 226.2 167.0 265.1 226.9 224.9 245.5
Total retail turnover (in prices of
2000), in millions Somoni5,400.6 1,398.8 1,100.8 784.9 607.5 570.4 621.8 674.6 703.0 558.2
Paid services to population (in prices of
2000), in millions Somoni441.8 129.0 124.2 63.4 51.4 56.1 57.9 60.8 154.030188.9
Foreign trade turnover, in millions US$ 131.1 353.2 881.9 1,038.9 1,558.5 1,4382 1,4960 1,3076 1,351.8 1,459.3
Exports, in millions US$ 67.9 192.5 349.8 491.9 748.6 770.1 745.7 596.5 688.7 784.3
Imports, in millions US$ 63.2 160.7 532.1 547.0 809.9 668.1 750.3 711.0 663.1 675.0
In % of GDP … … … … 13.5 18.7 20.3 17.4 17.6 14.5
Total housing area per capita, in м29.5 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.0 9.0 9.1
Hospitals 374 377 389 408 434 417 416 424 433 441
Hospital beds per 10,000 population 107. 2 108.4 104.6 88.0 80.2 72.9 69.9 67.7 67.7 65.8
Comprehensive schools 3.179 3.270 3. 334 3.400 3.416 3.432 3.484 3.522 3.551 3.557
of which students, in thousands 1,310.2 1,260.2 1,226.7 1,274.8 1,310.1 1,327.3 1,374.0 1,436.6 1,464.9 1,504,4
Higher education institutions 13 18 21 22 24 25 25 243129323033
of which students, in thousands 69.3 70.6 69.0 73.3 74.0 76.0 76.7 75.5 79.2 77.7
                                                     
28 Here data on capital construction is in existing pr ices of relevant years.  1991-1994 – in billion rubles.
29 Here data on capital construction is in existing pr ices of relevant years.  1991-1994 – in billion rubles.
30 Number of survey services expanded.
31 Including branches.
32 Including branches.
33 Including branches.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1171991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Per 10,000 population 124 127 122 128 126 127 126 123 130 127
Technical –vocational schools 43 48 50 50 44 47 44 423448355336
Of which students, in thousands 40.7 38.3 38.4 34.9 26.8 23.5 19.9 19.4 23.2 25.3
Per 10,000 population 73.0 68.7 67. 3 60.3 45.6 39.5 32.5 32.2 37.4 41.3
Registered crime per year 18,477 25,296 24,596 14,297 14,530 13,386 13,201 13,161 14,413 14,455
                                                     
34 Including branches.
35 Including branches.
36 Including branches.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 118Production
(At end of year, in prices of relevant years)
      (in millions Somoni)
1991 1992 1993 1994
In billion rubles1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200037
25.2 165.5 1,594.7 4,465.4 171.6 610.9 1,100.7 1,763.9 2,321.5 3,207.7 Released in basis prices
0.9 6.6 129.2 327.0 4.6 25.2 51.3 79.0 106.0 154.2 Tax on products
0.7 11.6 59.1 157.3 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 8.0 4.5 Subsidies for products (-)
25.4 160.5 1,664.8 4,635,1 174.7 634.3 1,150.5 1,841.7 2,419.5 3,357.4 Total
12.0 96.0 957.7 2,848.6 104.9 325.8 632.1 816.5 1 ,074.5 1,550.7 Interim consumption
13.4 64.5 707.1 1,786.5 69,8 308,5 518,4 1,025.2 1,345.0 1,806.7 GDP in market prices
25.4 160.5 16,64.8 4,635.1 1,74.7 6,34.3 1,150.5 1,841.7 2,419.5 3,357.4 Total
Structure Of Gross Domestic Product Production
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200038
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 Gross domestic product
Of which:
73.1 79.0 62.9 57.2 74.3 65.2 57.9 50. 0 52.8 54.6 Production of goods
25.4 28.8 27.2 33.3 21.2 27.2 32.5 42.4 39.9 37.1 Production of services39
1.5 -7.8 9.9 9.5 4.5 7.6 9.6 7.6 7.3 8.3 Net (excluding subsidies) Tax on products
                                                     
37 Preliminary data
38 Excluding implicitly measured services of financial intermediation.
39 Excluding implicitly measured services of financial intermediation.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 119Use Of Gross Domestic Product
(At end of year; in prices of relevant years)
(in millions Somoni)
1991 1992 1993 1994
In billion rubles1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200040
8.8 49.5 424.5 1,256.6 49.8 209.8 366.3 786.3 1, 084.3 1,355.0 Final consumption expenses
-  Of which:
8.0 31.8 268.4 876.4 41.0 175.8 301. 2 691.3 944.8 1,198.7 Households
0.8 17.7 154.9 351.7 7.6 27.7 55.2 80.0 116.5 125.6 Government entities
-  Of which:
0.6 12.5 99.2 231.2 5.6 12.9 23.4 37.1 53.8 72.2 On personal goods and services
0.2 5.1 55.7 120.6 2.0 14.8 31.8 42.5 62.7 53.4 On collective services
- 0.1 1.1 28.5 1.3 6.2 9.8 15.1 23.0 30.7 Non-commercial entities, household servicing
1.6 21.6 276.9 652.9 20.0 68.8 102.0 158.1 240.7 252.9 Gross accumulation
Of which:
0.7 7.2 79.3 425.1 14.9 41.0 91.6 137.6 231.2 240.3 Gross accumulation of capital assets
0.9 14.4 197.6 227.7 5.1 27.8 10.4 20.5 9.5 12.6 Development of stock of materials and
circulating assets
-0.2 6.1 -170.0 -121.2 -6.4 29.9 -18.7 -79.7 20.0 184.4 Net export of goods and services (+, -)
3.2 -12.7 175.8 -1.8 6.4 0.0 68.8 160.4 0.0 14.4 Statistical variance
13.4 64.5 707.1 1,786.5 69.8 308.5 518.4 1,025.2 1,345.0 1,806.7 GDP in market prices
Structure of Gross Domestic Product Utilisation
(in per cent)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200041
86.5 64.1 79.8 70.4 78.5 68.0 81.5 90.9 81.1 75.6 Final consumption expenses
16.2 28.0 44.2 36.5 31.6 22.3 22.6 18.2 17.4 14.1 Gross accumulation
-2.7 7.9 -24.0 -6.9 -10.1 9.7 -4.1 -9.1 1.5 10.3 Net export of goods and services
                                                     
40 Preliminary data.
41 Preliminary data.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 120GDP Production by Economy Sector
(At end of year, in prices of relevant years)
(in millions Somoni)
1991 1992 1993 1994
In billion rubles1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200042
9.8 51.0 444.8 1,.021.4 51.8 201.1 300.2 513.2 710.8 986.4 Production of goods
Including:
3.4 25.3 231.7 491.3 23.8 79.3 114.0 206. 1 291.6 431.6 Industrial production
4.9 18.9 148.4 340.7 25.6 111.1 165.9 257.4 341.4 488.0 Agriculture and Forestry
1.4 6.3 63.5 185.6 2.2 7.9 14.3 39.5 73.0 61.0 Construction
0.1 0.5 1.2 3.7 0.2 2.8 6.0 10.2 4.8 5.8 Other sectors
3.4 21.7 222.9 758.4 19.6 85.5 172.0 437.5 540.8 675.3 Production of services
Including:
0.5 3.2 9.2 42.6 3.1 12.4 15.1 42.7 99.0 88.3 Transport and communications
1.0 3.5
44.8 342.3 5.5 47.1 108.6 231.8270.0 334.3 Trade and public catering, logistics and sales,
purchases
0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.9 2.5 0.0 MIS
- 0.1 0.9 3.0 0.1 0.3 0.8 2.0 5.9 3.9 Geology and prospecting
0.2 2.2 44.0 3.9 2.2 6.3 11.8 54.6 39.9 74.8 Housing and communal services domestic
services
0.3 2.0 21.6 42.6 0.8 2.5 6.6 29.1 17.7 18.3 Health care, social protection, and physical
education
0.5 4.6 52.1 83.7 2.7 6.4 12.3 41.4 51.5 70.7 Education, culture, and arts
0.1 0.6 1.2 5.3 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 2.5 2.3 Science and scientific services
- 3.1 30.7 195.5 4.0 1.9 3.2 7.9 14.1 20.4 Finance, crediting and insurance
0.8 2.2 17.6 37.0 1.0 7.8 11.4 23.8 32.5 55.8 Management
- 0.1 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.3 1.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 Public organisation
- 3.2 30.7 163.0 4.7 1.5 3.6 3.3 4.6 4.7 Implicitly measured services of financial
intermediation (-)
13.2 69.5 637.0 1,616.8 66.7 285.1 468.6 947.4 1,247.0 1,657.0 Total for sectors
0.9 6.6 129.2 327.0 4.6 25.2 51.3 79.0 106.0 154.2 Tax
0.7 11.6 59.1 157.3 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 8.0 4.5 Subsidies
13.4 64.5 707.1 1,786.5 69.8 308.5 518.4 1,025.2 1,345.0 1,806,7 Gross domestic product
                                                     
42 Preliminary data.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 121Capital Assets by Property Form
(At end of year, in prices of relevant years)
(in millions Somoni)
1991 1992 1993 1994
In billion rubles1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
23.0 25.6 1,349.3 1,563.2 25.4 369.1 506.4 961.8 1,369.4 All capital assets (including cattle)
Including:
18.3 18.7 1,125.4 1,313.6 21.6 302.1 422.3 802.2 1,142.1 Public property
0.7 1.2 76.5 77.5 0.9 16.8 20.8 39.4 56.1 Cooperative property
1.6 2.0 105.4 123.4 1.9 35.2 43.5 82.7 117.8 Collective farms property
2.4 3.7 42.0 48.7 1.0 15.0 19.8 37.5 53.4 Private property
Capital Assets by Economy Sector
(At end of year, in prices of relevant years)
(in millions Somoni)
1991 1992 1993 1994
In billion rubles1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
23.0 25.5 1,349.3 1,563.2 25.4 369.1 506.4 961.8 1,369.4 All capital assets (including cattle)
12.1 13.5 914.8 1,003.0 18.0 273.8 338.4 587.0 878.2 Production capital assets
Of which :
5.6 7.1 460.0 487.0 11.0 138.6 180.9 415.3 641.9 Industrial production
5.0 4.9 385.7 444.8 6.2 115.7 130.9 127.5 190.1 Agriculture
1.5 1.5 67.8 69.2 0.8 19.0 25.5 42.5 44.6 Construction
0.0 0.0 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.1 1.7 1.6 Other sections of real sector
10.9 12.0 434.5 560.2 7.4 95.3 168.0 374.8 491.2 Non-production capital assets
Of which:
2.1 2.2 130.4 184.9 2.1 33.3 43.2 83.6 142.3 Transport and communications
0.7 1.0 49.8 54.8 0.7 15.4 18.7 32.8 44.3Trade, public catering, intermediates, logistics,
purchases
4.7 5.4 70.9 88.0 1.6 22.3 30.5 62.1 70.8 Housing
1.0 0.8 45.8 59.6 0.7 5.2 9.4 36.9 57.0Communal and domestic  services for
population
2.0 2.0 115.4 139.4 1.7 12.6 52.7 130.9 146.6 Health care, education, science, culture, and arts
0.4 0.6 22.2 33.5 0.6 6.5 13.5 28.5 30.2 Other non-production sectorsWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 122
Joint Ventures Registered and Operating
In the Territory of the Republic of Tajikistan
(in units)
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Republic of Tajikistan 210 283 278 224 228 108 105
Including:
Sughd Oblast 46 77 77 71 78 40 34
Khatlon Oblast 28 31 31 6 5 3 6
Dushanbe 111 145 145 130 129 62 63
Gorno-Badakhshan
Autonomous Oblast111 - - - -
Districts of republican
subordination24 29 24 17 16 3 2
Major Indicators of Joint Venture Activities
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Proceeds coming from sales of goods (works and services), in current prices, in thousands Somoni
Total 2,260.0 8,730.2 35,023.3 47,484.2 74,263.0 124,241.
7161,683.
1
Including:
Dushanbe - 457.6 848.5 1,488.4 1,853.3 14,488.1 16,980.4
Sughd Oblast - 8,262.7 33,089.2 42,963.0 7,242.6 105,864.
6134,
248.6
Khatlon Oblast - 9.9 1,085.2 237.0 0.7 3,504.8 6,182.0
Districts of republicansubordination- - 0.4 2,795.8 6.4 384.2 272.1
Production and sales of goods (works and services) costs in thousands Somoni
Total 216.4 6,385.3 34,034.3 42,186.7 78,844.3 130,540.
5196,508.
2
Including:
Dushanbe - 253.5 880.0 1,093.7 1,920.8 14,824.4 18,496.4
Sughd Oblast
- 6,126.5 32,503.3 40,439.1 76,910.1108,633.
2171,180.
6
Khatlon Oblast - 5.3 647.5 295.8 8.3 3,456.4 5,566.5
Districts of republicansubordination- - 3.5 358.1 5.1 3,626.5 1,264.7WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 123
Investment in the Republic of Tajikistan from Abroad by Operating Joint Ventures
For 1997-2001
Accumulated as of beginning
of the reporting year
Thousands of US$ Thousands of Somoni
Investment – total
1997 93,493.5 33,372.8
1998 164,259.3 67,243.8
1999 274,592.6 174,966.6
2000 323,434.3 281,085.3
2001 354,225.1 416,172.5
including:
Direct investment
1997 92,602.2 33,066.4
1998 156,657.0 61,792.1
1999 181,822.0 88,404.1
2000 224,042.5 143,766.2
2001 240,785.1 188,445.4
including:
Instalments in authorized capital
1997 44,531.4 8,334.6
1998 55,496.6 17,738.8
1999 69,345.0 20,591.1
2000 105,019.5 68,693.8
2001 108,587.2 85,653.5
Credits received from foreign co-owners of enterprises
1997 48,070.8 24,731.8
1998 87,395.8 43,443.4
1999 112,281.0 67,672.6
2000 116,494.0 73,126.5
2001 121,860.3 85,860.7
Other investment
1997 891.3 306.3
1998 7,602.3 5,451.6
1999 92,770.6 86,562.5
2000 99,391.8 137,319.1
2001 113,440.0 227,727.1
including:
Other credits
1997 179.3 133.9
1998 7,140.3 5,372.1
1999 14,598.0 10,066.9
2000 23,779.2 28,773.9
2001 58,242.4 106,366.7WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 124
Investment by Enterprises Activity Category for 2001
(in Thousands US$)
Accumulated as of beginning
of 2001Received in 2001Branches
Direct Other Direct Other
12 3 4 5
Total 240,785.1 113,440.0 8,095.4 40,943.0
including:
Food Industry 149.6 - - -
Communication services 3,402.5 - - -
Textiles production 93,913.8 - 106.3 -
Foreign Economic activity 719.7 - - -
Investment - 9,705.6 - 1,263.9
Educational services 705.8 67.1 401.1 30.3
Production of tobacco goods 30.0 - - -
Transport services - 5,444.0 - 4,334.9
Production of pneumatic goods 2,843.0 - - -
Extraction and processing of precious metals 89,360.7 8,609.0 5,873.4 974.0
Soft drinks production 9,662.6 - - -
Non-ferrous metallurgy - 55,098.5 - -
Production of wheelchairs 201.0 - - -
Production of leather goods 170.5 - - -
Advertisement services 135.7 - - -
Production of Medicines 361.4 - 552.0 -
Production of canned goods 600.0 1,700.0 - -
Consumer services 35.2 - 10.0 -
Financial consultation 1.0 26,877.3 - 31,877.6
Printing production 100.0 - - -
Tee production 200.0 - - -
Confectionery production 7.3 - 77.1 -
Construction 26,831.3 - 0.2 26.8
Mechanical Engineering 48.4 - - -
Commerce 8,031.3 - 825.3 -
Agriculture 947.4 - - -
Production of yarn, fabrics, and ready-made
garments352.9 - 250.0 -
Footwear production 997.5 - - -
Rehabilitation works - 5,938.5 - 2,435.5
Banking 976.5 - - -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 125
Foreign Investment Accumulation by branch for 2001
Mining and extraction o f 
precious metals
 27.7 %Commercial activity
2.3 %Non-ferrous metallurgy
15.6 %
Other branches
44.1 %Construction
7.6 % Soft drinks production
 2.7 %WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 126
Investment by Partner Countries  for 2001
(in thousands US$)
Accumulated as of beginning of
2001Received in 2001Countries
Direct Other Direct Other
1 2345
TOTAL 240,785.1 113,440.0 8,095.4 40,943.0
including:
CIS countries 1,292.9 - 401.1 26.8
Belarus 48.4 - - -
Kyrgyzstan 40.0 - - -
Russian Federation 1,204.5 - 401.1 26.8
Non-CIS countries 239,492.2 113,440.0 7,694.3 40,916.2
Austria 1,797.8 1,700.0 - -
Afghanistan 20.2 - - -
Belgium - 9,223.0 - -
United Kingdom 88,603.7 63,675.5 4,964.0 974.0
Vietnam 2,157.2 - 356.3 -
Germany 170.9 5,444.0 83.3 -
Ireland 335.5 - 49.5 -
Italy 39,469.1 - - -
Israel 201.0 - - -
India 361.4 - 552.0 -
Iran 343.0 - 42.5 -
Korea 53,400.0 - - -
Cyprus 1,210.5 - - -
Canada 1,122.7 32.0 919.4 -
PR of China 2,873.7 - - -
Lebanon 35.2 - - -
Luxemburg 31,242.7 - 650.0 -
Netherlands 3,603.8 - - -
UAE 200.0 - - 4,334.9
USA 1,269.0 28,470.7 - 26,682.2
Turkey 746.7 67.1 77.3 30.3
Philippines - 4,827.7 - 8,844.8
Switzerland 2,366.5 - - -
Japan - - - 50.0
USA 7,961.6 - - -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 127
Investment by Regions of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2001
(in thousand US$)
Accumulated as of beginning of
2001Received in 2001Regions
Direct Other Direct Other
1 2345
Total 240,785.1 113,440.0 8,095.4 40,943.0
including:
Sughd Oblast 196,013.8 10,309.0 6,029.2 974.0
Including:
Khujand 97,957.0 1,700.0 106.3 -
Panjakent 86,696.7 8,577.0 4,954.0 974.0
Chkalovsk 335.5 - 49.5 -
Kairakkum 1,122.7 32.0 919.4 -
Zafarobod District 1,739.3 - - -
Konibodom District 201.0 - - -
Istaravshan 7,961.6 - - -
Khatlon oblast 30,074.0 - 42.5 -
Including:
Khovaling District 2,940.0 - - -
Vose District 26,831.0 - - -
Danghara District 303.0 - 42.5 -
Dushanbe 14,697.3 48,032.5 2,023.7 39,969.0
Districts of Republican
Subordination- 55,098.5 - -
Including:
Tursunzoda District - 55,098.5 - -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 128(v) Annual changes in prices
Structure of Consumer Expenses by Households
1998 1999 2000
Name of goodsMonthly expenses
per household
member (in
Somoni)%  of  total
expensesMonthly expenses
per household
member (in
Somoni)%  of  total
expensesMonthly expenses
per household
member (in
Somoni)% of total
expenses
Total consumer expenses 6.23 100 11.50 100 16.39 100
1. Expenses on purchase of foodstuffs 4.94 79.3 10.05 87.3 14.18 86.5
4.92 79.0 10.02 87.1 14.14 86.3
including purchase of:
bread and bread products 2.14 34.3 5.25 45.7 5.28 32.2
Potatoes 0.19 3.1 0.40 3.5 0.68 4.1
vegetables, melons, and gourds 0.38 6.1 0.74 6.4 1.78 10.9
fruits and berries 0.19 3.1 0.45 3.9 1.88 11.5
meat and meat products 0.57 9.1 1.06 9.2 0.84 5.1
fish and fish products 0.003 0.0 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1
milk and  dairies 0.33 5.3 0.51 4.4 1.18 7.2
sugar and confectionery 0.31 5.0 0.44 3.8 0.67 4.1
Eggs 0.05 0.8 0.14 1.2 0.22 1.3
vegetable oil 0.58 9.3 0.79 6.9 0.99 6.0
tea, coffee, and non-alcoholic drinks 0.18 2.9 0.23 2.0 0.61 3.8
non-home food expenses (at public catering
facilities)0.02 0.3 0.03 0.2 0.04 0.2
2. Expenses on purchase of non-
alcoholic drinks0.03 0.5 0.03 0.3 0.04 0.2
3. Expenses on purchase of non-
foodstuffs 0.98 15.7 1.06 9.1 1.68 10.3
Including purchase of:
0.56 9.0 0.55 4.7 0.93 5.7
building materials 0.02 0.3 0.02 0.2 0.05 0.3
fuel 0.01 0.2 0.01 0.1 0.03 0.2
products and accessories for home, furniture 0.03 0.5 0.10 0.9 0.14 0.9
medications 0.08 1.3 0.06 0.5 0.10 0.6
medical products and personal hygienic
products0.14 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.1
tobacco products 0.04 0.6 0.05 0.4 0.07 0.4
haberdashery and other goods 0.10 1.6 0.27 2.3 0.35 2.1WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1291998 1999 2000
Name of goodsMonthly expenses
per household
member (in
Somoni)%  of  total
expensesMonthly expenses
per household
member (in
Somoni)%  of  total
expensesMonthly expenses
per household
member (in
Somoni)% of total
expenses
4. Services expenses 0.28 4.5 0.38 3.3 0.49 3.0
Of which:
personal services 0.03 0.4 0.04 0.3 0.05 0.3
utilities services 0.07 1.1 0.11 1.0 0.16 0.9
services of cultural institutions 0.01 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.1
services in communications 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1
services in passenger transport 0.13 2.0 0.18 1.5 0.22 1.3
services in education system 0.02 0.4 0.02 0.2 0.03 0.2
other services 0.02 0.3 0.02 0.2 0.01 0.1
Yearly Consumption of Foodstuffs Per Capita
(data of random surveys of households)
(in kilograms)
1991 1992 1993 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Meat and meat products 26.1 27.8 20.8 4.0 4.9 5.1 5.7 4.4
Milk and dairies 171 172 140 50.4 46.8 47.2 55.1 64.9
Eggs, pieces 88 99 70 11 6 6 16 36
Sugar, including confectionery 12.6 8.2 8.1 3.6 7.4 5.9 6.4 6.7
Bread products 155 186 204 154 147 152 167 148
Potatoes 33.2 33.4 29.6 24.0 25.0 22.3 24.1 37.8
Vegetables, melons, and gourds 94.2 98.3 77.3 72.0 55.5 59.9 92.4 98.5
Fruits, berries, and grapes 31.9 25.6 24.9 16.8 24.5 19.6 17.3 50.8
Vegetable oil 13.3 12.8 11.3 9.6 9.8 7.9 9.5 10.2WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 130Prices Index for Industrial Products
(in per cent in comparison with the previous year)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Total industries 1,416.5 1,315.4 427.8 376.1 355.2 177.5 130.2 143.6 143.5
Including:
Electric energy 593.8 1,388.2 404.9 706.0 343.1 159.0 145.8 155.6 137.0
Fuel industry 4,097.8 2,093.3 651.5 301.7 308.1 103.2 141.7 126.4 139.7
Non-ferrous metallurgy 4,512.2 741.6 437.4 532.0 153.6 183.9 118.5 162.6 181.7
Chemical industry 2,134.1 1,648.7 480.4 344.5 541.4 142.9 158.2 140.8 127.0
Machinery construction and metal processi ng 2,298.0 773.8 486.2 337.2 487.9 143.1 155.5 132.5 134.3
Timber, woodworking, and pulp and paper
industries872.4 1,093.1 594.4 240.7 614.2 193.9 111.0 134.0 111.5
Building materials industry 1,555.4 1,588.6 771.0 466.5 172.4 150.7 176.2 123.6 108.8
Light industry 782.2 1,364.3 412.3 270.7 333.7 203.6 110.1 121.2 126.3
Food industry 1,033.4 1,436.1 371.1 376.9 423.9 176.0 150.8 130.2 133.7
Of which:
Flavoring industry 753.8 1,595.2 287.8 343.3 368.5 167.8 146.4 130.6 133.8
Meat industry 1,569.4 1,473.4 503.1 410.4 354.1 213.6 154.7 133.8 100.2
Butter, cheese, and milk industry 842.6 1,102.0 475.4 491.9 325.1 146.5 237.6 96.4 131.8
Fish industry 570.3 965.4 955.5 134.2 203.9 161.1 149.4 134.1 120.9
Flour and cereals industry 1,325.0 1,283.6 608.2 422.7 508.9 156.3 107.1 119.5 124.7
Consumer Prices Index (Tariff) for Goods and Paid Services to Population
(in per cent, December compared with December of the previous year)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
All goods and services 1,420.0 7,425.5 101.1 2,483.7 140.6 259.8 102.7 130.1 160.6
Including:
Foodstuffs431,430.0 9,914.8 84.4 3,108.1 137.1 273.6 97.0 129.6 166.3
Non-foodstuffs 920.0 5,180.5 112.3 1,639.6 141.2 209.9 119.2 117.6 144.2
Paid services to population 1,130.0 2,635.9 298.9 1,055.4 181.0 226.0 132.0 153.3 13.0
                                                     
43 Including alcoholic drinks.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 131Goods and Services
(At end of year; in prices of relevant years)
(in millions Somoni)
1991 1992 1993 1994
In billion rubles1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200044
Released in basis prices 25.2 165.5 1,594.7 4,465.4 171.6 610.9 1,100.7 1,763.9 2,321.5 3,207.7
Import of goods and services 3.9 30.9 496.1 1,205.4 84.6 195.7 442.8 589.3 893.6 1,353.3
Tax on products 0.9 6.6 129.2 327.0 4.6 25.2 51.3 79.0 106.0 154.2
Subsidies for products (-) 0.7 11.6 59.1 157.3 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 8.0 4.5
Total 29.3 191.4 2,160.9 5,840.5 259.4 830.0 1,593.3 2,431.0 3,313.1 4,710.7
Interim consumption 12.0 96.0 957.7 2, 848.6 104.9 325.8 632.1 816.5 1,074.5 1,550.7
Final consumption 8.8 49.5 424.4 1,256 .6 49.8 209.8 366.3 786.3 1,084.3 1,355.0
Gross accumulation 1.6 21.6 276.9 652.9 20.0 68.8 102.0 158.1 240.7 252.9
Export of goods and services 3.7 37.0 326.1 1,084.2 78.2 225.6 424.1 509.6 913.6 1,537.7
Statistical variance (+; -) 3.2 -12.7 175.8 -1.8 6.4 - 68.8 160.4 0.0 14.4
Total 29.3 191.4 2,160.9 5,840.5 259.4 830.0 1,593.3 2,431.0 3,313.1 4,710.7
                                                     
44 Preliminary data.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 132
(vi) Employment in different sectors
Allotment of Population Employed in th e Country's Economy by Sector in 2000
In thousands
of
population%
Total employed in the economy 1,745.0 100.0
Including:
In production sector:
- In industry and construction 158.0 9.1
- In agriculture and forestry (including personal agriculture) 1,133 65.0
- Transport and communications 42.0 2.4
- Trade and public catering, logistics, sales, and purchases 72.0 4.1
- Other sections of production sector 11.0 0.6
Non-production sector:
– In housing and communal services, non-productive domestic services
of population27.0 1.5
- In health care, physical traini ng, and social protection. 82.0 4.7
- In education 167.0 9.6
- In culture, arts, science, and scientific services. 19.0 1.1
- In public management and administration bodies, management bodies
of cooperative and public organizations, in crediting and state
insurance34.0 1.9WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 133(vii) Levels of employment
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Average yearly employment, in thousands 1,971 1,909 1,855 1,855 1,853 1,731 1,791 1,796 1,737 1,745
Officially registered unemployed at end of
year, in thousands- 7 22 32 37 46 51 54 50 43
Money incomes of 10.5 43.3 462.5 520.9 45.8 185.1 348.3 593.6 738.3 899.7
population in prices of relevant years, in
millions Somoni
Money expenses and savings in prices of
relevant years, in millions Somoni510.0 28.8 333.2 408.3 40.4 175.1 324.4 575.5 716.1 805.1
Average monthly wage per worker
in Somoni3370 2,035 16,155 34,904 0.92 2.95 4.96 9.17 11.61 15.57
in U.S. dollars ххХх 8.8 10.1 8.9 11.8 9.4 8.5
Average monthly pension
in Somoni3169 1,444 12,503 18,032 0.39 0.88 1.06 3.02 3.53 4.06
in U.S. dollars хххх 3.75 2.99 1.89 3.88 2.86 2.22
Minimum wage (average monthly)
in Somoni370 1,260 8,000 8,000 0.14 0. 32 0.32 1.00 1.00 1.00
in U.S. dollars хххх 1.34 1.10 0.57 1.28 0.81 0.55
Minimum old age pension (average monthly),
in Somoni3152 1,526 12,207 11,776 0.26 0.48 0.48 2.00 2.00 4.00
Note: The employment rate in 2000 was 54.8% (the employment rate is determined as average employed population of labour force).  It is required to conduct annual surveys
of the republican labour market in order to obtain more complete information on population employment.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 134(viii) Balance of payments
Balance of Payments of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2000 – 2001
In thousand US$
2000 2001
I quarter II quarter III quarter IV quarter 2000 I quarter II quarter III quarter IV quarter 2001
I. Account of current transactions -54,985.2 9,529.2 9, 201.5 -25,668.2 -61,922.7 -13,806.2 -35,557.1 -15,680.1 4,151.9 -60,891.5
Goods and services -70,586.0 6,731.9 11,967.5 -24, 067.6 -75,954.2 -35,056.5 -52,574.2 -27,164.6 -6,705.4 -121,500.7
Commodity balance -71,033.3 736.5 11,769.1 -23020, 8 -81,548.5 -34,398.1 -46,785.8 -28,138.3 -4,787.8 -114,110
Exports 184,551.7 216,501.3 207,542.3 230,331.2 838,926. 5 170,862.4 164,689.3 153,902.5 162,116.5 651,570.7
Imports -255,585 -215,764.8 -195,773.2 -253,352 -920,475 -205,260.5 -211,475.1 -182,040.8 -166,904.3 -765,680.7
Services balance 447.3 5,995.4 198.4 -1,046. 8 5,594.3 -658.4 -5,788.4 973.7 -1,917.6 -7,390.7
Transport services 2,453.0 8,648.9 2,307.0 1, 184.6 14,593.5 -339.7 -2,124.6 100.0 1,675.2 -689.1
Business trips -110.9 -46.6 -100.9 -505. 6 -764.0 -340.5 -490.4 89.6 -209.6 -950.9
Communications services 154.2 180.8 792.5 -17.1 1,110.4 640.2 153.3 254.3 -209.0 838.8
Construction services 65.5 -316.7 -904 145.5 -1,009.7 1,196.3 -300.2 614.9 204.5 1,715.5
Insurance services -1,370.1 -1,139.1 -1,1095 -1 ,558.6 -5,177.3 -1,690.7 -1, 713.7 -1,406.9 -1,325.7 -6137
Financial services -501.8 -62.9 -38.1 -36. 6 -639.4 189.6 -1,515.8 70.9 -1,091.3 -2,346.6
Other services -242.6 -1,269 -748.6 -259 -2,519.2 -313.6 203.0 1,250.9 -961.7 178.6
Incomes -1,861.3 -2,763.1 -8,893.9 -7,063.8 -20, 582.1 -4,937.2 -5,035.3 -3,721.2 -4,798.8 -18,492.5
Wages 22.6 144 11.4 44 222 9.6 28 -63.2 -128.1 -153.7
Income from direct investment 0.0 -34.0 0.0 0.0 -34.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0
Income from other investment -1,883.9 -2,873.1 -8, 905.3 -7,107.8 -20,770.1 -4,946.8 - 5,063.3 -3658 -4,670.7 -18,338.8
Transfers 17,462.1 5,560.4 6,127.9 54,63.2 34,613. 6 26,187.5 22,052.4 15,20 5.7 15,656.1 79,101.7
Received 17,785 5,962.0 6,471.6 6,265.0 36,483.6 26,800.3 25,289.0 18,27 8.5 22,660.6 93,028.4
Granted -322.9 -401.6 -343.7 -801.8 -1,870.0 - 612.8 -3,236.6 -3,072.8 -7,004.5 -13,926.7
II. Account of capital movement and
financial accounts-3,878.6 -13,274.3 27,814.2 56,660.8 67,322.1 - 9,795.2 -3,389.7 46,345. 8 24,306.2 57,467.1
Financial transactions accounts -3,878.6 -13,274.3 27,814.2 56,660.8 67,322.1 -9,795.2 -3,389. 7 46,345.8 24,306.2 57,467.1
Direct investment 13,127.9 4,966.4 4,075.4 1,373.6 23,543.3 4,181.0 1,938.8 1,536.7 1,838.9 9,495.4
Portfolio investment 1 Д 264.3 10.7 0.2 276.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other investment -17,007.6 -18,505 23,728.,1 55,287.0 43,502.5 -13,976.2 -5,328.5 44, 809.1 22,467.3 47,971.7
Assets -19,156.0 -18,730.5 21,938.5 -6,978.8 -62,926. 8 -14,389.2 -15,415.1 11,095.9 6,434.2 -12,274.2
Foreign currency in cash -339.2 -204.7 48. 9 -5.,2 -500.2 -186.1 -419.3 320.6 -616.6 -901.4
Balance in current and savings accounts 86.0 -1,019.7 - 1,737.8 731.4 -1,940.1 -2,346.9 2, 453.3 2,362.5 -211.4 2,257.5
Credits and advances regarding trade -9,362.0 -13,160.2 21, 251.9 -61,037.1 -62,307.4 -12,573.4 -12,908.2 7,553.6 5,718.4 -12,209.6
Credits and debts -222.4 -249.3 3,188.6 990 3,706.9 0.0 0.0 -114.1 725.6 611.5
Other assets -9,318.4 -4,096.6 -813.1 12,34 2.1 -1,886 717.2 -4,540.9 973.3 818.2 -2,032.2
Liabilities 2,148.4 225.5 1,789.6 102,265.8 106,429.3 413.0 10, 086.6 33,713.2 16,033.1 60,245.9WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1352000 2001
I quarter II quarter III quarter IV quarter 2000 I quarter II quarter III quarter IV quarter 2001
Balance in current and savings accounts 1,687.1 859.1 1 ,446.3 2,104.3 6,096.8 -31.5 -2,554.1 1,188.4 2,889.9 1,492.7
Credits and advances regarding trade 36,227.7 10,935.5 0 .0 29,660.4 76,823.6 12,977.4 9, 481.2 -4,311.3 -1,162.2 16,985.1
Credits and debts paid 1,288.0 -5,763.0 -704.9 12, 36.6 6,956.7 -23,804.2 -2,059.7 35.2 -6,944.9 -32,773.6
Other liabilities -37,054. 4 -5,806.1 1,048.2 58,364.5 16,552.2 11,27 1.3 5,219.2 36,800.9 21,250.3 74,541.7
ERRORS AND DISTORTIONS 44,911.0 -1,207,7 -42,915.1 -18, 373.0 -17,584.8 5,150.7 28,573.2 -16,274.7 -33,682.4 -16,233.2
TOTAL BALANCE -13,952,8 -4952,8 -5,899.4 12,619.6 - 12,185.4 -18,450.7 -10,373.6 14,391.0 -5,224.3 -19,657.6
CAPITAL INVESTMENT 13,952.8 4,952.8 5,899.4 -12,619.6 12,185.4 18,450.7 10,373. 6 -14,391.0 5,224.3 19,657.6
Reserve assets (National Bank of
Tajikistan)-2,679.8 4,776.0 -3,066.1 -28,095.1 -29,065 8, 079.4 -2,290.0 -23,146.7 9,848.9 -7,508.4
IMF credits -- -- -- -- -- -3,614.7 4,110.6 5,180.7 -2,392.6 3,284.0
Received -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 7,646.5 7,508.2 0.0 15,154.7
Paid -- -- -- -- -- 3,614,7 3,535.9 2,327.5 2,392.6 11,870.7
Indebtedness 15,388.6 -2,456.2 -2,459.5 5,311.5 15,784.4 6,570,0 2,472.0 0.0 6,130.0 15,172.0
Contingents amounts 15,388.6 -2,456.2 -2,459.5 5,311 .5 15,784.4 -48,864,0 6,081.0 3,575.0 -8,362.0 -47,570.0
Indebtedness (Restructuring) 0.0 § 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,280.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,280.0WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 136
(ix) Foreign exchange
Statistics of the foreign exchange transaction is provided to the National Bank by authorized
banks.  The National Bank of Tajikistan prepares consolidated data on purchase-sales of foreign
currencies in the domestic market and prepares  information on the exchange rate used.  This
information is published in the Bulletin of the National Bank "Akhbor" and the Information Bulletin.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 137(b) Foreign trade statistics
(i) Foreign Trade (aggregates at the two-digit HS level)
Exports of the Republic of Tajikistan by Commodity Group
(in millions of US$)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Livestock and products livestock breeding 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1
Products of vegetation origin 1.8 2.0 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.0 23.8 25.3 15.8 19.2 18.2
Vegetable and animal oils and fats 0.4 0.0 - 0.1 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Products of food industry, alcoholic and
non-alcoholic drinks, tobacco and itssubstitutes4.5 10.3 17.9 10.3 4.0 104.6 12.7 9.5 11.7 11.6 8.8
Mineral products 0.5 2.1 3.1 3.4 126.1 187.5 159.0 117.9 176.5 93.8 80.9
Products of chemical industry 1.6 2.7 1.4 2.9 0.2 3.8 1.8 11.2 9.0 9.5 5.4
Plastic and products from them 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Leather raw materials, leather, peltry ware,
fur raw materials, and products from them0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 - 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4
Wood and products from wood 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paper stock, paper and paperboard waste,
and old paper stock0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.1 0,0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2
Textile and textile products 35.6 32.1 107.1 171.4 218.5 184.2 210. 4 148.3 129.6 130.2 104.3
Shoes, hats, and others 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Products from stone, gypsum, and cement 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.2 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0
P e a r l s ,  p r e c i o u s  m e t a l s ,  a n d  o t h e r s ---- 0 . 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 9 2 7 . 9 2 4 . 6 2 4 . 4 2 2 . 6
Non-precious metals 17.5 125.1 178.8 272. 9 390.9 284.3 259.8 240.2 312.8 436.6 399.9
Machinery, equipment, mechanisms,
their parts, and others3.4 13.5 10.4 7.6 3.5 3.1 4.9 3.8 2.5 15.2 2.5
Means of land, air, and sea transport 0.9 3.0 5.9 2.8 2.8 1.4 11.0 10.1 4.4 42.0 7.8
Optical equipment, musical instruments,
watches, etc.----- 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 4 0 . 1 0 . 0
Various industrial goods 0.2 0.8 22.1 18.3 2.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
P r o d u c t s  o f  a r t s ----- 0 . 0- 0 , 0- 0 . 0 0 . 0
O t h e r  u n - d e c o d e d  p r o d u c t s ------ 2 7 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 2 0 . 5 0 . 1
Total 67.9 192.5 349.8 491.9 748.6 770.1 745.7 596.6 688.7 784.3 651.5WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 138Imports of the Republic of Tajikistan by Commodity Group
(in million US$)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Livestock and products livestock breeding 4.3 2.5 4.1 1.9 - 0 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.9
Products of vegetation origin 8.0 40. 9 133.1 82.4 48.7 57.1 28.0 46.4 48.2 46.9 39.9
Vegetable and animal oils and fats 0.5 0.5 1.3 7.2 1.4 2.9 9.9 5.8 4.2 6.5 7.4
Products of food industry, alcoholic and non-
alcoholic drinks, tobacco and its substitutes5.9 2.0 18.6 7.8 5.7 89.2 39.6 28.2 16.3 14.9 10.6
Mineral products 5.1 39.0 218.7 303.6 593.6 360.1 425.0 398.3 388.2 254.0 257.2
Products of food industry, alcoholic and non-
alcoholic drinks, tobacco and its substitutes3.4 2.4 34.3 20.2 27.2 41.4 49.5 77.9 237.3 234.0
Plastic and products from them 1.4 2.2 2.3 1.9 6.2 3.6 8.0 8.8 5.5 5.6 9.6
Leather raw materials, leather, peltry ware, fur
raw materials, and products from them0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
Wood and products from wood 2.2 2.6 2.7 1.4 7.1 3.7 2.7 5.8 8.0 6.1 7.9
Paper stock, paper and paperboard waste, and old
paper stock0.7 2.4 1.2 1.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 27.5 3.1 3.0 9.1
Textile and textile products 12.6 22.7 23.9 8.8 5.6 4.7 7.0 10.1 7.8 6.9 9.7
Shoes, hats, and others 1.7 1.0 3.8 1.1 0.6 1.8 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.2 2.8
Products from stone, gypsum, and cement 0.7 1.5 2.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 3.2 7.1 5.0 5.3 6.5
Pearls, precious metals, and others 2.4 0.3 0.1 - 0.0 - 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0
Non-precious metals 3.4 17.6 18.1 10. 3 11.7 18.8 13.5 20.9 17.4 10.3 12.7
Machinery, equipment, mechanisms, their parts,
and others3.7 6.2 34.2 66.8 80.8 80.9 60.8 52.7 44.8 39.3 37.0
Means of land, air, and sea transport 3.8 3.4 6.6 0.7 12.4 10.9 25.6 38.1 26.3 26.3 32.8
Optical equipment, musical instruments, watches,
etc.0.0 - 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 4.3 0.8 1.8 3.2
Various industrial goods 2.9 3.2 20.6 35.9 12.8 3.5 0.9 2.9 4.3 4.9 4.7
P r o d u c t s  o f  a r t s ----- 0 . 0- 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 0
Other un-decoded goods ------ 7 6 . 3 1 . 0 1 . 4 2 . 5 1 . 4
Total 63.2 160.7 532.1 547.0 809.9 668.1 750.3 711.0 663.1 675.0 687.5WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 139(ii) Export statistics
1991-2001
1991 1992
Not calculated for Other
World Countries category 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to
US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total
Total 67.9 100.0 193 100.0 349.8 100.0 491.9 100.0 748.6 100.0 770.1 100.0 745.7 100.0 596.6 100.0 688.7 100.0 784.3 100.0 651.5 100.0
including:
CIS COUNTRIES 53.5 78.8 84.1 43.7 122.8 35.1 92.5 18.8 251.6 33.6 331.0 43.0 273.0 36.6 202.8 34.0 315.0 45.7 373.8 47.7 211.4 32.4
Customs Union countries 41.6 61.3 58.6 30.4 89.6 25.6 61.3 12.5 107.2 14.3 118.1 15.3 85.4 11.5 66.3 11.1 125.7 18.2 268.9 34.3 111 17.1
     Belarus 1.9 2.8 3.5 1.8 6.7 1.9 3.1 0.6 2.3 0.3 4.3 0.6 2.9 0.4 2.6 0.4 3.1 0.5 1.7 0.2 1.4 0.2
     Kazakstan 7.2 10.6 12.5 6.5 16.3 4.7 10.1 2.1 7.0 0.9 24.3 3.2 10.0 1.3 10.0 1.7 3.6 0.5 5.7 0.7 3.1 0.5
     Kyrgyz Republic 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 4.1 1.2 1.9 0.4 2.6 0.3 10.5 1.4 9.0 1.2 5.8 1.0 3.9 0.5 2.7 0.4 2.0 0.3
     Russian Federation 31.5 46.4 40.6 21.1 62.5 17.9 46.2 9.4 95.3 12.7 79.0 10.3 63.5 8.5 47.9 8.0 115.1 16.7 258.8 33.0 105 16.1
Other CIS countries 11.9 17.5 25.5 13.3 33.2 9.5 31.2 6.3 144.4 19.3 212.9 27.7 187.6 25.2 136.5 22.9 189.3 27.5 104.9 13.4 100.2 15.4
     Azerbaijan 0.7 1.0 3.3 1.7 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.1 2.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1
     A r m e n i a 0 . 6 0 . 9 0 . 3 0 . 2-  - 0 . 0 0 . 0-- 0 . 0 0 . 0------  --  -  -
     Georgia 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0  -  - - - 0.3 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0  -  -
     Moldova 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 3.4 1.0 1.4 0.3 - - 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  - -  -  -
     Turkmenistan 1.7 2.5 3.7 1.9 3.5 1.0 1.8 0.4 2.2 0.3 8.5 1.1 10.2 1.4 8.7 1.5 1.3 0.2 4.7 0.6 9.7 1.5
     Uzbekistan 4.2 6.2 7.7 4.0 20.3 5.8 22.7 4.6 132.0 17.7 190.7 24.8 172.5 23.1 125.7 21.1 181.0 26.3 97.8 12.5 87.2 13.4
     Ukraine 4.3 6.3 10.0 5.2 4.9 1.4 5.1 1.0 9.3 1.2 10.7 1.4 4.3 0.6 1.7 0.3 7.0 1.0 1.9 0.2 2.8 0.4
Other world countries 14.4 21.2 108 56.3 227.0 64.9 399.4 81.2 497.0 66.4 439.1 57.0 472.7 63.4 393.8 66.0 373.7 54.3 410.5 52.3 440 67.6
EUROPE 185.3 53.0 344.6 70.1 445.3 59.5 382.8 49.7 433.4 58.1 363.7 61.0 340.1 49.4 318.7 40.6 319 49.0
EU COUNTRIES 165.7 47.3 259.4 52.7 346.6 46.3 265.8 34.5 268.9 36.0 258.6 43.3 248.3 36.0 220.2 28.1 214 32.8
     Austria 10.8 3.1 16.7 3.4 9.7 1.3 3.5 0.5 5.2 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.1
     Belgium 15.2 4.3 30.5 6.2 32.7 4.4 5.5 0.7 14.7 2.0 12.8 2.1 7.0 1.0 5.1 0.7 6.0 0.9
     United Kingdom 119.9 34.3 30.3 6.2 20.7 2.8 15.2 2.0 6.5 0.9 5.1 0.9 5.5 0.8 6.0 0.8 2.5 0.4
     Germany 0.7 0.2 13.0 2.6 4.6 0.6 2.6 0.3 2.4 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0
     D e n m a r k -  -  -  --- 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0----  --  -  -
     Ireland -  -  -  - 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0  - -  -  -
     Spain -  - 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.0 0.3
     Italy 2.5 0.7 0.4 0.1 2.4 0.3 6.7 0.9 7.7 1.0 9.8 1.6 4.9 0.7 21.4 2.8 5.7 0.9
     Netherlands 1.1 0.3 147.6 30.0 255.2 34.1 218.0 28.3 229.4 30.8 221.4 37.1 222.3 32.3 178.2 22.7 194 29.8
     P o r t u g a l -  -  -  ------- 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 1 0 . 7 0 . 1 1 . 6 0 . 2
     Finland 7.8 2.2 18.1 3.7 20.1 2.7 8.9 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 - -  - - 0.1 0.0
     France -  -  -  - 0.2 0.0 4.4 0.6 2.2 0.3 5.8 1.0 3.8 0.6 1.9 0.2 0.1 0.0
     Greece 0.1 0.0 1.6 0.3 - - 0.1 0.0 - 0.1 0.0 3.7 0.5 6.0 0.8  -  -
     S w e d e n 7 . 6 2 . 2 0 . 8 0 . 2 ----0 . 3 0 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 1 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1401991 1992
Not calculated for Other
World Countries category 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to
US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total
Other European countries 1.6 2.4 1.3 0.7 19.8 5.6 85.2 17.4 98.7 13.2 117.0 15.2 164.2 22.1 105.1 17.7 91.8 13.4 98.5 12.5 106 16.2
     Bulgaria 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 - - 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0
     B o s n i a - H e r z e g o v i n a -  -  -  --------- 0 . 2 0 . 0  ----
     Hungary 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.7 13.5 1.8 10.5 1.4 12.8 1.7 0.9 0.2 - - 1.0 0.1 38.8 6.0
     Latvia 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 7.2 2.1 3.4 0.7 21.0 2.8 9.5 1.2 6.4 0.9 1.9 0.3 8.3 1.2 14.3 1.8 11.7 1.8
     Lithuania 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 4.5 1.3 13.6 2.8 9.1 1.2 5.6 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0  - -  -  -
     L i e c h t e n s t e i n -  -  -  --- 1 . 0 0 . 1------  --  -  -
     M a l t a - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - -
     Norway -  - 12.1 2.5 5.4 0.7 0.6 0.1 - - 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0  - -  -  -
     Poland 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.1 - - 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0
     Romania -  - 1.5 0.3 2.2 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0
     S a n - M a r i n o -  -  -  ----- 0 . 1 0 . 0-- 0 . 2 0 . 0  -- 0 . 0 0 . 0
     Slovakia -  - 3.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 3.8 0.5 0.9 0.1 4.2 0.7 6.3 0.9 9.9 1.3 2.6 0.4
     Slovenia -  -  -  - 3.9 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.0  - -  -  -
     Czech Republic 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.2 2.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 ----  --  -  -
     Switzerland 5.8 1.7 44.9 9.1 37.2 5.0 82.5 10.7 140.7 18.9 94.9 16.0 75.0 10.9 72.2 9.2 52.2 8.0
     Estonia 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 2.6 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
ASIA 26.5 7.6 27.6 5.6 36.3 4.8 45.4 5.9 34.2 4.6 28.0 4.7 32.2 4.7 90.1 11.5 119 18.3
     Afghanistan 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0 1.5 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.1 2.2 0.3 2.6 0.3 3.1 0.5
     Vietnam -  - 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 1.9 0.3 1.3 0.2 2.4 0.3 1.6 0.2 2.1 0.3
     I s r a e l 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 2 0 . 0-- 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0----  -- 0 . 0 0 . 0
     India -  - 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0  -  -
     I n d o n e s i a -  -  -  --------- 0 . 2 0 . 0  --  -  -
     J o r d a n 0 . 0 0 . 0  -  ------- 0 . 1 0 . 0--  --  -  -
     I r a q 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 7 0 . 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
     Iran -  - 1.4 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.7 0.2 3.5 0.5 13.6 2.3 13.5 2.0 12.5 1.6 29.9 4.6
     Cyprus 0.0 0.0  -  - 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 - - 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0  -  -
     PR of China 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.3 5.6 0.7 6.2 0.8 13.4 1.8 4.9 0.8 2.6 0.4 3.4 0.4 1.4 0.2
     DPR of Korea 0.5 0.1  -  - 3.3 0.4 5.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0  - -  -  -
    Lebanon 0.0 0.0
     M a l a y s i a -  -  -  ----- 0 . 0 0 . 0----  -  -  -  -
     Mongolia 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1  -  -  -  -  - -  -  -  -  - 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
     UAE -  -  -  - - - 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.1 6.0 1.0 2.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0
     Pakistan 0.8 0.2  -  - - - 1.5 0.2 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0
     Republic of Korea 0.9 0.3 2.9 0.6 9.3 1.2 24.9 3.2 3.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 7.4 1.1 10.9 1.4 7.0 1.1WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1411991 1992
Not calculated for Other
World Countries category 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to Mln.In %
to
US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total
     Saudi Arabia -  -  -  - - - 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
     S y r i a -  -  -  --- 0 . 0 0 . 0------ 0 . 1 0 . 0  -  -
     S A R  H o n g  K o n g -  -  -  --- 0 . 4 0 . 1 0 . 1 0 . 0----  -- 0 . 0 0 . 0
     Turkey 5.2 1.5 7.6 1.5 8.1 1.1 1.9 0.2 8.2 1.1 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.1 58.4 7.5 75.1 11.5
     Sri Lanka -  -  -  - - - 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 - - 0.4 0.1  - -  -  -
     J a p a n 1 7 . 7 5 . 1 1 1 . 0 2 . 2 8 . 2 1 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 0------  --  -  -
AMERICAS 15.1 4.3 27.1 5.5 15.3 2.1 10.8 1.4 4.7 0.6 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.2
     V i r g i n  i s l a n d s -  -  -  ------- 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0  -- 0 . 2 0 . 0
     C a n a d a -  -  -  ----- 0 . 0 0 . 0---- 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0
     P a n a m a -  -  -  - 0 . 5 0 . 1--------  --  -  -
     USA 15.1 4.3 27.1 5.5 14.8 2.0 10.8 1.4 4.7 0.6 1.7 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.1 1.0 0.2
AFRICA 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.5 0.1
     B e n i n -  -  -  -  ------ 0 . 0 0 . 0--  --  -  -
     Djibouti -  -  -  - - - 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0
     E g y p t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0
     C o n g o -  -  -  -  -------- 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 5 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 0
     M a u r i t a n i a - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
     Nigeria 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - -  - -  -  -
     C h a d -  -  -  ------- 0 . 1 0 . 0--  --  -  -
     S o m a l i a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 2 0 . 0 - -
     T u n i s i a -  -  -  ------- 0 . 0 0 . 0--  --  -  -
     S o u t h  A f r i c a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - -
     E q u a t o r i a l  G u i n e a -  -  -  --------- 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0  -  -
AUSTRALIA
A N D  O C E A N I A 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    A u s t r a l i a 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 142iii. Import of the Republic of Tajikistan by countries for 1991-2002
1991 1992
Figures were not calculated
for  the Other World
countries category19931994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toIn %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
to
total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total t otal US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total
Total 63.2 100.0 160.7 100.0 532.1 100.0 547.0 100.0 809.9 100.0 668.1 100.0 750.3 100.0 711.0 100.0 663.1 100.0 675.0 100.0 687.5 100.0
including:
CIS COUNTRIES 51.8 82.0 121.8 75.8 256 48.1 233.1 42.6 478.0 59.0 382.5 57.3 482.2 64.3 446.2 62.8 514.7 77.6 560 82.9 537.8 78.2
Custom Union countries 32.2 51.0 78.9 49.1 158 29.7 95.8 17.5 165.6 20.4 137.0 20.5 165.9 22.1 166.9 23.5 181.5 27.4 197 29.2 226.8 33.0
     Belarus 1.0 1.6 3.4 2.1 6.7 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 3.0 0.4 3.3 0.5 7.6 1.1 3.1 0.5 2.3 0.3 2.6 0.4
     Kazakstan 5.5 8.7 15.1 9.4 65.5 12.3 32.8 6.0 26.5 3.3 52.4 7.8 42.1 5.6 51.9 7.3 78.8 11.9 82.4 12.2 89.1 13.0
     Kyrgyz Republic 4.1 6.5 2.5 1.6 2.1 0.4 1.0 0.2 2.7 0.3 7.2 1.1 5.4 0.7 5.3 0.7 7.2 1.1 7.5 1.1 5.7 0.8
     Russian Federation 21.6 34.2 57.9 36.0 83.8 15.7 60.7 11.1 136.0 16.8 74.4 11.2 115.1 15.3 102.1 14.4 92.4 13.9 105 15.6 129.4 18.8
Other CIS countries 19.6 31.0 43.0 26.7 97.7 18.4 137 25.1 312.4 38.6 245.5 36.8 316.3 42.2 279.3 39.3 333.2 50.2 362 53.7 311.0 45.2
     Azerbaijan 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.5 1.8 0.3 15.6 2.3 63.1 9.4 33.5 4.9
     Armenia 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 -  - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
     Georgia 3.4 5.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1 -  - 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1
     Moldova 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 -  - 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
     Turkmenistan 3.4 5.4 18.0 11.2 26.0 4.9 39.4 7.2 57.4 7.1 26.3 4.0 29.6 4.0 31.3 4.4 15.2 2.3 29.3 4.3 62.3 9.1
     Uzbekistan 6.3 10.0 13.7 8.5 65.4 12.3 83.2 15.2 251.4 31.0 198.9 29.8 261.5 34.8 227.3 32.0 264.4 39.9 186 27.5 150.7 21.9
     Ukraine 4.8 7.6 9.0 5.6 4.4 0.8 13.6 2.5 2.2 0.3 19.2 2.9 20.7 2.7 16.6 2.3 37.7 5.7 84.3 12.5 63.6 9.3
Other world countries 11.4 18.0 38.9 24.2 276 51.9 314 57.4 331.9 41.0 285.6 42.7 268.1 35.7 264.8 37.2 148.4 22.4 115 17.1 149.7 21.8
EUROPE 251 47.1 255.0 46.6 281.8 34.8 221.9 33.2 229.5 30.5 202.9 28.5 121.3 18.3 82.8 12.3 66.7 9.7
EU COUNTRIES 227.0 42.6 129.7 23.7 210.2 26.0 107.7 16.2 28.9 3.8 26.6 3.7 83.0 12.5 29.1 4.3 41.4 6.0
     Austria 9.9 1.9 9.6 1.8 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 1.6 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1
     Belgium 21.0 3.9 22.8 4.2 25.1 3.1 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.1 2.5 0.4
     United Kingdom 16.4 3.1 68.0 12.4 161.2 19.9 78.3 11.7 10.1 1.3 3.8 0.5 70.5 10.7 2.6 0.4 2.5 0.4
     Germany 9.3 1.7 5.4 1.0 14.2 1.7 9.1 1.4 4.1 0.6 14.2 2.0 6.0 0.9 6.7 1.0 4.1 0.6
     Denmark 1.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 -  - 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0
     Ireland  -  - 1.9 0.3 3.8 0.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0
     Spain  -  -  -  - -  - 0.0 0.0 -  - 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.9 0.4
     Italy 5.4 1.0 0.8 0.1 -  - 1.4 0.2 2.2 0.3 2.6 0.4 3.9 0.6 17.3 2.6 20.0 2.9
     Netherlands  -  -  -  - -  - -  -  -  - 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0  - -  -  -
     Portugal 116 21.7 16.4 3.0 3.8 0.5 5.3 0.8 3.0 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0
     Finland 4.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.3 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0
     France 25.4 4.8 1.5 0.3 0.6 0.1 7.4 1.1 4.6 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0
     Greece 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -  - 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 1.1
     Sweden 18.4 3.5 2.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0  -  -
Other European countries 1.1 1.7 1.9 1.1 23.8 4.5 125 22.9 71.6 8.8 114.2 17.0 200.6 26.7 176.3 24.8 38.3 5.8 53.7 8.0 25.3 2.6
     A l b a n i a  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1431991 1992
Figures were not calculated
for  the Other World
countries category19931994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toIn %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
to
total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total t otal US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total
     Bulgaria 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 -  - 4.9 0.7 1.8 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0
     Bosnia-Herzegovina 0.0 0.0
     Hungary 3.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.1
     Gibraltar  -  -  -  - -  - -  - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0  - -  -  -
     Iceland  -  -  -  - -  - -  - 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -  -  - -  -  -
     Latvia 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.2 5.0 0.6 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.1 2.7 0.4
     Lithuania 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 4.3 0.8 13.6 2.5 0.7 0.1 1.9 0.3 2.6 0.3 3.5 0.5 3.3 0.5 5.9 0.9 2.6 0.4
     Liechtenstein  -  - 2.0 0.4 2.8 0.3 55.1 8.2 167.9 22.4 50.4 7.1 0.1 0.0  - -  -  -
     Malta 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0  -  - 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -  - -  -  - -  -  -
     Norway 5.3 1.0 6.6 1.2 7.9 1.0 -  - -  - 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1
     Poland 4.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 -  - 0.1 0.0 7.5 1.0 8.8 1.3 3.6 0.5 4.8 0.7 4.9 0.7
     Romania  -  -  -  - 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.5 41.0 6.1 10.8 1.6
     Slovakia  -  -  -  - 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0  - - 0.1 0.0
     Slovenia  -  -  -  - -  - -  - -  - 0.3 0.0 -  -  - -  -  -
     Czech Republic 0.6 0.1 2.4 0.4 1.4 0.2 1.4 0.2 1.0 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.1
     Switzerland 4.3 0.8 98.3 18.0 48.8 6.0 44.7 6.7 17.1 2.3 107.5 15.2 24.9 3.8 0.6 0.1 2.1 0.3
     Estonia 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.1 4.6 0.6 3.9 0.6 0.5 0.1 2.3 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
     Y u g o s l a v i a  -  -  -  ----  --  --  - 0 . 0 0 . 0  -- 0 . 1 0 . 0
ASIA 15.7 3.0 25.5 4.7 11.2 1.4 45.6 6.8 35.1 4.7 26.5 3.7 22.4 3.4 29.7 4.4 70.7 10.3
     Afghanistan 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
     B a n g l a d e s h  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - -
     Vietnam  -  -  -  - 0.6 0.1 -  - 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0
     Y e m e n  - - - - - - -   - - - - -   - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - -
     Israel  -  - 0.0 0.0 - - 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0
     India 0.0 0.0  -  - - - 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 34.4 5.0
     I n d o n e s i a  -  -  -  ----  --  --  - 0 . 0 0 . 0  --  -  -
     J o r d a n  -  -  -  ----  - 0 . 0 0 . 0-  - 0 . 0 0 . 0  --  -  -
     I r a q 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - -
     Iran  -  - 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 10.5 1.6 12.0 1.6 11.3 1.6 10.4 1.6 7.6 1.2 10.0 1.5
     Q a t a r  - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - -
     Cyprus 0.0 0.0  -  - 1.6 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0  - -  -  -
     PR of China 10.6 2.0 4.8 0.9 0.4 0.0 1.3 0.2 1.9 0.2 0.9 0.1 2.5 0.4 11.9 1.8 6.0 0.9
     DPR of Korea 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 - - 2.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1  -  -  - -  -  -
     K u w a i t  -  -  -  ----- 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0  -  -  -- 0 . 0 0 . 0
     L e b a n o n  -  -  -  ----- 0 . 1 0 . 0-  -  -  -  --  -  -
     M a l a y s i a 0 . 0 0 . 0  -  ----- 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0
     M o n g o l i a  - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1441991 1992
Figures were not calculated
for  the Other World
countries category19931994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toIn %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
to
total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total t otal US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total
     UAE  -  -  -  - -  - 6.6 1.0 7.1 1.0 4.9 0.7 4.0 0.6 2.8 0.4 4.9 0.7
     Oman  -  -  -  -  -  - 0.0 0.0 - - -  - 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0  -  -
     Pakistan  -  - 1.8 0.3 3.8 0.5 6.0 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
     Republic of Korea 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 7.1 1.1 5.5 0.8 1.3 0.2 1.6 0.2 2.1 0.3 4.2 0.6
     Saudi Arabia  -  -  -  -  -  - 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
     Syria  -  -  -  -  -  - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
     Singapore 0.0 0.0  -  -  -  - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
     Thailand  -  -  -  -  -  - -  - -  - -  - 0.1 0.0  - -  -  -
     T a i w a n  - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0
     Turkey 4.4 0.9 16.7 3.1 3.9 0.5 5.3 0.8 5.0 0.7 3.9 0.5 1.4 0.2 4.0 0.6 9.3 1.4
     Sri Lanka  -  -  -  -  -  - 0.1 0.0  -  - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
     P h i l i p p i n e s  - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - -
     Japan 0.3 0.1  -  -  -  - 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.2
AMERICAS 8.8 1.6 33.3 6.1 30.9 3.8 18.0 2.7 3.3 0.5 34.9 4.9 3.0 0.5 2.1 0.3 11.2 1.6
     A r g e n t i n a 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
     Bahamas  -  -  -  - -  - 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0  - -  -  -
     Brazil  -  -  -  - -  - -  - 0.0 0.0 -  - 0.1 0.0  - -  -  -
     Venezuela 8.3 1.2
     Virgin Islands  -  -  -  - -  - 8.6 1.3 0.4 0.1 31.3 4.4 -  -  - -  -  -
     Canada 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.2 5.5 0.7 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0
     Nicaragua  -  -  -  - -  - -  - -  - 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.1  - -  -  -
     Panama  -  - 0.3 0.1 -  - -  -  -  - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  -  -
     USA 8.7 1.6 31.9 5.8 25.4 3.1 7.4 1.1 2.8 0.4 1.4 0.2 1.7 0.3 1.3 0.2 2.8 0.4
     C h i l e  - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
AFRICA 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 8.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1
     B e n i n  - - - - - - - -   - - 0 . 1 0 . 0 - - - - - -
     G h a n a  -  -  -  --------- 1 . 1 0 . 2  --  -  -
     Djibouti  -  -  -  - - - 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0
     E g y p t  -  -  -  --- 0 . 0 0 . 0-----  -  --  -  -
     C o n g o  -  -  -  ----- 0 . 0 0 . 0---  - 0 . 2 0 . 1 0 . 1 0 . 0
     M a u r i t a n i a  - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
     M o r o c c o  -  -  -  ----- 0 . 0 0 . 0--  -  -  --  -  -
     N i g e r i a 0 . 3 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 0-----  -  --  -  -
     C h a d  - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 - - - -
     S o m a l i a  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 2 0 . 0
     E q u a t o r i a l  G u i n e a  -  -  -  - 8 . 0 1 . 0-------  - 0 . 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0
     S o u t h  A f r i c a  -  -  -  --------- 0 . 2 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1451991 1992
Figures were not calculated
for  the Other World
countries category19931994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toIn %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
toMln. In %
to
total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total t otal US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total
AUSTRALIA AND
OCEANIA 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0  -  - -  -  -  - 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.1
     Australia  -  -  -  -  -  - -  -  -  - 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.1
     New Zealand 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0  -  -  -  -  -  -   -   -    -  - -  -  -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 146
(iv) Imports and exports from main suppliers
(in thousand US$)
2000 2001 2000 2001Type of serviceExport Import
Hotel services 561.2 826.3  -  -
Processing of Uranium concentrate 357.3  -  -  -
Broadcasting of programs 2,576.6 2,789.3  -  -
Postal services 32.0 68.0 7.3 53.5
International goods transportation 27,646.3 2,159.0 4,756.6  -
International carriage of passengers 8,192.2 10,375.3 1.5  -
Lease of transportation means with a crew 3,619.2 4,141.4 2,824.6 876.8
Lease of transportation means without a crew 1,565.1 2,163.4 1,370.2 770.0
Transportation commission and payment of
transportation services  - 321.8 28,519.7 36,415.4
Procurement of fuel and other goods  -  - 2,175.4 3,834.5
Expenditures on processing and storing of cargo,payment of duties  -  - 3,224.0 4,995.6
Other expenditures of transportation companies  -  - 20,288.6 351.9
Expenditures of a plane crew  - 250.7 76.9 169.8
Phone services 254.4 237.4 579.8 251.6
Educational services 368.3 277.8  -  -
Air traffic control services 139.2 430.9 141.3 1,053.7
Tourist Agencies services 3.8 30.4  - 90.4
Railroading 10,038.1 35,547.8  - 3.4
Transportation of natural gas  - 6,600.1  -  -
Construction services  -  -  - 2,743.9
Engineering services  -  -  - 0.3
Financial management advisory services  -  -  - 49.1
CIS countries     
Total 46,353.7 55,492.1 38,150.6 11,258.6
Hotel services 319.6 525.5  -  -
Broadcasting of programs 597.4 161.9  -  -
Postal services 5.2 11.2 2.8 4.3
Processing of Uranium concentrate 357.3  -  -  -
International goods transportation 27,403.6 521.2 3.8  -
International carriage of passengers 4,322.8 7,696.8 1.5  -
Lease of transportation means with a crew 1,998.1 1,570.0 2,824.6 873.9
Lease of transportation means without a crew 1,024.0 2,080.0 1,294.5 741.6
Transportation commission and payment oftransportation services  - 321.8 9,575.6 3,076.0
Procurement of fuel and other goods  -  - 1,348.4 2,517.7
Expenditures on processing and storing of cargo,payment of duties  -  - 2,623.5 3,504.9
Other expenditures of transportation companies  -  - 19,901.3 351.9
Expenditures of a plane crew  - 250.7 2.5 3.5
Phone services 250.2 198.7 572.1 171.2
Educational services 37.4 6.4  -  -
Railroading 10,038.1 35,547.8  - 3.4
Transportation of natural gas  - 6,600.1  -  -
Air traffic control services  -  -  - 10.2
Non-CIS countries     
Total 9,000.0 10,727.5 25,815.3 40,401.3
Hotel services 241.6 300.8  -  -
Broadcasting of programs 1,979.2 2,627.4  -  -WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 147
2000 2001 2000 2001Type of serviceExport Import
Postal services 26.8 56.8 4.5 49.2
International goods transportation 242.7 1,637.8 4,752.8  -
International carriage of passengers 3,869.4 2,678.5  -  -
Lease of transportation means with a crew 1,621.1 2,571.4  - 2.9
Lease of transportation means without a crew 541.1 83.4 75.7 28.4
Transportation commission and payment of
transportation services  -  - 18,944.1 33,339.4
Procurement of fuel and other goods  -  - 827.0 1,316.8
Expenditures on processing and storing of cargo,payment of duties  -  - 600.5 1,490.7
Other expenditures of transportation companies  -  - 387.3  -
Expenditures of a plane crew  -  - 74.4 166.3
Phone services 4.2 38.7 7.7 80.4
Educational services 330.9 271.4  -  -
Services of tourist agencies 3.8 30.4  - 90.4
Air traffic control services 139.2 430.9 141.3 1,043.5
Construction services  -  -  - 2,743.9
Engineering services  -  -  - 0.3
Financial management advisory services  -  -  - 49.1
Total 55,353.7 66,219.6 63,965.9 51,659.9WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 148
(v) Trade by geographic areas (main trade partners)
(in thousand US$)
Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
CIS countries 8,880.1 47,058. 5 38,663.6 46,353.7 55,492.1
Customs Union 7,897.1 11,150.1 6,486.6 7,015.6 9,351.7
Belarus 0.6 10.1 6.8 13.4 98.6
Kazakstan 2,640 1,979.2 1,582.5 1,700.2 1,879.0
Kyrgyz Republic 116.6 101.6 1,126.2 133.8 162.3
Russian Federation 5,139.9 9,059.2 3,771.1 5,168.2 7,211.8
Other CIS countries 983.0 35,90 8.4 32,177.0 39,338.12 46,140.4
Azerbaijan  - 4.1 11.1 0.3 0.9
Armenia  - 4.1  -  - 0.2
Georgia  - 0.4 0.8  - 0.6
Moldova  - 9.2 0.1 0.02 3.0
Turkmenistan 296.9 1,073.9 168.6 198.8 758.8
Uzbekistan 685.9 34,724.4 31, 860.2 39,131.3 45,240.0
Ukraine 0.2 92.3 136.2 7.7 136.9
Non-CIS countries 1,808.5 11,040.6 11,034.7 9,000.06 10,727.5
Europe 86.3 757.24 26,53.62 1,641.55 2,550.7
Austria  -  - 1.4 22.2 1.8
A l b a n i a  - - - 0 . 1 -
Belgium  -  - 0.1 2.4 1.8
Bulgaria  - 0.6 0.3 35.2 1.8
United Kingdom 60.3 127 13 30.9 22.6
Hungary 17.4 2.2  - 3.3 2.8
Germany 0.6 20.5 252.7 759.1 1,894.5
Greece  -  -  - 1.4 1.9
Denmark  - 2.4 5.2 1.6 2.3
Spain  - 0.01 4.1 0.6 4.1
I r e l a n d  - - - 0 . 0 1  
Italy 2.4 9.8 11.9 2.8 8.1
Latvia  - 22 556.5 2.9 32.9
Lithuania  - 0.2 1 0.2 40.2
Netherlands  - 0.1 5.2 7.8 2.9
Norway  -  -  - 0.02 3.9
Poland  - 8.7 5.9 5.9 5.1
P o r t u g a l  - - - - 3 . 2
Slovakia  -  - 0.7 2.5 1.0
R o m a n i a  - - - 6 . 1 4 . 8
Finland  - 0.03 0.02 0.1 0.9
France 1 6.1 12.5 8.3 39.4
C r o a t i a  - - - - 0 . 2
Czech Republic  - 6.6 2.2 41.6 0.2
Switzerland 4.6 539.6 1,774.5 695.7 455.4
Sweden  - 11.2 1.5 1.7 1.6
Estonia  - 0.2 4.8 9.1 16.0
Yugoslavia  -  - 0.1 0.02 1.3
Asia 873.8 7,343.41 6,432.14 4,175.94 5,118.0
Afghanistan  - 23.2 28.8 14.8 5.9
Bangladesh  -  - 0.01 0.02 0.0
Vietnam  - 0.01  - 3.6 0.4
Israel  -  - 13.5 4.0 1.3
India  - 1,160.0 342.6 804.1 591.4
Iran 350.3 1,191.2 2,828.4 1,168.1 649.2
J o r d a n  - - - 1 . 9 0 . 6WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 149
Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
PR of China 3.7 5 35.1 14.6 29.0
Cyprus  -  -  - 0.3 0.1
Kuwait  -  - 0.1  -  -
Republic of Korea 4.7 2.1 8.5 9.8 4.2
L i b y a  - - - 3 . 1 -
Malaysia  -  - 0.3  -  -
Mongolia  -  - 0.03 0.02 0.1
N e p a l  - - - 3 . 9 -
UAE 490 2,656.8 2,160.5 1,125.4 2,836.1
Pakistan 8.5 1,194.2 436.1 388.7 152.8
Saudi Arabia 14.2 429.5 171.9 134 4.2
Syria  - 81.7  - 4.8 1.3
SAR Hong Kong  -  - 0.1  -  -
Turkey 2.4 595.9 386.6 484.8 827.8
Philippines  - 3.2 1.4 1.4 1.3
Japan  - 0.6 18.2 8.6 12.3
Africa  - 824.4 295.34 1,113.67 300.4
A l g e r i a  - - - 0 . 0 2 0 . 0
Benin  - 104.3  -  -  -
Ghana  -  - 0.02  -  -
Guinea  -  -  - 391.6  -
Djibouti  - 506.4 95.2 200.0 210.9
Egypt  -  - 1.2  -  -
Congo  -  - 198.6 478.5 88.8
Libya  -  - 0.3 0.05  -
M a u r i t a n i a  - - - 1 . 3 -
N i g e r i a  - - - 2 . 2 -
Somalia  -  - 0.02  -  -
Chad  - 213.6  - 40.0  -
T a n z a n i a  - - - - 0 . 3
S o u t h  A f r i c a  - - - - 0 . 4
Americas 848.4 2,109.6 1,644.8 2,068.7 2,756.8
A r g e n t i n a  - - - - 0 . 8
Bolivia  -  - 0.1  - 0.0
B r a z i l  - - - - 0 . 6
Canada  - 15.5 5.3 6.9 6.3
USA 848.4 2,094.1 1,639.3 2,061.8 2,749.1
Australia and Oceania  - 5.9 8.8 0.2 1.6
Australia and Oceania  - 5.9 8.8 0.2 1.2
N e w  Z e a l a n d  - - - - 0 . 4
Total 10,688.6 58,099.1 49, 698.3 55,353.8 66,219.6WT/ACC/TJK/3
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- Import of internationa l services by country
(in thousand US$)
Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
CIS countries 15,876.7 16,595. 4 33,003.7 38,150.6 11,258.6
Customs Union 11,047.7 10,620.3 8,975.9 12,388.0 9,057.1
Belarus 3.3 199.1 100.9 35.8 20.8
Kazakstan 1,504.1 2,084.5 1,815.2 1,566.3 891.0
Kyrgyz Republic 4.3 124.3 132.9 187.8 268.4
Russian Federation 9,536.0 8,212.4 6,926.9 10,598.1 7,876.9
Other CIS countries 4,829.0 5,975.1 24,027.8 25,762.6 2,201.5
Azerbaijan  - 28.5 180.6 715.0 307.2
Armenia  - 0.1 0.1  - 171.4
Georgia  - 40.0 15.0 1.0 1.0
Moldova 0.4 6.2 14.5 47.6 0.1
Turkmenistan 6.4 680.2 364.8 414.3 206.8
Uzbekistan 4,804.8 4,923.2 22,656.6 24,244.9 1,501.6
Ukraine 17.4 296.9 796.2 339.8 13.4
Non-CIS countries 23,612.1 29,42 3.6 25,481.6 25,815.3 40,401.3
Europe 9,837.7 24,672.1 23,586.6 24,498.9 34,999.7
Austria 199.0  -  - 18.8  -
Belgium  -  - 0.1 0.0 0.0
Bulgaria  - 1.6 0.3 0.0  -
United Kingdom 2,416.0 2.2 7,763.5 23,658.4 33,339.4
Hungary  - 4.8  -  - 0.0
Germany 0.1 40.0 60.3 165.7 881.5
Denmark  -  - 1.0 1.7 1.1
S p a i n  - - - 0 . 0 -
I t a l y  - - - 0 . 0 2 . 0
Latvia 0.2 25.3 18.5 67.4 4.4
Lithuania 0.3 14.4 19.7 8.3 11.6
Liechtenstein 6,032.0 23,964.0 14,653.3  -  -
Luxemburg  -  - 0.0  -  -
Netherlands  -  -  - 0.2 3.1
Poland  - 75.0 40.6  - 0.0
Slovakia  -  - 0.0  -  -
F i n l a n d  - - - - 0 . 1
France  - 0.4 0.0  -  -
Czech Republic  - 0.9 0.0 27.2 0.0
Switzerland 1,190.0 525.8 1,011.6 548.0 741.0
Croatia  - 0.0  -  -  -
Estonia 0.1 17.7 17.6 3.2 15.5
Asia 13,774.4 4,701.4 1,894.6 1,313.9 5,359.8
Israel 15.9  - 0.6 0.2 0.6
Jordan 2.2  -  -  -  -
India  - 275.4 117.6 111.2 138.6
Iran 17.1 265.7 575.6 90.5 29.2
Y e m e n  - - - 0 . 0  
Cyprus 13,628.0 1.4 145.9 0.7  -
PR of China 2.0  - 22.0 0.0 1.1
Republic of Korea  - 2,469.0 0.0 0.0 1.8
UAE 8.6 879.3 453.9 543.3 1,372.6
Pakistan 15.4 112.6 52.3 104.9 60.1
Saudi Arabia  - 3.5 70.3 49.6 0.0
Syria  - 24.1  -  - 0.0
Turkey 80.3 670.4 456.4 413.5 3,755.8WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Philippines 4.9  -  -  -  -
Africa  -  - 0.024 0.003 0
Egypt  -  - 0.004 0.003  -
Tanzania  -  - 0.01  -  -
Tunisia  -  - 0.01  -  -
Americas  - 50.1 0.418 2.513 41.8
Brazil  -  -  - 0.003 0.0
Canada  -  - 0.001 0.9 0.4
Cuba  -  - 0.01  -  -
Mexico  -  - 0.003 0.01 0.0
Nicaragua  -  - 0.004  -  -
Panama  - 2.0  -  -  -
USA  - 48.1 0.4 1.6 41.4
Total 39,488.8 46,019.0 58, 485.3 63,965.9 51,659.9WT/ACC/TJK/3
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ANNEX 2
LIST OF LAWS AND NORMATIVE ACTS
Normative acts are divided into laws and by-laws.  Laws may be of three types, such as 1)
Constitution, 2) constitutional acts, and 3) laws.  These acts except for the Constitution are adopted by
the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan and sign ed by the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan has th e supreme legal force in the system of laws and
legal-regulatory acts and is adopted by the referendum.  By-laws are other acts of various power
bodies.  They are adopted to help implement laws and they should not contradict to laws.  By-laws
include decrees of the President, resolutions of the Government, acts of ministries and administrative
bodies.  Below follows the hierarchy of normative acts according to legal force.  One should note that
only date of approval and putting into effect are specified here.
As soon as the translation into English has been completed, the relevant legal texts will be
transmitted to the WTO secretariat.
1. Laws and normative acts regulating foreign economic activities of the Republic of
Tajikistan, activity of the foreign trade reg ulating and custom authorities; responsible
agencies
Laws:
− "On Putting into Effect of the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan" of
4 November 1995.  Amendments of 14 May 1999;
− "On Customs Tariff" of 4 November 1995.  Amendments of 6 August 2001.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan:
− "On Establishment of the Ministry on State Revenues and Duties of the Republic of
Tajikistan," No. 745 of 24 January 2002.
Resolutions of the Government:
− "On Customs Duty Rates for Imports," No. 392 of 3 September 1996;
− "On Procedure To Transport Goods Not Intended for Production or Any Other
Commercial Activity over the Customs Border of the Republic of Tajikistan by
Individuals," No. 596 of 28 September 1995;
− "On Procedure of Transportation of Goods and Vehicles over the Customs Border of the
Republic of Tajikistan by Individuals," No. 284 of 4 July 1997;
− "On Elimination of Export Customs Duties," No. 406 of 2 September 1997;
− "On Description of Flag and Identification of Customs Bodies of the Republic of
Tajikistan," No. 453 of 21 October 1997;
− "On Approval of Disciplinary Charter of Cu stoms Bodies of the Republic of Tajikistan,"
No. 568 of 27 December 1997;
− "On Measures on sale of goods subject to excise stored at customs warehouses," No. 453
of 20 November 1998;
− "On Customs Tariff of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 1 of 7 January 1990;
− "On Uniform and Norms of Clothing Allowance for Customs Officials of the Republic of
Tajikistan," No. 367 of 4 February 1999;
− "On Export and Import Tariffs of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 436 of 27 June 1995.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Departmental normative acts:
− Instruction on Customs Processing Proc edure for Goods Imported to the Custom
Territory of the Republic of Tajikistan as Humanitarian and Technical Assistance, No. 13,
of 19 February 2001;
− Instruction on Completion of Customs Valu e Adjustment Form 1 and Customs Value
Adjustment Form 2.  Approved by Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of
the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 77, of 12 June 2001;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Approval of Regulation on the Customs Regime for Goods Transit overthe Customs Territory of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 124, of 6 April 1999;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Approval of Regulation on the Customs Regime for Re-Imported Goodsover the Customs Territory of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 88, of 8 April 1998;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Approval of List of Goods Which are Not Subject to Temporary Import
(Export) Customs Regime," No. 99, of 20 March 1999;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Measures to Strengthen Cont rol over Customs Value of Goods," No. 77,
of 12 June 2001;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "Regulation on Free Warehouses," No. 561, of 3 May 2001;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Measure to Strengthen Control over Customs Value of Goods," No. 77, of
12 June 2001;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Customs Regime to Destroy Goods," No. 142, of 6 September 1996;
− Instruction on Completion of Customs Value Declaration." Approved by Decree of the
Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan,No. 77, of 12 June 2001;
− Instruction on Procedure to Pay Fees and Apply Tariffs in Order to Obtain License for
Production and Broadcasting of TV and Radio Programs. Approved by Decree of the
Chairman of TV and Radio Broadcasting Co mmittee of the Government of the Republic
of Tajikistan No. 52, of 2 August 2000.
Responsible organizations:
− Government of the Republic of Tajikistan; and
− Ministry on State Revenues and Duties of the Republic of Tajikistan.
2. Laws and normative acts related to non-tariff regulation of import, exports, and transit
trade; rules of origin; responsible agencies
Decrees of the President:
− "On Restriction of Administrative Interference in the Foreign Exchange Market
Functioning," No. 247, of 3 March 2000;
− "On Liberalization of Foreign Exchange and Export Operations and on Measures to
Ensure Full Return of Foreign Exchange Proceeds" No. 424, of 24 February 1996;
− "On Amending Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Liberalization
of Foreign Exchange and Export Operations and on Measures to Ensure Full Return of
Foreign Exchange Proceeds," No. 1249, of 13 July 1999;WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− "On Measures to Ensure Macroeconomic Stabilization and Improve Foreign Exchange
Market Functioning," No. 763, of 16 July 1997.
Resolutions of the Government:
− "On Procedure to Attest, Accredit, and License Education Institutions of the Republic of
Tajikistan," No. 50, of 17 January 1997;
− "Regulation on Procedure to License Activities to Provide Legal Assistance as Attorney,"
No. 42, of 18 February 1998;
− "On Procedure to License Activities and Services in Energy Sector of the Republic of
Tajikistan," No. 591, of 30 December 2001;
− "On Re-Export of Goods and Procedure to Issue Permits for Re-Export," No. 412, of
19 August 1994;
− "On Issuing a License for Export of Herbal Raw Materials for Tajikpharmindustria
Committee of the Ministry of Health," No. 65, of 21 February 1996;
− "On Measures to Develop and Improve International Road Transportation in the Republic
of Tajikistan," No. 123, of 26 March 1997;
− "On Measures to Improve Domestic Goods Promotion in Foreign Market," No. 237, of
8 June 2001;
− "On Measures to Improve Foreign Economic Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan"
No. 111, of 19 February 1997;
− "On Setting Up Excise Rates for Selected G oods Produced in the Republic of Tajikistan
and Imported into the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 533, of 1 December 2001; and
− "On Approval of Regulation to Control Export from the Republic of Tajikistan
Chemicals, Equipment, and Technology of  Peaceful Function but Which May Be Used
when creating Chemical Weapons."
Departmental normative acts:
− Regulation on Customs regime of Goods Transi t of the Republic of Tajikistan" Approved
by Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic
of Tajikistan, No. 209 of 28 December 1996;
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Approval of List of Goods, Which are Not Subject to Temporary Import
(Export) Customs Regime" No. 99, of 20 March 1999; and
− Decree of the Chairman of the Customs Committee of the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan "On Customs Regime to Destroy Goods" No. 142, of 6 September 1996;
Responsible organizations:
− Government of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry on State Revenues and Duties, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Industry, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Health, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Culture, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Finance, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Economy and Trade, Republic of Tajikistan; and
− Ministry of Nature Protection, Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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3. Laws and regulations related to foreign investment:  responsible agencies
Laws:
− "On Foreign Exchange Regulation and Fo reign Exchange Control," No. 112, of
4 November 1995;
− "On Foreign Economic Activity," No. 869, of 27 December 1993;
− "On Foreign Investment," No. 498, of 10 March 1992.  Amendment No. 893 of
11 December 1999;
− "On Concessions," No. 429, of 15 May 1997; and
− "On Government Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity," No. 822, of
3 September 1999.
 Resolutions of the Government:
− "On Procedure to Assign Products (Works, Services) to Products Produced by Enterprises
with Foreign Investment in the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 7, of 5 January 1995;
− "On Establishment of Interagency Council on Economic Reform, Entrepreneurship, and
Foreign Investment under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 200, of15 March 1995;
− "On Procedure to Register participants of Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of
Tajikistan," No. 316, of 11 July 1994;
− "On Additional Measures Regarding Economic Security of the Republic of Tajikistan,"
No. 474, of 13 September 1993; and
− "On Protection of Foreign Investment and Interests of Foreign Firms in the Republic of
Tajikistan," No. 19, of 10 September 1991.
Responsible organizations:
− Government of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Economy and Trade, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Finance, Republic of Tajikistan; and
− Committee of State Financial Control under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.
4. Other laws and normative acts regulating economic areas, which affect trade:
responsible agencies
Laws:
− Civil Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, No. 429, part 1, of 30 June 1999.
− Amendment: No. 41, of 6 August 2001;
− Civil Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, No. 885, part 2, of 11 December 1999;
− Criminal Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, No. 575, of 25 May 1998. Amendments:
No. 684, of 13 November 1998; No. 877, of 10 December 1999;
− Code of the Republic of Tajikistan on Administrative Violations, of 5 December 1985;
Amendments: 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999,2000, 2001;
− Land Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, No. 327, of 30 June 1999.  Amendments:
No. 498, of 12 December 1997; No. 746, of 14 May 1999; No. 15, of 12 May 2001;
− Tax Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, No.  664, of 12 November 1996.  Amendment:
No. 34, of 6 August 2001;
− "On Privatization of State-Owned Property," No. 464, of 16 May 1997;
− "On Public Associations," No. 644, of 23 May 1998;WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− "On Joint-Stock Companies" of 24 December 1991; Amendments: No. 337, of
14 December 1996; No. 498 of 12 December 1997; No. 634 of 22 May 1998;
− "On Securities and Stock Exchanges," No. 552 of 10 March 1992.  Amendments:
No. 126 of 4 November 1995; No. 638 of 22 May 1998;
− "On Bankruptcy," No. 550 of 10 May 1992; Amendments: 1996; No. 421 of
15 May 1997; No. 624 of 22 May 1998;
− "On Protection of Consumer Rights," No. 438, 15 May 1997;
− "On Courts," No. 30 of August, 2001;
− "On Precious Metals and Stones," No. 21 of 12 May 2001;
− "On Import and Export of cultural values" No. 42, 6 August 2001;
− "On Government and Government-Guara nteed Borrowing and Debt," No. 886,
11 December 1999;
− "On Accounting," No. 750, of 14 May 1999;
− "On Banks and Banking Activity," No. 648 of 23 May 1998;
− "On Auditor Activity," No. 602 of 2 May 1998;
− "On State Statistics," No. 431 of 15 May 1997;
− "On National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 383 of 14 December 1996.
Amendment:  No. 14 of 12 May 2001;
− "On Customs Tariffs," No. 200 of 4 Nove mber 1995; Amendment: of 6 August 2001;
− "On Mortgage," No. 14 of 22 May 1994; Amendments:  No. 421 15 May 1997; No. 626
of 22 May 1998;
− "On Competition and Restrictions of Monopolistic Activities in Commodity Markets,"
No. 11 of 29 November 2000;
− "On Government Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity," No. 822 of
3 September 1999;
− "On Chamber of Commerce of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 603 of 22 May 1998;
− "On Government Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services," No. 551 of
12 December 1997.
Presidential decrees:
− "On Further Liberalization of Foreign Trade in the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 261 of
27 June 1995;
− "On Reorganization of Agricultural Enterprises," No. 478 of 2 February 2001;
− "On Measures to Accelerate Corporatization of Enterprises," No. 631 of
29 December 1996;
− "On Priority Measures to Deepen Economic Transformation and Accelerate Transition
towards Market Relations," No. 8 of 3 December 1994;
− "On Strengthening Government Regulation with Regard to Ethyl Alcohol and Alcoholic
Production Turnover," No. 1143 of 29 December 1998.
Resolutions of the Government:
− "On Measures to Further Improve Exchange Trade in the Republic of Tajikistan,"
No. 533 of 30 December 1998;
− "On Measures to Improve Promotion of Dome stic Goods at Foreign "Market," No. 237 of
8 June 2001;
− "On Excise Rates on goods imported to the Republic of Tajikistan from outside of the
CIS States," No. 109 of 19 February 1997;
− "On Measures to Improve Foreign Economic Activity in the Republic of Tajikistan,"
No. 111 of 19 February 1997;WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− "On Comprehensive Measures of Government Regulation Regarding Purchase,
Processing, Import, Export, and Wholesales  of Tobacco and Tobacco Products," No. 453
of 27 October 1999;
− "On Approval of the Regulation on Forming and Using Free Prices and Tariffs for
Products of Production and Technical Use, Consumer Goods and Services," No. 202 of26 June 1998;
− "On Free (Market) prices and Excise Rate for Vodka", No. 415 of 26 October 1992;
− "On Excise Rates on Tobacco Products," No. 413 of 26 October 1992;
− "On Measures to Strengthen Government S upport of Small Entrepreneurship in the
Republic of Tajikistan," No. 59 of 20 February 1998;
− "On Quotas on import of Ethyl Alcohol to the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 461 of
21 October 1997;
− "On Organizing Work to Reveal Government Enterprises subject to Bankruptcy and to
Their Recovery," No. 124 of 31 January 1995;
− "On Recommencement of Procedure of Government Regulation and Declaration of Prices
for Products, (Works and Services) of Enterprises –Monopolists. On Introduction ofAmendments to the Procedure," No. 358 of 19 July 1994;
− "On Approval of Average Land Ta x Rates," No. 195 of 19 April 2001;
− "On Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan," No. 87 of 4 March 2002;
− "On Approval of Provisions Related to Go vernment Regulation of Ethyl Alcohol and
Alcoholic Production and Turnover" No. 131 of 7 April 1999;
− "On Setting up Excise Rates on Selected Goods Produced in the Republic of Tajikistan
and imported to the Republic of Tajikistan" No. 117 of 31 March 1999;
− "On Approval of Provisions on Trade Representation of the Republic of Tajikistan
Abroad" No. 197 of 6 May 1993;
− "On Establishing Government Control Over Use and Sales of Exports Produced in the
Republic of Tajikistan," No. 317 of 30 June 1993;
− "On Introduction of Government Monopoly over Tobacco and Tobacco Products"
No. 522 of 15 October 1993;
− "On Protection of Consumer Market of the Republic of Tajikistan against Penetrating
Poor Quality Goods," No. 97 of 16 March 1999;
− "On Approval of Securities Market Development Program in the Republic of Tajikistan"
No. 258 of 19 June 2000;
− "On Approval of Regulation on Broker and Dealer Activity in Securities Market" No. 502
of 29 December 2000;
− Instruction on Procedure to Calculate and Pay Land Tax.  Approved by Resolution of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 188 of 3 May 1995; and
− Instruction on Procedure to Calculate and Pay Excises.  Approved by Resolution of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 238 of 18 June 1999.
Responsible organizations:
− Government of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Industry, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Economy and Trade, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry on State Revenues and Duties, Republic of Tajikistan;
− State Property Committee, Republic of Tajikistan;
− Committee of State Financial Control under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− Ministry of Finance, Republic of Tajikistan; and
− Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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5. Indications where to find legal texts concerning intellectual property rights, technical
barriers and trade in services
Legal texts concerning Technical Barriers to Trade are listed in Annex  5.
Legal Texts concerning Trade in Services are referred to in section VI. of the Memorandum.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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ANNEX 3
Information on Import Licensing Procedures
I. OUTLINE OF SYSTEMS
1. General description
Many goods can be imported to the Republic of Tajikistan without a license.  However, there
is a limited category of goods, which can negatively affect health of citizens, consumer and ecological
well-being or national security and requires a license for import.
II. PURPOSES AND COVERAGE OF LICENSING
Import licensing procedures in the Republic of Tajikistan are required for special categories
of goods, such as alcohols, tobacco, and narcotics.
This system is applied to goods originating and imported from all countries, including CIS
countries.
The licensing system is intended to provide health care of population, consumers' and
ecological well-being, and national security.
Import licensing is regulated by Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
No. 48 of 19 February 1999 "On Complex Measures to Strengthen State Regulation on
Production and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol and Alcohol Products", Resolution of the Government of
the Republic of Tajikistan No. 131 of 7 April 1999 "On Approval of Regulations Regarding State
Regulation on Production and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol and Alcohol Products", Resolution of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 453 of 27 October 1999 "On Complex Measures
Regarding State Regulation on Imports, Exports, and Wholesale of Tobacco Products", as well as by
Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 465 of 9 December 2000 "Onapproval of the Regulation on the order of license issue in the area of legal turnover of narcotics,
psychotropic substances, and precursors".
III. PROCEDURES
An application to issue license should be considered within one month from the moment the
application is submitted.  In case reorganization, change of name or legal address of an entity, changeof type of activity, as well as loss of a license, the licensee shall apply for a revalidating license within
15 days.  Licenses are issued for one year.  Licenses are revalidated pursuant to license issuing
procedures.
IV. ELIGIBILITY OF IMPORTERS TO APPLY FOR LICENCE
In general, all individuals, firms, and entities are entitled to apply for a license to import
goods.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 160
VI. DOCUMENTATION AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICATION FOR
LICENCE
1. What  information is required in applications?
An application should include the following:
− name of entity, organizational-legal form, legal address, number of a bank settlement
account, and name of a bank branch where the account is opened;
− specific type of activity regarding legal turnover of narcotics, psychotropic substances,
and precursors;
− measures to be taken accounting for and securing narcotics, psychotropic substances, and
precursors.
2. What documents are required upon actual importation?
The application shall be accompanied by:
− constituent documents of entity;
− for entities involved in sale and storing of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and
precursors, a copy of license for pharmaceutical activities issued by the Ministry of
Health of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− certificate of an expert confirming his professional background, which permits
implementation of a specific activity; and
− decision of a territorial interior department on conditions to store narcotics, psychotropic
substances, and precursors in premises where an activity is expected to be implemented.
The application to receive a certificate to import in or permission to export should include the
name of the narcotic, psychotropic, and precursor, its international title, form, and quantity, includingits equivalent as dry substance.  To the application should be attached a copy of the agreement
concluded with the supplier of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and precursors.
The license is signed by a chairman and co-chairman of the licensing committee and is
officially sealed by their entities.
The licensing committee is entitled to oppose authenticity of documents submitted.
The applicant is responsible for authenticity of documents submitted pursuant to legislation of
the Republic of Tajikistan.
Terms and Conditions of issuing licenses for tobacco products import:
− application to issue license indicating the full title of entity, its forms of ownership, legal
address, number of bank account, name of a bank, type of activity, and the license
validation period;
− copy of passport for an entity (production);
− document confirming payments of fees to consider an application for issuing of license;
− copy of certificate on state registration of an enterprise;
− copy of notarized constituent documents (Statute);
− findings of fire authorities, power consumption controlling bodies, and sanitary
epidemiological service with regard to comp liance with main and auxiliary premises, fire
security requirements, power supply, and construction norms and standards;WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 161
− findings of State Standardization Committee on technical and meteorological equipping
of production, availability of technology e quipment, normative-technical documentation
confirming relevant conditions to produce and store products pursuant to state standards;
− copy of certificate on foreign economic activities issued by the Ministry of Economy and
Trade;
− confirmation (decision) of future contracts issued by the Ministry of Agriculture; and
− confirmation of fees paid to the budget.
The applicant shall not be required to submit documents not specified by this Regulation.
The Corporation "Khurokvori" (hereinafter Corporation) should register, consider documents
submitted, which are related with licensing of provision, processing, imports, exports, wholesale of
fermented tobacco and tobacco products, and take relevant decisions.
Upon receipt of notification that a license has been issued, the applicant pays related fees for
issuing license and confirmation documents (bill, receipt) are submitted to the Corporation.
Fees for licenses on purchase, processing, an d wholesale of tobacco  and tobacco products
Fees
For issuing licenses to:Entities, regardless of forms of propertyIn national currency equivalent to US$
US$300.00(for one year of license validity)
3. Is there any licensing or administrative charge?  If so, what is the amount of the fee or
charge?
- Terms and Conditions of setting quotas for export, import and procurement of ethyl alcohol
and alcohol production
Corporation of food and processing industry of the Republic of Tajikistan "Khurokvori"
(hereinafter Corporation) prepares proposals to the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on
setting annual quotas on export, import and procur ement of ethyl alcohol and alcohol production
based on needs of the Republic of Tajikistan, potential of domestic producers of ethyl alcohol and
alcohol production, demand and guarantees of organi zations dealing with production and turnover of
ethyl alcohol and alcohol production, and current market prices.  The mentioned quotas are submitted
to the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan for approval.
Import and export quotas for ethyl alcohol are distributed by the Government of the Republic
of Tajikistan only between state-owned enterprises and joint stock companies whose controlling block
of stocks belongs to the state.
Corporation of food and processing industry of the Republic of Tajikistan "Khurokvori"
distributes import and export quotas for alcohol production between specific organizations.
- Terms and Conditions of issuing licenses for production and turnover of ethyl alcohol and
alcohol production
Licenses for production and turnover of ethyl alcohol and alcohol production are issued to
organizations, regardless of the ownership form, dealing with production, turnover of ethyl alcohol
and alcohol production on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan and individual entrepreneurs
selling by retail domestically produced and imported alcohol production. Licenses are issued for each
sort of activity:WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− To producers of ethyl alcohol for its production and wholesale to domestic customers.  In
case of availability of equipment for production of alcohol production the single licensegives permission to production and turnover of alcohol production (except for retail sale
of alcohol production);
− To producers of alcohol production for production and turnover of alcohol production
(except for retail sale of alcohol production);
− To organizations dealing with delivery, procurement, wholesale, import, export of alcohol
production for turnover of alcohol production (except for retail sale of alcohol
production); and
− In case of availability of outlets for retail sale of alcohol production, licenses are issued to
every outlet belonging to the producer of alcohol production separately.
Licenses for export, import of ethyl alcohol with the right of its wholesale on domestic market
are only issued to state-owned enterprises and joint stock companies whose controlling block of
stocks belongs to the state.
Procurement of ethyl alcohol on domestic market is only allowed to legal entities having a
quota on its acquisition and a license on production of goods with use of ethyl alcohol.
Licenses for retail sale of alcohol production are issued to owners of company and specialized
shops, separate sections, restaurants, bars, cafes, buffets, shops (legal entities, individual
entrepreneurs), dealing with retail sale of alcohol  production in places determined by local executive
authorities (Khukumats).  They are issued to every outlet separately.
Transfer of licenses to other organization or individual entrepreneur is forbidden.License is an official document allowing implementation of activities mentioned in it as well
as determining conditions of their implementation.  The applicant pays a fee for license issuance.  The
fee for consideration of applications and license issuance is set by the Government of the Republic of
Tajikistan.  Funds generated from the mentioned fees are transferred to the national budget through
the Savings bank.
Corporation of food and processing industry of the Republic of Tajikistan "Khurokvori" is
responsible for licensing of activities on production and turnover of ethyl alcohol and alcohol
production from all types of raw material.
To obtain a license, organizations dealing with production, delivery, procurement, wholesale,
import, export of ethyl alcohol and alcohol production shall submit to the Corporation the followingdocuments:
Application for license issuance indicating fu ll name of organization, its ownership form,
legal address, number of account and corresponding bank, type of activity, license period of validity;
− Document confirming payment of fees for consideration of the application;
− Copy of notarized constituent documents (Statute);
− Copy of a certificate on state registration of organization;
− Copy of a passport of organization (production);
− Findings of firefighting, energy and sanitary-epidemiological inspectorates on compliance
of main and auxiliary premises, trade and other auxiliary facilities with requirements of
fire safety, power supply, sanitation, hygiene, construction norms and rules; and
− Findings of State standardization bodies on certification of agricultural food production,
on technical and meteorological equipment of organization, availability of normative-technical documentation confirming potential to produce and store production inWT/ACC/TJK/3
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accordance with requirements of state standards, to exercise state control and supervision
over actual certified volumes of production, to provide its turnover.
VII. CONDITIONS OF LICENSING
License on regulation of imports, exports, wholesale of tobacco products, as well as turnover
of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and precursors is issued for one year.  Transfer of licenses toother entity, juridical person, or individual entrepreneur is forbidden.
VII. OTHER PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS
In addition to other administrative procedures to be followed before goods are brought in,
namely when importing narcotics, psychotropic substances, and poisons, decisions of the Government
of the Republic of Tajikistan are required in compliance with Decree No. 465 of the Government of
the Republic of Tajikistan of 11 September 2000 "On approval of the Regulation on the order of
license issue in the area of legal turnover of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and precursors".
Currency exchange is secured for both all licensed goods brought in and goods not subject to
licensing.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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ANNEX 4
Information on Implementation and Administration of the
Customs Valuation Agreement
Currently, customs value is determined by the Customs Code of the Republic of Tajikistan of
12 December 1997, No. 498, 6 August 2001 No. 38; the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "OnCustoms Tariff" of 14 May 1999, No. 744, as well as the Instruction of the Customs Committee
No.  83 "On Procedures to Levy Customs Payments" of 30 June 2001.
1. Questions concerning Article 1
(a) Sales between related persons
(i) Are sales between related persons subject to special provisions?
Yes.  See below.
(ii) Is the fact of inter-company prices prima facie considered as grounds for
regarding the respective prices as being influenced?
Yes.  See below.
(iii) What is the provision for giving the communication of the afore-mentioned
grounds in writing if the importer so requests? (Article 1.2 (a))
The provision is explained further in the text.
(iv) How is Article 1.2 (b) been implemented?
It is implemented in accordance with requirements of the Agreement on application of the
Article VII of GATT (below).
The customs value of goods imported to the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan is
the price of a deal actually paid or subject to payment for imported goods at the moment of crossingthe customs border of the Republic of Tajikistan (until the port or any other place of import).
At determining of the customs value, the following components are included in the price of a
deal if they were not included earlier in it:
− expenditures related to delivery of goods by air mail, port or any other place of import of
goods to the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− transportation cost;
− expenses related to loading, unloading, reloading and transfer of goods;
− insurance cost.
Buyer's expenses:
− commission and broker's fees, except for commission on goods purchase;
− cost of containers and/or other returnable containers if they are considered as a single
whole with valued goods in accordance with the Nomenclature of goods;
− packing cost including packing materials and work.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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− appropriate part of a cost of the following goods and services, which directly or indirectly
were provided by a buyer free of charge or at the reduced price for using appraised goodsdue to production or sale abroad:
− raw material, parts, semi-products, commodities (lubricants, fuel, etc.);
− engineering developmental works, development projects, design, styling, outlines and
sketches prepared outside the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan and immediatelyneeded for production of appraised goods;
− licensed or any other payments for using objects of intellectual property which a buyer
should directly or indirectly arrange for as a sale condition of appraised goods;
− size of a part of direct or indirect seller's pr ofit from any further re-sales, transfer or use of
appraised goods on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The method mentioned above cannot be used for determining customs value of goods if:
− there are restrictions related to buyer's rights on appraised goods except for:
− restrictions set up by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− restrictions of the geographic region in which goods can be re-sold;
− restrictions which do not materially influence the price of goods.
− sale and price of a deal depend on observance of conditions the influence of which cannot
be considered;
− information used by a customer at entering the customs value in the declaration is not
confirmed with documentation or do not contain correct information of quantity;
− participants of a deal are persons who depend on each other except for cases when their
inter-dependence did not influence the price of a deal and this should be proved by a
customer declaring goods.  In this case, the inter-dependent persons are those who meet at
least one of the following characteristics:
− one of the participants of a deal (physical person) or the official of one of the
participants of a deal is simultaneously the official representing the other participantof a deal;
− participants of a deal are co-owners of an enterprise;
− participants of a deal are connected to each other through labour relations;
− one of the participants of a deal is the owner of investment (share) or the shareholder
with the right to vote in the authorized capital of the other participant of a deal whose
shares compose no less than five per cent of the authorized capital;
− both participants of a deal are under direct or indirect control of a third person;
− participants of a deal together directly or indirectly control a third person;
− one of the participants of a deal is under direct or indirect control of another
participant of a deal;
− participants of a deal or their officials are relatives.
− What is the provision for giving the communication of the afore-mentioned grounds in
writing if the importer so requests?
The customs value declared by the declarant and information provided by him/her related to
its determination shall be based on the authentic information quantitatively determined and supportedby the documents.  If it is necessary to confirm the declared customs value, the declarant should
provide the required information to the customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan upon its request.
If the customs body has doubts in authenticity of the information provided by a declarant for
determination of the customs value, the declarant has a right to prove the authenticity.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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In case of not providing proof confirming the authenticity of the data used by a declarant, the
customs body has a right to make a decision about impossibility of usage of the method selected by
the declarant of the customs valuation.
In case of necessity to delay the decision the declared customs value of goods, the declarant
has a right to request the customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan to give him/her the declaredgoods for use on the security of property or guarantee of the authorized bank in accordance with the
legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan or pay the customs charges in accordance with the customs
valuation of goods carried out by the customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Additional expenses of the declarant arisen due to refining of the customs value declared by
him/her or due to provision of additional information to the customs body of the Republic of
Tajikistan are born by the declarant.  At the same time, the extension of the time for customs
clearance resulting from the customs valuation cannot be used by a declarant for the actualpostponement of goods duty payment.
The customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan which controls the accuracy of the customs
valuation of goods has a right to make a decision on the accuracy of the customs value of goods
declared by a declarant.
In case of lack of information confirming the accuracy of the determination of the customs
value declared by a declarant or in the presence of reasons to believe that the information provided by
the declarant is not authentic and/or sufficient, the customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan can
independently determine the customs value of the declared goods by successively using methods of
determination of the customs value set up by the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On customs tariff"
based on available information (including price information on identical or similar goods) withadjustment carried out in accordance with the mentioned law.
The customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan upon written request of a declarant should
provide the declarant no later than in one month with the written explanation of reasons due to which
the customs value declared by the declarant cannot be accepted by the customs body as a basis for
duty charge.
In case of disagreement of a declarant with the decision of the customs body of the Republic
of Tajikistan regarding determination of the customs value of goods, this decision can be appealed.
Price of lost or damaged goods.
In the practice of application of the customs legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan the price
of lost or damaged goods is taken into account during determination of the customs value of goods.
Usually it is subtracted from the declared customs value.
2. How has the provision of Article 4 to allow the importer an option to reverse the order
of application of Articles 5 and 6 been implemented?
The option to reverse the order of application of Articles 5 and 6 is provided to the importer.
The main method of determination of the customs value is the method based on imported
goods deal price.  In the case if the main method cannot be used, the other methods foreseen by point
h – Customs valuation of the Memorandum are applied one after another.  Every further method isapplied if the customs value cannot be determined via using the previous method.
Methods based on value subtraction and addition can be applied in any order (Articles 5 and 6
of the Agreement).WT/ACC/TJK/3
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The customs value through the valuation method based on value subtraction is determined in
cases when valued, identical, or similar goods will be sold in the territory of the Republic of
Tajikistan without changing its original condition.
During use of the method based on value subtraction, the price of a commodity unit used for
sales of the largest consignment of valued, identical or similar goods to a participant of a deal, who is
a person not depending on a seller, on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan no later than 90 days
from the date of import of valued goods, is accepted as a basis for determination of the customs value
of goods.
The following components are subtracted from the price of a commodity unit:
− expenses related to payment of the commission, usual markup on profit and total
expenses related to sales in the Republic of Tajikistan imported goods of the samecategory and type;
− sums of imported customs duties, taxes, charges and other payments subject to pay in the
Republic of Tajikistan related to imports or sales of goods; and
− regular transportation, insurance, loading and unloading expenses incurred in the
Republic of Tajikistan.
In the absence of sales cases of valued, identical or similar goods in the same condition in
which they were at the moment of import, the pr ice of a commodity unit handled with an adjustment
for value added can be used at the request of a declarant.
When the valuation method based on value addition is used, as a basis to determine customs
value of goods the price of goods shall be accepted, which is calculated by addition of:
− the cost of materials and expenses of the manufacturer due to production of the valued
goods;
− total expenditures related to sales to the Republic of Tajikistan from the exporting country
of the same type of goods including expenses related to transportation, loading andunloading, insurance until the place of crossing of the customs border of the Republic of
Tajikistan and other expenses;
− profit usually received by the exporter from the delivery of such goods to the Republic of
Tajikistan.
3. How has Article 5.2 been implemented?
It is implemented in accordance with requirements of the Agreement on application of
Article 7 of GATT.
In the absence of sales cases of valued, identical or similar goods in the same condition in
which they were at the moment of import, the pr ice of a commodity unit handled with an adjustment
for value added can be used at the request of a declarant.
4. How has Article 6.2 been implemented?
It is implemented in accordance with requirements of the Agreement on application of Article
VII of GATT.
5. Questions concerning Article 7
In cases, when customs value cannot be determined by a declarant through sequential use of
the methods mentioned in the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On customs tariff" or when aWT/ACC/TJK/3
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customs body has arguments to consider that thes e methods to determine customs value may not be
used, customs value of goods is determined based on world practices.
At the application of the reserve method, the customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan
provides the declarant with the pricing information available.  The following cannot be used as a basis
for determination of the customs value of goods through the reserve method:
− the price of goods in the domestic market of the Republic of Tajikistan;
− the price of goods supplied to the third countries from the export country;
− the price of goods of Tajikistan origin on the domestic market; and
− the price of goods freely fixed or not confirmed.
6. How have the options found in Article 8.2 been handled?  In the case of f.o.b.
application, are ex-factory prices also accepted?
In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Law of the Republic
of Tajikistan "On customs tariff", in particular, there are options to handle.  In item A above, we
mentioned the main components of value which are included at the determination of the customsvalue.
7. Where is the rate of exchange published, as required by Article 9.1?
In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, the rate of exchange is used
effective on a date of export or the date of import.  Exchange rates of currencies are published in mass
media, in electronic mass media, or are sent by the National bank to the related institutions.
8. What steps have been taken to ensure confidentiality, as required by Article 10?
The customs body may use the information provided by a declarant at the declaration of the
customs value of goods determined as confidential or a constituent part of a commercial secret, only
for customs purposes and cannot convey it to the third persons, including other governmental bodies,
without the special permission of a declarant except for cases foreseen by the legislative acts of the
Republic of Tajikistan.
The customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan and its officials are responsible for disclosure
of the confidential information or constituting a co mmercial secret, in accordance with the legislation
of the Republic of Tajikistan.
9. Questions concerning Article 11
Implemented in accordance with requirements of the Agreement on application of Article VII
of GATT.  The legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan and Article 403 of the Customs Code of theRepublic of Tajikistan, in particular, imply that:
"Every person has a right to appeal decisions (including regulatory acts), activity or inactivity of
the customs bodies of the Republic of Tajikistan and their officials if considers his/her rights and
legitimate interests infringed or if the above-mentioned decisions, activity or inactivity directly
and personally affect this person".
10. Provide information on the publication, as required by Article 12
In accordance with the customs legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, the customs body of
the Republic of Tajikistan issues customs regulatory  acts, including those regulating determination of
a customs value, within its jurisdiction.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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These regulatory acts are mandatory for implementation by all customs bodies and other
governmental institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan, enterprises and organizations regardless of
forms of ownership and subordination, as well as officials and citizens.
These acts should be registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan.
General regulatory acts of the customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan enter into force after 30days of their publication by this body, except for cases when these acts set up more favorable rules
than those in effect or if legislative acts of the Republic of Tajikistan oblige the customs body to
enforce customs regulatory acts in a shorter time.
11. Questions concerning Article 13
If it will be necessary to delay the decision on the customs value of goods declared by a
declarant, the declarant has a right to request the customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan to give
him/her declared goods for use on the security of property or guarantee of the authorized bank, inaccordance with the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, or pay customs charges, in accordance
with the customs valuation of goods implemented by a customs body of the Republic of Tajikistan.
That means that such case (last sentence of Article 13 of the Agreement) is foreseen by the legislation
of the Republic of Tajikistan.
12. Questions concerning Article 16
Such cases are foreseen by item 3 Article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On
Customs tariff" of 4 November 1995.
13. How have the Interpretative Note s of the Agreement been included?
The Interpretative Notes of the Agreement will be included into supplementary regulations.
14. How have the provisions of the Decision of 26 April 1984 on the Treatment of Interest
Charges in the Customs Value of Imported Goods (Val/6/Rev.1) been implemented?
These provisions will be taken into account in the preparation of future regulations or
resolutions.
For those countries applying paragraph 2 of the decision of 24 September 1984 on the
Valuation of Carrier Media Bearing Software for Data Processing Equipment (Val/8), how have theprovisions of this paragraph been implemented?
These provisions will be taken into account in the preparation of future regulations or
resolutions.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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ANNEX 5
Information on Technical Barriers to Trade
1. Description of relevant laws, regulations, administrative instructions, etc. related to the
implementation and administration of technical barriers to trade.
The state policy of the Republic of Tajikistan in standardization, metrology, certification, and
accreditation is aimed at providing security of products, works, and services for protection of the
environment, life, health and property of citizens. It is not aimed at creating technical barriers to trade.
The most important legal acts include:
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Standardization" of 14 December 1996.
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Certification of Products and Services" of
13 December 1996.
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Provision of Unified Measurements" of
15 May 1997.
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Protection of Consumers' Rights" of
15 May 1997.
− The Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On State Regulation of Production and Turnover
of Ethyl Alcohol and Alcohol Products" of 15 May 1997.
− Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 1111 of 20 November 1998 "On
Some Measures to Protect Consumer Market of the Republic of Tajikistan."
− Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 1143 of 28 December 1998 "On
Strengthening of State Regulation in Production and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol and
Alcohol Products."
− Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 10 of
31 March 1992 "On Agreement to Conduct Agreed Policy In Standardization, Metrology,and Certification."
− Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 249 of
2 June 1994 "On National Certification System of Products, Works, and Services of theRepublic of Tajikistan."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 258 of 10 June 1996 "On
Establishment of the State Scientific Center of Expertise and Certification of
Pharmaceutical Products, Medical Equipment, Medical and Sanitary-Hygienic Products,
and Treatment-Preventive Food and Cosmetics Products."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No.48 of 19 February 1999
"On Complex Measures to Strengthen State Regulation of Production and Turnover ofEthyl Alcohol and Alcohol Products."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 97 of 16 March 1999
"On Protection of Consumer Market of the Republic of Tajikistan against Poor Quality
Products."  This Resolution approved the procedure to certify food and other products
brought in and out of the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan. In compliance with this
Resolution, Tajikgosstandart developed "Nomenclature of Products and Services (Works)
Subject to Mandatory Certification in the Republic of Tajikistan".  This Nomenclature
was harmonized with CIS countries, agreed with relevant ministries and agencies.
According to the Government's Decree, on 1 September 1999 by Tajikgosstandart's
Decree No. 265 of 30 August 1999 it was put into effect.
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 337 of 3 August 1999
"On Entering the Protocol on Unified Procedure to Apply Technical, Medical,Pharmaceutical, Sanitary, Veterinary, Phytosanitary, and Ecological Norms, Rules, andWT/ACC/TJK/3
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Requirements with Respect to Products Brought in the Custom Union Member-
Countries."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 500 of
16 December 1999 "On Creation of State Inspectorate to Test, Certify, and ControlQuality of Cotton and Silk-Worm Breeding Products."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 38 of 3 February 2000
"On Approval of the Agreement to Prevent and Terminate Using False Products' Labels
and Geographical Appellations."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 19 June 2000 "On
Approval Of the Agreement between the Gove rnment of the Republic of Tajikistan and
the Government of the Republic of Belarus on Cooperation in Standardization,
Metrology, and Certification."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 21 September 2000 "On
Approval of the CIS Heads of Government s Decision on Interstate Light Industry
Standardization Program for 1999-2000."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 374 of
21 September 2000 "On Approval of the CIS Heads' Decision on Interstate Program to
Develop and Apply Interstate Standard Samples for Composition, Substance and
Materials Features for 1999-2000."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 493 of
29 December 2000 "On Approval of the Agreement on Technical Barriers in Free Trade
Zone of CIS Member-Countries."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 497 of
29 December 2000 "On Approval of the Protocol to Modify the Agreement on Agreed
Policy in Standardization, Metrology, and Certification of CIS Member-Countries of
March 13, 1992."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 496 of
29 December 2000 "On Approval of the CIS Council of Heads of Governments Decisionon Interstate Program to Develop Standards in Security and Labor Safety for Mutually
Supplied Products in 1999-2000."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 84 of 17 February 2001
"On Measures to Streamline Control over Cotton Products Quality."
− Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 215 of 8 May 2001 "On
Agency on Standardization, Metrology, Certification, and Trade Inspection of the
Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan."
− Resolution No. 4 of the Board of the Ministry of Economy and Trade of the Republic of
Tajikistan of 18 May 2001 "On Charter Approval of the Agency on Standardization,
Metrology, Certification, and Trade Inspection of the Ministry of Economy and Trade ofthe Republic of Tajikistan."WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Principal documents of the state standardization system of the Republic of Tajikistan:
 8-1-92 Т50 Procedure to agree, approve and register technical conditions. Main
provisions.
 8-2-93 Т 50 Procedure to develop and supply products to the production site. Main
provisions.
 18-1-93 Т 50 Procedure to develop and supply products to the production site. Main
provisions.
 18-2-93 Т 50 Procedure to agree and register technical conditions. Main provisions.
 50-06-97 Т 50. State standardization system of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Tajikgossstandart's procedure to perform state supervision and control over
observance of mandatory standards, rules of certification of products (works,services).
Fundamental documents of the national certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan:Standards:
СТ РТ 5.1-94 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Main provisions.
СТ РТ 5.2-94 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Requirements to
certification bodies and accreditation procedure.
СТ РТ 5.3-94 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Product
certification procedure. General requirements.
СТ РТ 5.4-94 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan.  Accreditation of
pilot laboratories (centers). Main provisions.
СТ РТ 5.5-94 Т 50.  National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Rules to keep
the state system register.
СТ РТ 5.6-94 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Compliance
mark. Form, size, and technical requirements.
Guiding documents:
РД РТ 50-001-93 Т 50.  National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Procedure to
consider appeals.
РД РТ 50-003-95 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Procedure to
conduct inspection control over cer tified products, accredited bodies on
certification and pilot laboratories.
РД РТ 50-004-96 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Procedure to
conduct expertise of bodies, pilot laboratories (centers) on certification and pilotlaboratories.
РД РТ 50-10-2001 Т 50. Certification of services. Relevant procedure.
РД РТ 50-011-2001 Т 50. National certification system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Methodology to
certify motor transport.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Documents of the state system to provide unity of measurements:
Guiding documents
РД РТ 50-012-2001 State system to provide unity of measurements. Procedure to standardize length of
checks.
РД РТ 5-013-2001 State system to provide unity of measurements. Rules to use measurement and
measurement devices at trading and public catering enterprises.
СТ РТ 1.0-96 Т 50. State standardization system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Main provisions.
СТ РТ 1.2-97 Т 50. State standardization system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Order of
standards development and approval.
СТ РТ 1.3-96 Т 50. State standardization system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Order of
development, harmonization, approval and state registration of technical
conditions.
СТ РТ 1.4-96 Т 50. State standardization system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Order of
development, harmonization, approval of technical description.
СТ РТ 1.5-96 Т 50. State standardization system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Requirements
for development, description, registration and contents of standards.
Law "On Standardization"
According to this Law, the main objectives of standardization (Article 1) are to ensure:
− safety of products, works, and services for life, health, property, and environmental
protection;
− requirements on compatibility and mutual substitution of products;
− quality of products, works, and services in compliance with progress of science, technique
and technology, and competitiveness at the world market;
− protection of consumers' interests and rights;
− defense and mobilization preparedness of the country.
Tajikgosstandart performs state standardization management in the Republic of Tajikistan.
Tajikgosstandart defines and implements the state policy in standardization, executes state supervision
and control over observance of compulsory normative documents, participates in international
standardization activities, establishes rules to apply international (regional) standards, norms, rules,
and recommendations on standardization on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (Article 6).
Currently, Tajikgosstandart applies its own standards (ST RT), interstate standards (G ОSТ),
interstate standards harmonized with IS О (GОSТ ISО), standards of other countries (Belarus,
Ukraine).  The Republic of Tajikistan signed the CIS Agreement on coordinated policy in
Standardization, Metrology, and Certification of 13 March 1992, as well as the Protocol of
20 June 2000 on changes and amendments to this Agreement.  The Republic of Tajikistan is a
member of the CIS Interstate Council on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification.  Interstate
CIS standards (G ОSТ) are developed, approved, and registered in compliance with the above-
mentioned Agreement.  Article 1 of the Agreement envisages harmonization of new GOSTs
requirements with international, regional, and leading national standards.
In addition, bilateral agreements on cooperation in standardization, metrology, and
certification were signed between the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Government
of the Republic of Belarus, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.  Similar agreements are beingprepared for signing with the Republic of Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Kazakhstan,
Russian Federation, and Republic of Moldova.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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There are more than 20,500 standards in the Republic of Tajikistan.  These are mainly
interstate standards (19,500), state standards of the Republic of Tajikistan (around 350), as well as
standards of the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine based on bilateral agreements.
Tajikgosstandart, as well as other governmental bodies, approves the state standards of the
Republic of Tajikistan.
Tajikgosstandart is a state body representing the Republic of Tajikistan in international
(regional) standardization organizations.  If an international agreement stipulates other rules than
those contained in the national standardization agre ement, rules of the international agreement are
applied.
Law "On Certification of Products and Services"
According to Article 1 of this Law, certification is implemented to:
− protect interests with respect to  safety of products for life, health, property,
environmental protection, information compatibility and interchangeability of products;
− create conditions for activities of enterprises, organizations, and entrepreneurs at the
single commodity market of the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as for participation ininternational economic scientific-technical cooperation and international trade;
− provide assistance to consumers regarding competent product selection;
− confirm product quality indicators declared by the producer (seller).  Certification may be
compulsory and voluntary.
According to Article 6, Tajikgosstandart arranges and performs activities on compulsory
certification.  In cases foreseen by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan with respect to specificproducts, other governmental institutions may be responsible for certification.
Producers (sellers) are obliged to:
− sell products subject to compulsory certification only upon availability of the required
certificate of compliance issued or accepted by Tajikgosstandart;
− ensure compliance of products with normative documents requirements;
− suspend or stop sales of certified products if they do not comply with normative
documents, upon certificate of compliance expiration, or if certificate of compliance was
suspended or cancelled by a certification body (Article 12).
Advertisement of products subject to compulsory certification but without certificate of
compliance is prohibited (Article 6).
At import to the country of goods subject to compulsory certification, they should have the
certificate of compliance issued or accepted by Tajikgosstandart bodies (Article 13).
Article 17 states that voluntary certification may be performed by any legal person who
voluntarily performs certification and is registered at Tajikgosstandart based on procedures.
Law "On Provision of Unified Measurements"
The law defines a legal basis to provide measurements unity in the Republic of Tajikistan,
regulates relations of governmental institutions of the country with legal persons and individuals on
production, use, maintenance, repair, sales, and import of measurement devices. The law is aimed atprotection of rights and legal interests of citizens, law and order, and the economy of the Republic of
Tajikistan from negative implications of biased outcomes of measurements.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 175
Tajikgosstandart performs state management of activities to ensure the measurement unity in
the Republic of Tajikistan (article 4).
The competence of Tajikgosstandart covers:
− inter-regional and inter-branch activities to ensure the unity measurement;
− determining rules of creation, approval, keeping and using measurements unit models;
− determining general meteorological requirements on ways, methods, and outcomes of
measurement;
− state meteorological control and surveillance;
− management of state meteorological service and other meteorological measurement unity
services;
− participation in international organizations activities with respect to measurement unity
provision.
If international agreements of the Republic of Tajikistan stipulate other rules than in the
legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan on measurement unity provision, provisions of international
treaties are applied.
Law "On Protection of Consumers' Rights"
The law defines relations emerging between consumers and entrepreneurs; determines
consumers' rights to acquire goods (works and services) of proper quality for safety of their lives and
health, to receive information on goods (works and se rvices) and their producers (sellers), to provide
education for consumers, state and public protection of their interests, to join consumers in public
consumers' associations.
In order to provide safety of goods (works, and services) and in conformity with Article 38,
the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ministry of Environment Protection of the
Republic of Tajikistan and other governmental institutions responsible for control over safety of
goods (works and services) within their competence , determine compulsory requirements on safety of
goods (works and services), and perform control over observance of these requirements. They also:
− Send instructions on elimination of violations of safety requirements of goods (works,
and services), on phasing out, suspension of production and sales of such products (works
and services), on recall of them from consumers, as well as inform consumers about theseactions;
− Bring suits against producers (suppliers) in courts or economic courts in case products do
not correspond to requirements on safety of goods (works and services).
Tajikgosstandart coordinates governmental institutions activities performing control over
safety of goods (works and services).
Resolution No. 97 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 16 March 1999 "On
protection of consumer market of the Republic of Tajikistan from low quality Goods."
This Resolution approved the procedure of certification of imported and exported foodstuff
and other goods.  In accordance with this resolution, Tajikgosstandart developed "Nomenclature of
Products and Services (Works) Subject to Mandatory Certification in the Republic of Tajikistan".
This Nomenclature was harmonized with the CIS countries, agreed with relevant ministries andagencies. According to the Gove rnment's Decree and by Decree  No. 265 of Tajikgosstandart of
10 August 1999, on 1 September 1999 it was put it into force.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 176
The list of products, which are subject to compulsory certification to ensure safety of health,
property and environment, consists of the following:
− Goods for children;
− Food products, agricultural and fodder products;
− Medications and herbs;
− Consumer goods, which are in contact with skin, foods products and drinking water;
− Fuel;
− Household chemical goods;
− Perfumes and cosmetics;
− Pesticides and mineral fertilizers;
− Machinery, instrument-making and home use products;
− Agricultural machinery;
− Personal security devices;
− Electrotechnical, radio technical, electronic products to test for electromagnetic
compatibility and safety;
− Building materials and constructions;
− Communications means;
− Explosion- and fire-proof substance, materials, and products;
− Explosive materials and devices for blasting operations and lifting winches;
− Oil, oil products, gas, electric power, heat power.
Sales of these products regardless of the fact whether they are imported to the country or
locally produced, are not allowed without a certificate of compliance.
This Nomenclature defines the list of services (works), which are subject to mandatory
certification the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Resolution No. 97 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 16 March 1999
approved the procedure to certify imported and exported foodstuff and other goods. The procedure
specifies that food and other goods be allowed to the customs territory of the Republic of Tajikistanprovided that they comply with the requirem ents of compulsory certification.  The document
confirming this compliance is a certificate of compliance based on rules of the national certification
system of the Republic of Tajikistan, which may serve as acknowledgement evidence of a foreign
certificate and replace it in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Certification of imported and exported products is implemented based on protocols of tests
undertaken in pilot laboratories accredited by Tajikgosstandart and the Ministry of Health of the
Republic of Tajikistan.
Certification of products and issuing of certificates of compliance valid on the territory of the
Republic of Tajikistan may be carried out only in the following cases:
− upon availability of certificates of compliance issued in the CIS countries-members of the
Interstate Council on Standardization, Metrology and Certification, Registration,
Standardization and Quality Control of Medical and Pharmaceutical Products;
− a certification body located on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan and accredited in
the national certification system for a relevant group of products;
− by Tajikgosstandart and the Ministry of Health of the Republic Tajikistan or on its behalf
by a territorial certification body accredited in the national certification system.WT/ACC/TJK/3
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Certification bodies serving as subcontractors and various governmental institutions and units
involved in certification are not allowed to carry out activities without permission of Tajikgosstandart
and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan.
2. Information regarding:
(a) Names of publications, if any, on work relating to draft technical regulations or
standards procedures
There is no publication on work relating to draft technical regulations or standard procedures.
Official information on state standards is published in annual Directories of Standards and
Technical Conditions in effect in the Republic of Tajikistan.
(b) The name and address of the enquiry point(s) foreseen in Articles 10.1 and 10.3 of the
WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trad e (the Agreement) with an indication as
to whether it is/they are fully operational
(c) The name and address of the agency dealing with consultations as foreseen in Article 14
of the Agreement
(d) The name and address of agencies that a re dealing with other specific functions foreseen
in the Agreement
The following Agency is responsible for issues referred to in subsection 2. (b), (c) and (d) of
"Information on Technical Barriers to Trade":
Name of Agency: Agency on Standardization, Metrology,
Certification, and Trade Inspection, Ministry of Economy and Trade,
Republic of Tajikistan ("Tajikgosstandart")
42/2 Karabaev St., Dushanbe, 734018, Tajikistan
Tel: (992 372) 33 68 69
Fax: (992 372) 34 19 33
E-mail: tjstanda@tajik.net
(e) The scope of responsibility of the cent ral government authorities in the area of
notification requirements foreseen in Articl e 10.11 of the Agreement and of individual
government authorities, if the responsibility is divided among two or more such
authorities
Principal goal of the standardization policy is determination and realization of measures
directed to enforcing impact of standardization means, including metrology and certification,
improvement of government control and surveillance in reforming domestic economy, improvement
quality and competitiveness of products and services.
Tajikgosstandart's activity, particularly in recent years, was aimed at establishing priorities in
various spheres of the economy, in production, in partner contractual relations, in the sphere of
commodity circulation and services.  At the same time, it had been making use of legal rights and
obligations established laws of the Republic of  Tajikistan "On Standardization", "On Product and
Service Certification", "On providing Measurement Unity", "On protection of Consumer's rights" as
well as in decrees of the President of Tajikistan, including government resolutions and many othernorms and legal acts.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 178
Standardization. Development of market relati ons requires new approaches in implementation
of standards differing from those applied in a centrally-planned economy.  For instance, reduction of
the number of requirements, and consequently the number of documents made possible wide use of
interstate standards.
Standards in the Republic of Tajikistan are applied to goods, works and services during the
whole their life cycle and can be used by all participants of these processes.  At present, in Tajikistan
more than 30,000 interstate standards (GOST) were enforced and 1.5 thousand standards were
harmonized with ISO, including 538 European directives, 20,000 national standards of the CIS
countries and around 700 state standards and technical norms of Tajikistan.
Metrology.  In its activity in the field of metrology "Tajikgosstandart" uses provisions of the
Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Providing Measurement Unity".  Based on this document,
organizing procedures for checking measurement in strumentation used in the area of obligatory
governmental control and supervision were defined.
Certification.  Certification base in the Republic of Tajikistan includes: aggregate normative
documents in conformity with requirements of product and services certification, as well as
documents defining methods of observance of checking requirements; registration of organizational
and methodical documents, determining rules and procedures of certification.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 179
ANNEX 6
Information on State-Trading
For the information on state-trading see sub-section (e) "State-Trading Practices", Section
IV.3 of the Memorandum.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 180ANNEX 7
Service Sectoral Qualification List
I. BUSINESS SERVICES
No. Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
1. Professional Services
(a) Legal Services Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan
issues licenses to provide legal assistance as anattorney based on the order set by the Governmentof the Republic of Tajikistan.
Types of legal assistance rendered by attorneys
include the following:
- Advice and explanation, oral and written
inquiry on legal issues
- Drafting of complaints, petitions, claims
and other legal documents
- Enquiring, gathering information and
preparing materials for consideration andresolution in due order
- Representing in civil cases, administrative
offence cases, etc.
- Participation in crim inal proceedings, in
economic disputes, and as defenders orother representatives in the ConstitutionalCourt
- Other ways of rendering assistance not
contradictory to current legislationLegal assistance by professional lawyers who are not members of the Board of
Attorneys is rendered based on their license.  Everyone who claims a license as anattorney should personally submit the application form, documents confirmingcitizenship of the Republic of Tajikistan, legal education and length of service as a
lawyer not less than two years and pass a qualifying examination in the Ministry of
Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan.  Person who meets requirements of theconstitutional law "On Advocacy" and who passed a qualifying examination cannotbe denied a license.  The issue of an attorney license usually takes about one monthsince the moment of applying.
The order and a size of payment for a license are determined by the Ministry of
Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan in coordination with the Ministry of Finance ofthe Republic of Tajikistan.  In case of denial of license, the Ministry of Justice ofthe Republic of Tajikistan should inform an applicant in writing and explainreasons.  The decision made or non-consid eration of a claim can be appealed to the
Supreme Court of the Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 181No. Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
(b) Accounting, auditing and
bookkeeping servicesActivity of the auditing providing companies as
well as individual auditors are regulated by the
Law "On Auditing activity in the Republic ofTajikistan" of 21 May 1998 No. 601Audit services in the Republic of Tajikistan could be provided both by local and
foreign auditors or auditing companies. License is required for providing such
services.
Licenses are issued by the Qualification Commission, which includes
representatives of the central economic bodies, bankers, tax officials, academiciansand auditors.  The Plenary meeting of th e Auditors Board elects a Qualification
Commission for the period of 5 years.
Qualification requirements:
- to be a citizen of the Republic of Tajikistan;
- to have a higher educational level;
- to have at least 5 years of working experience as a accountant, inspector,
economist, financier or jurist.
(c) Taxation services None None
(d)(e)(f)
(g)Architectural services
Engineering servicesIntegrated engineeringservicesUrban planning and
landscape architectural
servicesCommittee on Architecture and Construction
works within the Government of the Republic ofTajikistanSee Section III of this Annex
(h) Medical and dental services Ministry of Health of the Republic  of Tajikistan License requirements for dealing with a medical p ractice and providing medical
services stipulated in Articles 13,14 1and 15 of the Law of the Republic ofTajikistan "On health protection of Population" of 15 May 1997.
(i) Veterinary services The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of
Tajikistan organizes the veterinary in the Republicof Tajikistan. Management of veterinary and
implementation of the Law on veterinary in the
Republic of Tajikistan, as well as other acts ofTajikistan on veterinary is curried out by the MainDepartment of Veterinary Management of theMinistry of Agriculture of the Republic ofTajikistan (with the State Veterinary Inspection).The right on private veterinary practice is given to a person having high or
secondary veterinary education, who has received a license (certificate) in regional(city) veterinary station for combating diseases of animals.
(j) Services provided by
midwives, nurses,
physiotherapists and para-
medical personnelMinistry of Health of the Republic of Tajikistan See Section h) above- New regulations are been prepared.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 182No. Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Agency on Standardization, Metrology,
Certification, and Trade Inspection
(Таjikgosstandart)
- accredited as a body on products certification Availability of necessary equipment, measurement devices, materials, test
methodology, normative documentation, and qualified staff based on requirementswith respect to certified product category standards.
- accreditation pilot units (l aboratories) --//---//--(k) Other:
Services on technical
tests and analysis
- licensing of activities to check and repair
measurement devicesAvailability of necessary conditions allowing to perform such an activity
Agency on Standardization, Metrology,
Certification, and Trade Inspection(Таjikgosstandart)
- repair and maintenance of radio-electronic and
electric home equipmentAvailability of necessary equipment, measurement devices, materials, test
methodology, normative documentation, and qualified staff based on requirements
with respect to certified product category standards.
- maintenance and repair of motor transport --//--//--
- Dry cleaning and painting --//--//--
- services of passenger transport Availability of necessary conditions allowing to perform such an activity
- public utilities --//--//--2. Certification of works and
services provided topopulation by enterprises
and organizations
- tourism services --//--//--
2. Research and Development Services
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
R&D services in natural
sciencesAcademy of Sciences of the Republic of
TajikistanThe Government of the Republic of Tajikistan shall have the right:
- to set the procedure of conducting scientific  research and usage of scientific and/or
scientific results, which can create a threat to the Republic of Tajikistan, health of citizens
and environment;
- to license certain types of scientific and/or scientific-technical activity;
- to introduce restrictions on the right of usag e of certain scientific and/or scientific-
technical results in cases foreseen by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan by
extending secrecy regime on them and inspecting its observance;
- to introduce certification and meteorological re quirements on certain types of scientific
and/or scientific-technical activity.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 1833. Rental/Leaving Services
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Leasing of Means of Transport Ministry of Transportation Leasing of Means of Transport is regulated by Articles 653-670 of the Ci vil Code of the Republic
of Tajikistan. However, these provisions do not contain specified licensing requirements.
4. Other Business Services
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Services incidental toagriculture, hunting and forestryThe responsible bodies in the field of
hunting and forestry regulation are
"Tajikles", Ministry of Environment
Protection and local executive bodies(Hukumats)Provisions concerning hunting are contained in the Law "On Protection and Use of the Animal
World" of 20 July 1994, in particular Article 15, 19-22.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 184II. COMMUNICATION SERVICES
Type of Services Responsible organization Licence requirement
1. Postal Services
Periodical press  (newspapers,
magazines); Written correspondence(ordinary, registered); Parcels; andMoney transfersMinistry of Communications of
the Republic of Tajikistan"Regulations on Licensing Activities in Communications" approved by the Decree of the Council
of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan of 1 August 1996, No. 369 require private postal serviceproviders to be licensed, specify the licensing  procedure but do not specify the qualifications
required to obtain a license.
2. Courier Services
Ministry of Communications of the Republic of Tajikistan Courier services are regulated by Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On  Courier Services" of
2 December 2002.
3. Telecommunications, audiovisual, and other services
According to the Decree No. 369 of the Government of the Republic ofTajikistan "On approval of Regulations on Licensing Activities in
Communications" of 1 August 1994, the Ministry of Communications(beginning 2003, in accordance with the law of the Republic of Tajikistan"On telecommunications", by the authorized body on regulation ofcommunication) licenses all works on designing, construction andoperation of the following types of telecommunications:
- Local telephone services
- Inter-zone telephone services
- Intercity and international phone services
- Services to provide for use channels and communications tracts
- Telegraph services
- Data transfer services
- Telematic services (Internet, e-mail, fax, teletext, videotext,
audio conference, video conference, etc)
- Mobile radiophone services
- Cellular radiophone services
- Personal global satellite services
- Personal radio call services
- Personal radio call services with dense channels
- Sound and television broadcasting services
- Fixed radio connection services
- Services to provide lease of satellite, radio-relay, and radio
connection channels
- Electronic means (radio stations, satellite phones, ground
stations, radiomodems, etc.)Activity of physical and legal entities in the area of telecommunications is subject to licensing.
Licensing in the area of telecommunications shall be implemented for the following purposes:
- implementation of a single state policy in the area of telecommunications, coordination of
activity of different telecommunication operators on the market in order to providecooperation between them and general telecommunication networks;
- facilitation to demonopolization of activity in the area of telecommunications,
development of liberalization of the telecommunication services market, development of
entrepreneurship and free competition;
- attraction of foreign investment in development of the branch;
- provision of high quality telecommunication services.
Licenses for certain types of telecommunica tion activity can be typical or individual.
Typical licenses are licenses issued to physical or legal entities for telecommunication activity
based on single requirements for obtaining licenses.  Contents of typical licenses shall be the samefor all licenses on operation of telecommunication networks of the same type as well as the sametype of telecommunication services.
Individual licenses are licenses issued to physical or legal entities for telecommunication activity
based on special requirements and conditions.  Designing, construction, operation and providing oftelecommunication services to the following are subject to individual licensing:
- local, long-distance and international general telecommunication networks;
- mobile radiotelephony (mobile cellular communication) networks;
- personal radio call networks;
- data transmission networks;
- TV and radio broadcasting networks.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 185Type of Services Responsible organization Licence requirement
- Electric linking systems and devices, postal services, television
and radio broadcasting: design, production, construction,
installment of networks, lines
- Supply, startup, and maintenance of mini telephone exchanges
- Sales of cellular phone receivers and accessories
- Sales of radioAll legal and physical entities shall have equal rights on obtaining license.  The issuance of license
could be denied as a result of technical restrictions and limited availability of frequencies or if an
applicant does not have technical and financial capacity to stable fulfilment of obligations inaccordance with conditions based on which the applicant implements its activity.Issuance, change, extension, suspension or retrac tion of licenses for telecommunication activity is a
responsibility of the authorized body on regulation of communications.The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan sets the procedure and conditions of licenses
issuance, their validity, suspension or discontinuation, as well as license issuance fees.
If the number of licenses is restricted due to technical reasons, licenses can be issued oncompetitive (tender) basis.  The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan determines theprocedure of conducting competition (tender).Foreign participation in local enterprises providing telecommunications services is encouraged
especially in the area of foreign investment attraction in projects on improvement of the
telecommunications services system.The Decree No. 369 of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan does not specify qualificationrequirements for licensing of communication services.  However, these requirements are foreseenin the new project of the regulation on licensing telecommunications activities and services, whichis currently under development.
Tariffs for communications services of jurisdictional enterprises are determined by the Communications Ministry of Republic of Tajikistan, as well as by
communications services enterprises determined by the Communications Ministry.  Tariffs for telecommunications and postal servi ces for everyone are agreed
with the Agency on Antimonopoly Policy and Entrepreneurship Support of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, the state body regulating activities of
natural monopolies.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 186III. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
General construction work for
buildingLicenses for construction
activity are issued by theCommittee on architecture
and construction under the
Government of TajikistanRegulation "On state licensing of construction activity on the territory of Tajikistan" approved on
6 May 1997 by the Decree No. 211 is applied to all local and foreign organizations, companies, firms,enterprises and other legal entities involved in construction activity in accordance with nomenclature of
works and approved classifier.  Physical persons are mentioned in the list of subjects who need a license.  In
practice, the rules with regard to them are not applie d since the order of registration and issuance of licenses
to physical persons does not exist. For further details see Section 5.g of Part VI of this Memorandum.
General construction work forcivil engineeringSee Item 1 above See Item 1 above
Installation and assembly work See Item 1 above See Item 1 above
Building completion and
finishing workSee Item 1 above See Item 1 aboveWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 187IV. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Wholesale trade services Only limited goods categories
require specific license inwholesales. Corporation
"Khurokvory" issues license for
wholesales of the following items:- ethyl alcohol and alcohol
drinks
- tobacco and tobacco goods- "Regulation on order of fixing quotas on import, export and purchases of ethyl alcohol and
alcohol products" approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of TajikistanNo.131 of 7 April 1999 specify the licensing procedures in wholesales of ethyl alcohol and
alcohol drinks.
- "Instruction on issuance order of licenses on purchases, proceedings, import, export and
wholesales of tobacco and tob acco products" approved by the Governments' Decree No. 453 of
27 October 1999 set up licensing requirements and procedures in tobacco and tobacco goods
wholesales.
Retailing services Generally, the appropriate local
state administration body must
license all physical and legal entities
desiring to engage in retail trade.Retail trade in the following itemsrequires a special license:
- Alcoholic beverages,
liqueurs and spirits.
Retailers must have alicense from Corporation"Khurokvory"All enterprises engaged in retail trade are required to have cash control system and devices.
Qualifications for a license are not specified in law or  regulations.  Licensing procedures are not specified.
"Regulation on order of fixing quotas on import, export and purchases of ethyl alcohol and alcohol
products" approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan No.131 of 7 April1999 specify the licensing procedures in retail trade of alcohol products for a license and the procedure tobe followed.  However, no qualification requirements are specified by the Regulation.
V. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Primary education Services The Ministry of Education of the
Republic of Tajikistan licensesactivities of all education
institutions.Regulation of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tajikistan No.  6/15 of 7 June 2000 on
licensing of education institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan defines qualification requirements toobtain a license.  An applicant should have the logis tics basis, staff, curriculum and education programs,
and teaching aids in compliance with government ed ucation standards. The applicant should present an
application, the charter of an education institu tion, curricula and programs, teaching-methodological
literature, data on staff, logistics and finance.
Secondary educationServicesSee above Item 1. See above Item 1.
Higher education services See above Item 1. See above Item 1. In addition, not less than 30% of staff should have academic degree s and status.
Adult education services See above Item 1. In addition, not less than 30% of staff should have academic degrees and status.
Other education services See a bove Item 1. See above Item 1.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 188 VI. FINANCIAL SERVICES
The Tax Code of the Republic of Tajikistan, Article 17, defines the financial services in the following way:
− Repayment of debts, debt guarantees and guarantee security of monetary transaction, including debt management (credits) and deb t guarantee from
the parties, which give a credit or guarantee;
− Transactions to manage deposit accounts, fees, money transfers, debt commitments, payments means, and clients' property;
− Transactions on turnover of shares, bonds, certificates, bills, checks, and other securities (excluding services related to the ir storing);
− Services to manage investment banks;
− Insurance and re-insurance transactions.
Types of services Regulating agencies License requirements
All insurance and heal th insurance services
- Life accident and health
insurance service
- Non-life insurance
services
- Re-insurance and
retrocession
- Services auxiliary to
insurance (includingbroking and agencyservices)The activity of all insurance agencies as
well foreign ones, including jointinsurance ventures with foreign capitaland their branches performinginsurance activities on the territory of
the Republic of Tajikistan are subject to
compulsory registration at the StateNotaries Offices and licensing at theState insurance control of the Ministryof Finance of the Republic of
Tajikistan.   Registration of reinsurance
agencies and licensing of their activityis implemented in the order stipulatedby this Article.Legal persons that are commercial organization and have a license for the conduct of insurance
of the respective type may make contracts of insurance as insurers.The requirements which insurance organizations must meet and also the procedure for licensingtheir activity and for the exercise of state supervision over their activities determined by the Lawon insurance of the Republic of Tajikistan of 20 July 1994 No. 981 (amendments made by the
laws of the Republic of Tajikistan of 15 May 1997 No.421, of 12 December 1997 No.498, of
14 May  1999 No. 762).Article 28 of this Law stipulates follows:Registration of insurance agencies is carried out during 30 days since the receipt date by therespective State notary office of an application with the following documents attached:
- Protocol of the creation of the insurance agency;
- Constituent agreement;
- Insurer's statute;
- Information of professional proficiency of insurance agency managers (Director and
Chief Accountant);
- Legal conclusion of the Ministry Justice on constituent documents;
- Classification code of the statistical bodies;
Licenses for insurance activity are issued to insurers grounded on their application with thefollowing supplements:- Information from credit institutions about the paid authorized capital and license fee;
- A feasibility study of insurance activity;
- Rules or conditions of a specific kind of insurance;
- Calculation of insurance tariffs.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 189Banking and Financial Services Regulating authority
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On Banks and Banking Activity," Article 2, banking
services include the following activities:
- Savings of legal entities;
- Savings of individuals;
- Maintenance of accounts of clients, correspondent accounts of banks and non banking financial
institutions, as well as coinage of banks;
- Treasury transactions, such as acceptance, counting, exchange, packing, storing of paper money and
coinage;
- Transfers, fulfilment of orders of legal entities and individuals with regard to money transfers;
- Credit transactions; granting credits;
- Provision of funds following orders of owners or authorized investment funds;
- Trust transactions; management of funds, securities for the benefit and following an instruction of a
proxy;
- Legal transactions such as collection, examination, differentiation by type and approval of payments, as
well as mutual payments and defining positions of clearing participants;
- Safe transactions, such as storing documents and valuables of clients, lease of safe boxes, etc.
- Lombard transactions, granting short-term credits based on pledge of depositing securities and liquidity
property;
- Issuing checks;
- Collection orders, acceptance, payment and approval  of payment documents, opening and approving
commercial letters of credits;
- Issuing payment orders;
- Acceptance and sending paper money, coins and valuables;
- Exchange transactions with a foreign currency.Only the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan is
entitled to perform the above-mentioned operations, and
issue licenses for other banks, legal entities, andindividuals.
Provided that licenses of the National Bank are granted,  except for operations mentioned in Article 2, banks may
perform the following operations:
- Purchase, pledge, accounting, storing, and sales of precious metals (gold, si lver, platinum, platinum
metals group) in molten, powder, crystal, and granular state; coins from precious metals as well asjewelry products containing precious metals;
- Placing investment outside of Tajikistan;
- Guarantee transactions, such as issuing a proxy, a guarantee letter and other commitments of third
parties, which imply fulfilment of a guarantee letter of credit (stand-bye credit) in written form;
- Rent of property with preserving all lessor's rights with respect to this property within the entire
agreement period (leasing);
- Issuing personal securities (shares, loans, bills, and deposit certificates);
- Factoring transactions, such as acquisition of right to demand from a buyer to pay for property (works
and services) acquiring the non-payment risk;
- Forfeiting transactions, such as payment of a buyer's debt commitment with regard to property (works
and services) through purchase of bill without a seller's commitment;Banks may perform intermediary operations in the
securities market only provided that a license of the
National Bank of Tajikistan is available.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 190VII. HEALTH-RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES
(other than those listed under I.1....h)-j)
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Hospital services Ministry of Health of the
Republic of TajikistanLicense requirements for dealing with a medical pr actice and providing medical services stipulated in
Articles 13,14 1and 15 of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On health protection of Population"of 15 May 1997.For more details see Section 5 c of the Part VI of the Memorandum.
Other Human health services See Item 1 above See Item 1 above
VIII. TOURISM AND TRAVE L-RELATED SERVICES
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Hotels and restaurants (incl.
Catering)
Travel agencies and touroperators services
Tourist guides services
OtherLaw of the Republic of Tajikistan
"On Tourism" of 3 September1999, No.325, regulates tourismactivity in the Republic ofTajikistan.
At present tourism regulating
agency in Tajikistan is theUnitary enterprise  "Sayeh"(tourist) of the Ministry ofEconomy and Trade of
Tajikistan.For more detail see Section 5 (h) of Part VI of the Memorandum.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 191IX. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES
(other than audiovisual services)
Types of services Regulating agencies Licence requirements
Entertainment services (incl.
Theatre, live bands and circusservices)Ministry of Culture of the
Republic of TajikistanThese services are regulated in accordance with the law of the Republic of Tajikistan "On culture"
based on the Regulation about the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Tajikistan, structuralregulations and statutes.  The Ministry of Culture developed a draft Regulation "On state licensing ofentertainment activity, sales of audio and video production, CDs and games software" where a number
of entertainment services will be licensed.  Currently, entertainment services are regulated by the
above-mentioned laws and regulatory documents.
X. TRANSPORT SERVICES
Types of
servicesRegulating agencies Licence requirements
Transportation
servicesMinistry of Transportation of the Republic of Tajikistan is responsible
body for issuance of license for providing transport services.Activities of legal and physical persons regardless of forms of
ownership is subject to licensing if they are involved in the following:
- Automobile, Railway, Water and Air passenger and freight
transportation (except for international automobiletransportation);
- Forwarding activity;
- Air traffic servicing, as well as air planes, passengers,
luggage, cargo and mail on airfields and airports;
- Aerial works to meet needs of citizens and legal persons
including in the air space of foreign countries, as well asactivity on provision of aerial works;
- Training of specialists of requ ired level accord ing to the list
of aviation personnel posts;
- Activity of aviation public associations on control over
technical conditions and safety of general airplanes operationintended for sport, training, advertisement and other purposes;
- Transportation-operational activity on local railways;
- Preparation of wagons, containers for cargo transportation
and additional equipment of the rolling stock;
- Loading and unloading and warehousing operations;
- Completion of transportation documents, delivery, reception
and storing of cargo;The order of issuing licenses is determined by the Decree No. 252 of the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of 11 June 2001.- In order to obtain licenses an applicant should submit to the licensing body
all required documents in the order approved by the Minister of Transport
of the Republic of Tajikistan
- Licenses are issued separately for each type of activity and valid on the
territory of the Republic of Tajikistan.  The licensing card per eachtransportation means should be attached to it.
- License period of validity is fixed for physical persons not more than one
year, and for legal persons—not less than one year.
- Forms of licenses and licensing cards are approved by the Minister of
transport of the Republic of Tajikistan and are documents of strictaccountability which have registration number and series.  The licensingbody is responsible for provision, registration, and storage of licenses andlicensing cards.
- Decision on license issuance or denial is made during 15 days since the
moment of the application.  License or licensing cards issuance takes placeduring 3 days after submission of the document confirming payment of thelicensing fee by the applicant.  In case of non-payment of this fee by theapplicant during one month after the decision made by the licensing bodyit has a right to cancel its decision.
- If during the period of validity of the previous license the licensing
requirements and conditions were violated by the applicant, he/she can bedenied license issuance for a new term by the licensing body.  In case ifWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 192Types of
servicesRegulating agencies Licence requirements
- Information support of the transportation process;
- Repair and maintenance of railways of industrial enterprises;
- Repair and maintenance of crossings and technological
passages for industrial transport;
- Designing-development works related to construction,
reconstruction, repair of automobile roads and railways;
- Repair and maintenance of transportation means
(automobiles, locomotives, wagons, airplanes and their units,tires, etc.);
- Repair and organization of construction of automobile roads
and railways;
- Training and retraining of drivers of transportation means of
A, B, C, D, E, "trolleybus", "cycle-car" categories, instructorsof training and retraining of drivers by educationalinstitutions;
- Other types of commercial activity related to transportation
(gas stations, including mobile, parking lots, specialized autoshops, bus stations, railway stations, airports, etc.).
Transport Inspectorate under the Ministry of Transportation of the
Republic of Tajikistan is responsible body for licensing of above-
mentioned activities.  See above item 1.the applicant cannot implement transport activity due to objective reasons,
he/she should return the license and licensing card to the licensing body.Licenses and licensing cards can be extended in accordance with theregulation approved by the Minister of transport of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
- Transfer of licenses and licensing cards to another legal or physical person
is prohibited.
- Notification about denial in license issuance is sent (delivered) to
applicants in writing with indication of reasons for denial.  Reasons for
denial can be the following:
- Inadequate or wrong information in documents submitted by an applicant;
- Incompatibility of the license applicant with licensing requirements and
conditions.
- The applicant has a right to appeal the denial of the licensing body in
license issuance in the order set up by the legislation of the Republic of
Tajikistan.
Freight
transportationSee above.
Air Transport
ServicesLicensing requirements for activity in aviation specified by Air Law of
the Republic of Tajikistan andThe following activity is subject to licensing:
1. Activity on implementation and providing of air service, domestic and
international passengers, luggage, cargo and mail on commercial basis;
Activity on servicing of air traffic as well as servicing of planes, passengers,luggage, cargo and mail in airfields and airports;
Aviation works for meeting needs of citizens and legal entities including aviation
works implemented in the airspace of foreign states and activity on providingaviation works;Training of specialists of the required level in accordance with lists of aviation staffpositions.2. Activity of public organizations in the area of:
Training of specialists of the required level in accordance with lists of aviation staff
positions for providing flights of aircrafts of general aviation designed for sport,study, advertisement and other similar purposes;Exercising control over technical condition and safety of operation of aircrafts ofgeneral aviation designed for sport, study, advertisement and other similarWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 193Types of
servicesRegulating agencies Licence requirements
purposes.
Specially authorized civil aviation body is responsible for licensing of the activityin the area of civil aviation in the order set by the Government of the Republic ofTajikistan.
Issuance of the required licenses to citizen s and legal entities specified in Article 9
of the current Code is prohibited without certificates.Issuance of the required license to the aviation enterprise or individual entrepreneurcan be conditioned by assignment of responsibility on them on carrying out ofsocially important air service and/or aviation works in accordance with legislation
of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Non-commercial activity in the area of st ate and civil aviation including general
aviation can be implemented without licenses.Decision on license issuance or denial in license issuance can be appealed in acourt.Licensing of activity in aviation is not free of charge.
      Suspension of certificate and/or license validity or their annulment:
Certificate and/or license validity can be suspended as well as restrictions can beintroduced in their validity by the bodies which issued these documents inaccordance with the procedure set by the general aviation rules of the Republic ofTajikistan.Certificate and/or license can be annulled by the bodies which issued these
documents in accordance with the procedure set by the general aviation rules of the
Republic of Tajikistan.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 194
ANNEX 8
(a) List of trade related bilateral agreements of the Republic of Tajikistan signed with non-
CIS countries as of 1 October 2001
Austria:
− Agreement on bilateral foreign economic relations (24 February 1994).
Bulgaria:
− Agreement between Governments of the Republic of Tajikistan and Bulgaria on trade-
economic cooperation (29 October 1996), Sofia.
Hungary:
− Agreement between Governments of the Republic of Tajikistan and Hungary on trade–
economic relations (2 September 1993), Moscow.
Viet Nam:
− Agreement between Governments of the Republic of Tajikistan and Socialist Republic of
Viet Nam on trade-economic cooperation (19 January 1999), Hanoi;
− Agreement on stimulation and investment protection (19 January 1999), Hanoi.
India:
− Agreement between Governments of the Republic of Tajikistan and Republic of India on
economic and technical cooperation (15 February 1993), Delhi;
− Agreement on trade-economic cooperation (3 June 1993);
− Agreement on cooperation between the State Bank of India and the Bank of foreign
economic activity of RT (3 June 1993);
− Agreement on stimulation and investment protection (12 December 1995);
− Agreement on interstate Commission on trade, economic, scientific and technical
cooperation (12 December 1995);
− Agreement on long-term trade-economic cooperation and cooperation in the area of
industry (10 May2001), New Delhi.
People's Republic of China:
− Agreement on stimulation and investment protection (9 March 1993), Beijing;
− Agreement on cooperation in the area of radio and TV (9 March 1993), Beijing;
− Agreement on cooperation in the area of tourism (9 March 1993), Beijing;
− Agreement on cooperation in the area of health care (9 March 1993), Beijing;
− Agreement on air service (9 March 1993), Beijing;
− Agreement on cooperation in the area of culture (27 December 1993), Dushanbe;
− Agreement on trade-economic relations (16 September 1996), Beijing;
− Agreement on cooperation in the area of environment (16 September 1996), Beijing;
− Agreement on cooperation in the area of telecommunications (16 September 1996),
Beijing;
− Agreement on technical and economic cooperation (4 July 2000), Dushanbe;WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 195
− Protocol between Ministry of economy and trad e of RT and Ministry of foreign trade and
economic cooperation of People's Republic of China on creation of Tajik-ChineseCommission on trade-economic cooperation (10 April 2001), Dushanbe.
Korea:
− Agreement on stimulation and mutual invest ment protection (27 July 1994), Dushanbe.
Kuwait:
− Agreement on stimulation and mutual invest ment protection (18 April 1995), El-Kuwait;
− Agreement on economic, trade and scientific-technical cooperation (18 April 1995), El-
Kuwait.
United Arab Emirates:
− Agreement on investment support and protection (17 December 1995), Abu-Dhabi;
− Agreement between governments of RT and UAE on avoidance of double taxation on
profit (17 December 1995), Abu-Dhabi.
Islamic Republic of Pakistan:
− Agreement between governments of RT and Pakistan on trade-economic cooperation
(1 June 1992);
− Agreement between governments of RT and Pakistan on scientific-technical cooperation
(1 June 1992);
− Agreement between governments of RT and Pakistan on cooperation in the area of
culture, sports and tourism (1 June 1992);
− Agreement between governments of RT and Pakistan on support and mutual investment
protection (4 April 1994), Islamabad;
Syria:
− Trade agreement (29 March 1992), Dushanbe;
− Cultural cooperation agreement (29 March 1992), Dushanbe;
Slovakia:
− Agreement on trade and economic relations and technical-scientific cooperation
(14 February 1994), Bratislava;
− Agreement on stimulation and mutual in vestment protection (14 February 1994),
Bratislava;
United States:
− Agreement between governments of RT and USA on trade relations (1 July 1993),
Dushanbe;
− Agreement between governments of RT and USA on stimulation and mutual investment
protection (5 May 1995)WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 196
Turkey:
− Agreement between RT and Turkey about cultural cooperation (1 March 1992),
Dushanbe;
− Agreement between RT and Turkey about trade-economic cooperation (8 April 1993),
Ankara;
− Agreement between Governments of RT and Turkey about scientific and technical
cooperation (10 September 1995), Dushanbe;
− Agreement between RT and Turkey on stimulation and mutual investment protection
(6 May 1996), Ankara;
− Agreement between RT and Turkey on avoidance of double taxation (6 May 1996),
Ankara;
− Agreement between Governments of RT and Turkey on international auto transportation
(6 May 1996), Ankara;
− Agreement between Governments of RT and Turkey about long-term trade and economic
cooperation and cooperation in the area of industry (additional agreement to theAgreement between Governments of RT and Turkey about trade-economic cooperation)
(25 September 2000), Turkey
Czech Republic:
− Agreement between governments of RT and Czech Republic on trade and economic
relations and cooperation in the scientific and technical area (11 February 1994), Prague;
− Agreement on stimulation and mutual invest ment protection (11 February 1994), Prague.
Switzerland:
− Agreement between governments of RT and Swiss Federal Council on technical and
financial cooperation and humanitarian aid (19 October 1999), Dushanbe.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia:
− Agreement between Governments of RT and Yugoslavia on trade and economic
cooperation (27 December 1995), Belgrade;
− Agreement on creation of Intergovernmental Yugoslav-Tajik Committee on trade,
economic and scientific-technical cooperation (27 December 1995), Belgrade.
Afghanistan:
− Agreement between RT and Islamic State of Afghanistan on cultural, scientific,
educational cooperation (22 December 1993), Dushanbe;
− Agreement between RT and Islamic State of Afghanistan on economic and trade
cooperation (22 December 1993), Dushanbe.
Islamic Republic of Iran:
− Agreement between RT and IRI on economic and scientific-technical cooperation
(30 June 1992);
− Agreement on stimulation and mutual invest ment protection between governments of RT
and IRI (18 July 1995);
− Trade agreement between governments of RT and IRI (18 July 1995).WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 197
Draft Agreements approved by the Decrees of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan
and not signed yet.
International AgreementNo. of Decree of the Government
of Tajikistan
Draft Agreement between governments of RT and Republic of Korea ontrade-economic cooperationNo. 382 of 23 September 1995
Draft Agreement between governments of RT and Romania on trade-
economic relationsNo. 618 of 11 October 1995
Draft General Agreement between RT and Saudi Arabia on cooperation
in the area of economy, trade, investment, technology, culture, sports andyouth problemsNo. 86 of 6 March 1998
Draft Agreement between governments of RT and Indonesia on
economic and technical cooperationNo. 276 of 30 July 1998
Draft Agreement between governments of RT and Indonesia on
stimulation and mutual investment protectionNo. 276 of 30 July 1998
Draft Agreement between governments of RT and Poland on
economic cooperation and tradeNo. 542 of 30 December 1998
List of countries that have Draft Agreemen ts on trade-economic cooperation and stimulation
and mutual investment protection under consideration:
− Austria
− United Kingdom
− Germany
− Columbia
− Mauritius
− Malaysia
− Netherlands
− Norway
− Romania
− Tunisia
− France
− Switzerland
(b) List of the Joint Commissions on trade-economic cooperation
Commission Basic Document
Joint Tajik-Chinese Commission on trade-
economic cooperationChairman of the Commission from Tajik side – Deputy
Minister of Economy and Trade of the Republic ofTajikistan. Approved by the Decree No. 336 of theGovernment of Tajikistan of 2 September 1998
Interstate Tajik-Indian Commission on Trade,
Economic, Scientific-Technical CooperationChairman of the Commission from Tajik side – Minister of
Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan. Approved
by the Decree No. 349 of the Government of Tajikistan of21 August 2000
Joint Tajik-Turkish Commission on Trade-Economic CooperationChairman of the Commission from Tajik side – Minister of
Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan. Approvedby the Decree No. 38 of the Government of Tajikistan of21 August 2000.
Joint Tajik-Iranian Commission on Trade-Economic CooperationChairman of the Commission from Tajik side – Minister of
Economy and Trade of the Republic of Tajikistan. Approved
by the Decree No. 117 of the Government of Tajikistan of
30 March 1996.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 198
(c) List of the Agreements providing the MFN treatment to non-CIS countries
Each Party shall accord
unconditionally to productsoriginating in or exported to theterritory of the other Partytreatment no less favorable than
that accorded to like products
originating in or exported to theterritory of any third country inall matters relating to:
- custom duties and
charges of any kind
imposed on or inconnection withimportation orexportation, including
the method of levying
such duties andcharges;
- method of payment for
imports and exports,and the international
transfer of such
payments;
- rules and formalities in
connection withimportation andexportation, including
those relating to
customs clearance,transit, warehouses andtransshipment;
- taxes and other internal
charges of any kind
applied directly or
indirectly to importedproducts; and
- rules concerning sale,
purchase, transport,
distribution, storage
and use of products onthe domestic market.Agreement on Trade relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the
United States of America, July 1993
The Republic of Tajikistan andRepublic of Austria shall accord
each other MFN regime
regarding collection of customsand other duties and also atwithdrawal of customs andother duties at export and import
of goods.Agreement on bilateral foreign economic relations between the
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of Austria
of 24 February 1994WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 199
The Parties shall accord each
other MFN treatment in respectof all issues relating to:
- custom duties and
charges of any kindimposed on or inconnection with
importation or
exportation, includingthe method of levyingsuch duties andcharges;
- rules and formalities in
connection with
importation andexportation, includingthose relating tocustoms clearance,transit, warehouses and
transshipment;
- indirect taxes and other
internal charges of anykind applied toimported goods;
- method of payment for
imports and exports,
and internationaltransfer of suchpayments;
- rules connecting sale,
purchase, transport,
distribution, storageand use of products onthe domestic market.Agreement on trade-economic cooperation between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of the Bulgaria of29 October 1996
The Contracting Parties
mutually will accord MFN
treatment, as granted to anythird country, with the aim offacilitation of trade between theboth partiesAgreement on trade–economic relations between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of the Hungary of
2 September 1993WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 200
The contracting Parties shall
accord MFN treatment inrespect of trade in goods,
originated from their respective
countries, and other form ofeconomic cooperation.
MFN treatment shall not be
extend to the privileges and
benefits which:
- one of the Contracting
Parties grants or willgrant in the future to
neighbouring countries
with the aim ofsimplification ofborder trade, orregional trade withother countries;
- result from
participation of theContracting Parties incustoms union or freetrade area agreements.Agreement on trade-economic cooperation between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of Socialistic Republic ofVietnam of 19 January 1999
The Contracting Party willaccord MFN treatment inrespect of all trade andcommercial issuesAgreement on trade-economic cooperation between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of India of 3 June 1993
The Republic of Tajikistan andPeople's Republic of China shall
accord each other MFN regime
regarding collection of customsand other duties and also atwithdrawal of customs andother duties at export and importof goods.Agreement on trade-economic relations between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of Peoples Republic of China
of 16 September 1996
Contracting Parties shall accord
each other MFN regime inforeign trade.Agreement between governments of RT and Pakistan on trade-economic
cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and theGovernment of Pakistan of 1 June 1992WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 201
The Contracting Parties shall
accord MFN treatment inrespect of trade in goods,
originating from their respective
countries, and other forms ofeconomic cooperation.
MFN treatment shall not be
extended to the privileges and
benefits which:
- one of the Contracting
Parties grants or willgrant in the future to
neighbouring countries
with the aim ofsimplification ofborder trade, orregional trade withother countries;
- result from
participation of theContracting Parties incustoms union or freetrade area agreements.Agreement on trade and economic relations and technical-scientific
cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and theGovernment of Slovakia of 14 February 1994
The Contracting Parties shallaccord each other MFNtreatment in respect of all issuesrelating to custom duties andcharges of any kind imposed on
or in connection with
importation or exportation ofgoods.
Provisions of Article 2 of the
current Agreement do not cover
benefits and privileges:
- of the neighbouring
countries in order tofacilitate border trade;
- of the current
Agreements orAgreements which willbe signed in the futureabout Customs Unionsand free-trade zones;
- determined for
developing countriesthrough specialmeasures in the area offoreign economicrelations.Agreement on trade-economic cooperation between the Government of the
Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of the Republic of Turkey of8 April 1993WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 202
The contracting Parties shall
accord MFN treatment inrespect of trade in goods,
originating from their respective
countries, and other forms ofeconomic cooperation.
MFN treatment shall not be
extended to the privileges and
benefits which:
- one of the Contracting
Party grants or willgrant in the future to
neighbouring countries
with the aim ofsimplification ofborder trade, orregional trade withother countries;
- result from
participation of theContracting Parties incustoms union or freetrade area agreements.Agreement on trade and economic relations and cooperation in the
scientific and technical area between the Government of the Republic ofTajikistan and the Government of Czech Republic of 11February 1994
In order to provide mutuallybeneficial conditions fordevelopment of trade-economiccooperation, Contracting Partiesaccord each other MFN regime.
Provisions of Article 2 of the
current Agreement do not coverbenefits:
- accorded or which can
be provided in the
future by one of theContracting Parties toother countries in orderto facilitate border and
riverside trade;
- implying from
participation of any ofContracting parties atthe moment or in thefuture in Customs
Unions, free-trade
zones, regionaleconomicorganizations and otherregional agreements.Agreement on trade and economic relations and cooperation in the
scientific and technical area between the Government of the Republic ofTajikistan and the Government of Romania of 20 July 1992WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 203
In accordance with GATT
regulations, Contracting Partiesaccord each other MFN regime
in trade-economic cooperation.
Provisions of the current Article
will not cover benefits,privileges and preferences
which each of the Contracting
Parties accorded or can provideto:
- neighbouring countries
in order to develop
border trade;
- countries which have
agreements onCustoms Union or free-trade zone with theRepublic of Tajikistan
or the Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia;
- developing countries
based on internationalagreements.Agreement on trade and economic cooperation between the Government
of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of  the Republic ofYugoslavia of 27 December 1995
Contracting Parties shall accordeach other MFN regimeregarding trade in goodsoriginating in the territory oftheir respective states and other
forms of economic cooperation.
MFN regime does not cover
privileges and benefits which:
- one of Contracting
Parties accorded or will
provide in the future toneighbouring states inorder to facilitateborder trade or
interregional trade with
other states.
- are implied from
participation ofContracting Parties inCustoms Unions and
free-trade zones.Agreement between Governments of the Republic of Tajikistan and Arab
State of Kuwait on trade-economic relations and cooperation in the area ofscience and technologies.  18 April 1995, KuwaitWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 204
Investors of either Contracting
Party whose AdmittedInvestments suffer losses due to
a war or any other armed
conflict, revolution, state ofemergency or rebellion or othersimilar events in the territory ofthe other Contracting Party
treatment shall be accorded by
the other Contracting Partytreatment no less favorable thanthat accorded to its owninvestors or to investors of anyother third country, whichever is
the most favorable treatment, as
regards compensation,restitution and indemnificationin relation to such losses.Agreement on reciprocal promotion and protection of investments between
the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of theIslamic Republic of Iran.  April 1995, Tehran
Parties agreed to accord eachother MFN regime in all issuesmentioned in the currentAgreement.Agreement between Islamic State of Afghanistan and the Government of
RT on natural gas supply and organization of border trade.21 December 1993, Dushanbe
Contracting Parties shall accordeach other MFN regimeregarding customs duties onimported and exported goods of
countries, other taxes, and rules
of customs regulation and alsorealization of customsprocedures.
This provision does not cover:
- Privileges accorded or
will be provided byone of the Contractingparties to neighbouring
countries in order to
facilitate border tradeor interregional tradewith other states.
- Privileges which will
be accorded by the
Contracting Parties in
the framework ofCustoms Unions orfree-trade zones.
- Privileges accorded or
will be accorded to RT
by one or several CIScountries.Trade Agreement between the Governments of RT and Syrian Arab
Republic.  29 February 1992, DushanbeWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 205
(d) List of the Agreements on Economic Integration
Treaty between the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of
Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation ondeepening economic and humanitarian integration of29 March 1996Enters into force on the date of
submission to the Ministry of ForeignAffairs of the Russian Federation of thenotification about fulfilment ofinterstate procedures. Registered in the
UN Secretariat on 1 May 1998.
Protocol on coordination measures between national currency-
financial systems in order to create favorable conditions fordevelopment of trade between member states of the Treaty on
deepening of economic and humanitarian integration of
29 March 1996, signed on 26 February 1999Entered into force on the date of
signing – 26 February 1999.
Agreement on creation favorable conditions for the small businessentrepreneurship in member countries of the Treaty on deepeningeconomic and humanitarian integration of 29 March 1996 signed on24 November 1998Entered into force on 6 October 1999
Protocol on exchange of operative information on issues of the tax
legislation observance between the tax authorities of the memberstates of the Treaty on deepening economic and humanitarian
integration of 29 March 1996, signed on 16 June 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, June 16, 1998
Protocol on cooperation in the field of specialists training betweenthe tax services of the member states of the Treaty on deepeningeconomic and humanitarian integration of 29 March 1996, signedon 16 June 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, 16 June 1998
Agreement on cooperation of the energy systems of member statesof the Treaty on deepening econo mic and humanitarian integration
of 29 March 1996, signed on 24 November 1998Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstate
procedures to the Depositary. Entered
into force on 6 November 1999
Agreement on main principles of border cooperation between themember states of the Treaty on deepening economic andhumanitarian integration of 29 March 1996, signed on26 February 1999Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary
Protocol on simplification of the money transfer procedure byphysical persons of the member states of the Treaty on deepeningeconomic and humanitarian integration of 29 March 1996, signed
on 24 November 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, 24 November 1998WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 206
(e) List of Custom Union Agreements
Protocol on international trade negotiations of member states of the
Agreement on Customs Union during the accession to WTOEntered into force on the date of
signing, 3 June 1997
Agreement on common measures of non-tariff regulation during theformation of the Customs Union of 22 October 1997Entered into force on 15 July 1999
Agreement between the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of
Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation on
formation of the Transport Union of 22 January 1998Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notification
about fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary.
Agreement on single transit conditions through the territory of theCustoms Union member states of 22 January 1998Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary. Entered
into force on 4 January 1999
Protocol on simplified order of customs declaration of goods, nonintended for production or other commercial purposes, and on
currency transfers by physical persons through the customs bordersof the Customs Union member states of 22 January 1998Enters into force within 30 days after
the date of signing.  Entered into force
on 21 February 1998
Agreement between the State Tax Committee of the Republic ofBelarus, the Tax Committee under the Ministry of Finance of theRepublic of Kazakhstan, State Tax Inspection under the Ministry ofFinance of the Kyrgyz Republic and the State Tax Service of the
Russian Federation on cooperation and reciprocal assistance on tax
legislation observance of 25 March 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, 25 March 1998
Agreement between the Stat Tax Committee of the Republic ofBelarus, the Tax Committee under the  Ministry of Finance of theRepublic of Kazakhstan, the State Tax Inspection under theMinistry of Finance of the Kyrgyz Republic and of the State TaxService of the Russian Federation on unification taxation
methodology of 5 March 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, 25 March 1998
Agreement between the State Tax Committee of the Republic ofBelarus, the Tax Committee under the Ministry of Finance of theRepublic of Kazakhstan, the State Tax Inspection under theMinistry of Finance of the Kyrgyz Republic and the State TaxService of the Russian Federation on mutual cooperation of30 September 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, 30 September 1998
Agreement between the Members of the Agreement on
establishment of the Transport Union on international road traffic
of 24 November 1998Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notification
about fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary.
Protocol on customs convoy between the customs authorities of theCustoms Union member states of 8 December 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, 8 December 1998
Protocol on customs declaration of goods transported undercustoms control between the customs authorities of the CustomsUnion member states of 8 December 1998Entered into force after six months
from the date of signing, on 8December 1998
Protocol on cooperation between the custom services of theCustoms Union member states in the field of security of
8 December 1998Entered into force on the date of
signing, 8 December 1998
Protocol on common rules of application of technical, medical,
pharmaceutical, sanitary, veterinary, phytosanitary and ecological
standards, norms, rules and requirements in respect of goodsimported into the Customs Union member states of28 January 1999Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notification
about fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary, on11 February 2000.
Treaty on joining of the Republic of Tajikistan to the CustomsUnion Agreements of 6 and 20 January 1995, signed on26 February 1999Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstate
procedures to the Depositary.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 207
Treaty on the Customs Union and Common Economic Area of
26 February 1999Enters into force on the date of receipt
of instrument of ratification from thethird member state by the Depositary.
Entered into force on
23 December 1999.
Agreement on simplified order of custom declaration of the goodsmoving between the Custom Union members of 24 September 1999Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notification
about fulfilment by Parties of interstate
procedures to the Depositary.
Protocol on joint actions by the Customs Union Agreementsmember states on activation of trade-economic cooperation andovercoming the consequences of the financial-economic crisis, of24 September 1999Entered into force on the date of
signing, 24 September 1999.
Agreement on providing the legal base for forming of the CustomsUnion and Common Economic Area of 26 October 1999Enters into force on the day of
submission of the last instrument ofratification to the Depositary and
ratification of the Agreement on the
Customs Union and CommonEconomic Area by the Parties of26 February 1999.
Protocol on amendments to the Agreement on common transitconditions through territories of the Customs Union member statesof 22 January 1998, signed on 26 October 1999Enters into force on the date of signing,
and for states which have to implementinterstate procedures – since the
submission of the related notification to
the Depositary.
Protocol on the application mechanism of special safeguard,antidumping and countervailing measures in trade by the CustomsUnion member states of 17 February 2000Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary.  Enteredinto force on 12 December 2000.
Agreement on a common Customs tariff of the Customs Union
member states of 17 February 2000Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notification
about fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary.  Enteredinto force on 31 August 2000.
Protocol on customs control over goods and transportation meansmoving between the custom authorities of the Customs Unionmember states of 17 February 2000Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstate
procedures to the Depositary.  Entered
into force on 27 November 2000.
Protocol on norms and rules for free removal of cash foreigncurrency to third countries by physical persons of the CustomsUnion member states of 23 May 2000Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstateprocedures to the Depositary
Agreement on measures on regulation of the market access of theCustoms Union member states for goods and services originatingfrom third countriesEnters into force on the date of
submission of the last notificationabout fulfilment by Parties of interstate
procedures to the Depositary
Agreement on creation and functioning of branches of the higher
education institutions in the member states of the Agreement on theCustoms Union and the Common Economic Area of 26 February1999, signed on 23 May 2000Enters into force on the date of receipt
by the Depositary of the thirdnotification about fulfilment ofinterstate procedures by Parties.Entered into force on 26 October 2000
Treaty on establishment of the Euro Asian Economic Communityof 10 October 2000Enters into force on the date of
submission of the last instrument ofratification to the DepositoryWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 208
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus, the
Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Government of theKyrgyz Republic, the Government of the Russian Federation and
the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on reciprocal visa-
free travel of citizens of 30 November 2000.Temporarily applied since the date of
signing and enters into force on thedate of receipt by the Depository of the
last notification about fulfilment of
interstate procedures by Parties.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 209
ANNEX 9
Excise Rates
Article 216 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Tajikistan identifies the list of goods in
accordance with Merchandise nomenclature for CIS FEA, on which the excise taxes should be levied.
The Government of the Republic of Tajikistan se ts up the excise rate for each of the commodity
group.
At present, due to necessity, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted the Decree
No. 533 of 1 December 2001 "On setting up excise rates on selected goods originated in the Republic
of Tajikistan and imported into the territory of Tajikistan".  By the Government Decree No. 255 of
1 July 2002 amendments were made to the Decree No. 533 of 1 December 2001.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 210Excise Rates On Some Goods Produced in the
Republic of Tajikistan and imported to the Republic of Tajikistan
Merchandise Codes in accordance
with Merchandise Nomenclature for
СIS Foreign Economic ActivitiesMerchandiseImport excise rate in % of value or in
US$ per Product UnitDomestic excise rate in % of value  or
in US$ per Product Unit
220300 Malt beer US$0.60 per litre US$0.06 per litre
2204 Grape wines, natural wines, including fortified; stum,
except for mentioned in merchandise position 2009;US$0.70 per litre US$0.07 per litre
220410110 220410190 Champagne US $4.00 per litre US$0.40 per litre
220410910 220410990 Other champagne U S$1.80 per litre US$0.18 per litre
2205 Vermouths and natural grapes wines, other wines with
addition of vegetable and aromatic extracts;US$0.70 per litre US$0.07 per litre
2207 Ethyl non-denatured alcohol with alcohol
concentration of no less than 80%; ethyl alcohol and
other denatured alcohols of any concentration;Ethyl alcohol used by the enterprises, having a specialquotas, for the alcohol products production purposesUS$2.75 per litre US$2.0 per litre
2208 Ethyl non-denatured alcohol with alcohol
concentration of no less than 80%; alcohol liqueurs,liqueurs, and other alcoholic drinks;
Ethyl alcohol used by the enterprises, having a special
quotas, for the alcohol products production purposesUS$5.50 per litre US$1.50 per litre
220820120 Cognac US$12.00 per litre US$1.20 per litre
220860 Vodka US$3.00 per litre US$0.56 per litre
220890 Tajik vodka "Arak" US$3.00 per litre US$0.56 per litreWT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 211
Merchandise Codes in
accordance with
Merchandise
Nomenclature for СIS
Foreign Economic
ActivitiesMerchandiseExcise rate in % of value
or in US$ per Product Unit
2401 Tobacco raw materials and tobacco waste; US$0.06 per kg
From 2401 Tobacco raw materials and fermented tobacco waste; US$0.09 per kg
2402 Cigars, cigars with cut ends, cigarillos (thin cigars), and
cigarettes from tobacco or its substitutes;US$0.50. per 1,000 pieces
From 240220 Filter-tipped cigarettes cont aining tobacco; US$0.66 per 1,000 pieces
From 240220 Cigarettes without filter containing tobacco; US$0.10 per 1,000 pieces
2403 Other industrially produced tobacco, "homogenized" or
"restored"; tobacco extracts and essence;US$0.06 per kg
270900 Raw oil and raw oil products generated from bituminous
minerals;0
2710 Oil and raw oil materials generated from bituminous
minerals, excluding raw materials; products not named
anywhere containing 70% or oil products generated frombituminous minerals, which are the main compounds;US$40 per ton
271000260
271000270271000290271000320
271000340
271000360271000370271000390Motor gasoline US$0.05 per ton
271000510
271000550Medium distillates (kerosene) US$20 per ton
271000610
271000650271000690Gas-oil (diesel fuel) US$6.6 per ton
4011 Tires, pneumatic rubber, new:
 including:10%
401130  For use in aviation 0
401140 For motorcycles 0
401150 For bicycles 0
401191 With protector with herring-bone pattern or analogous
protectors;0
401199 Other: 0
4012 Tires, pneumatic rubber new, restored or used; tires,
solid or semi-pneumatic; interchangeable tire protectors
and rubber rim strips;10%
From 4012 Pneumatic rubber tires restored on the territory of the
Republic of Tajikistan5%
401210100 For civil aviation 0
401220100 For civil aviation 0
8703 Cars and other motor transport vehicles to carry
passengers (except for vehicles mentioned inmerchandise position 8702), including cargo-passengervans and racing cars.10 %
Note 1. The merchandise classification is presented in accordance with the Merchandise
Nomenclature for СIS Foreign Economic Activities (MNCIS FEA), 2nd edition.
2. An excise amount calculated in US$ is paid in national currency at the rate of the National
Bank on the day, when customs authorities receive a cargo customs declaration.WT/ACC/TJK/3
Page 212
3. Merchandise position 2401 includes tobacco raw ma terials as whole plants or leaves in the
natural, dried or fermented state, full or cut (including pieces of a certain form but not tobaccoready for smoking) (Explanation for the MNCIS FEA, volume 1, page 216).
4. Merchandise position 2709 includes crude oil, as well as generated from bituminous minerals
(for instance, from slates, calcareous rocks, and sandstones). In fact, they are natural productswhich, regardless of the composition, have been generated from usual or condensate oildeposits, or by destructive rectification of bituminous minerals. Oils generated in such a wayare included in this merchandise position even if they have been processed in any way
(Explanation for the MNCIS FEA, volume 1, page 260).
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