ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL  
DEL COMERCIO  S/DCS/W/EGY 
24 de enero de 2003 
 (03-0501) 
Comercio de Servicios Original:   inglés 
   
EGIPTO 
 
Proyecto de Lista refundida de Compromisos Específicos
1 
 
 
 El documento adjunto contiene un proyect o de la Lista refundida de Compromisos 
Específicos de Egipto, en formato Word.  Este documento no sustituye los compromisos 
jurídicamente vinculantes contraídos por Egip to en su Lista de Compromisos Específicos 
(GATS/SC/30;  GATS/SC/30/Suppl.2;  GATS/SC/30/Suppl.3). 
 
 Adjunto al proyecto de lista refundida figura la Lista de Exenciones del Artículo II (NMF) de 
Egipto (GATS/EL/30) en formato Word.   Los proyectos de la Lista refundida y de la Lista de Exenciones del trato NMF fueron preparados por la Secretaría, a petición de lo s Miembros, para facilitar el proceso de las 
negociaciones, incluida la presentación de ofertas iniciales. 
 
_______________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                           
1 Este documento se ha preparado, en inglés solament e, bajo la responsabilidad de la Secretaría y sin 
perjuicio de las posiciones de los Miembros ni de sus derechos ni obligaciones en el marco de la OMC.  S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 2  
Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS  
 ALL SECTORS 
 INCLUDED IN THIS 
 SCHEDULE 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 3) None 3) Acquisition of land : 
 
 Authorization is required for the acquisition of  
 land and/or real estate property.  Applications in  this respect are considered on the basis of the  
 evaluation of the specifi c projects for which the  
 acquisition is requested and in accordance with   the national policy objectives.  
   
- Acquisition of land and/or real estate  property   in free zone areas is unbound. 
  
 
 4) The entry and temporary stay of natural  
 persons  
 
 According to the labour code (Law No.  
 137/1981) and its executive regulations, the  
 number of foreign personnel necessary to the   supply of services in any entity, regardless of  
 number of its branches, shall not exceed 10  
 per cent of the total number of personnel   employed therein, unless otherwise specified  
 in a sectoral entry of this schedule. 
 4) None 
 
    S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 3Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
II: SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS  
2.C. Telecommunications  
 Services  
 
 This schedule does not  
 include telecommunication   services supplied for  
 distribution of radio or  
 television programming for   direct reception by service  
 consumer. (3) a) Licenses for the provision of all 
telecommunication services in Egypt are to be granted by the Telecommunications 
Regulatory Authority.  A transparent and 
non-discriminatory Economic Needs Test shall be the main basis for granting 
licenses until 31/12/2005.
1 
  b) Licenses are to be provided only to 
companies registered in Egypt. 
  c) Telecom Egypt has exclusive rights to 
provide cross-border tr ansmission into or  
out of Egypt using any means of technology for an exclusivity period that 
terminates no later than 31/12/2005. 
  Licenses providing international data 
communication services nave to lease 
international private lines from Telecom 
Egypt throughout the period of 
exclusivity. 
  d) Companies working in the 
telecommunications sector must train 
local human resources.   The government of 
 Egypt undertakes  additional 
 commitments as set 
 out in the attached  reference paper 
 hereto. 
 Egypt is currently in  the process of 
 presenting a new 
 Telecommunications  Act to the People 's 
 Assembly (Egyptian 
 Parliament) 
                                                           
 1 Continuation of ENT  beyond 31/12/2005 shall be subject to cons ultations between Egypt and WTO Members taking into considerati on progress of the CTS discussions on ENT.  S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 4 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 International and domestic  
 services using any means of   technology: 
 
2.C.a Voice telephone 
services 
2.C.d Telex services 
2.C.e Telegraph services 2.C.f Facsimile services 
2.C.g Private leased lines 
(International Only)  1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,  
 none
2 
2) None. 
3) a) Telecom Egypt has an exclusivity for the 
provision of the services that terminates no later than 31/12/2005.  After that date, 
none. 
 b) Resale of services is allowed based on 
agreements with Telecom Egypt. 
 c) Telecom Egypt is currently privatizing 
part of its shares through an initial public offering or sale to a strategic investor. 
  Telecom Egypt may continue the 
privatization up to 49% of its shares in subsequent stages. 
 d) Public payphones, none. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section. 1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section.  
 International services using  
 any means of technology: 
 
2.C.b&c Data services 
2.C.o Internet services 1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,  
 none2. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section.  
 
 Domestic services using   any means of technology: 
 
2.C.b&c Data services 2.C.g Private leased lines 
2.C.o Internet services  
1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,   none
2. 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section  
1) None  
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section  
                                                           
 2 A license is required.  
    S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 5Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
Other services: 
2.C.o Mobile services   (Digital Only) 1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date  
 none
2. 
2) None 
3) Two private GSM900 operators have licenses  
 to provide the services in Egypt with exclusive  right until 30/11/2002. 
 After that date, none. 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section. 1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
  
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section.  
 
 Other services using any  
 means of technology: 2.C.o Paging services 
2.C.o VSAT 
2.C.h.-n. -Value Added Services  
1) Unbound until 31/12/2005.  After that date,  
 none
2. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section  
1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal  section.  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND  
 RELATED   ENGINEERING  
 SERVICES    
B. Construction Work for 
 Civil Engineering  
  
  
  
 
- Bridges, elevated   highways, tunnels and  
 subways - Waterways, harbours, dams  
 and other water work 
- Long distance pipelines,   communication and power  
 lines (cables) 
- Construction for mining   and manufacturing 
 1) Unbound
* 
2) Unbound* 
3) - Commercial presence is only allowed for    joint-venture companies 
 
 - Foreign capital equ ity shall not exceed 49 
per cent of the total capital required for 
the project 
 4) None 1) Unbound
* 
2) Unbound* 
3) None  
 
  
 
 4) None 
  
                                                           
  
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility  
 
  S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 6 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 Special Trade Construction  
 Work : 
- Steel bending and erection  
 (including welding) 
- Other special trade   construction work 
 
 Installation Work
: 
- Gas fitting construction  
- work    
 Electrical Work : 
- Fire alarm construction   work 
- Other electrical  
 construction work - Other installation work    
- Lift and escalator  
 construction work - Renting services related to  
 equipment for 
 construction or demolition  
 of buildings or civil  
 engineering works, with   operator 
    
 
 
    S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 7Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL  
 RELATED SERVICES     
A. Hotels and Restaurants  
1. Hotels and Other  
 Commercial  
 Accommodations  
 
(a) Hotels and motels (b) Resort hotels and  
 accommodation facilities 
(c) Casino hotels  
2. Restaurants, Bars and 
 
 Canteens  
 
(a) Full service restaurants 
(b) Fast food restaurants and   cafeteria 
  
1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) A licence will be given according to the  
 requirement of economic needs test (main  
 criteria:  market needs and locating different   categories of hotels). 
- Casino services can be provided only through  
 5 stars hotels (gambling allowed only for   foreigners) 
- Limitations on the total number of services  
 operations depend on the requirement of   economic needs test (g eographical location,  
 increase in the number and categories of  
 tourists) - Foreign capital equity should not exceed 49  
 per cent in projects to be established in Sinai 
4) None 
  
1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) Training of Egyptian employees should be  
 performed by the foreign natural persons within 
 the terms of the contract  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
4) None 
  
 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour  
 Operators Services  
    
(a) Tour operators, packagers  
 and wholesalers 
(b) Travel agencies 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Limitations on the total number of services  
 operations depend on the requirement of   economic needs test 
4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Training of Egyptian employees should be  
 performed by the foreign natural persons within  the terms of the contract 
4) None 
  
 
D. Other Tourism Services  
 
1. Tourism Management  
 Services  
  
  
  
  S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 8 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
a) Tourism property  
 management b) Rental lease tourism  
 property
 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Bound only for representative offices.   
 Limitations on the total number of services  
 operations depend on the requirement of   economic needs test. 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Training of Egyptian employees should be  
 performed by the foreign natural persons within 
 the terms of the contract  
4) None 
  
 
2. Tourism Transport Services  
(a) Land transport services 
 
1. Long distance tour buses 2. Short Distance tour buses 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound   
 
(b) Inland Water Ways  
1. Inland Water Passenger  
 transport 2. Inland Water local tours 
3. Cruise ships 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) The addition to the inland water passenger  
 and/or local tours is subject to the physical   capacity of the Nile river. 
4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
  
4) None 
  
 
3. Tourism Training  
 Institutions  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
4. Tourism Related  
 Conventions  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
5. Institutional Food Service  
 Caterers  (with the  
 exception of Airport  
 Catering Facilities which   are confined only to the  
 national air carriers) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
  
   S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 9Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
  Measures of specific application
: 
 
A.  Insurance Services, the main criteria whic h the economic needs test s apply are as follows:  
 
1. Surplus demand to traditional classes of insurance gives new companies an opportunity of working without harmful competition  to the market or financial  positions 
 of existing companies and consequently policy holders.   
2. Exhausting of 50 per cent of the capacity of the existing companies, which is calculated on the bases of solvency margin, an d there is a surplus demand in excess 
 of the capacity which enables a ne w company to achieve its purposes. 
 
3. Setting up of a new company leads to an increase of total retention in the market;  taking into account the technical consid erations. 
 4. The new companies shall introduce new insurance covers. 
 
B. Other Financial Services
: 
 
 Commercial presence for conducting the activities of other Financial Services (Capital Market Services excluding trading in se curities) should be incorporated in Egypt  
 to take the form of a joint-stock company or a partnership limited by shares. 
  S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 10 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
A. All Insurance and  
 Insurance-related Services  
    
1. Life, health, personal  
 accident  1) None 
2) None 
3) Foreign and joint venture companies are   allowed only to carry on business in free  
 zones, provided that their activities shall be  
 confined to the transactions carried out in   convertible currencies. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 - No maximum limits required on the foreign  
 shareholding in free zones.  
-  Economic needs test shall apply to the inland  
 commercial presence (other than in free   zones) according to the criteria as stipulated in 
 the horizontal section. 
  Relaxation of economic needs test shall be in  
 2000 for life, health & personal accident  
 business. 
   
 - Foreign insurance companies' branches and  
 agencies are not allowed. 
 
- Foreign capital equity shall not exceed 49 per  
 cent of the total capital required for the  
 company (other than in free zones) up to 31  
 December 1999.  
     S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 11Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 -  As of 1 January 2000, foreign capital equity  
 shall be up to 51 per cent of the total   capital required for the company (other than in 
 free zones). 
- Legal cessions of the total transactions must  
 be ceded to Egyptian Reinsurance Co.  
 according to the percentages to be decided by  
 the supervisory authority and 5 per cent of the   Company's treaties to African Reinsurance  
 Co.  
   S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 12 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 
 4) Qualified non-Egyptian directors are allowed  
 for a five-year term and may be renewed.    Their appointment and renewal is subject to  
 the approval of the Supervisory Authority. 
 4) A non-Egyptian director must have at least two  
 Egyptian understudies.  
  
 
2. Non-life insurance  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Foreign and joint venture companies are  
 allowed only to carry on business in free   zones, provided that their activities shall be  
 confined to the transactions carried out in  
 convertible currencies. - No maximum limits required on the foreign  
 shareholding in free zones. 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None  
 -  Economic needs test shall apply to the inland  
 commercial presence (other than in free  
 zones) according to the criteria as stipulated in  the horizontal section. 
 
- Relaxation of economic needs test shall be in  
 2002 for non-life business. 
- Foreign capital equity sh all not exceed 49 per  
 cent of the total capital required for the  
 company (other than in free zones) up to 31  
 December 2002.   
 
 - As of 1 January 2003, foreign capital equity  
 shall be up to 51 per cent of the total capital  
 required for the company (other than in free  
 zones).  
- Foreign insurance companies' branches and  
 agencies are not allowed. - Legal cessions of the total transactions must  
 be ceded to Egyptian Reinsurance Co.  
 according to the percentages to be decided by   the supervisory authority and 5 per cent of the  
 Company's treaties to African Reinsurance  
 Co.   
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
   S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 13Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 4) Qualified non-Egyptian directors are allowed  
 for a five year term and may be renewed.    Their appointment and renewal is subject to  
 the approval of the Supervisory Authority. 4) A non-Egyptian director must have at least two  
 Egyptian understudies.  
 
3. Reinsurance and  
 retrocession  
  
1) None 2) None 
3) Foreign and joint venture companies are  
 allowed only to carry on business in free   zones and inland, and in the case of carrying  
 on their activities in free zones, their  
 transactions shall be confined to be carried out  in convertible  currencies. 
 
- No maximum limits required on the foreign   shareholding in free zones or inland. 
 
  
1) None 2) None 
3) None 
  
 
   
 
 - Foreign reinsurance companies' branches and  
 agencies are not allowed. 
 
- Insurance and reinsurance companies are not  
 allowed to deal with reinsurers not listed in   the supervisory authority list. 
 
- Five per cent of the co mpany's treaties must  
 be ceded to African Reinsurance Co. 
 
4) None  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
4) None    S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 14 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
4. Auxiliary services other 
 than intermediation:  
  
  
  
 
a. Actuarial services 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to   perform this professi on from a competent  
 authority in his home country and registered at 
 the Egyptian register for that purpose. 4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None  
 
 4) None  
 
b. Consultancy (risk  
 assessment and risk  
 management only) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to  
 perform this professi on from a competent  
 authority in his home country and registered at 
 the Egyptian register for that purpose. 
4) None  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
4) None   
 
c. Loss assessment  1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Foreign service supplier must be authorized to  
 perform this professi on from a competent  
 authority in his home country and registered at 
 the Egyptian register for that purpose. 
4) None  1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 
  
 
4) None   
 
d. Liaison offices  1) None 
2) None 3) Commercial presence is bound only for public  
 relations and market research. 
4) None  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) None   
 
e. Intermediation  1) Bound only for life insurance and reinsurance  
 services. 2) Bound only for life insurance and reinsurance  
 services. 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound 1) None 
2) None  
 
3) Unbound 4) Unbound  
   S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 15Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
B. Banking Services  
1. Joint-Venture Banks  (JVBs): 
a. Acceptance of deposits and  
 other forms of repayable  funds 
b. All types of lending,  
 including consumer credit,  and financing of 
 commercial transactions 
c. All payment and   money transmission 
 services, including credit, 
 charge and debit cards,  traveller's cheques and 
 bankers draft 
  
1) Unbound 2) Unbound 
3) The share of non-Egyptians in the capital of  
 JVBs and private banks may exceed  49 per   cent of the issued capital of any bank, without  
 ceiling.  On a non-discriminatory basis,  
 ownership of more than 10 per cent of the   issued capital of any bank, except through  
 inheritance, requires the approval of the CBE  
 Board of Directors.  
1) Unbound 2) Unbound 
3) Foreign service suppliers, in the context of  
 JVBs are required to of fer on-the-job training  
 for national employees.   S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 16 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
d. Guarantees and  
 Commitments e. Trading for own account or  
 for account of customers in: 
  - Money market    instruments  
  (cheques, bills and  
  certificates of 
deposits); 
  - foreign exchange; 
  - securities. f. Participation in share issues  
 and the provision of  
 services related to such   issues through subsidiaries 
g. Money broking 
h. Safekeeping of securities i. Credit reference services  
J. Safe custody services 
 4) The General Manager should have banking  
 experience in Egypt of no less than ten years   for banks established in Egypt other than  
 branches of foreign banks. 4) None  
2. Foreign Bank Branches  
 
 Same activities specified   under 1. above 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Economic needs test shall be applied.  
 
  
 
  
 
 4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Branches of foreign banks existing on 5 June   1992 (the date of enforcement of Law No. 37 of 
 1992) may be licensed to deal in local currency  
 in addition to foreign currency subject to the   satisfaction of minimum capital requirement,  
 adequacy of provisions and other prudential  
 measures (Art. 13 of the executive regulations  
 of the said Law). 
 
 4) None 
  
   S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 17Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
3. Representative Offices of  
 Foreign Banks (R.O.'s)  
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) Foreign banks which desire to set up  
 representative offices should not have  
 branches in Egypt.  
- Activities of R.O.'s should be confined to  
 conducting studies on potential investments,   acting as liaison with their head offices and  
 contributing to solving problems and  
 difficulties that may confront their head   offices' correspondents in Egypt. 
4) None 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) Unbound 
 
  
 
  
 
  
4) None 
  
 
C. Other Financial Services  
    
1. Securities  
    
a. Underwriting 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 
  
 
b. Brokerage  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
c. Trading in securities 
 
 (Buy and Sell by individual  
 or institution on the stock   exchange) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
d. Clearing and settlement  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
  S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 18 Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
e. Marketing and market  
 promotion  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
f. Portfolio and investment   management 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
g. Establishment of collective   investment funds  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
h. Venture capital 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
2. Financial Leasing  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
   S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 19Modes of supply:  (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
    
A. International Maritime 
 Transport     
(a) Passenger Transportation  
 (b) Freight Transportation
 
 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 3) Commercial Presence is only allowed for  
 joint-venture companies. 
 Foreign capital equity should not exceed 49   per cent; 
 All ships owned by the established companies  
 should be registered at the Egyptian ship   register as a pre-requisite to fly the Egyptian  
 flag 
4) 95 per cent of the crew should be national and   their wages and salaries should not be less  
 than 90 per cent of the total paid up wages and 
 salaries  The Chairman and major ity of the Board of  
 Directors must be Nationals 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
  
 
4) None  
  
 
(f) Supporting services for  
 Maritime Transport:  Port  
 dredging  1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound 
3) Commercial Presence is only allowed for   joint-venture companies. 
 Foreign capital equity should not exceed 75  
 per cent 4) At least 25 per cent of  both the personnel and  
 members of the Board of Directors must be  
 Nationals  1) Unbound* 
2) Unbound 
3) None  
 
 4) None 
 
  
 S/DCS/W/EGY 
Página 20 
 
 
Reference Paper  
 
Scope  
 
 The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic telecommunications services.  
Definitions
 
 
Users  mean service consumers and service suppliers. 
 Essential facilities
 mean facilities of a public telecommunication transport network or service that 
  (a) are exclusively or predominantly provided  by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
  and 
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a    service.  A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to mate rially affect the terms of participation 
(having regard to price and supply) in the releva nt market for basic telecommunications services as a 
result of:   (a) control over essential facilities; or  (b) use of its position in the market  1. Competitive safeguards 
 
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
  Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 1.2 Safeguards
 
  The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular: 
 
 (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;   (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results; and   (c) not making available to other servi ces suppliers on a time ly basis technical 
information about essential f acilities and commerci ally relevant information which are 
necessary for them to provide services. 
 
2. Interconnection 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicat e with users of another 
supplier and to access services provided by a nother supplier, where sp ecific commitments are 
undertaken.   
 
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2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
 
 Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network. Such interc onnection is provided 
  (a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and  
  specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non- affiliated service s uppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
  (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, co nditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard to 
economic feasibility, and suffi ciently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for  
  network components or facili ties that it does not require for the service to be provided; 
and 
  (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
 2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
 
  The procedures applicable fo r interconnection to a major s upplier will be made publicly 
available. 
 
2.4  Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
  It is ensured that any supplier with a dominant  position will make publicly available either its 
interconnection agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
 
2.5  Interconnection: dispute settlement
 
  A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
 
 (a) at any time or 
  (b) after a reasonable period of time  which has been made publicly known 
 to an independent domestic body, which may be a regu latory body as referred to in paragraph 5 below, 
to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and rates for interconnection within a 
reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not been established previously. 
 
3. Universal service  
 Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain. Such obligations will not be regarded  as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and comp etitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 
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4. Public availability of licensing criteria 
 
 Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
 
 (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence and 
  (b) the terms and conditions of individual licences. 
 
The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 
5. Independent regulators  
 
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regul ators shall be impartial 
with respect to all market participants. 
 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources 
  Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current state of allocated frequency ba nds will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government us es is not required.  
 
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   S/DCS/W/EGY
 Página 23EGYPT – FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS 
 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
ALL SECTORS 
 Full national treatment is 
extended to foreign personnel of 
the countries indicated in column 3 
 Greece 
Iraq 
Jordan Libya 
Qatar 
Sudan United Arab Emirates 
Yemen and possibly: 
other countries  This measure shall be 
maintained as long as the 
agreements referred to in column 2 remain in force 
or are extended 
 To ensure opening of the markets in 
the countries referred to in column 3, 
as the major trading partners do not accord the Egyptian nationals 
satisfactory opportunities. 
 
ROAD  TRANSPORT 
(PASSENGER AND 
FREIGHT)  The supply of road transport 
services by foreign suppliers 
into and across the territory of Egypt is limited to vehicles 
registered in the countries 
indicated in column 3, with 
which Egypt is a party in 
bilateral or multilateral agreements 
 The Arab-League countries, and 
possibly:  other countries 
 This measure shall be 
maintained as long as the 
agreements referred to in column 2 remain in force 
or are extended 
 To promote intra-Arab trade and 
facilitate movement of Arab citizens 
into Egypt as stipulated in the Arab-League Agreement 
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Página 24 Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES (Co-production 
Agreements) 
 Full national treatment is 
extended to audiovisual works (Co-production Agreements) 
originating only in countries 
indicated in column 3, with which Egypt is a party to 
bilateral or multilateral 
agreements 
 Algeria 
Cyprus Iraq 
Jordan 
Kuwait Lebanon 
Libya 
Mauritania 
Morocco 
Oman Sudan 
Syria 
Tunisia United Arab Emirates 
and possibly:   
other countries  This measure shall be 
maintained as long as the agreements referred to in 
column 2 remain in force 
or are extended  To maintain the Arab culture and 
identity  
 
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