WORLD TRADE 
ORGANIZATION 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property Rights IPlNllIBGR/C/l 
11 March 1998 
(98-0980) 
Original: English 
MAIN DEDICATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS AND REGULATIONS 
NOTIFIED UNDER ARTICLE 63.2 OF THE AGREEMENT 
Bulgaria 
The present document reproduces! the text of the Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights, 
Publ. State Gazette No. 56129 June 1993, as notified by Bulgaria under Article 63.2 of the Agreement 
(see document IP/N/lIBGR/I, which will be distributed in due course). 
!English only IP/NI1 IBGRIC/I 
Page 2 
IIlJl.GAltlAN C1IAr.1BEH OF C01\l1\lEHCE AND INDUSTRY 
LA\V 
ON COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBORING 
RIGHTS 
Sofia, 199J 
Ifl Bulgarian Chamher of Ct1tlHllen.:e amI (nJtlqrv 
\0·10 Snlia. II·a ~UhllrsJa ~Ir,. I"il\: 00\'\1/2 :\7 ,\2 fllj 
Trall'.lalnr: Ol);a Sir;l!<t1\'a 
Flll!lj,!l lall)!lJarC t'dill\f" (iC11fl'.i Sarakitlll\' 
\TZI'I \..'1.1> .• 1\1 :sl--:r S<; Ir-..:I ()!{~I·\ IIO\: .\. 1'1'!!1 1'-01 II'..!, ( ()\II'.\ '\. '\ 
or '1111. Ill', Ci.-\HI·\\: (IIN.HI! H (.II' ('0\1\11 IWI ,\ I',I)['\(/(\ P2r1 One 
Chapler One 
Chapler Two 
Chapter Three 
Chapler four 
Sectioll OTle 
SeclioTl Two 
Chapter fiv~ 
Chapler Six 
Chapler Seven 
Sectioll Olle 
Section Two 
Section Three 
Sec/ioll FOllr 
Section Fil'(' 
Sectioll Six 
Sectioll 5'c\lell 
Put Two 
Chapler Eight 
Chapter Nine 
(,haplcr TCIl 
Chapler Eleven 
1'2rt Three IPINI1IBGRIC/1 
Page 3 
CONTENTS 
\'age ...... 
COI'YHIGIIT ......................................................... 7 
GENERAL PROVISIONS ......................................... 7 
SUI3JECT TO COPYRIGHT .................................... 7 
HOLDERS OF COPYRIGIIT ................................. ;. 8 
CONTENTS OF COPYRIGIIT .............................. 11 
{l.10RAL HleJllTS ................................................... II 
ECONOMIC RIGHTS ............................................ 12 
FREE USE OF WORKS ....... : ................................. 14 
DURATION OF COPYRIGIIT .............................. 17 
USE OF THE WORKS ........................................... 19 
GENERAL PROVISIONS ....................................... 19 
PUBLISHING 'CONTRACT ................................... 22 
CONTRACT FOR PUBLIC I'HF.'>FNTATION 
OH !'lI II I \('1'1·111-1 1!lI\IANn .............................. ;' 
CONTHACT FOR PUBLICAIION 
IN A PE!{IODICAL ................................................ 26 
PRODUCtiON AND USE OF FILMS AND 
OTIIER AUDIOVISUAL WORKS .......................... 27 
USE OF WORKS OF FINE ARTS. 
ARCIIlTECfURE AND PHOTOGRAPHy ........... 30 
USE OF COMPUTER PROGRAf\lS ...................... 30 
NEIGIIDORING RIGHTS ................................. 31 
GENERAL PROViSIONS· ....................................... 31 
RIGI ITS OF PERFORMERS .................................. 32 
RIGHTS OF TI IE PRODUCERS 
OF SOUND RECORDINGS .................................. 35 
RIGHTS OF RADIO AND TELEVISION 
Olt(jANI1ArJ()NS ................................................ 37 
PROTECTION OF COPYIU<:IIT 
AND NEIGIInORING RIGIITS ....................... 37 
Chapter Twelve CIVIL 'REMEDIES .................................................. 37 
Chapter Thirteen ADMINISTRATIVE·PENAL PROVISIONS ;7" ....... 38 
Part Four APPLICABLE LAW ........................................... 40 
ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS ............................................................................ 41 
TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS .................................................. 43 IP/NlllBGRlC/l 
Page 4 
On June 16, 1993 the Bulgarian ParJiZlIl1ent enacted the Law on ." Copyright and Neighboring Rights. This is one of the laws. which 
trace the way to a market economy in the Republic of Bulgaria. 
Aller the long lasting absence of an adequate. or any, regulation of 
the copyright and neighboring rights, the ref<,ons enti.led to these 
right~ lin already lIi~po"e with a model'll, cnntenll)nrary \.aw. The 
new \.aw Ctllllplics with the n:quirclllcllls IOf regulation of relations 
in these fields ill the coulltriL"S with a developed market economy. 
The obligation to grant the respective protection of intcllectual 
property rights the Rerublic of Bulgaria has undertaken in the 
Agreements signed with the Eurol?Can Community and the: EFTA 
countries. The Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry has 
actively participated in the preparation and the holding of the 
negotiations with the European Communities. Bulgaria expects the: 
negotiations fnr joining GATT to start again soon. Special attention 
at the Uruguay Round of GATr is paid to the Trade Rclated 
Aspects of Intellectual Properly RighlS. 
With the prescnt publication of the Law on Copyright and 
Neighhoring H ight'l the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and 
lndu\try has the pleasure to introduce to a larger circle of interested 
persons the changes in the protection of intellectual property rights in 
Bulgaria. 
The present Law, together wilh other laws enacted by the Parlia­
ment, creates the generally accepted guarantees for carrying out the: 
economic activities in our country by foreign natural and juridical per-
5,'ns. The Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry would be 
glad to provide, upon request, any additional information for the 
protection of intellectual property rights in Bulgaria. 
Bojidar Bojinoy 
President of the Bulgarian Chamber 
of Commerce and Industry LA\\' O~ COPYRIGIIT 
..\;\'1) :\EIGIIBOIU:,\(; RI(;JJTS IP/NIl/BGRJCI 1 
Page 5 
(l'lIBI.ISIIEI> IN ST.\TE <; .. \1. I-: r 1"1-: ,(). 56/29.06,1993) 
I'ur( Orrc: 
("OPYlU(;IIT 
('h:.tpll'.r ()nl' 
C r~ F.H ,\ \. I' IU)\' IS I ()~S 
Su hjl'l'( :\ Ia Ih'r 
,\rtkk I. I Ill' .. l,aw "hall I cptlatc tllc rdltinns Ctlnllcctcd with 
ncaliull and di"lriblllilln llrlilcrary. arti"'lic and \cicntilic workc;, 
;\ri ... ing of ('()P~ right 
:\rlirk 2, ('llp~ right I'll lilL"rary. arli"tic alld "Cicillilic Wlll b 
,11;111 :II i"l' fill lh\.' a\lII\\'I" 11\)1111 the uealillil tlf the wnrk, 
(' h a IIll' r T \\ () 
Sl:B.JECT TO ("OI'YRICIIT 
i'r()(l'rtl't\ Work ... 
';\rtirk J, (I) SlIbkCI III \.'lll'~ril~ht i'\ allY literary, artiqic ami 
',1 i\'llIiI'II' \\Ill~ \dlllil i ... :1 I(""dl \II' I Ic.lli\{' alti\ilil'\ alld i\ n!l'L'\\t'd 
III \\ 11;lt\'\ t'l Ill;IIIIll'1 :llld \\ 11;llc\ L'I l:lflt:,hk I'll I' III , \tlch :1\: 
I, litclary ,,"PI k". includillg \\"\11 k\ Ill' '>cientifit: alld techllical 
lilcraturc. pllhlici\lll. alld cllmpulcr prllgr:II11'\: 
2 Ill\l\ic:l1 wnrk'\; y-
,I, "t:l!!-c Will''''' . dram:llic \V\)rk~. dralll:ttico-111l1\ical wL1rk .... 
pal1tl1lllimc<;, cltnn:ngraphic \I.:nrb clc.; IP/NIlIBGRICI 1 
Page 6 
4. (jJ!ll~ and othel" alldiovi~lIal wl)rb; 
5. works of fine arts, including works of applied art, design, and 
folklore artistic crans; 
6. works of architecture; 
7. photographic works, and works created by a proce~s 
analogous to the photographic; 
8. projects, maps, schemes, plans and others related tn 
architecture, territorial lay-out. geography, topography. muscum 
activities, and any other field of science and technic';; 
9. graphic urrangclIlclI( (lr 11 III illted editillll.· 
(2) Subject to copyright shall also be: 
1. translations and adaptations of pre-cxisting works and 
folklore works; 
2. arrangements of musical works and folklore works; 
3. periodicals. encyclopaedias, collections, anthologies, bibliog­
raphies, data bases, and other works similar to the above, which 
include two or more works or materials. 
(3) Subject to copyright shall also be a part of a work under 
paragraphs 1 and 2, as well as preparatory drawings. plans and 
other works of the kind. 
Exceptions 
Arlidl' 4. The following .. hall !llll Ix' .. \lhjeLl \I) cllpyrit.:hl: 
I. normative and individual acl" of "tale gllverning lxxlic .... a lit I 
the official translation" thereof; 
I 2. ideas and concepts; 
3. folklore works; 
4. news, facts. information and data. 
('haptrr Thrrr 
1I01.()ERS OF COPYRICIIT 
Authors and Oll)l'r Prrsons Iioltln .... of Cop) right 
Artic1r 5. The author is the natural pcr~nn who ha~ created the 
work as a r6ult of hi., (.:rcalivc i\cli\'ilic~. Other nalural ur jlJridical IP/N/1IBGRJCIl 
Page 7 
persons shall be holders nf c~1pyrighl only ill the cases explicitly 
envisaged by this Law. 
Presumption for Authorship 
Article 6. Unless otherwise provided, the author is presumeu to 
be the person whosc namc or othcr iJcntifying sign is indicatetl on 
the work in the usual manner. 
Copyrighl on a Work Disclosed 
under a Pseudon)'m or Anonymou.sly. 
Artldc 7, (I) i\ Wlll k Illay be di~c\l) ... cd IIllder a psclldllllYl1I or 
anonymol)sly. 
(2) Until thc identity of the author is revealed copyright shall be 
exercised by the natural or juridica,l person, who with the consent of 
the author has disclosed for the first time the work. 
(3) The provision of paragraph 2 shall not apply when the 
pseudonym leaves no doubts as to the identity of the author. 
Coaulhors 
Arlicle 8. (I) Copyright on a work creatcd by two. or more· 
persons shall belong to them together regardless whether the work is 
intlivisiblc as a whole. or consists of parts 'which have an existence 
on their own. 
(2) All cnalltl1()r~ ,hall give their Clln'l'llt fllr any U\C ur the 
wnrk. or it) adaptation. In case there is no consent \x:tween the 
coauthors the question shall be referred to the court.. 
(3) Aner a consent is given for usc of the work in a given 
manner, or there is a decision or the court to that effect, no one of 
the coauthors shall. without a reasonable ground. object to further 
usc in the same manner. 
(4) The remunerations. due to the coautr,or.: for U5C of the 
wnl k, shall be divided l'lCtwecn them in propor:ions m_·~ually agreed 
by thelll. In case there is no consent between them the coauthors 
,hal! be deemed lo be entitled to equal proportions. IfY'""caSC5 of 
di)putc the prnrO/'liom shull be uctcrmincd by the court uC(ording IP/N/IIBGRlC/l 
Page 8 
1(1 Ihl' (IIlllllhulinn llr 1':\(\1 Ill' Ihe ((l:1lI11hli", 
(5) \\'h(\1 Ihe \\'(11 I.. t.:lc:llcd ,,~ Ctl:llllh(ll\ (1111,i,t, Ill' P:II'l' \\111..:11 
han: an indepcndcnt !>iplific;tn..:c. ra..:h Ill' tile :llIlhnr\ rna~ :Iutlwri/l' 
separale lI<.e or hi .. pan, link" lllllCrwi'e CI!!l'cl'd b) Illc l'\laIlIIIPr", 
and unk\,> Ihi'> doc\ /llli prcjlldil'( IN' \1(' Ihe whllk WllI k 
('C1p~ right (In Trall"I;Jlillll\ alltl Atlal'lali\ll\\ 
Arlirk 9. Copyright l)ll Iran .. latinn\ anJ adaptatilln ... beh)ng' 1\) 
the rcr<.nn whl) ha<; madc Ihcrn, and Ihi ... dllc, rlt)t prejudice the 
right" of the :luthl\r of the nriginal work, Thi, .. hall /)lIt prcn:l1t lIther 
rel'son" fwrn making their own indl'pendent tran,,!:tlillll 1)1' 
(lJarl:ltion or the ~tmc work, 
('()P~ ris.:ht on Pl'riodieah 
Arliele 10. Copyrighl (11\ periodical\ .. hall !IdlIng It I Ihc llallJl'al 
or juridical pcr~nn wlw "ccure\ the cn:atil\n and the I)uhlic:llinn llf 
Ihe wtlrk, Cl'p~ribhl l'll the !>l'parall' p:ln, indllded ill <,\I(h a \\ 1l1'1\ , 
which repre'l'lll a literar:, :lIll'!lC pr .. ciclltJlic \\(Ilk .... hall hell'lli! tIl 
Iheir :tlltllll(,\ 
('()Jl~ right on ('lIlkrlitlll" Lm'~d(lp;J~'lIia", ()ktioJlaril''', 
'\nthol(lgil'~, Bihliographil" and I>ata Haw, 
Article 11. (I) Cllp:!'i)!hl \'1) \:lllll:(li,111', l'llc~cll'l'anlia'. 
tlicliol1:.lrit:~, antll\,llll-!ic", bil'lIl')!rapilic .... dat;\ iw,e' and Ilt\Jel' \\llrl.., 
llr tilt: kind 'hall hchlllt; ttl Iht: I'cr'"1l \~ h,' 11;\, "ekdl'd Ill' :11 1';1I1~l'd 
till' \l \ll'\.;' ;ll1d llr Iltatell:ll, IIh,ludl'd. link" l'lhl'l \\ i,l' ... !il'ui;llcd ill ;\ 
c\II)lract. ('\\p~rit:ht 1111 tht: "l'I':I(';\!l' 1':11 h, llh,hllkd 11\ "U(\J a ",III.., 
w);ic!1 rel'l'e"L'llt litelar~, :lIli"llC ,II' '(ll'lilili( \\(ll~" ... hall hl'hlJ1!,! III 
their :tuthllr", 
(~) rllr indudill): \\111'''', \11 1';\1'\'" lit' tlll'J1\. III :1 \\1I11, 11f' thl' 
kind, (he clIn"Cl1( \\1' Ihl' ;llJlh,I(," 1<' Ill'el\t:d, 1IIlk'" l>thel \\ P'l' lInn ilkd 
b~ tile 1;1 II' 
('!II' ~ r i ~ It I II!\ \ \ lJ II,., "f I i 11\' \ I I :Ill d \ r r hilt' t' III ( l' 
Arlkl(' 12. Cnp~TI~lit \)11 \\\I\b lit lillI' ;ut ;u1d illl'ltlll'llille ,h;1I1 
belong tlllh,' }'crwn \\1111 !l;11., l'!l'jlln! till' \\I'd., IJl,'ludIJl): 111 I Ill' l;I'l', IP/N/IIBGRIC/l 
Page 9 
\\ hCll the pw/lt'r\hip (111 the \\:l)rk 1x:II)nb, tn :Inlllhcr per\tll1. 
Cop.~ ri~ht on P\}rtr~it'i 
;\rtide 1.1. C()pyri!~llt I)n a wInk vI' lillt: art nr a plll)\ngrapbic 
wIlrk. reprC\Clltillg a \'I{)r!l"ait "r :tllll!ht.'r lWI"'llll .... hal! kllll1g-ll) Ihe 
:IlJlhllr llr,he \~PI~ nil' :llf!i1llf" :llld lilt: PCI',PII Ihll!I:I~t.'d 11Ia:-;! 1'.1 t'l' 
lIpllll llle Clllldltlll/l\ tl' U\C the: \',:urk. 
C()(I~ right on C()mflut~r Programs and Data Bases Crealed 
under an Empl()~ men! Contract 
,\rlidc 14. Cl'p~right nn computer program<; and data basL'S 
(f"t.'ated lfnder an t.'lllpll)Ynlt.'nt cnlltract shall belong tn the employer, 
lIlI!c"" ntherwi'.e ag,rccd upon. 
(' hap I ~'r F () U r 
CONTENTS OF COPYIUGIIT 
Seer ion Ollt! 
1\101L\L IUCIITS 
Kin(h of :\lorul Author'., Righl'i 
Artide 15. (II The :lllthnr 'hall have the right to: 
I. decide whether the wllrk nC3tcJ hy him shall Ix Jisdo~eJ 
and to determine the time, place alld manner in which this shall be 
dnne, C\ct.'pt I'or the ,;uhjects under Article J, paragraph I, 
"lJ\lp:tI":I~r:ll'll\ -l, h :tlld S. in which ca .. e thi~ right ,hall be stipulateJ 
in a Cllntract: 
2. dcmand rcc()gflitinn (If hit; autlw!'\hip ~1n the work; 
.l. decide whcthcr his work ,hall be Ji-;ci()scJ uflJcr a 
p"t.'lfdnnYfll (lr a/1pn~ fl1l)\I .. ty: 
~. dcmand Ihat hi.:; namc, r<;cuJonyrn l1r llt\1cr iJentifying )ign 
he indicated in the rC\11t.'cti\·e manncr in (l)f1/lcclion v.:ith each anti 
:tll\ 11',(' <II' Ihl' Wllik • 
. 'i dt.'flI;tnd I'f'C\l'1 \'IlIg lilt.' 11ILq:rlLy Pt' llle W~ll k a III I II) \.1bjcct lo 
;1I1Y l'Ilartgc'i in it. nr any ;!l't which might prejudice IIi, !cgnIllltcrc\ts 
()f Ili~ I'cI',ul1:11 dignitv; IP/N/1IBGRIC/l 
Page 10 
6. change the work, provided that this doc<; not infringe righ(~ 
acquired by other persons; 
7. acce~s to the oriidnal or the work whcll it i~ ill the pO"l, .. \ioll 
of another person, and when this is necessary with regard to 
exercising a moral or property right, provided for by this Law; 
8. stop the usc of the work because of changes in his 
convictions, except when the works of architecture have becn 
realized, provided that he has indemnified for kw;cs the persons, wlH) 
have legally acquired the right to usc the work. 
(2) The author is not entitled to the righe to object to the desire 
of the owner of an architectural work to destroy it, to reconstruct it, 
to build an additional storey, or to add to a building. when this is 
done in accordance with the legal provisions. 
Inalienability of the Mornl Rights 
Article' 16. The mornl rights under paragruph I, ~lIhparagrapl1., ~ 
and 4 of the preceding Article arc inalienable. Alienation from other 
moral rights shall be done only explicitly and in a written form. 
Exercise of Moral Rights after the Death of the Author 
Article 17. Afler the death of the author until expiration of the 
term of protection of copyright the moral rights, except the rights 
under Article 15, paragraph 1, subparagra phs 6 amI 8, 511<111 be 
exercised oy the succcs~rs or the author. 
Section Two 
ECONOMIC RIGHTS 
Kinds of Economic Author's Rights 
Article 18. (1) The author shall have the exclusivc right to u~c 
the work created by him and to uutl!u/'il.t: other pt:l',>um tll U\C hi\ 
work unless otherwise provided for by this Law. 
(2) Use undcr paragraph 1 shall t)<: comidcrcd act:-such as: 
1. reproduction of the work; 
2. distribution to unlimited number of pcr~lllls of tile original or 
of the copies of the work; 1 rlihlic present:ltioll or pcrform:ll1ce of the work; 
..t. hfl):llkast of tile wo~·k in a wirelc-ss way'; IP/NI1 IBGRIC/l 
Page 11 
5. Iralls!Ili'i'iioll of llle wurk by c.:abk or hy tlthel leclllliL·;d 
means; 
6. public exhibition of the work of fine arts or the work created 
in a photographic or in analogous to it process: 
7. translation of the work into another language; 
8. adaptation of the work. Use of the work to create a new. 
derivative to it work shall also be comidercd an adaptation; 
9. realization of an architectural project by building or making 
tile ohject. for which it is madc. 
(3) The acts pointed out in paragraph 2, subparagraphs 3 to 8 
included shall be considcred use of the work when done in such a 
way, as to enable unlimited number of people to perceive the work. 
(4) The first sale or another contract which transfers the 
llwnership on the original or tile work, or on a copy 0(" it. made by 
the holder of copyright himself, or with his authorization, shall 
terminate the right to distribute them, except the right to authorize 
their subsequent renting. This provision shall not apply to the right. 
under Article 20. 
Right to Remuneration for Any Kind of Use 
Article 19. The author shall have the right to receive a 
remuneration for any kind of usc of the work. and for any sub­
sequent use of the same kind. 
Right in Cases of Resale 
Article 20. (I) In cases of a 5econd and any sub~quent sale of 
the ori:sinal of a work of painting, sculptural or graphic work done 
through a commercial agent or at a public auction, the author shall 
have the right to receive a remuneration amounting to live per cent 
of the sale price, unless a higher percentage is not agreed upon be­
tween them. 
(2) The commercial agent or the auctioneer shull be-"(jbllgcd to 
inform the author within 11 term of two months from the fme of the IP/NllIBGRlC/l 
Page 12 
work, and to pay him the remuneration t1ue directly or with an 
organization for collective administration of cnpyright. 
Permitted Transmission b~' Cable 
Article 21. The authorization for wireless broadcasting of the 
work shall also imply the authorization to broadcast it hy cable or 
other tcchnical mcan'> without payment of a scp~ratc rcmuncralinn 
provided that thc Iran<;mission takc<; place simultane()u!-Iy with the 
broadcast, without any changcs, and is within the bOllnd:J.rics of the 
tcrritory for which the right to oroadcast has been grantcd. 
Permitted Broadcasting yiu Telecommunication Satdlite 
Article 22. The authori7.ation for wirdc~c, broaclcu)ting of the 
wurk irnplic!> abu the right tu traf1!>lllit tllc work by !>igllal lo a 
telecommunication ~tellil.e permitting the work to be received 
through an organization different from the onc scnding it. This shall 
be permittcd only in case that the author ha.. granted to the 
receiving organization the right to broadcast the work in a wirclc!>s 
way, 10 transmit it by cable or other technical means or to 
communicate it in any other way to the public. In thie; case the 
sending organization docs not own remuncratitlll 
Chapter Fi\e 
FREE USE OF WOIU\.S 
Permi<;<;jhk free Usc 
Arlldl' 23. Till' fnlllw:in).! \hall be PCIIIIIIIl'l1 wIlll\1111 lilt' 
authorization of the authur anti withuut payment a refllLJ!lt:ratiulI. 
1. usc of quotations from work!> of uther pCr~ll!l" puinting out 
the source and the name of the author if it has bcen indic3teu. The 
quotation shall be done following the u~ual practice, and )lJali be 
made to the extent justified for thC.pllq)U)C: 
2. usc of parts of publi)heJ Wl'! b. ()r of a limited nUlllber uf 
sm;}11 works in other wl)rk, tu lhl' c:..tt.'l1( rl\;l"t:~):Ir) fllr analy .. i\ 
comments or ('ther kind or \I,;icntin~ ~tllll) Sllt,;!\ u~c i'> pc.:rmillcd IP/N/IIBGRJCIl 
Page 13 
only for scientific and educational rurpn<,c~. indicating the ~l)tJrcc 
and the name of the author. provided that the normal use of the 
work is not affected, and that the legal interc<;ts of the authors -are 
not prejudiced; 
J. usc as current information in periodicals and other mass 
media of speeches, reports, sermons and the like or parts IhercI.)r 
delivered at public meetings. as well as of pleadings in court proce­
dures; 
4. reprcx..luction in a photographic, cinematographic. or another 
analogous process. as well as by way of sOl}nd recording or video 
recording of works. connected with a currcnt event. so that these 
works could bc u'>cd hy the ma~<; media In a lilllitcd extent, justified 
(~)r the puqx)~es llf the infi.)rmatinll; 
5. reproduction of works permanently exhibited on streets, 
squares and other public places excluding reproJuction by way of 
mechanical cont..1.ct. as well as their broadcasting in a wireless way 
or transmitting by cable or other technical mean~: \!hen this is done 
for the purposes of information or other non-co"l1merc;~'\ purposes; 
6. public p<:rformance of published works i!1 schools or other 
places for education whcn there is no admission fec and no 
remunerations arc paid to the participants in the preparation and 
realization of the public performance; 
7. reproduction in a reprographic or other analogous process of 
p.:uts of published works or small works, as well as reproduction of 
part') of lill:-,<; and other ;\lIdillvi\lJal WIll h llr Wlll"k, rC((lrdl'd 01\ 
~llllnd llr video carriers by sdll)ols or lIther educational institutions 
and the usc thereof for educational purposes; 
8. rcprcx.luction of works already disclosed in Braille or another 
an~llogous process, provided this is not done with commercial 
purposes; 
9. reproduction of limited number of works already published, 
except computer programs and dala ha~cs, in a rcp;.ographic, 
photograrhic ur uther analogous process, done by 'public librarics, 
lk~u!l\cntn\i()11 ~cnlcr~, sdentil1c Imtltutcs etc" provided that this i~ IP/N/l IBGRICI 1 
Page 14 
done for scientific purposes or with the purpose of preserving the 
work and the copies thereof are not distributed outside the 
organization, which has reproduced the work; 
10. use of details. fragments and separate clements of buildings 
and architectural projects, provided the name of the author is 
pointed out when it is indicated. The use shall be: in comp'lianee with 
the common practice. and shall be to the extent justified for the 
purpose. 
Permitted Recording for a Singll'. Broadcast 
Artlclr 24. RadIo-and television organizlltil1m which have been 
authClrized by the author to broadcast his work in a wireless way, 
shall have the right, without the authorization of the author and 
without payment additional remuneration to make a sound 
recording or video recording for the purposes of the permitted single 
broadcast. Subsequent broadcast of the recorded work is subject to 
authorization by the author and to payment a remuneration in ac­
cordance with the provisions of Article 40. 
Free Cop~'ing for Personal Use 
Article 25. Making copies of works already puhlished shall be 
permitted without the authorization of the author and without 
payment remuneration only for personal usc. This shall /lot refer to 
computer programs anu arcllitcctul'1l1 work\, 
Remuneration for Copies for Personal Use 
Article 26. (1) The authors of works recorded on sOllnd carriers 
or video carriers, as well as the performers, whose performances 
have been recorded. and the producers or such recordings, shall he 
entitled to a compensatory remuneration when the recordings arc 
reproduced for personal usc. 
(2) The remuneration under the preceding paragraph shall be 
paid by the persons who' prcx.luce or import blank 5OtH1U or video 
carriers. The amount or the remuneration is O\'C per cent of lhe 
production price of tile cnrr\crs pr(xlul:cd In tile Ct111Il!ry. re5pe\:!i\'cly IP/N/IIBGRlC/l 
Page 15 
of the customs taxable price when the carriers are imported, 
(3) The remunerations shall be paid to the organization, 
designated by the Ministry responsible for the culture, which shall ., 
distribute them among the organizations, representing the gifferent 
categorieS of holders of rights. l3eforc the distribution is done, twenty 
per cent of the sum collected shall be detluctctl and trC!. :~fcrrctl for 
cultural purposes to the Ministry responsible for the culture. 
(4) The distribution of the collected sums among the different 
categories of right holders shall be negotiate,d by the organi7.ations 
f\ll' culb;live admilli,ll'alillll uf' the difll:rcllt calc:gllrics or rights. In 
c;iscs or Jispule the matter shall be considered in accordance with ~ 
5, paragraph 2 of the Additional Provisions .. 
Chapter Six 
DURATION Of COPYRIGHT 
General Rule 
Article 27. (I) Copyright shall be protected during the: life: of 
the author and fifty years after his death. 
(2) In cases of works created by two or more authors the term 
untler paragraph I shall begin to run after the death of the last 
survived coauthor. 
Anonymolls and Pseudonymous Works 
Articlf: 28. Copyright on a work used anonymously or under 
pseudonym shall last for fifty years at1er disclosing the work for the 
first time. If during this term the identity of the author is revealed 
the provisions under the preceding paragraph shall apply. 
films 
Article 29. (I) Copyright on films or other audiovisual works 
shall last for fifty years after disclosing the work. 
(2) In case the work has not been disclo~-:"d the .term under 
parngrnph I begins to run from the crcntion of dlO ;,/ork, IP/NI1 IBGRIC/l 
Page 16 
Collectin' Works 
Article 30. Copyright on encyclopaedias. periodicals and other 
works under Article 3, paragraph 2. subparagraph 3 shall last for 
fifty years from their publication. 
Beginning or Terms 
Article 31. The terms under the preceding Articles of the 
present Chnpter shall hegin In rlln frnm tile fir .. t (If JanlJary of the 
year following the year of the death of the author or of the creation 
of the work. respectively its disclosure or rnhlication, according to 
Articles 27 to 30. 
Inheritance of Copyright 
Article 32. (1) After the death of the author copyright shall 
pass to the heif$ under a will, and to the heir~-at-Iaw in accordance 
with the provisions of the Law on Inheritance. 
(2) Copyright shall be inherited until the end of the [crill of i(~ 
protection. 
Exercise or the Rights \\ hen Thrre Are no I ieirs 
Article 33. In case the author hac; no heirs or the heirs have 
died before the expiration of the term of protection copyright <,hall 
pass to the State which exercises it until it cxrife~ through the Minis­
try responsible for the culture. In case the deceased author had been 
a member of an organization for collecti\'e administration or rights 
lmdcr this Law. these rights shall further be exercised until their 
cxpi'ration by this organization at its account. 
Use of the Work aftt'r E:\piration 
of the Term of Pro{{'c{ion 
Article 34. After expiration of the tefrn of protection of 
copyright the work may freely he used, l1flwided that the rights 
under Article 15. subparagrarh~ 4 and 5, which are not limited by 
term, shall not be inrringed. The bodie<, under Article 33 <;ur~:rvi<;c 
the ohscrviltion of the ri~hl'i, and nUlL a~ an t'x(cplinll, pcrnlil 
al\cru!iom ill lilt' work. Chapter Seven 
USE OF TilE WORKS 
Section One IP/N/1IBGRlC/1 
Page 17 
G ENEIL\L PIH}VISIONS 
Authori7.alion by the Author to use the Work 
Article 35. AllY wt)rk ~hall be \l~ct.l with the aut!lnrizatil)JI of 
the author unlcss otherwise proviJeo for by this Law. 
Contracts for Usc 
Article 36. (I) Undcr tile contract for use of the work the 
author grants to an user the exclusive or non exclusive right to use 
the work crcaleo by him under particular conditions and against 
remuneration. 
(2) In case an exclusive right to usc the work has been grantcu 
10 the user, Ihe author may not himself use the work in the manner, 
Cor the term and on the territory, negotiated in the contract, and 
may not grant this right to third persons. 
(3) I n case a non exclusive right to use the work has been 
granted tll tile ll\Cr, the author Illay usc thc w(lrk hilmdt', or gralll a 
nnn cxciu">ivc right on the same work to third persons. 
(4) The grant of the exclusive right under paragrnpt1 2 shall be 
Jone explicitly and in a written form. Provided there is no such 
stipulation, a non exclusive right to usc the work shall be deemed to 
be granted. 
(5) In case the parties have stipulated no term in the contract 
the right to usc the work shall be deemed to be given for three 
years, and for works of architecture -for five years. 
(6) I n case the parties have not stipulated the territory on 
which the user shall be entitled to use the work this territory shall 
he deemed to be the territory of the country whose dtizsn is the 
lI~cr, or where hi~ ~cnt iii, in (he Cl\~C' wilen (he m~r I~ n jurhlklll 
pC/,\lln. IP/NI 1 IBGRICI 1 
Page 18 
Effect and Tl'rm of the Contru('t 
Article 37. (I) The contract under which the author grant~ the 
right to use all works that he would crcatc during hi\ liretime ~hall 
be considered null and void. 
(2) The term or a contract t(l usc a w~lrk shall 1101 excecd tell 
years. When such a contract has been signcu fur a longer term, it 
shall be considered valid for a term of tcn years. This lilllitalilln sball 
not apply to contracts for works of architecture. 
Rate of Remuneration 
Article 38. (I) The remuncration of the author may be 
determined as a share of the revenue received from the usc of the 
work, in the form of a lump sum, or in any other way. 
(2) In case the remuneration is detcrmined in the form of a 
Jump sum, and it proves to be evidently disproportional to the 
revenue from the use of the work, the author may demand increase 
of the remuneration. I n case the parties do not agree thc dispute is 
referred to the courl. 
Break of the Contract Ir Its Execution Hus not Begun 
Article 39. (1) In case the parties to a contract under which 
exclusive rights are granted, have not provided the term within 
which the user shall begin mc of thc work. the author i~ cntitled to 
break thc contract, provided that Uc,c hac, not begun within two 
yca,rs from signing it, or from the date of dcli\·cry or till' work. In 
case the work was delivered after signing the con[r~c{ 
(2) Paragraph I shall not apply to works or :m:hitcclurc 
Organizations for ColIcctiH' Administration 
Article 40. (1) The authors may establish organi7.J.tions for 
collective administration of copyright\ and entrllst them with thc 
right to negotiate the tJ~ of their worb ill ont' or l1lore manner<;. 
and to collect the rCl11uncratilllls. 
(2) The publisher, to whom tile author has grail teo the right til 
publish along with other rights, may cI\tnJ\t tile uLlll1ini\trlltit 11l of IP/N/lfBGRfC/l 
Page 19 
thc\c right~ to an nrganil.alion undcr the preceLiing paragraph. 
(3) Organizations fl)r collective aumini~tratilm or coryright OJ;!)' 
be.: only associations of authors and nthcr Iwillers \.11' such ri~hls. 
Thc\c urgani/atiolls -;l1all /lut gain prllrlt, ;lIld \hall di\tnhllle all Slllll\ 
I ccci\'l.:d from the \j\t'l\ hdwccn its Illl"lIIhc.:r" aHcr ded\lctil\~ tile 
;UlIllunt Ilccc .. \ary fur thcir activities. hlundati\ln ami I't 'lctilll1ing lll' 
the~e organi/alil1lls shall he.: :lI.:cl,rdillg tn the prlwi .. ions envisagcd for 
l1oll-prnfi t orga niza t i()n~. 
(4) Any organi7.ation under paragraph 1 "hall witilin a tcrm of 
tw~) munths submit to the t\'lilli~try rcc.,pnnsi\11c fix the culture a copy 
of the decisilll\ of thc wml for its rcgistration, and fur any eventual 
further changes in it. The Mil\istry respl)nsibk for the culture ~hall 
k cel' a rcgister fUf thcse org;.mil.alil~n. 
(5) The organi7.ation under paragraph I may nnt refus.c to 
accept as it'> mcmber a hl)ldcr of rights adrninistrateu by it. 
(6) The r\lles for the distrihutioll of the rClllum:ralinns c\llk(ll:d 
hy th(' nrgani/atil'n IInlil:r paragraph I :\Il\(lng tile right-11l1Idcrc., 'h:dl 
he fll'llflllc.,t:d hya Ihldy t:b.:tL"d tn g(l\'l" I II thL" \11g;tlli/;!tllln, and ')1:111 
he approved hy the General Assembly lIt" its Illl:mhcrs. 
(7) The organizations unucr paragraph I shall be entitled to rep­
re~ent thcir mcmbcrs before the court in defending the rights 
a"~igncJ (0 them fl1r administration. 
WorKs Creuted under an Emplo~'ment Contract 
r\ rtide 41. (I) Copyright \)1) a work crcated within the 
l'rall\L:wl)rks of an employment contract shall belong to the author. 
un!c<,s otherwise provided by this Law. 
(2) Unlc~s otherwise agreed in the employment contract (he 
employer shall have the exclusive right without the authorization or 
the author anu without payment a rCTllullcratillll tn \1<;1: the t:rcatcd 
wllrk it)f his purpose,;: 10 puhlish it, to rcprnducc it in aJlnlilcr 
manner alld to distribute it. The emplnycr may cxcr~i5c thkrright in 
a manner and to an extent \:orresponding to his usual activities. 
(3) In caso the labor remuneration of tile author durlns lhQ IP/NI 1 IBGRICI 1 
Page 20 
period when the work under paragraph I was created proves to be 
evidently disproportional to the revenue in the meaning of Article 38, 
paragraph 2, received from the use of the work, the author may 
demand an additional remuneration. In case the pnrtics do not tlf(rcc 
the dlspulc 5hall be referred to lhe court. 
Works Created upon Commission 
Article 42. (I) Copyright on a work created upon commission 
shall belong to the author of the work: unless otherwise agreed in 
the commission contract. 
(2) Unless otherwise agreed upon the commissioner shall have 
the right to use the work without the authorization of the author for 
the purposes for which it has been commissioned. 
Section Two 
PUBLISHING CONTRACT 
Definition 
Arllc1e 43. Under a publishing col\tract the uuthur granh tll 
the publisher the right to reproduce and distribute the work. and lhe 
publisher undertakes the obligation to carry out these activities and 
to pay a remuneration to the author. 
Kinds 
Article 44. Under a publishing contract the author may also 
gra;.nt the right to reproduce and distribute a work already created or 
a work which the author undertakes to create. 
Extension the Scope of Protection 
Article 45. (1) In case when under the publishing contract the 
author has granted the publisher the right to use the work in other 
manners except publi)hing, the publisher may authorize third parlic~ 
to use the work in these other manners if thi~ lIa~ been explicitly 
stipulated. 
(2) The publisher shall be obliged to inform the author in a 
written form about the grant unucr paragraph I. Form IP/NIlIBGRIC/l 
Page 21 
Article 46. The puhli~hing contract ~hall be made ill a written 
form. 
Facultativc Rules 
Arlidl' 47. tlnle,s lltherwi,l' pllIvidl'd lilr ill thl' plIhli,hillg 
contract, i! !'hall he deellled that: 
I. the publisher has been granted the right for one edition 
solely; 
2. the publisher has been granted the right to publish the work 
in a num.l">Cr of copies no! less than three thousand and not nll)re 
than ten thousand; 
3. the author shall receive a retnuneratil)n amounting to fi(ken 
l">Cr cent of the retail price of each copy of the work sold; 
4. the number of complemeritary copies for the author shall not 
he less than five copies for each edition; 
5. the publisher is authorized to publish the work ill the 
language in which it has l">Cen delivered to him; 
6. the ptlhli,her may di',trihlltL' the editil)11 (lilly llll tht' tnl itlll Y 
or the country whl\~e citi!<.:n he is, or where the "eat or the pllbli~hcr 
is, when it is a juridical person. 
l\laking Correl'lions 
Article 48. [lefore proceeding to a successive. edition the pub­
lisher shall be ohliged to give to the author the opportunity to make 
corrections and amendments to the work. 
Return of Originab Offt'rcd for P .;LJI.~ation 
Artide 49. The publisher shall be obliged to return the originals 
of work, or applied art, original documents, illustrations and other 
originals nfTereo to him for publication, unless otherwise agreed in a 
written fllrm. 
Dumagl't! COJlk~ 
Arlidc 50. If 11'pllxluccJ bu! Illlt put I'llI' ~de <.:t;0l:' of the 
work are damaged entirely or partially throll~h no fa II It of the pub· IP/N/I IBGRICI 1 
Page 22 
lisher the later may within a term or one year reprouUl.:e the 
damaged copies without payment a remuneration to the authnr. 
Termination 
Artide 51. The publil.:Lltion cont rnt.: I 'ihall be terminated, IInk,>'i 
otherwise agrceu upon, with the expiration or the term Ill' the 
contract, upon 5:1le of the number of copies of' the euiti\,)(\, or of the 
last edition, when more than one euition ha'i been ncgotiateu. 
Pre-term Termination 
Article 52. (1) The author may, l1nlcss lltherwisc agrct:u lIpt1l1, 
terminate unilaterally in a written form the publishing contract in 
case the contract has been signed for more than one euition and the 
number of copics of the last edition is sold out and the publisher 
docs not within a term of one year reproduce anJ distribute the ncxt 
edition, provided that the author has within this term invited the 
publisher. The number or copil",; ~hall be declllcJ to hc ~\Jkl \,lut • when the number of copies not snld doc<; flut t:xcct:d lin: per rent Ill' 
the total number or copies of the edition. 
(2) In the cases of paragraph I the rClIlllflclatillll recclved hy 
the author shall not be subject to repay. 
Publication at the Account of the Author 
Article 53. (I) The author may, at Ilis \,lwn aCcollllt. 
commission- to a publisher to reproduce a Ill! dhtribute a gl\ en 
number of copies of the work. 
(2) The author may negotiate with a publi\hcr to reproduce and 
distribute copics of the work, sharing the expcnditures for the t:llili~)11 
and the profit from the distribution of the edition. 
Contracts for Reproduction 
and Distribution of Sound Recordings 
Article 54. (1) The provisionc; of the prc'\cnl \CctllJll ~hall apply 
accordingly to the contracts for reproouction and distribution or 
sound recordings insofar as the author has not assigned some of 
these rights to an organi7.ation ror collective admini'\tratinn. IP/N/IIBGRJC/l 
Page 23 
(2) Unless the contract provides ()thcrwisc it :-11:.11 be dccllIcd that: 
1. the user shall he .obliged to make thc recording within one 
year following the date on which thc :llJtIJnr h:Jc; ddin:rrd tIll' \~~)rk 
sllitahle fnr recording. a III I tn repJ"\\dul"l' and di,,!, ihult' it withill IInc 
year rnllnwing the le~nrding; 
2. the uc;cr ha~ bcell grantcd Ihc 'igllt tll 'CPH)lhlCt' Ihl' wnrk ill 
a /lulllher nf copics /lot less than three thou~and; 
J. the uscr shall grant t() the author five c0lnplill1cnt:lry Cllpic~ 
of each kind of sound carriers produced. 
(3) The right grallted hy the :1l111.lllr 10 rcwrJ, reproduce and 
di~tributc his work ill the form of sound recording'> dl>D not include 
the right the feCOfded wl)rk to be publicly perrormed, bn\aJca~ted in 
a wireless way or transmittcd by ~able Of by olher ledmical means. 
The grant of these rights shall explicitly be negl\tiatcd by the partit'S. 
Sectiofl Three 
CONTH,\CT FOJ{ PlIBLlC pnESENTATJON Oil 1'1I1ll.lC 
PEl? rOI?I\IAJ\.TE 
Definition 
ArlicJe-55. Under a contract ror public presentation the author 
of a st.age work grants to Ihe user the right 10 present the work. and 
the u~er undertake, ll) present it anJ to pay a remuneration to the 
author. 
Facul!alhr Hulrs 
Artil'lr fi6. 1I111c,~ utherwi~c pW\'idcd by, the contract it shall be 
dcemcd that: 
I. the author may grant the right (or puhlic pre~cl1l1tit)n to 
other lI<;l'I~ ac; wcll, provided that they are ~itllatcd in a town or 
\'illa!!t' diDl:rent frpm thaI of the u<,er; 
2 lilt' duration I1r Ihl' contract ~hall he 111Il't' yea," . 
. \ (he 11~t:r ~1l:t11 be obliged til prc"clIl Iht' wUlk belil/c the 
pliblit' "'ithin a term or (Inc ycar 1l.1l1owing dcli\\'r~"A'I!Jt' wrk; 
·1 Ihr (l'flllllll'filli(lil (lr 11l~' 1I11111n!' ~l!iI" ;w It'll r-n n'n! Ilr tllC IP/NIlIBGRlCIl 
Page 24 
gross revenue received from each prescnL.1tion of thc work; 
5. the user shall be: obliged to render twice a year an account to 
the author for the number of public performances and for the 
reVCI1UC received thereof; 
6. the author may break the contract in case the uscr 
discontinues the public performance of the work ror a period longer 
than one year. 
Contracts ror Use in a Wireless Way or b)' Cable or Other 
Technical !\leans 
Article 57. The provisions of Arti~Jc 56, subparagraphs I, 2 and 
3 'hall apply to contracts for broaJcasting in a wireless way or for 
transmitting by cable or other technical means or a stage work, as 
well as of a non disclosed musical or literary work. Unless otherwise 
provided in the contract, the author shall be deemed to have granted 
to the user the right for a single broadcast or transmission of the 
work. 
Contracts for Public Performance 
Article 58. The authorization for public performance in life or 
recorded, for broadcasting in a wireless way, or transmitting by cable 
or other technical means of musical or literary works, whit:h 110. \'e 
already been disclosed, shall be given in a written form hy the 
author or by an authorized by him organi7ation for collective 
administration of copyright which 'ihall Ilcglliialc, (tllket alld pay tltc 
remunerations. 
i 
Sec/ion Four 
CONTRACT FOR PUBLICATION IN A PEHIODICAL 
Right to Use a Commissioned Work 
Article 59. (1) The author of a commissioned work shall not 
without the permission of the publisher otTer the sam\! work or parts 
of it for publication in other periodicals or as a separate edition, or 
for broadcasting it in a wireless way prior to its publication by the 
publisher. IP/N/1IBGRIC/l 
Page 25 
(2) . Unless otherwise agreed UpOIl, the liry,it,,~ions under the 
preceding paragraph shall. not apply after expi;'ation or ~ineel1 days -
for newspapers, and three months -for magazines, running from the 
date of delivery of the manuscript. and provided that the publisher 
has not published it nor informed the author within these terms that 
he will puhlish it. pointing out the issue where in which it shall be 
published. 
High! for Secondary lise 
Arlicle 60. The author shall be emitled to use his already pub­
lishetl in a perirxlical work afkr the date of publication. lllllcs~ 
otllcrwi!.c ~tipulatcd ill a written I'llr Ill. 
Relurning l\latrrials Offered for Publication 
Article 61. The publishers of perilldicals shall be obligetl to 
return originals of works of fllle arts. original documents and 
illustrations. nfTered fl1r publication. 1I1lless otherwise ~tiputated in a 
writtell form 
SC'ction FiI'C' 
PHODUCTION AND lJSE OF FILl\lS AND OTIIEH 
AllDlOVIStlAL WOHI\S 
Ilold('r~ of Rights 
1\ rl it'll' 62. (I) Cnp~Tight Oil a film tlr III her a lIdill\'i"'lIal \\'01 k 
... I\all bc\llllg tll the dllCLllll, the ~rnpt-\\ I itel, :Illd thL' tllrel..!lll lit' 
plllltngraphy. 
(2) The authnr~ (1r the l1lu-;ic. of thL' dialogue. nf the pre-exi~ting 
literary work, from whieh the audil1\ i<,u:l1 wt1rk ha) been createu, of 
the stage )ccnery. of the costumes. as well as of other works. 
incluued in the audiO\'i~tlal work ~hall enjoy ct1pyright on the works 
created by them. 
(.1) ProJucer within the lIJeaning uf' thi~ section ~hall be the 
natural or jllridi~al l'K:r\l'n, willi llrgarli7.c~ the produc~wl\ or the 
work alld seClIfc) tile f'lIl:.lndng. IP/N/IIBGRIC/l 
Page 26 
Contracts (or Production and Use 
Article 63. (1) The authors under Article 62 shall sign contracts 
with the producer in a written form, under which, unless otherwise 
ncaoti4lted or provided by this Law, they granl to him for the territory 
of the country and for abroad the exclusive right to make copies of the 
work, to project it before the public, to broadcast it in a wireless way 
or to transmit it by cable or other technical means, to reproduce it on 
video carriers and to distribute them, as well as the right to permit the 
translation, the dubbing, and the subti~ing of the texL 
(2) The producer shall be obliged to pay remuneration to the 
authors under the preceding Article for the rights granted. In this 
case the provisions of Article 41, paragraph 2, and Article 42, para­
graph 2 shall not apply. 
(3) In case anyone of the authors under Article 62 refuses to 
complete his part in the creation of a film or other audiovisual work 
or cannot complete it for reasons beyond him, he may not prevent 
the usc of the work already created by him for the purposes of 
completing the work. He 5hall enjoy copyright on the work already 
created by him with all legal consequences thereof. 
(4) The audiovisual work shall be considered completed when 
the director and the producer agree to its final version. 
(5) Any changes in the final version by adding, removing or 
changing some of its elements shall be subject to the authorization of 
the persons under paragraph 4. 
! (6) The authors under Article 62 shall have the option to buy 
first the initial materials of the work in case the producer is declared 
in bankruptcy. The liquidator shall be obliged to inform them to 
that effect in a written form. 
(7) In case the producer decides to destroy the initial materials 
of the final version of the work, he shall prior to that ofTer them free 
of charge to the authors under Article 62, paragraph I . 
. Secondary U~ 
Article 64. The producer may grant to a third party upon 
taking over the obligation! under Article 6S the right to broadcnst IP/NI 1 IBGRJCI 1 
Page 27 
the work ill a wireless way or to transmit it by cable or oth<;r 
technical means, to reproOuce it on video carriers. which \.) 
distribute or project before the public, in which case he shall ,Pc 
obliged to notify within .n term of olle nl0nth the all I hllP, ·under 
Article 62, paragraph I, unless otherwi\c providcd hy thi!> Law. 
Remunerations 
Article 65. (I) The director, the script-writer, the director of 
photography. and the composer shall. be enti:iel, to a separate 
remunerati~n for any kind of use of the fil:',1 or til ~ audiovisual 
work, and the other authors pointed out in Article 62 -in case such 
a rcmuneration has becn agreed upt"ln. 
(2) The remunerations for the different kinds of use of the work 
shall be paid by the respective u'sers and the authors upon their 
desire may receive them through the producer or through an 
urganization for collective administration of copyrights. In the bller 
case prcxlucer shall be obliged to negotiate it in the wntracts which 
he sigm fnr usc of the WOI k. 
(3) In case a wurk which ha!> alreaJy been annllunced i, 
projected before the public against an admission fcc, the 
remuneration shall be proportional to the revenue of the producer. 
(4) Along with the remuneration under paragraph 3 the authors 
under raragraph 1 sh311 be entitled to a percenLlge of the re\,enue of 
the producer. 
Reporting the Account to the Authors 
Article 66. The producer shall be obliged on request of the 
persons under Article 62 as least once a year to render an account to 
thcm for thc revcnues from each kind of usc of the work. 
Usc or Parts or a Film 
Arlkle h7. I'IIC prnducer ,hall he clltitled to ll\C pall\ III' thL' 
work or separatc scquences to the extent justified for thc purroscs of 
advertising the film wilhout the consent of the authors anlf without 
\lllyment of a remuneration. lie may usc suell pam or ~qllCIH':~ fnr IP/N/IIBGRJC/I 
Page 28 
other purposes only with the consent of the authors undcr Article 62. 
paragraph I, and against payment a remuneration. Othcr persons 
may usc parts or sequences thereof only with the consent of the 
authors under Article 62, paragraph I and against payment a 
remuneration. 
Section Six 
USE OF WORKS OF FINE I\RTS, 
ARCHITECTURE AND PIIOTOGRAPHY 
Prrsumptlon ror Crilnt1ng Ih~' IU~hl 
to Ex hiblt beCore the Public 
Article 68. With the transfer of the ownership on a work of 
fine arts and works created in a photographic or analogous to it 
process, and on architectural projects. the right to exhibit the work 
before the public shall also be granted. unless otherwise stipulated in 
a written form. 
Subsequent Use of an Architectural Project 
Article 69. Each subsequent use of an architectural project for 
a building or another object already constructed shall be subject to 
the authorization of the author made in a written form. 
Section Seven 
USE OF COMPUTER I'H(}(;H/d\IS 
Facultatirc Rules 
Article 70. Unless otherwise agreed upon, it shall be deemed 
that the person who has legally acquired the right to usc a computer 
program, may load the program. display it on a screen, run it. 
transmit it. store it in the memory of a computer, translate it, adapt 
it and make other alterations in it. provided that this is necessary for 
achieving the purpose for which the right to usc the progr<lm has 
been acquired, including (0 eliminate errors. 
ImprrlltlY~ Rulu 
"rUde 7 t. The fXrson who hilS Icgnlly acquired the right to ut.c IP/N/lIBGRJC/l 
Page 29 
a computer prof-ram shall bc entitled with,)lIt the "utht)l i/;lIi\ln l)f 
the author and without p;'\ymcnt an addili\lnal rcmullcration: 
I. to make a back-up copy of the prllf-ram. pw\'idcd that thi\, i~ 
nccessary for the re<;peeti\'c kind t'f use fnr which the program ha~ 
been acquired; 
2, In observe, ~tlldy and tCSI thc manllcr (If functioning or the 
prl)gram to detcrminc the idcac-, and principles on which any of its 
clemcnts is ba<;eJ, if this i5 dOllC in thc pr()cc!l<; of luading thc pn)­
gram, its displaying on a screen, running it, tranl,lllitting it or storing 
it ill till' WIllPlltCf memory. pnwidnl ih:lt thi, I'l'l"',llll ;\ t'llillbi III 
perform .these actioll5 in aCCllrdance with Article 70, 
3, to tran<;late the code of the program from one form into 
anothcr provided that this is unconditionally ncces~ary for obt<lining 
information to achieve compatibility of the created computer prn­
gram with other programs, and pnwideJ that the information 
necessary fLlr this purposc has not been rcadily a\'ailablc and 
tlanc;latioll is made only with respect to these parts of the computer 
pnlgram, which are necessary to :Ichic\"(~ the compatibility, The 
information obtained may not be u~ed Cor the creation and the 
Ji~trihuti(m of a computer program which is substantially similar, or 
t~lr any 0lhcr aui,lll, which ll1:1y ini"ringc Ctlp~ rit:ht<, nn the pn)· 
!!ram 
P tl r I T II' (I . 
Chapter Eight 
CEt':EHAL I'HO\'IS(O~S 
Ilo\lkr,> :lI1d Sllhjl't'(~ of ;\'l'ighhoring Highls 
Art idl' 7:'. IZ I~hl' Ilcibllbtlriil~ III <':(lpyrighl ,11all Ix'iong III the 
per(tlrlllCr\ L'1l their pcrf\ll"mam:c), Il) Ihe pn)dllccr:.~)r ~(l\lnd 
r\.\:llldlll~) llll their rc~:nrdjn~\ 1t1 Ille radill lind Icln'i,jll1) 
l1rgalll/ill({111~ Illl tilelr plllgrafll\, IPINIIIBGRlCIl 
Page 30 
Exercise of Neighboring Highls l!trough 
Organi7.atlons for Collective Administrulion 
Arllelt: 73. The economic rights of the pcrfnrmcrs, of thc 
producers or sound recordings, and of the radio and tclevisilln 
organizations may be exercised by authorizcd by them organizations 
for collective administration of rights in accordance wilh the 
provisions of Article 40. 
Chapter Nine 
RIGHTS OF PERFORI\'1ERS 
Holders of Right 
Article 74. Performer is the person who presents, sings, plays. 
dances, recites, interprets, conducts, comments or performs in any 
other way a work, or a circus or a variety-show, or a puppet show. 
J\1oral Righis 
Article 75. (I) The performer shall be entitled to the following 
moral rights: 
1. the right to demand that his name, pseudonym or artistic 
name be indicated or announced in the usual way in connection 
with each life performance and each use of the recorded 
performance; 
2. the right to demand preserving the integrity and 
unchangeability of the recording of his performance in cases of 
reproduction or usc in any other manner. 
(2) The right under subparagraph I of the preceding paragraph 
shall be inalienable. Alienation of the right under subparagraph 2 
may be done only explicitly and in a written form. 
Economic Rights 
Article 76. (1) The performer shall have the exclusive right tu 
authorize against payment of remuneration: 
1. the broadcasting of hi~ performance in Ii wireless W~lYl it~ 
transmitting by cable or other technical meuns! ru well as tho sound IP/NIIIBGRICI 1 
Page 31 
recording ()I' video recording or the pt:IIi.ll"Ill:lnCC, reprodliclillil or llit: 
recordings on sound carr.iers or video can ins alid lllt:\! di~11 iblllion, 
2. the puhlic perrormance, the brnatlra<;tillg ill a will'lc~\ way 
alld the tl"llll\1l1i,,~illn hy l:ahlc \11 lllhcl Iccllllll';d Illl';III', d' Ihl'\c 
recordings. 
(2) The rights unuer the preceding paragraph lila), be 
transrerred by the perrormer with a contract in a written rOrnl. The 
remuneration may be agreed on as a share (lr the reveflue. as a 
(limp sum. or in any other way. 
(3) .Unless otherwise agreed in the cOlllract between the 
performer and the producer of sou'lld recordiliG~' Ille perforlller shall 
have the right to authorize third parties to recort! anu to distribute 
his perrormances. Any stipulation which restricts the right or the 
perrormer to grant such authorhations shall have an errect rl1r a 
rcriod not exceeding five years. 
(4) Unless otherwise agreed in the contracl belweell Ihe 
performer and the prtxlucer or sound rcell/dings. it shall be deemed 
that the producer is granted the exclusive right ror the territory or 
the country and ror abroad to reproduce on sound carriers the 
recordetl perrormances, to distribute them and to permit their 
broadcasting in a wireless way, transmitting them by cable or by 
other technical means or performing thclll before the public with 
sountl-~crccning apparatus or in any otller way. 
Second ar) Use 
Article 77, The amount or the rcmuneration of the performers 
and or the pwdtlcers of sound recordings ror the broadcasting in a 
wireless way. transmitting by cable or by other technical mean<; or 
ror the performing before the public with sound screening apparatus 
or ill an\, tither w:ly uf their pcrfill'Ill;llll'l'~ (lr ~llllnd rl'~'()nlillf:\ which 
have ;dll"ady htTl1 di\lriliutl'd. shall he dclclIllillt'd ill aCC(lIl\;\IlU: 
witli ~ ') ur the Additional Provisions. and half uf the sum shall he 
paid 1(1 the pcrrllrlller\ and tile (111lt;r half -'il~ tlJ~ P1T1\jll~"rs (1f 
~Illilitl I ceol dll1g~, IP/NI 1 IBGRlC/l 
Page 32 
Participation in· Film Production 
Article 78. (1) Unless otherwise agrccd in the contract, it .;hall 
be deemed that the performer who takes part in thc making of a 
film or another audiovisual work has granted to the proJucer alSl) 
the right to publicly project the recorded perl~)rmancc. to broadcast 
it in a wireless way, to transmit it by cable or by other technical 
means, as well as to rcproduce it on viLkn carriers and their 
distribution. 
(2) A role played by a rcrforrner in a film or other :.ludim·i<ill:ll 
work shall be dubbed in the original language hy another PCI\UIl 
solely upon the authorization of the performer. 
Permission b)' Collecthe Performers 
Article 79. The participants in collecti\'c performanccs, 35 choir, 
orchestra, ensemble, or other artistic grouP. shall authorize in a 
written form a person to grant the: perrnissi~l!15 uIH.Jcr the pre~L"nt 
Chapter for the use of their works. The sok)i~t and the conJuctllf'. 
and the director of a stagc work give their authorization separately. 
Indicating the Names in Cases of Colleclhe Performances 
Article 80. In cases of collective performances the namc of the 
ensemble or the group as a whole and thc names of the 50Ioi<;ts. 
conductor and the producer of the <;L1gc wnrk \hall he indicated or 
announced in the mual way. lInlc<;s othCf'wi\c \tiplilatcd wilh lhc\c 
persons, 
Performance under an EmpJo) mcnt Conrract 
Article 81. Authorization for usc under Article 76. paragraph 
of a performance. made within the framewnrk of an empk)ymcnt 
contract shall be granted by the emplllyer. unless olhcrwj<;e 
stipulated with the performer. 
Duration 
Article 82. The rights of the performers shall last for fifty years. 
The term begins to run from the first of January or tile year 
following the year or puhlicnlion or the recording of the pcrfonnnncc, IP/NIllBGRfCI 1 
Page 33 
or when the recording ha~ no! been publi\hcd Dr the pt:lli1r/ll;\lll'C 
ha~ nl)! been rcwrdcd -from the bt:ginning ll;' the ~ea,. f\lllllwinl! the 
year whcn the fir ... ! perlllrmancc i5 made. 
Protl'l'tion of the t'am('s of P('rformers' (.rollp~ -
Arlidr 8.1, (I) The name of a pcrfllrmers' gfllup shall be 
regi<,tered by a hl1dy and in a way lkterlllillL,! by the COllncil l,f 
Mini<;ters. 
(2) The namc rq.:i<;(ered under paraj:.raph 1 <;hall no! be u"ed b~ 
annt her group 
(.\) II' lhe ... ame \II' ... illlilar nallle \\"a ... lI\t'd prillI' Il\ lhe rq:i,lIatillll 
b~ annthcr group it could demand callcdlatitln lll' the regi~tralilln. 
(4) Dic,pute5 fllr similarity. or concerning thc fact which of the 
groups qancd fir<,t to usc the namc shall be rererred to the court. 
(S) The right 10 a name under paragraph 1 shall be prolectt:d 
fnr a term or len years aftcr the pt:rforl11ers' group CCJ~e~ ih 
acli,·itie .... Tile terlll hegin" to run fmll) tht: fint of Januar~ of tile 
~ear flllll)\\'ing the ~car of the termination. 
Aprl.' ing b~ Analog,\ 
r\ rt k Ie R~. Tile pnn'i<;iom under t\rticle I S. paragraph 4, 
AI ticb 21, 22. 2~. <,uhparagrJphs 4, b. 7 allli S, Articlc~ 24 to :b. 
!\rticil:<; .12 III J-t ;lIld Anicl~ :'7 shall ;IPJ11~ 1"C\j1ecti\t:I~ to tilt: rit!IIlS 
Ill' tlte 1'l:II;'llllll'1 ". 
(. h u P I l' r T t' n 
l{1(;IITS UI' Till: I'l{O()l CEl{S OF SOl::--'1> HECOIU)l'-.CS 
Ilollkr~ of thl' Hight 
;\nklr R:), Prl,dllccr or a ~,)und rl'(\lrdin~ ~ltall he thL' Ilatural 
nr juridical pt.'r'llll \\ 110 l1r~anile\ the P'lldllClil)1l of tlte lir)t 
rcc(\rditl),! and "'C~'\lIL" il~ lill:tlll:ing. 
Economic I<i~hl" 
;\rtil'ir H(), (I) The prl)duccr ~ltall 1I;l\c tile nc!u\iw ribhl III 
illllll\lri/L' :If-ain\t I\I~ 11IL'1l1: 
I ll1~' rCl'nld\f~'lilll1 ill1(\ tll~ \Ii~\rih\l\i\lll III' l'I~' n·I.'\lrdin~: IP/NI 1 IBGRlC/l 
Page 34 
2. the import and the export of copies of the recording, 
irrespective of the fact whether they have been produced legally or in 
violation of the rights under subparagraph 1; 
3. the public performance, broadcasting in a wireless way or its 
transmitting by cable or by other technical means. 
(2) The producer may grant under a contract some of his rights 
under paragraph 1 to other persons, including authors and 
performers of the recorded works. 
Moral Rights 
Article 87. (1) The producer shall have the right to require that 
in cases of reproduction and distribution of the recordings produced 
by him his name be indicated in the usual manner on the sound 
carriers., including on their sleeves and containers. 
(2) Unless otherwise proved the producer shall be deemed to be 
the person whose name, denomination or other identifying sign arc 
indicated on the recording fn the usual for it maImer. 
Secondary Use 
Article 88. The remuneration for the producers of sound 
recordings for broadcasting in a wireless way, transmitting by cable 
or other technical means or for public presentation with apparatus 
for synchronization or in other way of their sound recordings, which 
have already been distributed, shall be determined in accordance 
with the provisions of Article 77. 
Duration 
Article 89. The rights of the producers under the present 
Chapter shall last for fifty years. The term begins to run from the 
first of January of the year following the year of the publication of 
the recording, and if the recordillg has not been published -from the: 
beginning of the year following the year of its production. 
Application by Analogy 
Article 90. The provisions under Article 18, paragraph 4, 
Articles 21, 22, 23, subparagraphs 4 and 7, Articles 25 and 26 shall apply respectively to the producers of sound recordings. 
Chapll'r E1('\('n IP/N/IIBGRlC/l 
Page 35 
HIGHTS OF HADIO AND TELEVISION ORGANIZATIONS 
Contl'nts of the Right 
Article 91. () Radio and' television programs may be 
rel:iroadcastcd in a wireless way or retransmitted by cable or other 
technical means, recorded, reproduced and distributed by other 
persons solcly with thc authorization of the r .. dier and television 
organizatio.n, which has first broadcasted or transm:~ted tile pro­
gram, whereby its name shall be indicated. 
(2) The provisions of the preceding pa'ragraph shall apply also in 
cases where a program sent from a radio or television organization by 
a signal to a telecommunication satellite, is rebroadcasted or 
retransmitted, recorded, reproduced and distributed by another person. 
Duration 
Article 92. The rights of radio and television organi7 .. ation5 
under the present Chapter shall last for fifty years. The term begins 
to run from the first of January of the year following the year of the' 
first broadcast or transmission of the program. 
Application by Analogy 
Article 93. The provisions of Article 23, subparagraphs 4 and 7 
and Article 25 shall apply respectively to radio and television 
organizations. 
Part Three 
PROTECTION OF COPYRIGHT AND NEIGIWORING 
RIGHTS 
Chapt('rT\\('I\(' 
elYI L I{ EI\ 1 EOI ES 
Claim for Damages 
Article 94, The infringer of a copyright or a ncighooring right 
~ha\1 indemnify the holder of the right or the person to whom an IP/N/IIBGRICIl 
Page 36 
cxc\usi\'c right has been granted for damage.:, L:llJ'ed to that perc;un, 
Other Claims 
Article 95. In case a work. a performance. a sound recording, a 
video recording. a radio-and tde"ision pfllgrarn arc lI\ed ill \ iolation 
of the provisions of this Law. the holder of the right or the person to 
whom the cxclusive right to lISC the work hao; been granled may 
claim in court: 
t. ce"":ltion of the illegal lIc;e; 
2. ~ci/urc ant! dC\trllctinll Dr the ill\'/'.:III:-rcpJ'llllllCed (I)pic" Ill' 
the work, as well as of all the negati\,c\ matrix, cliches, and others 
of the kind intended to reproduce the copic\; 
3. seizure from use of all rccorJing and repnlducing equipment~. 
used exclusively for violations; 
4. to be handed over the ohjecls llfHkr \lJhparagraph ~ at a Cll~t 
price whereas this sum shall be dcdlll:tcd fnlfll the illdel1lllit~ fur the 
damagcc; cauc;eu. 
('ourl .Juri-.tlil.'lion 
Article 96. The Jisputes under thi5 I.aw ,hall bc rdcl red tll tile 
district courts. 
Chapter Thirteen 
A I) 1\ tiN IS'I' H,\'I'I \' ~:-I» EN,\ I. I' I{ () \'I,~ I ()NS 
Penalties 
. A rI ide 97. (1) Any person who in viulat i\)11 lll' lile pnl\ i,iulJ) of 
this Law: 
I, reproduces or distributes with a n)llllllCrcial purp\)~c \ idcll 
carriers embodying recorded t'llms or oth~r audiu\i\ual \\,\)rk>: 
2. reproduces or distributes with a cOllllllcrcial purp\l'>c ~lllllld 
carriers embodying recorded works; 
3. organizes, in whatever manner, puhlic projcction of I'dllls or 
other audiovisual works; 
4. oITers with a commercial purpose to other persons sound 
recording or video recording services for producing of 'lingle curie) or works o'r other subjects protected by this Law; IP/N/1/BGRlC/1 
Page 37 
5. organizes public performance and presentation of works in 
life as well as by mechanical means; 
6. broadcasts in a wireless way or transmits by cablc or oiller 
technical means works or radio-or television program; 
7. publishes or distributes with a commercial purpose published 
works; 
8. distributes or possesses a comruter program being aware or 
having a ground to presume that this is illegal, 
shllll .be punished by urine runging betwcell twenty lhllllsllnd 
and two hundred thousand leva, unless he is liable to a more severe 
punishment. 
(2) In cases of a second or any subsequent violation under para­
graph 1 within one year term from the date of the first punishment 
the fine shall range between one hundred thousand to five hundred 
thousand leva. 
(3) In cases of systematic violations the place where the 
violations take place, like shop, studio, places of entertainment, 
cinema hall, theater, the seat of a merchant and others of the kind. 
shall be closed for a term from three to six months. 
(4) The organization for collective administration of rights under 
this L1W, which acls in violation of Article 40, pnrngrnph 4, shaH be 
imposed a fine ranging between twenty thousand to two hundred 
thousand leva. 
Drawing up Statements and Issue of Per;al l:..lac(ments 
Article 98. (l) The acts ascertaining the violations under Article 
97 shall be drawn up by bodies authorized for that by the Minister 
responsible for the culture. 
(2) The penal enactments shall be issued by the Minister 
responsible for the culture or by official persons designated by him. 
(3) Ascertaining the violations, issuing, appealing and executing 
of the penal enactments shall be done accordir)g to the-Law on 
Administmtivc Violations nnd Punishmcnl~. IP/N/lIBGRlC/l 
Page 38 
(4) The sums collected from the fines according to Article 97 
shall be spent only for the devciopment of the culture and for the 
protection of copyright5. The conditions ami the way fur their 
distnbution shall be determined by the Council of Ministers. 
Part Four 
APPLICABLE LA W 
Applicable Law to Works 
Article 99. (1) This Law shall apply to: 
1. works, whose authors are citizens of the Republic of Bulgaria 
or persons with a permanent residence in it, regardless of where the 
works have been published for the first time; 
2. works, whose authors arc citizens of a country with which the 
Republjc of Bulgaria is bound by an international treaty in the field 
of copyrights, or persons. with n permanent resilience in such a 
country, regardless of where the works have been published for the 
first time; 
3. works which have been published for the first time or realized 
as architectural projects on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, 
or on the territory of a country, with which the Republic of Bulgaria 
has signed an international contract in the field of copyright, 
regardless of the citizenship of their authors; 
4. works published for the first time on the territory of a 
coufltry with which the Republic of Bulgaria is not bound by an 
international treaty in the field of copyright, but simultaneously with 
the publication 'or within thirty days from it they have been publish­
ed on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria or on the territory of 
another country with wbkh the Republic uf Bulgaria bas such 11 
treaty. 
(2) In case this Law is applied to works created by citizens of 
foreign countries or to works which have been published for the first 
time abroad, the holder! of copyriihl shull be determined in nccortl­
ance with the respective foreign law. Applica.blc Law to Performances IP/N/1IBGRIC/l 
Page 39 
,=.rtlclc 100. (I) This Law shal! IIpply 10 the pelrllllllall\.:c~ (If 
performers who are citizens of the Republic of 13ulgaria or have their 
permanent residence in it, regardless of where the performances have 
taken place . 
. (2) This Law shall also apply to the performances of foreign 
performers, which have taken place on the territory of the Republic 
of Bulgaria . 
. Applicable Law to Recordings nnd Programs 
Article 101. This Law shall apply to the sound recordings and 
to the radio-nnd television programs, realized by natural persons 
citizens of the Republic of Bulgaria or domiciled in it. or by juridical 
persons, having permanent residence on the territory of the country, 
regardless of where Liley have been realized. as well as to the sound 
recordings realized or simultaneollsly published for the first time by 
foreign persons on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. 
Application of International Treaties 
Article 102. The rights of foreign performers, producers of 
sound recordings and radio-and television organizations beyond 
these pointed out in Article 100, paragraph 2 and Article 101 shall 
be protected in accordance with the international treaties in the field 
of neighboring rights, to which the Republic of Bulgaria is a party. 
ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS 
§ . I. (I) The holder of the copyright, and the person to whom 
an exclusive right to usc a work protected under this Law has Occn 
granted, Illay put on an appropriate place or the copies of the work 
before their name or denomination the Latin letter lie' in a circle, 
and the ycar of the disclosure. 
(2) Tilc producer of a sound rcc;ording, ane ,; ... ! pcrso[J...-who has 
Ilcquil cd the cxdusivc rlgla to reproduce n ~o~!!ld rc!;ording 
rrotcctcd under this ! .. 1W may put Oil nn ~rpropriatc plnce or the IP/N/IIBGRlC/l 
Page 40 
copies and on their package before their name or dcnnrnin;1tion the 
Latin \clter II pI! in a circle and the year of !irst pu blication. 
§ 2. For the purposes of this Law: 
1. Itdisclosure of a worklt shall be making the work with the 
permission of its author for the /irst time accessible to an unlimited 
number of persons, regardless of the form and the manner in which 
this has been done; 
2. Itpublication of a workH shall be making a work acccs\ihk to 
un ulllimilcJ Ilumber of persons· hy reproducing allJ di~trihlltillg 
copies of it including in the form of sound recordings and video 
recordings in a reasonable quantity depending on the nature of the 
work; 
3. "reproduction of a work" shall be the fixation of the work or 
a part of it on a material support, regardless in what form, in more 
than one copies; 
4. Itdistribution of a work" shall be sale, exchange, donation, • rental or lease , import and export, as well as alTer for sate or rental 
of the original and copies of the work. Rental or lease of an 
architectural work, work of applied art and folklore artistic crafts 
shall not mean distribution in the sense of this Law; 
5. "broadcast of a work in a wireless way" shall he broaLiGI'iting 
it on the radio or on the television, as well as transmilling it by 
signal to a telecommunication satellite; 
6. "users of a work" shall be the natural or juridical persons like 
publishing houses, theaters, concert organizers, radio-and television 
organizations, restaurants and places of entertainment, prcx.lucers of 
sound recordings, producers of video recordings, ctc. who make the 
work accscs.sible to the readers, spectators and listeners directly or 
through other persons -distributors; 
7. "(the act of) sound recording" shnll be the fixation of a 
sequence of sounds on an enduring material carner in a way 
permitting their p<:rception', reproduction, recording, broadcasting in 
a wireless way or transmitting by cable or other technical means; 
8. l1~tlnd recording" shnll belhe result of (he flXIl(ioll of sound~; IP/N/1IBGRlCIl 
Page 41 
9. '''works of architecture" !.hall he the [)Llildillg~ and other 
facilities and clements tI.ll:reof: durahle (lhjC'ct~ resulting fmlll the 
synthesis of architecture with other arts, a'> well as layouts of .i~te­
rior places with a durable character which comply with the .general 
requirements of Article 3, paragraph I. 
§ 3. The definitions of points 1, 2, 3, <I and 5 of the pn:ccding 
paragraph shall refer respectivcly to the performances, sound 
recordings and radio-and television programs. 
§ 4. (1) E;:Ich Cl)PY of a work of lint' am beariJl!: the ~ignatlJrC' 
of' the author put by the uulh(l( himself !>hall be t:omiJcreu all 
original work. The number of the origir!als is determined by the 
author and shall be stated in a suitable manner upon the first 
disclosure of the work, and is not subject to further changes. Each 
copy shall have a serial number. . 
(2) The provisions under the preceding paragraph shall ntH 
apply to works of applied art, designs and rolklore artistic cran.5. 
§ S. (1) The alllount of the rCllluncratiun due to the h(Jlder~ of 
copyright and neighboring rights for usc of their works, 
performances, sound recordings and radio-and television programs' 
shall be detcrmined under a contract bctween the right h(llJCfS ailli 
the llsers. 
(2) Wilen 11ll' U<'(' i, IllT.nliatt'd tl1rlllll'.11 an nrg:1I1i/:ltioll fm 
collective admini\lr:ltilll1 llf righl~. the amount uf Ihe rClllunerali()Jl 
~hall be negotiated between it antl the u)cr~ or their U55l1cialion5. 
TRAI'.'SITIO:--';AL AND FIl"\:\L PHO\'ISIONS 
§ 6. (I) This Law shall apply to works, performances. sound 
recl..lrding~. video recordings, radlO-alld tclcdsion programs, crealed 
or reali7cd beforc its cntry into force, providcd thc terms of 
pwtl..'ctinn ha\'c not expircu. 
(2) The cop~ rights acquircd prior to cntr~ into fixce of thi, Law 
\ilall III't be prejudiced 
9 7. Till' aulhul" (lr :1 lilcrar! It'\t which had been lI~ccrwitl1(l11t 
thnr pallti."i(l!1 ul1der 1\1 til'll' 7, point "h" (If the Cllp~Tight l.aw of' IP/N/IIBGRfC/l 
Page 42 
1951 for the accompanying of a musical work may not object to 
r~.Jrther use or the musical work with this text, provided that it hns 
'already been disclosed. 
§8. (I) -The activity of the Copyright Agency shall be 
terminated. 
(2) All assets of the Copyright Agency shall be transferred to the 
Ministry responsible for the culture. 
(3) The Council of Ministers shall determine the conditions and 
the manner for the distribution of the assets of the Copyright Agency, 
between the organizations under Article 40 of this Law. 
§ 9. This Law repeals: 
1. The Copyright Law (published in Isvestia No. 92/1951, 
amended No. 10/1952, No. 55/1956, State Gazette No. 35/1972, No. 
30/1990). 
2. Articles 270 to 278 from the Law on Contracts nnd 
Obligations (published in. State Gazette No. 275j1950, amended 
Isvestia No. 2/1951, No. 69/1951. No. 92/1952, State Gazette No. 
85/1963, No. 27il973, No. 16/1977, No. 28/1988, No. 30/1990, No. 
12/1993). 
§ 10. The Law comes into force on August t, 1993. 
§ 11. The execution of this Law is entrusted to the Council of 
Ministers. 
The Law was passed by the 36th Parliament on June 16, 1993 
and the state seal was attached to it. 
Chairman or Parliament: Alexander Yordanov