RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/IT/SPEC/Q3/5
1 October 2002
(02-5276)
Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in
Information Technology Products
SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
AND ELECTRONMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS
Note by the Secretariat1
At its meeting of 5 July 2002, the Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in
Information Technology Products requested the Secretariat to prepare a bibliography on the subject of
EMC/EMI of information technology products.   
The Secretariat note is divided into two parts with the first part providing a technical
introduction to the topic of EMC/EMI, and the second part referencing the specific studies pertaining
to  EMC/EMI. The references have been classified according to the publishing source and are
standardized according to original language, author, title, publisher, place and year of publication.  If
a source is available through the internet the relevant link has been provided, as updated toSeptember 2002.
I. INTRODUCTION
As a general technical introduction to the topic, the web page of the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) deserves to be browsed (http://www.iec.ch). Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) is defined there as the ability of electronic and electrical systems or componentsto work correctly when they are close together. In practice, this means that the electromagnetic
disturbances or interference (i) must be limited and  (ii) must have an adequate level of immunity to
the disturbances.
Any Electromagnetic Emission (EM) is potentia lly a disturbance to any other susceptible
device in the environment. Therefore, the two sides of EMC equation are:
• Equipment whose controllable emissions must be limited. In this sense, the term
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is used to reflect the fact that electrical and electronic
systems may cause disturbances.
• Equipment that needs to have adequate immunity  to those disturbances in its environment to
which it is exposed. The term used in this case is Immunity.
"On the emissions side of the equation, therefore, the aim of EMC is to ensure that the
equipment does not disturb other equipment, radio services, power or other networks. On the
immunity side, the aim is to ensure that equipment is not affected by, e.g., radio transmissions, mains-
borne disturbances, electrostatic fields and othe r phenomena" [see IEC web-site under heading: "IEC
in Action" > "Zones" > "EMC" (http://www.iec.ch/zone/emc/emc_entry.htm)].
                                                     
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and without prejudice to
the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.G/IT/SPEC/Q3/5
Page 2
Finally, the site provides a list of international organizations that have a strongly EMC-related
liaison with the International Electrotechnical Commission (http://www.iec.ch/zone/emc/ref_gll.htm).
The organizations are listed in the Annex.   
II. BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
OECD "Standards-Related Barriers and Trade Liberalisation: Telecommunications Sector", Working
Party of the Trade Committee, TD/TC/WP(2 001)11/FINAL, OECD: Paris,  7-Mar-2002.
http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/LinkTo/td-tc-wp(2001)11-final
OECD "Standardisation and Regulatory Reform: Selected Cases", Working Party of the Trade
Committee TD/TC/WP(99)47/FINAL, OECD:  Paris, 24-Feb-2000.http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/1999doc.nsf/linkto/td-tc-wp(99)47-final
B. REVIEWS , JOURNALS , TECHNICAL MAGAZINES
2002
Zombolas, C. "C-Tick 2002: The Australian EMC Regulations Simplified". In Compliance
Engineering magazine,  2002 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/02/Spring/zombolas.html
2001
Vernon, T. F. and Vernon J. "Analyzing the Im pact of Amending the EMC Directive". In Compliance
Engineering  magazine, 2001 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/02/Spring/vernon.html
Zombolas, C. "EMC Down Under: Proposed Amendments to Australia's EMC Regulations". In
Compliance Engineering  magazine, 2001 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/01/Spring/Zombolas.html
Lin G., Alvarado M. J., Hsieh,  H. Ch. "New Requ irements for EMC Certification in Taiwan". In
Compliance Engineering  magazine, 2001 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/01/Spring/Lin.html
2000
Alvarado, M. J. and Lin G. "The Taiwanese EMC Standard CNS 13803 Compared with CISPR 11".
In Compliance Engineering  magazine, 2000 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/ARG/Lin.html
Fenical, G. "Mutual Recognition Agreements: What Manufacturers Should Know". In Compliance
Engineering  magazine, 2000 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/ARG/Fenical.html
1999
Bjorkof, D.  "EMC Standards and Their Application". In Compliance Engineering magazine,  1999
Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/99ARG/EMCStandards61.htmG/IT/SPEC/Q3/5
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Gubisch. R.W.  "The VCCI: EMI Requirements in Japan". In Compliance Engineering  magazine,
1999 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/99ARG/Gubisch145.html
Kovacik. M. "An Eastern European Perspect ive on the Future of TTE Approvals". In Compliance
Engineering magazine,  2002 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/02/Spring/kovacik.html
Jones, H. "Central and South American A pprovals: Green Light or Red Tape?" In Compliance
Engineering magazine,  2001 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/01/Spring/Jones.html
Dillingham, S. "The R&TTE Directive: Routes to Compliance and Transitional Arrangements". InCompliance Engineering magazine,  2001 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/archive/01/Spring/Dillingham.html
Cartman B. "The R&TTE Directiv e: A Year of Transition". In Compliance Engineering magazine,
2000 Annual Reference Guide, Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.ce-mag.com/ARG/Cartman.htmlG/IT/SPEC/Q3/5
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ANNEX
• European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (htt p://www.cene lec.org)
• European Conference of Postal  and Telecommunications Administrations (http://www.cept.org).
• International Council on Large Electric System (http://www.cigre.org).
• European Broadcasting Union (http://www.ebu.ch).
• European Computer Manufacturers' Association (http://www.ecma.ch).
• Union of the Electricity Industry (http ://www.eurelectric.org/Public/content).
• International Amateur Radio Union (http://www.iaru.org).
• International Civil Aviation Organization  (http://www.icao.int).
• International Commission on Non- Ionizing Radiation Protection (http://www.icnirp.de).
• International Microwave Power Institute (http://www.impi.org).
• International Radiation Protection Association (http://www.irpa.net).
• International Organization for Standardization (http://www.iso.org/iso/en/ISOOnline.openerpage).
• International Telecommunication Union (http://www.itu.int/home/index.html).
• International Organization of Legal Metrology (http://www.oiml.org).
• International Union of Railways (http://www.uic.asso.fr/home/home_en.html).
• International Union for Electro-heat (http://www.uie.org).
• International Union of Public Transpor t  (http://www.uitp.com/home/index.htm).
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