RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONTN/MA/S/1
5 April 2002
(02-1789)
Negotiating Group on Market Access
SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH ON MARKET ACCESS
Note by the Secretariat
The Chairperson of the Negotiating Group on Market Access requested the Development and
Economic Research Division to compile a bibliography of research on market access.  The
bibliography is a contribution towards meeting the requirement for 'appropriate studies' as stated in
paragraph 16 of the Fourth WTO Ministerial Declaration.
The attached bibliography1 is not comprehensive and will be further developed over the
course of negotiations. It is illustrative of the type of research that has been undertaken on the various
topics within the mandate of the Negotiating Group on Market Access.  It should be noted that it is
part of a broader effort of the Development and Economic Research Division to develop
bibliographies related to various aspects of the work program in the Fourth WTO Ministerial
Declaration.
In preparing the bibliography within the specified time and resource constraint, a number of
decisions were taken.  These were:
• including primarily studies after 1995;
• including primarily applied studies related to market access issues in industrial products;
• the taxonomy of studies broadly reflects the issues in paragraph 16;
• allocating papers to the various categories based on their primary emphasis.
The references were standardized according to year, author, title, publisher and place of
publication. If a reference was available through the internet the relevant link as of 28 March 2002 is
provided.
                                                     
1 Original language only.TN/MA/S/1
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I. GENERAL
Bacchetta, M. and Bora, B. (2001) "Post-Uruguay Round Market Access Barriers for Industrial
Products", Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities , Study Series No.12, Geneva:
UNCTAD.http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/ditctab_list.en.htm
Deardorff, A. (2000) "Market Access for Developing Countries", Paper presented at the Center for
Business and Government at Harvard University, mimeograph.
http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/cbg/trade/deardorff.htm
Edwards, S. (1997) "Trade Reform, Uniform Tariffs and the Budget", in Macroeconomic dimensions
of public finance:  Essays in honour of Vito Tanzi . Studies in the Modern World Economy, vol. 5.
London and New York: Routledge.
Finger J. M., M. D. Ingco and U. Reincke (1996) "The Uruguay Round: Statistics on Tariff
Concessions Given and Received", Washington DC: World Bank.
Finger, M.J. and Schuknecht, L. (1999) "Market Access Advances and Retreats: The Uruguay Round
and Beyond", Trade and Development Centre, Washington DC: World Bank.
http://www2.cid.harvard.edu/c idtrade/Issues/finger2.pdf
Finger, M., Reincke, A. and Castro, A. (1999) "Market Access Bargaining in the Uruguay Round",
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2258, Washington DC: World Bank.
Francois, J. (2001) The Next WTO Round: North-South Stakes in New Market Access
Negotiations , Amsterdam and Rotterdam: Centre for International Economic Studies.
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/cies/francois.pdf
Francois, J. (2001) "Commercial Policy Variabil ity, Bindings, and Market Access", London: CEPR.
http://www.intereconomics.com/francois/text9702.pdf
Hoda, A. (2001) "Tariff Negotiations and Renego tiations Under the GATT and the WTO: Procedures
and Practices", Geneva: WTO.http://uk.cambridge.org/economics/catalogue/0521804493/default.htm
Laird, S. (1998) "Multilateral Approaches to Ma rket Access Negotiations", TPRD Working Paper 98-
02, Geneva:  World Trade Organization.
http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ptpr9802.doc
Laird, S. (2000) "Multilateral Market Access Negotiations in Goods and Services", Centre forResearch in Economic Development and International Trade, Nottingham: University of Nottingham.
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/economics/credit/research/papers/cp.00.4.pdf
Laird, S. and Yeats, A. (1987) "Tariff-cutting Formulas and Complications", in J.M. Finger and A.Olechowski, The Uruguay Round - A Handbook for the Multilateral Trade Negotiations , Washington
DC: World Bank.
Michael, F., Reincke, U. and Castro, A. (1999 ) "Market Access Bargaining in the Uruguay Round:
Rigid or Relaxed Reciprocity?", Washington DC: World Bank.
http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/Research/workpapers.nsf/bd04ac9da150d30385256815005076ce/56d
81ccdfaa29b6c8525684000740159/$FILE/wps2258.prn.pdfTN/MA/S/1
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Martin, W. and Francois, J. (1997) "Bindings and Rules as Trade Liberalization", in Maskus, K.E. et-
al. (eds.) Quiet Pioneering:  Robert M. Stern and his International Economic Legacy. Studies in
International Economics . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Martin, W. and  Winters, L.A. (1996) "The Uruguay Round: A Milestone for the Developing
Countries", in W. Martin and L.A.Winters (eds.) The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries.
Cambridge; New York and Melbourn e: Cambridge University Press.
Martin, W. and  Winters, L.A. (1996) The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries , Cambridge;
New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Michalopoulos, C. (1999) Trade Policy and Market Access Issues for Developing Countries:
Implications for the Millennium Round , Washington DC: World Bank.
http://econ.worldbank.org/docs/940.pdf
OECD (1999) "Non-OECD C ountries and Multilateral Trade Liberalization: A Background Note on
Some Key Issues", Paris: OECD.http://appli1.oecd.org/olis/1999doc.nsf/8358a613ec4462afc12569fa005d1700/b6c50084198c9a8bc1
2568330058b793/$FILE/11E93248.ENG
Rogowsky, R., Linkins, L. and Tsuji, K. (2001) "Trade Liberalization: Fears and Facts", WashingtonDC: CSIS mimeograph.http://www.csis.org/pubs/2001_tradeliber.htm
Safadi, R. (1996) "The Uruguay Round Agreem ents: Impact on Developing Countries", World-
Development 24, 7: 1223-1242.
Silva, V. y Heirman, J. (1999) "Las Condiciones de Acceso a los Mercados de Bienes: Algunos
Problemas Pendientes", Publicación de las Naciones Unidas LC/L-1297-P ISBN: 92-1-321551-
7:Ginebra.
http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-
bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/2 /4282/P4282.xml&xsl=/tpl/p9f.xsl&base=/tpl/top-
bottom.xsl
Snape, R. (1997) "Tariffs, Then and Now:  Lecture in Honour of the Late Bert Kelly", Australian
Economic Review 30, 2: 144-154.
Srinivasan, T. N. (1998) Developing Countries and the Multilateral Trading System:  From the GATT
to the Uruguay Round and the Future , Boulder: Westview Press.
UNCTAD (1998), "Market Access Developments since the Uruguay Round: Implications,
Opportunities and Challenges, in Particular for De veloping Countries and Least-Developed Countries
in the Context of Globalization and Liberalization", E/1998/55, Geneva: UNCTAD.
UNCTAD and  World Bank (2001) Handbook of Market Access Barriers , Geneva and Washington
DC: UNCTAD and World Bank.
World Bank (2001) Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries 2002 ", Washington
DC: World Bank.
http://worldbank.org/prospects/gep2002/TN/MA/S/1
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World Bank (2001) "Leveraging Trade For Development", Washington DC: World Bank.
http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/pb/pbtrade.htm
WTO (2001) Market Access: Unfinished Business , Geneva: WTO Secretariat.
http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/maccess_e.pdf
WTO (1994) "The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations:  Market Accessfor Goods and Services: Overview of the Results", Geneva: GATT.
WTO (1998) "Goods: Market Access", WTO Training Package, Geneva: WTO.
II. TARIFF STRUCTURE: TARIFF PEAKS AND TARIFF ESCALATION
Bouët, A., Fontagné, L. and Mimouni, M. (2 001) "Market Access Maps: A Bilateral and
Disaggregated Measure of Market Access", Docu ment de travail 2001 -  no. 01-18, Paris: CEPII.
http://www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/workpap/summaries/2001/wp01-18.htm
CNUCED et OMC (2000) "Incidences tarifaires du cy cle d'Uruguay sur les exportations des pays en
développement: crêtes tarifaires et progressivité des droits", CNUCED: Genève
http://www.unctad.org/fr/docs/c1d14r1.fr.pdf
Medrano, L. (1999) "Tariff Protection and Trade Agreements", Estudios Económicos  14, 2: 217-229.
OCDE (1999) Les régimes douaniers après l'Uruguay Round: Bilan et perspectives , Paris: OCDE
OECD (1999) Post-Uruguay Round Tariff Regime: Achievements and Outlook , Paris: OECD.
OECD (1997) Indicators of Tariff and Non-Tariff Trade Barriers , Paris: OECD.
OECD (1998) Tariffs in OECD Countries , Paris: OECD.  www.oecd.org
OECD (1995) "Patterns and Pervasiveness of Tari ff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade in OECD
Member Countries", Working Party No.1 of the Economic Policy Committee Ad Hoc Group of
Experts on Indicators of Government Assi stance, ECO/CPE/WP1/GE (96)3, Paris: OECD.
Supper, E. (2001) "Is There Effectively a level playing field for Developing Country Exports?, Policy
Issues in International Trade and Commodities , Study Series  No.1, Geneva: UNCTAD.
http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/ditctab_list.en.htm
UNCTAD/WTO Joint Study, (2000), "The Post-Uruguay Round Tariff Environment For DevelopingCountry Exports: Tariff Peaks and Tariff Escalation", TD/B/COM.1/14/Rev.1, Geneva: UNCTAD.
III. NON TARIFF MEASURES
Baldwin, R.E. (1989) "Measuring Non-tariff Trade Policies", NBER Working Paper: 2978,
Cambridge, MA: NBER.
Bora, B., Kuwahara, A. and Laird, S. (2002),  "Quantification of Non-tariff measures", Policy Issues in
International Trade and Commodities , Study Series No.19., Geneva: UNCTAD.
Daly, M. and Kuwahara, H. (1998) "The Impact  of the Uruguay Round on Tariff and Non-tariff
Barriers to Trade in the Quad", World Economy  21, 2: 207-234.TN/MA/S/1
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Deardorff, A. (1998) "Measurement of Nontariff Barriers", Studies in International Economics , Ann
Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Deardorff, A.V. and Stern, R.M. (1985) "Met hods of Measurement of Nontariff Barriers",
UNCTAD/ST/MD/28, Geneva: United Nations
Laird, S. and Yeats, A. (1990) Quantitative Methods for Trade Barrier Analysis , London and New
York: Macmillan Press, Ltd. And New York University Press.
Laird, S. (1996) Quantifying Commercial Policies, Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis , New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Linkins, L.A. and  Hugh, M.A. (1994) "Estimating Tariff Equivalents of Nontariff Barriers",
International Trade Commission, Office of Economics, Working Paper No. 94-06-A.U.S.
Low, P. and Yeats, A. (1994) "Non-Tariff Measures and Developing Countries", World Bank Policy
Research Working Paper No.1353, Washington DC: World Bank.
Mathä, T. (2001) "Non-Tariff Barriers, Market Access and Trade",  Working Paper Series in
Economics and Finance, Stockholm:  Stockholm School of Economics.
http://swopec.hhs.se/hastef/papers/hastef0455.pdf
Neven, D. (2000) "Evaluating the Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers: The Economic Analysis ofProtection in WTO Disputes",  Washington DC: World Bank.
http://www.worldbank.org/research/trade/conference/neven.pdf
OECD (1997) Indicators of Tariff and Non-Tariff Trade Barriers , Paris: OECD.
OECD (1995) "Patterns and Pervasiveness of Tari ff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade in OECD
Member Contries", Working Party No.1 of the Economic Policy Committee Ad Hoc Group of Experts
on Indicators of Government Assistance,  ECO/CPE/WP1/GE( 96)3, Paris: OECD.
Shaikh, M. and Beausejour (1995) "Measuring Tariff-Equivalents of Non-Tariff Barriers", Ottawa:
Department of Finance, Government of Canada.
UNCTAD (1996) "UNCTAD Coding System for Trade Control Measures" in UNCTAD A User's
Manual for TRAINs , Geneva:  UNCTAD.
UNESCAP (2000) "Non-tariff Measures with Pote ntially Restrictive Market Access Implications
Emerging in a Post-Uruguay Round Context", Studies in Trade and Investment  40, Bangkok:
UNESCAP.
http://www.unesca p.org/itid/publication/NEWPUB.HTM
IV. MARKET ACCESS FOR LDCS
Bora, B, Cernat, L and Turrini, A (2001), "Dut y and Quota Free Access for LDCs: Further evidence
from CGE modelling", Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities , Study Series No.14.,
Geneva: UNCTAD.
Hoekman, B., Ng, F. and Olarreaga, M. (2001) "Eli minating Excessive Tariffs on Exports of Least
Developed Countries", Washington DC: World Bank.
http://econ.worldbank.org/files/2196_wps2604.pdfTN/MA/S/1
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Hoekman, B., Ng, F. and Olarreaga, M. (2001) "Tariff Peaks in the Quad and Least Developed
Country Exports", Washington DC: World Bank.
http://www.worldbank.org/research/trade/pdf/peak.pdf
OECD (1997) "Market Access for the Least Developed Countries: Where are the Obstacles?", Parisand Geneva: OECD Work Programme and WTO.
http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/1997doc.nsf/a0c602508a90ce004125669e003b5adf/0efed85344f25830
c12565380058fd34/$FILE/10E75479.ENG
UNCTAD (2001), "Duty and Quota Free Market Access for LDCs: An Analysis of Quad Initiatives",
Geneva and London: United Nations and Commonwealth Secretariat.
UNCTAD (2001), "Improving Market Access for Least Developed Countries",
UNCTAD/DITC/TNCD/4, Geneva, UNCTAD.
WTO (1997) "Market Access for Least-Developed Countries", High Level Meeting on Integrated
Initiatives for Least-Developed Countries' Trade Development, WT/LDC/HL/14 and Add.1, Geneva:WTO.
WTO (1998) "Market Access for Exports of Goods and Services of the Least-Developed Countries:
Barriers and Constraints", WT/COMTD/LDC/W/11/Rev.1, Geneva: WTO.
WTO (1999) "Market Access for Least-Developed Countries:  Compilation of Information",
WT/COMTD/LDC/W/16, Geneva: WTO.
WTO (2000) "Market Access for Least-Developed Countries WTO Members",
WT/COMTD/LDC/W/17, Geneva: WTO.
WTO (2001) "Market Access Conditions for Least-Developed Countries",
WT/LDC/SWG/IF/14/Rev.1, Geneva: WTO.
WTO (2001) "Market Access Conditions for Least-Developed Countries",
WT/LDC/SWG/IF/14/Rev .1/Add.1, Geneva: WTO
V. IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Alburo, F. (1999) "Liberalizing Manufacturing Trade", Washington DC: World Bank.
http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/trade/manila/manufacturing.pdf
Anderson, K., Dimaranan, B. and Francois, J. (2001) "The Cost of Rich (and Poor) CountryProtection to Developing Countries", CIES Discussion Paper No. 0136, Adelaide: Centre for
International Economic Studies University of Adelaide.
Bhagwati, J. and T.N. Srinivasan (1999) "Outward-Orientation and Development:  Are Revisionist
Right?", New York:  Columbia University, mimegraph.
Dessus, S., Fukasaku, K. and Safadi, R. (1999) "Multilateral Tariff Liberalization and the Developing
Countries", Policy Brief 18, Paris: OECD.
Dessus, S., Fukasaku, K. and Safadi, R. (1999) "La libéralisation multilatérale des droits de douane et
les pays en développement", Cahier de Politique Economique 18, Paris: OCDE.
http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00005000/M00005987.pdfTN/MA/S/1
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Ebrill, L., Stotsky, J. and Gropp, R. (1999) "Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization", IMF
Occasional Paper 180, Washington DC: IMF.
Francois, J. (2000) "Assessing the Results of General Equilibrium Studies of Multilateral Trade
Negotiations", Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities , Study Series No.3., Geneva:
UNCTAD.
http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/ditctab_list.en.htm
Frankel, J. (2000) "Assessing the Efficiency Gains from Further Liberalization", Paper presented at
the Center for Business and Government at Harvard University, mimeograph.
http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/cbg/trade/frankel.htm
Greenaway, D., Morgan, W. and Wright, P. (2002) "Trade Liberalisation and Growth in Developing
Countries", Journal of Development Economics  67, 1: 229-244.
Hertel, T. (1999) "Developing Country Interests in Liberalizing Manufactures Trade", Washington
DC: World Bank.http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/ trade/papers_2000/BPmanufect.pdf
Hertel, T.W., Preckel, P. and Cranfield, J. (2 000) "Poverty Impacts of Multilateral Trade
Liberalization", Purdue: GTAP.
http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/650.pdf
Hertel, T.W. and Martin, W. (2000) "Liberalising Agriculture and Manufactures in a MillenniumRound: Implications for Developing Countries", World Economy  23, 4: 455-469.
http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=03785920
Hertel, T. and Martin, W. (1999) "Would Developing  Countries Gain From Inclusion of Manufactures
Trade in the WTO 2000 Negotiations?", World Bank Paper presented at the Conference on the
Millenium Round, WTO (Geneva, 20-21 September).
http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/42.pdf
Hertel, T., Martin, W., Yanagishima, K. and Dimaranan, B. (1995) "Liberalizing Manufactures in a
Changing World Economy", in W. Martin and Winters L.A. (eds.) The Uruguay Round and the
Developing Countries , Cambridge University Press.
Hertel, T.W. (2000) "Potential Gains from Reducing Trade Barriers in Manufacturing, Services and
Agriculture", Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review  82, 4: 77-99.
http://www.stls.frb.org/publications/review
Hoekman, B. (1999) "Some Market Access Issues for Developing Countries in a Millenium Round:
Results from Recent World Bank Research", Cuadernos-de-Economica  36, 109: 947-978.
http://sol.facea.puc.cl/cuadernos/index.html
Keen, M. and Ligthart, J. (1999) "Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform", IMFWorking Paper: WP/99/93, Washington DC: IMF.
www.imf.org
Martinez, J. (1999) "Revenue-Neutral Tariff Reform: The Welfare Effects of Uniform Tariffs in 13Developing Countries", Colorado: Center for Eco nomic Analysis, University of Colorado-Boulder.
http://www.colorado.edu/Economics/CEA/papers99/wp99-31.pdfTN/MA/S/1
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Matusz, S. (1999) "Adjusting to Trade Policy Reform", Washington DC: World Bank.
http://www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/Workpapers/wps2000series/wps2142/wps2142.pdf
McKibbin, W. (1999) "Trade Liberalization in a Dynamic Setting: Implications of a New WTO
Round", Washington DC: Brookings Institute.http://www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/views/papers/bdp/bdp147/bdp147.pdf
McLulloch, N., Winters, L.A. and Cirera, X. (2001) Trade Liberalization and Poverty:  A Handbook,
London: CEPR.
Reimer, J.J. (2002) "Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization", Washington DC: Trade
Development Research Group, World Bank.
http://econ.worldbank.org/view.php?type=5&id=12035
Rodriguez, F. and  Rodrik, D. (1999) "Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic's Guide to theCross-National Evidence", NBER Work ing Paper: 7081, Washington DC: NBER.
Whalley, J. (2000) "What Can The Developing Countries Infer From The Uruguay Round Models For
The Millennium Round Positions?", CSGR Workin g Paper No. 60/00, Warwick: University of
Warwick.
http://www.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/CSGR/wpapers/wp6000.PDF
WTO (2000) Trade, Income Disparity and Poverty, Special Studies 5, Geneva: WTO.
VI. STUDIES ON SPECIFIC REGIONS OR COUNTRIES
Abed, G. (1998) "Trade Liberalization and Tax Reform in the Southern Mediterranean Region", IMF
Working Paper No. 98/49, Washington DC: IMF.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9849.pdf
Ahammad, H. and Greig, R. (2000) "A Regional Perspective on Tariffs: The Western AustralianExperience", Australasian Journal of Regional Studies  6, 1: 67-94.
Ahmed, N. (2000) "Export Response to Trade Liberalization in Bangladesh: A Cointegration
Analysis", Applied Economics 32, 8: 1077-1084.
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/00036846.html
APEC (1997) "The Impact of Trade Liberaliza tion in APEC", 1997, APEC #97-CT-01.2, Singapore:
APEC.
http://www.apecsec.org.sg/
APEC (1999) "Assessing APEC Trade Liberalizat ion and Facilitation - 1999 Update", APEC #99-EC-
01.1, Singapore: APEC
http://www.apecsec.org.sg/
Archibald, R.B. (2000) "Effective Rates of Protection and the Fordney-McCumber and Smoot-
Hawley Tariff Acts: Comment and Revised Estimates", Applied Economics  32, 9: 1223-1226.
Ariff, M., Mahani, Z.A. and Tan, E.C. (1996) "Effects of the Emerging Multilateral Trading
Arrangement on the Malaysian Economy", Asian Development Review 14, 2: 44-72.
Bach, C.F., Lloyd, P.J. and Martin, W. (1999) "The Uruguay Round, World Trade Organization and
Asia-Pacific Trade Liberalization", in P. J. Lloyd International Trade Opening and the Formation ofTN/MA/S/1
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the Global Economy: Selected essays of P. J. Lloyd . Economists of the Twentieth Century series.
Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.
Berry, A. and Tenjo, J.G. (1999) "Income Distribut ion Effects of Trade Liberalization and Labor
Reform in Colombia", in Callahan, C. M.; Gunter, F.R. (eds.) Colombia: An opening economy? .
Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, vol. 84. Stamford, Conn.: JAI Press.
Boko, S.H. (2001) "The Impact of International Agreements on Domestic Policy: An Analysis of
Tariff Policy in African Countries", Atlantic Economic Journal 29, 1: 75-86.
Boko, S.H. and Lapan, H. (2001) "Pre-Commitment Mechanism and Policy Credibility in African
Trade Reform", Review of Development Economics  5, 1: 25-39.
http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=13636669
Bora, B. and Neufeld I. (2001) "Tariffs and The East Asian Financial Crisis", Policy Issues in
International Trade and Commodities , Study Series N.13, Aug. 2001, Geneva: UNCTAD.
http://www.unctad.org/en/pub/ditctab_list.en.htm
Bora, B. and Pangestu, M. (eds.) (1996) Priority Issues in Trade and Investment Liberalization:
Implications for the Asia Pacific Region , Singapore: Pacific Economic Cooperation Council.
Canitrot, A. y Junco, S. (1992) "Apertura y Condi ciones Macroeconómicas: El  Caso Argentino", BID,
Departamento de Desarrollo Económico y Social: Washington DC, US.http://www.iadb.org/int/spa/index.htm
Chanda, R. (1996) "Implications of the Uruguay Round for Kenya", IMF  Working Paper: WP/96/08,
Washington DC: IMF.
Chow, L.K., Fung, M. and Zhu, L. (1999) "Distributional Effects of Tariff Reduction in the
Transforming Chinese Economy", Pacific Economic Review 4, 2: 115-135.
http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=1361374x
Coetzee, Z.R., Swanepoel, J.J. and Naude, W.A.  (1997) "A Minimalist CGE Model for Analysing
Trade Liberalisation in South Africa", Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics 21, 1:
37-56.
Dabee, B. and  Milner, C. (1999) "Evaluating Trade Liberalization in Mauritius", in Oyejide, A.;
Ndulu, B.; Gunning, J-W. (eds.) Regional Integration and Trade Li beralization in SubSaharan Africa .
Volume 2. Country Case-Studies. New York: St . Martin's Press; London: Macmillan Press.
Davies, R. (2000) "Zimbabwe: Economic Adjustment , Income Distribution and Trade Liberalization",
Center for Economic Policy Analysis, New York: New York University.
http://www.newschool.edu/cepa/papers/archive/cepa0121.pdf
De-Santis, R.A. (2001) "The 1990 Trade Liberalisation Policy of Turkey: An Applied General
Equilibrium Assessment", International Economic Journal 15, 2: 115-132.
http://iias.snu.ac.kr/wthong/IEJ/
Devarajan, S., Ghanem, H. and Thierfelder, K. (1999) "Labor Market Regulations, Trade
Liberalization and the Distribution of Income in Bangladesh", Journal of Policy Reform  3, 1: 1-28.
Evans, D. (2001) "Identifying Winners and Losers  in Southern Africa from Global Trade Policy
Reform: Integrating Findings from GTAP and Poverty Case Studies", Paper prepared for the Fourth
Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, Purdue: Purdue University, West Lafayette.TN/MA/S/1
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http://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/344.doc
Fedderke, J. and  Vaze, P. (2001) "The Nature of  South Africa's Trade Patterns by Economic Sector,
and the Extent of Trade Liberalization During the Course of the 1990's", South African Journal of
Economics  69, 3: 436-473.
Feenstra, R. (ed.) (1997) The Effects of U.S. Trade Protection and Promotion Policies , NBER Project
Report series. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Feliciano, Z.M. (2001) "Workers and Trade Liberalization: The Impact of Trade Reforms in Mexico
on Wages and Employment", Industrial and Labor Relations Review 55, 1: 95-115.
Francois, J., Glismann, H. and Spinanger, D. (2000) "The German Economy and EU Industrial Tariff
Reductions: Partial and CGE Analyses of a Stil lborn Millennium Round", Kiel: Kiel Institute of
World Economics.
Gang, I.N. and Pandey, M. (1998) "What Was Protected?  Measuring India's Tariff Barriers
1968-1997", Indian Economic Review 33, 2: 119-152.
Glenday, G. (1998) "Sub-Saharan Africa: Customs and Trade Facilitation: Challenges and
Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa", Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation  52, 6:
242-251.http://www.ibfd.nl/Products/Publications/BIFD.htm
Han, S. (1998) "APEC Trade Liberalisation : Its Implications", Paris: OECD.
http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00001000/M00001296.pdf
Hanson, G.H. and  Harrison, A. (1999) "Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality in Mexico",Industrial and Labor Relations Review 52, 2: 271-288.
http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/depts/ilrrev
Holmes, P. (1997) "EU Trade, Industry and Competition Policy: Market Access and Transnational
Issues of Policy-Making for Technology Transfer, The Technology of Transition:  Science and
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