WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION  
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE  
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL COMERCIO  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
8 April 2004 
 (04-1634) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of 
Intellectual Property Rights Original:   English/ 
 anglais/  inglés 
 
MAIN DEDICATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 
LAWS AND REGULATIONS NOTIFIED UNDER 
ARTICLE 63.2 OF THE AGREEMENT 
 
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 
   The present document reproduces the text
1 of Act No. 577/2001 Coll. Amending Act 
No. 55/1977 Coll. on Trademarks, notified by the Slovak Republic under Article 63.2 of the 
Agreement by means of a communication from its Delegation dated 19 November 2002.   
 
 Conseil des aspects des droits de propriété 
intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce  
  
PRINCIPALES LOIS ET RÉGLEMENTATIONS CONSACRÉES À LA 
PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE NOTIFIÉES AU TITRE 
DE L'ARTICLE 63:2 DE L'ACCORD 
 
RÉPUBLIQUE SLOVAQUE 
   Le présent document contient le texte
1 de la Loi n° 577/2001 Rec. portant modification de la 
Loi n° 55/1977 Rec. sur les marques de fabrique ou  de commerce, notifié par la République slovaque 
au titre de l'article 63:2 de l'Accord dans une communication de sa délégation datée du 19 novembre 
2002.   
 
 Consejo de los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad 
Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio  
 
 
PRINCIPALES LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS DEDICADOS A LA 
PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL NOTIFICADOS EN VIRTUD 
DEL PÁRRAFO 2 DEL ARTÍCULO 63 DEL ACUERDO 
 
REPÚBLICA ESLOVACA 
   En el presente documento se reproduce el texto
1 de la Ley Nº 577/2001 (recopilación) de 
enmienda de la Ley Nº 55/1977 (recopilación) de Ma rcas de Fábrica o de Comercio, que la República 
Eslovaca ha notificado en virtud del párrafo 2 del artículo 63 del Acuerdo mediante una comunicación 
de su delegación de fecha 19 de noviembre de 2002. 
                                                      
 1 In English only./En anglais seulement./En inglés solamente. IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 2  
 
  
Act no. 577/2001 Coll. Amending 
the Act no. 55/1997 Coll.  
on Trademarks  
 
 
 
National Council of the Slovak Republic  has adopted the following Act: 
 
PART  I 
GENERAL PROVISIONS 
 
Trademark 
Article 1 
(1) A trademark is any sign capable of being repr esented graphically, consisting particularly 
of words, including personal names, letters,  numerals, drawings, shape of goods or of 
their packaging, or thei r mutual combinations capable of distinguishing goods or services 
of various entrepreneurs, registered in the Regi ster of Trademarks (hereinafter referred to 
as "the Register"). 
(2) A collective trademark is a sign referred to in Paragraph 1 thereof, if it is capable of 
distinguishing products or serv ices, originated by members of  a legal entity established 
for the purpose of protection of their interests or for other purposes (h ereinafter referred to 
as "Association of entrepreneurs,i” from goods or servic es provided by other 
entrepreneurs and which is re gistered in the Register. 
 
Article 2 
(1) The following shall not be r ecognised as a trademark: 
a) sign which does not conform to the requirements of Article 1, 
b) sign which has no distinctive capacity, 
c) sign consisting exclusively of indications or elements that serve in the trade to 
designate the kind, quality, quantity, purpose,  value, geographical origin or other 
characteristics of goods or services, or, if  appropriate, time of production of goods or 
of rendering of  services, 
d) sign consisting exclusively of signs or indi cations which have become customary in  
current language or have been using in established practices of trade, 
e) sign consisting exclusively of the shapes of  goods or of their packaging which results 
from  the nature of goods themselves or is  necessary to obtain a technical result, or 
gives substantial value to the goods,  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 3 
 
 
 f) sign which is of such a nature as to deceive  the public, particularly  with regard to the 
nature, quality or geographical or igin of the goods  or services, 
g) sign which is contrary to public order or principles of morality, 
h) sign whose use would be contrary to th e obligations of th e Slovak Republic under 
international treaties, 
i) sign containing a sign of a high symbolic va lue, particularly a religious symbol. 
j) sign applied for wines or spirits contai ning a geographical indication identifying 
wines or spirits with respect to such wines or spirits not having that origin 
(2) The signs referred to in paragraph 1 (b) to  (d) may be accepted and registered in the 
Register if a natural person or a legal en tity filing an application for registration 
(hereinafter referred to as "Applicant") proves that such sign has acquired distinctive character in relation to the goods  or services for which regist ration is requested following 
the use which has been made of  it on the territory of the Slova k Republic or in relation to 
this territory prior the date of filing of the application for the entry in the Register (hereinafter referred to  as "Application").  
 
Article 3 
The following shall not be rec ognised as the trademark: 
a) sign identical with the trademark with th e earlier priority right which has been 
registered for another owner for iden tical or similar goods or services, 
b) sign identical with applied si gn of another applicant with the earlier priority right 
provided that such sign is re gistered for identical or similar goods or services, 
c) sign identical with a trademark registered fo r identical or similar goods or services 
that has expired under Article 15 (1)(a) if the application was filed within two years 
after the expiration da te of the trademark; this pr ovision shall not  apply if the 
application was filed by the person who at th e time of the expiration of the trademark 
thereof has been registered as the owner of the trademark or its legal successor, 
(2) Provisions of paragraph 1 sh all not apply if the owner of the earlier trademark or 
applicant of the identical sign with the earlier priority right gives his written consent to the 
registration of later sign.  
 
Article 3a 
Identity and similarity of signs or trad emarks and identity of goods or services 
(1) Signs or trademarks, which are identical or differ only in inessential elements which do 
not change the character of the sign or tradem ark as a whole shall be deemed identical. 
(2) Signs or trademarks and goods or services sh all be deemed similar if because of this 
similarity there exists a lik elihood of confusion of signs or trademarks or goods or 
services originating from different entrep reneurs or there exists the likelihood of 
association with the sign or tr ademark with the earlier prior ity right on the part of the 
public. 
 IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 4  
 
 Article 4 
The sign shall not be recognise d as a trademark where the I ndustrial Property Office of the 
Slovak Republic (hereinafter refe rred to as "the Office"), on the grounds of oppositions filed 
pursuant to Article 9, ascertains that it is : 
a) confusingly similar to a trademark with the earlier priority right if the trademark has 
been registered for identical or similar goods or services, 
b) confusingly similar to an app lied sign with the earlier prio rity right provided that such 
sign is registered for identical  or similar goods or services, 
c) identical with or confusingly similar to a sign which is registered as a trademark for 
identical or similar goods or se rvices in the country or in relation to the country which 
is the member state of th e international convention1a) or is a member of the World 
Trade Organization1b) (hereinafter referred to as "F oreign trademark”) provided that 
the applicant of this sign is an agent or a representative of the owner of the foreign 
trademark for the territory of the Slovak Republic on the basis of other relation1c) 
(hereinafter referred to as "Representative” ) and applies for registration thereof in his 
own name without the owner´s consent,  
d) identical with or confusingly similar to an  unregistered sign used by his owner in the 
course of trade prior to the filing date of the application if the use of an applied sign 
could be deemed as an act of unfair competition1d) in relation to the rights of the 
owner of unregistered sign, 
e) identical with or confusingly similar to the trade name or its essential part, registered 
in the Register of Companies or a similar register for an entrepreneur who conducted 
an economic activity with identical or similar goods or services prior to the filing date of the application, 
f) identical with or confusingly similar to the forename and surname or an assumed 
name or a portrait of a person if the entry of this sign in the Register could interfere 
with the rights to individual’s protection, 
g) identical with or confusingly similar to th e subject matter of other industrial property 
right with the earlier priority right, 
h) identical with or confusingly similar to an au thor's work created prior to filing date of 
the application where by using such sign th e author's copyright could be affected. 
(2) The sign shall not be recognised as a tr ademark where Office on the grounds of 
oppositions filed pursuant to Ar ticle 9, ascertains that it is : 
a) identical with or confusingly similar to a sign which, before filing date of the 
application, had become well-known, following its use in the Slovak Republic or in 
relation to the territory of  the Slovak Republic according to the international treaty
ii,   
for goods or services of its owner (hereina fter referred to as "Unregistered well-
known mark"), if this sign is applied for identical or similar goods or services, 
b) identical with or confusingly similar to a trademark which, before filing date of the 
application, had become well-known, following its use in the Slovak Republic or in 
relation to the territory of the Slovak Republic according to the international treaty1b), 
for goods or services of its owner (hereinafter referred to as "Registered well-known 
mark"), if the use of such sign for any goods or services woul d indicate connection  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 5 
 
 
 between the thus-marked goods or services  and the owner of the registered well-
known mark, and if the interests of its owne r are likely to be damaged by such use. 
 
PART  II 
PROCEDURE ON MATTERS CONCERNING A TRADEMARK 
 
Article 5 
Trademark Application  
(1) The application may be filed by applicant for goods  or services that are, at the filing date, 
the subject of his economic activity. 
(2) An application shall contain: 
a) a request for the entry of the sign as a trademark  in the Register, name, surname and 
domicile if the applicant is a natural pers on, and name or trade name and seat if the 
applicant is a legal entity, 
b) a wording or graphical presentation of the si gn; in case of a three-dimensional sign its 
surface presentation, 
c) list of the goods or servic es in respect of which th e registration is requested. 
(3) Goods or services included in the list under paragraph 2 (c) shall be classified in 
accordance with the in ternational treaty.iii 
(4) The application can be filed for one sign only. 
 
Article 6 
Priority right 
(1) For the purpose of starting the proceedings and th e rise of priority ri ght the filing date of 
the application shall be deemed  the date of  delivery of the submission or the date of  
elimination of  deficiencies of s ubmission, which cont ains at least: 
a) data indicating the express inte ntion of the applicant to fi le a trademark application,  
b) data enabling identification of the appli cant and correspondence w ith the applicant, 
c) requirements in accordance with Article 5 (2)(b) and (c) except the classification 
referred to in Article 5 (3).  
(2) The applicant shall enjoy the priority right against any person who subsequently files an 
application containing identical or confusingly similar sign for identical or similar goods 
or services 
a) on  the filing date of the application according to paragraph 1 or 
b) on the date of priority right pur suant to international convention 1a) following from the 
earlier trademark application. 
(3) The applicant must claim the priority right acco rding to paragraph 2(b) in the application 
and prove this right within the period of three months as from the date of  filing of 
application; otherwise the right of priority shall not be recognised. IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 6  
 
 (4) The priority right according to paragraph 2(b)  shall be applied to one application only,  
provided that this appl ication is filed in the state wh ich is the member state of the 
international convention1a) or is a member of the World Trade Organization1b) ; otherwise 
this right may be claimed only if the condition of reciprocity is fulfilled. 
(5) The priority right pursuant  to paragraph 2(b) applies also to services.  
 
Article 7 
Modification of the application, assi gnment and transfer of the application 
(1) Upon the request of the applicant the Office shall permit modification of the application 
where it concerns the forename, surname or name, or the trade name, seat, domicile and business address if a change occurred after filing of the application and the modification 
of the application for registration reconciles  data adduced therein with reality without 
affecting the general nature of the trademark. No other changes in th e application after its 
filing shall be permitted. 
(2) After filing of the applicati on the applicant may reduce the list of goods or services for 
which the trademark is to be registered ; such reduction cannot  be withdrawn. No 
extension of the list of goods or services for wh ich the trademark is to be registered after 
filing of application is permitted.  
(3) Prior to the entry of the trademark in the Regi ster the applicant is en titled to divide the 
application containing more than  one kind of goods or services  to separate applications. 
The priority right and th e date of filing of app lication of the original application shall be 
maintained also for the divisional applica tions, provided they only include the goods or 
services listed in the original application. 
(4) By written agreement the applicant may assign his right arising from the application for 
the goods or services which are listed in the application, or for part of them, to another 
natural person or legal entity if these goods or services constitute  the subject of his 
economic activity as of the date of the agreement. 
(5) Rights following from application shall be transf erred to another person in cases stated by 
special Act
iv. 
 
Article 8 
Examination and Publication of the Application 
(1) The Office shall conduct an examination wh ether the application complies with the 
conditions laid down by this Act and its implementing regulation.4a) 
(2) If the application does not satisfy the conditions according to Article 5(2) to (4), as well 
as specified by the implementing regulation, the Office shall invite the applicant to 
eliminate the deficiencies within a prescribed  period of time. If the applicant fails to 
eliminate those deficiencies within the prescr ibed period of time, the Office shall suspend 
the procedure. The applicant must be advised in advance about this by the notice asking to eliminate the deficiencies. 
(3) If the applied sign does not satisfy with condi tions according to Articles 1 to 3 or the 
applicant does not satisfy the conditions accordin g to Article 5 (1), th e Office shall refuse  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 7 
 
 
 the application. Before taking this decision th e Office shall require from the applicant the 
statement concerning the reasons on the basis of  which the application is to be refused. 
(4) If the reasons on the basis of which the applic ation is to be refused according to paragraph 
3 concern only the part of goods or services, the Office shall refuse the application only 
for this part of goods or services.  
(5) If the proceedings on application was not suspended according to paragraph 2 or if the 
application was not refused according to paragraph 3, the Office shall publish the 
application in the Official Journal of the Industrial Property Office of the Slovak Republic 
(hereinafter referred to as "Journal"). 
 
Oppositions against the Entry in the Register 
Article 9 
After publishing the application in  the Journal, a person, affected  due to reasons stated in 
Article 4 (hereinafter referred to as “Opponent”) , may file oppositions against the entry of the 
sign in the Register within the period of three months from this publication at the Office. The 
oppositions shall contain legal and factual justif ication as well the documentary evidence or 
indication of documentary or other eviden ce, which shall be submitted by the opponent.  
 
Article 10 
(1) The Office shall examine whether the opposi tions have been filed duly and in time 
according to Article 9 and whether the conditions of obligatory representation according to Article 34 (3) is satisfied. 
(2) If the oppositions have not been filed duly an d in time according to Article 9 or if the 
opponent does not submit the indicated eviden ce upon the invitation of the Office within 
prescribed time period or does not prove the satisfaction of the condition of obligatory representation according to Article 34 (3) upon the invitation of the Office within 
prescribed time period, the Office sh all suspend the opposition proceedings. 
(3) The Office shall advise the applicant of the oppositions filed pursuant to Article 9,  
proceedings on which were not suspended, and i nvites him to make a statement related to 
the oppositions within the prescribed time period. 
(4) If the applicant fails to make a statement re garding the oppositions within the prescribed 
time period according to paragraph 3 or fa ils to satisfy the condition of obligatory 
representation according to Article 34 (3) upon the invitation of the Office within 
prescribed time period, the Office shall suspend the application proceedings to the extent of the oppositions filed.  The applicant must  be, however, warned about this in the 
invitation to make a statement. 
(5) The Office shall deliver a written text of the decision according to paragraph  2 to the 
opponent and  a written text of the decision  according to paragraph 4 to both  the 
opponent and the applicant.  
 
 
 IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 8  
 
 Article 11 
(1) The Office shall examine, on the basis of the oppositions with regard to which the 
applicant made a statement, whether an applied sign satisfies the conditions for 
registration with respect to Article 4. 
(2) If the Office in the proceedings  according to the paragraph 1 on the basis of evidence 
evaluated on the proposal of the parties 
a) ascertains that the applied sign does not satisfy requirements for registration with 
respect to Article 4, it shall  refuse the application or 
b) does not ascertain the existen ce of the grounds with respect to Article 4 or ascertains 
that the opponent is not a pe rson affected according to Article 9, it shall refuse the 
oppositions.  
(3) The Office shall deliver a written text of th e decision according to paragraph 2 to both the 
applicant and the opponent. 
 
Article 12 
Registration of a Trademark 
(1) If the requirements for registration of a sing as a  trademark in the Register laid down by 
this Act, are satisfied, the Office sha ll enter the trademark in the Register. 
(2) By entering the trademark in the Register the applicant acquires the trademark rights and 
becomes the owner of the trademark and the O ffice shall issue a certificate of registration 
to the owner. 
(3) The Office shall publish the registration of the trademark in the Journal. 
(4) Legal or natural person entered as the owner in the Register shall be deemed the owner of 
the trademark. 
 
Article 13 
Term of Protection 
(1) The term of protection for a registered tradem ark is ten years as from filing date of the 
application with the Office (Article 6 (1)). 
(2) At the request of the trademark owner for renewal of a registration submitted at the 
earliest during the final year of the term of pr otection and at the latest within six months 
after its expiry (hereinafter referred to as "Request for registration renewal") the term of 
protection of the trademark shall be repe atedly extended for additional ten years. 
 
Article 14 
Modification  of a Trademark and  of List of Goods and Services 
(1) At the request of the trademark owner th e Office shall permit modification of the 
trademark where it concerns the forename, surname or name, or trade name or seat, domicile, trade establishment if this change occurred after the entry of the trademark in 
the Register and if th is modification reconciles data a dduced therein with reality without 
affecting the general nature of the trademark.  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 9 
 
 
 (2) Upon the request of the trad emark owner the Office shall reduce the list of goods or 
services for which the trademark is register ed; such reduction ca nnot be withdrawn. No 
extension of the list of goods or services for which the trademark is registered is  permitted  
Article 15  
Termination of a Trademark  
(1) A trademark is terminated: 
a) on the expiry of the term of protection, unl ess an request for registration renewal was 
filed in due time, 
b) on the day of the declaration of renunciati on to the right made by the owner of the 
trademark presented to the Office, this st atement has no legal effects if rights of a 
third party hinder the decl aration of renunciation. 
c) by extinction of legal capacity  of the owner, unless the right to the trademark has 
been assigned or transferred to a new owner, 
d) on the effectiveness of the revocation of  the trademark according to Article 16 
paragraphs 3 to 12, Article 17 and Article 23. 
(2) A trademark which is the subject to the rights of third party will cease to exist pursuant to 
paragraph 1 (b) on the day when  the trademark owner provides  proof of termination of 
these rights or, the approval of the author ised persons with the termination of the 
trademark. 
(3) The Office enters the termination of a trademark in the Register. 
 
Invalidation and Revocation of a Trademark 
Article 16 
(1) The Office shall declare the registration of a trademark invalid if it ascertains in the 
proceedings started at the request of a thir d party or ex-officio that the trademark was 
registered contrary to the condi tions laid down by this Act for registration of trademarks. 
(2) The declaration of trademark registration invalid pursuant to paragraph 1 shall not 
proceed if the trademark has been registered contrary to Article 2 (1) (b) to (d) but its 
owner proves that such trademark has acquired distinctive character in relation to the goods or services for which it was registered following the use which has been made of it 
on the territory of the Slovak Repu blic or in relation to this te rritory prior the start of the 
invalidation proceedings. 
(3) The Office shall revoke the registration of a trad emark if in the proceedings started at the 
request of a third party or ex officio it ascert ains that the trademark in consequence of use 
of it by its owner or with his consent is liable  to mislead the public, particularly as to the 
nature, quality or geographical or igin of the goods or services for which it is registered.  
(4) The Office shall revoke the registration of a trad emark if in the proceedings started at the 
request of a third party it asce rtains that the trademark has not been used in the Slovak 
Republic for at least five consecutive years pr eceding the start of revocation proceedings 
and the trademark owner has not given proper reasons for non-use.  Trademark is deemed not to be used during five consecutive year s on the territory of the Slovak Republic  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 10  
 
 unless proved otherwise. Tradem ark shall not be revoked if th e owner started to use it in 
good faith after the expiry of fi ve consecutive years; starting to use the trademark in good 
faith within the time limit of three months preceding the filing of the request for revocation shall not be deemed starting to use the trademark in good faith, unless proved 
otherwise. 
(5) The Office shall revoke the registration of c onfusingly similar trad emark if during the 
proceedings started at a request  of owner of trademark with the earlier priority right it 
ascertains that the contested tr ademark has been registered for identical or similar goods 
or services. 
(6) The Office shall revoke the registration of a trad emark if in the proceedings started at the 
request of the owner of a unregistered or regi stered well-known mark it ascertains that the 
contested trademark is  
a) identical or confusingly similar to unregi stered well known mark which, before filing 
date of the application of the contested trademark, had become well-known (Article 4 
(2)(a)) for identical  or similar goods or services or 
b) identical or confusingly similar to regist ered well known mark which, before filing 
date of the application of the contested trademark, had become well-known (Article 4 
paragraph 2(b)) if the use if the use of such trademark for any goods or services 
would indicate connection between the thus -marked goods or services and the owner 
of the registered well-known mark, and if the interests of its ow ner are likely to be 
damaged by such use. 
(7) The Office shall revoke the registration of trademark  which is identical with or 
confusingly similar to the unregistered sign if  during the proceedings started at a request 
of owner of the unregistered sign which used this sign in the course of trade prior to the 
filing date of the contested trademark ascertain s that the use of contested trademark could 
be deemed as an act of unfair competition
1d) in relation to the ri ghts of the owner of 
unregistered sign, 
(8) The Office shall revoke the registration of a trad emark if in the proceedings started at the 
request of a third party it ascertains that the trademark, as a result of use or failure to use 
by its owner, has lost its distinctive characte r because in the trade relations it has become 
a general designation for goods or services  for which it has been registered. 
(9) The Office shall revoke the registration of a id entical or confusingly similar trademark if 
in the proceedings started at the request of an  entrepreneur ascertains that the trademark is 
identical with or confusingly si milar to the trade name or its essential part, registered in 
the Register of Companies or a similar register for such en trepreneur if he conducted an 
economic activity with identical or similar goods or services prior to the filing date of the 
application of contested trademark. 
(10) The Office shall revoke the registration of a identical or confusingly similar trademark 
if in the proceedings started at the request of  third party ascertains that the trademark is 
identical with or confusingly similar to the forename and surname or an assumed name or 
a portrait of a person use of th is sign in the Register could interfere with the rights to 
individual’s protection. 
(11) The Office shall revoke the registration of a identical or confusingly similar trademark 
if in the proceedings started at the request of  the owner of another industrial property right  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 11 
 
 
 ascertains that the contested trademark is identical with or confusingly similar to the 
subject matter of other industrial property  right with the earlier priority right. 
(12) The Office shall revoke the registration of a identical or confusingly similar trademark 
if in the proceedings started at the request of  third party ascertains that the trademark is 
identical with or confusingly similar to an auth or's work created prior to filing date of the 
application of contested trademark if by usi ng such sign the author's copyright could be 
affected. 
(13) If the reasons for revocation of the registrati on of a trademark refer solely to one part 
of the goods or services for which the trad emark has been registered, the Office shall 
revoke the registration of a trademar k only for those goods or services. 
(14) File a request for invalidati on of registration of a tradem ark pursuant to paragraphs 1 
may also be effected after the termination of the trademark pur suant to Article 15 (1)(a) to 
(c) if the claimant proves legal interest. 
(15) The Office shall not revoke the registration according to paragraphs 5 to 7 if the 
owner of the right: 
a) has acquiesced  for a period of five consecu tive years the use of contested trademark 
on the territory of the Slovak Republic since th e moment he was aware of such use; it 
shall not apply if the owner of the right proves that th e application of contested 
trademark was applied for in bad faith or 
b) has not used the trademark registered or unregistered well-known mark or 
unregistered sign on the territory of the Sl ovak Republic for five consecutive years 
and has not given proper r easons for such non-use.  
 
Article 17 
(1) The Office shall revoke registration of a tr ademark on the grounds of the court decision 
according to which the trademark 
a) containing the forename and surname or a portrait of a natural person, or his assumed 
name, violates the rights to  individual’s  protection, 
b) containing the name or trade name of a natu ral person or a legal en tity, registered in 
the  Register of Companies or a similar register prior to filing of the application, interferes with its reputation, 
c) interferes with the earlier  copyright. 
(2) The Office shall revoke the registration of an identical or a confusingly similar trademark 
on the basis of a court decision according to wh ich the use of such tr ademark is prohibited 
as an act of unfair competition
1d). 
(3) The revocation shall be proceeded at the re quest of an authorised person within six 
months from the date when th e court decision becomes valid. 
 
Article 18 
In case of invalidation of registration of a trad emark pursuant to Article 16 (1) the registration 
of this trademark in the Register shall be deemed to have never occurred; otherwise the 
revocation shall be effective from the da te of starting the revocation proceedings. IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 12  
 
  
Article 19 
Together with the request for starting of the invalidation or revocation proceedings pursuant 
to Article 16 the claimant is requested to deposit a sum of 2 500 SK. The Office will refund 
the deposit if in the proceedings it shall be proved that the starting of the invalidation or 
revocation proceedings has been filed with proper reason. 
 
Specific Provision Concerning Collective Trademarks 
Article 20 
(1) An association of entrepreneurs, as an a pplicant, can file the application for the 
registration of a sign as  collective trademark. 
(2) Together with the application in addition to the formalities referred to in Article 5 (3) and 
(4), the following must be attached: 
a) the written contract between a ll members of the association , in which the conditions 
of the use of the collective trademark are la id down, including th e sanctions for their 
infringement, 
b) a list of members of the association of entrepreneurs who are entitled to use the 
collective trademark and the address of their seats. 
(3) The proceedings concerning the collective tr ademark are governed by the provisions of 
Articles 5 to 19, as appropriate. 
 
Article 21 
(1) The members of an association of entreprene urs registered in the Register have the 
exclusive right to mark  with the collective trademark thei r goods or services for which it 
is registered or to use it in conn ection with these goods or services. 
(2) At the request of the owner of the collec tive trademark supported with an agreement 
amending the original association agreement, the Office shall enter the change regarding 
the list of the members of the associa tion of entrepreneurs in the Register 
(3) .At the request of the members of an associat ion of entrepreneurs, the Office will issue an 
extract to each of the members of the association registered in the Register. 
(4) At the request the Office shall permit the inspection of the association agreement. 
 
Article 22 
A collective trademark shall not be assigned to  another owner and shal l not be licensed or 
given as lien. 
Article 23 
The Office shall revoke a collective trademark from  the Register, except in the cases referred 
to in Articles 16 and 17 thereof, if the members of the association of entrepreneurs seriously violate the agreement on the use of the collective trademark. 
  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 13 
 
 
 PART III 
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN TRADEMARKS 
 
Rights of Trademark Owners 
Article 24 
(1) A trademark owner has the exclusive right to affix his goods or services with the 
trademark for which it is registered or use it  in connection with t hose goods or services. 
(2) A trademark owner is authorised to use the "®" mark with the trademark. 
 
Article 25 
(1) Without the authorisation of the tradem ark owner no one may use a sign which is 
identical with or confusingly similar to his trademark for identical or similar goods or 
services for which the trademark has been registered. Accordingly, no one may use this 
sign in connection with these goods or servic es, in particular, affix it on goods or their 
packaging, offer or introduce on the market thus marked goods or packaging, or store 
them for this purpose, import or export goods or their packaging with th is sign or use this 
sign in the trade, corres pondence or advertising. 
(2) The trademark owner is entitled to require information about the origin of goods or 
documents accompanying the goods or services  from everybody introducing or intending 
to introduce on the market goods or services wh ich are marked with a sign identical with 
or confusingly similar to his trademark. Th e trademark owner shall prove his rights by 
presenting the registration certificate or an extract from the Register. 
(3) The trademark owner is authorised to requir e from the publisher of a publication where 
his trademark is reproduced to publish a stat ement that it is a trademark, including the 
registration number of the trademark. 
 
Article 26 
(1) The trademark owner may request from any one to refrain from the use of his trademark 
or sign confusingly similar to his trademark fo r identical or similar goods or services and 
may request that thus marked items be withdrawn from market. 
(2) The owner of a well-known trad emark registered in the Register may enforce his rights 
under paragraph 1 thereof regardless of identity or similarity of the goods or services, provided that use of that trad emark in relation to other goods or services would indicate a 
connection between thus marked goods or servi ces, and the owner of the registered well-
known trademark and provided that the interests of the owner are likely to be damaged by 
such use. 
(3) If the violation of the trademark rights result ed in a damage, the injured party is entitled 
to have his damage compensated. If such viol ation should result in  non-pecuniary injury 
the injured party is entitled to claim reasonable satisfaction which may have a form of 
pecuniary settlement. 
(4) Disputes arising from legal situations in resp ect of trademarks shall be heard and decided 
by the courts. IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 14  
 
  
Article 26a 
(1) On proposal the court is entitled to order th at products, materials or instruments through 
which the infringement or jeopar dising of right protected by th is Act is directly conducted 
be 
a) disposed of outside the channels of commerce, 
b) rendered to plaintiff, 
c) otherwise secured by a method preventing furt her infringement or jeopardising of the 
right; the simple removal of the sign unlawfully affixed shall not be deemed to be the remedy preventing from the furt her infringement of right, 
d) destroyed in a suitable manner at the cost of the person infringing the right, unless a 
more appropriate solu tion is available.  
(2) The proposal of the plaintiff pursuant to paragraph 1(d) in the part related to the manner 
of destruction of objects shall not be binding for the court. 
(3) The court shall not grant the right to submitting the data pursuant to Article 25(2), if the 
seriousness of jeopardising or infringing the right  is disproportionate to the seriousness of 
consequences following from the fulfilment of obligation imposed in this manner.  
 
Article 26b 
(1) When protecting the rights pursuant to this Act, a court by means of preliminary ruling
4b) 
is entitled to impose obligations identical in content with decision on the matter as such in 
case any delay may cause the entitled party damage which can be repaired only with 
difficulties, or non-pecuniary injury. 
(2) Within a preliminary ruling the court is also ex officio entitled to impose on the plaintiff 
an obligation to deposit a fina ncial security in a reasonable amount, or  it is entitled to 
condition the effectiveness of the decision by fulfilment of the imposed obligation. When 
making a decision on the amount of the financ ial security, the court shall take into 
account the scope of pecuniary or non-pecu niary injury which can occur to the 
counterpart, as well as to the financial situation of the plaintiff, where the imposition of the obligation to deposit a financial security shall not create a substantial obstacle for effective enforcement of the right. 
(3) On proposal the court is entitled to decide upon releasing the financ ial security to the 
counterpart, as compensation of pecuniary inju ry or satisfaction of non-pecuniary injury 
caused directly by the enforcem ent of the injunction decision without a reasonable title.  
(4) If within a time limit of six months from the finding of the injury pursuant to paragraph 3, 
the claim to compensation is not exercised before the court or if no agreement of the parties is reached on the use of  the financial security, the court shall return the financial 
security. 
 
 
   IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 15 
 
 
 Article 27  
Limitations of Trademark Rights  
(1) The trademark owner is not entitled to cl aim his rights under Articles 25 and 26 during 
the revocation proceedings of this tr ademark pursuant to Article 16 (4).  
(2) The trademark owner has no right to prohibit to  a third party to use the trademark on the 
goods  which have been introduced on the mark et marked with such trademark by the 
owner himself or with his consent. This provision does not apply if, after having brought 
the goods on the market, an essential change or  deterioration of the state or properties of 
the goods occurred without the owner’s fault. 
 
Article 28  
Obligations in Trademarks 
(1) The trademark owner shall be obliged to us e the trademark, in pa rticular on goods and on 
their packaging or commercial documents; in  promotional, advertising and publicity 
materials, in strict compliance with the form in which it was entered in the Register, or in 
the form differing only in elements that do no t change its distinctive capacity. The use of 
a trademark by a third party on the basis of an agreement is considered as the use of the 
trademark by its owner. 
(2) The trademark owner is obliged to tolerate 
 
a) if a third party uses, in commercial relati ons, the own forename, surname, address or 
indication concerning the ki nd, quality, quantity, purpose, va lue, geographical origin, 
date of production of goods or  providing of services, or other characteristics of goods 
or services despite the fact that they are identical with or confusingly similar to the 
owner’s trademark or create a part thereof; provided that the indications thereof are 
used in accordance with practices of  the trade and good morals of economic 
competition, 
b) if a third party uses, in commercial rela tions, a sign identical with or confusingly 
similar to the owner’s trademark if it is necessary for the designation of the purpose 
of the goods, mainly of their accessories or spare parts, or kind of services, provided 
that it is used in complian ce with practices of the trad e and good morals of economic 
competition, 
c) if an owner of an unregistered sign uses, in  commercial relations, in the same extent, 
an identical or confusingly similar unregis tered sign, where such use started before 
filing date of trademark application. 
 
Article 29 
Assignment and Transfer of Trademarks 
(1) The owner of a trademark may assign his trad emark by a written contract to a natural 
person or a legal entity for all or part of  the goods or services for which it has been 
registered. 
(2) A trademark is transferred to a new owne r in cases given by special regulations. 4)   IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 16  
 
 (3) The contract on the assignment of the trademar k and transfer of a trademark enters into 
force vis-à-vis third parties on the day of its entry in the Register. This entry must be 
requested by the acquirer.  
Article 30 
 License 
(1) The right to use a trademark may be  granted under the licensing contractv in respect of all 
or part of the goods or services for which th e trademark has been registered or only for a 
part thereof. 
(2) The licensing contract enters into force vis-à- vis third parties on the day of its entry in the 
Register. This entry must be requested by the trademark owner. 
(3) The licensing contract which provides for the right to use the sign which is the subject of 
the trademark application shall be deemed to be the licensing contra ct providing the right 
to use the trademark after the sign is register ed, unless the parties to  the licensing contract 
agreed otherwise. 
 
Lien on a Trademark 
Article 31 
(1) A trademark is lienablevi. 
(2) The right of lien on a trademark enters into fo rce on the day of its entry in the Register. 
The entry of the trademark lien must be reque sted by the lienor. Together with the request 
for the entry of the right of lien in the Register  the lienor is obliged to submit to the Office 
the lien agreement with officially certified signatures of the parties. 
 
Article 32 
Forfeiture of trademark and recti fication of trademark owner 
The Office, on proposal, shall forfeit the tradem ark from the trademark owner entered in the 
Register and shall enter the person who pr oposes it as trademark owner provided that 
a) the proposal has been filed by a owner of the foreign trademark (Article 4 (1)(c)), 
b) trademark is identical or confusingly similar to the foreign trademark  and is 
registered for the identical or similar goods or services, 
c) the foreign trademark was registered pursu ant to letter (a) before filing of the 
application of the trademark and 
d) the trademark owner was at the time of filing of application the representative (Article 
4 (1)(c)) of the owner of the foreign tradem ark and filed the trademark application in 
his name without the consent of th e owner of the foreign trademark. 
 
Article 33  
Specific Rights and Obligations  in Collective Trademarks  
(1) The owner of a collective trademark has righ ts and obligations with respect to that 
trademark in the extent as referred to in Articles 24 to 32 unless otherwise provided by the 
Act.  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 17 
 
 
 (2) The members of an association of entreprene urs have the rights under paragraph 1 thereof 
to the extent provided in agreement. 
(3) The members of an association of entreprene urs in pursuing their economic activities are 
entitled to mark goods or serv ices also with their regist ered trademark, or with the 
trademark that they have the right to use on the basis of the licensing contract. 
 
PART  IV 
RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES, 
INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF TRADEMARKS 
 
Article 34  
Relations with Foreign Countries  
(1) The provisions of international treaties, agr eements and conventions by which the Slovak 
Republic is bound, are not affected by this Act.  
(2) Person who have their residence or seat in the territory of the member state of the 
international treaty1a)   or in the territory of the member state of World Trade 
Organization1b) shall have the same rights and obliga tions as the domestic applicants or 
trademark owners; if the state in which the pe rsons have the residence or seat is not the 
member state of the international treaty1a)   or in the territory of the member state of World 
Trade Organization1b) rights and obligations pursuant to th is Act is possible to recognise 
only if the reciprocity condition is met. 
(3) Natural persons and legal entities that do not have their domicile or seat in the Slovak 
Republic must be represented in the trademark procedure by an authorised 
representative8. 
 
International Registration of Trademarks 
Article 35 
(1) Natural persons and legal entitie s having their domicile or seat in the Slovak Republic are 
entitled to apply with the O ffice for the international regi stration of a trademark or  
registration of changes with regard to international registration of a trademark in accordance with the International Convention.
9 
(2) The applicant requesting international registra tion of a trademark or the registration of 
changes with regard to interna tional registration of a trademar k as referred to in paragraph 
1, is obliged to pay fees in accordan ce with the International Convention.9 The Office 
shall publish the fees provided by the In ternational Conventio n in the Journal. 
 
Article 36 
(1) The international registration of a trademark including th e request for providing of 
protection in the Slovak Republic has the same e ffects as the entry of the trademark in the 
Register performed by the Office. IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 18  
 
 (2) The time limit for filing the oppositions against providing of protection to an 
internationally registered trademark begins  on the first day of the month following the 
month in which the trademark was published in  the Gazette of the World Intellectual 
Property Organisation. 
(3) If the protection to an internationally registered trademark has been refused in the Slovak 
Republic, such trademark is deemed to have never been registered in the Slovak Republic. 
 
PART V 
COMMON, TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS 
 
Common Provisions  
Article 37 
The proceedings concerning trademarks sh all be governed by general provisions on 
administrative proceedings10 except the provisions of Articles 19, 23, 28 to 30, 32 to 34, 39, 
49, 50, 59 (1) and Article 60. 
 
Article 38 
(1) The applicant, or the owner of the trademar k shall be the parties to the proceedings 
concerning trademarks or collective trademarks (hereinafter referred to as “Parties to the proceedings”). 
(2) The authorised person who has filed oppositions against the entry of a sign as a trademark 
in the Register pursuant to Article 9, the pe rson authorised pursuant  to Article 32 and the 
person requesting invalidation or revocation of a trademar k registration shall be the 
parties to the proceedings as well. 
 
Article 39 
(1) All submissions addressed to the Office shall be in a written form in the official language. 
(2) A submission shall concern one trademark or  one collective trademark only. In case of 
the request for permission to change the data referring to the person of the owner of a trademark or a collective trademark, a request for registration of assignment or transfer of 
a trademark, a request for registration of a representative or of a change in the 
representative, or a request for correction of an error in the a pplication, in the Register or 
in the Journal, one submission may concern more trademarks of the same owner. 
(3) The provision of paragraph 2 thereof will also apply to identical requests concerning 
more applications of the same trademark owner. 
(4) If the party to the proceedings concerning trademarks who submitted the proposal for the 
starting of the proceedings fails to comply w ith the invitation of the Office requesting to 
remove deficiencies or to amend the filing with in the prescribed period of time, the Office 
shall suspend the proceedings; th e party of the proceedings must be warned to this effect 
in advance. The Office shall also suspend th e proceedings at the request of the person 
who submitted the proposal.  
  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 19 
 
 
 Article 40 
Further processing 
(1) On the basis of the request of the party to the proceedings on extension of the time limit 
set by the Office for performing an act, while such request has been filed before the 
expiry of such a time limit, the Office is entitled to extend the relevant time limit. 
(2) If a party to the proceedings before the Offi ce has failed to comply with the time limit set 
by the Office for performing an act, he is enti tled to ask the Office for further processing 
and at the same time perform the omitted act no  later than two months from the delivery 
of the Office decision issued as a consequence of failure to comply with the time limit.  
(3) The Office shall refuse a request pursuant to  paragraph 1 or 2 in case of time limits 
pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2, Arti cles 6(3), Article 9, Article 10 (2) and (4), Article 13 (2) , 
Article 17 (3), Article 40a (1) and Article 42 (1)  and in case of  failure to comply of time 
limits pursuant to Article 10 (3). 
(4) The Office shall refuse the request for extens ion of time limits or for further processing 
which fails to comply with conditions pursuan t to paragraphs 1 or 2 or to which a ban 
pursuant to paragraph applies; before the refusal of the request the Office shall enable the person who requests it to react to  the ascertained reasons on the basis of which it is to be 
refused. 
(5) If the Office grants request for further proces sing the legal effects of the decision issued 
as a consequence of failure to comply with time limit shall be retracted or shall not ensue.  
(6) If the Office fails to make a decision about refusing the request pursuant to paragraphs 1 
or 2 within two months from its delivery, the request shall be deemed to be granted.  
 
Article 40a 
Restitutio in integrum 
(1) If the party to the proceedings before the Office without causing it himself has failed to 
comply with the statutory time limit or the time limit set by the Office for performing an act where a consequence of non-performance of  the act is suspensi on of the proceedings 
or another right is lost, he is  entitled to ask the Office for restitutio in integrum  and at the 
same time perform the omitted act within two months from the removal of the cause for 
which he could not perform the act, however, no  later than within 12 months from the 
expiry of the non-complied time limit. 
(2) The party to the proceedings shall justify th e request pursuant to paragraph 1 and state 
particularly the facts, whic h had prevented the performan ce of the action. Statements 
submitted after the expiry of any of the time limits pursuant to paragraph 1 shall not be 
taken into consideration by the Office when  making a decision about the request.  
(3) In case of reasonable doubt a bout the veracity of the stat ement pursuant to paragraph 3 
the Office may ask the applicant to prove his statements. 
(4) Request for restitutio in integrum  shall not be granted in case of failure to comply with 
the time limits for performance of th e act pursuant to Article 40 (3). 
(5) The Office shall refuse the request for restitutio in integrum  which fails to meet 
conditions pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2, or  to which the ban pursuant to paragraph 4 
applies or the person who requests has not prove n his statements pursuant to paragraph 3; IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 20  
 
 before the refusal of the request the Office sh all enable the person w ho requests it to react 
to the ascertained reasons on the basi s of which it is to be refused. 
(6) If the Office grants the request for restitutio in integrum , the legal effects of the decision 
issued as a consequence of failure to comply with the time limit shall be retracted or shall 
not ensue.  
(7) Third party that, that in the territory of th e Slovak Republic, has use the sign identical or 
confusingly similar to the applied sign or tr ademark in good faith in the period since the 
validity of the decision issued as a consequenc e of failure to comply with the time limit 
until the cessation of legal effects of this deci sion pursuant to paragraph 6, is entitled to 
use this sign within its busi ness activity without the obligat ion for remuneration for the us 
of the sign.  
 
Article 40b 
Grounds for the decision 
(1) Parties to the administrative proceedings before the Office shall be obliged to submit or 
indicate evidence in sup port of their statements. 
(2) The Office shall develop the evidence and eval uate the evidence at its discretion, namely 
each of them separately and all of them in their mutual relationships. 
(3) The Office shall decide on the basis of th e facts of the case ascertained from the 
developed evidence submitted or indicated by the parties. 
 
Article 41 
(1) Upon the request, the Office may permit a third party to inspect the file if this party 
proves a legal interest. 
(2) Right for a file inspection shall include a right for making photocopies for the fee. 
(3) On the basis of a request of applicant or tr ademark owner those parts of the file which 
contain trade secret or other important info rmation which publication is not necessary for 
a guarantee of the right for an information of  third parties including the parties to the 
proceedings shall be excluded form the file inspection. 
(4) Rights pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not be exercised in relation to the parts of the 
file kept confidential according to the para graph 3, to the record on voting and to those 
parts of the file containing ancillary notes or draft versions of decisions or other 
correspondence. 
Article 42  
Remedies 
(1) An appeal against the decision of the Offi ce may be filed within 30 days from the 
delivery of the decision.  
(2) When making decisions on the appeal the O ffice shall be bound by its  scope; this shall 
not apply 
a) in matters in which proceedings  can be started ex officio, 
b) in case of joint rights or obligations concerning several parties on one side.  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 21 
 
 
 (3) Filing an appeal remonstrati on shall not be admissible ag ainst a decision on which a 
request for further processing or request for restitutio in integrum is granted.  
 
Article 43 
(1) The Office shall keep the Register wherein important data concerning trademarks are 
entered. The Register is pub lic and open to inspection. 
(2) Data entered in the registers pursuant to pa ragraph 1 shall be cons idered valid, unless a 
decision of the relevant authority determines otherwise.  
(3) Change of data entered in th e register, following from valid  and enforceable decision of 
the court, shall be entered in the register  without delay by the O ffice on delivery of the 
court decision with validity clause. 
(4) Entry of data and facts following from the ope ration of the law or from a decision of the 
relevant authority shall not be considered a decision issued in the proceedings pursuant to 
a general provisions on administrative proceedings 10. 
(5) The Office publishes the Journal wherein applications for trademarks and collective 
trademarks pursuant to Article 8 (5), as well as  entries and renewals of registrations of 
trademarks and changes in data concerning trademarks which have been performed after the entry of the trademark in the Register, are published. 
 
Provision of Authorisation  
Article 44 
The Office shall lay down  by means of the generally binding Decree: 
a) detailed procedure for filing of appl ication and division al application , 
b) detailed formalities of the contract concerning the use of a collective trademark, 
c) detailed formalities concerning the documents proving the acquisition of distinctive 
character of a trademark, 
d) data in publishing of the tradem ark application in  the Journal, 
e) detailed formalities of the oppositions against the entry of a sign in  the Register as a 
trademark, 
f) data entered in the Register  and published in the Journa l after the registration of a 
trademark, 
g) detailed formalities of the certificate, the dupl icate, the extract from the Register and 
the certificate of the priority right, 
h) detailed formalities of request for  the entry of other data in the Register, 
i) detailed formalities concerning the request for invalidation and revocation of a 
trademark registration 
j) detailed procedure for filing request for renewal of trademark registration, 
k) details on keeping of records concerning trademark applications and registered 
trademarks, IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
Page 22  
 
 l) details concerning co rrection of errors, 
m) detailed procedure for filing of application for registration of international trademarks 
and request for the entry of changes in the International Re gister of Marks. 
n) details on communication to the Office, delivery and on submission by electronic 
means. 
Article 45 
Transitional Provisions 
(1) The proceedings on applications of trademarks, th at are pending as of the date of this Act 
entering into force, will be pursued in accordan ce with this Act, where the applicant shall 
be obliged to amend his application in comp liance with the provisi ons laid down by this 
Act within a prescribed period of time. 
(2) The rights and relations in trademarks registered in the Register prior to the entry into 
force of this Act shall be govern ed by the provisions of this Act. The rise of these rights 
and relations as well as the claims arising ther eof prior to the entry into force of this Act 
shall be exercised according to the regulations  valid at the time of their establishment. 
(3) The owner of a trademark which was declared  as famous by the Office pursuant to the 
previous regulations, may request the revoca tion from the Register of identical or 
confusingly similar trademarks under the condi tions referred to in Article 23 (3) of the 
Act No. 174/1988 Coll. on Trademarks within the validity period of the trademark; but at 
the latest within ten years from the entry into  force of this Act. Within this period the 
owner of a famous trademark may also file  the oppositions against the entry of an 
identical or confusingly similar sign in the Re gister pursuant to Article 9, regardless of the 
goods or services for which the opposed sign is filed for registration. 
(4) If the Office ascertains that  the famous trademark does not fulfil requirements listed in 
Article 18 (1) of the Act No. 174/1988 Coll. on trademarks, it shall revoke the decision on 
the declaration of the trademark to be famous. 
 
Article 46 
Repealed Provisions 
The following regulations shall be repealed: 
1.Act No. 174/1988 Coll. on Trademarks, 
2. Decree of the Invention and Discovery Office No. 187/1988 Coll. on Proceedings in  
Trademarks, 
3. Article II. of the Act of the National Council of the Sl ovak Republic No. 90/1993 Coll. on 
Measures in the Field of Industrial Property  
 
Article 47 
Effectiveness 
This Act shall become effective on January 1st, 2002. 
  IP/N/1/SVK/T/4 
 Page 23 
 
 
 Notes: 
 
                                                      
i e.g. Article 20(f) to 20(j) of Civil Code, Article 69 of  Act No. 455/1991 Coll. Trade Licensing Act as amended, 
Act No. 83/1990 Coll. on  citi zens associations as amended 
1a) Paris Convention on the Industrial Property Protection from March 20, 1883, revised in Brussels on 
December 14, 1900; in Washington, D.C. on June 2, 1911;  in The Hague on November 6, 1925; in London on 
June 2, 1934; in Lisbon on October 31, 1958 and in Stockholm on June 14, 1967, promulgated by the Decree of 
the Minister of Foreign Affairs No. 64/1975 Coll. and amended by the Decree of the Minister of Foreign Affairs No. 81/1985 Coll. 
1b) Communication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Slovak Republic No. 152/200 Coll. on 
concluding the Agreement Establis hing the World Trade Organization  
1c) e. g. Articles 566 to 590 and 642 to 672 of the Commercial Code 
1d) Articles 44 to 55 of the Commercial Code 
ii Article 6bis of the Paris Convention on the Industrial Property Protection from March 20, 1883, revised in 
Brussels on December 14, 1900; in Washington, D.C. on June 2, 1911; in The Hague on November 6, 1925; in London on June 2, 1934; in Lisbon on October 31, 1958 and in Stockholm on July 14, 1967, promulgated by the 
Decree of the Minister of Foreign Affairs No. 64/1975 Coll. and wording by the Decree of the Minister of 
Foreign Affairs No. 81/1985 Coll. 
iii The Nice Convention on International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of Mark 
Registration from June 15, 1957; revised in Stockholm on July 14, 1967 and in Geneva on May 13, 1977, 
promulgated by the Decree of the Minister of Foreign Affairs No. 118/1979 Coll. and amended by the Decree of the Minister of Foreign Affairs No. 77/1985 Coll.. 
iv e. g.  Articles 69, 479  and 487 of the Commercial Code, Article 460 and 469 of the Civil Code, Article 12 to 
17 of the Act No. 111/1990 Coll. on state enterprise as amended 
4a) Decree of the Industrial Property O ffice of the Slovak Republic No. 117/1997 Coll, on implementation of the 
Act No. 55/1997 Coll. on trademarks 
4b) Articles 74 to 77 and Article 102 of The Rules of Civil Procedure 
v Article 508 and following of the Trade Code 
vi Article 151a and following of the Civil Code, Article 297 and following of the Commercial Code 
8 Article 40 of the Act No. 237/1991 Coll.  on Patent Representatives as amended 
9 Madrid Convention on International Registration of Manufacturing or Trademarks from April 14, 1891; 
revised in Brussels on December 14, 19 00; in Washington, D.C. on June 2, 1911; in The Hague on November 6, 
1925; in London on June 2, 1934; in Nice on June 15, 1957 and in Stockholm on July 14, 1967 promulgated by 
the Decree of the Minister of Foreig n Affairs No. 65/1975 Coll. amended by the Decree of the Minister of 
Foreign Affairs No. 78/1985 Coll. 
10 Act No. 71/1967 Coll. On Administrative Proceedings (the Administrative Code) 
 
__________