WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/MIN(03)/3
14 August 2003
(02-4227)
MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE
Fifth Session
Cancún, 10 – 14 September 2003
REPORT BY THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL: PARAGRAPH 41
OF THE DOHA MINISTERIAL DECLARATION
Page N°
I. INTRODUCT ION .......................................................................................................3
II. THE COMMITMENTS REFERRE D TO IN P ARAGRAPH 41 ...........................4
A. TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING (PARAGRAPH 38) ......................5
B. TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING (PARAGRAPH 39) .......................6
(a) Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance
to Least-Developed Countries........................................................................6
(b) Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP)......................8
(c) Cooperation with the OECD Development Assistance Committee
(OECD- DAC) ..................................................................................................8
C. MARKET ACCESS FOR NON -AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (PARAGRAPH 16).....................8
D. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE AND INVESTMENT (PARAGRAPH 21) ..........................9
E. INTERACTION BETWEEN TRADE AND COMPETITION POLICY  (PARAGRAPH 24) ...........10
F. TRANSPARENCY IN GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT (PARAGRAPH 26) ..........................11
G. TRADE FACILITATION (PARAGRAPH 27).......................................................................11
H. TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT (PARAGRAPH 33)..............................................................12
I. LEAST -DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (PARAGRAPHS 42 AND 43 )........................................12
J. OTHER TOPIC -SPECIFIC TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING
ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................................13
(i) Agriculture .....................................................................................................13
(ii) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures ...........................................................13
(iii) Textiles and clothing ......................................................................................14
(iv) Technical barriers to trade ............................................................................14
(v) Customs valuation ..........................................................................................15
(vi) Trade remedies ...............................................................................................15
(vii) Trade in services ............................................................................................15
(viii) Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ....................................16
(ix) Dispute settlement ..........................................................................................16WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 2
(x) Countries in accession ...................................................................................17
(xi) Partnerships for training and capacity building: an integrated
approach .........................................................................................................17
(xii) Reference centres ...........................................................................................18
(xiii) Geneva Week ..................................................................................................18
(xiv) Outreach activities (Parliaments and civil society) .......................................18
(xv) Internship .......................................................................................................18
K. S USTAINABLY FINANCED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY -BUILDING
PROGRAMMES ...............................................................................................................19
III. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK...............................................................20
ANNEX I ........................................................................................................................ ........................ 23
ANNEX II ....................................................................................................................... ........................ 28
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA GLOBAL TRUST FUND........... 28WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 3
I. INTRODUCTION
1. In accordance with the mandate contained in paragraph 41 of the Doha Ministerial
Declaration, I am presenting my report to the Fifth Session of the Ministerial Conference.  It covers
the implementation and adequacy of the commitments  undertaken in specific paragraphs of the Doha
Ministerial Declaration.  An interim report was submitted to the General Council in December 2002(document WT/GC/W/484).
1
2. The present report focuses on the collective efforts of the WTO Secretariat in the delivery of
training, technical cooperation, and capacity building in response to the Doha mandate since the
Fourth Session of the Ministerial Conference.  The strategic partnerships that have been built with
partner institutions, other international organizations, as well as with regional development banks
have proven to be very beneficial in planning and executing technical assistance and training
activities.  Memoranda of Understanding have been signed to this effect with a number ofinternational organizations and partners, including, most recently with UNCTAD.  Synergies were
developed among all stakeholders, including donors and beneficiaries.  Our partners have contributed
greatly to fulfilling the mandate given by Ministers to assist countries in building cumulative and
sustainable capacity.  Regular meetings were organised with heads of agencies as well as with senior
management of these bodies, international organizations, partner institutions, and regionaldevelopment banks, both in Geneva and in various headquarters.  Moreover, to stay fully in touch
with the realities in beneficiary countries and stakeholders, official meetings with Ministers from all
regions were held.
3. Special efforts have been made to assist least-developed countries to integrate into the
multilateral trading system.
2  They continue to have priority in the WTO's training and technical
assistance programmes.  Consequently, the number of technical assistance and training activities for
LDCs has increased significantly to 265 in the current year, an increase of almost 50 per cent over
2002.  Moreover, priority attention is accorded to small, vulnerable, and transition economies, as well
as to Members and Observers without representation in Geneva, for whom specific activities have
been designed and implemented.
4. Considerable progress has also been made in securing funding for WTO's technical assistance
and training programmes. The establishment of the Doha Development Agenda Global Trust Fund
(DDAGTF) and the contributions and pledges made by the Members have been instrumental in
fulfilling the Doha mandate.  I am counting on Members’ continuing support for the Global Trust
Fund, which has significantly complemented the regular budget, to provide a stable and predictable
source of funding for the Secretariat's training and technical assistance activities.
5. Within the WTO Secretariat, the Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation (ITTC) was
established. The main purpose of this is to maximize synergies between training and technical
cooperation, which essentially are two sides of the same coin and are geared towards enhancing
institutional and human capacity in beneficiary countries to address trade policy issues.  The
Technical Assistance Management Committee (TAMC), representing all WTO divisions, has
continued to serve as a useful mechanism for coordination, monitoring and generating innovations.
                                                     
1 Furthermore, at the forty-third session of the Committee on Trade and Development on 22 November
2002, the Secretariat was committed to providing quarterly status reports on the implementation of the
Technical Assistance Plan.   The first report, covering the first quarter of 2003, was presented to Members inSpring 2003 (WT/COMTD/W/112).  Information regard ing technical assistance and training activities
undertaken in the second quarter is made available in document WT/COMTD/W/118 dated 23 July 2003.
Finally, it is recalled that, in February 2003, the Secretariat provided Members with a detailed report covering
the implementation of technical assistance in 2002 (WT/COMTD/W/101/Add.4).
2 Ministers are also invited to consider the Director-General's report on paragraph 43 of the Doha
Declaration on Least-Developed Countries, contained in document WT/MIN(03)/1.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 4
Moreover, a Technical Cooperation Audit Unit was es tablished in 2001 and, as a result, monitoring
and evaluation (M&E) of technical assistance and training programmes is now an integral part of the
activities themselves.  This is essential in light of the growth of the number of  activities, but it also
recognises evaluation as a management function and encourages programme managers to integrate
evaluative information into the process of policy formulation and decision making.
6. This report provides a systematic review of all the commitments contained in Paragraph 41 of
the Ministerial Declaration, and assesses how the requ irements in the specific mandate have been met.
It starts with a broad overview of the technical cooperation and capacity-building activities referred to
in paragraphs 38 and 39, before turning to the more specific commitments contained in the other
paragraphs referred to in the Doha Declaration, as well as to all relevant training and technical
cooperation activities and programmes of the WTO.  In the concluding Chapter I will provide a brief
overall assessment.  Specific information is provided in Annex I which summarises data on all TRTAactivities conducted in the year 2002 and the first semester of 2003, and Annex II which provides
financial data.  Members may also find it useful to refer again to the 2002 annual report of
the Technical Cooperation Audit (WT/COMTD/W/111).
I. THE COMMITMENTS REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 41
3
7. Paragraph 41 of the Ministerial Declaration sets out the broad mandate for technical
assistance and training to be provided by the WTO Secretariat and makes reference to the more
specific commitments contained in the Declaration.  As pointed out in my interim report, the
challenges for the Secretariat in the area of technical cooperation and training were unprecedented.
This was due to the high number of requests for assistance, the ever expanding priorities, increasing
cooperation with all stakeholders, an ever growing interest in the WTO on the part of all layers ofsociety, a rapidly evolving multilateral trading system, and the complexity of the subject matter of the
negotiations and work programme.
8. The implication of these developments is that the Secretariat is continuously adapting the
range of training and technical assistance products to new circumstances and requirements, focusing
as much as possible on building lasting capacity, rather than merely increasing the number ofactivities.  The Technical Assistance and Training Plan for 2004 will thus increasingly focus on a
strategic product and quality approach, and will provide clear indications as to how the TRTA
Programme for the second stage of the negotiations will be designed and pursued.
                                                     
3 Paragraph 41 of the Ministerial Declaration states: ''We have established firm commitments on
technical cooperation and capacity building in various paragraphs in this Ministerial Declaration.  We reaffirm
these specific commitments contained in paragraphs 16, 21, 24, 26, 27, 33, 38-40, 42 and 43, and also reaffirm
the understanding in paragraph 2 on the important role of sustainably financed technical assistance and capacity-
building programmes.  We instruct the Director-General to report to the Fifth Session of the MinisterialConference, with an interim report to the General Council in December 2002 on the implementation andadequacy of these commitments in the identified paragraphs".WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 5
A. TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING (PARAGRAPH 38) 4
9. The WTO Technical Assistance Plans for 2002 and 2003 have provided the basis for training
and technical cooperation activities.  The design and delivery of WTO technical assistance was geared
towards meeting the requirements set out in paragraph 38 of the Ministerial Declaration.  This has
been done both within the framework defined by the TA Plans for 2002 and 2003 as well as throughadditional activities which have been conducted in response to specific requests by Members.
5
10. The number of technical cooperation and training activities undertaken since the launch of the
negotiations has been unprecedented.  It is recalled that a total of 514 activities were contained in the
2002 TA Plan.  A total of 488 activities were undertaken, including planned and unforeseen activities.
Due to the initial absence of adequate funding, as well as the fact that planning was still under way at
the beginning of the year, the implementation of activities was initially delayed, but the
implementation rate was accelerated in the course of the year.  Currently, the TA Plan for 2003contains 441 activities.  As of now, at mid-year, a total of 188 field activities have been undertaken,
including unforeseen activities.  This has been achieved despite the difficult circumstances relating to
the uncertain situation in the Gulf region, health alerts in Asia, instability/security concerns in some
beneficiary Members, and late requests to postpone activities that were already scheduled to take
place.  This performance is mostly due to a strong commitment on the part of the Secretariat andpartner agencies to assist Members and acceding countries in the preparatory process for Cancún.
The tables presented in Annex I provide an overview of the subject and regional coverage.
11. Since the Ministerial Meeting in November 2001, some 700 technical assistance and training
activities covering all topics and all regions, have been implemented, involving thousands of mission
days of WTO staff members and other officials of partner institutions, and reaching an audience ofapproximately 25,000 participants.  More importantly, the evaluation and feedback mechanisms that
have been established clearly suggest that, in most cases, the set objectives of the assistance and
training provided were attained.  This will be shown below, when the specific commitments are
assessed.
12. In addition to activities related to the Integrated Framework (IF) or the Joint Integrated
Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP), considerable efforts have been undertaken by the WTO
Secretariat, jointly with partner institutions, donors and stakeholders, to provide support to
beneficiaries in their determination to mainstream trade into national plans for economic development
and assist in their strategies for poverty reduction.  Both targeted and more general training and
technical assistance have been provided in the form of technical missions, national/regional seminars,
briefings, inter-organisation working events, participation in symposia, conferences, high-level
meetings with Ministers and Heads of State, and meetings with senior officials. Trade Policy Review
                                                     
4 Paragraph 38 states:  "We confirm that technical cooperation and capacity building are core elements
of the development dimension of the multilateral trading system, and we welcome and endorse the New Strategy
for WTO Technical Cooperation for Capacity Building, Growth and Integration.  We instruct the Secretariat, in
coordination with other relevant agencies, to support domestic efforts for mainstreaming trade into nationalplans for economic development and strategies for poverty reduction.  The delivery of WTO technical assistanceshall be designed to assist developing and least-developed countries and low-income countries in transition toadjust to WTO rules and disciplines, implement obligations and exercise the rights of membership, including
drawing on the benefits of an open, rules-based multilateral trading system.  Priority shall also be accorded to
small, vulnerable, and transition economies, as well as to Members and Observers without representation inGeneva.  We reaffirm our support for the valuable work of the International Trade Centre, which should beenhanced".
5 Reference should be made to the High Level Meeting on Technical Cooperation and Training, which
was held on 16 July 2002 to consider technical cooperation and training in light of commitments made in the
Doha Development Agenda.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 6
missions, often complemented by technical assistance side activities, have also constituted
opportunities to reinforce the importance of main streaming trade into national plans for economic
development and strategies for poverty reduction.  Moreover, the development dimension has
continuously been highlighted in WTO's technical assistance and capacity building activities.  Over
100 activities have related to the issue of "mainstreaming".
13. Particular efforts have been undertaken to build capacity through Geneva-based training,
complemented by regional trade policy courses.  One of the successes of the WTO has been the
intensive 12-week training course conducted in Geneva for government officials in the three WTO
languages. This course provides a solid foundation of knowledge on the whole range of WTO issues
and agreements and has been very well received.  Since expansion in Geneva is not feasible in the
near future, this course is now also organized regionally, building on cooperative arrangements with
local universities in developing countries.    There are four main interlocking elements that add valueto technical cooperation and training in an innovative way:  they pave the way for institutional
capacity building in the region;  they engage academ ics and trade policy specialists from the region in
WTO-relevant activities, thus building institutional relations with the academic community;  they
offer a regional perspective on the issues at stake in the WTO; and they foster an exchange of ideas
and points of view not only between WTO lecturers and their regional partners, but also among theparticipants.  It should be recalled that the first regional trade policy courses took place in Africa:  two
in Kenya (Nairobi) and one in Casablanca (Morocco).
14. In addition,  several specialized courses that focu s on specific topics and last up to two weeks
were held.  An illustration of the Secretariat’s efforts in this area, more specifically geared towards
assisting Members and countries in accession in the negotiations on the Doha Development Agenda,is the series of training courses that were held for high-level government officials.  The Advanced
Training Programme focuses on the training of trade negotiators, and more systematically on the
issues central to the Doha Development Agenda.  The main purpose of the programme is to strengthen
these countries' effective participation in the Do ha negotiations and work programme through policy
analysis, a deeper understanding of the issues involved, and a better knowledge of the range ofoptions available.
15. Furthermore, introduction courses were held, wh ich last between one and three weeks; and
one-day introduction courses, which are mainly for delegates newly arrived in Geneva and usually
held three to four times a year.  All in all, a total of 275 officials were trained in these courses in 2002.
This number is likely to increase to over 300 in 2003.
B. 
TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING (PARAGRAPH 39)6
(a) Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Techni cal Assistance to Least-Developed Countries
16. The Integrated Framework (IF) is a partnership for the least-developed countries between the
IF core multilateral agencies (IMF, ITC, UNCTAD, UNDP, World Bank and WTO), bilateral donors,
and the LDCs themselves and addresses both the technical assistance and the policy side of the trade
agenda.
                                                     
6 Paragraph 39 states:  "We underscore the urgent necessity for the effective coordinated delivery of
technical assistance with bilateral donors, in the OECD Development Assistance Committee and relevant
international and regional intergovernmental institutions, within a coherent policy framework and timetable. In
the coordinated delivery of technical assistance, we inst ruct the Director-General to consult with the relevant
agencies, bilateral donors and beneficiaries, to identify ways of enhancing and rationalizing the IntegratedFramework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least-Developed Countries and the Joint IntegratedTechnical Assistance Programme (JITAP)".WT/MIN(03)/3
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17. The Integrated Framework has two objectives: it seeks to integrate trade priorities into LDCs'
national development plans and poverty reduction strategies, and it assists in the coordinated delivery
of trade-related assistance.  It can be considered the principal mechanism for LDCs to integrate
priority national trade policy objectives, and related assistance needs to overcome obstacles to
achieving these objectives, into national development plans such as the Poverty Reduction StrategyPapers (PRSPs).  The IF also serves as a catalyst for the coordinated delivery of trade assistance and is
a facilitating mechanism to identify necessary funding.  Since the Fourth Ministerial Conference,
substantial progress has been made in the IF.
18. The IF currently applies to nineteen LDCs.
7  In its current phase, Implementation Meetings
with the donor community were so far held in Cambodia, Mauritania and Senegal where specific
trade-related capacity building activities were held and/or planned.  The process of implementation is
advancing particularly well in Cambodia.  Cambodia has taken full ownership of the IF process anddirected considerable efforts to mainstream trade into its national poverty reduction strategies.  This
has also positively contributed to mobilising the necessary donor funding for the implementation of IF
related projects.  Furthermore, the dynamics generated in Cambodia's accession to the WTO means
that Cambodia is expected to be welcomed as a new WTO Member in Cancún.  In Mauritania the
meeting resulted in an ongoing dialogue between the country's authorities and its developmentpartners on financing certain trade-related activities.  This country was also the first to benefit from
project funding out of the Integrated Framew ork Trust Fund.  The Donor meeting in Senegal
successfully resulted in donors' increased focus on Senegal's trade-related assistance needs and
showed the considerable existing efforts in this field by the international development community.
After a pause, Madagascar held its first IF-related  meeting this summer with national stakeholders and
the donor community which was attended at the highest political level.  Other such meetings with
national stakeholders were held in Lesotho, Nepal and Yemen.  These will be followed by donor
meetings.
19. A number of countries have expressed an interest in joining the IF.  These countries are:
Angola, Benin, Chad, Burkina Faso, Maldives, Mo zambique, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Lao
PDR, Sudan, Togo, and Zambia.   At its meetin g in July 2003, the Integrated Framework Working
Group (IFWG) reconfirmed the criteria for selection of new countries, including: (i) demonstration of
strong commitment by the government to integrat e trade into its national development strategy such
as its PRSP; (ii) completion of the preparatory stage of such a strategy; (iii) completion of the
preparatory stage of upcoming World Bank C onsultative Group or UNDP Round Table meetings; and
(iv) a conducive operational country environment.  As a first step, technical reviews will be
undertaken by the World Bank in each applying country to assess whether these criteria are met.  TheWorld Bank has already undertaken technical assessments for Angola, Benin, Chad, Lao PDR, Sao
Tome and Principe, Togo and Zambia.  The IFWG agreed that the World Bank would commence
technical reviews for Burkina Faso, the Gambia, Maldives, Rwanda, and Sudan and encouraged
Mozambique to continue its preparatory process.  At their third Meeting on 10 July 2003, the Heads
and representatives of the six agencies expressed their support for the extension of the IF to moreLDCs, following completion of the evaluation of the IF now under way, and committed to providing
assistance to help applying LDCs prepare the gr ound for their participation in the IF through pre-
DTIS activities.
8
                                                     
7 Fourteen under its current phase:  Burundi, Cambodia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Guinea, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Nepal, Senegal,  Yemen and Eritrea.  Follow-up activities pursuant to
Round Table meetings held under the IF prior to its restructuring are undertaken in Bangladesh,  the Gambia,
Haiti, Tanzania and  Uganda .
8 The communiqué adopted at the Third Heads of Agency Meeting is contained in document
WT/IFSC/5WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 8
(b) Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP)
20. The Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP) for Selected African and
Least-Developed Countries is a major capacity- building programme put in place by WTO, UNCTAD
and ITC to address trade-related capacity constraints of African countries.  The evaluation of April
2002 confirmed that JITAP had made an important contribution by enabling many of the participatingcountries to play a fuller role in the multilateral trading system  and the on-going negotiations, and
that it had also contributed to developing a more holistic and comprehensive view of trade issues in
participating countries. It was viewed as a model for possible replication elsewhere.
21. JITAP has  progressed in five substantive areas, namely: (i) human resources development;
(ii) domesticating the multilateral trading system; (iii) policy development;  (iv) trade infrastructure;
and (v) export strategy development, as a way of exploiting market access opportunities.  The
sustainable elements of JITAP include: (i) the Inter-Institutional Committees;  (ii) the ReferenceCentres;  (iii) training; and (iv) building capacity for export-sector strategy development.  These
elements have contributed to the success of JITAP.
22. The first phase of JITAP (JITAP I) covered eight African countries, namely Benin,
Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Tunisia, Uganda and Tanzania.  Thirteen donors
contributed US$10 million to the overall budget.  JITAP I ended in December 2002, and JITAP II was
launched in January 2003.  JITAP II will run for four years and cover eight additional countries,
namely Botswana, Cameroon, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Senegal and Zambia.  The
estimated budget is US$12.6 million.  The 16 countries involved in the new phase of JITAP represent
a careful balance among LDCs, non-LDCs, different sub-regions of Africa and diverse linguistic
groupings.
(c) Cooperation with the OECD Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC)
23. Cooperative efforts with the OECD Development Assistance Committee have been
strengthened.  The WTO Secretariat and the OECD Secretariat, together with other technical
assistance and capacity-building providers, developed a comprehensive, accessible, user-friendly, and
transparent tool to be provided to the interna tional development and trade communities.  The Doha
Development Agenda Trade Capacity Building Database (TCBDB), while only one step forward in
the search for enhanced multilateral and bilateral collaboration and coherence, constitutes a concrete
assistance measure for the development and trade policy communities to achieve a higher degree of
co-ordination and coherence, avoid duplication, share information, and monitor the implementation of
commitments registered in the Doha Ministerial Declaration.  The TCBDB and associated reports
were presented in November 2002 in the First Joint WTO/OECD Report on Trade-Related Technical
Assistance and Capacity-Building as a contribution to improved management of trade capacitybuilding. The Second Joint WTO/OECD Report on Trade-Related Technical Assistance and Capacity
Building activities for the years 2001, 2002 and part of 2003 will be presented at the Cancún
Ministerial Meeting.
C. 
MARKET ACCESS FOR NON -AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (PARAGRAPH 16)9
24. Members have made considerable progress in enhancing their understanding of each other’s
positions.  A substantial number of Members, including developing countries, least-developed
countries, economies in transition, and small economies, have taken an increasingly active part in the
consideration of possible modalities for negotiations on market access for non-agricultural products.
                                                     
9 Paragraph 16 states:  "... the modalities to be agreed will include appropriate studies and capacity-
building measures to assist least-developed countries to participate effectively in the negotiations".WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 9
This development provides evidence that capacity-building measures are starting to have a positive
impact on the effective participation of least-developed countries in  the negotiations.
25. To assist least-developed countries, inter alia , to participate effectively in the negotiations,
the Secretariat has prepared several notes.  The study on “Market access issues related to products of
export interest originating from least-developed countries” particularly addresses the commitmentcontained in paragraph 16 of the Declaration.  Th is analytical work complements previous studies,
such as a study entitled "Tariff negotiations and renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO:
Procedures and Practices", prepared by the Secretariat.
26. As a complement to the assistance initiatives undertaken by Members and as part of the TA
Plans for 2002 and 2003, the WTO Secretariat conducted a number of capacity-building activities to
assist least-developed countries, inter alia , in preparing for and participating in the negotiations.
These activities were delivered in different formats: seminars, national technical workshops,specialized workshops, intensive negotiation-oriented training for negotiators, multilateral inter-
agency intervention, such as for the Integrated  Framework, and other inter-agency cooperation
agreements.
27. Specific training activities in negotiating techniques, including simulations of tariff
negotiations, have been conducted, both in the field and in Geneva.  Participation of representatives ofleast-developed countries in these training activities has been increased and facilitated.  In another
field of activity, the prototype of a “toolkit for negotiators” is being developed in cooperation with the
Inter-American Development Bank and the Central-American Integration Secretariat (SIECA), to
assist in particular small delegations, notably from least-developed countries, to carry out the
analytical work involved in the preparation of offers and requests, as well as to get a better grasp ofnegotiation processes involving the drafting of consen sus texts.  Considerable efforts have been made,
with the financial support of bilateral donors, to develop the Integrated Data Base (IDB) and adapt it
to the particular needs of participants in tariff negotiations.  Complementary work has also been done
with regard to the Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.
D. 
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE AND INVESTMENT (PARAGRAPH 21)10
28. To assist in evaluating the implications of closer multilateral cooperation for developing and
least-developed countries’ development polici es and objectives and human and institutional
development, the Secretariat has undertaken all mandated analytical notes.  Moreover, UNCTAD has
prepared specific policy analysis on issues of relevance to developing countries in the post-Doha
investment environment.
29. The WTO Secretariat has, jointly with UNCTAD and occasionally with other organizations,
conducted a number of capacity-building activities as part of the TA Plans for 2002 and 2003.  Fourtypes of joint WTO-UNCTAD activities were held: (i) regional seminars for relatively high-level
representatives dealing with investment, with a focus on clarifying the essential issues of a
negotiation; (ii) national seminars with the same focus; (iii) technical workshops back-to-back with
WGTI meetings, dealing essentia lly with issues of the meeting itself; and, (iv) WTO staff
                                                     
10 Paragraph 21 states:  "We recognize the needs of developing and least-developed countries for
enhanced support for technical assistance and capacity building in this area, including policy analysis and
development so that they may better evaluate the im plications of closer multilateral cooperation for their
development policies and objectives, and human and institution development.  To this end, we shall work in
cooperation with other relevant intergovernmental organisations, including UNCTAD, and through appropriateregional and bilateral channels, to provide strengthened and adequately resourced assistance to respond to these
needs".WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 10
participation in UNCTAD training courses for bilateral investment agreements negotiators, with a
module on the multilateral dimension.
30. There has been a very high rate of implementation of the agreed programme for 2002 and
2003, with nearly all of the planned activities implemented.  More than half of all activities were
conducted in favour of least-developed countries; some 700 officials and a substantial number ofprivate sector representatives have participated in one or more of such activities.  From a qualitative
point of view, the feedback received both during Working Group meetings and evaluations conducted
during seminars indicate that the seminars fulfilled their aim of bringing developing countries up to
speed on the key investment issues on which they will be asked to express a position in Cancún.  At
the same time beneficiaries have made the point that there was still much to be learned about the
implications of a possible multilateral investment framework and its impact on investment plans and
national policies, and the need to continue and expand the technical assistance programme beyondCancún.  The feedback received through the back to office reports confirm that the technical
assistance provided — and the level of cooperat ion with UNCTAD — has placed governments in a
better position to evaluate the implications of cl oser multilateral cooperation in investment, and to
take informed decisions on future investment-related work at Cancún.
E. 
INTERACTION BETWEEN TRADE AND COMPETITION POLICY  (PARAGRAPH 24)11
31. To assist developing and least-developed countries to better evaluate the implications of
closer multilateral cooperation for their development policies and objectives and for human and
institutional development, the Secretariat has, in response to a request by the Working Group on
Trade and Competition Policy and with the assistance of a consultant, prepared a study on specific
issues relating to a possible multilateral framework on competition policy.12
32. In carrying out the related technical cooperation and capacity-building activities, the
Secretariat has cooperated extensively with UNCTAD and, to a lesser extent, with other
intergovernmental organizations.  In January 2002, the Secretariat organized a coordination meeting
of representatives of the Secretariats of UNCTAD, the OECD and the World Bank on possible
approaches to implementing the mandate in paragraph 24 of the Doha Declaration.  This provided thestarting point for the activities undertaken subsequently.
33. The main focus of the Secretariat's technical assistance programme on competition policy has
been on the organization and delivery of two-to-three-day regional workshops, supplemented by its
participation in similar workshops organized by UNCTAD.  In addition, a one-day symposium has
been organized for Geneva-based delegates, and modules have been presented in a large number of
training courses in Geneva and in the regions.  A key purpose of the Secretariat's technical assistance
programme is to facilitate participation by developing countries in the work of the Working Group onthe Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy.  The Working Group's meetings have been
characterized by a high level of participation by developing countries, both in the form of written
submissions and oral interventions.
                                                     
11 Paragraph 24 states:  "We recognize the needs of developing and least-developed countries for
enhanced support for technical assistance and capacity building in this area, including policy analysis and
development so that they may better evaluate the im plications of closer multilateral cooperation for their
development policies and objectives, and human and institution development.  To this end, we shall work incooperation with other relevant intergovernmental organisations, including UNCTAD, and through appropriate
regional and bilateral channels, to provide strengthened and adequately resourced assistance to respond to these
needs".
12 WT/WGTCP/W/228.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 11
34. The Working Group has been kept informed of the Secretariat's technical assistance activities
on a regular basis, thereby providing a further opportunity for feedback and the identification of
needs.  Comments by delegations in the Working Group have consistently indicated a high level of
participant satisfaction with the events that have been organized.  In particular Members have
welcomed the efforts undertaken by the Secretariat to provide participants with a clear understandingof the link between competition policy and economic development and the implications for their
development policies and objectives of the following possible elements of a multilateral framework
on competition policy:  core principles, including transparency, non-discrimination and procedural
fairness;  provisions on hardcore cartels;  modalities for voluntary cooperation;  and progressive
reinforcement of competition institutions through capacity building.
F. 
TRANSPARENCY IN GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT (PARAGRAPH 26)13
35. The focus of the Secretariat's technical cooperation activities in relation to transparency in
government procurement has been to provide particip ants with a broad overview of the work of the
WTO in government procurement, with particul ar emphasis on the work of the Working Group on
transparency, with a view to enhancing participants' awareness of the key concepts and principles as
well as international practices in this area and assist ing them in taking informed decisions in this area,
pursuant to paragraph 26 of the Doha Declaration.  Most technical cooperation activities were held inthe form of regional workshops, organized in collaboration with regional development banks.
Furthermore, national seminars were held as well as several seminars and workshops in Geneva,
usually back-to-back with meetings of th e Working Group on Transparency in Government
Procurement.  The lessons and feedback obtained following the conclusion of the activity have been
incorporated into the design and delivery of technical assistance in a process of continuousimprovement – for instance, through the use of role play exercises.
36. The seminars have provided opportunities: (i) for experience sharing;  (ii) to put participants'
domestic and regional agendas in terms of national procurement reforms and regional integration or
free trade initiatives into the context of the wo rk of the WTO in the area of transparency in
government procurement; and (iii) for a more in-depth exchange of views between the trade andprocurement communities.
G. 
TRADE FACILITATION (PARAGRAPH 27)14
37. Members embarked on a large number of assistance activities at the bilateral, regional and
sometimes multilateral level, and technical assistance and capacity-building has become one of the
three pillars of the Trade Facilitation Work Programme.  The Goods Council was regularly briefed
and updated on the respective trade-facilitation-related assistance activities by the Secretariat, donor
Members, as well as by UNCTAD, the OECD  and the World Customs Organization (WCO).
38. Technical assistance in the area of trade facilitation is often part of another activity covering
customs valuation or market access.  The objective is to enhance participants' understanding of trade
facilitation concepts, the Doha Development Agenda mandate on trade facilitation and the follow-up
work on the subject.
                                                     
13 Paragraph 26 states:  "Recognizing the case for a multilateral agreement on transparency in
government procurement and the need for enhanced tech nical assistance and capacity building in this area, ... .
We commit ourselves to ensuring adequate technical assistance and support for capacity building both duringthe negotiations and after their conclusion".
14 Paragraph 27 states:  "Recognizing the case fo r further expediting the movement, release and
clearance of goods, including goods in transit, and th e need for enhanced technical assistance and capacity
building in this area, … We commit ourselves to ensuring adequate technical assistance and support for capacitybuilding in this area".WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 12
H. TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT (PARAGRAPH 33)15
39. The main focus of the Secretariat's technical assistance activities on Trade and Environment
has been on regional seminars directed at government representatives from trade and environment
ministries, organized in cooperation with – as well with the participation of – the Secretariats of
UNEP, UNCTAD and multilateral environment agreements (MEAs)16.  The main purpose of these
seminars has been to illustrate the links between trade and environmental policies and to prepare
countries for ongoing WTO negotiations in this area.  The seminars have looked at issues such as the
relationship between WTO rules and MEAs, and the potential trade effects of environmental product
requirements.  They have encouraged greater national coordination between trade and environment
officials, which is key to policy coherence at the international level.
40. One of the most prominent issues in the tr ade and environment debate is the need for
enhanced national coordination. Indeed, domestic policy coordination between government agenciesor ministries dealing with environment and those dealing with trade enhances policy coherence and
helps avoid or diffuse potential disputes. The WTO Secretariat has thus organized "side events" at
certain meetings of MEAs, usually the Conference of the Parties (COP).  These events target (but not
exclusively) developing country participants from environment ministries with the objective of
increasing their level of understanding of the links between WTO rules and work vis-à-vis specifictrade-related environmental issues.
I. 
LEAST -DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (PARAGRAPHS 42 AND 43 )17
41. Responding to the needs of the LDCs is a major challenge.  To achieve this objective requires
the collaborative efforts of all.  The successful conclusion of the DDA will be essential for the
integration of LDCs into the multilateral trading system and the global economy.  However, to deriveconcrete results from the Doha negotiations, LDCs will also need to put in place a sound national
framework of appropriate companion policies.  Market access improvements and technical assistance
are complementary and critical factors assisting the LDCs to undertake the necessary adjustments.
42. As indicated in my interim report on LDCs to the General Council in December 2002
(document WT/GC/W/485/Rev.1) and my full report on paragraph 43 to the Fifth Session of theMinisterial Conference, the WTO has sharpened its focus on LDCs in the post-Doha period.
Particular efforts have been undertaken to assist LD Cs integrating into the multilateral trading system.
The number of distinct activities has considerably increased and is likely to be in the order of 265 this
year, up by 50 per cent compared to last year.  The Development Division has been reinstated. It is the
focal point for all developmental policy issues and assists the senior management and the Secretariat
                                                     
15 Paragraph 33 states:  "We recognize the importance of technical assistance and capacity building in
the field of trade and environment to developing countries, in particular the least-developed among them. We
also encourage that expertise and experience be shar ed with Members wishing to perform environmental
reviews at the national level".  Paragraph 33 also requests that "A report shall be prepared on these activities forthe Fifth Session".
16 In addition, trade and environment and sustainable development have been at the centre of a public
symposium organised by the Secretariat 16 – 18 June 2003 and with the generous financial support of Norway.
17 Paragraph 42 states:  "... We instruct the Secretar iat to reflect the priority we attach to LDCs
accessions in the annual plans for technical assistance. We reaffirm the commitments we undertook at LDC-III,
and agree that the WTO should take into account, in designing its work programme for LDCs, the trade-related
elements of the Brussels Declaration and Programme of Action, consistent with the WTO's mandate, adopted at
LDC-III. ...". Paragraph 43 states:  "...We request the Di rector-General, following coordination with heads of the
other agencies, to provide an interim report to the General Council in December 2002 and a full report to theFifth Session of the Ministerial Conference on all issues affecting LDCs".WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 13
as a whole on issues relating to the participation of developing countries, in particular the
least-developed among them, in the multilateral trad ing system.  To better service the LDCs in the
WTO, the LDC unit is housed in the Development Division.
J. OTHER TOPIC -SPECIFIC TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING  ACTIVITIES
43. The WTO Secretariat has a vast array of technical assistance and capacity-building activities
covering specific WTO Agreements. These include seminars, workshops, technical missions,
symposiums, side events, etc., and are conducted both in Geneva and in the field.  Moreover, the
Secretariat has addressed concerns of acceding countries, is engaged in an integrated approach to
training and capacity-building, has expanded its Reference Centre programme, established a process
of outsourcing,18 and implemented its outreach activities with parliamentarians and civil society. The
main features of the activities are discussed below.
(i) Agriculture
44. The objective of technical cooperation in the agriculture area has been to provide participants
with:  (i) an understanding of the background to the Agreement on Agriculture;  (ii) detailed
explanations of the rules and commitments and the related rights and obligations of Members;
(iii) assistance in the implementation of the existing rules and commitments;  and (iv) briefings and
advice in the context of the ongoing negotiations.
45. Since the negotiations began in 2000, and particularly since the Doha Ministerial Conference,
the emphasis of technical cooperation has shifted away from an explanation of rules and commitments
towards implementation and negotiations.  The wide diversity of commitments by Members, the
complexity of accessions of new Members and the differences in negotiating positions has meant that
much more time was required for a comprehensive discussion of agriculture.
46. Technical cooperation was provided through national seminars, participation in trade policy
courses and workshops that go into much greater detail on specific issues. Moreover, direct assistance
is often provided through regular informal contacts with delegations at and from headquarters.  It
provides the best and most cost-effective way of informing delegations of developments and
explaining the background  and implications of different rules and proposals.
(ii) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures
47. Technical assistance activities in the SPS area contribute towards the strengthening of the
capacities of developing countries in meeting standards for market access for food and other
agricultural commodities.  The activities, which are designed to meet and respond to individual
country/regional needs, increase participants' awareness about rights and obligations under the SPS
Agreement and its implications at the national leve l.  The programmes include presentations on the
transparency obligations, dispute settlement, implementation problems, specific trade concerns andtechnical/scientific issues such as risk analysis and equivalence, as well as the work undertaken by the
three standard-setting organizations referenced in the SPS Agreement (Codex, OIE and IPPC).
48. As a result of the programmes, many of the countries involved in these activities are
becoming increasingly active in the SPS area, both at the national level, i.e. enhancing coordination
among the relevant stakeholders, including the private sector, and at the international level, i.e. in thediscussions of the SPS Committee meetings and in the standard-setting bodies.  Participants' and
official feedback with regard to SPS technical a ssistance is encouraging and often results in new
demands for assistance.
                                                     
18 An information note on outsourcing is available in document WT/COMTD/W/116.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 14
49. Good progress has been made throughout the year in making the Standards and Trade
Development Facility (STDF) operational.  The STDF resulted from the joint commitment by the
FAO, OIE, WHO, the World Bank and the WTO to  work together to strengthen the capacity of
developing countries in meeting SPS standards.  This will be achieved by strengthening the
collaboration between the relevant institutions in SPS-related activities, including through the
development of joint institutional projects, and provision of STDF-funded projects in developing
countries.
(iii) Textiles and clothing
50. The main thrust and focus of technical cooperati on activities in the area of international trade
in textiles and clothing has shifted considerably from its initial objectives.  In the past, TA had been
necessary in order to assist in the understanding of  the complexities of the Agreement and to facilitate
its implementation.   The implications of the three stages of integration, the implementation of thevarious quota-liberalizing mechanisms in the Agreement, and the operation of the special transitional
safeguard, as contained in Article 6 of the ATC, were matters that required considerable attention.
51. More recently, and as the termination date of 31 December 2004 approaches, attention has
turned to the prospects, challenges and opportunities of quota-free trade in the textiles and clothing
sector.  Since the middle of 2002, seminar/workshop programmes have been adjusted and extendedfrom the traditional ATC-explanation programme, for example to include a more substantive
overview of the WTO and its dispute settlement sy stem, with a thorough examination of two specific
cases involving the ATC, or the specific issue of the textiles safeguard clause included in the Chinese
Protocol of Accession/Working Part y Report.  Also taking place are presentations by participants on
their countries' interests and positions in international trade in textiles and clothing, as well as on theirparticipation in this trade.
(iv) Technical barriers to trade
52.   Since the Doha Ministerial Meeting, the TBT Committee has continued its work to develop
a demand-driven technical cooperation programme.  This work has included:  a survey made in 2002
by means of a questionnaire to assist developing country Members to identify and prioritise theirspecific needs in the TBT field; and a Special Workshop on Technical Assistance held in March 2003
with the objective of providing the Committee with  the opportunity to have focussed discussions on
technical assistance.  The Committee is continuing its work to further develop its
technical cooperation programme, in the context of the Third Triennial Review of the Agreement, by
the end of 2003.
53. At Doha, Ministers also took note of the actions taken to date by the Director-General to
facilitate the increased participation of Members at different levels of development in the work of therelevant international standard-setting organizations and urged him to continue his cooperative efforts
with these organizations.  As a result, the WTO Secretariat held a series of regional workshops in
cooperation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) a nd the Codex Alimentarius
Commission (Codex) which aimed at identifying possible actions to enhance the participation of
developing countries in international standard-setting activities.  Moreover, a task force wasestablished to develop an operational programme of action, and actions are being implemented to
enhance the participation of developing countries in the work of the ISO.  Furthermore, regional
workshops were held with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International
Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML).
54. In addition, regional and national workshops were organized covering the TBT Agreement.
The main objective of these activities is to assist developing country Members in better implementing
and benefiting from the Agreement.  These activities also aim at assisting these Members in
participation in the TBT Committee's work.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 15
(v) Customs valuation
55. In the area of customs valuation, the general aim of technical assistance has been to teach
customs officers how to apply the WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation, to enhance a better
understanding of the provisions of the Agreement and how to put them into practice.  The courses that
have been conducted consisted of lectures, interactive teaching and practical exercises, and casestudies presented by the lecturer and by the participants.
(vi) Trade remedies
56. The technical assistance missions conducted by the Secretariat covered the three trade
remedies Agreements, i.e. the Agreement on Im plementation of Article VI of GATT 1994 (Anti-
Dumping Agreement), the Safeguards Agreement, and the Agreement on Subsidies and
Countervailing Measures.  There have also been requests for ad hoc technical missions to assist
Members in implementing legislation, especially with regard to subsidies disciplines in light of the
provisions of Article 27.4 of the Subsidies Agreement.  All activities were practically oriented, with
active participation by participants through practical exercises and case studies.
57. As the provisions of Article 27.4 of the Subsidies and Countervailing Agreement resulted in
changed circumstances from January 2003 with regard to export subsidies maintained by certain
developing country Members, a number of regional seminars on subsidies disciplines have beenundertaken.
58. A Handbook on Anti-dumping Investigations, developed jointly with Cambridge University
Press as a practical tool to assist newly established trade remedies units in conducting anti-dumping
investigations is now available.  A Model Countervailing Duty Legislation was also developed in an
effort to assist developing country Members in drafting countervailing duty legislation.
(vii) Trade in services
59. Since early 2002, technical assistance has become even more important in services as many
governments have submitted their initial requests and offers in accordance with the agreed target dates
of 30 June 2002 and 31 March 2003, respectively.  The main purpose of this support was to assist in
the internal coordination and consultation process between competent ministries and agencies, tofamiliarize the officials involved with core terms and concepts of GATS, to help translate domestic
policy objectives and constraints into new services commitments sought from and/or offered to
trading partners, and more generally, to define national policy positions in the light of the Negotiating
Guidelines and Principles agreed to by the Services Council in March 2001.
60. Given the broad range of policies involved, services-related technical assistance has
continued to rely on a multitude of channels.  These involve not only day-to-day contacts with
delegates in Geneva and the organization of national and regional seminars in capitals, but alsoSecretariat contributions to workshops and conferences hosted by specialized organizations in a wide
range of services areas, including air and maritime transport, legal and accountancy, postal and
communications, banking and insurance, health and education, environmental and tourism services.
These events have helped to establish communication links with sector specialists in many developing
countries, enabling them to provide the necessary policy inputs into the domestic consultation processin their fields of competence.
61. An additional leg of services-related Technical Assistance has gained prominence during the
reporting period:  the organization, on the initiative of Members, of symposia and workshops in
Geneva including the Symposium on Assessment of Trade and the Symposium on Movement of
Natural Persons under the GATS held in March and April 2002, respectively.  The latter event wasorganized jointly with the World Bank.  Funding was made available for the participation of lecturersWT/MIN(03)/3
Page 16
with the relevant expertise including from developing countries.  With a view to facilitating
developing countries' participation in the request/offer process, the Secretariat conducted a three-day
Scheduling Workshop in December 2002 in Geneva.  Altogether, 102 officials from developing
countries received WTO funding to participate in the Workshop, with another 80 participants
attending on a self-financing basis.  The feedback received from participants in the two Symposia andthe Scheduling Workshop was very positive, suggesting enduring capacity-enhancing effects.  It has
contributed to facilitating the preparation of of fers and requests by developing and some least-
developed countries as well as by newly acceded Members, who are participating in the negotiations
for the first time.
62. Technical assistance relating to services has been result-oriented, assisting beneficiaries
directly with all aspects of the negotiations.  Hands-on training, simulation exercises as well as
assistance provided to Members with all the technical aspects of preparation of initial offers hasencouraged beneficiaries in the process.  The Secretariat has consolidated the schedules of
commitments of Members and converted them into an electronic format which Members can use as
templates for the submission of offers.  The technical assistance has often resulted in a continuing
consultative relationship with interested agencies in capitals, which has proven to be helpful during
the negotiations.  The assistance provided has generated an unprecedented active participation ofcountries at different levels of development in the negotiations.
(viii) Trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights
63. The focus of the Secretariat's technical cooperation activities specifically in relation to TRIPS
has continued to be on assisting Members and Observers to understand the rights and obligations that
flow from the TRIPS Agreement and on facilitating their participation in the ongoing work of the
TRIPS Council.  Priority continues to be given to assistance to least-developed countries, in particular
in light of the transitional periods under the TRIPS Agreement.  The main modes of supply of
technical cooperation specifically relating to the TRIPS Agreement have been information and advice
given to Members in Geneva, training courses, and seminars and workshops.
64. There has been a considerable increase in inte rest regarding the TRIPS issues covered by the
Doha Development Agenda.  The programmes of activities designed accordingly put special emphasis
on the following main areas:  TRIPS and public health, biotechnology/traditional
knowledge/biodiversity, and geographical indications, notably to enable participants in the activities
to better understand the issues under negotiation or discussion.
65. A great part of the technical assistance is carried out in close cooperation with the
International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), pursuant to the 1995
Agreement between WIPO and the WTO.  In addi tion to many other activities for developing
countries, both Secretariats are implementing the Joint Initiative for Technical Cooperation for
Least-Developed Countries, launched in June 2000.
(ix) Dispute settlement
66. A series of regional seminars on dispute settlement was the main technical cooperation
activity conducted in this area. It was important to hold these regional seminars early in 2003 as thenegotiations on improvements and clarifications of the Dispute Settlement Understanding were due to
be concluded not later than May 2003.  The goal of these seminars was threefold: 1) to enhance
understanding of the WTO's dispute settlement procedures and practices; 2) to highlight the various
proposals presented in the ongoing negotiation; and 3) to increase understanding of the role played by
legal reasoning in the WTO system and to make participants aware that the dynamics of legalreasoning should be taken into account not only in litigation under the existing rules but also in
negotiating new rules.  Case simulation exercises, where participants are called on to play an active
role, constituted the core activity of these seminars.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 17
67. Several regional seminars and specialized courses on dispute settlement rules and procedures
were conducted in the field.  In the Geneva-based  courses, the participation of some representatives
from least-developed countries is funded by the WTO.
68. Overall, the performance of participants in simulation exercises suggested that they
understood the key aspects of the procedures and interpretative issues at stake to conduct thesimulations successfully, including through drafting of submissions and participating in panel hearing
exercises.  The indicators of achievement suggest that the regional seminars have expanded
knowledge regarding the dispute settlement procedures and the WTO agreements generally and
increased awareness of the benefits of the dispute settlement system.
(x) Countries in accession
69. Accession to the WTO is complex, multifaceted, and demanding.  Technical assistance is
crucial at all stages of the process.  Between January 2002 and August 2003, the Secretariatparticipated in, or carried out, some 33 technical assistance programmes.  These included technical
missions on accession issues in capitals, and awareness-raising activities, such as seminars and
workshops on WTO Agreements, rules and disciplines.
70. In addition, visits by Chairpersons accompanied by WTO staff involved high-level meetings
with Ministers, Parliament representatives, key government officials, private industry, consumergroups, and media.  These missions contributed in a decisive manner to accelerating several
accessions in the lead-up to the Cancún Ministerial Conference (Cambodia and Nepal), as well as to
reactivating others (Sudan, Azerbaijan, and Tajikistan). The focused technical assistance provided in
the capitals of acceding countries has helped greatly in the preparation of key documents and data
needed for the accession process (Algeria, Bhutan, Samoa, Tonga).
71. Additionally, technical assistance is regularly provided in response to specific problems faced
by acceding governments (for example, informal advice and comments on draft versions of accession
documents).  Over the past year, such assistance was delivered to Algeria, Bhutan, Cambodia, Nepal,
Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and others. A workshop designed specifically to address accession-
related issues was held in 2002, and extensive assistance to acceding countries has been providedthroughout 2002 and 2003, as the acceding countries are regularly invited to participate in the
activities contained in the TA Plan.
(xi) Partnerships for training and capacity building: an integrated approach
72. Recognizing the multiple benefits that coul d arise by working closely with academic
institutions in terms of sustainable capacity-building on WTO and international trade matters, the
Secretariat is increasing the scope and effectiveness of its TRTA activities delivered in collaboration
with academic institutions.  By enhancing cooperation with universities and institutions of higherlearning, the Secretariat aims to build institutiona l capacities within the academic community in terms
of conducting teaching and research activities on WTO-related matters, to increase its own capacity to
deliver short- and long-term technical assistance in the face of increasing demand, and ultimately to
enhance the capacity of partner and beneficiary academic institutions to design and deliver capacity-
building actions on their own initiative.
73. The Secretariat has started to implement a series of regional workshops closely involving
academics.  The specific long-term objective is to assist the institutions to internalise WTO issues in
regular academic programmes and also to build networks for information-sharing and research.  At
the same time, these regional workshops will also complement other TA activities, as has already
been done for co-lecturing between university professors and WTO officials on regional trade policycourses.  A comprehensive strategy for an integrated approach for building effective relationshipsWT/MIN(03)/3
Page 18
with the academic community is currently being designed and will be presented in the Technical
Assistance and Training Plan for 2004.
(xii) Reference centres
74. The basic objective of the WTO Reference Centre programme is to enable government
officials, as well as the business and academic  communities, to obtain directly trade-related
information on the WTO. This is done mainly through the installation of computers in beneficiary
countries.  Direct access is provided to the WTO's Internet website, and electronic versions of the
website on CD-ROMs are also provided. Moreover, DVDs are developed. In addition, a 'library' is
created with documents and publications on the WTO, including CD-ROMs, which include self-
training material. Moreover, hands-on training is prov ided to participants in using relevant software,
the Web browser, hyperlinks, and the use of e-mail to communicate with the WTO.
75. To date, more than 140 reference centres have been established.  In executing the WTO
Reference Centre programme, priority is given to least-developed countries.
(xiii) Geneva Week
76. The “Geneva Week” series are outreach activities for Non-Resident Members and Observers.
There are 24 WTO Members and 12 Observers that do not have any form of representation in Geneva
(i.e. are Non-Residents).  The objectives of the Week are to: brief participants on the state of play inthe WTO; familiarise participants with the work processes of the WTO; provide information about the
range of technical assistance available; and provide an opportunity for participants – during their stay
– to be involved in the work of WTO bodies.  They also have the chance to interact with officials
from other Geneva-based agencies, and with Geneva-based delegations. "Geneva Week" was initiated
in 1999, and has since been held at least once a year.  To date, five "Geneva Weeks" have beenorganized by the Secretariat.  The "Geneva Week" focusing on preparations for the Cancún
Ministerial Conference (14-18 July 2003) coincided with meetings of the Trade Negotiations
Committee, the Dedicated Session of the Committee on Trade and Development on Small Economies
and the Special Session of the Committee on Agriculture .
(xiv) Outreach activities (Parliaments and civil society)
77. Activities included national and regional workshops for parliamentarians in selected countries
and regions.  They also included similar regional workshops for civil society representatives.  In all
outreach activities, objectives were essentially similar:  to foster greater public understanding of and
interest in the WTO;  to inform parliamentarians /civil society representatives on the operations of the
multilateral trading system and key issues on the international trade agenda;  and to encourage
discussion and exchange of views on trade-related and development-related issues.
78. One positive effect of these activities has been the establishment of close working relations
with a number of parliamentary and civil society organizations that served as co-organisers of some of
the regional workshops.  The impact of the workshops for parliamentarians was immediate.
Parliamentarians undertook to maintain closer involvement in WTO work and many promised to
share their newly acquired knowledge with parliamentary colleagues in capitals. The impact of the
workshops for civil society representatives was similar.  For example, participants at the regionalworkshop held in Cape Town (Spring 2003) decided to explore the establishment of their own
network to continue the flow of info rmation and sharing of ideas and views.
(xv) Internship
79. As part of the efforts to build human capacity in a hands-on approach, the internship
programme has been expanded.  In addition to the regular WTO internships for young graduates,WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 19
mainly from developing countries (for a maximu m of three months in a division), the programme
provides for the Dutch internship system of assignments of up to two years in the Secretariat (five
interns recruited since Doha), for interns to be assi gned to coordinators of regional groups in the WTO
(seven in 2003), as well as to selected developing country missions (six in 2003).
K. SUSTAINABLY FINANCED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY -BUILDING PROGRAMMES
80. In accordance with paragraph 4019 of the Ministerial Declaration, the Committee on Budget
Finance and Administration took a number of steps at the end of 2001 to ensure a stable and solid
financial basis for WTO technical assistance and capacity-building.  First, it recommended to the
General Council the establishm ent of the Doha Development Agenda Global Trust Fund (DDAGTF)
in order to consolidate the extra-budgetary resources of the WTO into one single un-earmarked fund.
The Committee also recommended increasing the share of the regular budget dedicated to technical
assistance to CHF 5.5 million in  2002 and set the target amount for the DDAGTF at CHF 15 million
in 2002.  The General Council endorsed these va rious recommendations. As  a result, the DDAGTF is
now the main source of funding for technical assistance in line with:  (i) the technical cooperation and
capacity building mandates in the Doha Declaration;  (ii) the New Strategy for Technical Cooperation
for Capacity-Building, Growth and Integration; and (iii) the Coordinated WTO Secretariat Annual
Technical Assistance Plans.
81. A Pledging Conference was organised on 11 March 2002.20  A total of CHF 21.3 million for
2002, CHF 4.7 million for 2003, CHF 1.1 million for 2004 and CHF 0.2 million for 2005 was pledged
through a mixture of transfers from pre-existing national trust funds and new pledges
(WT/BFA/SPEC/73).
82. At the end of 2002, after the finalisation of the 2003 TA Plan, the General Council adopted
the recommended target amount of CHF 24 milli on for the DDAGTF in 2003 and the share of the
regular budget to be dedicated to technical assistance and training, which stayed at the same level as
in 2002.  The balance left at the end of 2002 and the pledges already registered for 2003 meant that a
Pledging Conference was not necessary.  However, the total of pledges registered at the end of June
was only CHF 20.2 million.  This means that additional pledges21 are still needed to reach the target
amount set for 2003.  Annex II contains a table listing the contributions actually received by the WTO
from the creation of the DDAGTF to the end of June.  The table takes into account direct
contributions as well as any transfer made from a national trust fund to the DDAGTF.
83. In terms of liquidity, the DDAGTF was in the black at the end of June 2003.  As the funds
received stood at CHF 13.2 million and total expenditures (including commitments undertaken)
                                                     
19 Paragraph 40 indicates that: "We agree that there is  a need for technical assistance to benefit from
secure and predictable funding. We therefore instruct the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration to
develop a plan for adoption by the General Council in December 2001 that will ensure long-term funding forWTO technical assistance at an overall level no lower than that of the current year and commensurate with theactivities outlined above". In the same context, Ministers have also reaffirmed, in paragraph 41 of the
Declaration, “the understanding in paragraph 2 (of the Decl aration) on the important role of sustainably financed
technical assistance and capacity-building programmes”.
20 The report of the Pledging Conference to the Committee on Trade and Development is contained in
document WT/COMTD/37/Rev.1.
21  Taking also into account part of the earmarked funds to the extent they can finance activities
included in the 2003 TA Plan would bring that figure to around CHF 22 million.  This means that approximately
CHF 2 million of additional pledges are still required to reach the target amount, depending on how much of theearmarked funds the Secretariat is able to use to finance activities included in the 2003 TA Plan.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 20
amounted to CHF 10.9 million by that time,22 a balance of CHF 2.2 million was available.  The terms
of reference of the DDAGTF required, however, that the full amount be paid in the WTO bank
account by the end of the second quarter.  That threshold has been missed by more than
CHF 10 million and could jeopardise the sustainabili ty of the financing of training and technical
assistance activities for 2003 and beyond.
II. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
84. As has been highlighted throughout this report, the Secretariat, in collaboration with its
institutional partners have made considerable efforts to fulfil the Doha mandates on training and
technical assistance.  All WTO divisions have been  involved in the design and delivery of these
activities.  Some 700 distinct activities have been conducted since Doha, involving thousands of
man/hours and mission/days by WTO officials, covering all geographical regions and subjects on the
negotiating agenda.  This high number of activities has been made possible through the generousfinancial support of the donors.  I am confident in  reporting that the mandate entrusted to the WTO
Secretariat under the Doha Ministerial Declaration has been fully implemented.
85. The main mandate that Ministers gave to the Secretariat in the area of technical assistance and
training was, in cooperation with other relevant agencies, to support domestic efforts for
mainstreaming trade into national development pl ans for economic development and strategies for
poverty reduction policies.  The Secretariat has endeavoured to address all trade policy issues and
concerns of developing and least developed countries, and low-income countries in transition, and to
facilitate their fuller participation in the multilateral trading system.  A key objective in designing
activities has been to build human and institutional capacity so as to ensure sustainability.  Technical
assistance and training activities have increasingly gone beyond straightforward explanations of WTOprovisions and negotiating issues to include practical exercises, simulations and interaction between
the experts and the participants including on sharing experiences, best practices and lessons learned.  I
should also like to recall that Members were consulted in July 2002 on the Secretariat's approaches to
technical assistance, which led to further guidance for the design and implementation of technical
assistance.
86. At the institutional level, the Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation was created
early in 2003 to ensure a coherent and coordinated approach to capacity-building and technical
assistance.  The Secretariat is also developing new partnerships and consolidating existing ones
(through Memoranda of Understanding and other working arrangements).  The Secretariat deeply
appreciates the support it has received from multilateral and regional partner agencies, regional
development banks, bilateral donors and beneficiaries.
87. No clear indicators exist to allow precise measurement of the impact of training and technical
assistance, nor of the extent to which beneficiaries have become more integrated into the multilateral
trading system.  There are nevertheless a number of elements that could provide indications of the
results obtained, and I would like to address some of these here.
88. It is important to note that all Members and Observers have been associated with the
Secretariat's technical assistance and training programmes, both in Geneva and in the field.  As thetables in the annex to my report confirm, all topics have been covered and the objective of reaching all
beneficiaries in all regions has been fully met.  The 'Geneva Week' which has been organized twice a
year, has ensured that even those countries without representation in Geneva can be fully briefed on
the negotiations and participate in the process.  Also, I should like to stress again the continued
priority assistance that has been provided to the least developed countries.  Special joint programmes,
such as the Integrated Framework, and JITAP have been reinforced and are bearing fruit, as explained
                                                     
22  Part of the commitments corresponded to activities scheduled in the third quarter of 2003.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 21
earlier in the report.  Inter-agency cooperation is a core component of these programmes, which
strengthens coherence in policy making, technical assistance and capacity building.
89. In order to achieve the objective of building and enhancing sustainable human and
institutional capacities, emphasis was put on creating and strengthening local capacity.  The
Secretariat is gradually moving away from simply transferring knowledge and information to sharingexperiences and actively engaging beneficiaries in the process.  Thus, efforts have been undertaken to
transfer ownership of our programmes to the field:  this is a key aspect of the regional trade policy
courses similar to the ones conducted in Geneva. I can report to you that our efforts are paying off: by
partnering with local academic institutions and engaging local resource persons in seminars and
training activities, technical assistance has acquired a new dimension and enhanced the dynamics of
our activities.  Moreover, the back to office reports that I receive from technical assistance missions
confirm that the levels of knowledge of participants, as well as the number of persons that have beentrained on WTO issues are increasing.  One indicator of the impact of the training is that some
participants in our seminars are now acting as resource persons.  Equally important, many officials
who were trained at the WTO's Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation continue to liaise
with the WTO and in many instances are our local c ounterparts in the Ministries in capital where they
often occupy key positions.  This is a good indicator of the durable impact of the assistance provided.Moreover, some ninety former trainees have at some point returned to Geneva as delegates and
negotiators.
90. Let me also give a few examples of what I would consider illustrative of our results-oriented
technical assistance:
- In the area of Accession, the Secretariat has provided continued support to facilitate the
accession of interested countries to the WTO.  This assistance has in several cases helped to accelerate
the process and to bring it to a successful conclusion.  Several Observers have become full Members
of the WTO since Doha and others are about to conclude their accession negotiations.  In this
connection, special reference should be made to Cambodia and Nepal, who we expect to welcome at
Cancún as the first LDCs to join the WTO under the Article XII procedures of theMarrakesh Agreement.  Timely and intensive inputs of technical assistance have also advanced and
accelerated several other accessions, which we can now expect will be concluded in the next two to
three years.
- In the area of Services, technical assistance has facilitated the participation of Members in
the negotiations, including in the offer and request process.  This support has been directed at
developing countries, least developed countries and newly acceded Members.  This has helped moreMembers to participate actively in the negotiations.
- In the area of Dispute Settlement, emphasis has been placed on providing technical
assistance in a manner that would enhance participants' capacity to effectively take part in the
negotiations to improve and clarify the Dispute Sett lement Understanding (DSU).  Indeed, it has been
most encouraging to see an active participation of developing countries and least developed countries
in this process.  They have submitted a number of important specific proposals, either individually or
as groups of countries.  Moreover, some developing country Members which have not been active
users of dispute settlement in the past are now taking  part in proceedings, as parties or third parties,
reflecting a greater level of participation in the multilateral trading system, including when necessarythrough the defence of their rights in dispute settlement.
- Technical assistance requested through workshops and seminars has increasingly become
specialized and focused, sometimes addressing highly technical issues regarding different aspects of
the rules.  This tendency towards greater specific ity has allowed our technical assistance activities to
contribute positively to the adoption of laws and regulations, in line with the WTO agreements and
their implementation, by an increasing number of developing countries.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 22
- In the area of Singapore issues, taking trade and investment and competition policy as an
example, the feedback provided through the back to office reports confirms that the technical
assistance provided — and the level of cooperat ion with UNCTAD — has placed governments in a
better position to evaluate the implications of cl oser multilateral cooperation in investment and on
competition policy, and to take informed decisions on future work at Cancún.  Beneficiaries have
nevertheless also made the point that there was still much to be learned about the implications of a
possible multilateral investment framework and of enhanced competition rules on national policies,
and they have stressed the need to continue and expand the technical assistance programme in these
areas beyond Cancún.
- Moreover, Trade Policy Reviews have increasingly performed a technical assistance
function and have been useful in increasing understanding of the trade policy structure in place and its
relationship with the WTO Agreements.  The reviews have also enhanced understanding, especially
through a seminar process, of the WTO Agreements, enabling better compliance and integration in the
multilateral trading system;  in some cases, better interaction between government agencies has been
facilitated by the reviews.  The reports' wide coverage of Members' policies also enables Members toidentify any shortcomings in policy and specific areas where further technical assistance may be
required.
- More generally, it can be observed that in the process of negotiations a large number of
specific submissions have been received from deve loping countries (either individually or as groups)
and new Members, sometimes in highly technical areas such as the tariff reduction formula for non
agriculture market access.  This again testifies to higher levels of understanding and new levels of
confidence.
91. A basis for predictable and sound funding of TRTA has been ensured through the
establishment of the DDA Global Trust Fund.  I urge Members to continue pledging and making
financial contributions to this Fund in line with their overall commitments to the DDA, and to ensure
that the Secretariat has the necessary human resources to match these contributions.
92. As to the future, the Secretariat will pursue its ambitious programme for this year with
increased vigour in order to fulfil the objectives set out in the 2003 TA plan.  Its preparations for 2004
are under way and progressing well.  Taking into account the capacity constraints within the
Secretariat and the rapidly evolving requirements, the new plan for training and technical assistancewill put particular emphasis on product development, quality, sustainability of activities, creating
durable capacity and enhancing ownership by benefi ciaries, while adjusting the TRTA programme for
the next stage of the DDA negotiations.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 23ANNEX I
Table 1:  Implementation of  2002 TA activities by region
Planned activities Ad hoc ac tivities Total implementation
National Regional Total National Regional Total Region
Planned Exec. Per cent Planned Exec. Per cent Planned Exec. Per cent Exec. Exec. Exec.Number
of activitiesPer
cent
Africa 74 62 84% 33 31 94% 107 93 87% 26 22 48 141 29%
Arab and Middle East 17 17 100% 10 10 100% 27 27 100% 6 3 9 36 7%
Asia/Pacific 48 43 90% 35 33 94% 83 76 92% 8 9 17 93 19%
CEECACs2321 21 100% 16 15 94% 37 36 97% 2 3 5 41 8%
Latin America & Caribbean 43 40 93% 39 39 100% 82 79 96% 12 12 24 103 21%
Global 6 6 100% 41 37 90% 47 43 91% 1 30 31 74 15%
TOTAL 209 189 90% 174 165 95% 383 354 92% 55 79 134 488 100%
                                                     
23 Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asian countriesWT/MIN(03)/3
Page 24 Table 2:  Implementation of 2002 TA activities by subject matter
Planned activities Ad hoc activitiesTotal
implementation Subject matter
National Regional Total Nation. Region. Total
 Plan. Exec. % Plan. Exec. % Plan. Exec. % Exec. Exec.  Exec.Number
of
activitiesPer
cent
Accessions 12 10 83% 2 2 100% 14 12 86% 3 0 3 15 3%
Agriculture 8 6 75% 4 4 100% 12 10 83% 3 3 6 16 3%
Competition Policy 7 5 71% 12 12 100% 19 17 89% 0 2 2 19 4%
Customs Valuation 5 5 100% 0 0 n.a. 5 5 100% 0 0 0 5 1%
Dispute Settlement 6 5 83% 8 8 100% 14 13 93% 1 0 1 14 3%
Government Procurement 2 2 100% 4 4 100% 6 6 100% 0 0 0 6 1%
Implementation Issues 25 25 100% 6 6 100% 31 31 100% 5 4 9 40 8%
IT / WTO Reference Centres 13 13 100% 1 1 100% 14 14 100% 2 2 4 18 4%
IF / Least-developed countries 18 15 83% 4 4 100% 22 19 86% 0 2 2 21 4%
Investment 9 8 89% 13 13 100% 22 21 95% 0 1 1 22 5%
Mainstreaming 15 15 100% 16 16 100% 31 31 100% 22 43 65 96 20%
Market Access 11 10 91% 6 5 83% 17 15 88% 2 0 2 17 3%
Rules 12 12 100% 9 9 100% 21 21 100% 3 0 3 24 5%
Services 38 33 87% 15 12 80% 53 45 85% 6 7 13 58 12%
Short Trade Policy Courses 0 0  n.a. 12 12 100% 12 12 100% 0 0 0 12 2%
SPS and TBT 9 8 89% 26 25 96% 35 33 94% 5 5 10 43 9%
Textiles and Clothing 0 0 n.a. 4 4 100% 4 4 100% 0 0 0 4 1%
Trade and Environment 2 2 100% 12 12 100% 14 14 100% 1 6 7 21 4%
Trade Facilitation 9 8 89% 5 5 100% 14 13 93% 0 1 1 14 3%
Trade Negotiation Skills 3 2 67% 8 7 88% 11 9 82% 0 2 2 11 2%
TRIPS 5 5 100% 7 4 57% 12 9 75% 2 1 3 12 2%
TOTAL 209 189 90% 174 165 95% 383 354 92% 55 79 134 488 100%WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 25Table 3:  Implementation of TA acti vities by region, first semester 2003
Planned activities Ad hoc activities Total
implementation
National Regional / Global Total National Regional
/ GlobalTotalRegion
Planned Exec. Per
centPlanned Exec. Per cent Planned Exec. Per
centExec. Exec. Exec.Number
of
activitiesPer
cent
Africa 110 25 23% 46 22 48% 156 47 30% 12 8 20 67 36%
Arab and Middle
East18 1 6% 16 5 31% 34 6 18% 2 2 8 4%
Asia/Pacific 53 12 23% 34 13 38% 87 25 29% 5 5 30 16%
CEECACs 28 4 14% 20 8 40% 48 12 25% 3 1 4 16 9%
Latin America &Caribbean 45 25 56% 38 18 47% 83 43 52% 1 3 4 47 25%
Global 0 0 n.a. 33 11 33% 33 11 33% 9 9 20 11%
TOTAL 254 67 26% 187 77 41% 441 144 33% 16 28 44 188 100%
Note: table above includes 11 rolled-over activities from 2002 under planned executed activities.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 26 Table 4:  Implementation of TA activities by subject matter, first semester 2003
Planned activities Ad hoc activities Total
implementation
National Regional / Global Total National Regional
/ GlobalTotalSubject matter
Planned Exec. Per
centPlanned Exec. Per
centPlanned Exec. Per
centExec. Exec. Exec.Number
of
activitiesPer
cent
Accessions 8 1 13% 2 1 50% 10 2 20% 0 0 0 2 1%
Agriculture 13 1 8% 11 3 27% 24 4 17% 2 2 6 3%
Capacity building 63 20 32% 15 8 53% 78 28 36% 10 7 17 45 24%
Customs Valuation 4 2 50% 8 2 25% 12 4 33% 0 4 2%
Dispute Settlement 1 2 200% 7 6 86% 8 8 100% 0 8 4%
Implementation
Issues9 1 11% 3 1 33% 12 2 17% 1 1 3 2%
IT / WTO
Reference Centres25 7 28% 1 1 100% 26 8 31% 2 2 10 5%
Integrated
Framework andLDCs27 3 11% n.a. 27 3 11% 2 2 5 3%
Mainstreaming 2 0% 4 1 25% 6 1 17% 9 9 10 5%
Market Access 4 0% 10 2 20% 14 2 14% 0 2 1%
Regional Trade
Policy Coursesn.a 2 1 50% 2 1 50% 0 1 1%
Rules 13 6 46% 6 1 17% 19 7 37% 1 1 8 4%
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
Measures8 0% 11 6 55% 19 6 32% 1 1 7 4%
Services 29 16 55% 9 1 11% 38 17 45% 1 1 18 10%
Short Trade Policy
Coursesn.a 16 6 38% 16 6 38% 0 6 3%
Singapore Issues 19 5 26% 36 23 64% 55 28 51% 3 3 31 16%
Technical Barriers
to Trade7 0% 10 4 40% 17 4 24% 0 4 2%WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 27Table 4:  Implementation of TA activities by subject matter, first semester 2003
Planned activities Ad hoc activities Total
implementation
National Regional / Global Total National Regional
/ GlobalTotalSubject matter
Planned Exec. Per
centPlanned Exec. Per
centPlanned Exec. Per
centExec. Exec. Exec.Number
of
activitiesPer
cent
Textiles andClothingn.a 4 1 25% 4 1 25% 1 1 2 1%
Trade and
Environment3 0% 15 3 20% 18 3 17% 0 3 2%
Trade
Negotiations, incl.
DDA AdvancedTraining
Programme9 1 11% 14 6 43% 23 7 30% 2 2 4 11 6%
TRIPS 10 2 20% 3 0% 13 2 15% 0 2 1%
TOTAL 254 67 26% 187 77 41% 441 144 33% 16 28 44 188 100%
Note: The table above includes 11 rolled-over activities from 2002 under planned executed activities.  This explains why, in so me cases, the number of
implemented activities is higher than the number of planned activities.WT/MIN(03)/3
Page 28
ANNEX II
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA GLOBAL TRUST FUND
 CHFDonors
2001 2002 2003  Total
     
Members & Observers     
Australia        400,377       432,850       833,227
Austria        292,000        292,000
Belgium        299,315        299,315
Canada     1,050,600     1,050,600
Czech Republic         12,570         12,570
Denmark         587,400       587,400
Estonia         10,265         10,265
European Commission         818,160       818,160
Finland                   -                 -
France      1,475,000    1,475,000
Germany        772,481    1,348,366    2,120,847
Greece                    -
Hong-Kong, China        722,525        722,525
Iceland         15,000        15,000        30,000
Ireland        496,740        496,740
Italy     1,468,000     1,468,000
Japan     1,581,657       210,275    1,791,932
Korea        429,379        429,379
Liechtenstein         20,000         20,000
Luxembourg         45,668       181,375       227,043
Netherlands     2,029,455     2,029,455
Nigeria            1,000          1,000
Norway       234,908    1,273,839                 -    1,508,747
Poland         20,000         20,000
Spain          8,078       110,959        119,037
Sweden     4,111,200    1,602,693    5,713,893
Switzerland        749,999                 -       749,999
Chinese Taipei        473,427        473,427
UK        558,945                 -       558,945
USA     2,454,808                 -    2,454,808
WTO Members        46,924          46,924
Total       289,910  19,399,209    6,672,118  26,361,237
     
IGOs     
Arab Monetary Fund        123,118        123,118
Total                 -       123,118                 -       123,118
     
NGOs & Others     
                    -
Total                 -                 -                 -                 -
     
GRAND TOTAL       289,910  19,522,326    6,672,118  26,484,355
__________