WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION   
IP/Q/SUR/1 
IP/Q2/SUR/1 
IP/Q3/SUR/1 
IP/Q4/SUR/1 
8 June 2004 
 (04-2457) 
Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Original:  English 
 
 
  
REVIEW OF LEGISLATION 
 
SURINAME
1 
 
 
 The present document reproduces the introductory statement made by the delegation of Suriname, the questions put to it and the responses gi ven in connection with the review of legislation 
initiated at the Council's meeting of 2 to 5 April 2001.
2 
 
_______________ 
 
 
I. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT 
On 1 January 1995, Suriname became a Member  of the World Trade Organization (WTO), 
including the Agreement on Trade-Related Asp ects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). 
 
The TRIPS Agreement speaks to our WTO commitments with respect to intellectual property 
rights for implementation under national legislati on. Collaboration between the Government of 
Suriname and the competent WIPO authorities ensu red the emergence of a draft bill on Industrial 
Property in 1999 and, subsequently, other draft legislation on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights. 
The first referred to draft is now before Parliament .  The Ministry of Justice and Police is currently 
working on the drafting of an Explanatory Note. Th e second-mentioned draft is being translated into 
Dutch - a necessary hurdle -before a further review by Surinamese authorities.  A. O
VERVIEW OF RELEVANT NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS  
 The following is an overview of the existi ng national regulations relative to intellectual 
property in Suriname:  
1.  Regulations on Industrial Property for Suriname 1912, Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 
1912 no. 87 as amended by Bulletin of Ac ts and Decrees 1984 no. 55, referred to in 
practice as the Trademark Act., 
 2.  The Patent Act 1910, revised text, Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 1969 no. 43; 
 3.  The Copyright Act 1913, Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 1913 no. 15, revised text, 
Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 1946 no. 86,  as amended by Bulletin of Acts and 
Decrees 1983 no. 1; 
 
                                                      
1 As regards laws and regulations notified by Suriname  under Article 63.2 of the Agreement, reference 
is made to documents IP/N/1/SUR/I/1. 
2 The minutes of this meeting have been circulated as document IP/C/M/30. IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 2 
 
 
4.  Articles 390 and 400 of the Penal Code lay down legal penalties in case of unfair 
competition and public misinformation; and 
 
5.  By Act of 9 December 1995 containing further amendments to the Civil Code 
(Bulletin of Acts and Decrees 1868 no. 14, as amended in 1995 (the Bulletin of Acts 
and Decrees 1995 no. 101 refers) provisions  were introduced relative to product 
liability and misleading advertisements. 
  Suriname is party to the following conventions in the field of Intellectual Property: 
 
1.  The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.'  2.  The Nice Convention for the Internatio nal Classification of Goods and Services (for 
the purposes of trademark registration); 
 
3.  The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works;  4.  The Hague Arrangement concerning the International Deposit of  Industrial Designs; 
and 
 
5.  The Strasbourg Convention for the International Classification of Patents. 
 
 It should be noted at this juncture that , although Suriname is a party to the Hague 
Arrangement concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, no effect has been given to 
this agreement in domestic law. 
 
B. I
NDUSTRIAL PROPERTY  
1. Trademarks  
The Trademark Act lays down the competence of  the Industrial Property Bureau and also the 
rules applying to the registration of trademarks for goods. Current Surinamese trademark regulations 
are based on a declarative system, whereby the exclus ive right to a trademark can be obtained by use 
and not by registration of the trademark, the so-called "right of first use". 
 
As opposed to the declarative sy stem there is the attributive system in which the exclusive 
right is obtained by the deposit of the registration of the trademark "the right of first deposit or 
registration". This system is incorporated into cu rrent legislation. In practice, it appears that the 
declarative system causes problems: in cases where tr ademarks are not registered with the Bureau the 
owner of a trademark shall remain unknown.  
The current public trademark register comprises entries in alphabetical order, in order to 
facilitate investigations by interested parties of  the occurrence of the same or similar trademarks. 
Furthermore, a start was made with the publication of  a backlog of registered trademarks in the past 
14 years in the Industrial Property Supplement.  This Supplement can be obtained from the Ministry 
of Home Affairs.  The publication of trademarks  is one of the requirements mentioned in the 
Trademark Act and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Trademarks .  Non-publication of 
trademarks has led to the registration of the same  and similar trademarks in the public trademark 
register. 
 
In addition, the administrative procedure for the registration of trademarks has been partially 
automated: the investigation of previously registered  trademarks is one such example.  The complete 
administrative procedure is expected to be fully au tomated in the near futu re with the assistance of IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 3 
 
 WIPO.  More effective promotion of the Bureau has increased the number of applications for the registration of trademarks.  
Currently, between approximately 1500 and 2000 tr ademarks are registered annually. This 
compares favourably with the figure to the pr esent of between 500 and 1000 registrations per annum. 
The increase in registrations relates sp ecifically to Surinamese trademarks. 
 
2. Patents  
Since 1977, no patents have been registered in Suriname. In the absence of relevant 
regulations and the outdated Act, th e Bureau's reaction was not to accept any patent applications.  As 
a provisional solution, applicants were referred to civ il law notaries to have their inventions registered 
by notarial deed.  
Considering the high costs involved in that process, the Bureau - in September 1999 - 
accepted a Surinamese patent application on the basis of Article 59 of the Patent Act.  It was then 
decided to treat the patent applications on the basi s of legislation in force and to send them on to 
WIPO for a free technical review.  This worki ng method was used in anticipation of the draft 
legislation.  In practice, the Bureau deals almost exclusively with applications for the registration of 
trademarks.  3. Draft Industrial Property Legislation 
Turning to consideration of the draft Act: the Law on Industrial Property provides for the 
protection of the following items:  
- patents, with the possibility of non-voluntary licences and exploitation by the 
Government or a person authorised by it; 
 - international applications under the Pate nt Co-operation Treaty (PCT).  Suriname, 
however, has not yet acceded to the PCT.  Th e PCT offers the possibility of applying 
for national as well as international protecti on.  As mentioned earlier, the technical 
review can be effected, amongs t others, by WIPO, free of charge.  The final decision 
on granting the patents is left to the sole discretion of member states. 
 
- industrial designs, including an arrangement for licence agreements granting a five 
year protection period; 
 
-  marks and collective marks for goods and services;  
 -  opposition;  -  licensing of marks and collective marks; - unfair competition;  
-  geographical indications;  
 -  known marks;  -  legal remedies against violati ons of industrial property rights. 
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 4 
 
 C. C
OPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS  
 The Copyright Act offers authors of literary, sci entific and artistic works protection by law. 
No registration is required for exercising copyright.  
I would draw your attention to Article 10 of this Act which establishes literary, scientific and 
artistic works as being "in general, any literary, sci entific or artistic works no matter in what manner 
or form it can be reproduced", thereby including films, video-films, musical cassettes, CDs and 
computer programs.  
Based on the penal provisions in the Copyright Act, it is indeed possible to take measures 
against the violation of copyright.  The sanctions range from a fine of at least SF 10,000 to a two year prison sentence.  
On the matter of the mediation process in respect of musical copyright, it may be timely to 
note that Suriname was elected in June 1999, at a regional Intellectual Property meeting for the 
Caribbean, to the regional Committee for the Coll ective Management of Copyright and Related 
Rights. A regional system for musical copyright in collaboration with national musical copyright 
associations is under consideration.  
 Article 30 bis of our current Copyright Act stipulates the requirements for recourse to 
mediation in respect of musical copyright:  
 -  permission is granted by the Minister of Justice and Police;   -  on the basis of an agreement between the association and the members: the 
agreements are null and void in instances where permission is withheld by the 
Minister of Justice and Police;  
 -  furthermore, under Article 30 bis, by decision of the President of the Republic of 
Suriname, additional pr ovisions will relate to supervis ing the person or association to 
whom the requisite permission has been accorded;  
 
-  the association may be liable for the costs of supervision. 
 
The rules concerning product liability laid down in the Civil Code include the prohibition and 
rectification of claims regarding misleading advertisements. 
 
The draft legislation on Copyright and Nei ghbouring Rights will offer protection for the 
following items:  
 -  protection of folklore;   
-  favourable arrangements for translations;  
 -  exemptions for education;   -  separate arrangements for licences;  
 
-  protection of computer programs;   -  protection of performing artists;   IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 5 
 
 
-  producers of musical works;   -  broadcasting organizations;   
-  conservatory and provisional measures;  
 -  civil law measures for recovery as well as penal provisions. 
 D. B
REEDERS ' RIGHTS (PROTECTION OF PLANTS AND PLANT VARIETIES ) 
  The International Convention for the Protec tion of New Varieties of Plants (the UPOV) 
provides a regime which ensures the protection of breeders' rights.  Suriname, at the present time, 
does not have specific legislation dealing with the subject matter.  The Bureau and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries at tended a regional UPOV seminar in May 1998 and 
subsequently received the Breeders' Act of Trinid ad and Tobago, which provides a sound basis for the 
development of model legislation in the region.  It is the intention to work on this model in 
collaboration with relevant institu tions including Anton de Kom University of Suriname (ADEK), the 
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, and UPOV.  This model meets the 
requirements of the TRIPS Agreement, but is inhibite d by constraints such as the lack of institutional, 
financial and technical capacity.  
E. C
ONCLUSION  
It can be concluded that, despite Suriname 's membership in several conventions on 
intellectual property, the current intellectual property regime offers limited protec tion.  We realise that 
it is in the national interest to implement an optimum  level of protection of intellectual property at the 
earliest possible date.  This situation does not de rive from our unwillingness to fulfil our obligations 
under the TRIPS Agreement.  We are therefore looki ng forward to the technical assistance that the 
WTO Secretariat and, possibly, Members, can offer.  
I wish to thank you Mr. Chairman, and delega tes, for your attention and trust that this 
presentation, in conjunction with the written re sponses submitted, will provide a comprehensive 
overview of Suriname's legislation on intellectua l property and, by extension, with the TRIPS 
Agreement.  Should there be any further questions or  points for clarification, we would be happy to 
respond to them at a time deemed appropriate.   
II. RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS POSED BY CANADA 
1. Please describe how the enforcement obligations (Articles 41-61 of the TRIPS 
Agreement) have been implemented. 
 
 Our current legislation does not yet meet th e obligations mentioned above.  We do have a 
Draft Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, which provides in the implementing of these 
obligations. 
 
2. What protection does your Copyright legislation afford to "foreign works"? 
 
 Our Copyright Law provides for the same protection of copyright to foreign works as it does to national works.  However, such works must be disclosed in Suriname.  The protection period is 50 
years from the date of death of the creator. 
  IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 6 
 
 
III. RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS POSED BY  THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND 
THEIR MEMBER STATES 
A. G
ENERAL PROVISIONS  
1. Please describe if your legislation includes measures necessary to protect public health 
and nutrition, and to promote the public interes t in sectors of vital importance to your socio-
economic and technological development as mentioned under Article 8 of the TRIPS Agreement.  If yes, please explain how such me asures are consistent with the provisions of the 
TRIPS Agreement. 
  Public health is protected in several laws a nd regulations.  In genera l, all nutrition products 
that are brought on the market must meet the labe lling requirements and must provide for an expiring 
date.  B. C
OPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS  
2. Please state how your legislation provides for the protection of the exclusive rights of 
authors in relation to their literary and artistic works, as specified in Article 9 of the TRIPS 
Agreement which requires Members to comply with  Articles 1-21 of the Berne Convention and 
the Appendix to the Berne Convention (1971)).  
 Our Copyright law is based on the right of "first use".  Registration is not required for exercising copyrights.  Our Copyright Law provides fo r  the protection of authors of literary works, 
scientific or artistic works.  Violation of copyrights,  in terms of  the penal provisions in our Copyright 
law, range from SRG10.000 to imprisonment of 2 years.  
 
3. Please describe the protection accorded to authors of computer programs, databases or 
compilations of data.   
 In article 10 of our Copyright Law is stated th at in generally any literary work, scientific or 
artistic work, no matter in what form, can be reproduc ed.  This indicates that  computer programs and 
databases are also included in the protection of Copyrights.  
 
4. Please state whether your legislation provides fo r a rental right and, if so, the works to 
which it applies.  
 Our legislation does not provide for a rental right.  
 
5. Please describe the rights granted to p erformers, producers of phonograms (sound 
recordings) and broadcasting organizations under your legislation.  
 Our legislation does not provide for the rights granted to performers, producers of 
phonograms (sound recordings) and broadcasting organizations. 
 
6. Please state whether your legislation provides for any limitation or exception in relation 
to each of the rights described above in acco rdance with the relevant provisions of the Berne 
and Rome Conventions and in light of Articles 13 and 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement.  
 Please refer to our answer to question 5. 
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 7 
 
 
7. Please state the terms of protection of ea ch right described above and the work or 
subject matter to which it applies.  
 Please refer to our answers to questions 5 and 6. 
 8. Please state how your legislation grants the retroactive protection provided pursuant to 
Article 18 of the Berne Convention (the obligation of which derives from Article 9 of the TRIPS Agreement) and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement. 
  Our legislation does not provide for the retro active protection pursuant to article 18 of the 
Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement.  
C. T RADEMARKS  
9. Please give the definition of a sign under your national legislation and explain under 
what conditions it is protectable. 
 
 Our current legislation does not mention signs.  However, Article 32.1 of our Draft Law on 
Industrial Property does mention that  "mark" mean s "any visible sign capable of distinguishing the 
goods ('trademark') or services ('service mark') of an  enterprise".  According to article 32.2 a sign 
should be visible and capable of distinguishing the goods or services of an enterprise to be 
protectable.  
 
10. Please confirm whether or not services are a protectable subject matter in your 
trademark law.  Please confirm if signs, such as  trade names, are protectable.  Please describe if 
elements such as sound, perfumes and containers are protectable. 
  Services are not a protectable subject matter in  our current Trademark Law, but are included 
in our Draft Law on Industrial Property.  Article  32 of this Draft mentions "goods or services". 
Elements such as sound, perfumes and containers  are not provided for in our Trademark Law.  
 
11. Please explain what the requirements of use are, if any, as a condition for a trademark 
registration.  Please explain the definition of  use and the conditions of maintenance of a 
registration in that respect.  
 Our current Trademark Law is based on a declar ative system, which means that the exclusive 
right to a  trademark can be obtained by the use and not by the registration of a trademark (the "right 
of first use").  Article 2 of our Trademark Law stat es that the exclusive right to a trademark can be 
obtained by the person who has first used such a tr ademark.  Further more, a claim on "first use" 
should be no longer than 3 years after the last use of the trademark.  
 
12. Please confirm whether or not your legislation permits that the registration of 
trademarks be indefinitely renewable. 
  According to article 19 of our Trademark Law,  trademark registration are renewable if the 
applicant meets with all the formaliti es required for the first registration. 
  Renewals must be applied within the peri od of ten years from the date of registration.  
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 8 
 
 
13. Please describe the special requirements, if any, prescribed by your legislation 
concerning the use of a trademark. 
 
 There are no special requirements prescribed by our Trademark Law concerning the use of a 
trademark. However,  the  Articles 390 and 400 of our Penal Code provide in legal remedies against 
unfair competition and misleading the public.  
D. G EOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS  
14. Please explain whether or not your tr ademark registration authority refuses a 
trademark application if it contains a geographical indication. 
 
 Our trademark registration authority does refuse a trademark if it contains a geographical 
indication.  Although our Trademark Law does not incl ude "geographical indication", such is stated in 
Article 6 quinquies  of the Paris Convention. 
 
 In article 33 of our Draft Law on Industrial Property is also provided for the authority to refuse a trademark registration  on the ground of geographical indication.  Follow-up question 
 
 Please clarify the reference to Article 6 quinquies  of the Paris Convention.  Please provide, 
if existing, an example of a trademark that has been refused on the basis of a conflicting geographical indication.  Please explain where in Suriname's law the definition of Article 22.1 of the TRIPS Agreement has been acknowledged/inco rporated.  Please explain the difference, 
according to Suriname's law, between geogra phical origin and geographical indication. 
  [No response received]. 
 
15. Please give the definition of a geographical indication in your legislation. 
 
 A trademark can be considered as to give a geographical indication when it is likely to 
mislead the public or trade circles, in particular  as regards the geographical origin of the goods or 
services concerned or their nature or characteristics.  Follow-up question 
 
 Please clarify your answer. 
 
 [No response received]. 
 
16. Please describe and explain the provisions of your legislation establishing a link, if any, 
between the characteristics of an indication and its geographical origin. 
  The indication of the geographical origin could lead to a certain expectation about the quality 
of the product(s) to which such a trademark is re lated. If a trademark indicates a certain geographical 
origin the public must be protected from misleading, otherwise it should not be granted for registration. 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for additional protection to wines and spirits.  IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 9 
 
 Follow-up question 
 
 Please explain the link between "a certain ex pectation about the quality of a product" and 
Article 22.1 of the TRIPS Agreement wording when referring to a "given quality, (…) of the good 
is essentially attributable to its geographical origin". 
 
 [No response received]. 
 
17. Please describe how additional protection is granted by your legislation to wines and 
spirits.  Please mention other types of products, if any, covered by this additional protection. 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for additional protection to wines and spirits. 
 Follow-up question 
 
 Please explain how Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement is implemented by Suriname's 
legislation. 
 
 [No response received]. 
 18. Please explain how exceptions under Article 24 of the TRIPS Agreement are used in 
your jurisdiction.  Please provide examples of the use of the exceptions by courts or lists of names considered as generic in your jurisdiction.  
 There has not been any conflict yet, that could lead to jurisprudence. 
 
Follow-up question 
 
 Please provide a definition and/or the criteria to characterise, from a legal perspective, a 
name as a "generic". 
   [No response received]. 
 E. I
NDUSTRIAL DESIGNS  
19. Please explain whether or not your legislation extends to the protection of designs 
dictated essentially by technical or functional considerations.  Please explain how textile designs 
are protected. 
 
 Our current law does not yet protect Industrial Designs.  However, such is the case in our 
Draft Law on Industrial Property.  According to ar ticle 25 of the Draft "any composition of lines or 
colours or any three-dimensional form, whether or not  associated with lines or colours, is deemed to 
be an industrial design, provided that such co mposition or form gives a special appearance to a 
product of industry or handicraft and can serve as a pa ttern for a product of industry or handicraft".   
  Article 25 of the Draft further states that the protection of Industrial Designs does not extend to "anything in an industrial d esign which serves solely to obtain a technical result and to the extent 
that it leaves no freedom as regards arbitrary features of appearance".  IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 10 
 
 
20. Please explain how your legislation protects right holders of a design against importing 
of articles bearing embodied or copied design. 
 
 Article 30 of our Draft Law on Industrial Property states in the first section that the agreement 
of the registered owner is required for the exploita tion of a registered industrial design in Suriname. 
Furthermore, the Draft states in th e second section that "exploitation" of a registered industrial design 
means "the making, selling or importation of articles incorporating the industrial design". 
 
21. Please state whether or not your legislation pr ovides for the right to issue a compulsory 
licence for industrial designs. 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for the right to issue a compulsory licence for industrial 
designs.  22. Please indicate for what period of time your legislation grants protection for industrial 
designs. 
 
 Article 30 of our Draft Law on Industrial Prope rty provides for the protection of industrial 
designs for a period of five years from the filing date of the application of registration.  
F. P
ATENTS  
23. Please describe how your legislation defines the notions of: novelty, inventiveness and 
industrial application.  
 Our current Patent Law does not defines "novelty", "inventiveness" and "industrial 
application".  However, article 2 of our Draf t law on Industrial Property sets out and defines 
"novelty", "inventive step" and "industrial applicab ility" as the three basic conditions for patentability 
of an invention;  
2(1) "an invention is patentable if it is new,  involves an inventive step and is industrially 
applicable". 
 
 2(2) "an invention is new if it is not anticipated by prior art". 
 
2(3)  "prior art shall consist of everything disclosed to public, anywhere in the world, by 
publication in tangible form or by oral disclosure, by use or in any other way, prior to 
the filing or, where appropriate, the priori ty date, of the applicant claiming the 
invention". 
 
24. Please explain whether or not in your legislation, patent or otherwise, patent rights are 
enjoyed without any exclusions.  If exclusions  are provided for, please describe in detail how 
these exclusions are applied in legal as well as practical terms. 
  According to article 32 of our Patent Law the ri ghts of a patent right holder do not extend to 
acts performed by any person who in good faith, before the filing date or where priority is claimed, 
the priority date of the application on which the patent is granted and, in Suriname, was using the 
invention or was making effective and serious preparations for such use.  
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 11 
 
 
25. Please explain whether your legislation provid es for the exclusion of inventions from 
patentability based on ordre public  or morality.  If so, please explain the relevant section of your 
legislation and explain its formulation.  Please al so explain if it has been applied in practice. 
 
 Article 5 of our Patent Law provides for the refusal of a patent based on ordre public  or 
morality.  
26. Please explain whether or not diagnostic, th erapeutic and surgical methods are excluded 
from patentability in your legislation. If so, pl ease explain the relevant section of your legislation 
and explain its formulation. 
 
 Our Patent Law does not mention diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods. In 
article 2(c)(3) of our Draft Law on Industrial Property, methods of app lication on the human or animal 
body by surgery or therapy, as well as by diagnostic procedures are excluded. 
 27. Please explain whether or not plants, anim als and essentially biological processes are 
excluded from patentability in your legislation. If so, please explain the relevant section of your legislation and explain its formulation.  
 Our current Patent Law does not mention the exclusion of plants, animals and biological processes from patentability.  In article 1(2)(a) of our  Draft Law on Industrial Property, an invention 
is defined as "an idea  of an invent or which permits in  practice the solution to a specific problem in 
the field of technology".  
 
28. Please describe how micro-organisms, non-essentially biological processes, 
microbiological processes and plant varieties are prot ected in your legislation.  Please explain, in 
this respect, the relevant sections of your legislation.  
 Our Patent Law does not include the pr otection of micro-organisms, non-essentially 
biological processes, microbiological processes and plan t varieties.  Please note that we are currently 
working on a Draft Act on Biodiversity.  29. Please explain how your legislation protects patent right holders against the importing 
and against the offering for sale of a patented invention.  
 Article 30 of our Patent Law gives the exclusiv e right to a patent right holder to produce that, 
what is subject matter to such patent, to distribute it, to  sell it, to rent it, to deliver it to others or to use 
it.  Therefore importing without the consent of th e patent right holder can be considered as an 
infringement of his right. 
 
30. Please state if your legislation provides for patent product protection of pharmaceutical 
and agricultural chemical products.  In the a ffirmative, please indicate the legal reference. 
 
 Pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical produc ts are not explicitly mentioned in our Patent 
Law, but can be brought under the general term "inve ntion", if it is new and industrially applicable 
(article 3 and 4 of our Patent Law). 
 
31. Please clarify if the patent protection of a pr ocess, as provided for in your legislation, 
covers the product obtained directly by that process. 
 
 Our Patent Law is not clear on this matter.  However, article 10(2) of our Draft Law on 
Industrial Property does indicate that a patent shall be granted either in respect of a product or in 
respect of a process. IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 12 
 
 
32. Please explain the additional conditions, if any, in your legislation other than the 
sufficient disclosure of the invention in Articl e 29 of the TRIPS Agreement (e.g. submission of 
justification for access to genetic material or prior inform consent to its use).  If such additional 
conditions exist, please point out the relevant legi slations and describe the additional conditions 
in detail. 
 
 Article 22b of our Patent Law as well as article 4(3) of our Draft Law on Industrial Property 
states that the description shall disclose the inventio n in a manner sufficiently clear and complete for  
the invention to be carried out by any person having or dinary skill in the art and shall, in particular, 
indicate at least one mode known to the applicant for carrying out the invention. 
 
33. Please describe if your legislation provides for limited exceptions to the exclusive rights 
conferred by a patent.  If affirmative, pl ease make a reference to relevant legislation. 
 
 Article 32 of our Patent Law provides for ri ghts of a "prior-user" and applicants with a 
priority claim.  Article 34 of our Patent Law provides for compulsory licensing in case of Industrial and National importance. 
 
34. Please explain whether or not your legislation provides for compulsory licensing.  If so, 
please explain in detail the conditions under which a compulsory licence may be granted.  In 
particular, please explain how your national le gislation considers individual merits in the 
authorization of such use.  
 Please refer to our answer to question 33 above. 
 
35. Please explain how your legislation explicit ly ensures that a proposed user has made 
efforts to obtain authorization from the ri ght holder on reasonable commercial terms and 
conditions and that such efforts have not been su ccessful within a reasonable period of time. In 
this context, how do you define "reasonable p eriod of time".  Please also explain how your 
legislation ensures that the use of a compulsory licence shall be authorised predominantly for the supply to the domestic market of the Member authorizing such use. 
  Our legislation does not define a "reasonable peri od of time".  Article 32( 4) of our Patent Law 
only mentions the burden of proof. 
 
36. Please state if your legislation grants additional protection for innovations after the 20 
years of patent protection has lapsed. 
 
 Our legislation does not grant additional protec tion for innovations after 20 the years of patent 
protection has lapsed. According to article 47 of our  Patent Law, the invention than becomes public 
domain. 
 
37. Please explain how your legislation provides for the enhanced patent protection of 
patents or patent applications pending on 1
 January 1995. 
 
 Our legislation has not provided for the enhan ced patent protection of patents or patent 
applications.  
 
38. Please explain how your legislation provides for the reversal of the burden of proof in 
relation to process patents.  
 According to article 43(4) of our  Patent Law, in case of violation of the right of a patent right 
holder, the defendant has the burden of proof. IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 13 
 
 G. L
AYOUT -DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES ) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS  
39. Please describe how your legislation protects Topographies. 
 
 Please note that our legislation does not provide for the protection of layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits.  Therefore questions 39-42 have not been answered. 
 
40. Please explain what protection your national legislation grants to right holders against 
the unlawful importation, sale or distribut ion for commercial purposes of topographies 
including integrated circuits or other articles  in which a topography is incorporated in 
accordance with Article 36 of the TRIPS Agreement. 
 
 Please see the response to question 39. 
 
41. Please explain how your legislation provides for the derogation from Article 36 as 
specified in Article 37 of the TRIPS Agreement where a person has no knowledge or reasonable 
grounds to know when acquiring an integrated circuit or an article incorporating such an integrated circuit that it contains an unlawful topography.   
 Please see the response to question 39. 
 
42. Please state the term of protection granted by your legislation to topographies. 
 
  Please see the response to question 39. 
 H. P
ROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION  
43. Please explain whether or not your legislation grants a defined period of time for the 
protection of undisclosed information. If so, please give the time span.  
 Please note that our legislation does not provide for the protection of undisclosed information. 
Therefore questions 43-45 have not been answered. 
 
44. Please explain how your legislation defines "undisclosed information". 
 
 Please see the reply to question 43. 
 
45. Please explain how your legislation defi nes data submitted to governments or 
governmental agencies. 
 
 Please see the reply to question 43. 
 I. E
NFORCEMENT  
46. Please describe how your legislation provides fo r effective action against infringement of 
intellectual property rights. 
 
 In the articles 26-37 of our Copyright Law ther e are provisions for effective actions against 
infringement of copyright materials, such as co mpensation of the right holder, seizure and/or 
destruction of the materials and imprisonment of the offender. 
 
 Articles 390, 400, 508, 508a and 520 of our Crim inal Law Code provide for the protection of 
Government emblems.  Also refer to article 9( 2),10 and 11 of our Trademark Law; the Attorney IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 14 
 
 General Office is competent of applying for the invalidation of any trademark opposing with the 
public order or morality.  The Court of Justice wi ll decide whether such an invalidation shall be 
ordered.  
 
47. Please explain whether or not your legislat ion provides for a mechanism to appeal to 
judicial bodies of final administrative decisions.  
 All Intellectual Property  matters are  brought  before the High Court (Hof van Justitie). 
 
48. Please describe how your legislation author izes judges to order production of evidence 
by the opposing party.  Please give precise info rmation on what measures are taken to ensure 
the protection of confidential information.  
 There are no special measures to ensure th e protection of confidential information. 
 
49. Please quote provisions of your legislation that authorize judges to order a defendant to 
desist from an infringement. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 46. 
 
50. Please quote what provisions of your legislation authorize judges to order the payment 
to the right holder of adequate damages to compensate the injury he suffered. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 46. 
 
51. Please quote what provisions of your legislation authorize judges to order the payment 
of the right holder's expenses by the infringer. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 46. 
 
52. Please explain if and how judges have the authority to order that infringing goods are 
placed outside channels of commerce or destroyed.  
 Please refer to our answer to question 46. 
 
53. Please quote what provisions of your legislation authorize judges to indemnify a 
defendant in the event of abuse by the plaintiff.  
 Please refer to our answer to question 46. 
 
54. Please explain how your legislation implements Article 50 the TRIPS Agreement. 
  The TRIPS Agreement has not yet been implemented in our legislation. 
 
55. Please identify the competent authorities in  your jurisdiction who receive requests from 
right holders for an application to suspend the release of counterfeit goods by the customs authorities. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 46. 
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 15 
 
 
56. Please indicate whether or not procedures  are available to suspend the exporting of 
counterfeit goods. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 46.  57. Please quote what provisions of your legisl ation authorize the competent authorities to 
order the destruction or disposal of infringing goods. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 46.  58. Please indicate whether or not your legislation provides for a de minimis imports exception. 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for a  de minimis  import exception. 
 59. Please explain how your legislation implements Article 61 of the TRIPS Agreement. 
 
 The TRIPS Agreement has not yet been implemented in our legislation.  
 
IV. RESPONSE TO A QUESTION POSED BY JAPAN 
 C
OPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS  
 Please explain exceptions or exemptions of  the National Treatment and Most-Favoured-
Nation Treatment under the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Law, if any, as permitted in Articles 3 and 4 of the TRIPS Agreement. 
 
 There are no exceptions or exemptions to  national treatment and most-favoured-nation 
treatment under our Copyright Law.   
V. RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS POSED BY SWITZERLAND 
A. P
ATENTS  
1. In your law, are patents available for all cate gories of products?  In particular, are all 
pharmaceutical products patentable?  Are there an y exceptions?  If so please explain in detail 
what these exceptions are and how they comply  with Article 27 of the TRIPS Agreement. 
 
 According to article 3 of our Patent Law, an invention is patentable only if its purpose is the 
production of something that is industrially applicable. 
 
Follow-up question 
  Please confirm whether, in your patent legi slation, no subject matter is excluded from 
patentability.  In case there should be such ex ceptions, please explain how they comply with 
Article  27 of the TRIPS Agreement.   
 [No response received]. 
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 16 
 
 
2. Does your law, in accordance with Article 27.1 in combination with Article 31 of the 
TRIPS Agreement, consider importation as "working a patent" (and therefore preclude 
compulsory licensing, if a product is being imported)? 
 
 Our Patent law does not mention importation as "working a patent".  However, in Article 30 
of our Patent Law "distributing" is mentioned as a ri ght of the patent right holder, which indicates that 
compulsory licensing is possible if a product is being imported.  
Follow-up question 
  In your answer you mention that compulsory lic ensing is possible even in the case that a 
product is being imported to your country.  Plea se explain how this complies with Article  27.1 
of the TRIPS Agreement which provides that patent rights shall be enjoyable without discrimination as to whether products  are imported or locally produced. 
  [No response received]. 
 
3. Does your law make compulsory licenses subj ect to all the conditions enumerated in 
Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement?  Please cite the relevant provisions of law. 
  Article 34 of our Patent Law provides in co mpulsory licensing in case of industrial and 
national importance.  
4. Does your legislation provide for the principle of the reversal of burden of proof in a 
process patent litigation?  Please cite the relevant provisions of law. 
 
 Article 43(4)of our Patent Law is based on the principle of the reversal of burden of proof in a 
process patent litigation.  Article 43(4) states that, in  case of violation of the right of a patent right 
holder, the defendant has the burden of proof.  
Follow-up question 
  Please indicate whether your legislation ma kes the granting of compulsory license 
subject to other conditions besides the ones mentioned in your answer (i. e. "in case of industrial and national importance".  In particular are a ll the conditions enumerated in Article  31 of the 
TRIPS Agreement incorporated in your law?) 
  [No response received]. 
 
B. P
ROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION  
5. Please explain in detail if your legislation ensures that undisclosed and confidential test 
data or other data submitted by an applicant to the responsible State agency in the procedure 
for market authorisation of a pharmaceutical or of an agricultural chemical product is 
protected against disclosure and against unfair comm ercial use by a competitor, for example by 
prohibiting a second applicant from relying on, or fr om referring to the original data of the first 
applicant, when applying subsequently for mark et authorisation for his own product.  Does 
your legislation provide for exceptions to this?  If yes, under what conditions would such 
exceptions apply?  Does your legislation provide  for a defined period of protection for 
undisclosed information/for such test  data of the first applicant? 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for the protection of undisclosed information. 
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 17 
 
 
Follow-up question 
  You mention that your legislation does not provide for the protection of undisclosed 
information in your country.  Does this mean that the obligations contained in Article  39 of the 
TRIPS Agreement are directly applicable in your legislation? 
  Please specify whether the responsible State Agency will require, in the procedure for market authorisation of a pharmaceutical or of an agricultural chemical product, the same 
amount of data from a second applicant request ing market authorisation for a similar or 
identical product as from the first applicant.  
 [No response received].   VI. RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS POSED BY THE UNITED STATES 
A. G
ENERAL  
1. Please describe, in relation to each form of intellectual property covered by the TRIPS 
Agreement, including plant variety protection, th e manner in which nation treatment and most-
favoured-nation treatment are provided to nationals of other WTO Members. 
 
 There is no different treatment to na tionals of other (WTO Member) states 
 B. C
OPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS  
2. Please explain whether and how the copyri ght law of Suriname complies with Article 9 
of the TRIPS Agreement requiring that Members comply with all Articles 1 through 21 of the 
Berne Convention (1971), except Article 6 bis, since Members do not have rights or obligations 
relating to the latter Article under the TRIPS Agreement. 
 
 The TRIPS Agreement has not yet been implemented in our Copyright Law. 
 
3. Please explain how the copyright law of  Suriname protects computer programs as 
literary works and complications of data as required by Article 10 of the TRIPS Agreement. 
 
 In Article 10 of our Copyright Law is stated th at in generally any literary work, scientific or 
artistic work, no matter in what form, can be repr oduced.  This indicates that computer programs and 
databases are also included in the protection of Copyrights.  4. Article 11 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that rental rights for computer programs and cinematographic works be available.  Please cite to the corresponding provision of the 
copyright law of Suriname. 
 
 Our Copyright Law does not provide for a rental right.    
 5. Please state the length and terms of protection the copyright law of Suriname provides  for a work other than a photographic work or a work of applied art and cite to the relevant provision of law. 
 
 According to article 38 of  our Copyright Law the Copyright protection last for 50 years from 
the first January from the year following the year of death of the creator of the work. 
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 18 
 
 
6. Please describe the protection the copyright law of Suriname provides for performers, 
and the term of the protection. 
 
 Our Copyright Law does not provide for the protection of neighbouring rights. 
 
7. Article 14.2 of the TRIPS Agreement provi des that producers of phonograms are to 
enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of their phonograms.  Article 14.2 requires that producers of phonogr ams are to have the right to authorize or 
prohibit the commercial rental to the public of originals or copies of their phonograms.  Please 
describe how the copyright law of Suriname implem ents these obligations and indicate the term 
of protection. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 4.    
C. T
RADEMARKS  
8. Please describe the subject matter that can comprise a trademark under the trademark 
law of Suriname. 
 
 Any visible sign, capable of distinguishing goods of one or more enterprises from the goods 
of another enterprise is capable of being a trademark, as long as they are: 
 
- not identical with or confusingly similar to  an already registered mark or a well 
known mark; 
- not  identical with or not an imitation of or do not contains as an element, an armorial 
bearing, flag or other emblem, a name or abbreviation or initials of the name of or 
official sign or hallmark adopted by any state, intergovernmental organization or 
organization created by an international convention; 
- not contrary to public order or morality  (Article 4.3 of our Trademark Law). 
9. Please describe the procedure that must  be followed to register a trademark in 
Suriname, citing the relevant provisions of the law, and describe the rights that the owner of a registered mark can exercise.   
 
 The application must be filed in duplo.  The application will be examined and the  Registrar 
will determine whether it complies with all the require ments of article 4 of our Trademark Law.  If so, 
the Registrar must forthwith cause the application,  as accepted, to be published in the prescribed 
manner (article 5 and 6 of our Tr ademark Law).  Where the registration of the mark has not been 
opposed within a period of nine months or it has been opposed but the opposition has been decided on 
the applicant's favour, the Registrar shall register the mark, publish a reference to the registration and 
issue to the applicant a certificate of the registration. 
 
10. Please provide the length and terms of pr otection that the trademark law of Suriname 
provides for a trademark.   
 
 A trademark protection  in Suriname is granted for a period of ten years.  The use within three 
years is required.  IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 19 
 
 D. G
EOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS  
11.  Please describe in detail how the laws of Suriname provide for the recognition and 
protection of geographical indications required by  Article 22.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, citing 
to the relevant provisions of law or regulation, and provide examples of geographical 
indications so protected.   
 We do not have Law on Geographical Indications .  However, in respect of  the mentioned 
article of the trips Agreement, we do consider th e refusal of a trademark which gives a misleading 
geographical indication. 
 
12. Please describe in detail the manner in which the higher level of protection required for 
wines and spirits under Article 23.2 of the TRI PS Agreement is implemented, citing to the 
relevant provisions of law or regulation, and provide examples of geographical indications for such products. 
 
 There is no higher level of protection for win es and spirits implemented in our legislation. 
However, we do consider the mentioned article in cases of trademark registration for wines and spirits.  E. I
NDUSTRIAL DESIGNS  
13. Please describe the procedure that must be  followed to obtain protection for industrial  
designs, citing to the provisions of the la w of Suriname, and describe the nature of the 
protection provided. 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for protection for industrial designs.  14. Please describe the procedure that must be followed to obtain protection for textile 
designs and cite to the relevant provisions of law or regulation. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 13.  
F. P
ATENTS  
15. Please describe in detail the way in which the patent law of Suriname implements 
Article 27 of the TRIPS Agreement, indicating  any exceptions provided for, and including 
details regarding the protection for micro-or ganisms and non-biological and microbiological 
processes and plant varieties.  Please cite to the relevant provisions of the law. 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for the prot ection for micro-organisms, non-biological and 
micro-biological processes and plant varieties. 
 
16. Please describe in detail the rights provi ded patent holders under the patent law of 
Suriname and cite to the relevant provisions of law. 
 
 Our Patent Law provides for a 20-year protecti on for inventions.  However, it should be noted 
that we do not yet examine patent applications. 
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 20 
 
 
17. Please describe in detail any provisions in th e laws of Suriname permitting unauthorized 
use of a patent, citing to the relevant provisions of law, and describe in detail the conditions under which such use can occur.    
 Article 32 of our Patent Law provides for rights of a "prior user" and applicants with a prior 
claim.  Article 34 of our Patent Law provides for compulsory licensing in case of industrial and national importance.  
 
18. What term of protection does the patent la w of Suriname provide for patents?  Please 
describe any provisions for extension of the term of protection and cite to the relevant 
provisions of the law. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 16.  
G. L
AYOUT -DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES ) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS  
19. Please describe in detail the protection for layout-designs of integrated circuits provided 
under the laws of Suriname, including the term of  protection, and cite to the relevant provisions 
of law. 
 
 Our legislation does not protect layout-designs of integrated circuits. 
 
H.  U NDISCLOSED INFORMATION  
20. Please describe in detail how the laws of Suriname provide for the protection of 
undisclosed information as required by Articl e 39.2 of the TRIPS Agreement and provide 
citations to the relevant provisions of law.  
  Our legislation does not provide for the protection of undisclosed information. 
 
21. Please describe in detail the manner in whic h protection is provided test data regarding 
pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical produc ts submitted to the government in order to 
obtain marketing approval in Suriname and cite to the relevant provisions of law. 
  Our legislation does not provide for the above mentioned. 
 
22. Are other applicants for marketing approv al for their own versions of a previously 
approved pharmaceutical or agricultural chemical products permitted to rely on data submitted 
by the earlier applicant?  If so, how long a peri od of exclusivity is given the earlier applicant 
before such reliance becomes possible. 
 
 Our legislation does not provide for the above mentioned.  I.  E
NFORCEMENT – GENERAL OBLIGATIONS , CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND 
REMEDIES AND PROVISIONAL MEASURES  
23. Please describe in detail the manner in which the laws of Suriname provide for effective 
action against infringement of intellectual prop erty rights as required by Article 41.1 of the 
TRIPS Agreement.   
 Enforcement of intellectual property rights lies with the right holder.   
 IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 
Page 21 
 
 
24. Article 43.1 of the TRIPS Agreement requires that judges be authorized to order 
production of evidence necessary to substantiate  a party's claims where that party has been 
unable to obtain such evidence from the opposi ng party.  Please describe how the laws or 
regulations of Suriname provide this authorization, citing to the relevant provisions of law or 
regulation.  
 Our legislation does not provide for special re levant regulations for intellectual property. 
 
25. Please describe in detail the all of the civil remedies that are available to right holders 
under the laws of Suriname, citing to the relevant provisions of law or regulation. 
 
 In case of infringement the right holder has the possibility to request to the High Court that 
the infringer seizes all actions against the rights of the right holder. 
 
26. Please describe in detail the provisional  procedures and remedies available to right 
holders under the laws of Suriname, citing to th e relevant provisions of law and regulation, and 
indicate any condition under which a right holder may avail itself of those procedures and remedies. 
 
 Article 26-37 of our Copyright Law provides fo r actions against infringement of copyright 
materials, such as compensation of the right holder, seizure and or destruction of the materials and 
imprisonment of the offender.  J. E
NFORCEMENT - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO BORDER MEASURES  
27. Please describe in detail the procedures under the laws of Suriname that provide for 
border enforcement at least for trademark counter feiting and copyright piracy, identifying the 
competent authority and citing to the relevant provisions of law or regulation.   
 Our law does not provide for border enforcement. 
 
28.  Please indicate if border enforcement is ava ilable to owners of other forms of intellectual 
property and, if so, please describe the procedur es and remedies available in relation to each 
form of intellectual property, citing the relevant provisions of law. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 27.  29. Article 58 of the TRIPS Agreement speci fies procedures to be followed where the 
competent authorities can act ex officio.  Plea se explain whether the competent authorities in 
Suriname are empowered to act ex officio and, if so, please identify the intellectual property 
areas subject to ex officio action.  
 Our legislation does not provide for the above mentioned. 
 
K. E
NFORCEMENT - CRIMINAL PROCEDURES  
30. Please describe in detail how the laws of  Suriname implement Article 61 of the TRIPS 
Agreement that requires Members to have cri minal procedures and penalties, including 
imprisonment and/or monetary fines sufficient to ac t as a deterrent, at least for cases of wilful 
trademark counterfeiting and copyright infringeme nt on a commercial scale.  Please cite to the 
relevant provisions of law and regulation. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 26. IP/Q/SUR/1, IP/Q2/SUR/1, 
IP/Q3/SUR/1, IP/Q4/SUR/1 Page 22 
 
  
31. Article 61 also requires that remedies in a ppropriate cases include the seizure, forfeiture 
and destruction of infringing goods and any materials and implements the predominant use of which has been the commission of the offence.  Please describe the provisions in the laws of 
Suriname that provide for such remedies, and describe the circumstances in which those 
remedies would be imposed, citing to the relevant provisions of law or regulation. 
 
 Please refer to our answer to question 26. 
 
32. Article 61 also indicates that Members may provide for criminal procedures and 
penalties in cases of wilful infringement of other forms of intellectual property.  Please describe any provisions of the laws of Suriname that provide for such procedures and remedies, citing to the relevant provisions of law or regulation. 
  Please refer to our answer to question 26. 
 L. S
TATISTICAL QUESTIONS  
33. Please provide statistical information related  to civil copyright, trademark, geographical 
indication, industrial design, patent, integrated circuit layout-design, and trade secret enforcement for 2000, including the number of cases filed; injunctions issued; infringing 
products seized; infringing equipment seized; cases resolved (including settlement); and the 
amount of damages awarded.  
 We have no information as mentioned above. 
 34.  Please provide statistical information rel ated to criminal enforcement in the area of 
copyright piracy and trademark infringement  for 2000, including the number of raids, 
prosecutions, convictions, and the amount of fin es and/or jail terms (including whether the fines 
were paid and whether the jail term was actu ally served or was suspended) and any other 
information establishing that the criminal system operates effectively to deter copyright piracy 
and trademark counterfeiting.  
 
 We have no information as mentioned above.   
__________