APPENDIX TABLESBahrain WT/TPR/S/74
Page 93
Table AI.1
Balance of payments, 1995-2000
(US$ million)
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999a2000b
Current account balance 240.0 260.0 -30.0 -780.0 -340.0 229.0
(as per cent of GDP) (4.05) (4.23) (-0.49) (-12.65) (-4.97) (2.9)
Goods and services 674.0 718.0 607.0 44.0 928.0 330.0
Trade balance (goods) 624.0 665.0 605.0 -29.0 791.0 1,174.0
Exports 4,114.0 4,703.0 4,384.0 3,271.0 4,088.0 5,505.0
of which petroleum (net) 2,457.0 3,163.0 2,729.0 1,767.0 2,711.0 3,957.0
Imports 3,490.0 4,038.0 3,779.0 3,299.0 3,298.0 4,332.0
Services balance 50.0 53.0 2.0 73.0 137.0 157.0
Income -59.0 -25.0 -236.0 -162.0 -450.0 -169.0
Investment income -261.0 -285.0 -564.0 -603.0 -599.0 -610.0
Portfolio income 405.0 394.0 468.0 510.0 559.0 610.0
Other investment income -203.0 -134 -140.0 -69.0 -431.0 -178.0
Net transfer payments -379.0 -433.0 -402.0 -660.0 -819.0 -933.0
Workers remittances -500.0 -559.0 -635.0 -725.0 -857.0 -959.0
Other 121.0 -126.0 233.0 -65.0 37.0 27.0
Capital and financial account -1,739.0 -454.0 37.0 141.0 87.0 -229.0
Capital account balance 157.0 50.0 125.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Financial account balance -1,896.0 -504.0 -88.0 41.0 -13.0 -329.0
Direct investment (net) 447.0 1,744.0 282.0 0.0 .. ..
Portfolio investment (net) -113.0 -780.0 -1,151.0 -849.0 .. ..
Other capital movements (net) -2,060.0 -1,474.0 885.0 873.0 .. ..
Net errors and omissions 1,504.0 196.0 -6.0 639.0 427.0 0.0
Overall balance 95.0 56.0 40.0 16.8 .. ..
(as percentage of GDP) 2.9 -1.0 1.6 -0.3 0.4 0.5
Reserves and debt
Gross official reserves (end of period) 1,271.0 1,265.0 1,368.0 1,351.0 1,382.0 1,425.0
in months of importsc3.3 3.4 4.2 4.1 3.3 3.5
External debt 2.13 2.06 1.87 1.85 1.79 1.76
(as percentage of GDP) 36.6 33.7 29.5 29.9 26.1 22.8
.. Not available.
a Estimated data.bP r o j e c t e d  d a t a .
c Imports of goods and non-factor services for the following year.
Source: Data provided by the authorities;  and Bahrain Monetary Agency (1998), Annual Report, 1998 .WT/TPR/S/74 Trade Policy Review
Page 94
Table AI.2
Merchandise exports, 1985-99
(US$ million and per cent)
Description 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Total 2,750.1 3,724.8 3,441.3 3,396.6 3,637.0 3,388.8 4,103.8 4,553.8 .. 3,175.3 3,991.4
Per cent
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. 100.0 100.0
Total primary products 95.3 90.7 91.9 92.6 88.5 84.6 84.9 87.8 .. 86.2 88.3
Agriculture 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 .. 2.4 1.5
Food 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 .. 2.3 1.5
Agricultural raw material 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. 0.1 0.1
Mining 95.2 90.0 90.9 91.0 86.6 82.8 82.9 85.9 .. 83.8 86.8
Ores and other minerals 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 .. 2.5 4.1
Non-ferrous metals 6.4 11.0 11.6 14.2 19.3 21.8 21.5 18.4 .. 27.9 18.7
Bars, rods and other profiles,
aluminium alloyed (7604.29).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.7 7.2
Plate, sheet or strip,
aluminium, not alloyed, re.
(7606.11).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.2 3.9
Aluminium, alloys,
unwrought (6841)5.4 5.6 4.6 5.8 11.3 13.4 13.6 12.5 .. .. ..
Aluminium, alloys worked
(6842)1.1 5.4 7.1 8.4 8.0 8.4 7.8 5.9 .. .. ..
Fuels 88.6 78.9 79.2 76.7 67.1 60.6 61.0 67.2 .. 53.4 64.0
Petroleum oils and oils
obtained from bitumin
(2709.00).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53.4 64.0
Manufactures 4.7 9.3 8.1 7.4 11.5 15.3 15.0 12.2 .. 13.5 11.4
Iron and steel 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.3 3.1 4.2 3.8 3.4 .. 1.7 0.4
Iron, steel powder, shot, etc.
(6713)0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.7 3.1 .. .. ..
Chemicals 0.2 3.2 4.2 2.4 2.3 5.1 5.1 3.0 .. 3.3 2.7
Other semi-manufactures 1.2 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.4 .. 1.2 0.9
Machinery and transport
equipment1.7 0.9 0.8 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 .. 1.7 0.9
Power generating machines 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. .. ..
Other non-electrical
machinery1.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 .. 0.6 0.5
Agricultural machinery and
tractors0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. .. ..
Office machines and
telecommunication equipment0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 .. 0.0 0.1
Other electrical machines 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 .. .. ..
Automotive products 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 .. 0.4 0.2
Table AI.2 (cont'd)Bahrain WT/TPR/S/74
Page 95
Description 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Other transport equipment 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 .. 0.7 0.1
Textiles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 .. 0.8 1.5
Clothing 0.0 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.9 .. 3.9 4.4
Other consumer goods 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 .. 0.8 0.7
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. .. ..
.. Not available.
Note: Exchange rate used 1 Bahrain dinar = US$2.6596.
Figures on gross petroleum (HS 2709) taken from Bahrain Monetary Agency.Figures for 1985-96 are in SITC Rev.1 while figures for 1998-99 are in HS96.
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (1985-96);  Bahrain Government;  and Bahrain Monetary Agency (1999), Quarterly
Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 4.WT/TPR/S/74 Trade Policy Review
Page 96
Table AI.3
Merchandise imports, 1985-99
(US$ million and per cent)
Description 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Total 3,106.7 3,711.6 4,115.1 4,272.1 3,858.0 3,757.5 3,797.1 4,090.9 .. 3,566.2 3,536.4
Per cent
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total primary products 56.8 59.3 52.6 46.5 49.1 45.8 51.8 54.3 .. 44.7 56.6
Agriculture 9.1 9.0 8.8 9.2 11.1 11.5 13.1 12.3 .. 13.5 13.6
Food 8.4 8.5 8.3 8.7 10.4 10.7 12.2 11.6 .. 12.7 12.7
Agricultural raw material 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.7 .. 0.7 0.9
Mining 47.6 50.3 43.8 37.3 38.0 34.3 38.7 42.0 .. 31.2 42.9
Ores and other minerals 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 .. 7.8 4.9
Aluminium oxide nes.
(2818.20).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.0 3.3
Non-ferrous metals 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 .. 0.9 0.9
Fuels 46.6 49.2 42.6 36.4 37.0 33.2 37.4 40.9 .. 22.5 37.2
Non-chem. coal,
petroleum wastes (3329)0.5 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.5 .. .. ..
Petroleum oils and oils
obtained from bitumin
(2709.00).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.4 35.3
Manufactures 43.0 38.5 44.8 52.5 50.5 52.3 47.8 44.9 .. 55.1 43.2
Iron and steel 2.3 2.2 1.6 2.2 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.1 .. 2.8 2.1
Chemicals 5.2 7.9 6.0 7.0 9.5 8.4 8.8 9.8 .. 6.1 5.8
Inorganic bases etc. nes.
(5136)1.7 4.4 2.4 2.8 5.2 3.7 3.5 4.9 .. .. ..
Other semi-manufactures 6.5 5.5 7.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 7.9 6.7 .. 7.4 6.5
Machinery and transport
equipment20.8 15.3 21.7 27.3 20.6 22.2 16.7 15.6 .. 27.6 18.2
Power generating machines 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.1 .. 2.8 0.7
Other non-electrical
machinery6.1 3.5 4.2 4.6 4.7 5.3 5.7 4.5 .. 8.2 5.4
Agricultural machinery
and tractors0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 .. 0.1 0.1
Office machines &
telecommunication
equipment2.3 2.1 2.3 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.3 .. 3.0 3.1
Other electrical machines 3.4 2.8 9.0 9.7 4.3 4.1 2.6 2.8 .. 4.6 2.5
Automotive products 3.3 4.1 3.8 5.5 5.7 5.8 4.5 4.1 .. 7.8 5.8
Passenger motor vehicles
excluding buses (7321)2.0 2.5 2.3 3.4 3.7 3.4 2.6 2.6 .. .. ..
Automobiles with
reciprocating piston
engines (8703.23).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.6 2.7
Other transport equipment 4.2 2.3 2.2 3.3 2.8 3.7 1.0 0.9 .. 1.1 0.6
Textiles 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.8 .. 3.5 3.7
Table AI.3 (cont'd)Bahrain WT/TPR/S/74
Page 97
Description 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Clothing 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.5 .. 1.9 1.6
Other consumer goods 5.3 4.3 4.5 5.6 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.4 .. 5.8 5.2
Other 0.2 2.1 2.6 1.0 0.4 1.9 0.4 0.7 .. 0.1 0.0
Gold .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1 0.0
.. Not available.
Note: Exchange rate used 1 Bahrain dinar = US$2.6596.
Figures on gross petroleum (HS 2709) taken from Bahrain Monetary Agency.Figures for 1985-96 are in SITC Rev.1 while figures for 1998-99 are in HS96.
Source: UNSD, Comtrade database (1985-96);  Bahrain Government;  and Bahrain Monetary Agency (1999), Quarterly
Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 4.WT/TPR/S/74 Trade Policy Review
Page 98
Table AII.1
The Gulf Cooperation Council stages of integration
Period Agreement/decision
10 March 1981 Agreement on basic details of the GCC Charter.
25 May 1981 Signature of the GCC Charter.
November 1982 Draft of the "Unified Economic Agreement".
November 1982 Approval of the formation of a Gulf Investment Corporation, to be based in Kuwait.
1982 The joint purchase of rice was undertaken by the Ministerial Committee for Trade Development
Coordination.
1982 A ministerial committee was established to coordinate hydrocarbon policies and prices.  Subcommittees were
formed to exchange information on marketing and prices;  to discuss the development of the hydrocarbonsrefining industry;  to examine domestic energy consumption and subsidies;  to coordinate training by national
petroleum companies;  and to coordinate exploration for minerals.
1982 Ministers adopted a petroleum security plans to safeguard individual members against a halt in their
production, to form a stockpile of petroleum products, and to organize a boycott of any non-member country
when appropriate.
March 1983 Customs duties on domestic products of the GCC were abolished.
March 1983 New regulations allowing free movement of workers and vehicles were introduced.
1985 Endorsement of a common industrial strategy for the GCC States and approval of regulations stipulating that
priority should be given to imports of GCC industrial products and permitting GCC investors to obtain loans
from GCC industrial development banks.
1985 A unified patent legislation was discussed.
January 1986 The Ministers agreed to establish a joint telecommunications network.
1986 A common minimum customs levy (between 4% and 20%) on imports was imposed.
November 1986 Resolutions were adopted on the protection of industrial products and on the coordination of industrial
projects in order to avoid duplication.
November 1986 A measure was approved for GCC member States' citizens to undertake certain retail trade activities in any
other member State.
November 1986 Establishment of the Board of Directors of the GCC Standards and Metrology Organisation (which approves
minimum standards for goods produced in or imported to the region).
1987 Agreement in principle to coordinate rates of exchange among the member States, although disagreement
over whether to link the Gulf currencies to the U.S. dollar, the SDR or a basket of other currencies remained.
December 1987 Adoption of a plan whereby a member State whose petroleum production was disrupted could borrow
petroleum from other members in order to fulfil its export obligations.
1988 A unified legislation was being prepared on foreign investment in the GCC States.
May 1992 GCC Trade Ministers announced their objective to establish a GCC common market by the year 2000.
September 1992 GCC Ministers reached agreement on the application of a unified system of tariffs by March 1993.
Source: UNCTAD (1996), Handbook of Economic Integration and Cooperation Groupings of Developing Countries :
Western Asia, GCC, 1996 .Bahrain WT/TPR/S/74
Page 99
Table AIII.1
Products subject to specific and mixed minimum import duties, 2000
HS Code Description Duty rate
2401 Unmanufactured tobacco, tobacco refuse
2401 10 10 Unmanufactured tobacco, not stemmed 100% or BD 1.8 per gross kg., whichever is higher
2401 10 20 Tomback 100% or BD 1.8 per gross kg., whichever is higher
2401 20 10 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed 100% or BD 1.8 per gross kg., whichever is higher
2401 20 20 Tomback 100% or BD 1.8 per gross kg., whichever is higher
2401 30 10 Tobacco refuse fit for use as tobacco 100% or BD 1.8 per gross kg., whichever is higher
2401 30 90 Others 100% or BD 1.8 per gross kg., whichever is higher
2402 Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes of tobacco or
of tobacco substitutes
2402 10 00 Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos containing tobacco 100% or BD 15 per direct covered kg., whichever is
higher
2402 20 00 Cigarettes containing tobacco 100% or BD 8 per '000 cigarettes, whichever is higher
2402 90 10 Cigars not containing tobacco or nicotine 100% or BD 15 per direct covered kg., whichever is
higher
2402 90 20 Cigarettes not containing tobacco or nicotine 100% or BD 8 per '000 cigarettes, whichever is higher
2403 Other manufactured tobacco and substitutes;
homogenized or reconstituted tobacco
2403 10 10 Smoking tobacco, with or without substitutes, chopped or
compressed100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 10 20 Tobacco, chopped for pipes 100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 10 30 Tomback, rolled or packed, ready for retail sale 100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 10 90 Others 100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 91 00 Homogenized or reconstituted tobacco 100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 99 10 Compressed or liquored tobacco, for manufacture of snuff
or essences100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 99 20 Chewing tobacco, chopped or compressed 100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 99 30 Tobacco essence (snuff) 100% or BD 4 per net kg., whichever is higher
2403 99 40 Jirak 100% or BD 0.6 per gross kg., whichever is higher
2403 99 60 Muasla100% or BD 0.6 per gross kg., whichever is higher
a Based on information provided by the authorities this product is not subject to minimum import duties.
Source: WTO Secretariat based on data provided by the authorities.WT/TPR/S/74 Trade Policy Review
Page 100
Table AIII.2
Tariff protection provided under the Industries Support and Protection Act
Products HS Chapter Rate (per cent)
Plastic syringes 90 20
Medical plastic disposables 30 20
Spring mattresses 94 20
Sulphuric acid and distilled water 28 20
Aluminium rods 76 20
Aluminium foil and containers 76 20
Aluminium fly screen 76 20
Cotton buds .. 20
Tissue paper 48 20
Edible oil (corn, palm, and other vegetable oils) 15 20
.. Not available.
Source: Information provided by the authorities.Bahrain WT/TPR/S/74
Page 101
Table AIV.1
Food and agricultural production subsidies, 1993-99
(BD'000)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Consumption subsidies 1,563 588 1,511 4,320 .. .. 2,850
R i c e 8 4 500000 0
Sugar 33 0 0000 0
Flour 835 806 818 3,634 1,831 1,749 1,900
Meat includinga-150 -218 693 686 .. .. 950
Cattle 490 241 295 -11 24 137 200
Sheep -640 -527 398 697 531 542 1,310
Chilled and frozen 0 68 0 0 .. .. ..
Production subsidies 1,932 1,349 1,489 1,947 .. .. 445
Feed 230 188 186 177 186 196 145
Chicken 302 406 358 394 405 398 330
Other costs 1,100 755 945 1,376 .. .. ..
Total 1,976 3,495 1,937 3,000 6,267 3,285 3,325
.. Not available.
a Negative values represent a net inflow, based on the difference between the sales price and purchase price of the meat.  The t rue
value of the subsidy would include the production subsidy.
Source: Ministry of Finance and National Economy (1999) The Budget for the Fiscal Year 1999;   and data provided by the
authorities.WT/TPR/S/74 Trade Policy Review
Page 102
Table AIV.2
Applied and bound tariffs and imports, by ISIC category, 1999 and 2000
(Units and per cent)
Applied tariffs
2000Bound rates Imports 1999
ISIC
CodeProductsNo. of
lines Simple
averageRangeSimple
averageRange (% of GDP)
Total
1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 433 4.3 0-100 36.1 35-100 1.96
111 Agriculture and livestock production 308 4.5 0-100 36.3 35-100 1.92
121 Forestry 44 5.2 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.02
122 Logging 21 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.00
130 Fish and shellfish, live, fresh or frozen 60 2.3 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.02
2 Mining and quarrying 131 5.2 5-10 35.0 35-35 18.89
210 Coal mining 4 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.00
220 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 3 5.0 5-5 n.a. n.a. 18.18
230 Metal ore mining 23 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.53
290 Other mining 101 5.3 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.17
3 Manufacturing 6,487 8.0 0-125 35.6 35-200 30.69
311 Food products 614 4.5 0-20 35.0 35-35 3.27
- Slaughtering, preparing and preserving meat 116 4.6 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.65
- Dairy products 31 3.4 0-5 35.0 35-35 0.73
- Canning and preserving of fruit and
vegetables152 4.9 0-5 35.0 35-35 0.52
- Fish products 62 5.4 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.06
- Manuf. of vegetable & animal oils/fats 60 6.7 0-20 35.0 35-35 0.35
- Grain mill products 122 3.1 0-5 35.0 35-35 0.39
- Manufacture of bakery products 30 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.25
- Sugar factories and refineries 14 1.1 0-5 35.0 35-35 0.09
- Cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery 27 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.23
312 Other food products and animal feed 111 5.0 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.44
- Other food products, n.e.s. 93 4.7 0-5 35.0 35-35 0.41
- Prepared animal feed 18 6.7 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.03
313 Beverages 42 53.6 5-125 101.8 35-200 0.72
- Distilling, rectifying and blending spirits 14 73.6 5-125 141.1 35-200 0.27
- Wine 9 111.7 5-125 163.3 35-200 0.05
- Malt liquor and malt 3 45.0 5-125 90.0 35-200 0.24
- Soft drinks and mineral water 16 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.17
314 Tobacco products 16 100 100-100 35.0 35-35 0.41
321 Textiles 821 9.5 5-10 35.0 35-35 2.31
- Spinning, weaving and finishing textiles 436 9.9 5-10 35.0 35-35 1.42
- Made-up textile goods, excluding wearing
apparel110 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.13
- Knitting mills 132 7.8 7.5-10 35.0 35-35 0.47
- Carpets and rugs 62 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.23
- Cordage, rope and twine 23 5.9 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.01
- Textiles, n.e.s. 58 9.7 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.03
322 Clothing, except footwear 185 7.9 7.5-10 35.0 35-35 0.45
323 Leather and leather products, except footwear
and wearing apparel73 9.8 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.09
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)Bahrain WT/TPR/S/74
Page 103
Applied tariffs
2000Bound rates Imports 1999
ISIC
CodeProductsNo. of
lines Simple
averageRangeSimple
averageRange (% of GDP)
324 Footwear, except rubber or plastic footwear 25 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.16
331 Wood products, except furniture 170 6.4 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.39
- Sawmills, planing and other wood mills 90 5.1 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.34
- Wooden and cane containers and cane ware 29 7.8 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.03
- Wood and cork products, n.e.s. 51 7.9 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.02
332 Wooden furniture 50 11.0 10-20 35.0 35-35 0.41
341 Paper and product products 147 7.6 0-100 48.9 35-100 0.63
- Pulp, paper and paperboard 90 8.4 5-100 56.7 35-100 0.31
- Containers, boxes of paper & paperboard 8 8.1 5-20 35.0 35-35 0.08
- Stationary articles, n.e.s. 49 6.0 0-20 35.0 35-35 0.23
342 Printing and publishing 61 3.0 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.20
351 Industrial chemicals 774 5.2 0-20 35.0 35-35 2.86
- Basic industrial chemicals, except fertilisers 597 5.1 5-20 35.0 35-35 2.21
- Fertilisers and pesticides 38 1.1 0-5 35.0 35-35 0.04
- Synthetic resins, plastic materials and
man-made fibres, except glass139 6.7 5-20 35.0 35-35 0.61
352 Chemical products and pharmaceuticals 371 6.7 0-10 35.0 35-35 1.98
- Paints, varnishes and lacquers 37 5.0 5-5 n.a. n.a. 0.28
- Drugs and medicines 87 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.47
- Soap, cleaning preparations, perfumes 75 8.8 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.86
- Other chemicals, n.e.s. 172 6.9 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.37
353 Petroleum refineries 46 5.5 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.77
354 Petroleum and coal products 19 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.26
355 Rubber products 90 9.3 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.24
- Tyre and tube industries 14 10.0 10-10 n.a. n.a. 0.13
- Rubber products, n.e.s. 76 9.2 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.11
356 Plastic products, n.e.s. 40 8.3 5-20 35.0 35-35 0.28
361 Pottery, china and earthenware 27 7.6 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.13
362 Glass and glass products 78 7.6 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.13
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 141 6.2 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.95
- Structural clay products 21 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.27
- Cement, lime and plaster 10 5.0 5-5 n.a. n.a. 0.43
- Non-metallic mineral products, n.e.s. 110 6.5 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.26
371 Iron and steel products 205 5.0 5-5 35.0 35-35 0.92
372 Non-ferrous basic metals 178 5.0 0-20 35.0 35-35 0.59
381 Metal products, except machinery and
equipment328 6.1 5-10 35.0 35-35 1.10
- Cutlery, hand tools and hardware 85 5.6 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.19
- Metal furniture and fixtures 25 8.4 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.08
- Structural metal products 64 6.1 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.22
- Fabricated metal products except machinery
and equipment, n.e.s.154 5.9 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.62
382 Non-electrical machinery and equipment 579 8.2 0-10 35.0 35-35 3.85
- Engines and turbines 12 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.17
- Agricultural machinery and equipment 15 6.3 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.02
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/74 Trade Policy Review
Page 104
Applied tariffs
2000Bound rates Imports 1999
ISIC
CodeProductsNo. of
lines Simple
averageRangeSimple
averageRange (% of GDP)
- Metal and wood working machinery 119 8.9 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.27
- Special industrial machinery and equipment 162 7.3 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.71
- Office, computing & accounting machinery 46 7.2 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.72
- Non-electrical machinery and equip., n.e.s. 225 8.6 0-10 35.0 35-35 1.97
383 Electrical machinery 354 9.1 7.5-10 35.0 35-35 2.34
- Electrical industrial machinery & apparatus 64 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.53
- Radio, television and communications 172 8.2 7.5-10 35.0 35-35 0.92
- Electrical appliances and houseware 32 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.11
- Electrical apparatus, n.e.s. 86 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.77
384 Transport equipment 330 14.6 0-20 35.0 35-35 3.29
- Shipbuilding and repairing 21 7.9 0-20 35.0 35-35 0.07
- Railway equipment 24 9.8 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.00
- Motor vehicles 211 17.6 10-20 35.0 35-35 3.17
- Motorcycles and bicycles 20 9.5 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.03
- Aircraft manufacture 39 9.7 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.01
- Other transport equipment, n.e.s. 15 9.3 0-20 35.0 35-35 0.01
385 Professional and scientific equipment 281 9.3 5-20 35.0 35-35 0.84
- Professional and scientific measuring and
controlling equipment, n.e.s.154 8.9 5-20 35.0 35-35 0.51
- Photographic and optical goods 68 9.9 5-20 35.0 35-35 0.16
- Watches and clocks 59 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.17
390 Other manufactures 331 7.8 0-20 35.0 35-35 0.68
- Jewellery and related articles 22 8.8 0-10 35.0 35-35 0.15
- Musical instruments 32 10.0 10-10 35.0 35-35 0.01
- Sporting goods 26 7.3 5-10 35.0 35-35 0.04
- Other manufactures, n.e.s 251 7.5 0-20 35.0 35-35 0.48
n.a. Not applicable.
Source : Estimates by the WTO Secretariat, based on data provided by the authorities.Bahrain WT/TPR/S/74
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Table AIV.3
Summary of Bahrain's specific commitments in services
Modes of supply
Sector or subsector Cross-border
supplyConsumption
abroadCommercial
presencePresence of natural
persons
Market access/National treatment
7. Financial Services
A. All Insurance and insurance related services
(c) Reinsurance and retrocession NL/NL NLNL NL/NL U/U
A. All insurance and insurance related services
(Offshore only)NL/NL NL/NL NL/NL U/U
B. Banking and other financial services (excluding
insurance)
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other repayable
funds from the publicUSP/NL NL/NL USP/USP Uex/Uex
(b) Lending of all types including: consumer credit;
mortgage credit; factoring and financing of
commercial transactionsUSP/NL NL/NL USP/USP Uex/Uex
(c) Financial leasing USP/NL NL/NL USP/U Uex/Uex
(d) All payment and money transmission services
including credit, charge and debit cards,travellers cheques and bankers draftsUSP/NL NL/NL USP/USP Uex/Uex
(e) Guarantees and commitments USP/NL NL/NL USP/USP Uex/Uex
(f) Trading for own account or for the account of
customers, whether on an exchange or in an
over-the-counter market, or otherwise, of the
following:  money market instruments;(including cheques, bills, certificates of
deposits);  foreign exchange;  derivative products
including but not limited to futures, and options;exchange rate and interest rate instruments
including swaps, forward rate agreements;
transferable securities;  other negotiableinstruments and financial assets, includingbullionUSP/U USP/U USP/NL Uex/Uex
(g) Participation in issues of all kinds of securities,
including underwriting and placement as agent
(whether publicly or privately), and provision of
services related to such issuesUSP/U USP/U USP/NL Uex/Uex
(h) Money broking NL/NL NL/NL USP/NL Uex/Uex
(i) Asset management such as cash or portfolio
management, all forms of collectiveinvestments management, pension fund
management, and custodial, depository and trust
servicesUSP/U USP/U USP/USP Uex/Uex
(j) Settlement and clearing services for financial
assets, including securities, derivatives products
and other negotiable instrumentsUSP/NL USP/NL USP/NL Uex/Uex
(k) Provision and transfer of financial information
data processing, and related software by
suppliers of other financial servicesUSP/USP USP/USP USP/NL Uex/Uex
(l) Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary
financial services on all the activities listed in
subparagraphs (a) to (k) above, including creditreference and analysis, investment and portfolio
research and advice, advice on acquisitions and
on corporate restructuring and strategyUSP/NL NL/NL USP/NL Uex/Uex
NL No limitations, i.e. Bahrain agreed to place no constraints on the item in question.
U Unbound, i.e Bahrain made no engagements with respect to the item in question.
USP Unbound;  exceptions may exist with special conditions attached.Uex Unbound, except as provided by Bahrain's horizontal commitments.WT/TPR/S/74 Trade Policy Review
Page 106
Note to Table AIV.3  Limitations maintained in banking and other financial services (excluding insurance)
Limitations under cross border supply
Market access:
1. Undertaking this activity in/from Bahrain requires a license  from the Bahrain Monetary Authority (BMA) (applies to a,
b, c, d, e, i, l).
2. Licence required from BMA if activity is undertaken in/from Bahrain for customers' account (applies to f, g).
3. Unbound for equity and other securities listed on the BSE (applies to f, g, i, k).4. Unbound for BD cheques;  must be through BMA.  For BS E listed equity and other securities, must be through BSE
(j).
National treatment:
5. Unbound for BSE listed equity and other securities (applies to k).
Limitations under consumption abroad
Market access:
6. Unbound for equity and other securities listed on the BSE (applies to f, g, i, k).
7. Unbound for BD cheques;  must be through BMA.  For BS E listed equity and other securities, must be through BSE
(applies to j).
National treatment:
8. Unbound for BSE listed equity and other securities (applies to k).
Limitations under commercial presence:
Market access:
9. License is required from BMA;  Foreign banks may establish as local subsidiaries or branches. Foreign ownership of
locally incorporated banks restricted to 49% if business is to be undertaken onshore in Bahrain (i.e. with residents ofBahrain).  Up to 100% foreign ownershi p permitted if business is to be undertaken offshore (i.e. with non-residents of
Bahrain).  No banking activities to be undertaken by a limited liability company (WLL).  (Applies to a, b, c, d, e, f).
10. Transactions on the BSE must be through a licensed stock broker. Transactions for listed bonds and warrants can be
done OTC. Stock brokers and market makers for securities on the BSE must be either Bahraini nationals (individualsor locally incorporated companies with a minimum of 51% Bahraini ownership) and be resident in Bahrain, or be
branches of foreign companies undertaking such business in international securities.  A money broker must be locally
incorporated with 51% Bahraini ownership and requires a licence from the BMA.  (Applies to f).
11. License required from BMA if activity is undertaken in/from Bahrain.  Unbound for equity and other securities listed
on the BSE. (Applies to g).
12. License required from BMA.  A money broker must be locally incorporated with 51% Bahraini ownership (h).
13. License required from the BMA.  For depositary services in  respect of BSE listed equity and other securities, approval
required from the BSE.  (Applies to i).
14. Unbound for BD clearing (applies to j).15. Unbound for BSE listed equity and other securities.  License  from the Ministry of Cabinet Affairs and Information and
the Ministry of Transportation required for provision and transfer of financial information.  Confidentiality
requirements for banks' customers set by the agency apply (applies to k).
16. Investment advisers and representative offices require  licence to undertake activities in/from Bahrain.  Credit
referencing agencies should adhere to requirements for confidentiality set by the BMA for banks' customers. (Applies
to l)
National treatment:
17. For foreign branches of Full Commercial Banks (FCBs), unbound for sub-branching. (applies to a, b, d, e).
18. Unbound for ownership of property in Bahrain (applies to b).19. No limited liability companies (WLLs) can undertake investments on behalf of third persons.  (Applies to i ).
Source:   WTO documents GATS/SC/97, 15 April 1994, GATS/SC/97/Suppl.1, 26 February 1998.
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