WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  G/STR/N/6/AUS 
G/STR/N/7/AUS 
G/STR/N/8/AUS G/STR/N/9/AUS 
19 February 2004 
 
(04-0706) 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises Original:   English 
 
  
STATE TRADING 
 
New and Full and Updating Notificatio ns Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a)
 
of the GATT 1994 and Paragr aph 1 of the Understanding  
on the Interpretation of Article XVII  
 
AUSTRALIA 
 
 
 The following communication, dated 13 February 2004, is being circulated at the request of 
the Delegation of Australia.  
_______________ 
  
 Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the 
Interpretation of Article XVII of the General Agr eement on Tariffs and Trade, Australia makes the 
following full and new and updating notifications of its state trading enterp rises for the period from 
1998-99 to 2001-02.   
 
I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
A. Identification of state trading enterprises 
 
 AWB (International) Limited  
 
B. Description of products affected (includi ng tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description) 
 
 Wheat [HS 1001] 
 
II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
 
 AWB (International) Limited (AWBI), a wholly  owned subsidiary of the majority grower 
owned and controlled company AWB Limited, operat es the commercial functions of the wheat export 
‘single desk’ arrangements.  AWBI undertakes the export marketing of mainly bulk wheat and under 
the company’s constitution is required to maximise  net returns to Australian wheat growers who 
choose to deliver their wheat to the National Pool by securing, developing and maintaining 
international markets for wheat and by minimising costs as far as practicable. 
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 2 
 
 
 B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant  exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers 
 
 On 1 July 1999, the Wheat Marketing Act 1989 was amended and AWBI was designated to 
operate the commercial functions of the wh eat export ‘single desk’ arrangements.   
 III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  A. Summary statement providing overview of op erations of the state trading enterprise 
 
 On 1 July 1999, statutory marketing of wheat ceased with the transfer of the single desk 
functions of the former Australian Wheat Board to  a grower controlled company, AWBI.  AWBI is 
responsible for managing the wheat export ‘single desk’ arrangements through international wheat 
marketing and pooling services. AWBI is a wholly owned subsidiary of AWB Limited.  AWB 
Limited is listed on the Australian Stock Exch ange (ASX).  As such it operates under the Australian 
Corporations Act 2001  and ASX listing rules.    
  As a consequence of the changes introdu ced in 1999 to Australia’s wheat marketing 
arrangements, the regulatory and commercial functi ons of wheat marketing now operate separately.  
The Wheat Export Authority (WEA) exercises regulatory functions, while AWBI operates the 
commercial aspects of the wheat export ‘single desk’ arrangements.   The WEA operates as an independent statutory authority under the Wheat Marketing Act 
1989 .  WEA’s main role is to oversee the export of wh eat, and monitor and report on the benefits to 
growers of AWBI’s performance.  A review of AWBI’s performance as the single desk operator in 
maximising returns to Australian growers will be con ducted by an independent panel, with assistance 
from the WEA, in 2004.   Under the Wheat Marketing Act 1989 , AWBI must purchase all wheat offered to it for 
pooling which meet its classification and other standa rds.  AWBI does not need to apply to the WEA 
for consent to export wheat.  Wheat exports in bu lk, containers or bags from Australia by entities 
other than AWBI, are subject to WEA approval.  In considering such requests the WEA is required to consult AWBI, which has a veto right over bulk export requests.  The WEA has the final decision with regard to wheat exports in containers or bags.  
 AWBI and its parent, AWB Limited, do not receive from the Australian Government any 
special financing privileges, including government gr ants, loans, loan guarantees, or underwriting of 
operational costs.  Since privatisation in 1999, AWB Limited has directly financed all pooling and 
commercial activities using its own capital as credit e nhancement.  The company is subject to normal 
obligations under the Corporations Act  with no guarantees, either actual or implied, and no 
government financial exposure. 
 
 The Australian domestic market for wheat h as been deregulated since 1989.  Commercial 
grain traders and users have full access to the domestic market and growers have the choice of a wide range of marketing options.  B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
 The Wheat Marketing Act 1989  provides that AWBI does not need to apply to the WEA for 
consent to export wheat.  AWBI also has a veto right over bulk export requests from third parties to 
the WEA, and must be consulted on applicati ons to export wheat in bags or containers.   G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 3 
 
 
  
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation 
 
 Wheat can be imported into Australia by any entity.  Neither AWBI or the WEA have any 
role in regulating imports of wheat to Australia.     Any entity can export wheat from Australia, pr ovided it obtains WEA consent (AWBI is not 
required to seek WEA consent).  The WEA is required by law to consult with AWBI on all 
applications, however there are limits as to what information is provided to AWBI to ensure the 
confidentiality of the applicant is  preserved.  Applications are divided into three types: bulk; 
containers; and bags.  For bulk exports the WEA ca nnot give consent on applications without written 
approval from AWBI; for exports in containers and bags the WEA consults with AWBI but does not 
need its approval.  
 
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
 
 Australian wheat import/export levels are dete rmined by market forces.  Any entity can 
import wheat into Australia.  Any entity can export wheat, provided consent is first obtained from the WEA (AWBI does not need WEA approval to export wheat).  AWBI is required by legislation to 
purchase all wheat offered to it for pooling which meet s its classification and other standards.  In 
marketing this wheat AWBI is driven by a performance-based remuneration system and a 
constitutional obligation to maximise net returns to Australian growers who have chosen to deliver 
their wheat to AWBI.  Export volumes are determined by the level of production in each year and international and domestic market factors. 
 
E. How export prices are determined  
 
 Export prices for wheat are set on a fully comme rcial basis in competition with offers from 
other suppliers in the same markets.  AWBI e xport contracts for Australian wheat are established 
through three methods: direct negotiation with impor ters; participating in open tenders; and through 
third party traders. Export revenue and any othe r revenue from each pool established for a specific 
category (type and quality) of wheat is returned to  pool participants after deduction of marketing, 
finance and other costs associated with that pool.  
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 
 Wheat import levels to Australia have hi storically been small due to Australia’s 
competitiveness as a low cost wheat producer.  Wheat imports can be undertaken by any trader.  The 
sale price for domestic product is determined by th e domestic wheat market.  The domestic wheat 
market has been deregulated since 1989.  G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state 
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual  obligations entered into by the government  
 
 All sales contracts are entered into on a comme rcial basis.  AWBI is not used to fulfil 
contractual obligations entered into by the governme nt nor does the government enter into obligations 
on behalf of the AWBI. 
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 4 
 
 
 H. Brief description of market structure  
 
 The deregulated domestic market for milling (flour and industrial uses) or stockfeed purposes accounted for between 18 per cent and 34 per cent of wh eat production over the five years to 2001-02.  
In the same period, exports accounted for between  66 per cent to 82 per cent of production.  While 
AWBI’s pools are predominantly export oriented, sales of National Pool wheat from AWBI to the domestic market are conducted either through direct  negotiation or an open tender system.  Domestic 
prices track international prices as reflected in es timated pool returns.  Wheat imports are free of 
tariffs. 
 
IV. Statistical Information ( see attached Tables I - III)  
 V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place ( as appropriate)  
 
 Not applicable. 
 VI. Additional Information ( as appropriate) 
 
National Competition Policy Review of the Wheat Marketing Act 1989
 
 
 In April 2000, the Commonwealth Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry announced 
a three-person independent committee to conduct a review of the Wheat Marketing Act 1989 under the 
National Competition Policy (NCP) principles ag reed between the Commonwealth and State 
Governments.   
 
 The independent committee conducted the review  in an open and transparent manner, giving 
all stakeholders ample opportunity to participat e and contribute.  The committee held almost 170 
public and private meetings throughout Austra lia and overseas with farmers, customers and 
competitors.  The Committee reported to the Government on 22 December 2000. 
 
 On 4 April 2001, the Australian Government announced its response to the findings of the 
review.  The principal outcome was that the wh eat export ‘single desk’ arrangements operated by 
AWBI were to remain, but with administrative improvements made to the export-consent system 
operated by the WEA. 
 
 A revised consent system announced in Se ptember 2001 provides for both long-term (12 
month) consents and for short-term (3 month) co nsents, determined against revised WEA guidelines.  
AWBI will continue to be consulted on all applicat ions, which will be asses sed against guidelines 
covering the impact on AWBI sales, premiums and mark et strategies; and to include consideration of 
suitability/eligibility of applicants, niche criteria (for long-term consents) and market allocations. 
 
 The revised system continues to complement the single-desk arrangements but the guidelines 
will now allow more flexibility.   On 4 September 2001, the WEA released the performance indicators for ongoing monitoring 
of AWBI's use of its export rights and as the basis for the 2004 review of AWBI's export 
performance.  The performance indi cators cover three components, viz: export markets, logistics, 
business structure and environment.   G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 5 
 
 
 2004 Review
 
  An independent panel will c onduct a review of AWBI’s perfo rmance before the end of 2004 
under the Wheat Marketing Act 1989  (as amended), with assistance from the WEA. G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 6 
 
 
 I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises 
 
A. Identification of state trading enterprises 
 
 New South Wales Grains Board  
 
B. Description of products affected (includi ng tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description)  
  Malting and feed barley, canola and sorghum grown in the State of New South Wales. 
  Barley [HS 1003]  Canola [HS 1205]  Sorghum [HS 1007] 
 
II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
 
 The purpose of the New South Wales Grains Bo ard is to enhance the marketing of malting 
and feed barley, canola and sorghum grown in New South Wales through the operation of a single 
desk for export of these vested commod ities and domestic sales for malting barley.  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant  exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers 
  The State of New South Wales Grain Marketing Act 1991 provides for the New South Wales 
Grains Board to have vesting powers in respect of the marketing of malting barley, feed barley, canola 
and sorghum until September 2005.  However, the se powers are only applied to exports, domestic 
trading having been generally deregulated thro ugh Authorised Buyers, except for malting barley.  
 
III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise 
 
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
 
 On 16 August 2000, the New South Wales Minister for Agriculture announced an extension 
of the single-desk powers of the Board until 30 Sept ember 2005, with oats and oilseeds (other than 
canola) removed from the previous arrangements.     Following serious financial difficulties experienced by the Board, an administrator was appointed in October 2000.  Through an agency ag reement, Grainco Australia Limited acquired the 
vesting rights over New South Wales malting and feed barley, canola and sorghum for export 
markets, and for New South Wales malting barley  for domestic markets, until 30 September 2005.  
From 1 October 2003, GrainCorp Ltd, a publicly lis ted grower controlled storage handling and grain 
marketing company formally took over Grainco an d absorbed the New South Wales Grains Board 
agency agreement including vesting rights.  Following discussion with the Board and other stakeholders, GrainCorp has established a permit system for export canola and sorghum from New 
South Wales.  The intent of the permit system is to facilitate transition to a deregulated environment 
for canola and sorghum in New South Wales from 30 September 2005.   G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 7 
 
 
 B. Specification of exclusive or special right s or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
 The State of New South Wales Grain Marketing Act 1991  provides for the vesting of declared 
commodities in New South Wales in the Board, whic h then operates as the single statutory marketing 
authority responsible for the export marketing of  prescribed commodities (i.e. malting barley, feed 
barley, canola and sorghum).  The Board also mana ges a ‘single desk’ arrangement for domestic sales 
of New South Wales malting barley.  
 The Board appoints agents and Authorised Buyers to act as marketing or purchasing agents.  
An Authorised Buyer Scheme exists for domestic  trade in commodities vested in the Board. 
 
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation  
  Coarse grain and oilseeds can be imported into Australia duty-free by any entity.  There are 
no tariffs applied to imports into Australia of malting barley, feed barley, canola and sorghum (HS 
1003, 1205, 1007).       The Board is the sole exporter of prescribed New South Wales commodities through an 
agency agreement with GrainCorp Ltd. The Board is not the sole Australian exporter of these 
commodities.  In other Australian States, exports of these goods are undertaken both by private traders and other sub-national bodies.  
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
  Exports of vested commodities by the Boar d are determined by market forces, on a 
commercial basis.  There are no tariffs applied on  the import of barley, canola and sorghum into 
Australia.  
 
E. How export prices are determined 
  Export prices are determined by prevailing wo rld prices.  Revenue received from export and 
domestic sales is paid to producers on the basis of pool returns.   
 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined 
  Not applicable.  
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state 
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government 
 
 All sales contracts are entered into on a commercial basis.  New South Wales Grains Board is 
not used to fulfil contractual obligations entere d into by the government nor does the government 
enter into obligations on behalf of the New South Wales Grains Board.  
 
H. Brief description of market structure  
 
 Around 60 per cent to 70 per cent of national barley production is exported annually.  Barley is subject to specific export marketing arrangement s in New South Wales (New South Wales Grains 
Board through GrainCorp Limited), South Aust ralia (ABB Grain Export Limited) and Western 
Australia (Grain Pool Pty Ltd).  Export marketi ng has been deregulated in Victoria and Queensland G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 8 
 
 
 (which for barley accounts for around 25 per cent of  Australian production).  Domestic marketing of 
barley has generally been deregulated under exemp tion or permit arrangements in those States with 
export marketing arrangements.  Domestic prices are influenced by expected pool returns from barley 
export markets and domestic availability of alternat ive feed grains. There are no import tariffs for 
barley. 
  Grain sorghum is freely traded domestically , including under exemption/permit arrangements 
in New South Wales.  Sorghum for export in New South Wales is sold under single desk powers of the New South Wales Grains Board but GrainCorp (as agent) introduced a permit arrangement for 
export sorghum from New South Wales from 1 October 2003.   
  Canola is the major oilseed crop in Australia and is produced mainly in the states of New 
South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria and South Australia.  Domestic trading is deregulated for 
oilseeds, although export regulatory arrangements ex ist for canola in New South Wales and Western 
Australia.   
  Domestic prices of sorghum and oilseeds are influenced by returns from export markets, and for sorghum, domestic availability of alternative feed  grains.  There are no import tariffs for sorghum 
or oilseeds.  
IV.  Statistical Information ( see attached Tables I - III)  
 V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place ( as appropriate)  
  Not applicable. 
 
VI. Additional Information ( as appropriate) 
 
 The vesting powers for Queensland wheat and barley under the Queensland Grain Industry 
(Restructuring) Act 1991 , which conferred the rights on Grai nco, expired on 30 June 2002.   G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 9 
 
 
 I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises 
 
A. Identification of state trading enterprises 
 
 Grain Pool Pty Ltd  
 
B. Description of products affected (includi ng tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description) 
  Barley [HS 1003] 
 Lupins [HS 0713.90]  Canola [HS 1205]  II. Reason and Purpose 
 
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
  
 Grain Pool Pty Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of the grower co-operative company, Co-
operative Bulk Handling Ltd, holds the main export licence to export bulk barley, lupins and canola 
from the state of Western Australia.  
 B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant  exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers 
 
 Under the State of Western Australia Grain Marketing Act (2002) , Grain Pool Pty Ltd holds 
the main export licence to export bulk barley, lupins and canola from Western Australia.   
  The relevant provisions of the Grain Marketing Act (2002)  cover barley, lupins and canola in 
bulk shipments, but not export shipments in containers or bags or for processed grain.  III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise 
 
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
 
 In November 2002, following a National Competiti on Policy review, the former Grain Pool of 
Western Australia became a wholly-owned subsidiary  (Grain Pool Pty Ltd) of the grower-owned 
company Co-operative Bulk Handling Ltd.  Grain Pool Pty Ltd holds the main export licence to 
export bulk barley, lupins and canola from Wester n Australia.  Grain Pool Pty Ltd operates under the 
Corporations Act 2001 . 
  Within the State of Western Australia, an independent statutory Grain Licensing Authority (GLA) exercises regulatory functions.  The GLA assesses applications and issues licences for the bulk 
export of prescribed commodities by companies other than Grain Pool Pty Ltd.  The GLA has no 
control over export shipments in containers or bags or for processed grain.  
B. Specification of exclusive or special right s or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise 
 
 Grain Pool Pty Ltd holds the main licence to export bulk barley, lupins and canola from Western Australia.  
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 10 
 
 
 C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation 
 
 Barley, lupins and canola can be imported into  Australia duty-free by any entity.  There are 
no tariffs applied to imports into Australia of these grains. 
  Grain Pool Pty Ltd holds the main licence to export bulk barley, lupins and canola from Western Australia.  The GLA assesses applicatio ns and issues licences for the bulk export of 
prescribed commodities by companies other than Grain Pool Pty Ltd.  The GLA has no control over 
export shipments in containers or bags or for proc essed grain.  Grain Pool Pty Ltd is not the sole 
Australian exporter of these products.  In other Australian States, exports of these goods are 
undertaken both by private traders and other sub-national bodies.  
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise 
  The export of prescribed grain by Grain Pool Pty Ltd is determined by market forces, on a 
commercial basis.  There are no tariffs applied on  the import of barley, lupins and canola into 
Australia.  
 
E. How export prices are determined 
  Export prices are determined by prevailing world prices.  
 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 Not applicable.  
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state 
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government 
 
 All sales contracts are entered into on a commercia l basis.  Grain Pool Pty Ltd is not used to 
fulfil contractual obligations entered into by th e government nor does the government enter into 
obligations on behalf of Grain Pool Pty Ltd.  
 
H. Brief description of market structure  
 Around 60 per cent to 70 per cent of national barley production is exported annually.  Barley 
is subject to specific export marketing arrangements in New South Wales (NSW Grains Board through GrainCorp Limited), South Australia (ABB  Grain Export Limited) and Western Australia 
(Grain Pool Pty Ltd).  Export marketing has been deregulated in Victoria and Queensland (which for 
barley accounts for around 25 per cent of Australian pr oduction).  Domestic marketing of barley has 
generally been deregulated under exemption or pe rmit arrangements in the those States with export 
marketing arrangements.  Domestic prices are influenced by expected pool returns from barley export 
markets and domestic availability of alternative feed grains.   Canola is the major oilseed crop in Australia and is produced mainly in the states of New 
South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria and South Australia.  Domestic trading is deregulated for 
oilseeds, although export regulatory arrangements ex ist for canola in New South Wales and Western 
Australia.     Lupin production occurs in Western Austra lia, New South Wales, Victoria, and South 
Australia.  Export regulatory arrangements exist for lupins in Western Australia only.    G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 11 
 
 
  
 There are no import tariffs for barley, lupins or oilseeds.  IV.  Statistical Information ( see attached Tables I - III)  
 
V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place ( as appropriate)  
  Not applicable.  
VI. Additional Information ( as appropriate) 
  None. G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 12 
 
 
 I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises 
 
A. Identification of state trading enterprises 
 
 ABB Grain Export Limited 
 B. Description of products affected (includi ng tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description) 
  Unprocessed bulk barley grown in South Australia [HS 1003] 
 II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
   ABB Grain Export Limited manages the ‘single desk’ rights to export barley grown in the 
state of South Australia.  ABB Grain Export Limited’s purpose is to:   - supply effective and efficient marketing services to South Australian barley growers;  
 - maximise the net returns to South Austra lian barley growers by securing, developing 
and maintaining markets for barley and by minimising costs as far as practicable.  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant  exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers 
 
 The State of South Australia Barley Marketing Act 1993 (as amended)  provides ABB Grain 
Export Limited with statutory acquisition powers over barley produced in South Australia for export 
in bulk.  III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise 
 
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
 
 ABB Grain Export Limited manages the ‘single desk’ to export barley grown in South 
Australia.  ABB Grain Export Limited is a wholly-o wned subsidiary of the majority grower owned 
and controlled, publicly listed company, ABB Grain Limited.   
  ABB Grain Limited became a grower owned/controlled company on 1 July 1999 after a 
National Competition Policy review, replacing the former statutory Australian Barley Board.  In July 2002, ABB Grain Limited listed on the Australian St ock Exchange.  The shares are in two classes: 
 
 - A-Class (‘control shares’), which can on ly be held by active grain producers. 
  - B-Class (‘equity shares’), which are listed on the Australian Stock Exchange.   ABB Grain Export Limited operations focus on th e international marketing of barley grown 
in South Australia. 
  Under the Barley Marketing Act 1993 (Victoria), ABB Grain Export Ltd had certain statutory 
acquisition powers over barley produced in the Stat e of Victoria.  From 1 July 2001, these acquisition  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 13 
 
 
 powers were removed with the result that both the expo rt and domestic barley markets in Victoria are 
now deregulated.  B. Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
ABB Grain Export Limited has statutory ac quisition powers over barley produced in 
South Australia for export in bulk.  
 
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation 
 
 Barley can be imported into Australia by any entity.  There are no tariffs applied to imports 
into Australia of barley (HS 1003).    
 
 ABB Grain Export Limited is the sole exporter in  bulk of barley grown in South Australia.  
ABB Grain Export Limited is not the sole Australian exporter of barley.  In other Australian States, 
exports of barley are undertaken both by private traders and other sub-national bodies.  
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
  ABB Grain Export Limited does not establish e xport levels of South Australian barley, as 
these are determined by market forces, on a commerci al basis.  There are no tariffs applied on the 
import of barley into Australia.  E. How export prices are determined.  
 
 Export prices are determined by prevailing world prices.  
 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 Not applicable.  
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state 
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government 
 
 All sales contracts are entered into on a comme rcial basis.  ABB Grain Export Limited is not 
used to fulfil contractual obligations entered in to by the government nor does the government enter 
into obligations on behalf of ABB Grain Export Limited.  
 
H. Brief description of market structure  
  Around 60 per cent to 70 per cent of national barley production is exported annually.  Barley 
is subject to specific export marketing arrangements in New South Wales (NSW Grains Board through GrainCorp Limited), South Australia (ABB  Grain Export Limited) and Western Australia 
(Grain Pool Pty Ltd).  Export marketing has been deregulated in Victoria and Queensland (which for 
barley accounts for around 25 per cent of Australian pr oduction).  Domestic marketing of barley has 
generally been deregulated under exemption or permit arrangements in those States with export 
marketing arrangements.  Domestic prices are influenced by expected pool returns from barley export markets and domestic availability of alternative feed grains. There are no import tariffs for barley.  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 14 
 
 
 IV.  Statistical Information ( see attached Tables I - III)  
 V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place ( as appropriate)  
 
 Not applicable. 
 VI. Additional Information ( as appropriate) 
  ABB Grain Export Ltd previously had statutor y acquisition powers over barley produced in 
the state of Victoria which was to be exported in bulk under the Barley Marketing Act 1993 
(Victoria) .  From 1 July 2001, the compulsory acquis ition powers over barley in Victoria were 
removed with the result that both the export and domestic barley markets in that State are now deregulated.   
 
     
 
    
 
     
 
    
 
     
 
    
 
     G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 15 
 
 
 I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises 
 
A. Identification of state trading enterprises. 
 
 Queensland Sugar Limited (QSL)  
 B. Description of products affected (includi ng tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description) 
 
 Raw cane sugar grown in the State of Queensland [HS 1701.11]. 
 II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
   QSL, a wholly industry owned company, is the exclusive export marketer of the State of 
Queensland’s annual raw sugar production.  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant  exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers 
 
 Under State of Queensland Government legislation, the Sugar Industry Amendment Act 2000 , 
QSL has exclusive rights on behalf of growers an d millers to acquire and market all raw sugar 
produced in Queensland.  Raw sugar produced in  the States of New South Wales and Western 
Australia are not subject to the Qu eensland Government legislation. 
 
III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  A. Summary statement providing overview of op erations of the state trading enterprise  
 
 Queensland Sugar Limited (QSL), a company incorporated under the Corporations Act  
commenced trading on 28 July 2000.  QSL is limite d by guarantee and is who lly owned by the sugar 
producers of Queensland (50 per cent by growers and 50 per cent by millers).  The company is 
accountable to the industry through its 35 memb ers – 10 mill owners, representatives of Queensland’s 
23 Local Mill Suppliers’ Committees and one repr esentative each from Australian Cane Farmers 
Association and CANEGROWERS Organisation. 
 
 QSL’s core function is to market its owne rs’ raw sugar in both the domestic and export 
markets.  The Queensland government through the Sugar Industry Amendment Act 2000  vests all the 
raw sugar produced in Queensland in QSL.   Key activities of QSL include: 
 
• acquiring and marketing Queensland’s raw sugar; 
• negotiating arrangements for the shipment of raw sugar; 
• managing sugar price and foreign exchange exposure; 
• distributing pool returns to mill owners; 
• encouraging overall industry efficiency; and 
• promoting the Queensland raw sugar industry. 
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 16 
 
 
  QSL pools the revenue earned from all sales of  Queensland raw sugar.  Queensland’s sugar 
millers and cane growers are paid from this pool fo r the raw sugar they produce.  Throughout the 
crushing season, QSL makes payments from the pool to  mills for the amount of raw sugar they have 
delivered to the bulk sugar terminals. These weekly payments are called Advances.  Before the start 
of each crushing season, an initial Advance Rate is se t as a percentage of the estimated price per tonne 
of sugar expected for that season.  The final pri ce per tonne received by Queensland producers in any 
given season is affected by world sugar prices and the Australian/US dollar exchange rates. 
  The Advance payments are adjusted through out the season as changes occur in the world 
sugar price and the exchange rate.  Once mill owners  receive their Advance payments, they then make 
payments to cane growers for the cane they have su pplied to the mills.  At the end of each financial 
year, a final Pool Price is calculated which takes into account the Advance Payments made during the 
season and provides a total price paid per tonne of sugar for that season.  B. Specification of exclusive or special right s or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
 QSL has exclusive rights to export raw sugar produced in Queensland.  These exclusive rights 
do not extend to Australia’s other sugar producing States.  
 
C .Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation 
 
 Sugar can be imported into Australia by any entity.  There are no tariffs applied under HS 
1701 and there are no non-tariff barriers restricting sugar imports.  QSL is the sole exporter of 
Queensland raw sugar.  There are no statutory rest rictions on the marketing/export of raw sugar in 
other Australian States.  
 
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
 Australian raw sugar import/export levels are determined by market forces, on a commercial 
basis.  There are no tariffs applied or other legislative restrictions imposed that limit the import of raw 
sugar into Australia.  
 
E. How export prices are determined  
 Export prices are determined by prevailing world prices.  
 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 Not applicable.  
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state 
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government 
 
 All sales contracts are entered into on a comme rcial basis.  QSL is not used to fulfil 
contractual obligations entered into by the governme nt nor does the government enter into obligations 
on behalf of QSL.  
  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 17 
 
 
 H. Brief description of market structure  
 
 QSL acquires all raw sugar produced in Queensl and.  QSL is responsible for overseeing the 
export marketing of Queensland raw sugar, negotiati ng arrangements for the shipment of raw sugar, 
distributing the proceeds to producers and coordina ting production regulations.  In other Australian 
States sugar marketing is undertaken by the mill owner.  IV.  Statistical Information ( see attached Tables I - III)  
 
V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place ( as appropriate)  
  Not applicable.  VI. Additional Information ( as appropriate) 
 
 None. G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 18 
 
 
 I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises 
 
A. Identification of state trading enterprises 
 
 The Rice Marketing Board for the State of New South Wales 
 
B. Description of products affected (includi ng tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description) 
 
 Rice grown in the State of New South Wales [HS 1006]. 
 II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
   The Rice Marketing Board for the State of New South Wales’ primary purpose is to ensure 
that rice grown in the State of New South Wales is ma rketed to optimise grower returns.  The Board is 
also responsible for the provision of suitable  off farm rice storage and recieval facilities.  
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant  exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers 
 
 The Rice Marketing Board for the State of New South Wales’ operating authority is provided 
by the State of New South Wales Marketing of Primary Products Act 1983 .  A vesting proclamation 
has been enacted vesting all rice  produced in New South Wales in the Board until January 2009.  The 
Board has appointed the Ricegrowers’ Co-operative Li mited as its authorised buyer and authorised 
agent under the Act.  III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  A. Summary statement providing overview of op erations of the state trading enterprise  
 
 The Rice Marketing Board consists of five members, three of whom are elected by the 
growers, and two who are nominated by the New South Wales Minister for Agriculture.   All paddy rice grown in New South Wales is  divested from producers and becomes the sole 
property of the Board under a vesting proclamation,  which has been extended until January 2009.  All 
paddy rice must be delivered to the Board, or its authorised buyer.    Under an agreement with the Ricegrowers’ Co -operative Limited, the Board has appointed 
the Co-operative as its sole authorised buyer under the Marketing of Primary Products Act 1983 . 
 
 To enable these functions, and the purchase by the Co-operative to occur, the Board has given 
an exemption from vesting to all paddy rice that is delivered to it authorised buyer, namely, 
Ricegrowers' Co-operative Limited.   It is the Board’s responsibility to ensure that  maximum monetary returns are made on behalf 
of all New South Wales rice growers. 
  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 19 
 
 
 B. Specification of exclusive or special right s or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
 
 The Marketing of Primary Products Act 1983  entitles the Rice Marketing Board for the State 
of New South Wales to exclusive rights to sell a ll rice grown in the State of New South Wales to 
world markets.  
 
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation 
  Rice can be imported into Australia by any en tity.  There are no tariffs applied under HS 1006 
to rice imports.  The Rice Marketing Board for the State of New South Wales is the sole exporter of 
New South Wales rice.  There are no statutory rest rictions on the marketing/export of rice in other 
Australian States.  
 D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
 Australian rice import/export leve ls are determined by market forces, on a commercial basis.  
There are no tariffs applied on the import of rice into Australia.  
 
E. How export prices are determined 
 
 Export prices are determined by prevailing world prices.  
 
F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined 
  These arrangements do not cover imports.  
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state 
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government 
 
 All sales contracts are entered into on a commerc ial basis.  The Rice Marketing Board for the 
State of New South Wales is not used to fulfil cont ractual obligations entered into by the government 
nor does the government enter into obligations on beha lf of the Rice Marketing Board for the State of 
New South Wales.  
 
H. Brief description of market structure  
 
 The Australian market is open to competition from imports around the world.  There are no tariffs or restrictions imposed on imports from any destination.   Approximately 80 per cent of total New Sout h Wales rice production is exported to over 60 
countries.  The domestic market represents appr oximately 220,000 tonnes and is subject to 
competition from production in other states and impor ts that amount to around 30 per cent of the 
Australian rice market.     About 99 per cent of total rice grown in Austra lia occurs in the State of New South Wales.  
 In other Australian States rice marketing unde rtaken by a range of commercial traders. 
 IV.  Statistical Information ( see attached Tables I - III)  
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 20 
 
 
 V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place ( as appropriate)  
  Not applicable.  
VI. Additional Information ( as appropriate) 
  The Rice Marketing Board for the State of New South Wales is financed by the industry and receives no subsidies or contributions from governments.  The only return to growers is from the sale of their product.  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 21 
 
 
 I. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises 
 
A. Identification of state trading enterprise 
 
 Australian Dairy Corporation (ADC) 
 
B. Description of products affected (includi ng tariff item number(s) encompassed in product 
description) 
  Cheese [HS 0406] 
 II. Reason and Purpose  
A. Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise 
   The ADC was established to enhance the profitable production and marketing of Australian 
dairy produce.  Its primary functions included:   - improving the marketability of Australian dairy produce;  - promoting the consumption of Australian dairy produce both in Australia and in 
foreign countries; 
 - assisting in the marketing of Australian dairy produce for export and for trade and 
commerce among the Australian States; 
 - controlling the export from Aust ralia of dairy produce;  and 
 - in response to tariff quota restrictions elsewhere, controlling the marketing of dairy 
produce that has been exported from Australia. 
  In July 2003, the ADC was converted into a private corporation, Dairy Australia, which no 
longer meets the WTO definition of an STE. 
 
B. Summary of legal basis for granting the relevant  exclusive or special rights or privileges, 
including legal provisions and summary of statutory or constitutional powers 
 
 The statutory powers of the ADC were embodied in the Dairy Produce Act 1986 (this Act has 
since been amended).  
III. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise 
 
A. Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
 
 In the reporting period, the ADC undertook th e marketing of selected dairy products to 
selected export markets on behalf of the Australian in dustry.  This role invol ved the sale of Cheddar 
Cheese to the EU under quota and the export of Che ddar and shredding cheese to Japan.  Exports of 
other cheese varieties and dairy products were undertaken  directly by individual export firms.  In the 
period in question ADC exports accounted for approx imately 10 per cent of Australian dairy exports. 
  Following deregulation of the Australian dairy industry in July 2000, a review was conducted 
of the organisations and structures that assist the in dustry with marketing, research and development 
and technical support.  One outcome of this revi ew was that the ADC and industry organisations 
agreed that the ADC would discontinue its role as a commercial exporter of Australian dairy product.  
From 1 January 2003, the ADC ceased co mmercial marketing of dairy products. 
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 22 
 
 
  A further outcome of this review was that the Australian Commonwealth Parliament passed 
the Dairy Industry Service Reform Act 2003  in March of that year.  This legislation underpinned the 
conversion of the ADC and the Dairy Research and Development Corporation into a private 
Corporation, limited by guarantee, named Dairy Australia Limited.   
 
 Dairy Australia commenced operations on 1 Ju ly 2003 and is owned and controlled by the 
dairy industry.  It provides a range of indus try services spanning the value chain including 
fundamental research and development, generic mark eting, trade advice and market intelligence.  
Dairy Australia is funded through farmer levies and matching government contributions for specific 
research and development activities.   
  While Dairy Australia carries out most of th e activities previously undertaken by the ADC, 
regulatory arrangements relating to the export of  Australian dairy products under tariff quotas has 
moved to the Australian Government Departme nt of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 
 
 Under its new structure and operations, Dairy Australia does not meet the WTO definition of 
an STE.    
B. Specification of exclusive or special right s or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
  Prior to July 2003, the powers of the ADC were embodied in the Dairy Produce Act 1986 .  
Under the Act, all firms could be licensed to export Australian dairy produce, except where the 
applicants have been convicted of prescribed o ffences.  The Act also allowed the ADC, with the 
consent of industry, to issue directions which restrict the export or sale of dairy produce to certain 
markets.  The ADC had industry consent to act as the authorized sole seller of dairy produce to certain 
overseas markets.  Under a separate direction, the ADC was also respons ible for ensuring that 
licensed exporters comply with Australia’s tariff quo ta requirements with respect to dairy exports to 
the USA.   
 
C. Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and c onditions for participation 
 
 Before July 2003, licensed Australian manufacturers or trading companies could export dairy 
produce to all markets other than those specifically identified in Industry Directions. Similarly, the 
ADC exerted no control over the import of dairy produce into Australia.   
 
D. How import/export levels are established by the state trading enterprise  
 
 The volume of ADC agency sales to Japan in  any given year was determined through 
commercial negotiations with local product suppliers  and end users.  The balance of supply and 
demand for bulk cheese in Japan determined the volume.   
 
 In the European Union, the ADC supplied pr oduct against Australia’s traditional minimum 
access quota for cheddar cheese of 3,750 tonnes.  In  addition, the ADC supplied product under the 
minimum access quota arrangements introduced by th e European Union after the Uruguay Round.  
Sales volumes to this market category were dete rmined by quarterly negotiations between the ADC 
and those firms who receive import licenses from the relevant authorities in EU member states. 
  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS  Page 23 
 
 
 E. How export prices are determined  
 
 As with export volumes, ADC selling prices were  determined by commercial negotiation with 
end users and local suppliers.  Australian export prices (including ADC sales) reflected prevailing 
international market pric es and supply competition. 
  In the case of the European Union, the ADC’s returns from the product sold under historical 
access quotas also reflected the specific access conditions applying to these quotas. 
 F. How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
 
 Not applicable. 
 
G. Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state 
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual  obligations entered into by the government  
 
 All sales contracts were entered into on a co mmercial basis.  ADC was not used to fulfil 
contractual obligations entered into by the governme nt nor did the government enter into obligations 
on behalf of ADC.  H. Brief description of market structure  
 
 The climate and natural resources of certain regions of Australia are suitable for pasture-based 
dairying (around 80 per cent of cows are fed by gr azing), providing the basis for efficient dairy 
production in Australia.  The majority of Australian dairy farms remain family  owned and operated.  
Share farming is a significant mode of operation in the industry as it supports the family farm mode of 
operation.   The Australian dairy industry can be divide d into two separate but related sectors, the 
manufacturing milk sector and the market milk sector. The vast majority (about 80 per cent) of Australian milk production is channelled into th e manufacturing of dairy products (manufacturing 
milk sector).  The remaining 20 per cent of milk  produced is used for liquid milk consumption 
(market milk sector).     Australia exports around half of its annual m ilk production.  Principal export products in both 
value and volume terms are skim milk powder and cheese, with butter and whole milk powder also 
major contributors to industry export returns.   
 IV.  Statistical Information ( see attached Tables I - III)  
 V. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place ( as appropriate)  
 
 Not applicable. 
 VI. Additional Information ( as appropriate) 
 
 None. G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS Page 24 
 
 
 SECTION IV:  STATISTICAL INFORMATION (TABLES I-III) 
 
NOTES
 
 
 
 The data required for these tables are not av ailable on a consistent basis and so figures in 
different columns are generally not comparable.  In  particular, no adjustments have been made for 
factors such as quality, transport terms, and different  time periods (e.g. marketing year versus fiscal 
year).  Differing sources have had to be used, also  resulting in non-comparability.  In addition, much 
of the data is not collected or is otherwise not available.   
 Key to notes:  NA Not available. 
N/A Not applicable. 
  
  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS, 
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS
 Page 25TABLE I 
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS  
 
Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Total quantity 
imported Quantity imported 
by 
state trading 
enterprise Average 
import price Average  
representative 
domestic sales 
price Mark-up National 
production 
1   2 3 4 5 6 7 
Wheat (HS 1001) 
AWB (International) Ltd  ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 NA 
NA 
NA NA Nil 
Nil 
Nil Nil
 N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A
 N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A
 21,4641 
24,758 
22,108 24,299  
Barley (HS 1003) 
NSW Grains Board  ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A NA 
NA 
A$165/t2 
A$188/t NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 5,9871 
5,032 
6,743 
8,280 
Sorghum (HS 1007) 
NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 NA 
NA Nil 
Nil NA 
NA Nil 
Nil NA 
NA Nil 
Nil NA 
NA A$155.75/t
2 
A$165.50/t NA 
NA N/A 
N/A 1,891
1 
2,116 1,935 
2,021 
Canola (HS 1207)  
NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 NA 
NA 
Nil Nil NA 
NA 
N/A N/A NA 
NA 
N/A N/A NA 
NA 
A$335.00/t
2 
A$376.00/t NA 
NA 
N/A N/A 1,690
1 
2,426 
1,775 1,756
 
Barley (HS 1003) 
Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 Nil 
Nil 
Nil 
Nil N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 5,987
1 
5,032 
6,743 
8,280  
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS 
Page 26 Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Total quantity 
imported Quantity imported 
by 
state trading 
enterprise Average 
import price Average  
representative 
domestic sales 
price Mark-up National 
production 
1   2 3 4 5 6 7 
Lupins (HS 0713.90) Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 1,696
1 
1,968 
1,055 1,215 
Canola (HS 1205) 
Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 NA 
NA 
Nil 
Nil NA 
NA 
N/A 
N/A NA 
NA 
N/A 
N/A NA 
NA 
NA 
NA NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 1,6901 
2,426 
1,775 
1,756 
Barley (HS 1003)  
ABB Grain Export 
Limited ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 Nil 
Nil Nil 
Nil N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A 5,987
1 
5,032 6,743 
8,280 
Raw Cane Sugar (HS 
1701.11) 
Queensland Sugar Limited  ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 NA 
NA 
NA NA Nil 
Nil 
Nil Nil N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A Export parity
3 
Export parity 
Export parity Export parity N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 4,998
1 
5,448 
4,162 4,987 
Rice (HS 1006) 
The Rice Marketing Board 
for the State of NSW ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 39
1 
48 50 
55 N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A A$453/t
4 
A$366/t A$342/t 
A$366/t N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A 1,390
1 
1,101 1,643 
1,275 
Cheese (HS 0406) 
Australian Dairy 
Corporation  ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 31
1 
32 
37 38 Nil 
Nil 
Nil Nil
 N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A
 A$3,753/t5 
A$3,500/t 
A$3,499/t A$3,755/t N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A
 3271 
373 
376 431 
1.  Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), Australian Commodity Statistics , 2003.    4.  ABARE, op. cit ., Australian indicator price. 
2.  Grainco Trading & MarketLink (Aust) P/L (unpublishe d)       5.  Dairy Australia (unpublished)   
3.  Queensland Sugar Limited   
  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS, 
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS
 Page 27 
TABLE II  
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 
 
Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Total quantity 
exported Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise Average 
procurement 
price Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price Average 
export price National 
production 
1   2 3 4 5 6 7 
Wheat (HS 1001) 
AWB (International) Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 16,3911 
17,784 
16,085 
16,304 15,8392 
17,293 
15,039 
16,084  A$185/t3 
1. A$1
90/t 
A$234/t 
A$259/t  N/A N/A 
N/A 
N/A
 A$235/t4 
A$221/t 
A$218/t 
A$312/t 21,4641 
24,758 
22,108 
24,299 
Barley (HS 1003)  NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 4,765
1 
3,325 
4,567 
5,274 NA 
NA 
2015 
233 NA 
A$141/t5 
A$174/t 
A$202/t NA 
A$162/t5 
A$190/t 
A$220/t NA 
A$191/t5 
A$225/t 
A$250/t 5,9871 
5,032 
6,743 
8,280 
Sorghum (1007)  
NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 493
1 
665 
501 375
 NA 
1165 
230 4 NA 
A$125/t
5 
A$163/t A$187/t NA 
A$140/t
5 
A$180/t A$200/t NA 
A$160/t
5 
A$199/t A$223/t 1,891
1 
2,116 
1,935 2,021 
Canola (HS 1207) NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 1320
1 
1,893 
1,479 
1,304 NA 
4255 
272 
390 NA 
NA 
NA 
NA NA 
NA 
NA 
NA NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 1,6901 
2,426 
1,775 
1,756 
Barley (HS 1003) Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 4,765
1 
3,325 4,567 
5,274 1,024
6 
788 815 
1,600 A$175/t
6 
A$183/t A$203/t 
A$182/t A$181/t
6 
A$191/t A$205/t 
A$187/t A$241/t
6 
A$231/t A$234/t 
A$199/t  5,9871 
5,032 6,743 
8,280  
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS 
Page 28 Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Total quantity 
exported Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise Average 
procurement 
price Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price Average 
export price National 
production 
1   2 3 4 5 6 7 
Lupins (HS 0713.90) 
Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 9701 
1,424 
714 
414 9316 
1,184 
286 
362 A$180/t6 
A$153/t 
A$221/t 
A$195/t A$183/t6 
A$161/t 
A$230/t 
A$205/t A$199/t6 
A$173/t 
A$241/t 
A$221/t  1,6961 
1,968 
1,055 
1,215  
Canola (HS 1205) 
Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 1320
1 
1,893 1,479 
1,304  4466 
782 222 
290 A$422/t
6 
A$310/t A$344/t 
A$490/t A$441/t
6 
A$352/t A$371/t 
A$532/t A$451/t
6 
A$352/t A$371/t 
A$532/t  1,6901 
2,426 1,775 
1,756 
Barley (HS 1003)  
ABB Grain Export 
Limited ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 4,765
1 
3,325 4,567 
5,274 1,771
7 
1,361 2,874 
2,089 NA 
NA NA 
NA NA 
NA NA 
NA NA 
NA NA 
NA 5,987
1 
5,032 6,743 
8,280 
Raw Cane Sugar (HS 
1701.11) 
Queensland Sugar Limited ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 3,961
1 
4,131 
2,966 3,594 3,672
8 
4,104 
2,930 3,337 A$352/t
9 
A$255/t 
A$253/t A$332/t Export parity
10 
Export parity 
Export parity Export parity NA 
NA 
NA NA 4,998
1 
5,448 
4,162 4,987 
Rice (HS 1006) 
The Rice Marketing Board 
for the State of NSW  
 ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 582
1 
672 602 
629 All exported by 
Board  A$214/t
11 
A$217/t A$233/t 
A$193/t N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A A$668/t
1 
A$616/t A$637/t 
A$516/t 1,390
1 
1,101 1,643 
1,275  
  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS, 
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS
 Page 29Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Total quantity 
exported Quantity exported 
by state trading 
enterprise Average 
procurement 
price Average 
representative 
domestic sales 
price Average 
export price National 
production 
1   2 3 4 5 6 7 
Cheese (HS 0406) 
Australian Dairy 
Corporation ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 1751 
220 
219 
218 5512 
60 
42 
53 A$3,872/t12 
A$3,476/t 
A$4,167/t 
A$4,111/t A$3,753/t12 
A$3,500/t 
A$3,499/t 
A$3,755/t A$3,967/t1 
A$3,670/t 
A$4,342/t 
A$4,738/t 3271 
373 
376 
431 
1.  Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), Australian Commodity Statistics , 2003 
2.  AWB (International) Limited (unpublished) 3.  AWB (International) Limited ( www.awb.com.au
), prices for Australian standard white wheat from all Aust ralian states for 1998/99 & 1999/00, and Australian premium white fr om all Australian states 
for 2000/01 & 2001/02.  The average procurement price is a fina lised pool price with the pool running over, on average, 18 mont hs and running the cycle of a harvested wheat season. 
4.  ABARE, op. cit ., average of daily asking prices for Australian standard wh ite wheat fob eastern states for the period June-July.   
5.  Grainco Trading & MarketLink (Aust) P/L (unpublished) 6.  Grain Pool Pty Ltd (unpublished) 7.  ABB Grain Export Limited (unpublished) 8.  Queensland Sugar Limited 9.  Queensland Sugar Limited.  While not a procurement price, the price provided is the pool price paid for acquired raw sugar.    
10.  Queensland Sugar Limited.  The average representative dome stic sales price is since 1 July 1997 an export parity price. 
11.  The Rice Marketing Board for the State of New South Wales (unpublished). 12.  Dairy Australia (unpublished)   
  
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS 
Page 30  
TABLE III  
 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES  
 
Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Domestic purchases 
by state trading 
enterprise National production Domestic sales by 
state trading 
enterprise National consumption 
1   2 3 4 5 
Wheat (HS 1001) 
AWB (International) Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02
 16,6931 
19,138 
15,216 19,583 21,464
2 
24,758 
22,108 24,299  39
1 
9 
7 350 4,306
4 
4,636 
4,703 4,796 
Barley (HS 1003) NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 NA 
425
3 
509 
630 5,9872 
5,032 
6,743 
8,280  NA 228
3 
308 
397 2,1584 
2,011 
2,325 
2,499 
Sorghum (HS 1007) NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 NA 
185
3 
278 110 1,891
2 
2,116 1,935 2,021
 NA 60
3 
48 106 1,399
4 
1,452 1,433 1,646 
Canola (HS 1207) NSW Grains Board ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 NA 
483
3 
324 
555 1,6902 
2,426 
1,775 
1,756  NA 58
3 
52 
165 3554 
370 
286 
399 
Barley (HS 1003) Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 1,024
5 
788 815 
1,600 5,987
2 
5,032 6,743 
8,280
 515 
86 98 
171 2,158
4 
2,011 2,325 
2,499  
  G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS, 
 G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS
 Page 31Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Domestic purchases 
by state trading 
enterprise National production Domestic sales by 
state trading 
enterprise National consumption 
1   2 3 4 5 
Lupins (HS 0713.90) 
Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 9315
4 
1,183 
285 361 1,696
2 
1,968 
1,055 1,215 Nil
5 
Nil 
14 16 501
4 
516 
546 534 
Canola (HS 1205) Grain Pool Pty Ltd ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 
2001-02 446
5 
781 
221 
289 1,6902 
2,426 
1,775 
1,756  Nil5 
Nil 
2 
Nil 3554 
370 
286 
399 
Barley (HS 1003)  ABB Grain Export Limited ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 2,223
6 
1,334 2,155 
2,420 5,987
2 
5,032 6,743 
8,280 278 
Nil Nil 
Nil 2,158
4 
2,011 2,325 
2,499 
Raw Cane Sugar (HS 1701.11) Queensland Sugar Limited ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 N/A
7 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 4,9982 
5,448 
4,162 4,987 835
8 
809 
819 875 NA
 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Rice (HS 1006)  
The Rice Marketing Board for the 
State of NSW 
  ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 2000-01 
2001-02 N/A 
N/A N/A 
N/A 1,390
2 
1,101 1,643 
1,275 NA 
NA NA 
NA 133
2 
NA NA 
NA  
 G/STR/N/6/AUS, G/STR/N/7/AUS,  
G/STR/N/8/AUS, G/STR/N/9/AUS 
Page 32  
Description of product(s) 
(including HS number(s)) Unit Year Domestic purchases 
by state trading 
enterprise National production Domestic sales by 
state trading 
enterprise National consumption 
1   2 3 4 5 
Cheese (HS 0406) 
Australian Dairy Corporation ‘000 tonnes 1998-99 
1999-00 
2000-01 2001-02 55
9 
60 
42 53 327
2 
373 
376 431 Nil 
Nil 
Nil Nil 204
2 
219 
219 211 
1.  AWB (International) Limited (unpublished) 
2.  Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), Australian Commodity Statistics , 2003 
 3.  Grainco Trading & MarketLink (Aust) P/L (unpublished)  4.  ABARE, Australian Crop Report No 128 , December 2003.  
 5.  Grain Pool Pty Ltd (unpublished)  6.  ABB Grain Export Limited (unpublished)  7.  All Queensland production is vest ed in the Queensland Sugar Limited. 
 8.  Queensland Sugar Limited (unpublished)  9.  Dairy Australia (unpublished)  
__________