WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/DCS/W/USA
27 February 2003
(03-1210)
Trade in Services Original:  English
COMMUNICATION FROM THE UNITED STATES
United States' Schedule of Specific Commitments
under the General Agreement on Trade in Services
To facilitate the process of negotiations, including presentation of initial offers, the United States
has prepared the attached draft consolidated version of its Schedule of Specific Commitments and List of
Article II (MFN) Exemptions.  This is not a legally binding document and does not substitute for the
legally binding commitments and exemptions undertaken by the United States in its Schedule of Specific
Commitments (GATS/SC/90;  GATS/SC/90/Suppl.2 a nd 3) and List of Article II (MFN) Exemptions
(GATS/EL/90; GATS/EL/90/Suppl.2 and 3).
_______________S/DCS/W/USA
Page 3THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS COVERED BY THIS SCHEDULE:  For the purpose of this schedule the "United States" is defined as encompassing the 50 s tates of the United
States, plus the District of Columbia.
All Sectors:  Temporary
Entry And Stay of NaturalPersons
14) Unbound, except for measures concerning
temporary entry and stay of nationals of anothermember who fall into the categories listedbelow:4) Unbound
Services Salespersons - persons not based in the
territory of the United States and receiving no
remuneration from a source located within the United
States, who are engaged in activities related to
representing a services supplier for the purpose ofnegotiating for the sale of the services of that supplierwhere:  a) such sales are not directly made to thegeneral public and b) the salesperson is not engaged in
supplying the service.  Entry for persons named in this
section is limited to a ninety-day period.
                                                     
1 "Temporary entry" means entry without intent to establish permanent residence under immigration laws of the US and confers no rights with respect to
citizenship.  US commitments regarding entry and temporary stay in the US do not apply in cases of labour/management disputes.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 4Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Intra-corporate Transferees - managers, executives and
specialists, as defined below, who are employees of
firms that provide services within the United Statesthrough a branch, subsidiary, or affiliate established inthe United States and who have been in the prior
employ of their firm outside the United States for a
period of not less than one year immediately precedingthe date of their application for admission and who areone of the following:
a) Managers  - persons within an organization who
primarily direct the organization, or adepartment or sub-division of theorganization, supervise and control the
work of other supervisory, professional or
managerial employees, have the authorityto hire and fire or recommend hiring, firing,or other personnel actions (such aspromotion or leave authorization), and
exercise discretionary authority over
day-to-day operations.  Does not includefirst-line supervisors, unless the employeessupervised are professionals, nor does itinclude employees who primarily performtasks necessary for the provision of the
service.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 5Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
b) Executives  - persons within the organization who
primarily direct the management of theorganization, establish the goals andpolicies of the organization, exercise widelatitude in decision-making, and receive
only general supervision or direction from
higher-level executives, the board ofdirectors, or stockholders of the business.Executives would not directly performtasks related to the actual provision of aservice or services of the organization.
c) Specialists  - persons within an organization who
possess knowledge at an advanced level of
continued expertise and who possess
proprietary knowledge of the organization'sservices, research equipment, techniques,or management.  (Specialists may include,but are not limited to, members of licenced
professions.)
Entry for persons named in this section is limited to a
three-year period that may be extended for up to twoadditional years for a total term not to exceed fiveyears.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 6Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Personnel Engaged in Establishment - A person who
has been employed in the immediately preceding year
by an entity described in Section II, receivingremuneration from that source, who occupies amanagerial or executive position with that entity and is
entering the territory of the United States for the
purpose of establishing an entity described in Section IIthat will support employment of persons named inparagraphs a), b), and c) therein.  The subject personsshall present proof of acquisition of physical premisesfor the entity that shall commence its business
operations within one year of the date of entry of that
person.
Fashion Models and Specialty Occupations - Up to
65,000 persons annually on a world-wide basis inoccupations as set out in 8 USC. ' 1101 (a) (15) (H) (i)(b), consisting of (i) fashion models who are ofdistinguished merit and ability; and (ii) persons
engaged in a specialty occupation, requiring (a)
theoretical and practical application of a body of highlyspecialized knowledge; and (b) attainment of abachelor's or higher degree in the specialty (or itsequivalent) as a minimum for entry into the occupationin the United States.  Persons seeking admission under
(ii) above shall possess the following qualifications: (a)
full licensure  in a US state to practice in theoccupation, if such licensure is required to practice inthe occupation in that state; and (b) completion of therequired degree, or experience in the specialty
equivalent to the completion of the required degree and
recognition of expertise in the specialty throughprogressively responsible positions relating to thespecialty.  Entry for persons named in this section islimited to three years.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 7Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Specialty occupation aliens and their employers must
be in compliance with all labour condition applicationrequirements that are attested to by the establishedemployer.  These requirements are: a) wages paid to theperson are the greater of: 1) the actual wage paid by the
employer to individuals in that place of employment
with similar qualifications and experience, or 2) theprevailing wage for that occupational classification inthe area of employment; b) conditions of work are suchthat they will not adversely affect working conditionsfor those similarly employed; c) there is no strike or
lockout in the course of a labour/management dispute
in progress at the place of employment affecting thesubject occupation; labour/management dispute inprogress at the place of employment;
d) the employer has not laid off or otherwise
displaced workers in the subject occupation inthe previous six months and will not lay off or
displace any US worker during the 90-day period
following the filing of an application or the90-day periods preceding and following thefiling of any visa petition supported by theapplication; e) the employer has taken and istaking timely and significant steps to recruit and
retain sufficient US workers in the specialty
occupation; and f) notice is given at the time ofapplication by the employer to employees ortheir representatives at the place of employment.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 8Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
All Sectors: Acquisition of
Land3) None 3) The federal government restricts initial
sale of federally-owned lands to UScitizens.  (Preceding restriction does notapply to foreign-owned companiesformed under the laws of any state of
the United States.)
Acquisition of land reclaimed with
federal funds and reclamation of desertland is restricted to individual UScitizens
Ownership of land by non-US citizensis limited in:  Kentucky (restrictions
apply only to individuals, not to
foreign-owned companies incorporatedwithin the United States) and SouthCarolina (applies to individuals andforeign-owned corporations).
Purchase of land by non-US citizens notresident within the state is restricted in:
Oklahoma, Florida, and Wyoming.  In
Mississippi, non-US citizens may notpurchase more than 5 acres forresidential property, or more than 320acres for industrial development.
Non-US citizens may not purchase orbid on sales of public lands in:  Hawaii,
Idaho, Mississippi, Montana, and
OregonS/DCS/W/USA
Page 9Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
All Sectors: Taxation
Measures1) None
2) None3) None1), 2), 3)  At the federal level, with respect
to direct taxes:
Differential tax treatment may be
provided between trusts created or
organized in the United States to
provide employee benefits and trustsnot created or organized in the UnitedStates and their respectivebeneficiaries.  Such provisions affectthe taxation of the income of the trust
or the beneficiary, the availability of
deductions to taxpayers forcontributions to the trust, and taxadministration requirements;  theseprovisions include different rules forallowing deductions to, and
determining the earnings of, foreign
employee benefit plans.
An increase in the rate or a widening ofthe base of a federal income tax maybe imposed on a national, resident orcorporation of a foreign country wherea national, resident or corporation of
the United States is being subjected to
discriminatory or extraterritorial taxes(as described in section 891 or section896 of the Internal Revenue Code).
At the federal level, with respect to taxesother than direct taxes:S/DCS/W/USA
Page 10Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
An excise tax may be imposed in
connection with transfers of anyproperty by a citizen or resident of theUnited States, or by a domestic entity(corporations, partnership, estate or
trust) to a foreign entity (corporation
partnership, estate or trust).
An excise tax may be imposed on USsource gross investment income offoreign organizations that are privatefoundations.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section4) None
All Sectors: Subsidies 1) Unbound
2) Unbound1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None3) The Federal Overseas Private
Investment Corporation (OPIC)insurance and loan guarantees are notavailable to certain aliens, foreign
enterprises, and foreign-controlled
enterprises established in the UnitedStates
Trade and Development Agencyfinancing is limited to:
I. individuals 1) who are either US
citizens or non-US citizens lawfullyadmitted for permanent residence in
the United States and 2) whose
principal places of business are inthe United States, orS/DCS/W/USA
Page 11Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
II. privately-owned commercial
corporations or partnerships thatare incorporated or legallyorganized under the laws of theUnited States and whose principal
places of business are in the
United States and (1) that are morethan 50 per cent beneficiallyowned by individuals who are UScitizens or (2) that have beenincorporated or legally organized
in the United States for more than
3 years, have performed similarservices in each of the prior 3years, and employ US citizens inmore than half of their permanentfull-time positions in the United
States and have the existing
capability in the United States toperform the contract
Unbound for measures at the federal,state or local levels that accord rightsor preferences to members of sociallyor economically disadvantaged groups
in the United States, including:
Federal Small Business Administration
- loans are restricted to US citizens orcompanies that are 100 per cent ownedby US citizens and whose directors areall US citizensS/DCS/W/USA
Page 12Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Maine - The Maine Veterans Small
Business Loan Guarantee Programprovides guarantees to eligible residentveterans for business loans from locallending institutions.  A qualifying
business is one that is independently
owned and operated in Maine, and theapplicant must be a war veteran.  TheSmall Business Loan GuaranteeProgram in Maine provides guaranteesof loans made by private lenders to
eligible residents of Maine for business
purposes.
Maryland - The Maryland SmallBusiness Development FinancingAuthority makes direct loans tosocially or economically disadvantagedbusiness persons.  Applicants must be
US citizens and have a business that is
70 per cent owned by socially oreconomically disadvantaged persons.Applicants for the Maryland SmallBusiness Surety Bond GuaranteeProgram must be US citizens and, if
entities, must have their principal
places of business in Maryland.
Minnesota - Community DevelopmentCorporations are only eligible toreceive grants if 60 per cent of their
directors are residents of the specific
geographic community in Minnesotawithin which they will operate.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 13Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Oregon - Oregon law requires that the
Economic Development Corporation(EDC) give preference in OBDF loansto businesses owned in whole or inpart by dislocated timber workers.
Pennsylvania - Minority Business
Development Authority provides
long-term low interest loans tominority-owned businesses.Applicants must be Blacks, Aleuts,Eskimos, Hispanics or AmericanIndians who are residents of
Pennsylvania.
Unbound for research and
development subsidies
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 14Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES
a) 1) Legal Services: practice
as or through a qualifiedUS lawyerFor the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: in (all states)
1) Services must be supplied by a natural person
An in-state office must be maintained for licensure
in:  District of Columbia, Indiana (or an affiliatewith an office and with other attorneys in the state),Michigan, Minnesota (or maintain individual
residency in Minnesota), Mississippi, New Jersey,
Ohio, South Dakota and Tennessee.1) In-state or US residency is required for
licensure in:  Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas,Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota(or maintain an office in Minnesota),Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey,New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Rhode
Island, South Dakota, Vermont,
Virginia, Wyoming.
2) Services must be supplied by a natural person
An in-state office must be maintained for licensure
in:  District of Columbia, Indiana (or an affiliatewith an office and with other attorneys in the state),Michigan, Minnesota (or maintain individual
residency in Minnesota), Mississippi, New Jersey,
Ohio, South Dakota and Tennessee.2) In-state or US residency is required for
licensure in:  Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas,Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota(or maintain an office in Minnesota),Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey,New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Rhode
Island, South Dakota, Vermont,
Virginia, Wyoming.
3) Services must be supplied by a natural person
Partnership in law firms is limited to persons
licenced as lawyers
US citizenship is required to practice before the US
Patent and Trademark Office3) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 15Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
4) Services must be supplied by a natural person
An in-state office must be maintained for licensure
in:  District of Columbia, Indiana (or an affiliatewith an office and with other attorneys in the state),Michigan, Minnesota (or maintain individualresidency in Minnesota), Mississippi, New Jersey,
Ohio, South Dakota and Tennessee.
US Citizenship is required to practice before the US
Patent and Trademark Office4) In-state or US residency is required for
licensure in:  Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota(or maintain an office in Minnesota),Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey,New Hampshire, Oklahoma, RhodeIsland, South Dakota, Vermont,
Virginia, Wyoming.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 16Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
a) 2) Legal Services:
consultancy on law of
jurisdiction whereservice supplier isqualified as a lawyer(such consultancyexcludes the following:
i) appearing for a person
other than himself orherself as attorney in anycourt, or before anymagistrate or otherjudicial officer, in this
state (other than upon
admission pro haec vice);
ii) preparing anyinstrument effecting thetransfer or registration of
title to real estate located
in the United States ofAmerica; iii) preparingany will or trustinstrument effecting thedisposition on death of
any property located in
the United States ofAmerica and owned by aresident thereof, or anyinstrument relating to theadministration of a
decedent's estate in theFor the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Alaska
2
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:
permitted, providedforeign legalconsultant (FLC) iscompetent.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law:
permitted providedthat FLC obtainswritten legal advicefrom an attorneylicenced in that
jurisdiction.
c) Practice of
host-country law:permitted providedthat FLC obtains
written legal advice
from an attorneylicenced to practice inthat jurisdiction.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnerships
with local lawyers
permitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
2 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as
a foreign legal consultant (FLC) in Alaska.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, an experience requir ement (5 of the 7 years
preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registration and good standing with home-c ountry bar, meeting the professional
liability insurance requirement, and agreement to be bound by th e Rules of Disciplinary Enforcemen t, Ethics Opinions adopted by  the Board of Governors of
the Alaska Bar Association, and the Code of Professional Responsibility.  Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 17Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
United States of
America;  and iv)
preparing any instrumentin respect of the maritalor parental relations,rights or duties of aresident of the United
States of America, or the
custody or care of thechildren of such aresident.) For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: California
3
1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:permitted to theextent incorporated inhome-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: notpermitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: notpermitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers:  partnershipwith local lawyerspermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
3 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly providing services is required to b e licenced as a foreign legal
consultant in California.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, an experience requirement (4 of the 6 years preceding registration must
have been spent practising law), certification of registration and good standing with home-country bar, meeting the professiona l liability insurance
requirement, and agreement to be bound by the requirements of the State Bar of California.  Professional privileges apply to al l foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 18Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply:  Connecticut4
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:permitted to theextent incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law:permitted providedFLC first obtainsadvice from an
attorney licenced in
that jurisdiction.
c) Practice of
host-country law: notpermitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipwith local attorneyspermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
4 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly providing services is required to b e licenced as a foreign legal
consultant in Connecticut.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 26 years, an experie nce requirement (5 of the 7
years preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registration, meeting the professional liab ility insurance requirement, an
overdraft notification, good standing with home-country bar, and a written commitment to observe the Connecticut Rules of Profe ssional Conduct.
Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 19Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: District of Columbia5
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Additionally, an in-state office is required.1) None
2) None
3) None4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:
permitted, provided
FLC is competent.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law:permitted, providedFLC is competent.
c) Practice of
host-country law:permitted providedFLC first obtainsadvice from anattorney licenced in
that jurisdiction and
identifies the personto the client.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnership
with local lawyers
permitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
5 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as
a foreign legal consultant in the District of Columbia.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimu m age of 26 years, an
experience requirement (5 of the 8 years preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registra tion and good standing with
home-country bar, meeting the professional liability insurance requirement, and a written commitment to be bound by the Code of  Professional
Responsibility of the American Bar Association.  Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 20Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Florida6
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:permitted to theextent incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: notpermitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: not
permitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipswith local lawyerspermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
6 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a foreign
legal consultant in Florida.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 26 years, an exper ience requirement (5 of the 7 years
preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registration and good standing with home-c ountry bar, and a sworn statement to abide by
the Rules of Professional Conduct.  Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 21Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Georgia7
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:permitted to theextent incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: notpermitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: not
permitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipwith local lawyerspermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a
                                                     
7 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in Georgia.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, an experience requirement ( 5 of the 7 years preceding
registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registration and good standing with home-country bar, and a  commitment to observe the Rules
of Professional Responsibility and Disciplinary Rules applicable to members of the State Bar of Georgia.  Professional privileg es apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 22Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Hawaii8
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:permitted, provided
FLC is competent.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law:permitted providedFLC obtains advicefrom an attorney
licenced in that
jurisdiction andidentifies that personto the client.
c) Practice of
host-country law:
permitted provided
FLC obtains advicefrom an attorneylicenced in thatjurisdiction and
identifies that person
to the client.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipwith local lawyerspermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
8 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in Hawaii.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 26 years, a n experience requirement (5 of the 7
years preceding registration must have been spent practising law), and certification of registration and good standing with hom e-country bar.  Professional
privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 23Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Illinois9
1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:
permitted to the
extent incorporated inhome-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: notpermitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: notpermitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipwith local lawyers
permitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a
                                                     
9 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in Illinois.  Licensure is subject to  meeting requirements of registration, an experience requirement (5 of the 7 years preceding registration
must have been spent practising law), meeting the professional liability insurance requirement, a written commitment to observe  the Rules of Professional
Conduct, and certification of registration and good standing with home-country bar.  Professional privileges apply to all forei gn lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 24Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Michigan10
1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) In-state residency required4) In-state residency requireda) Practice of
international law:
permitted to the
extent incorporated inhome-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: notpermitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: notpermitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipwith local lawyers
permitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
10 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a foreign
legal consultant in Michigan.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 18 years, an expe rience requirement (3 of the 5 years
preceding registration must have been spent practising law), and certification of registration and good standing with home-coun try bar.  Professional privileges apply to
all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 25Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Minnesota11
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Additionally, an in-state office is required.1) None
2) None
3) None4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:
permitted to the
extent incorporated inhome-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: not
permitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: notpermitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnership
with local lawyers
permitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
11 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in Minnesota.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 26 years , an experience requirement (5 of
the 7 years preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registration and good standing with h ome-country bar, and are subject to
the Minnesota Rules of Professional Conduct.  Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 26Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: New Jersey12
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Additionally, an in-state office is required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:
permitted to the extentincorporated inhome-country law.
b) Practice of 3rd-country
law: permitted
provided FLC obtains
advice from an attorneylicenced in thatjurisdiction andidentifies that person tothe client.
c) Practice of
host-country law:permitted providedFLC obtains advicefrom an attorney
licenced in that
jurisdiction andidentifies that person tothe client.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnership
with local lawyers
permitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
12The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in New Jersey.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, an experience requiremen t (5 of the 7 years preceding
registration must have been spent practising law), meeting the professional liability insurance requirement, certification of r egistration and good standing with
home-country bar, and shall observe the Rules of Professional Conduct of the American Bar Association.  Professional privileges  apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 27Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply:  New York13
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Additionally, an in-state office is required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:
permitted, providedFLC is competent.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law:permitted, provided
FLC is competent.
c) Practice of
host-country law:permitted to practiceNY and federal lawprovided FLC relies
on advice from a
person duly qualifiedand entitled to renderprofessional legaladvice on NY or US
law.  Permitted to
practice law of otherUS states, providedFLC is competent.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnership
with local  lawyers
permitted.
e)  Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
unrestricted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
13 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a foreign legal
consultant in New York.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 26 years, an experience  requirement (3 of the 5 years preceding
registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registration and good standing with home-country bar, meeti ng the professional liability insurance
requirement, and agreement to be bound by the New York Bar Code of Ethics.  Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyer s.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 28Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Ohio14
1) None
2) None
3) In-state office required
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Additionally, an in-state office is required.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:permitted.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law:permitted if FLCobtains advice froman attorney licencedin that jurisdiction
and identifies that
person to the client.
c) Practice of
host-country law:permitted if FLCobtains advice from
an attorney licenced
in that jurisdictionand identifies thatperson to the client.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnership
with local lawyers notpermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
14 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in Ohio.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 21 years, an experience requirement (4 of the 6
years preceding registration must have been spent practising law), certification of registration and good standing with home-co untry bar, meeting the
professional liability insurance requirement, and being subject to  the Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility and the discipl inary procedural rules set forth in
Gov. Bar R.V.  Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 29Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Oregon15
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Nonea) Practice of
international law:
permitted to the extentincorporated inhome-country law.
b) Practice of 3rd-country
law: permitted if FLC
obtains advice from an
attorney licenced inthat jurisdiction andidentifies that person tothe client.
c) Practice of
host-country law:
permitted if FLCobtains advice from anattorney licenced inthat jurisdiction and
identifies that person to
the client.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipwith local  lawyerpermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
15 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a foreign
legal consultant in Oregon.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 18 years, an experi ence requirement (5 of the 7 years
preceding registration must have been spent practising law), and certification of registration and good standing with home-coun try bar, meeting the professional liability
insurance requirement, and agreement to co mply with ORS Chapter 9, the Oregon Code of Professional Responsibility and the Orego n State Bar's Rules of Procedure.
Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 30Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Texas16
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) In-state residency required
4) In-state residency requireda) Practice of
international law:permitted to theextent incorporated in
home-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: notpermitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: not
permitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipwith local lawyerspermitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
16 The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in Texas.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, a minimum age of 26 years, an  experience requirement (5 of the 7
years preceding registration must have been spent practising law), meeting the professional liability insurance requirement, ce rtification of registration and good
standing with home-country bar, and taking an oath to abide by the State Bar Act, the State Bar Rules, and the Texas Disciplina ry Rules of Professional Conduct.
Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 31Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Washington17
1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) In-state residency required at time 
admitted
4) In-state residency required at time 
admitteda) Practice of
international law:
permitted to the
extent incorporated inhome-country law.
b) Practice of
3rd-country law: notpermitted.
c) Practice of
host-country law: notpermitted.
d) Association with local
lawyers: partnershipswith local lawyers
permitted.
e) Employment of local
lawyers: permitted.
f) Use of firm name:
permitted.
g) Other: n/a.
                                                     
17The following information is provided for transparency purposes only.  A supplier regularly provid ing services in the jurisdict ion is required to be licenced as a
foreign legal consultant in Washington.  Licensure is subject to meeting requirements of registration, an experience requiremen t (5 of the 7 years preceding
registration must have been spent practising law), and certification of registration and good standing with home-country bar, a nd agreement to be bound by the
Discipline Rules for Lawyers and the Rules of Professional Conduct.  Professional privileges apply to all foreign lawyers.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 32Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
For the following jurisdiction, the following
commitments apply: Other States
1) None2) None
3) Unbound for Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas,
Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico,North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South
Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, WestVirginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
4) Unbound for Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas,
Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico,North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma,Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South
Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West
Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 33Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
b) Accounting, Auditing
and Bookkeeping
Services1) None
2) None
3) Sole proprietorships or partnerships are limited to
persons licenced as accountants, except in Iowawhere accounting firms must incorporate
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.  In addition, an in-state office must bemaintained for licensure in:  Arkansas, Connecticut,Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota,Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio,
Vermont, and Wyoming.
US citizenship is required for licensure in North
Carolina.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) In-state residency is required for
licensure in:  Arizona, Arkansas,Connecticut, District of Columbia,Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New
Hampshire, New Mexico, NorthCarolina, North Dakota, Ohio,Oklahoma, Rhode Island, SouthCarolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia.
c) Taxation Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Architectural Services 1) None
2) None
3) Two-thirds of the officers, partners, and/or directors
of an architectural firm in Michigan must belicenced in Michigan as architects, professionalengineers and/or land surveyors.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 34Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
e) Engineering Services
f) Integrated Engineering
Services1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.  In addition, US citizenship is required for
licensure in the District of Columbia.1) None
2) None
3) None4) In-state residency is required for
licensure in:  Idaho, Iowa, Kansas,
Maine, Mississippi, Nevada, Oklahoma,South Carolina, South Dakota,Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia.
g) Urban Planning &
Landscape Services1) None
2) None
3) Two-thirds of the officers, partners, and/or directors
of an architectural firm in Michigan must belicenced in Michigan as architects, professionalengineers and/or land surveyors
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. COMPUTER AND
RELATED SERVICES(MTN.GNS/W/120a) - e), except airlinecomputer reservation
systems)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 35Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
D. REAL ESTATE
SERVICES1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.  In addition, US citizenship is required forlicensure as a real estate broker in:  Mississippi andNew York.1) Corporations that own real estate in
Florida must maintain an office and
registered agent in Florida
2) None3) None
4) In-state residency or US citizenship is
required for licensure as a real estatebroker in South Dakota
E. RENTAL/LEASING
SERVICES WITHOUTOPERATORS:
c) Relating to Other 
transport Equipment
d) Relating to Other 
Machinery and Equipment
e) Other (except Harbour 
Dredges)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
F. OTHER BUSINESS 
SERVICES
a) Advertising (except 
aerial advertising and skywriting)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 36Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
b) Market Research and
Public Opinion Polling1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
c) Management
Consulting1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
d) Services Related to
ManagementConsulting1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
f) Services Incidental to
Agriculture, Huntingand Forestry (exceptprovision of agricultural
machinery with drivers
and crew, harvestingand related services,services of farm labourcontractors, and aerial
fire fighting)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 37Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
g) Services Incidental to 
Fishing1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
h) Services Incidental to 
Mining1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
j) Services Incidental to 
Energy Distribution1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 38Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
k) Placement and Supply 
Services of Personnel1) None
2) None
3) US citizenship is required for ownership of 
employment agencies in Arkansas.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.  In addition, US citizenship is required forlicensure as an employment agent, employmentagency counsellor and employment agencymanager in Arkansas.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
l) Investigation and 
Security Services1) None
2) None
3) Permanent resident alien status or US citizenship is
required to own contract security companies inMaine
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.  In addition, permanent resident alien statusor US citizenship is required for privateinvestigators and security guards in:  Maine andNew York.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) In-state residency is required for private
detectives in Michigan
m) Related Scientific &
Technical Consulting
(except land surveyingfor the purpose ofestablishing legalboundaries, aerialsurveying and aerial
map-making)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
18
2) None18
3) None18
4) None
                                                     
18 For those functions where an engineering degree is required, the US limitations on engineering also apply.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 39Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
n) Maintenance & Repair of
Equipment (except
maritime vessels,aircraft, and othertransport equipment)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
o) Building-Cleaning 
Services1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None4) None
p) Photographic Services 
(except aerial photographic services)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
q) Packaging Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 40Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
r) Publishing (Only part
of MTN.GNS/W/120
category:  "r) Printing,Publishing")1) None
2) None
3) A single company or firm is not permitted to own
a combination of newspaper, radio and/or TVbroadcast stations serving the same local market
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
s) Convention Services 1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) Unbound with respect to tax deductions3) None
4) None
2. COMMUNICATION 
SERVICES
B. LAND-BASED 
COURIER SERVICES
(except courier services
involving any prior orsubsequent movement by
air)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 41Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
C. TELECOMMUNICA-
TIONS
Enhanced
TelecommunicationsServices, as defined by
the US Federal
CommunicationsCommission in Section64.702 of theCommission's Rules andRegulations:  services,
offered over common
carrier transmissionfacilities (i.e., publictelecommunicationstransport services) whichemploy computer
processing applications
that:1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
i) act on the format,
content code, protocol orsimilar aspects of thesubscriber's transmittedinformation; or
ii) provide the subscriber
additional, different, or
restructured information;
or
iii) involve subscriber
interaction with storedinformation.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 42Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Includes the following:
h) Electronic Mail
i) Voice Mailj) On-line Information and
Data Base Retrieval
k) Electronic Data
Interchange
l) Enhanced/Value-added
Facsimile Services(including store andforward, store andretrieve)
m) Code and Protocol
Conversion
n) On-line Information
and/or Data Processing(including transaction
processing)
o) OtherS/DCS/W/USA
Page 43Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
2.C. TELECOMMUNICA-
TIONS SERVICES*:
2.C.a. Voice services
2.C.b. Packet-switched data
transmission services
2.C.c. Circuit-switched data
transmission services
2.C.d. Telex services
2.C.e. Telegraph services
2.C.f. Facsimile services2.C.g. Private leased circuit
services
2.C.o.  Other
Mobile Services
Analogue/Digital cellularservices
PCS (Personal 
Communications services)Paging servicesMobile data services
*Excluding one-way
satellite transmissions ofDTH and DBS televisionservices and of digitalaudio services(1) None
(2) None
(3) None, other than
- Comsat has exclusive rights to links with
Intelsat and Inmarsat.
- Ownership of a common carrier radio license:
Indirect: None
Direct: May not be granted to or held by(a) foreign government or the representative
thereof
(b) non-U.S. citizen or the representative of any
non-U.S. citizen
(c) any corporation not organized under the laws
of the United States or
(d) U.S. corporation of which more than 20% of
the capital stock is owned or voted by aforeign government or its representative,non-U.S. citizens or their representatives or acorporation not organized under the laws ofthe United States
(4) Unbound except as indicated by horizontal
commitments(1) None
(2) None
(3) None
(4) Unbound except as indicated by 
horizontal  commitments.The United States undertakes
the obligations contained inthe reference paper attachedhereto.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 44Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
D. AUDIOVISUAL
SERVICES
a) Motion Picture & Video 
Tape Production & Distribution Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) Grants from the National Endowment for
the Arts are only available for:individuals with US citizenship orpermanent resident alien status, and
non-profit companies.
2) None3) Grants from the National Endowment for
the Arts are only available for:
individuals with US citizenship or
permanent resident alien status, andnon-profit companies.
4) None
b) Motion Picture 
Projection Service1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
c) Radio & Television 
Services1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 45Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
d) Radio and Television
Transmission Services1) None
2) None
3) A single company or firm is prohibited from
owning a combination of newspapers, radio and/orTV broadcast stations serving the same local
market.1) None
2) None
3) None
Radio and television licences may not be held by: a
foreign government; a corporation chartered under
the law of a foreign country or which has a non-US
citizen as an officer or director or more than 20 percent of the capital stock of which is owned or votedby non-US citizens; a corporation chartered underthe laws of the United States that is directly orindirectly controlled by a corporation more than 25
per cent of whose capital stock is owned by non-US
citizens or a foreign government or a corporation ofwhich any officer or more than 25 per cent of thedirectors are non-US citizens.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.  In addition, US citizenship is required toobtain radio and television licences.4) None
e) Sound Recording 1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 46Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
f) Other Audiovisual
Services1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
3. CONSTRUCTION &
RELATED
ENGINEERING
SERVICES - (exceptMarine Dredging)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.   In addition, an in-state office must be
maintained by all contractors in Michigan.1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None4) None
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES
A. COMMISSION
AGENTS' SERVICES1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 47Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
B. WHOLESALE TRADE
(except wholesale trade
of alcoholic beverages,firearms and militaryequipment)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
B. WHOLESALE TRADE
of alcoholic beverages1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Unbound4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
C. RETAILING (except
retail sale of alcoholicbeverages, firearms andmilitary equipment)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
D. FRANCHISING 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 48Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
5. EDUCATIONAL
SERVICES
D. Adult Education (except
flying instruction) 1) None
2) None
3) The number of licences for cosmetology schools in
Kentucky is limited to 48 total licences, with a totalof  8 licences allowed for operation of such schoolsper congressional district
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1), 2), 3), 4) Scholarships and grants
may be limited to US citizens and/or
residents of particular states and may, in
some cases, only be used at certain statesinstitutions or within certain USjurisdictions.
E. Other Education
Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1), 2), 3), 4) Scholarships and grants
may be limited to US citizens and/orresidents of particular states and may, in
some cases, only be used at certain states
institutions or within certain USjurisdictions.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 49Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES19,20
A. Sewage Services
(contracted by privateindustry)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. Refuse Disposal
Services (contracted by
private industry)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
C. Sanitation and Similar
Services1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
                                                     
19In each of the following subsectors, US commitments are limited to the following activities:  implementation and installation o f new or existing systems for environmental
cleanup, remediation, prevention and monitoring;  implementation of environmental quality control and pollution reduction servi ces;  maintenance and repair of
environment-related systems and facilities not already covered by the US commitments on maintenance and repair of equipment;  o n-site environmental investigation,
evaluation, monitoring;  sample collection services;  training on  site or at the facility;  consulting related to these areas.
20Nothing in this offer related to transportation should be cons trued to supersede the existing US commitments on transportation or related MFN exemptions.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 50Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
D. Other (Cleaning services
of exhaust gases; Noise
abatement services;Nature and landscapeprotection services;Other environmental
services, n.e.c.)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
A. INSURANCE:
1. Commitments in this subsector are undertaken in accordance with the Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services (the " Understanding"), subject to
the limitations and conditions set forth in these headnotes and the schedule below.
2. The market access commitments in this subsector in respect of m ode (1), as described in paragraph 2(a) of Article I of the Ag reement, are limited to the
services indicated in paragraphs B.3(a) and B.3(b) of the ma rket access section of the Understanding.  The market access commit ments in this subsector in
respect of mode (2), as described in paragraph 2(b) of Article I of the Agreement, are limited to the services indicated in par agraphs B.4(a) and B.4(b) of the
market access section of the Understanding.  It is understood that  paragraph B.4 of the Understanding does not require that non -resident financial service
suppliers be permitted to solicit business, and no commitment to such solicitation is undertaken.
3. National treatment commitments in this subsector are subject to the following limitation: national treatment with respect to services and service suppliers will
be provided according to a non-U.S. service supplier's state of domicile, where applicable, in the United States.  State of dom icile is defined by individual
states, and is generally the state in which an insurer either is  incorporated, is organized  or  maintains its principal office in the United States.
4. Commitments in this sector do not cover measures set out in the entry applicable to "Insurance" in the United States list of exemptions from Article II.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 51Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Direct Insurance
a) Life, Accident, and
Health InsuranceServices (except
workers compensation
insurance)
b) Non-Life Insurance
Services1) Government-owned or government- controlled
insurance companies, whether US or foreign, arenot authorized to conduct business in:  Alabama,Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado,Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho,
Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana,
Nevada, New Jersey (only with respect to surpluslines), New York (non-life companies areauthorized; life and health companies are not),North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South
Dakota, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia,Wyoming.1) A one per cent federal excise tax is
imposed on all life insurance premiumsand a four per cent federal excise tax isimposed on all non-life insurancepremiums covering US risks that are
paid to companies not incorporated
under US law, except for premiumsthat are earned by such companiesthrough an office or dependent agent inthe United States.
When more than 50 per cent of the
value of a maritime vessel whose hullwas built under federally guaranteedmortgage funds is insured by a non-USinsurer, the insured must demonstrate
that the risk was substantially first
offered in the US market.The United States undertakes
the obligations contained inAdditional CommitmentsPaper I attached hereto.
2) None
3) Government-owned or government controlled
insurance companies, whether US or foreign, arenot authorized to conduct business in:  Alabama,
Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado,
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho,Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana,Nevada, New Jersey (only with respect to surpluslines), New York (non-life companies areauthorized; life and health companies are not
authorized), North Carolina, North Dakota,
Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,South Dakota, Tennessee, Washington, WestVirginia, Wyoming.2) None
3) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 52Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Branches are not permitted to provide surety bonds
for US federal government contracts.
The following states have no mechanism for
licensing initial entry of a non-US insurance
company as a subsidiary, unless that company is
already licensed in some ot her US state: Minnesota,
Mississippi, and Tennessee.
The following states have no mechanism for
licensing initial entry of a non-US insurance
company as a branch, unless that company is
already licensed in some other US state:   Arkansas,Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas,Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, NorthCarolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont,Wyoming, West Virginia.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 53Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
US citizenship is required for members of the board
of directors of locally established and licensedcompanies in the following states and in thefollowing shares or numbers: 100 per cent requiredin Louisiana; three-quarters in Washington (mutual
life companies with the majority of the board being
resident in the state); two-thirds required inOklahoma (for stock and mutual companies) andPennsylvania; a majority required in California (formutual insurers operating as authorized insurersonly in the state of California), Florida (for stock
and mutual insurers), Georgia (for stock and mutual
insurers with one fourth resident in the state), Idaho(for stock and mutual insurers), Indiana, Kentucky,Mississippi, Ohio (for legal reserve life insurers),Oregon, New York, South Dakota (except if morethan 1000 persons are entitled to vote for the board
of directors and a majority of the voters reside
outside the state, or less than one per cent of theshares are owned by state residents), Wyoming (foran insurer operating as an authorized insurer only inWyoming); seven in Tennessee (for mutual life
insurance companies; three resident in Illinois (for
stock, mutual, or legal reserve insurers) andMissouri (life and accident).S/DCS/W/USA
Page 54Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
US citizenship for incorporators of insurance
companies is required in the following states and inthe following percentages or numbers:  100 per centin Hawaii, Idaho (for stock or mutual insurer),Indiana, South Dakota and Washington; two-thirds
in Arizona (for stock and mutual insurers),
two-thirds resident in Georgia (for stock and mutualinsurers); a majority in Alaska, Florida (for stockand mutual insurers), Arkansas (majority formutuals or stock), Kansas (all life insurancecompanies and mutual insurers other than life),
Kentucky (for mutual or stock insurers); Maine
(life, health, and accident and mutual aid assoc withstate residency for mutuals), Missouri (minimum 13with overall majority resident in the state),Montana (stock or mutual insurers), Texas (life,health, accident and mutual aid assoc with state
residency for mutuals), Wyoming (for reserve stock
and mutual insurers).
State residency is required in the following statesfor the organizing members of the following typesof mutual insurance companies: Arkansas (mutualsand farm mutual insurers), California (county
mutual fire insurer); Idaho (all mutuals); Kansas (all
mutuals); North Dakota (all mutuals), Minnesota(township mutuals, farmers mutual fire insurancecompanies); Mississippi (all mutuals); Montana(farm mutual insurer); Vermont (fire cooperatives);
Wyoming (farm mutual insurer).S/DCS/W/USA
Page 55Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Seven or more US citizens, a majority of whom are
residents of the state, may organize a fraternalbenefit society in the following states: Alaska,Arizona (requires 10 or more US citizens, amajority of whom are citizens of the state),
Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii,
Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota,Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, NewJersey, North Dakota,  Oklahoma (requires 10 ormore US citizens, a majority of whom are residents
of the state), Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota,
Virginia, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia andWyoming.
Twenty-five or more persons domiciled in the statemay organize a domestic reciprocal insurer in:Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Georgia,Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland,
Mississippi, Montana, Pennsylvania, South Dakota,
Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington andWyoming.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal sectionS/DCS/W/USA
Page 56Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
c) Reinsurance and
retrocession1) Government-owned or government- controlled
insurance companies, whether US or foreign, arenot authorized to conduct business in:  Alabama,Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut,Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nevada,
New York (non-life companies are authorized; lifeand health companies are not), North Carolina,North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania,Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee,Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming.1) A one per cent federal excise tax is
imposed on all premiums covering USrisks that are paid to companies notincorporated under US law, except forpremiums that are earned by such
companies through an office or
dependent agent in the United States.
In Texas, total direct reinsurance of
mutual life insurance companies maynot be entered into with non-US
companies.
Insurance companies incorporated in Nevada may
purchase reinsurance only from an insureradmitted to Nevada.  All insurers writing workers'compensation insurance in Minnesota mustpurchase reinsurance from the MinnesotaWorkers' Compensation Reinsurance Authority.
Unbound for Maine for the provision of
reinsurance for workers' compensation.
2) Insurance companies incorporated in Nevada may
purchase reinsurance only from an insureradmitted to Nevada. All insurers writing workers'compensation insurance in Minnesota must
purchase reinsurance from the Minnesota
Workers' Compensation Reinsurance Authority.Unbound for Maine for the provision ofreinsurance for workers' compensation.2) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 57Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
3) Government-owned or government- controlled
insurance companies, whether US or foreign, arenot authorized to conduct business in:  Alabama,Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut,Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nevada,
New York (non-life companies are authorized; lifeand health companies are not), North Carolina,North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania,Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee,Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming.
The following states have no mechanism for
licensing initial entry of a non-US insurancecompany as a subsidiary, unless that company isalready licensed in some other US state:Maryland,  Minnesota, Mississippi, and
Tennessee.  After a license is obtained in some
other US state, licensing and entry into the stateslisted above is permitted.3) None
The following states have no mechanism for
licensing initial entry of a non-US insurancecompany as a branch, unless that company is
already licensed in some other US state:
Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Kansas,Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey,North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah,Vermont, Wyoming, West Virginia.  After a
license is obtained in some other US state,
licensing and entry into the states listed above ispermitted.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 58Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
d) Services Auxiliary to
Insurance:
(applicable to sub-sectors
i), ii) and iii) below)1), 3)  Nonresident licenses are not issued to
individuals not licensed in another US state inArkansas (agents, brokers, adjusters, consultants),Connecticut (producers/adjusters/appraisers/consultants/ brokers/reinsurance intermediary),
Colorado (producer, adjuster and reinsurance
intermediary), California (agents/brokers),Delaware (broker/agent/reinsurance intermediary),Georgia (counsellor/adjuster), Florida(agent/broker), Hawaii, Illinois (producers/adjusters/reinsurance intermediaries), Indiana
(agent/broker), Kansas (agent/ broker), Kentucky
(agent/broker), Louisiana (agent/broker), Maine(agent/ broker), Maryland (agent/broker/reinsurance agent/reinsurance broker), Mississippi(agent/broker), Missouri (brokers),  Montana(producer's license/agent/broker), Nevada (solicitor/
adjuster/property bondsman/bail solicitor), New
Jersey (producer's agent/broker), New Mexico(bailbondsmen/solicitors/broker agent), NorthDakota (agents/brokers)Nebraska (producer's license/agent/ broker), New
York (reinsurance intermediary), North Carolina
(reinsurance intermediary), Oregon(agent/adjuster/consultant/reinsurance intermediary), Pennsylvania(adjuster/solicitor), South Dakota (agent), Virginia(agents/brokers/consultants), West Virginia
(broker/reinsurance intermediary) and Texas
(agent/broker), Washington (agent/broker).S/DCS/W/USA
Page 59Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
i) Brokerage Services211), 3)  Brokerage licenses are not issued to non-residents
in: South Dakota, Wyoming.
Brokerage licenses are issued to non-residents for
only certain lines of insurance in:  Alabama (all
except life, accident & health), Arkansas
(property, casualty, surety & marine), California,Louisiana (property & casualty), New Mexico(property & casualty).
All states require in-state residency for surplus
lines brokers.
2) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.1), 3)  Higher license fees for non-residents
may be charged in:  Alaska, Arizona,Arkansas, California, Colorado, Georgia,Indiana, Louisiana, Maine,Massachusetts, Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico,
North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio,Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,South Carolina, Utah, Vermont.
2) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.
ii) Agency Services 1), 3)  Agency licenses are issued to non-residents for all
or only certain lines of insurance in: California,Florida (general lines, life & health), Kansas,Kentucky (general lines, life & health), Louisiana(life & health), New Mexico (life & health), Ohio(life & casualty), Oregon, Rhode Island (all
except general lines), Texas.
All states require in-state residency for surplus
lines agents.
2) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section.1), 3)  Higher license fees for non-residents
may be charged in:  Alaska, Arkansas,California, Colorado, Florida, Indiana,Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana,Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi,Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,Rhode Island, South Carolina, SouthDakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont,Wisconsin, Wyoming.
2) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.
                                                     
21 For transparency purposes, it should be noted that brokerage firms can generally offer services in most states by obtaining li censes as "brokers" and in other states by obtaining licenses
to operate as "agents".  Brokerage licenses are not issued in Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oregon , Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 60Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
iii) Consultancy, Actuarial,
Risk Assessment, andClaim SettlementServices1), 3)  Licenses are not issued to
nonresidents in: Alabama (adjuster, solicitor,service representative), California (adjuster,insurance analyst, motor club agents,  bailbondsman), Florida (customer representative),
Georgia (counsellor, adjuster), Hawaii (adjuster,
solicitor), Idaho (solicitor), Indiana (bailbondsmen), Kentucky (adjuster), Maryland(adjuster), Michigan (adjuster), Montana (adjuster),Nevada (solicitor, adjuster, property bondsman),New Mexico (solicitor), North Carolina (limited
representatives, adjusters, motor vehicle damage
appraisers, professional bondsmen, runners),Oklahoma (bail license), Oregon, Pennsylvania(motor vehicle damage appraiser), Washington(solicitor, adjuster), West Virginia (adjuster,solicitor), and Wyoming (adjuster, solicitor).1), 3)None
In-state residency is required for licensure in:
California (for adjusters; and for life and disability
insurance analysts), Georgia (for inspection whennot accompanied by a licensed resident adjuster),Illinois (for non-resident public adjusters who arelicensed in a state which does not permit equaltreatment to Illinois residents), Maryland,
Mississippi (for independent adjusters), and Nevada
(for appraisers and adjusters).S/DCS/W/USA
Page 61Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
US citizenship is required for licensure in:
Alabama (for agents, brokers, solicitors, managinggeneral agents and service representatives), Idaho(for agents, brokers, solicitors and surplus linesbrokers), Missouri (for brokers), Nebraska (for
brokers), New Mexico (for solicitors and
bailbondsmen), Ohio (for surplus lines brokers) andOklahoma (for bail license).
2) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.2) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 62Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
B. FINANCIAL SERVICES (LIMITED TO BANKING AND OTHE R FINANCIAL SERVICES AND EXCLUDING INSURANCE):   
1. Commitments in these subsectors are undertaken in accordance with the Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services (the  "Understanding"), subject
to the limitations and conditions set forth in these headnotes and the schedule below.
2. The market access commitments in these subsectors in respect of modes (1) and (2), as described in paragraphs 2(a) and (b) of  Article I of the Agreement, are
limited to the services indicated in paragraphs B.3(c) and B.4( c) of the market access section of the Understanding, respective ly.  It is understood that paragraph
B.4 of the Understanding does not require that non-resident financial service suppliers be permitted to solicit business, and n o commitment to such solicitation
is undertaken.
3. National treatment commitments in these subsectors are subject to the following limitation:  National treatment will be provi ded based upon the foreign bank's
"home state" in the United States, as that term is defined under the International Banking Act, where that Act is applicable.   A domestic bank subsidiary of a
foreign firm will have its own "home state" and national treatment will be provided based upon the subsidiary's home state, as determined under applicable
law.22
4. Service suppliers choosing to supply a service through a juridical  person constituted under the laws of the United States are  subject to non-discriminatory
limitations on juridical form.23
5. The offer of new financial services or products is subject, on a non-discriminatory basis, to relevant institutional and juri dical form requirements.
                                                     
22Foreign banking organizations are generally subject to geographic and other limitations in the United States on a national trea tment basis.  Where such limitations do not conform to
national treatment, they have been reserved as market access re strictions.  For purposes of illustration, under this approach, the following situation does not accord national treatment
and would therefore be scheduled as a limitation:  a foreign bank from a particular home state is accorded less favourable trea tment than that accorded to a domestic bank from that state
with respect to expansion by branching.
23 For example, partnerships and sole proprietorships are generally not acceptable juridical forms for depository financial insti tutions in the United States.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 63Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
All Subsectors, except as
specifically provided below1),2),3)  Michigan limits, according to the country of
their home charters, the banks in which corporatecredit unions may place deposits.1) None
2) NoneThe United States undertakes
the obligations contained inAdditional CommitmentsPaper II attached hereto.
3) All directors of a national bank must be U.S.
citizens unless a national bank is an affiliate orsubsidiary of a foreign bank, in which case only a
majority of the board need be U.S. citizens.
Foreign ownership of Edge corporations is limited
to foreign banks and US subsidiaries of foreignbanks, while domestic non-bank firms may ownsuch corporations.
Federal and state law do not permit a credit union,
savings bank, home loan or thrift business in theUnited States to be provided through branches ofcorporations organized under a foreign country's
law.
In order to accept or maintain domestic retail
deposits of less than $100,000, a foreign bank mustestablish an insured banking subsidiary.  Thisrequirement does not apply to a foreign bank
branch that was engaged in insured deposit-taking
activities on December 19, 1991.3) Foreign banks are required to register
under the Investment Advisers Act of1940 to engage in securities advisory and
investment management services in the
United States, while domestic banks areexempt from registration.  Theregistration requirement involves recordmaintenance, inspections, submission ofreports and payment of a fee.
Foreign banks cannot be members of the
Federal Reserve System, and thus maynot vote for directors of a FederalReserve Bank.  Foreign-owned bank
subsidiaries are not subject to this
measure.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 64Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Unbound with respect to paragraph 2(e) of Article
XVI of the Agreement, and paragraphs A, B.5 andB.6 of the Understanding in relation to theexpansion, via the establishment of a branch or theacquisition of one or more branches of a bank
without acquisition of the entire bank, by a foreign
bank into another state from its "home state" as thatterm is defined under applicable law. Except asspecifically set forth elsewhere in this schedule,such expansion shall be provided on a nationaltreatment basis in accordance with headnote 3.
Interstate expansion by a foreign bank through theestablishment of branches by merger with a bank
located outside the "home state" as that term is
defined under applicable law, of a foreign bank isprohibited where Montana or Texas is the homestate of the foreign bank or is the state where thebank is located that is to be merged into the foreign
bank, resulting in the establishment of branches.
Except as specifically set forth elsewhere in thisschedule, such expansion shall be provided on anational treatment basis in accordance withheadnote 3.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 65Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Unbound for initial entry by establishment or
acquisition of state-chartered banks orstate-licensed offices of foreign banks as indicatedin the following forms: California (branch; alsosavings and loan association); Connecticut (bank or
holding company; also credit union); Georgia
(agency); Illinois (branch); Kentucky (subsidiary);Louisiana (agency); Massachusetts (subsidiary orbranch); Michigan (agency); North Carolina(subsidiary, branch, agency, or representativeoffice); Pennsylvania (any deposit-taking or
representative bank office);  Washington (branch,
agency, or representative office).  The limitations inthis paragraph do not apply to initial establishmentor acquisition of a national bank subsidiary by aforeign person or establishment of a federal branchor agency by a foreign bank that does not already
have a banking presence in the United States, or
generally to interstate expansion.  Such limitationsmay apply to interstate expansion throughstate-licensed limited branches, agencies, orrepresentative offices.
24
                                                     
24 The limitations in this paragraph reflect state reciprocity measures.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 66Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
The following states are unbound for the specified
activities: Indiana (establishment of service officesby foreign-owned credit unions); Iowa (activities offoreign-owned savings and loan associations;foreign-owned bank or trust company acting as
fiduciary; use of satellite banking terminals).
25
Initial entry or expansion by a foreign person (butnot a domestic person) through acquisition or
establishment of a state-chartered commercial banksubsidiary is prohibited or otherwise limited in thefollowing states:  Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas;California (limit on foreign non-bank ownership ofinternational banking corporation); Colorado;
Delaware; Indiana; Kansas; Louisiana; Maryland;
Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Montana;Nebraska; Nevada; North Carolina; North Dakota;Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; South Carolina;Tennessee; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West
Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming.  The limitations in
this paragraph do not apply to establishment oracquisition of a national bank subsidiary by aforeign person that does not already have a bankingpresence in the United States.
The following states limit initial entry or expansionby a foreign person through acquisition orestablishment of the following entities:  Delaware(savings and loan associations; savings banks);Ohio (savings and loan associations; savings banks;
credit unions); Tennessee (savings and loan
associations; savings banks; credit unions; trustcompanies); Washington (savings and loanassociations; savings banks; credit unions; trustcompanies).
                                                     
25 The limitations in this paragraph reflect state reciprocity measures.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 67Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
The boards of directors of depository financial
institutions organized under the following states'laws are subject to U.S. citizenship requirements ofup to the specified proportions:  Alabama (all);Colorado (3/4); District of Columbia (all); Florida
(majority); Georgia (all); Indiana (3/4); Iowa
(majority); Kentucky (all); Louisiana (majority);Massachusetts (majority); Mississippi (all);Missouri (all); New Hampshire (majority);  NewJersey (all); New Mexico (3/4); New York (all;applies also to trustees of mutual savings bank or
savings and loan associations, and to  committees
of credit unions); North Carolina (3/4); NorthDakota (majority); Pennsylvania (all, but may bewaived); South Dakota (3/4); Tennessee (all);Vermont (2/3); West Virginia (majority);
Wisconsin (2/3).Texas allows pre-judgment seizure remedies
and civil discovery requests to be appliedagainst foreign bank agencies, whilesubsidiaries are exempt.
The following states require direct branches or
agencies of foreign banks to register undersecurities broker-dealer or investment advisermeasures, while bank subsidiaries of foreignbanks are exempt from such registration to thesame extent as domestic banks incorporated in
the state:  Alabama; Arizona; Arkansas;
California; Connecticut; Delaware; District ofColumbia; Georgia; Idaho; Iowa; Kansas;Louisiana;  Maryland; Mississippi; Missouri;Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; NewMexico; New York; North Carolina; Ohio;
Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; South Dakota;
Tennessee; Texas; Vermont; Washington.These limitations do not apply to Federallylicensed branches or agencies.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 68Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
U.S. citizenship is also required for the
incorporators or organizers of depository financialinstitutions organized under state law.   Residencewithin a state may also be required for directors,incorporators, organizers, or executive committee
members of depository financial institutions
organized under state law.
U.S. citizenship is required to engage in specified
activities in the following states:  Arizona(collection agency); Indiana (collection agency);
Illinois (safe deposits); Nevada (collection agency).
Establishment of a  branch or agency by a foreign
bank is limited as specified in the following states:
• State branch license subject to certain
limitations -- California (no trust/fiduciarypowers); Hawaii (no trust/fiduciary powers);Massachusetts; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Utah(no trust/fiduciary powers); Washington(limited trust/fiduciary powers and restricted
to one office per bank).  These limitations do
not apply to Federal branches.The following states require direct
branches or agencies of foreign banks,but not bank subsidiaries of foreignbanks, to register or obtain licenses inorder to engage in the following
activities:  Arkansas (selling checks;
mortgage transactions); California(selling payment instruments); Delaware(sale or cashing of checks, drafts, moneyorders; motor vehicle financing;transportation of money/valuables);
Georgia (mortgage lending/brokerage,
check selling/cashing); Indiana (moneytransmission; loan brokerage); Kansas(money transmission); Maryland (sellingpayment instruments, traveller's checks);Massachusetts (check selling/cashing;
foreign transmittal agencies; motor
vehicle financing; insurance premiumfinancing; retail instalmentsales/servicing; residential real estatemortgage financing -- license
requirement applies only to agencies);
North Carolina (selling checks);Oklahoma (selling checks); Pennsylvania(mortgage banking/brokerage);Tennessee (money transmission;residential lending/brokerage; industrial
loan and thrift activities); Texas
(currency exchange or transmission --does not apply to Texas agencies; sellingchecks); Virginia (mortgagelending/brokerage; money transmission;sale of money orders; check cashing);
Wisconsin (selling checks).S/DCS/W/USA
Page 69Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
• State branch license not available, but state
agency license is available in Idaho and WestVirginia.
• No state branch or agency license available --
Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Indiana; Iowa;
Minnesota; Montana; Nebraska; New Mexico;North Dakota;  Oklahoma; Rhode Island; SouthCarolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Vermont;Virginia; Wisconsin.  These limitations do notapply to Federal offices.
• Branch license not available but agency
license is, subject to any specified limitations-- Delaware (state license limited to one officeper bank and cannot operate in a mannerlikely to result in a substantial detriment toexisting bank; no fiduciary powers); Florida
(available only to a foreign bank with at least
$25 million in capital or that is one of fivelargest banks in its home country);  Georgia(available only to foreign bank with at least$50 million in excess of  liabilities; no
fiduciary and limited other powers); Louisiana
(limited to parishes with more than 350,000residents); Mississippi; Missouri (no fiduciarypowers); Oklahoma (foreign bank must haveat least $25 million in capital or, inter alia
, be
one of five largest banks in its home country;
special asset maintenance/capital equivalency
rules apply, as do other restrictions); Texas(one office only, limited to metropolitan areaswith at least 500,000 residents; limitedfiduciary powers).  Certain restrictions on
fiduciary powers apply to federal agencies.The following states restrict various
commodities transactions by foreignbank branches and agencies, but not byother depository financial institutions:Arizona; California; Idaho; Indiana;Iowa; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska;
New Hampshire; Washington.
Offers and sales of securities to foreign
bank branches and agencies in thefollowing states are subject to
registration/disclosure requirements that
do not apply if the transaction involvesother financial institutions:  Illinois;Indiana; Louisiana; Montana; Nebraska;New Jersey; North Dakota; Tennessee;Texas (applies to branches and agencies
of all foreign financial institutions).S/DCS/W/USA
Page 70Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
• No branch or state agency license available --
Wyoming.
• No branch or agency license available --
Alabama; Kansas; Maryland; North Dakota.
Representative offices of foreign banks are not
permitted in the following states, or are limited asspecified:  Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Kansas;Kentucky; Michigan; Mississippi; Montana; NorthDakota; Oklahoma (foreign bank must have at least
$10 million in capital or, inter alia , be one of the
five largest banks in its home country; special assetmaintenance/capital equivalency requirements mayapply); Oregon; Rhode Island; South Carolina;South Dakota; Tennessee; Vermont; Virginia;
Wisconsin; Wyoming.  Other states require
incorporation of representative offices.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.
Trading of Securities andDerivative Products and
Services Related Thereto;
Participation in SecuritiesIssues1), 2), 3)  Federal law prohibits the offer or sale of futures
contracts on onions, options contracts on onions,
and options on futures contracts on onions in the
United States, and services related thereto.
Unbound for the authority to act as a sole trustee of
an indenture for a bond offering in the United
States.
Unbound with respect to the use of simplified
registration and periodic reporting forms forsecurities issued by small business corporations.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.1), 2), 3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 71Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
Participation in Issues of
Government Debt Securities1), 2)  None
3) Unbound for the granting or continuation of
Federal Reserve designation as a primary dealer inUS government debt.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.1), 2), 3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.
8. HEALTH RELATED &
SOCIAL SERVICES
A. HOSPITAL AND
OTHER HEALTHCARE FACILITIES -Direct ownership and
management and
operation by contract ofsuch facilities on a "forfee" basis1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Establishment of hospitals or other health care
facilities, procurement of specific types of medicalequipment, or provision of specific types of medicalprocedures may be subject to needs-basedquantitative limits.1) Unbound*
2) Federal or state government
reimbursement of medical expenses islimited to licensed, certified facilities inthe United States or in a specific USstate
3) None
In New York, corporate ownership of an operating
corporation for, and limited partnerships as operatorsof, hospitals, nursing homes (including long termhealth care centres) or diagnostic and treatment
centres is prohibited.  If the operator has any
members which are not natural persons or is acorporation whose shares of stock are owned byanother corporation, a New York corporation must beestablished as the operator of a licenced home careservices agency and a certified home health agency.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 72Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
In Michigan and New York Health Maintenance
Organizations must be incorporated in those states.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section4) None
9. TOURISM AND
TRAVEL RELATED
SERVICES
A. HOTELS AND
RESTAURANTS(INCLUDINGCATERING)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
B. TRAVEL AGENCIES
AND TOUROPERATORS1) None
2) None
3) Official tourism offices with diplomatic or official
status are not permitted to operate on a commercialbasis in the United States or to act as agents orprincipals in commercial transactions
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 73Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
C. TOUR GUIDE
SERVICES1) None
2) None
3) The number of concessions available for commercial
operations in federal, state and local facilities islimited
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. OTHER 1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL, &SPORTING SERVICES
A. ENTERTAINMENT
SERVICES
(INCLUDING
THEATER, LIVEBANDS AND CIRCUSSERVICES)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 74Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
B. NEWS AGENCY
SERVICES1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
C. LIBRARIES,
ARCHIVES,
MUSEUMS AND
OTHER CULTURALSERVICES1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 75Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
D. OTHER
RECREATIONAL
SERVICES (exceptsporting)1) None
2) None
3) The number of concessions available for commercial
operations in federal, state and local facilities islimited
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
11. TRANSPORT
SERVICES
C. AIR TRANSPORT
SERVICES:  Aircraftrepair and maintenance.
(Aircraft repair and
maintenance activities,when undertaken on anaircraft or a part thereof,while it is withdrawnfrom service.  Does not
include line maintenance
or other repair ormaintenance activitiesundertaken by an aircarrier (includes itsagents or contractors) on
aircraft it owns, leases,
or operates.)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 76Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
E. RAIL TRANSPORT
a) Passenger
Transportation,excluding high speed rail
b) Freight Transportation1) None
2) None
3) Foreign railroads must incorporate in Vermont or in
an adjacent state in order to own directly or indirectlythe stock of a railroad company incorporated inVermont
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Maintenance and Repair
of Rail TransportEquipment1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
F. ROAD TRANSPORT
a) Passenger transport:
Interurban regulartransport1) Unbound until January 1, 1997.  No limitations
after that date.
2) None
3) Unbound until January 1, 2001.  No limitations
after that date.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) Unbound until January 1, 1997.  No
limitations after that date.
2) None
3) Unbound until January 1, 2001.  No
limitations after that date.
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 77Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or subsector Limitations on market access Limit ations on national treatm ent Additional commitments
b) Freight transport
(Commitment limited to
transportation of cargothat has either an originor a destination outsidethe United States)1) Unbound until December 17, 1995.  After
December 17, 1995, unbound except to or from
California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texasthrough different ports of entry.  No limitationsafter January 1, 2000.
2) None
3) Unbound until December 17, 1995.  After
December 17, 1995, no limitations
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Maintenance and Repair
of Road Transport
Equipment1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
H. SERVICES AUXILIARY TO ALL MODES OF TRANSPORT
d) Other Supporting and
Auxiliary TransportServices: Customs HouseBrokers1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Services must be supplied by a corporation,
association or partnership.  One officer of acorporation or association or one of the membersof a partnership must hold a valid customs broker'slicence in order for the entity to engage in suchbusiness.  A customs broker's licence may only be
obtained by a US citizen.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/USA
Page 78
ATTACHMENT TO THE UNITED STATES SCHEDULE
REFERENCE PAPER
Scope
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic telecommunications
services.
Definitions
Users mean service consumers and service suppliers.
Essential facilities mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service that
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;  and
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technical ly substituted in order to provide a service.
A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having regard to
price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of:
(a) control over essential facilities;  or(b) use of its position in the market.
1. Competitive safeguards
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or together,
are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
1.2 Safeguards
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;
(b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical  information about
essential facilities and commercially relevant information which are necessary for them to
provide services.
2. Interconnection
2.1 This section applies to linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport networks or
services in order to allow the users of one supplier to  communicate with users of another supplier and to access
services provided by another supplier, where specific commitments are undertaken.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 79
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured22
Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the network.  Such
interconnection is provided.
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and specifications)
and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its own like services or forlike services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its subsidiaries or other affiliates;
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and specifications) and
cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonab le, having regard to economic feasibility, and
sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for network components or facilities thatit does not require for the service to be provided;  and
(c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the majority of
users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities.
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly available.
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly available either its interconnection agreements or a
reference interconnection offer.
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either:
(a) at any time or
(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulato ry body as referred to in paragraph 5 below, to resolve
disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and rates for interconnection within a reasonable period of time,to the extent that these have not been established previously.
3. Universal service
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to maintain.  Such
obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are administ ered in a transparent, non-
discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and are not more burdensome than necessary for the kind of
universal service defined by the Member.
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision concerning
an application for a licence and
                                                     
     22Rural local exchange carriers may be exempted by a state regulatory authority for a limited period of time from the
obligations of section 2.2. with regard to inte rconnection with competing local exchange carriers.
Rural telephone companies do not have to provide interconnection to competing local exchange carriers in the manner specified
in section 2.2. until ordered to do so by a state regulatory authority.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 80
(b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.
The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request.
5. Independent regulators
The regulatory body is separate from, and not accoun table to, any supplier of  basic telecommunications
services. The decisions of and the procedures used by re gulators shall be impartial with respect to all market
participants.
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce re sources, including frequencies, numbers and rights of
way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory manner. The current state of
allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed identification of frequencies allocated forspecific government uses is not required.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 81
ATTACHMENT TO THE UNITED STATES SCHEDULE
ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS PAPER I
(a) Taking note of principles of federalism under the United States Constitution, recognizing that insurance
has been regulated at the state government level since the beginning of insurance regulation in the UnitedStates, and further recognizing the provision of the McCarran-Ferguson Act that "[t]he business ofinsurance...shall be subject to the laws of the several States," the Government of the United States
welcomes efforts by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") to promote the
harmonization of state insurance regulation, throug h such steps as its Accreditation Program and the
preparation of model insurance laws.
(b) The Government of the United States notes that  under Accreditation Program, the NAIC selects an
independent team of auditors to review the compliance of states with the laws, regulations, and regulatory
and organizational practices contained in the NAIC accreditation standards.  The team reports to the
NAIC, which determines whether a state qualifies for accreditation under the standards.  As of October11, 1994, 37 states were accredited by the NAIC through this program.
(c) The Government of the United States notes that NAIC Model Laws are designed to facilitate legislative
and regulatory action on common problems among the states and are intended to save duplication of effort
on the part of the states.  Some models are adopted by all or most of the states, so there is a harmonizing
effect. Some models serve as guidelines which the states may adopt, utilize or amend to fit theirindividual needs.  Certain models have been identi fied as being of such import that their adoption is
necessary for states to be accredited pursuant to NAIC financial regulation standards.
(d) The Government of the United States encourages th e NAIC to continue its effort to work with state
governments on these programs.
(e) Recognizing principles of federalism, the long history of state regulation of insurance in the United States,
and the McCarran-Ferguson Act, and noting the concerns of regulators who seek to further increaseinternationalization of their insurance markets whil e addressing prudential concerns, the Government of
the United States:
(i) welcomes that the NAIC in October 1993 adopted a model law on the initial entry of non-U.S.
insurance providers without their prior establishment in another state, and the Government of theUnited States encourages the NAIC to continue and as appropriate intensify its efforts withrelevant state authorities with regard to this issue;
(ii) would welcome consideration by the NAIC, if appropriate, of the issue of the time period for
review of licensing applications of insurance providers, from the perspective that regulatoryauthorities should make administrative decisions on completed applications of insuranceproviders within a reasonable time; and
(iii) welcomes efforts by the NAIC to review with the states the question of citizenship requirements
for the boards of directors of foreign insurance providers, and the Government of the UnitedStates encourages the NAIC to continue and as appropriate intensify its efforts with relevant stateauthorities within regard to this issue.
(f) The Government of the United States notes the concern raised by another Member that different state
regulations for foreign insurance providers on lines of products permitted, trusteed assets requirements,deposit requirements, remittance ceiling and reinsurance trust funds affect foreign insurance providersability to enter the insurance market of the United States.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 82
ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS PAPER II
(1) The Administration has expressed its support for Glass-Steagall reform on a national treatment basis and
will work with Congress to achieve an appropriate framework to accomplish this objective.
(2) The Administration, noting that even before the adoption of the Riegle-Neal banking legislation, many
states had taken action to liberalize interstate acquisitions of banks on a basis that provided national
treatment to foreign banks, welcomes further initiatives by states to provide additional access on a non-
discriminatory basis.
(3) The Government of the United States has taken action to remove impediments to the offering of securities
in the United States by foreign and domestic issuer s.  The National Securities Markets Improvement Act
of 1996 preempts state regulation of offerings of certain securities, including those listed on the New
York Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation/National
Market System, and securities issued by registered investment companies.  This legislation eliminates
duplicative state and federal securities legisl ation in the area of securities registration.
(4) Section 7(d) of the Investment Company Act authorizes the SEC to permit a foreign investment company
to register and publicly offer its shares in the United States if the SEC makes the following prudential
findings:
1. that it is both legally and practically feasible for the SEC and U.S. investors effectively to
enforce the provisions of the Investment Company Act against the investment company, and
2. that it is consistent with the requirements set forth in the Investment Company Act.
(5) The Government of the United States notes that the Federal Reserve, working in cooperation with other
domestic supervisory authorities, has established an enhanced framework for the regulation andsupervision of U.S. operations of foreign banks, which endeavors to coordinate annual examinations offoreign banks and provide uniform guidance with respect to examination policies.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 83UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - FINAL LI ST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS
Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Movement of persons Government issuance of treaty
trader or treaty investor
non-immigrant visas that extend aspecial visa category to nationalsof treaty partners in executive andother personnel categories
engagedCountries with whom the United
States has a Friendship,
Commerce and Navigation Treaty(FCN), a Bilateral InvestmentTreaty (BIT), or certain countriesas described in Section 204 of the
Immigration Act of 1990Indefinite To facilitate trade under
FCNs and BITs
• solely to carry on substantial
trade, including trade in
services or trade intechnology, principallybetween the US and theforeign state of which anatural person is a national,
or
• solely to develop and direct
the operations of anenterprise in which a naturalperson has invested or is
actively in the process of
investing a substantialamount of capital
Restrictions on performance oflongshore work when making USport calls by crews of foreign
vessels owned and flagged in
countries that similarly restrictUS crews on US-flag vesselsfrom longshore workCountries that prohibit longshore
work by crew members aboardUS vesselsIndefinite Reciprocal restrictions on
countries that prohibitlongshore work by crew
members aboard US
vesselsS/DCS/W/USA
Page 84Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
All Sectors: TaxationMeasuresDifferential treatment under
direct tax measures at the federallevelAll Indefinite
Such measures are:
• measures under the US
Internal Revenue Code (IRC)permitting the residents ofcountries contiguous to theUnited States to receive morefavorable treatment and
permitting certain US
taxpayers to receive morefavorable treatment as totheir contiguous countryoperations, and providingany other benefits with
respect to contiguous
countries;Volume of movements
across US borders between
Canada and the UnitedStates and betweenMexico and the UnitedStates; efficient
administration of tax
system.
• benefits available under the
US IRC with respect to USpossessions;Coordination of the United
States and US possessionincome taxes; fiscal
arrangements for US
possessions; andfacilitation of economicdevelopment in USpossessions
• benefits available under the
US IRC with respect to
Caribbean Basin Initiative(CBI) beneficiary countries;Facilitation of economic
development in certain
developing countriesS/DCS/W/USA
Page 85Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
• regarding activities covered
by the scope of the GeneralAgreement on Trade in
Services, reciprocal reduction
of taxation on incomederived from theinternational operation ofaircraft or of taxation of
certain earnings derived from
the use of railroad rollingstock;Prevention of double
taxation and proper tax
administration
• tax exemption for earnings
derived from the ownershipor operation of acommunications satellite
system by a foreign entity
designated by a foreigngovernment to participate insuch ownership if the UnitedStates, through its designatedentity, participates in such
system pursuant to the
Communications SatelliteAct of 1962;Facilitation of satellite
communications andproper tax administration
• denial of statutory reduction
of double taxation or deferral
of US tax on income earned
through controlled foreigncorporations, because thecountry participates in orcooperates with aninternational boycott, or for
similar foreign policy
reasons;Foreign policy
considerationsS/DCS/W/USA
Page 86Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
• measures permitting less
favorable taxation forcitizens, corporations or
products of a foreign country
based on discriminatory orextraterritorial taxes, moreburdensome taxation, orother discriminatory conduct;To foster efficient
international taxation
policies
• allow the deduction for
expenses of an advertisement
carried by a foreign
broadcast undertaking anddirected primarily to a USmarket only where thebroadcast undertaking is
located in a foreign country
that allows a similardeduction for anadvertisement placed with aUS broadcast undertaking;To encourage the
allowance of advertising
expenses internationallyS/DCS/W/USA
Page 87Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
• in connection with the
exclusion of, or deductionrelating to, certain foreign
earned income from the gross
income of individuals, thebenefit of a waiver of therequired period of stay in aforeign country as
determined by the Secretary
of the Treasury.  TheSecretary is empowered todetermine that individualswere required to leave aforeign country because of
war, civil unrest or similar
adverse conditions in suchforeign country whichprecluded the normal conductof business by such
individuals; andTo take into account
problems created byadverse conditions within
particular countries
Sub-federal tax measures
affording differential treatment toservice suppliers or to serviceswhen the differential treatment isbased on one of the following
criteria:All Indefinite To implement fiscal
policies of sub-centralgovernments
• are performed, consumed, or
located within differentsub-federal entities;S/DCS/W/USA
Page 88Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
• differ based on the size or
income of the servicesupplier or on the scale or
methods (including
environmental and health andsafety measures) ofperformance;
• differ in the extent of
ownership or participation byminority or other
disadvantaged groups;
• differ as to the eligibility for
non-profit status for pension,profit-sharing or otheremployee-benefit regimes;
• differ based on federal
immunity to taxation, forexample, exemption fromsub-federal tax on USgovernment obligations or
contracts; differ based on
federal immunity to taxation,for example, exemption fromsub-federal tax on USgovernment obligations orcontracts;
• are performed or located in
countries contiguous to theUnited States; orS/DCS/W/USA
Page 89Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
• are performed or located in
jurisdictions with whichsub-federal entities have
arrangements for tax
cooperation and assistance
Sub-federal measuressubstantively incorporatingprovisions of federal law subjectto an MFN exemption under this
agreementAll Indefinite To implement fiscal
policies of sub-centralgovernments
All Sectors:Land UseNon-US citizens in Wyoming
may not acquire or inherit landunless the country of which theyare a citizen extends a reciprocal
right to US citizensAll Indefinite Lack of reciprocity
All Sectors Canadian small businesses, but
not small businesses of othercountries, may use simplifiedregistration and periodic reportingforms with respect to their
securitiesCanada Indefinite Maintenance of
established preference
Telecommunicationservices:  One-waysatellite transmissionof DTH and DBS
television services
and of digital audioservicesDifferential treatment of countries
due to application of reciprocitymeasures or through internationalagreements guaranteeing market
access or national treatmentAll Indefinite Need to ensure
substantially full marketaccess and nationaltreatment in certainmarkets.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 90Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Insurance
Banking and Other
Financial Services(excluding Insurance)Measures according differential
treatment in regard to theexpansion of existing operations,
the establishment of a new
commercial presence or theconduct of new activities, in acircumstance in which a Memberadopts or applies a measure that
compels, or has the effect of
compelling, a person of theUnited States, on the basis of itsnationality, to reduce its share ofownership in an insuranceservices provider operating in the
Member's territory to a level
below that prevailing on12/12/97.
A broker-dealer registered under
US law that has its principal place
of business in Canada may
maintain its required reserves in abank in Canada subject to thesupervision of Canada.All countries
CanadaIndefinite
IndefiniteNeed to protect existing
US ownership of servicesuppliers operating in
other Members.
Maintenance of
established preference.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 91Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Banking and OtherFinancial Services(excluding Insurance)Permission to establish
state-licensed branches, agencies,or representative offices, or to
own commercial bank
subsidiaries, is based on areciprocity test in the followingStates: California (applies also tosavings and loan associations),
Connecticut (applies also to credit
unions), Georgia, Illinois,Kentucky, Louisiana,Massachusetts, Michigan, NorthCarolina, Pennsylvania,Washington.  Among the
conditions on which agency or
agency and representative officelicenses may be granted for thefollowing States is that theforeign bank is one of the fivelargest banks in the home
country: Florida, Oklahoma.
Permission for a foreign-ownedbank or trust company to act asfiduciary, and to use satellitebanking terminals, is based on areciprocity test in Iowa. Iowa also
subjects the activities of foreign-
owned savings and loanassociations to a reciprocity test.All countries Indefinite Need to protect existing
activities of US servicesuppliers abroad and to
ensure substantially full
market access and nationaltreatment in internationalfinancial markets.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 92Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Michingan permits corporatecentral credit unions to placedeposits in banks chartered in
Canada or the European Common
Market but not in banks charteredin other foreign countries.
Authority to act as a sole trustee
of an indenture for a bond
offering in the United States issubject to a reciprocity test.
Designation as a primary dealer
in the US Government debt
securities is conditioned on
reciprocity.Canada and European Common
Market
All
AllIndefinite
Indefinite
IndefiniteMaintenance of
established preference.
Need to ensure US
financial service suppliersare permitted to providetrustee services in foreignmarkets.
Need to ensure US
financial service suppliersare afforded nationaltreatment in foreigngovernment debt markets.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 93Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Transport Services:Air Transport
ServicesMeasures which pertain to selling
and marketing of air transportservices (including sales, other
than by airlines, of passenger
charters and forwarding of airfreight other than by airlines) andto operation and regulation ofcomputer reservation system
(CRS) services, as described in
the Annex on Air TransportServices.  (For transparencypurposes, these measures include,but are not limited to, bilateraland multilateral civil aviation
agreements, understandings andAll partners with which the
United States has active aviationrelations (approximately
100 countries) covered by
bilateral or other air servicesagreements and comity andreciprocity regimes.  Alsoconcerned are the co-signatories
of the Chicago Convention and
various other internationalaviation agreements,undertakings, and understandingsto which the United States is aparty.Indefinite The common policy and
practice of exchangingrights, settling disputes,
and applying laws and
other measures pertainingto the operation of civilaircraft and airtransportation
differentially, with respect
to the activities referred toabove, on the basis ofmutual agreement andbalanced exchanges ofrights and responsibilities.
undertakings and informal comity
and reciprocity aviation regimes
to which the United States is aparty; US laws and regulations,including the International AirTransportation Fair Competitive
Practices Act of 1974, as
amended, the Federal AviationAct of 1958, as amended, theInternational Air TransportationCompetition Act of 1979, theInternational Aviation Facilities
Act, as amended, and Title 14,
Parts 1 - 399, of the Code ofFederal Regulations; andmeasures of US states andterritories and the District ofColumbia, and of their agencies
and subdivisions).S/DCS/W/USA
Page 94Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Transport Services:Road TransportThe US government has
discretion to limit the issuance oftrucking licenses to persons from
contiguous countries on the basis
of reciprocity.  The BusRegulatory Reform Act of 1982permits the President to removeor modify in whole or in part the
moratorium on a finding that such
removal or modification is in thenational interest.  Domestic andcross-border trucking operationsare permitted within designatedInterstate Commerce Commission
commercial zones.  The
moratorium was lifted for Canadain October 1982.Mexico, Canada Indefinite Need to have authority to
impose a moratorium onthe issuance of new
licenses for domestic
operations within andcross-border operationsinto the United States onthe basis of reciprocity
Transport Services:Pipeline TransportPursuant to the Mineral Lands
Leasing Act of 1920, aliens andforeign corporations may notacquire rights-of-way for oil or
gas pipelines, or pipelines
carrying products refined from oiland gas, across on-shore federallands or acquire leases or interestsin certain minerals on on-shore
federal lands, such as coal or oil.All Indefinite Lack of reciprocityS/DCS/W/USA
Page 95Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Non-US citizens may own a100 per cent interest in a domesticcorporation that acquires a
right-of-way for oil or gas
pipelines across on-shore federallands, or that acquires a lease todevelop mineral resources onon-shore federal lands, unless the
foreign investors' home country
denies similar or like privilegesfor the mineral or access inquestion to US citizens orcorporations, as compared withthe privileges it accords to its own
citizens or corporations or to the
citizens or corporations of othercountries.  Nationalization is notconsidered to be denial of similaror like privileges.  Foreigncitizens, or corporations
controlled by them, are restricted
from obtaining access to federalleases on Naval PetroleumReserves if the laws, customs orregulations of their country denythe privilege of leasing public
lands to US citizens or
corporations.S/DCS/W/USA
Page 96Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Condi tions creating the
need for the exemption
Transport Services:Space TransportationQuantitative restrictions and price
disciplines in certain bilateralagreements on the launch of
satellites in the international
commercial space launch marketAll Indefinite Need to prevent disruption
of competition in theinternational space launch
market
__________