ORGANISATION MONDIALE  
DU COMMERCE  S/DCS/W/ISL 
24 janvier 2003 
 (03-0471) 
Commerce des services Original:   anglais 
  
 
ISLANDE  
 
Projet de version codifiée de la Liste d'engagements spécifiques
1 
 
 
 On trouvera ci-joint un projet de version c odifiée de la Liste d'engagements spécifiques de 
l'Islande en format Word.  Ce document ne remplace pas les engagements juridiquement 
contraignants souscrits par l'Islande dans sa Liste d'engagements spécifiques (GATS/SC/41;  S/L/29;  
GATS/SC/41/Suppl.1; GATS/SC/41/Suppl.2).  
 Est joint au projet de liste codifiée la Liste d'exemptions de l'article  II (NPF) de l'Islande 
(GATS/EL/41) en format Word.   Le projet de version codifiée de la liste et la Liste d'exemptions de l'obligation NPF ont été 
établis par le Secrétariat, à la demande des Memb res, pour faciliter le processus de négociation, y 
compris la présentation des offres initiales. 
 
_______________ 
 
  
 
  
                                                     
 
1 Le présent document a été établi, en anglais seulemen t, par le Secrétariat sous sa propre responsabilité 
et sans préjudice des positions des Membres ni de le urs droits et obligations dans le cadre de l'OMC.  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 2 ICELAND – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS  
 ALL SECTORS 
 INCLUDEDIN THIS 
 SCHEDULE     
 3) All foreign investment and currency transfers  
 must be reported to the Central Bank of   Iceland 
 
 Investment by non-residents in the  
 manufacturing industry, other than power- 
 intensive industry, trade services,   communications and fish farming may not  
 exceed 25% of the total investment of the  
 relevant sector without special permission.  3) Treatment accorded to subsidiaries of third- 
 country companies formed   in accordance with  
 the law of an EEA Member State and having  
 their registered office, central administration or  
 principal place of business within an EEA  
 Member State may not be extended to branches  
 or agencies established in an EEA Member   State by a third-country company   
 
  Total investment by a non-resident or the joint  
 investment of financially related non-residents 
 in enterprises in the above-mentioned sectors   may not exceed 250 mill. ISK within a year  
 unless a special concession is given  Treatment less favourable may be accorded to  
 subsidiaries of a third-country company formed  
 in accordance with the law of an EEA Member  
 State having only their registered office in the  
 territory of an EEA Member State unless they  
 show that they possess an effective and   continuous link with the economy of one of the  
 EEA Member States  
 
  All foreign investment of a Foreign State or  
 companies/organizations owned by a Foreign  
 State requires a special concession of the  
 Ministry of Commerce   
 Managers and the majority of the members of  
 the board of directors in all domestic enterprises 
 must be  domiciled in Iceland unless exempted   from this requirement by the Ministry of  
 Commerce 
  
  Non-residents cannot conclude an agreement  
 on real-estate lease w ithout the permission of  
 the Ministry of Justice if the lease is for a  
 period exceeding three years and not for use in 
 conducting its normal business activities  At least one of the aud itors of an Icelandic  
 limited liability company must be a resident in   Iceland or a competent resident CPA company    
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of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
  Non-residents may only acquire real estate in  
 conjunction to their business activities and can 
 only obtain ordinary proprietary rights linked  
 to the real estate  
 Non-residents are thus excluded from  
 obtaining full property rights of real estate if   unusual rights are linked to it, such as  
 exploitation rights as regards waterfalls,  
 geothermal energy, etc  
 
 
  Contracts concerning ownership and long- 
 term use of real-estate by non-residents are not 
 valid until the Ministry of Justice has endorsed 
 it in writing  
 Non-residents, natural as well as legal  
 persons, involved in trade in goods or rental of  videos, need a trade permit but such regulated  
 trade licences are required  for both Icelandic  
 and non-resident providers of service 
  
 
  All provision of services by natural persons,  
 as self-employed or taking part in a business  
 enterprise with unlimited liability, needs a  
 concession, by the Ministry of Commerce, if   the persons involved are non-residents 
  
 
 
 
  Movement of Personnel  
 
 Temporary entry of service providers 
  Movement of Personnel  
 
 Temporary entry of service providers 
   
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of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 
 4) Unbound except the temporary entry of the  
 following service provid ers as intra-corporate  
 transferees, which Iceland shall permit  
 without requiring compliance with labour   market tests: 
 
 Executives
:  persons who primarily direct the  
 management of the organization covered by  
 the agreement and esta blish its goals and  
 generally have a wide decision-making   authority. Executives would not necessarily  
 perform tasks related to the actual provision of 
 the service.  4) None for the categories offered under market  
 access 
 
  
  Managers :  persons who direct the  
 Organization covered by the agreement or its  
 department and are in a senior level   responsible of the service providing functions  
 of the organization by supervising and  
 controlling and having also authority to hire  
 and fire personnel or recommend such and  
 other personnel actions.   
 
  Specialists :  persons within the organization  
 who possess knowledge at an advanced level   of expertise or otherwise essential or  
 proprietal to the or ganization's service,  
 research equipment, techniques or   management.  
  
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 5Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
  
 Service sellers :  persons who as  
 representatives of a service provider covered  
 by the agreement are seeking temporary entry   for purposes of negotiation for the sale of  
 services or entering into agreements to sell  
 services for that servi ce provider, where this  
 selling activity is not directed to the general  
 public.  
 
  Subsidies1 
 
3) None 
  
 
4) None  Subsidies
1 
 
3) Eligibility for subsidies may be limited to  
 juridical persons established within the territory   of Iceland.  Subsidies related to research and  
 development are unbound. 
4) Subsidies available only to natural persons may   be limited to Icelandic citizens.  
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
 
I. BUSINESS SERVICES 
 
A. Professional Services  
  
  
  
 
(a) Legal Services (CPC 861) 
    
                                                      
 1 The definition of subsidies remains to be determined in the context of negotiations u nder Article XV of the GATS.  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
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of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 Legal advice activities on  
 home country law 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section.  Members of the General Bar  
 Association of Iceland have an exclusive right  
 to represent clients before all the major courts   in Iceland. 
  
2) None 
1),3), 
4) Icelandic law exam or an equivalent thereto,   conditions of nationality, or previous residency  
 of at least one year when practising legal  
 services as a member of the General Bar   Association in Iceland 
  
 
 Legal advice on   international law and   foreign legal consultancy 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
(b) Accounting, auditing and   book-keeping services  (CPC 862) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section. Requirement of residence. Icelandic  
 exam for certified accountants required  
 subject to exemption by the Minister of   Finance. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
(c) Taxation services (CPC   863) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
(d) Architectural services 
 (CPC 8671) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 
  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 
   
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of natural persons  
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(e) Engineering services 
 (CPC 8672) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
(f) Integrated Engineering   services (CPC 8673) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
   
 
(g) Urban planning and   landscape architectural   services 
 (CPC 8674) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
   
(i) Veterinary services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section.  Number of veterinarians in rural  
 districts is limited. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
(k) Other 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None  
B. Computer and Related  
 Services  
    
(a) Consultancy services  
 related to the installation of  
 computer hardware 
 (CPC 841)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
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of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(b) Software development   
 (including software  
 implementation) 
 CPC 842)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
(c)  Data processing services  (CPC 843)  1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) Concession needed if personal-data is to be  
 processed outside Icelandic jurisdiction 2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
(d) Data base services  (CPC 844) 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) Concession needed if personal-data is to be  
 processed outside Icelandic jurisdiction 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
(e) Other  1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) Concession needed if personal-data is to be  
 processed outside Icelandic jurisdiction 2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
  
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 Page 9Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
C. Research and Development  
 Services  
    
(a) R&D services on 
Natural  
 Sciences (CPC 851) 
 1) None 
2) None  
 
 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1),2) A license is needed for the importation of  
 research equipment.  Natural history specimens   must not be exported from the country unless  
 permitted by the Icelandic Museum of Natural  
 History. 3),4) No foreigners are permitted to undertake  
 scientific research work in the field of natural  
 sciences without having first obtained a   research permit issued by the Icelandic Council  
 of Science field of natural sciences without  
 having first obtained a research permit issued   by the Icelandic Council of Science 
  
 
(b) R&D services on social   sciences and humanities 
 1) None 
2) None 
 
 
 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1),2) Archaeological finds must not be exported  
 from the country unless permitted by the  
 National Archaeological Council  
 ("Þjóðminjaráð") 
3),4) All archaeological research whether by  
 Icelandic or foreign researchers is subject to a   permit granted by the Icelandic Archaeological  
 Committee ("fornleifanefnd") 
  
 
(c) Interdisciplinary R&D  
 services (CPC 853) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
  
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of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
D. Real Estate Services  
    
(a) Real estate services  
 involving own or leased  
 property (CPC 821)  1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Deposits or liability insurance to cover   loss caused to clients. All licenses to provide  
 services on sales of real-estate are personal  
 authorizations. 4) Unbound except as  indicated in the 
 horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Condition of one year previous residency in  order to obtain licence to provide services in  
 residential building and land sales, and other  
 related intermediary serv ices for purchase and  
 sale of real-estate 
  
 
(b) On a Fee or Contract basis  (CPC 822) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Deposits or liability insurance to cover   loss caused to clients. All licences to provide  
 services on sales of real-estate are personal  
 authorization. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Condition of one year previous residency in  order to obtain licence to provide services in  
 residential building and land sales, and other  
 related intermediary serv ices for purchase and  
 sale of real-estate 
  
 
E. Rental/Leasing Services  
 without Operators  
 1) None 
2) None 3) Leasing services must be provided either by  
 corporation with a limited liability (leasing  
 companies) or registered commercial banks or   savings banks 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  
 1) None 
2) None 3) Majority of the board of a leasing company  
 shall be resident in Iceland. The manager shall  
 be resident in Iceland and a citizen of a Nordic   Country. 
4) None 
  
  
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 Page 11Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(a) Relating to ships 
 (CPC 83103) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) To be registered in the ship register the ship  
 must be owned by Icelandic natural or   juridical persons who are resident in Iceland.  
 Further nationality restrictions on fishing  
 vessels. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
 4) None 
  
 
(b) Relating to aircraft  (CPC 83104) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) To be registered in the aircraft register the  
 aircraft must be owned by Icelandic natural or   juridical persons resident in Iceland 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
4) None 
  
  
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of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(c) Relating to other transport 
 equipment (CPC 83101 + 
 83102 + 83105) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Residency requirement for car rental services 
4) Residency requirement for car rental services   
 
(d) Relating to other machinery   and equipment  (CPC 832) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
(e) Other  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
F. Other Business Services  
    
(a) Advertising services 
 (CPC 871) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
(b) Market research and public   opinion polling services   (CPC 864) 1) None 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) Concession needed if personal data is to be  
 processed outside Icelandic jurisdiction 2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
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(c) Management consulting  
 services (CPC 865) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
 
(d) Services related to man.  
 consulting (CPC 866)  
 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
  
(e) Technical testing and   analysis services  (CPC 8676) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
  
(f) Services incidental to   agriculture, hunting and  
 forestry (CPC 881) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
(i) Services incidental to  
 manufacturing  
 (CPC 884+885/except for  
 88442)  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
  
 
(k) Placement and supply   services of personnel 
 (CPC 872) 
  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
  
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(m) Related scientific and  
 technical consulting  
 services (CPC 8675) 
  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
(n) Maintenance and repair of   equipment (CPC   633+8861-8866; not  
 including maritime vessels,  
 aircraft or other transport   equipment) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
(o) Building-cleaning services  
 (CPC 874) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
(p) Photographic services 
 (CPC 875) 
  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
(q) Packaging services  (CPC 876) 
  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
  
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(r) Printing, publishing 
 (CPC 88442) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Nationality or residency requirement of at  
 least one year for publishing of newspapers or   magazines within the national territory.   
 Nationality and residency requirement for  
 editors 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
 4) None 
  
 
(s) Convention services  (CPC 87909) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indi cated in the horizontal 
 section. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
 
2. COMMUNICATION  
 SERVICES 
    
C Telecommunication  
 services  
    
(a) Voice telephony 
(b) Packet-switched data  
 transmission services (c) Circuit-switched data  
 transmission services 
(d) Telex services (e) Telegraph services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  Iceland undertakes 
 additional 
 commitments as  contained in 
 the attachment, all 
 parts of which are  equally binding.  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
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Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(f) Facsimile services 
(g) Leased circuit services 
(o) Other    
- Mobile and  
 personal communications   services and systems    
 Value-added services2 
 Electronic mail, Voice   mail, On-line information  
 and Data Base Retrieval,  
 EDI, Code and Protocol   Conversion 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indi cated in the horizontal 
 section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND  
 RELATED  
 ENGINEERING  
 SERVICES     
A. General Construction Work  
 for Buildings  
 (CPC 512) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
B. General Construction Work  
 for Civil Engineering  (CPC  
 513) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
 
                                                      
2  Excludes voice telephony, telegraph, telex, packet and circuit switched data services, mobile radio telephony, paging and sat ellite services.  
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C. Installation and Assembly  
 Work  (CPC 514+516) 
 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
D. Building Completion and  
 Finishing Work  (CPC 517) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
4. DISTRIBUTION  
 SERVICES 
 (excluding trade in arms,  
 alcoholic beverages,   tobacco and pharmaceutical  
 products) 
    
A. Commissions Agents'  
 Services  (CPC 621) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
B. Wholesale Trade Services   
 (CPC 622)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 
C. Retailing Services (CPC  
 631+632   6111+6113+6121) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
  
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Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
D. Franchising (CPC 8929) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
 
E. Other  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None   
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6. ENVIRONMENTAL  
 SERVICES 
    
A. Sewage Services  
 (CPC 9401)  1) Unbound* 
2) None 3),4) Environmental operation license required 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
   
 
B. Refuse Disposal Waste   
 (CPC 9402) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3),4) Environmental operating license required 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
C. Sanitation and Similar  
 Services  (CPC 9403) 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None 
  
 
D. Other 
 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3),4) Environmental operating license required 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
                                                      
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. 
  
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7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 
(i) Iceland undertakes commitments on financ ial services in accordance with the "Understanding on Commitments in Financial Serv ices" (the Understanding). 
 (ii) Market access commitments  with respect to modes 1) and 2) and bound in this Schedule to th e extent of the obligations in p aragraphs 3 and 4 of the Understanding. 
 
A. Insurance and Insurance-  
 related Services  
 1) The supply of direct insurance is reserved for  
 Icelandic insurance undertakings or authorized  insurance undertakings from another EEA  
 Member State. 
  The supply of insurance broker services is  
 reserved for insurance brokers authorized by  
 the Ministry of Commerce or insurance   brokers authorized by competent authorities of 
 another EEA Member State. 
 1) None 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 2) None 
 
3) Insurance undertakings not established in an   EEA Member State require authorization to  
 establish branch offices in Iceland. 2) None 
 
3) Founders of an insurance undertaking must be   Icelandic residents or legal entities registered in 
 Iceland, citizens of another EEA Member State 
 residing in an EEA Member State or legal  entities registered in an EEA Member State.  
  Any investor, whether resident or non- 
 resident, who acquires or intends to acquire a   qualifying holding in an insurance undertaking 
 must give advance notice to the Insurance  
 Supervisory Authority.  The Authority may   refuse the acquisition or the exercise of  
 ownership if it believes that the acquisition  
 will affect the sound functioning of the   enterprise.  Branch offices of non-EEA insurance  
 undertakings must be managed by a resident   agent. 
 
 Insurance brokers must be resident in Iceland or  citizens or legal entities of another EEA  
 Member State residing in an EEA Member  
 State.  
  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section. 4) None   
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 21Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
B. Banking and Other  
 Financial Services  
 (excluding insurance) 
 1) None 
 
 
 2) None 
3) Credit institutions and undertakings engaged  
 in securities services established in a non-EEA  State can establish a branch or a representative 
 office, subject to author ization by the Ministry 
 of Commerce. 1) Domestic financial institutions shall inform the  
 Central Bank of Iceland of the balances of  
 service providers' accounts held by non- 
 residents. 2) None 
3) A founder of a credit institution shall be a  
 natural or legal person resident in Iceland.  The  Minister of Commerce can grant  
 exemptions from this requirement.  Citizens and 
 legal persons of other EEA Member States are  exempted from the residency requirement  
  Credit institutions and undertakings engaged  
 in securities services can only be established  
 as companies with limited liability.  
 Commercial banks and savings banks have  
 exclusive rights to accept deposits and other   repayable funds from the public. 
 
 Public issue of securities shall be conducted  
 by securities undertakings or other parties  
 authorized to provide such services.  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section. 
   Managers and board members of credit  
 institutions and undertakings engaged in  
 securities services and UC ITS shall be resident  
 in Iceland.  Citizens of other EEA Member  
 States are exempted from the residency  
 requirement.  The Mini ster of Commerce may  
 grant citizens of non-EEA Member States the  
 same exemptions. 
 
 Service providers shall inform the Ministry of  
 Commerce of investments made by non-  residents in business enterprises in Iceland and  
 the Central Bank of Iceland of investments  
 made by non-residents in securities in Iceland. 4) None 
 
  
  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 22 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL  
 RELATED SERVICES 
    
A. Hotels and Restaurants  
 (including catering)  
 (CPC 641-643) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Condition of licenses is one year previous  
 residency 
4) Condition of licenses is one year previous   residency 
 
  
 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour  
 Operators  (CPC 7471) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Deposits or liability insurance to cover   loss caused to clients 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Condition of licenses is one year previous   residency of the manager 
 
  
 
C. Tourist Guides Services  
 (CPC 7472) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) The right to exercise th e profession is reserved  
 for resident authorized tourist guides.  Foreign  
 resident guides may be granted temporary  
 license on ad hoc basis.   
  
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 23Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
10. RECREATIONAL  
 CULTURAL AND  
 SPORTING SERVICES  
 (other than audiovisual   services) 
    
A. Entertainment Services   
 (including theatre, live   ands and circus services) 
 (CPC 9619) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indi cated in the horizontal 
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Targeted  financial support to specific local, 
 regional or national activities. 
4) None  
B. News Agency Services  
 (CPC 962) 1),2),3) None ot her than access to management  
 functions is subject to discretionary  
 authorizations by competent authorities 
4) Condition of nationality and residency for the   editor of a paper or magazine. Unbound  
 except as indicated in the horizontal section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
C. Libraries, Archives,  
 Museums and other  
 Cultural Service  
 (CPC 963) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Targeted financial support to specific local,  
 regional or national activities 
 4) None  
D. Sporting and other  
 Recreational Services 
 (CPC 964)  1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Gambling, coin machines and like   activities are subject to licensing. Boxing is  
 illegal in Iceland. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Targeted financial support to specific local,   regional or national activities 
 
4) None   
  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 24 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
E. Other 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Targeted financial support to specific local,  
 regional or national activities  
4) None 
  
 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES     
A. Maritime Transport  
 Services     
 International transport   
(freight and passengers)  CPC 
7211 and 7212  including  
Cabotage  transport 1). 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3)(a) Establishment of a registered company for the 
purpose of operating a fleet under Icelandic 
flag: Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section. 
     (b) Other forms of commercial presence 2):  
         None. 
 4)(a) Ships' crew: 
    Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 
 
 (b) Key personnel employed in relation to a  
   commercial presence as defined under mode 
3(b) above: 
      Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
      section.  1) None 
 
2) None 
 3)(a) Unbound 
 
 
 
   (b) None 
 
 4)(a) Unbound 
 
  
  (b) Unbound   
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 25Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
Maritime Auxiliary Services  
 
- Maritime Cargo Handling 
 Services 3) 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal      section 
 1) None 
 
2) None 
 3) None 
 
4) None  
-  Storage and Warehousing  
 Services (CPC 742);   Customs Clearance  
 Services 4);  
 Container Station and   Depot 5) 
 1) Unbound
* 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section 1) Unbound* 
 2) None 
 
3) None  
4) None  
- Maritime Agency Services  1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None  
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section 1) None 
 
2) None 
 
3) None  
4) None 
  
- Other Supporting and 
 Auxiliary Transport Services 
  8) 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section 
 1) None 
 
2) None  
3) None 
 4) None  
                                                      
*     A commitment on this mode of delivery is not feasible.  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 26 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
Auxiliary Services as required by 
Maritime Transport Operators:   The following services are 
made available to 
international maritime 
transport suppliers on reasonable and 
non-discriminatory terms 
and conditions:  
1. Pilotage 
2. Towing and tug  assistance 
3. Provisioning, fuelling, 
watering 
4. Garbage collecting, 
ballast waste disposal 
5. Port Captain´s services 6. Navigation aids 
7. Shore-based operational 
services essential to ship 
operations, incl. 
communications, water, electrical supplies 
8. Emergency repair 
 facilities 9. Anchorage, berth, 
berthing services 
10. Container handling, 
storage and 
warehousing, freight 
transport.     
  
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 27Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
   Where road, coastal 
shipping and related 
auxiliary services are not 
otherwise fully covered in this schedule, a multimodal 
transport operator shall 
have the ability to rent, hire or charter trucks and related 
equipment for the purpose 
of inland forwarding of international cargoes 
carried by sea, or have 
access to and use of such multimodal activities for 
the purpose of providing 
multimodal transport services. 
C. Air Transport 
Services  
    
 Maintenance and repair of  
 aircraft and parts thereof  1) Unbound
* 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  
 1) Unbound
* 
2) None 3) None 
4) None  
                                                      
*  Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.  
  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 28 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 Sales and marketing 
 
 
 1) None 
 
 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) For distribution through CRS of air transport  
 services provided by CRS parent carrier:   
 unbound 
2) None 3) For distribution through CRS of air transport  
 services provided by CRS parent carrier:   
 unbound 4) None 
   
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 29Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 Computer Reservations  
 System 
 
 1) None 
 
 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
  1) For obligations of parent or participating 
 carriers in respect of a CRS controlled by an air 
 carrier of one or more third countries: unbound 
2) None 3) For obligations of parent or participating 
 carriers in respect of a CRS controlled by an air 
 carrier of one or more third countries: 4) None 
  
 
F. Road Transport Services  
    
(a) Passenger 
transportation 
 (CPC 7121+7122) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3),4) Authorization required for commercial  
 land transport services.  Numerical quotas   may be imposed as well as exclusive licenses  
 for certain areas or routes. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
4) None 
  
 
(b) Freight transportation 
 (CPC 123) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
 
(c) Rental of commercial   vehicles with operator 
 (CPC 7124)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
 
  
  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 30 Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(d) Maintenance and repair of  
 road transport equipment 
 (CPC 6112+8867) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
(e) Supporting services for  
 road transport services  (CPC 744) 
 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
H. Services auxiliary to all  
 modes of transport  
    
(b) Storage and warehousing  
 services   
 (CPC 742) 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
 
   
 
(c) Freight transport agency  
 services 
  (CPC 748) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
d) Other  (CPC 749)  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) None 
  
 
                                                      
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.  
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 31Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence 
of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
I. Other Transport Services  
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal   section 
 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None  
 
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 32  
 
 Additional Commitments by Iceland
 
 Scope
 
 
The following are definitions and principl es on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services underpinning the market access commitments by Iceland. 
 Definitions
 
 
Users  mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 
Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network and 
service that   (a) are exclusively or predominantly provided  by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
  and 
  (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a    service.  
A major supplier 
is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of 
participation (having regard to price and supply) in  the relevant market for basic telecommunications 
services as a result of:   (a) control over essential facilities;  or  
 (b) use of its position in the market. 
 1. Competitive safeguards
 
 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
 
Appropriate measures shall be maintained for th e purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 1.2 Safeguards
 
 
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular: 
  (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;     (b) using information obtained from comp etitors with anti-competitive results;  and 
 
 (c)  not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical 
 information about essential facilities and co mmercially relevant information which 
 are necessary for them to provide services.  
 2. Interconnection
 
 
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of  one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and  to access services provided by another supplier.   S/DCS/W/ISL 
 Page 33 
 
 
  
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
 
Within the limits of permitted market access, interconnection with a major supplier will be 
ensured at any technically feasible point in th e network.  Such interconnection is provided1: 
 
 (a) under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including technical standards and 
 specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
 own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its  subsidiaries or other affiliates
2, 
 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
 specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard 
 to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unb undled so that the supplier need not pay 
 for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be 
 provided;  and 
  (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
 majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary  additional facilities. 
 
2.3 Public availability of the pro cedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 
The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available.  
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.  2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
 
 
A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
  (a)  at any time or  
 (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known 
 
to an independent domestic body, which may be  a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 
5 below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate  terms, conditions and rates for interconnection 
within a reasonable period of time, to the extent  that these have not been established previously. 
 
 
  
                                                     
 
 1 Suppliers of services or networks not generally available to the public, such as closed user groups, have 
guaranteed rights to connect with the public telecommunications transport network or services on terms, conditions and rates 
which are non-discriminatory, transparent and cost-oriented.  Such terms, conditions and rates may, however, vary from the 
terms, conditions and rates applicable to interconnection between public teleco mmunications networ ks or services. 
 2 Different terms, c onditions and rates may be set in Iceland for operators in different market segments, 
on the basis of non-discriminatory and transparent national li censing provisions, where such differences can be objectively 
justified because these services are not considered "like services". S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 34  
 
  
 3. Universal service
 
 
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminator y and competitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.     4. Public availability of licensing criteria
 
 
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: 
 (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally required to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence and 
 
(b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.  
The reasons for the denial of a licence will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
 5. Independent regulators
 
 
The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be impartial with respect to all market participants.  
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
 
Any procedures for the allocation and use of s carce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner.  The current state of allocated frequency ba nds will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required. 
  S/DCS/W/ISL 
 Page 35 
 
 
 ATTACHMENT 
 
NOTES TO MARITIME TRANSPORT  
  
”Reasonable and non-discriminatory  terms and conditions” means, for the purpose of multimodal 
transport operations, the ability of the multimodal tran sport operator to arrange for the conveyance of its 
merchandise on a timely basis, including priority ove r other merchandise which has entered the port at a 
later date. A ”multimodal transport operator” means the person on whose behalf the bill of 
lading/multimodal transport document, or any othe r document evidencing a contract of multimodal 
carriage of goods, is issued and who is responsible for the carriage of  goods pursuant to the contract of 
carriage.  1. ”Cabotage” is defined as mari time transport of goods and passen gers between ports in Iceland. 
 
2. ”Other forms of commercial pr esence for the supply of internatio nal maritime transport services” 
means the ability for international maritime transport se rvice suppliers of the other Members to 
undertake locally all activities which are necessary fo r the supply to their cust omers of a partially or 
fully integrated transport service, within which the maritime transpor t constitutes a substantial element. 
(This commitment shall however not be construe d as limiting in any manner the commitments 
undertaken under the cross-border mode of delivery). 
 
These activities include, but are not limited to:  (a) marketing and sales of mariti me transport and rela ted services through di rect contact with 
customers, from quotation to invoici ng, these services being those ope rated or offered by the service 
supplier itself or by service supp liers with which the service seller  has established standing business 
arrangements;  (b) the acquisition, on their own account or on beha lf of their customers (a nd the resale to their 
customers) of any transport and related services, including inward transport services by any mode, particularly inland waterways, ro ad and rail, necessary for the s upply of the integrated service; 
 
(c) the preparation of documentation concerning tr ansport documents, customs documents, or other 
documents related to the origin and character of the goods transported; 
 (d) the provision of business information by any means, including computerised information systems 
and electronic data interchange (subject to the provisions of th e annex on telecommunications); 
 (e) the setting of any business arra ngements (including participation in the stock of a company) and 
the appointment of personnel recrui ted locally (or, in the case of foreign personnel, subject to the 
horizontal commitment on movement of personnel)  with any locally established shipping agency; 
 
(f) acting on behalf of the compan ies, organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when 
required.  3. ”Maritime cargo handling services” means activities exercised by stevedore companies, including terminal operators, but not including the direct activities of docker s, when this workforce is organized 
independently of the stevedoring or terminal oper ator companies. The activities covered include the 
organisation and supervision of:  - the loading/discharging of cargo to/from a ship; - the lashing/unlashing of cargo; S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 36  
 
 - the reception/delivery and safekeeping of ca rgoes before shipment or after discharge. 
 4. ”Customs clearance services” (alternatively ”customs house brok ers´ services”) means activities 
consisting in carrying out on behalf of another part y customs formalities concerning import, export or 
through transport of cargoes, whether this service is the main activity of the service provider or a usual 
complement of its main activity. 
 5. ”Container station and depot services” means acti vities consisting in storing containers, whether in 
port areas or inland, with a view to their stuffing /stripping, repairing, and making them available for 
shipments. 
 
6. ”Maritime agency services” means the activities consisting in representing, within a given geographic area, as an agent the business interests of  one or more shipping lines of shipping companies, 
for the following purposes:  
- marketing and sales of maritime transport and related serv ices, from quotation to invoicing, and 
issuance of bills of lading on beha lf of the companies; acquisition a nd resale of the necessary related 
services, preparation of documentation,  and provision of business information; 
- acting on behalf of the companies organising the call of the ship or taking over cargoes when required.  
7. ”Freight forwarding services” means the activity  consisting of organising and monitoring shipment 
operations on behalf of shippers, through the acquisition of transport and related services, preparation of 
documentation and provision of business information. 
 8. ”Other supporting and auxiliary transport servic es” means freight brokerage  services; bill auditing 
and freight rate information services; transportati on document preparation serv ices; packing and crating 
and unpacking and de-crating services; freight inspection, weighing  and sampling services; and freight 
receiving and acceptance services (including local pick-up and delivery). 
  
_______________  
  S/DCS/W/ISL
 Page 37ICELAND - LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS 
 
 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency  
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
ALL SECTORS 
  
 
Measures aimed at promoting Nordic cooperation such as: 
- guarantees and loans to 
investment projects and exports (The Nordic Investment Bank) 
- financial support to R&D 
projects (The Nordic Industrial Fund) 
- funding of feasibility studies for 
international projects (The Nordic Fund for Project Exports) 
- financial assistance to 
companies* utilizing 
environmental technology (The 
Nordic Environment Finance Corporation). 
  
 
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden 
 
  
 
  
 
  
(*) Applies to East European 
companies, which are co- 
operating with a Nordic 
company.   
 
Indefinite   
 
To maintain and develop Nordic Cooperation 
 
Audiovisual services; 
transmission of audiovisual programmes 
 Measures that are adopted for the 
implementation and in conformity with the regulations such as the 
EC Television Broadcasting 
Directive (no. 89/552) and which define programmes of European 
origin in order to extend national 
treatment to audiovisual programmes meeting specific 
origin criteria 
 Parties to the Council of Europe 
Convention on Transfrontier Television or other European 
countries with whom an 
agreement may be concluded  Indefinite 
 The promotion of cultural identity 
within the broadcasting sector in Europe, as well as achievement of 
certain linguistic policy objectives 
  
 S/DCS/W/ISL 
Page 38 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency  
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Audiovisual services; production and distribution of 
cinematographic works 
and television programmes  Measures that are adopted for the 
implementation of benefits in conformity with such support 
programmes as MEDIA and 
EURIMAGES to audiovisual programmes and suppliers to 
these programmes, meeting 
specific European origin criteria 
 European countries 
 Indefinite 
 Preservation and promotion of the 
regional identity of the countries concerned 
 
 
 Support programmes for the 
production and distribution of cinematographic works and 
television programmes (The 
Nordic Film and TV Fund)  Denmark, Finland, Norway and 
Sweden  Indefinite 
 To maintain and develop Nordic 
cooperation  
  Measures based upon 
government-to-government framework agreements, and 
plurilateral agreements, on co-
production of audiovisual works, which confer National Treatment 
to audiovisual works covered by 
these agreements, in particular in relation to distribution and access 
to funding 
 All countries with whom 
cultural cooperation may be desirable (agreements already 
exist, or are being negotiated, 
with the following countries: France, Canada) 
 Indefinite (The promotion 
of cultural links between countries cannot be time 
bound) 
 The aim of these agreements is to 
promote cultural links between the countries concerned 
 
 
__________