WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/REG122/1
8 March 2001
(01-1146)
Committee on Regional Trade Agreements Original:  English
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN GEORGIA AND TURKMENISTAN
The following text reproduces the Agreement on Free Trade between Georgia and
Turkmenistan.
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AGREEMENT ON FREE TRADE BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA
AND THE GOVERNMENT OF TURKMENISTAN
The Government of Georgia and the Government of Turkmenistan, hereinafter referred to as
the "Sides" to the agreement,
Confirm  their tendency towards free development of economic cooperation;
Take into account  integral economic relations between Georgia and Turkmenistan;
Strive  for development of trade and economic cooperation between Georgia and
Turkmenistan on the basis of equality and mutual advantage;
Acknowledge  that free movement of commodity and service requires implementation of
mutually agreed measures;
Proceeding  from the sovereign rights of each Government to carry out independent foreign
economic policy, Sides intend to promote the increase in economic activity, insurance of complete
employment, growth of productivity and rational utilization of recourses;
Strive for promoting the harmonized development and growth of world trade, as well as the
eradication of obstacles to its development.
The Sides agreed  on the following:
Article 1
1. Sides do not impose customs duties taxes and equivalent charges on export and/or import of
commodity originated from the customs area of one of the Sides and designated for the customs area
of another Side.
Exclusion from such trade regime on the agreed commodity nomenclature is generally drawn
up through annual documents that are inherent parts of the present agreement.
2. For objectives and operating period of this agreement, the following commodity is considered
to be originated from the customs area of the Side:WT/REG122/1
Page 2
(a) Commodity fully produced on the territories of the Sides;
(b) Commodity, processed on the territories of the Sides through utilization of raw
materials and associated items of the third country, and relatively having changed the
identity according to the classificaton of commodity nomenclature of foreign
economic activity;
(c) Commodity, produced through utilization of raw materials and associated items noted
in the paragraph (b), provided that its aggregate cost does not exceed the fixed rate of
export part of the realized commodity.
Such rules of the origin of commodity will be agreed by the Sides in the separate document,
which will be the inherent part of the present agreement.
Article 2
Sides will not impose local taxes or charges directly or indirectly on goods, covered by the
present agreement, of another Side, at the rate that exceeds the level of relevant taxes and charges
imposed on analogous goods of the local production or those produced in third countries;
Sides will not introduce special restrictions or demands towards export and import of goods,
covered by the present agreement;  that in similar cases are not used towards analogous goods of the
local production or those produced in third country;
Sides will not use different rules towards warehousing, unloading, storage, shipment of goods
originated on the territory of another Side, as well as towards repayments and remittances, with the
exception of rules that in similar cases are used towards the goods produced in the third country;
Sides will not permit unauthorized re-export of the commodity, towards the export of which
its originator Side applies tariff and non-tariff regulation measures.
Article 3
1. Sides will refrain from carrying out discriminative measures in reciprocal trade as well as
from quantitative restrictions or their equivalent measures on export and/or import of goods within the
framework of the present agreement.
2. Quantitative restrictions, noted in this Article, may be ascertained unilaterally and in strictly
determined terms in the following cases only:
- In the case of sharp commodity deficiency at the domestic market – until stabilization
of balance-of-payments;
- In the case, where any kind of goods are imported into the area of one of the Sides, by
such an increased quantity, or in such conditions that cause the damage or threatening
to inflict damage on domestic producers of similar or directly competitive goods, with
the aim of implementation of the measures provided in Article 6 of this agreement.
3. Sides, which will apply quantitative restrictions in accordance with this Article, will provide
another Side with full information about the reasons for establishment, forms and possible terms of
application of mentioned restrictions;  hence consultations are appointed.
Establishment of such quantitative restrictions is drawn up through the separate protocol in
accordance with this Article.WT/REG122/1
Page 3
Article 4
Repayments and remittances in trade and economic cooperation between the Sides will be
implemented in accordance with mechanisms determined by the central banks of the countries.
Relations concerning repayments and credits are defined through the special agreement.
Article 5
Sides will exchange, on regular basis, information about laws and other regulatory acts
concerning economic activity, trade, investments, taxation, banking and insurance activity as well as
other financial services, transport and customs issues, including customs statistics.
Sides will immediately inform each other about the changes, taking place in the national
legislation, that may affect the implementation of this agreement.
Authorized bodies to the Sides coordinate the rule of exchange of such information.
Article 6
Sides consider that unfair business practice is incompatible with the agreement's objectives
and undertake not to permit, in particular but not exceptionally, the following methods:
- Agreements between enterprises, decisions of their associations and common
methods of business practice that aim to prevent or restrict competition or violate its
conditions at the territories of the Sides;
- Actions, through which one or several enterprises applying their dominant conditions,
restrict competition on the whole areas of the Sides or on the substantial part of the
Side's territory.
Article 7
During implementation of tariff and non-tariff regulation of bilateral economic relations, for
exchange of statistics and for implementation of customs procedures Sides agreed to apply commonnine-digital commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity based on the harmonized system
of description and coding of goods and on the combined tariff and statistic nomenclature of European
Union.  Herewith, in case of necessity, Sides will implement, for their needs, enhancement of
commodity nomenclature beyond the bounds of nine-digits.
Establishment of standard pattern of the commodity nomenclature is generally implemented
on the basis of mutual agreements through representatives in relevant international organizations.
Article 8
1. Sides are agreed that the maintenance of the principle of free transit is the most significant
term for achieving objectives of the present agreement, and the essential element of the process of
their linking up in the system of cooperation and international division of labour.
In this regard, each Side insures free transit, through its territory, of the commodity originated
from the customs area of another Side and/or of the third country and designated for the customs area
of another Side or of the third country.  Each Side will provide exporters, importers or conveyors with
all necessary facilities and services for transit security in terms not worse than the ones with facilities
and services that are given to own exporters, importers and conveyors or those of any other third
country.WT/REG122/1
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2. Rules and conditions for transition of goods through territories of the Sides are regulated in
accordance with the international rules on transportation.
Article 9
This agreement does not prevent the right of any Side to implement the measures adopted in
international practice that are considered to be necessary for protection of the Side's fundamental
interests and that are essential for fulfilment of international agreements, participant of which the Side
is or intends to be, if these measures concern the following:
- Information about interests of national security;
- Trade in weapon, ammunition and military equipment;
- Investigation and production concerning defensive needs;- Supply with materials and equipment applied in nuclear industry;- Protection of public moral and public order;- Protection of industrial and intellectual property;
- Gold, silver or other precious stones and metals;
- Protection of human health, plants, animals and environment;- Protection of works of art, archaeological and historical valuables of national
property;
- Maintenance of irreplaceable natural resources;- Restriction of export of products, when the internal price on such products is lower
than the world price as a result of implementation of governmental assistance
programmes;
- Violation of balance-of-payments.
Article 10
In order to implement agreed policy on export control towards third countries, Sides will hold
regular consultations and take mutually agreed measures for establishing effective export control
system.
Article 11
Provisions of this agreement replace the provisions of bilateral agreement concluded earlier
between the Sides, where these provisions are identical or incompatible.
Article 12
Disputes between Sides concerning interpretation and application of the agreement's
provisions will be settled through negotiations.
Sides will endeavour to avoid conflicts in reciprocal trade.WT/REG122/1
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Sides determine that claims and disputes arising through implementation and interpretation of
commercial contracts and transactions between econom ic entities of both countries are in competence
of arbitrages of the Sides or they are discussed on the territories of third countries in accordance with
the agreement between the Sides, if settlement of such disputes and claims is impossible through
consultations and negotiations.
Each Side insures existence of effective facilities on its territory for recognition and
implementation of arbitrament.
Article 13
In order to implement objectives of the present agreement and to elaborate recommendations
for improvement of trade and economic cooperation between two countries, Sides agreed to establish
the joint Georgia-Turkmenistan Commission, which will take place in Georgia or Turkmenistan
according to the request of one of the Sides.
Article 14
Amendments and annexes may be entered into this agreement and will be drawn up through
separate protocols that will be inherent parts of the present agreement.
Article 15
This agreement comes into effect from the date of exchanging of final notifications on
implementation of all intergovernmental procedures that are necessary for the agreement's coming
into force.  It will remain in force within twelve months since the date, when one of the Sides send the
written notification on the intention of agreement's termination to another one.
Provisions of the present agreement will be applied after its termination to contracts between
enterprises and organizations of both countries that were concluded but not fulfilled during the
operating period of this agreement.
DONE in Tbilisi, on 20 March 1996, in two originals, each in Georgian, Turkman and
Russian languages.  All texts are equally authentic.
Text in Russian language is used in case of disagreement during interpretation of agreement's
provisions.
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