ORGANISATION MONDIALE  
DU COMMERCE  S/DCS/W/NOR 
24 janvier 2003 
 (03-0504) 
Commerce des services Original:   anglais 
 
 
 
 
NORVÈGE 
 
Projet de version codifiée de la Liste d'engagements spécifiques1 
 
 
 On trouvera ci-joint un projet de version codifi ée de la Liste d'engagements spécifiques de la 
Norvège en format Word.  Ce document ne remplace pas les engagements juridiquement 
contraignants souscrits par la Norvège dans sa  Liste d'engagements spécifiques (GATS/SC/66;  
S/L/33;  GATS/SC/66/Suppl.2/Rev.1;  GATS/SC/66/Suppl.3;  GATS/SC/66/Suppl.4).   Est joint au projet de liste codifiée la Liste d'exemptions de l'article II (NPF) de la Norvège 
(GATS/EL/66) en format Word. 
 
 Le projet de version codifiée de la liste et la Liste d'exemptions de l'obligation NPF ont été 
établis par le Secrétariat, à la demande des Memb res, pour faciliter le processus de négociation, y 
compris la présentation des offres initiales. 
 
__________  
 
                                                           
1 Le présent document a été établi, en anglais seulemen t, par le Secrétariat sous sa propre responsabilité 
et sans préjudice des positions des Membres ni de le urs droits et obligations dans le cadre de l'OMC. S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 2 
 
 
  
 
 
Norway reserves its rights to revert with clarif ication with respect to the application of the 
General Agreement on Trade in Services to Svalbard (the Archipelago of Spitsbergen) in the context 
of the laws and regulations prevailing there . 
 
 
  
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 3NORWAY – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL 
COMMITMENTS    
 
 ALL SECTORS 
INCLUDED IN THIS SCHEDULE 
    
 All sectors: Establishment - 
General authorization procedures for acquisition 
  3) Corporations register ed in Norway, where more 
than 1/3 of the voting rights are controlled by non-nationals or foreign controlled companies, 
or where the chairman and the majority of the 
board members are non-nationals, are subject to concession when acquiring real estate or 
entering into certain lease contracts with regard 
to such objects 
  
   Foreigners and foreign controlled companies in 
Norway need a concession  for purchases of real 
property, whether building and/or land, without 
regard to the purpose for which the property 
will be used 
  
   Leases of real property for a period of more 
than 10 years are su bject to concession 
requirement.  If the prop erty is to be used for 
manufacturing purposes, a concession is required without regard to the lease period. 
   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 4 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
  3),4) Foreign citizens residing in Norway who 
 purchase or lease real property for housing, 
 secondary residences and business  activities without a concession, are subject 
 to the condition that the real property is 
 acquired for their own personal use  
   A concession can only be granted when it is not 
contrary to the public interest.  An acquisition is 
normally judged on the impact it will have on 
future activity and employment in the company and the society as a whole. Legislation 
governing acquisitions has traditionally been 
liberally applied.  It authorizes the setting of 
conditions, in a large majority of the cases 
involving over 1/3 of foreign ownership - related to voting shares.  Conditions are largely 
standardized.  Two conditions are regarded as 
important and are stipulated in most cases: a majority of the board and its chairman must be 
Norwegian nationals and, the transactions 
between the Norwegian company and the foreign owner must be based on OECD's 
principle of arm's length prices. 
  
 All sectors: Treatment of 
branches and agencies 3) None 3) Treatment accorded  to subsidiaries of third 
country companies form ed in accordance with 
the law of an EEA Member State and having their registered office, central administration or 
principal place of business within an EEA 
Member State may not be extended to branches or agencies established in an EEA Member 
State by a third-country company   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 5Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
   Treatment less favourable may be accorded to 
subsidiaries of third-c ountry companies formed 
in accordance with the law of an EEA Member 
State having only their registered office in the 
territory of an EEA Member State unless they 
show that they possess an effective and continuous link with the economy of one of the 
EEA Member States  
 All sectors: Formation of 
legal entity - limited liability company, 
foundation 
 3) None 
  3) The managing director in a joint stock 
company, at least half of the founders, of the 
members of the board of directors, of the 
corporate assembly and of the committee of 
representatives must be residents of Norway 
and have resided there for the last two years.  
The Ministry of Industry and Energy may grant exemptions from these rules. 
  
 All sectors: Subsidies (The 
issue of a definition of 
subsidies remains to be 
determined in the context of negotiations under 
Article XV of the GATS) 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) None 
  
 
4) None 1) Unbound 
2) Unbound 
3) Eligibility for subsidies may be limited to 
juridical persons established in Norway.  Unbound for research and development 
subsidies. 
4) Subsidies available to natural persons may be 
limited to Norwegian citizens 
  
 All sectors: Movement of 
personnel 
 4) Unbound, except for the temporary presence 
and without requiring compliance with an 
economic needs test of categories A and B 
below: 
 4) Unbound except for m easures concerning the 
categories of natural persons referred to in the 
market access column.   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 6 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 A. Managers and executives, specialists as intra-
corporate transferees, provided that the service 
supplier is the corporation to which these are attached.  Temporary en try, stay and work 
limited to a two year period. 
  
 
  Executives/managers  - persons working in a 
senior position within a juridical person, who 
primarily direct the management of the 
establishment, receiving general supervision or direction principally from the board of 
directors or stockholders of the business or 
their equivalent, including:  
 
 - directing the establishment or a department or 
subdivision of the establishment; 
- supervising and controlling the work of other 
supervisory, professional or managerial 
employees;   
 -  having the authority personally to hire and fire 
or recommend hiring, firing or other personnel 
actions. 
   
  Specialists  - persons working within a 
juridical person who possess uncommon knowledge essential to the establishment's 
service, research equipment, techniques or 
management.  In assessing such knowledge, account will be taken not only of the 
knowledge specific to the establishment, but 
also whether the person has a high level of qualification referring to a type of work or 
trade requiring specific technical knowledge, 
including membership in an accredited 
profession. 
  
  
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 7Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 B. Business visitors.  Temporary entry, stay and 
work limited to a three month period 
   
  Business visitors  -  
 
a) persons who are representatives of a service 
supplier and are seeking temporary entry for the purpose of negotiating for the sale of 
services or entering into agreements to sell 
services for that servi ce supplier, where those 
representatives will not be engaged in making 
direct sales to the general public or in 
supplying services themselves.  
 
 b) persons working in a senior position, as 
defined above, within a juridical person, who are responsible for the setting up in Norway of 
a commercial presence of  a service supplier of 
a Party when: 
- the representatives are not engaged in making 
direct sales or supplying services, and 
- the service supplier has no other 
representative, branch or subsidiary in 
Norway. 
  
 
 4) Unbound, except for the temporary presence 
of natural persons providing services without 
being employed by a juridical person who has commercial presence in Norway.  Compliance 
with an economic needs test is not required.  
Access is subject to the following conditions: 
 4) Unbound except for m easures concerning the 
categories of natural persons referred to in the 
market access column.  
 -  A work permit must be obtained. 
    S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 8 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
  A work permit must be issued to a natural 
person who is considered to be a higher-level 
skilled worker or to have special qualifications.  During his/her stay in Norway, 
the natural person will have to be   
 
  employed by the recipi ent of the service.  The 
competence of the natural person must be deemed absolutely necessary for the recipient 
of the service.  If it is apparent that there will 
be a permanent need for such labour, or if during the last six months a  permit has been 
issued for the performan ce of the same kind of 
work for the same recipient of the service, a 
permit shall not be granted.  
 
 - The temporary entry and stay shall be limited 
to three months in any twelve-month period or 
for the duration of the contract, whatever is 
less. 
- The commitment relates only to the service 
activity which is the subject of the contract. It 
does not entitle to exercise the profession as such. 
- All other requirements regarding entry, stay, 
wages, working conditions and social security benefits shall continue to apply.  
 
 - The service has to be provided within one of 
the subsectors listed below in the sector column and subject to additional limitations 
mentioned in the subsector concerned.   
  
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 9Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
Accounting review services  
(CPC 86212) 
Business tax planning and consulting services  
(CPC 86301) 
Advertising services  (CPC 871) 
Management consulting  
services  (CPC 865) 
Technical testing and analysis  
services  
(CPC 8676)   
 
Travel Agency and Tour  
operator services  (CPC 7471)  - Unbound, except for tour managers (persons 
whose function is to accompany a tour group of a minimum of 10 persons, without acting as 
guides in specific locations).    S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 10 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
II. SECTOR  SPECIFIC 
COMMITMENTS    
 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES     
A. Professional Services  
    
(a) Legal services - legal 
advice on foreign law 
(concerned parts of CPC 
861) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) The advocate is personally responsible for his 
activities.  To have an interest (own shares 
and/or be a member of the board of the firm) 
in a firm of Norwegian advocates is only possible when taking active part in the 
business. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Foreign advocates can give advice on foreign 
law and international law after application.  
Some restrictions on co-operation with 
Norwegian advocates as a consequence of legislation on how a firm of Norwegian 
advocates may be organized. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  As for 3), but no restrictions on advice 
on a strictly occasional basis. 
  
(b) Accounting, auditing and 
bookkeeping services  
 (CPC 862)     
- Auditing services by 
registered and licensed auditors 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Public certification required based on 
Norwegian exam and 2 years experience in 
Norway.  Audit reports must be drafted in Norwegian Permanent residence in Norway 
required. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  As 3).   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 11Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
- Accounting and 
bookkeeping services 1) Accounting shall take place in Norway.  The 
King may decide that accounting takes place 
abroad. 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
 
 2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  For authorized accountants, permanent 
residence in Norway required, and a minimum 
of 2 years practice in Norway during the 5 preceding years. 
  
(c) Taxation services 
 (CPC 863) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(d) Architectural services 
 (CPC 8671) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(e) Engineering services 
 (CPC 8672) 
    
- Advisory and consultative 
engineering, engineering 
design services etc. 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 12 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(f) Integrated engineering 
services (CPC 8673) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
(g) Urban planning and 
landscape architectural services  
 (CPC 8674) 
  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(h) Medical and dental services 
(CPC 9312) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Must speak Norwegian and have passed certain 
national exams in different areas.  Foreign exams giving equivalent competence may be 
recognized. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  As 3). 
  
(i) Veterinary services  
 (CPC 932) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Foreign exams giving equivalent 
competence may be recognized. 
  
(j) Deliveries and related 
services, nursing services, 
physiotherapeutic and para-medical services 
 (CPC 93191) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. Must speak Norwegian and have 
passed certain national exams in different areas.  
Foreign exams giving equivalent competence 
may be recognized.   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 13Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
B. Computer and Related 
Services  
    
(a) Consultancy services 
related to the installation of 
computer hardware 
 (CPC 841)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
(b) Software implementation 
services (CPC 842) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(c) Data processing services 
 (CPC 843) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(d) Data base services 
 (CPC 844) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
(e) Maintenance and repair 
services for office equipment including 
computers and other 
computer services 
 (CPC 845, CPC 849) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 14 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
C. Research and Development 
Services  
    
(b) R&D services on social 
sciences and humanities 
 (CPC 852) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
D. Real Estate Services  
    
(b) Real Estate Services on a 
fee or contract basis 
 (CPC 822) 
    
- Real estate agency 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Upon request, education/examination 
from abroad may be accepted. 
  
- Real estate agent 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Upon request, education/examination 
from abroad may be accepted. 
   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 15Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
E. Rental/Leasing Services 
without Operators  
    
a), b), c) Relating to ships, 
 aircraft, other transport 
 equipment  
  (CPC 83102, CPC 
 83103, CPC 83104, 
 CPC 83105) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None other than:  to be registered in the 
aircraft register of Norway, the aircraft must be owned either by Norwegian natural persons 
or by Norwegian juridical persons 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(c) Car-hiring (CPC 83101) 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
(d) Non-transport: 
    
- computers, 
construction/demolition 
 (CPC 83107, CPC 83108) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
F. Other Business Services  
    
(a) Advertising services 
 (CPC 871) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 16 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(b) Market research and public 
opinion polling services 
(CPC 864) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(c),(d) Management and 
 administrative services 
 (including 
 management,  consultancy) 
  (CPC 865, CPC 866) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(e) Technical testing and 
analysis services  
 (CPC 8676) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
(f),(g) Advisory and 
 consulting services  related to agriculture, 
 forestry and fishing 
 (concerned parts of  CPC 88) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(i) Advisory and consulting 
services related to 
manufacturing  
 (CPC 884, CPC 885) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(k) Placement and supply 
services of personnel 
     
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 17Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
- Labour recr uitment and 
provision of personnel 
(nationals and residents with work permit) 
(concerned parts of  
 CPC 872) 1) As 3) 
2) None 
3) Government monopoly on labour
 placement.  
 Exceptions can be granted to private labour 
agencies for the placemen t of musicians, au-
pairs, workers over 60 years old and in relation to social work.  Exceptions can 
further be granted to bodies which, in co-
operation with the Labour Market Administration, will work with labour 
placement without profit.  Labour hiring
 is 
forbidden, exceptions can be made to labour 
hiring firms within areas such as accountancy, 
office and secretary work. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
- Executive search services 
 (CPC 87201) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
l) Investigation and security 
activities (CPC 873) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) Manager must be a Norwegian citizen resident 
in Norway 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  As 3). 
  
(m) Related scientific and 
technical consulting 
services (concerned parts  
of CPC 8675 not relating to 
offshore activities) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 18 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(n) Maintenance and repair of 
equipment (not including 
maritime vessels, aircraft or other transport equipment) 
 (CPC 633, concerned parts 
of 88) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
   
(o) Building-cleaning services 
(CPC 874) 1) Unbound∗ 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 
  
(p) Photographic services 
 (CPC 875) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in  the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
(q) Packaging services 
 (CPC 876) 
 1) Unbound∗ 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(r) Printing and publishing 
 (parts of CPC 88) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
                                                           
 ∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.  
  
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 19Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(t) Other 
    
- Exhibition management 
services (parts of CPC 87909) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
- Interior design (concerned 
parts of CPC 87907) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
  
2. COMMUNICATION 
SERVICES 
    
B. Courier Services  
 (CPC 7512) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) No limitations except as specified for 
transportation services 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
C. Telecommunication 
Services  
    
(a) Voice telephony 
(b) Packet-switched data 
transmission services 
(c) Circuit-switched data 
transmission  
(d) Telex services 
(e) Telegraph services 
(f) Facsimile services 
(g) Leased circuit services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
commitments 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal 
commitments Norway undertakes  
additional commitments as  
contained in the  
attachment, all parts of  which are equally binding.  S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 20 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 
(o) Other 
-  Mobile and personal 
communications services 
and systems 
    
- Value-added services 
(excludes voice telephony, 
telegraph and telex, packet- 
and circuit-switched data services, mobile radio 
telephony, paging and 
satellite services) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND 
RELATED ENGINEERING 
SERVICES 
    
A. General Construction Work 
for Buildings  
 (CPC 512)  
B. General Construction Work 
for Civil Engineering  
 (CPC 513) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  A building contractor and the 
supervisor in charge of the work must have lived in Norway for at  least one year and 
continue to be a resident in Norway.  
Exceptions are granted under special circumstances.  If the contractor moves from 
Norway, the applicant will not be approved 
before residency is resumed. 
   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 21Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
C. Installation and Assembly 
Work  
 (CPC 514, CPC 516) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  For electrical work, plumbing and 
water sanitation, foreign exams giving equivalent competence may be recognized on a 
case by case basis. 
  
D. Building Completion and 
Finishing Work   
 (CPC 517) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  A building contractor and the 
supervisor in charge of the work must have lived in Norway for at  least one year and 
continue to be a resident in Norway.  
Exceptions are granted under special circumstances.  If the contractor moves from 
Norway, the applicant will not be approved 
before residency is resumed.   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 22 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
E. Other  
    
- Pre-erection work at 
construction sites  
 (CPC 511) 
- Special trade construction 
work 
 (CPC 515) 
- Renting services relating to 
equipment for construction/demolition of 
buildings/civil engineering 
works, with operator  
 (CPC 518) 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  A building contractor and the supervisor in charge of the work must have 
lived in Norway for at  least one year and 
continue to be a resident in Norway.  Exceptions are granted under special 
circumstances.  If the contractor moves from 
Norway, the applicant will not be approved 
before residency is resumed. 
  
4. DISTRIBUTION 
SERVICES 
    
B. Wholesale Trade Services  
(Import and trade in 
alcohol, arms, pharmaceuticals, fish and 
grain exempted) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
C. Retailing Services  
 (Import and trade in 
pharmaceutical products, alcohol and arms 
exempted) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) 2 years prior residency in Norway required for 
the manager of the branch of a foreign company 
and for the majority of the board members of a 
foreign controlled company 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  2 years prior residency in Norway 
required for the manager of the branch of a 
foreign company.   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 23Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
D. Franchising  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section   
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
    
 Educational services 
leading to the conferring of State recognized exams 
and/or degrees 
 
- Primary and lower 
secondary education services 
 
- Upper secondary education 
services 
 
 Higher education services  
 Adult education 
 1) As 3) 
2) None 3) Primary and secondary education are public 
service functions.  Authorization may be given 
to foundations and other legal entities to offer 
additional parallel or specialized education on 
a commercial or non-commercial basis.  Financial assistance to educational institutions 
or to students only available for studies at 
certified establishments. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
 
 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  Teaching qualifications from abroad 
may be recognized, and an exam must be passed. 
  
 Educational services not 
leading to the conferring of 
State recognized exams and/or degrees 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 24 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
6. ENVIRONMENTAL 
SERVICES 
    
 These commitments do not include public se rvice functions whether owned and operated or  contracted out by local, regional or c entral government. 
A. Sewage Services  
 (CPC 9401)  1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
B. Refuse Disposal Services  
 (CPC 9402) 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) For some categories of waste there exists a 
monopoly situation 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
C. Sanitation and Similar 
Services  
 (CPC 9403) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
D. Other    
  
 
- Noise abatement services 
 (CPC 9405) 
- Nature and landscape 
protection services 
 (CPC 9406) 
- Other environmental 
protection services  
 (CPC 9409) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 25Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
- Cleaning services of 
exhaust gases 
 (CPC 9404) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Government owned monopoly for control 
services of exhaust-gas from cars and trucks.  
Such services must be offered on a non-profit 
basis. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES 
 
i. Norway undertakes commitments on financia l services in accordance with the "Understanding on Commitments in Financial Servic es" (the Understanding). 
 
ii. The market access commitments in respect of modes 1) and 2) apply to the transactions indicated in paragraphs B.3 and B.4 o f the market access section of the 
Understanding respectively. 
 
iii. The restrictions and limitations listed in the schedule under mode 1) apply to regulatory measures directed towards non-re sident financial service suppliers established 
outside the European Economic Area.  The limitations listed in the schedule under mode 2) apply to regulatory measures directed  towards financial service consumers 
residing in Norway. 
 
iv. The following restrictions and limitations apply:  S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 26 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
A. Insurance and Insurance-
Related Services  
 1) Non-resident insurance companies must 
supply the services listed in paragraph  B.3(a) 
of the Understanding through an insurance broker authorized in Norway. 
2) None. 1) None. 
 
  
2) None.  
 3) No single or coordinated group of investors 
may acquire or hold more than 10 per cent of the share capital in a Norwegian insurance 
company. The Ministry of Finance and 
Customs may in special circumstances make exemptions from these limitations on single 
investor ownership. 
 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, foreign 
insurance companies may establish partly or wholly owned subsidiaries in Norway.  The 
other owners of such partly owned 
subsidiaries must be foreign insurance companies or Norwegian financial institutions. 
 
 For subsidiaries or branches of financial 
institutions not incorporated within the 
European Economic Area, a separation 
requirements applies between life insurance, non-life insurance and cr edit risk insurance. 
 
 Insurance companies in corporated in Norway 
must be organized as joint stock companies or 
mutual insurance companies. Insurance 
brokerage firms incorpor ated in Norway must 
be organized as joint stock companies. 
 3) In Norwegian insurance companies, including 
subsidiaries of foreign insurance companies, the manager, at least half the members of the board 
of directors and half the members of the 
corporate assembly must be permanent residents of Norway. This requirement does not 
apply to citizens of a st ate within the European 
Economic Area when resi ding in such state. 
The Ministry of Industry and Trade may grant 
exemptions from these rules.  Until changes in Norwegian corporate legislation come into 
force (approved by Parliament 27 May 1997), 
the following limitations continue to apply:  The residence requiremen t apply also to the 
committee of represen tatives. The members 
concerned must have resided in Norway for the last two years. 
 
 Foreign financial institutions other than 
insurance companies, cannot own shares in a 
Norwegian insurance company which is a partly 
owned subsidiary of a foreign insurance company.  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 27Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
B. Banking and Other 
Financial Services  
(excluding insurance) 1) None. 
2) None. 
3) No single or coordinated group of investors 
may acquire or hold more than 10 per cent of 
the share capital of commercial banks or 
financing undertakings,  or more than 10 per cent of the equity certificates of savings 
banks.  The Ministry of Finance and Customs 
may in special circumstances make exemptions from these limitations on single 
investor ownership in such institutions. 
 
 Notwithstanding the foregoing, foreign banks 
and financing undertakings may establish partly or wholly owned subsidiaries in 
Norway. The other owners of such partly 
owned subsidiaries must be banks or financial institutions respectively. 
 
 Registration of securities, as stated in the act 
relating to the Norwegian Securities Registry 
regulating the book-entry registration system 
for paperless securities, is subject to a monopoly. 
 
 Commercial banks, securities firms and 
management companies for collective 
investment funds incorporated in Norway 
must be organized as joint stock companies. 
 
 Branches in Norway of banks, securities firms 
and management companies for collective 
investment funds incorporated outside the 
European Economic Area cannot be account-operators in the Norwegian Securities 
Registry. 
 1) None. 
2) None. 
3) In Norwegian commercial banks, financing 
undertakings, securities firms and management 
companies for collectiv e investment funds, 
including subsidiaries of such foreign institutions, the manager, at least half the 
members of the board of directors and half the 
members of the corporate assembly must be permanent residents of Norway. This 
requirement does not apply to citizens of a state 
within the European Economic Area when 
residing in such state. The Ministry of Industry 
and Trade may grant exemptions from these rules. Until changes in Norwegian corporate 
legislation come into force (approved by 
Parliament 27 May 1997), the following limitations continue to apply:  The residence 
requirement apply also  to the committee of 
representatives. The members concerned must have resided in Norway for the last two years. 
 
 In savings banks and financing undertakings 
which are not organized as joint stock 
companies, the members of decision-making 
bodies must be citizens of states within the European Economic Area and permanently 
residing in such states.  The Ministry of Finance 
and Customs may grant exemptions from these rules. 
   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 28 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section.  
9. TOURIMS AND TRAVEL 
RELATED SERVICES 
    
A. Hotels and Restaurants  
    
 Hotels, camping sites and 
other commercial 
accommodations, 
restaurants, cafes, pubs, 
bars (CPC 641,CPC 642, 
CPC 643) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
B. Travel Agencies and Tour 
Operators Services  
 (CPC 7471) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
C. Tourist Guides Services  
 (CPC 7472)  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
10. RECREATIONAL, 
CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES 
    
B. News Agency Services  
 (CPC 962) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 29Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES    
A. Maritime Transport  
    
 International transport 
(freight and passengers) CPC 7211 and 7212 less
 
cabotage transport 1) 1) None 
2) None 3) (a) Ships on the Norwegian Ordinary Ship 
 Register (NOR).  Ships have to be owned 
 by Norwegian citizens or by a Norwegian  company where Norwegian citizens own 
 at least 60 per cent of the capital. 
  Exemptions from the 60 per cent rule may 
 be granted. 
 1) None 
2) None 3) (a) NOR:  When the ship-owning company is a 
 limited liability company, it must be 
 headquartered in Norw ay.  The majority of 
 the members of the board, including the 
 chairman, must be Norwegian citizens 
 resident in Norway, having resided in  Norway the preceding two years.  Support 
 scheme for parts of the NOR-fleet.  
  (b) Ships on the Norwegian International 
 Ship Register (NIS):  None  (b) NIS:  Ships with more than 40 per cent 
 foreign ownership must be operated by a 
 Norwegian ship-owning company with  head office in Norway, or by Norwegian 
 management company.  If the ship is 
 registered directly in the NIS by a foreign  company, a Norwegian representative is 
 required.  
  (c) Other forms of commercial presence:  
 (2) None  (c) Other forms of commercial presence:  
 (2) None  
 4) (a) Ships' crew NO R:  Unbound except as 
 indicated in the ho rizontal section. 
 (b) Ships' crew NIS:  Unbound except as 
 indicated in the ho rizontal section. 
  (c) Shore personnel:  Unbound except as 
  indicated in the horizontal section 4) (a) NOR:  None 
  (b) NIS:  None, except for the captain who 
 must be a Norwegian citizen.  Exemptions 
 from this rule may be granted. 
 (c) Shore personnel:  None   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 30 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
Cabotage transport (1) Not included in this offer.   
Maritime auxiliary services:    
 Maritime cargo handling 
services (3) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
- Storage and warehousing 
services (CPC 742);  
customs clearance services 
(4);  container station and depot services (5) 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) None   
- Maritime agency services 
(6);  freight forwarding 
services (7) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None 
  
- Other supporting auxiliary 
transport services (8) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) None   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 31Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
Auxiliary services as required  
by maritime transport operators:   The following services are  
made available to  
international maritime  transport suppliers on  
reasonable and non- 
discriminatory terms and  conditions: 
 
1. Pilotage 2. Towing and tug 
assistance 
3. Provisioning, fuelling, 
watering 
   4. Garbage collecting, 
ballast waste disposal 
5. Port Captain's services 
6. Navigation aids 
7. Shore-based 
operational services 
essential to ship 
operations, including communications, 
water, electrical 
supplies 
   8. Emergency repair 
facilities 
9. Anchorage, berth, 
berthing services 
10. Container handling, 
storage and warehousing, freight 
transport.  S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 32 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
   Where the road, rail,  
coastal shipping and  
related auxiliary services  
are not otherwise fully  
covered in this schedule, a  
multimodal transport  
operator shall have the  
ability to rent, hire or  
charter trucks, railway  
carriages and relate  
equipment, for the purpose 
of onward forwarding of 
international cargoes 
carried by sea, or have 
access to and use of these 
forms of transport services 
for the purpose of 
providing multimodal 
transport services.  
C. Air Transport Services   (Definitions of services are fo und in the Air Transport Annex) 
 
- Computer reservations 
systems (CRS) services 1) None 
 
 
 2) None 1) Unbound for obligations of parent or 
participating carriers in respect of a CRS 
controlled by an air carrier of one or more third 
countries 
2) None  
 3) None 
 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 3) Unbound for obligations of parent or 
participating carriers in respect of a CRS 
controlled by an air carrier of one or more third countries 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 33Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
- Selling and marketing of air 
transport services 1) None 
 
 2) None 
3) None 
 1) Unbound for distribution through CRS of air 
transport services provided by CRS parent 
carrier. 
2) None 
3) Unbound for distribution through CRS of air 
transport services provided by CRS parent carrier.  
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section   
- Aircraft repair and 
maintenance services 
 
 1) Unbound∗ 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound* 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
E. Rail Transport Services  
    
(c) Pushing and towing 
services (CPC 7113) 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
(d) Maintenance and repair of 
rail transport equipment  
 (CPC 8868)1 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
 1) Unbound* 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section  
                                                           
 ∗ Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. 
 1 Service specific constitutes only a part of the total range of activities covered by the CPC concordance.   S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 34 
Modes of supply:  1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(e) Supporting services for rail 
transport services 
 (CPC 743) 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section   
F. Road Transport Services  
    
a),b) Passenger and freight 
 transportation  
  (CPC 7121, CPC 7122, 
 CPC 7123;  not 
 including cabotage) 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Passenger transportation shuttle services and 
other regular trips require establishment, 
economic needs test is based on traffic 
criterium 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Requirement on established entities to use 
vehicles with national registration 
 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 
  
(e) Supporting services for 
road transport services 
 (CPC 744) 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section   S/DCS/W/NOR 
 Page 35 
 
 
  
 Additional Commitment by Norway  
 
Scope  
 The following are definitions an d principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services.  
Definitions
 
 Users
 mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 Essential facilities
 mean facilities of a public telecommunica tions transport network and service that 
 
 (a) are exclusively or predominantly provide d by a single or limited number of suppliers; 
and 
  (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a    s e r v i c e .  
 
A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having 
regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of: 
  (a) control over essential facilities;  or  
 (b) use of its position in the market. 
 1. Competitive safeguards
 
 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
 
Appropriate measures shall be ma intained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or 
together, are a major supplier  from engaging in or continui ng anti-competitive practices. 
 1.2 Safeguards
 
 
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:   (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;     (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and 
 
 (c) not making available to other servi ces suppliers on a timely basis technical  information 
about essential facilities an d commercially relevant inform ation which are necessary for 
them to provide services.  
 
2. Interconnection
 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public teleco mmunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and  to acce ss services provided by another supplier. 
 S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 36 
 
 
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
  Within the limits of permitted market access , interconnection with a major supplier will be 
ensured at any technically feas ible point in the network.  Such interconnection is provided
1: 
  (a) under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including tec hnical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated se rvice suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates
2; 
  (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, co nditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and suffi ciently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for 
network components or facilities  that it does not require for the service to be provided;  
and 
  (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
 
2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
 
  The procedures applicable for interconnec tion to a major supplier will be made publicly 
 available.  
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
  It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly availa ble either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.  
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
 
  A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
  (a) at any time or 
 
 (b) after a reasonable period of time  which has been made publicly known 
 to an independent domestic body, which may be a regu latory body as referred to  in paragraph 5 below, 
to resolve disputes regarding a ppropriate terms, cond itions and rates for interconnection within a 
reasonable period of time, to the extent that  these have not been established previously. 
 
                                                           
     1 Suppliers of services or networks not generally avai lable to the public, such as closed user groups, have 
guaranteed rights to connect with the publ ic telecommunications transport netw ork or services on terms, conditions 
and rates which are non-discriminatory, transparent and cost-oriented.  Such  terms, conditions and rates may, 
however, vary from the terms, conditions and rates applicable to interconnection between public 
telecommunications networks or services. 
     2  Different terms, conditions and rates may be set in No rway for operators in differe nt market segments, on the 
basis of non-discriminatory and transparent national licensing provisions, where such differences can be 
objectively justified because these services are not cons idered 'like services'.  S/DCS/W/NOR 
 Page 37 
 
 
 3. Universal service  
  Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and comp etitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.       4. Public availability of licensing criteria
 
 
 Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally require d to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence  and 
 
 (b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences. 
  The reasons for the denial of a licence w ill be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 5. Independent regulators
 
 
 The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services.  The decisions of and th e procedures used by regulators shall be impartial 
with respect to all market participants.  6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
 
 Any procedures for the allocation and use of sc arce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current state of alloca ted frequency bands will  be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government us es is not required. 
 
_______________ S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 38 
 
 
ATTACHMENT  
 
NOTES TO MARITIME TRANSPORT  
 
 "Reasonable and non-discriminatory terms a nd conditions" means, for the purpose of 
multimodal transport operations, the ability of the multimodal transport operator to arrange for the 
conveyance of its merchandise on a timely basis, in cluding priority over other merchandise which has 
entered the port at a later date.  A "multimodal tr ansport operator" means the person on whose behalf 
the bill of lading/multimodal transport document, or any other document evidencing a contract of 
multimodal carriage of goods, is issued and who is responsible for the carriage of goods pursuant to 
the contract of carriage.  1. "Cabotage" is defined as maritime transp ort of goods and passengers between ports in 
Norway, including locations on the continental shelf where petroleum is explored or produced. 
 
2. "Other forms of commercial presence for the supply of international maritime transport 
services" means the ability for international maritime  transport service suppliers of the other members 
to undertake locally all activities which are necessary fo r the supply to their customers of a partially or 
fully integrated transport service, within which the maritime transport constitutes a substantial 
element.  (This commitment shall however not be construed as limiting in any manner the 
commitments undertaken under the cross-border mode of delivery).   These activities include, but are not limited to:   (a) marketing and sales of maritime tran sport and related services through direct 
 contact with customers, from quotation to invoicing, these services being 
those  operated or offered by the service supplier itself or by service suppliers with 
which  the service seller has establish ed standing business arrangements; 
  (b) the acquisition, on their own account or on behalf of their customers (and the 
resale  to their customers) of any trans port and related services, including inward 
transport  services by any mode, particular ly inland waterways, road and rail, 
necessary for  the supply of the integrated service; 
  (c) the preparation of documentation concerning transport documents, customs 
 documents, or other documents related to the origin and character of the 
goods  transported; 
  (d) the provision of business informati on by any means, including computerized 
 information systems and electronic data  interchange (subject to the provisions 
of the  Annex on telecommunications); 
 
 (e) the setting of any business arrangements (including participation in the stock 
of a  company) and the appointment of personnel recruited locally (or, in the case of  foreign personnel, subject to th e horizontal commitment on movement of 
personnel)  with any locally established shipping agency; 
 
 (f) acting on behalf of the companies, organizing the call of the ship or taking 
over  cargoes when required. 
  S/DCS/W/NOR 
 Page 39 
 
 
 3. "Maritime cargo handling services" means ac tivities exercised by stevedore companies, 
including terminal operators, but not including the di rect activities of dockers, when this workforce is 
organized independently of the stevedoring or te rminal operator companies.  The activities covered 
include the organization and supervision of: 
  - the loading/discharging of cargo to/from a ship;  - the lashing/unlashing of cargo;  - the reception/delivery and safekeeping of cargoes before shipment or after 
 discharge. 
 4. "Customs clearance services" (alternativ ely "customs house brokers' services") means 
activities consisting in carrying out on behalf of a nother party customs formalities concerning import, 
export or through transport of cargoes, whether this service is the main activity of the service provider or a usual complement of its main activity. 
 
5. "Container station and depot services" mean s activities consisting in storing containers, 
whether in a port area or inland, with a view to their stuffing/stripping, repairing, and making them available for shipments.  
6. "Maritime agency services" means the activiti es consisting in representing, within a given 
geographic area, as an agent the business interests of one or more shipping lines or shipping 
companies, for the following purposes:   - marketing and sales of maritime transport and related services, from 
quotation to  invoicing, and issuance of bills of lading on behalf of the companies; 
acquisition  and resale of the necessary related services, preparation of 
documentation, and  provision of business information; 
  - acting on behalf of the companies organizing the call of the ship or taking 
over  cargoes when required. 
 
7. "Freight forwarding services" means the activ ity consisting of orga nizing and monitoring 
shipment operations on behalf of shippers, throug h the acquisition of transport and related services, 
preparation of documentation and pr ovision of business information. 
 
8. "Other supporting and auxi liary transport services" means freight brokerage services; bill 
auditing and freight rate information services;  tr ansportation document preparation services;  packing 
and crating and unpacking and de-crating services;   freight inspection, weighing and sampling 
services; and freight receiving and acceptance servi ces (including local pick-up and delivery). 
 
__________  S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 40 
NORWAY – FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS 
 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Road transport: 
Passenger and Freight 
 Provisions of existing and future 
road transport agreements with 
one or more countries to reserve traffic rights for carriage 
to/from Norway and between 
third countries concerned.  Road cabotage can also be allowed for 
specific countries 
 All countries 
 Indefinite 
 Regional specificity of road transport 
services 
 
Audiovisual services:  Transmission of 
audiovisual programmes 
to the public  Measures that are taken for the 
implementation and in 
conformity with the regulations 
such as the EC Television Broadcasting Directive (No. 
89/552) and which define 
programmes of European origin 
in order to extend national 
treatment to audiovisual programmes meeting specific 
origin criteria 
 Parties to the Council of Europe 
Convention on Transfrontier 
Television or other European 
countries with whom an agreement may be concluded 
 Indefinite 
 The promotion of cultural identity 
within the broadcasting sector in 
Europe, as well as achievement of 
certain linguistic policy objectives  
Audiovisual services:  
Motion picture and video 
tape production and distribution services 
 To confer national treatment on 
audiovisual works through 
government-to-government framework agreements on film 
co-production.  Such works may 
in some cases receive access to funding when this would not 
otherwise be available to co-
production.  All countries (existing 
agreement with the United 
Kingdom)  Indefinite 
 The aim of such agreements is to 
promote cultural links between the 
countries concerned   
  S/DCS/W/NOR
 Page 41Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Audiovisual services:  Production and distribution of 
cinematographic works 
and television programmes in Nordic countries 
 Measures that are adopted for 
the implementation of benefits in conformity with such support 
programmes as the NORDIC 
FILM and TV FUND in order to enhance production and 
distribution of audiovisual 
works produced in Nordic 
countries 
 Finland, Norway, Sweden, 
Iceland and Denmark  Indefinite 
 Preservation and promotion of the 
regional identity of the countries concerned 
 
Audiovisual services:  
Production and 
distribution of 
cinematographic works and television programmes 
 Measures that are adopted for 
the implementation of benefits 
in conformity with such support 
programmes as MEDIA and EURIMAGES to audiovisual 
programmes and suppliers to 
these programmes, meeting specific European origin criteria 
 European countries 
 Indefinite 
 Preservation and promotion of the 
regional identity of the countries 
concerned 
 
All sectors  Measures aimed at promoting 
Nordic co-operation, such as: 
 
- guarantees and loans to 
investment projects 
and exports (The 
Nordic Investment Bank); 
 
- financial support to 
R&D projects (The 
Nordic Industrial Fund); 
 Denmark, Sweden, Finland, 
Iceland and Norway 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 Indefinite 
 To maintain and develop Nordic co-
operation 
  S/DCS/W/NOR 
Page 42 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency 
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
 - funding of feasibility 
studies for international projects 
(The Nordic Fund for 
Project Exports); 
 
- financial assistance to 
companies* utilizing 
environmental 
technology (The Nordic Environment 
Finance Co-operation)  
  
 
  
 
 
(*) Applies to East European 
companies, which are co-operating with one or more 
Nordic companies. 
   
CRS and sales and 
marketing of air transport 
services 
 The obligations of CRS system 
vendors or of parent and 
participating air carriers shall 
not apply where equivalent treatment is not accorded in the 
country of origin of the parent 
carrier or of the system vendor  All countries where a CRS 
system vendor or a parent air 
carrier is located 
 Indefinite 
 The need for the exemption results 
from the insufficient development of 
multilaterally agreed rules for the 
operation of CRS  
 
__________