WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/DCS/W/ROM
24 January 2003
(03-0554)
Trade in Services Original:  English
ROMANIA
Draft consolidated Schedule of Specific Commitments1
Attached is a draft consolidated version of the Schedule of Specific Commitments of
Romania in word format.  This document  does not substitute for the legally binding commitments
undertaken by Romania in its Schedule of Specific Commitments (GATS/SC/72;
GATS/SC/72/Suppl.1; GATS/SC/72/Suppl.2)
Attached to the draft consolidated schedule is Romania's Article II (MFN) Exemption List
(GATS/EL/72) in word format.
The draft consolidated version of the Schedule and the MFN Exemption List were prepared
by the Secretariat, at the request of Members, to facilitate the process of negotiations, including the
presentation of initial offers.
_______________
                                                          
1 This document has been prepared, in English only, under the Secretariat's own responsibility and without
prejudice to the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 2ROMANIA – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS
INCLUDEDIN THIS SCHEDULE
(a) The right to own land 3),4) Natural persons not having Romanian
citizenship and residence in Romania, as wellas legal persons not having Romaniannationality and their headquarters in Romania,cannot acquire ownership over any kind ofland plots, through inter vivos acts
(b) Legislation on commercial
companies3) The sole administrator or the Chairman of
the Board of Administration as well ashalf of the total number of administratorsof the commercial companies shall beRomanian citizens unless otherwisestipulated in the company contract or in
its statutes.  The majority of the
commercial companies’ auditors and theirdeputies shall be Romanian citizens.
(c) Participation of foreign
investors in privatization of
commercial companies1Unbound Unbound
                                                          
1 Thirty per cent of the capital of the State owned commercial companies has been distributed free of charge to Romanian citizen s through "Ownership Certificates" which cannot be
sold to foreign legal and natural persons.
The remaining 70 per cent of the capital of these companies is to be put on sale.
Within the privatization process the foreign investors can buy as sets and shares of commercial companies. Romanian legal and na tural persons have a priority right in this respect.
Under privatization through the MEBO method (Management-Employee-Bu y-Out) the right to purchase a commercial company is reserve d for its employees.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 3Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(d) Presence of personnel 4) Unbound, except for the entry and
temporary stay in Romania ofnatural persons serving inmanagement and expert jobs
2
necessary to operate the foreign
investment4) None, only for those categories of natural
persons indicated in the market accesscolumn
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS*
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
(a) Legal services (CPC 861) 1) None
2) None3) Unbound4) Unbound1) None
2) None3) Unbound4) Unbound
 
(d)&(g) Architectural and
urban planning services(CPC 8671-8674)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(e) Advisory and consultative
engineering services (CPC86721)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
                                                          
2 Natural persons serving in management jobs are those persons with relevant higher education who, within an organization, have the task to manage this organization or one of
its departments or divisions.
Natural persons serving in expert jobs are those persons who have university degrees in the speciality of the position they occ upy.
* Commitments are generally classified in accordance with the Serv ices Sectoral Classification (GATT document MTN/GNS/W/120 of 1 0 July 1991).
The correspondence with the Provisional Central Product Classification List published by the United Nations in 1991, provided i n brackets, is an indicative one.
 S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 4Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Engineering design services
for mechanical andelectrical installations forbuildings(CPC 86723)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
B. Computer and Related
Services
(a) Consultancy services
related tothe installation of computer
hardware
(CPC 841)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(b) Software development and
implementation services(CPC 842)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(c) Data processing services
and data-entry (CPC 843)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(d) Data-base services (CPC
844)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(d)&(e) Computer services
which are an integral part
of the delivery of services
of other categories (CPC845+849)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures sectionS/DCS/W/ROM
Page 5Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
F. Other Business Services
(c)&(d) Consultancy services
on management andservices related toconsultancy services on
management
(CPC 865 + 866)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
C. Telecommunication
Services
CPC numbers: 7521, 7522, 
7523, 7524**, 7525, 7526and 7529**;  broadcast distribution to the general 
public of radio or 
television programming is excluded
All subsectors Licenses and permissions are
granted only to entities with
Romanian juridical personality
established according to theRomanian legislation.
Only Romanian Signatories have the
right to links with International
Satellite Organizations.As attached.
Network operations 
and services supply require licences or permissions issued by the regulatory authority.
Licensing conditions, 
for all subsectors, mayprovide the application of the universal service 
principles as defined 
by the regulatory authority.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 6Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(a) Voice telephone services
Local/Long-distance/International
- for public use
- facilities-based
- resale based-w i r e  b a s e d- fixed radio based1) Bypass of Romtelecom network is not allowed
until 31.12.2002. None as of 01.01.2003.
2) None3) Reserved to Romtelecom  for exclusive supply
until 31.12.2002. None as of 01.01.2003.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal
section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal
section.
(a) Voice telephone services
- for non-public use1) None
2) None
3) None except connection to the
public telephone network is notallowed until 31.12.2002.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(b) Packed-switched data
transmission services
(c) Circuit-switched data
transmission services1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(d) Telex services(e) Telegraph services1) Bypass of Romtelecom network is
not allowed until  31.12.2002. Noneas of 01.01.2003.
2) None3) Reserved to Romtelecom for
exclusive supply until 31.12.2002.
None as of 01.01.2003.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(f) Facsimile services 1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 7Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(g) Leased circuit services 1)  None as of 01.01.2003
2) None
3) None as of 01.01.2003
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(h) electronic mail 1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(i) Voice mail 1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(j) On-line information and
data base retrieval1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(k) Electronic data interchange
(EDI)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(l) Enhanced/value-added
facsimile services1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures sectionS/DCS/W/ROM
Page 8Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(m) Code and protocol
conversion1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(n) On-line information and/or
data processing (includingtransaction processing)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
(o) Other services
- Analog cellular mobile
telephony (450 MHz/NMT)1) None except bypass of Romtelecom
international public telephonenetwork is not allowed until31.12.2002.
2) None3) None except:
- exclusive supply reserved to
Telefonica Romania until01.04.2002, and
-w i r e  b a s e d
infrastructure reserved to
Romtelecom for exclusive supply
until 31.12.2002
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section
- Digital cellular mobile
telephony (900 MHz/GSM)1) None except bypass of Romtelecom
international public telephone
network is not allowed until31.12.2002.
2) None3) None except wire based
infrastructure reserved to
Romtelecom for exclusive supply
until 31.12.2002
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal sectionS/DCS/W/ROM
Page 9Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
- Paging services 1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section
- VSAT services for non-
public use1) None
2) None3) None except connection to the
public network is not allowed until31.12.2002
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section
3. CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
A. General construction work
for buildings (CPC 512)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section 
B. General Construction
Works-Civil Engineering
(bridges, roads, etc.)
(CPC 513)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section 
C. Installation and Assembly
Work, Erection of
Prefabricated Construction
(CPC 514+516)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal 
measures section 
                                                          
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 10Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
D. Building Completion and
Finishing Work
(CPC 517)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section 
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES(except, for the subsectorslisted below, distributionservices for arms,ammunition,
explosives, narcotics and
medicines containingnarcotics,tobacco products and paperforcigarettes, alcohol and
spirits
A. Commission Agents'
Services
(CPC 621)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
B. Wholesale Trade Services
(CPC 622)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
                                                          
 * Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 11Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
C. Retailing Services
(CPC 631+632)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
D. Other Services 1) None2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
Additional information for transparency and clarification purposes:
Normal prudential measures are applied to financial (insurance, reinsurance, banking, and securities) institutions, with a view  to protecting the investors, depositors and
to ensure the stability of the financial system.
The establishment and the activity of insurance and reinsurance co mpanies are subject to the authorization from the Insurance a nd Reinsurance Activity surveillance 
Body.
The establishment and the activity of the banking companies are subject to the authorization from the National Bank of Romania.   There are no restrictions for the 
establishment of a foreign bank in Romania, other than the observance of prudential measures set up by the National Bank of Rom ania.
The establishment and the activity of securities market related entities (natural or legal persons, as the case may be) are sub ject to an authorization from the National 
Securities Commission of Romania (NSC).
After the establishment of a commercial presence, the financial institutions have to carry out their transactions with resident s only in the national currency of Romania.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 12Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
A. All Insurance and
Insurance-
related Services
(a) Life insurance services
(CPC 8121)1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) The establishment of companies
with foreign participation is allowedonly in partnership with Romanianlegal or natural persons.1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
The representatives of foreign
companies and of the associations of
foreign insurers have the right to
conclude insurance contracts onlywith foreign legal and naturalpersons.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal section.4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
section.
(b) Non-life insurance services
(CPC 8129)1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) The establishment of companies and
intermediation agencies with foreign
participation is allowed only in
partnership with Romanian legal ornatural persons.1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) None
The representatives of foreigninsurance companies and of theassociations of foreign insurers have
the right to conclude insurance
contracts only with foreign legal andnatural persons and for their goods.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
section.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 13Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(c) Reinsurance and
retrocessionservices (CPC 81299)1) None, except that reinsurance on
international market is allowed onlyif the reinsured risk cannot beplaced on domestic market.
2) None, except that ceding in
reinsurance on international market
can be made only if the reinsuredrisk cannot be placed on domesticmarket.1) None
2) None
3) The establishment of companies
with foreign participation is allowed
only in partnership with Romanian
legal or natural persons.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal section.3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal 
measures section.
(d) Services auxiliary to
insurance (including
broking and agencyservices) (CPC 8140)1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) The establishment of companies and
intermediation agencies with foreignparticipation is allowed only inpartnership with Romanian legal or
natural persons.1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
Intermediation agencies are notallowed to conclude insurancecontracts for foreign insurancecompanies with Romanian legal ornatural persons or for their goods.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 14Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
The representatives of foreign
insurance companies and of theassociations of foreign insurers havethe right to conclude only thefollowing types of insurance
contracts:
(a) insurance and reinsurance contracts with
legal and natural foreign persons or fortheir goods;
(b) reinsurance contracts with Romanian
insurance companies, Insurance-
reinsurance companies and reinsurancecompanies.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
section.
B. Banking and Other
Financial Services
(excluding insurance)
(a) Acceptance of deposits and
other reimbursable fundsfrom the public(CPC 81115-81119)1) None
2) The opening of accounts and
utilization of foreign currencyresources abroad by natural andlegal Romanian persons is allowedonly with prior permission from the
National Bank of Romania.
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
(b) Lending of all types
(CPC 8113)1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) None
2) None
3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 15Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(d) All payments and money
transmission services(CPC 81339**)1) Allowed only through a resident
bank.
2) The opening of accounts and
utilization of foreign currencyresources abroad by natural and
legal Romanian persons is allowed
only with prior permission from theNational Bank of Romania.
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
(e) Guarantees and
commitments(CPC 81199**)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
(f) Trading for own account or
for account of customers,whether on an exchange, inan over-the-counter marketor otherwise, the following:
- transferable securities
(CPC 81321*)1) Unbound
2) The opening of accounts and
utilization of foreign currencyresources abroad by natural andlegal Romanian persons is allowed
only with prior permission from the
National Bank of Romania.1) Unbound
2) None
3) The securities (brokerage) company
must be a Romanian legal entity set
up as a joint-stock company underthe Romanian law, and having asexclusive business objective theintermediation of securities.3) None, except that:
- the securities transactions, on the
organized securities markets, by a naturalor legal person which is a non-resident ofRomania are taxed up to 1.5% of totalvalue of each buying contract;S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 16Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.- the repatriation of the invested capital and
of the profits shall be made in the samecurrency in which initial investment wasmade.
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
(g) Participation in issues of all
kinds of securities,includingunderwriting and placement
as agent (whether publicly
or privately) and provisionof services related to suchissues(CPC 81322+ 81329)1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) The securities company must be a
Romanian legal entity set up as a
joint-stock company under the
Romanian law, and having as itsexclusive business objective theintermediation of securities.1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) None, except that the repatriation of the
invested capital and of profits shall be
made in the same currency in which
initial investment was made.
Any public offer of securities shall
require, previous to the publication
of its prospectus, the authorizationof the National SecuritiesCommission of Romania.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
(h) Money broking
(CPC 81339**)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) None
2) None3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 17Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(i) Asset management, such as
cash or portfoliomanagement,all forms of collectiveinvestment management,
pensions fund management,
custodial depository andtrust services:1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) None, except that:
-  companies performing the listed
services (except CPC 81193*) must
be established as joint-stockcompanies under the Romanian law;1) Unbound
2) Unbound3) None, except that the repatriation of the
invested capital and of the profits shall bemade in the same currency in which
initial investment was made.
- portfolio management
(CPC 81323*)
- closed-end investment trust
services (CPC 81191*)
- open-ended investment
fundsservices(CPC 81193*)
- securities custody services
(CPC 81319*)-  the open-ended investment funds
must be established under civil
Romanian law.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
(j) Settlement and clearing
services for financial assets,
including securities, and
derivative products, andothernegotiable instruments:applies only to:
- settlement and clearing
services for securities(CPC 81319**)1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
(k) Consultancy and other
auxiliary services
(CPC 8133)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 18Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(l) Provision and transfer of
financial information, andfinancial data processingand related software byproviders
of other financial services
applies only to:
- securities related services
(CPC 8131*)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section.1) None
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL
RELATED SERVICES3
A. Hotels and Restaurants
(CPC 641-643)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section 
B.& C.  Travel Agencies, Tour
Operators and Tourist
Guides
Services
(CPC 7471-7472)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
                                                          
3 Including hotels and restaurants, travel agencies and tour  operators, recreational and cultural activities (museums, monuments  and natural reservations).
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 19Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
10. TRANSPORT SERVICES
C. Air Transport Services
(d) Maintenance and repair of
aircrafts (CPC 8868)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) An authorization from the Romanian
Aeronautical Authority is required
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section 
Sales and marketing
services for air transport1) None
2) None
3) Unbound4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) Unbound4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section.
Computer-reservation
services1) None
2) None
3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
F. Road Transport Services
(a)&(b) Passenger and freight
transportation (CPC 7121,7122, 7123, less cabotageservices)1) Unbound
2) None3) None4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal measures section1) Unbound
2) None3) None4) None, only as indicated in the horizontal
measures section
                                                          
* Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 20
Annex
Romania: Additional Commitments on Basic Telecommunications
Scope
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic
telecommunications services.
Definitions
Users mean service consumers and service suppliers.Essential facilities mean facilities of a public tel ecommunications transport network or service that:
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;
and;
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a service.
A major supplier  is  a supplier which has the ability to materially  affect  the terms of participation
(having regard to price and supply)  in  the  relevant   market  for basic telecommunications services as a
result of:
(a) control over essential facilities; or
(a) use of its position in the market.
1. Competitive safeguards
1.1 Prevention  of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or
together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
1.2 Safeguards
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;(b) using information obtained from compe titors with anti-competitive results; and
(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical information
about essential facilities and commercially relevant information which are necessary for
them to provide services.
2. Interconnection
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another
supplier and to access services provided by a nother supplier, where specific commitments are
undertaken.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 21
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the
network. Such interconnection is provided:
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditi ons (including technical standard and
specifications) and  rates and of a quality no le ss favourable than that provided for its
own  like  services  or  for  like  services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its
subsidiaries or other affiliates;
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions  (including technical standards and
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard to
economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for
network components or facilities that it does not  require for the service to be provided;
and
(c) upon  request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the
majority of users, subject to charges  that  reflect the cost of construction of necessary
additional facilities.
2.3 Public availability of the proced ures for interconnection negotiations
The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly available.
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly available either its interconnection agreements or a
reference interconnection offer.
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either:
(a) at any time; or
(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an
independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph
5 below, to resolve disputes regarding te rms, conditions and rates for interconnection
within a reasonable period of time, to the ex tent that these have not been established
previously.
3. Universal service
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to maintain. Such
obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are administered in a
transparent, non-discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and are not more burdensome than
necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 22
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:
(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision
concerning an application for a licence and
(b) the terms and conditions of individual licences.
The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request.
5. Independent regulators
The regulatory body is separate from, and not acc ountable to, any supplier of basic telecommunications
services. The decisions of and the procedures used by  regulators shall be impartial with respect to all
market participants.
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objec tive, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory manner.
The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed
identification of frequencies allocated for sp ecific government  uses is not required.
_______________S/DCS/W/ROM
Page 23ROMANIA – FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS
Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
11. TRANSPORT
SERVICES
B. Internal
WaterwaysTransportReserve of the right in direct
traffic, for transporting goodsand/or passengers on the shipsbelonging to the contracting
parties to the inland waterways
transport agreementsGermany, France, Netherlands,
Luxembourg, and possibly othercountries in futureIndefinite The need for the exemption is linked
to the specificity of the inlandwaterways transport
C. Sales and
MarketingServices for AirTransportThe right for sales and
marketing services for airtransport is granted on areciprocity basisAll countries Indefinite The reciprocity requirement is the
reason for the exemption
F. Road Transport
ServicesPermission for vehicles
registered in another specifiedcountry to transport goodsand/or passengers in accordancewith existing and future bilateral
road agreements.  Road
cabotage is reserved to domesticregistered vehiclesAustria, Albania, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic,Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark,Switzerland, Latvia, Lithuania,France, Finland, Italy, Iran,
Germany, Greece, Luxembourg,
Great Britain, Norway,Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,Spain,  Sweden, SlovakRepublic, Syria, Slovenia,
Turkey, Hungary, and possibly
other countries in futureIndefinite The need for the exemption is linked
to the regional specificity of thecross-border provision of the roadtransport services
__________