WT/TPR/M/452  
23 April 2024 
(24-3340) Page: 1/37 
Trade Policy Review Body   
18 and 20 March 2024  
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
ANGOLA  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Saqer Abdullah Almoqbel (Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia ) 
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF ANGOLA  ................................ ...... 4 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  7 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  11 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF ANGOLA  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENT S .........  31 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  36 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO  Member s, and the replies 
provided by Angola  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M /452/Add.1  and will be available online 
at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm . WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAI RPERSON  
1.1.  The third Trade Policy Review of Angola  was held on 18 and 20 March  2024. The Chairperson, 
H.E. Mr Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel (Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia), welcomed the delegation of Angola , 
headed by H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade ; H.E. Mrs Augusta  Fortes, 
Secretary of State for Trade  and Services ; H.E.  Ambassador Margarida  da Silva Izata, Permanent 
Representative of Angola  to the WTO; the rest of the delegation; and the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota (Brazil) . 
1.2.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.3.  The Chairperson reca lled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by Angola  is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 452, and that of the WTO 
Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 452. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: Japan, 
Brazil, Singapore, United  Kingdom , and United  States.  The following delegations submitted written 
questions after the deadline: China, European  Union, Iceland, and Türkiye.  
1.5.  The Chairperson started by recalling some  elements of Angola's previous Review and 
developments since then. In doing so, the Chairperson  also sought  to identify some key issues 
arising from Members' advance written questions for this TPR.  
1.6.  During Angola's previous Review, held on 2015, Members com mended Angola on its impressive 
recovery from its 27 -year long civil war. Angola's recovery was driven largely by public investment 
in infrastructure and high world prices for oil, Angola's main export product by far. At that time, 
Members noted that Angol a's dependence on oil rendered its economy highly vulnerable to external 
shocks, so they encouraged Angola to step up its economic diversification efforts.  
1.7.  At the time of Angola's previous Review, Members noted also that Angola had implemented 
several meas ures aimed at import substitution, and that Angola's applied tariff rates had increased 
significantly. At that time, Members encouraged Angola to lower import tariffs on inputs and 
implement additional trade facilitation measures, with a view to reducing t rade costs, enhancing 
competitiveness, and promoting local production.  
1.8.  The Chairperson was  pleased to see that since then, Angola has pursued a broad range of 
economic reforms with the goal of diversifying its state -led and oil -centred economy. Angola's 
economic reform programme over the past few years covers many areas of policymaking, from fiscal 
and monetary policies to investment and competition policy, and from state -owned enterprises and 
privatization to incentives and government procurement. Moreover , Angola implemented these 
reforms against particularly challenging economic conditions, not least the COVID -19 pandemic and 
the increasingly visible consequences of climate change.  
1.9.  The Chairperson was also pleased to learn that since its last Review, Ango la has taken steps to 
simplify and modernize its trade processes further. Moreover, Angola has eliminated tariffs for 
over 40% of tariff lines, in line with Angola's import -substitution centred trade strategy.  
1.10.   During the previous Review of Angola, Members commended Angola on its active participation 
in the WTO. Since then, the Chairperson was p leased to learn that Angola has ratified the Trade 
Facilitation Agreement and has started the process towards ratification of the Fish eries Subsidies 
Agreement. Many advance written questions for th e current  Review address Angola's compliance 
with its WTO notification and tariff binding commitments, as well as Angola's participation in regional 
trade agreements, including the African Continental Free Trade Area.  
1.11.   In the  advance written questions prepared for th e current  Review, Members reflect ed a keen 
interest in learning more about Angola's efforts to promote diversification and increase the 
participation of Angola's nascent private sector in the economy. For example, Members asked 
questions on the privatization of state -owned enterprises, government procurement, intellectual 
property rights, access to credit, and the regulatory framework for telecommunications. Members 
also posed questions on Angola's efforts to improv e conditions for foreign investors, including in the WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  all-important oil and gas sector, and in sectors with the potential to reduce poverty and create jobs 
for Angola's young and growing population, including agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and renewable 
energy.  
1.12.   Members' advance written questions for th e current  Review suggest that trade policy could 
do more to support Angola's trade and economic diversification agenda, including through further 
tariff reductions and additional trade facilitation measures.  Members also posed several questions 
on Angola's import licensing regime, including non -automatic licensing requirement. Another area 
of interest for Members is Angola's SPS regime, which is critically important to help Angola capitalize 
on its huge poten tial as a producer and exporter of agricultural products.  
1.13.   For th e current  Review, Angola received 146  advance written questions from  9 delegations. 
Of these, 76 were sent within the established deadline. Prior to th e meeting, Angola provided written 
replies to most of the questions submitted within the established deadline. The Chairperson looked 
forward to receiving Angola's replies to o ther questions raised during the two -day meeting . Any 
follow -up questions must be answered within 30 days from the second day of the meeting . 
1.14.   The meeting w as a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest 
to them and of syst emic importance to the multilateral trading system. It was also an opportune 
moment for Angola to update Members on how it plans to deepen its efforts to make trade a greater 
force for diversification, prosperity, and inclusion. The Chairperson was looking  forward to a fruitful 
exchange.  
1.15.   The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing Angola a very successful 
third Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF ANGOLA , H.E. MRS AUGUSTA  
FORTES, SECRETARY OF STATE FOR TRADE  AND S ERVICES , ON BEHALF OF 
H.E. MR RUI MIGUÊNS  DE OLIVEIRA, MINISTER OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE  
2.1.  Dear Chair, Excellency Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel ; dear discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador  Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota ; honourable Permanent Representatives ; and 
delegations.  
2.2.  First, let me present my cordial greetings on behalf of the Government of the Republic of Angola 
and Minister of Industry and Commerce to all the Members, Directors, Commissions and Committees 
Chairs, Secretariat, and staf f of the WTO. Angola is a signatory to the Agreement that created this 
important Multilateral World Organization and a full Member since 23  November  1996. We are very 
thankful for the friendly hospitality and the warm welcome extended to me and the Angolan  
delegation present in this important working session. Allow me even more particularly to acclaim 
our honourable Director -General of the WTO, Dr  Ngozi  Okonjo -Iweala , words are not enough to 
express all the gratitude for your exceptional work in revitalizin g the WTO, to which you also knew 
how to bring the problems of Africa, developing countries and LDCs. Our profound gratitude is also 
extensive to the WTO Secretariat and the Trade Polic ies Review Division for their support and help 
in coordinating the prep aratory work for Angola's third Trade Policy Review. We thank the Chair and 
the discussant of this session, to whom we appreciate the critical contribution and intelligent 
remarks.  
2.3.  Since the second Review of Angola's trade policy, which took place in 2015 , our country has 
made numerous political, legislative, and administrative reforms aimed at boosting economic 
activity, promoting exports, and replacing imports within a framework of political, economic, and 
social systemic improvements based on the Nation al Development Plan for 2018 -2022 (PDN).  
2.4.  During the period in review, the Angolan economic context was essentially characterized by a 
period of economic contraction in 2020, followed by a slight growth of 0.7% in 2021, while inflation 
currently stands at 13.86%. The modest growth in GDP was under pinned by a sharp rise in the price 
of crude oil to an annual average of USD 65.69  per barrel, up from the USD 39 per barrel used in 
the national budget prospects. Oil accounts for 95% of Angola's exports, but the sector faced 
well-known challenges during the COVID -19 global pandemic, as the price fell to 
USD 42.40  per barrel. The recovery in its price and revenues has improved the budget balance to a 
surplus of 2.7% of GDP in 2021 after a deficit of 3.8% in 2020. Despite the substantial economic 
and fiscal  weight of oil production and sales, the State was able to base its fiscal policy on two main 
pillars, namely income taxation and wealth taxation, ensuring more regular and stable budget 
mobilizations.  
2.5.  Regarding our country's circulation in international t rade, let me start to s tress, in legislative 
terms, that Angolan import duty rates were adjusted in August  2018 through a Presidential Decree, 
updated in 2019 to organize according to WTO agreements and recommendations the Customs Tariff 
on Import and Expo rt Rights. The adjusted Angolan Customs Tariff Regime of 2019 aims to provide 
the country with a modern customs system capable of meeting its development challenges through 
national production, attracting investment, and promoting the employment of the nat ional labo ur 
force. In parallel, in order to protect public health and match WTO demands, the National 
High-Security Tax Stamp Program (PROSEFA) was implemented in 2022 and revised in 2023, aiming 
to foster control mechanisms in sectors affected by counter feiting and smuggling, including food and 
beverage. It is also noteworthy to mention the implementation of the Authorized Economic Operator 
(AEO) Statute under a Presidential Decree published in 2018, which currently has 52  participants. 
Initially, it was only aimed at importers and exporters, but in 2022, the program was extended to 
customs brokers and freight forwarders.  
2.6.  These legislative reforms aim to build up a commercial policy, internal and external, aiming to 
promote macro -economic stabilization, j ob creation, and the recovery and further development of 
domestic production, with strong commitments from the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. In 
the primary sector, it was defined in the PDN 2018 -2022 a renewed "Policy for the Promotion of 
Agricu ltural Production", prioritizing the crop sectors to facilitate business through increased internal 
competitiveness in the production of food and industrial products. The fisheries sector also plays a 
vital role in economic diversification and envisages el iminating external dependence. In fact, 
mobilizing a coastline that stretches for 1 ,650 km, Angola is rich in marine fish resources, benefiting 
from a maritime exclusive area of approximately 500,000  km2, home to one of the richest fish stocks WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  in Africa. T he former 2004 and 2005 Laws on Aquatic Biological Resources, stipulating the planning 
of the fisheries sector and defining regulatory measures that guarantee conservation and 
sustainability, are now being updated in the present process of ratification of the first phase of the 
WTO Agreement  on Fisheries  Subsidies. Besides primary sectors, Angola is also reforming crude oil, 
gas, and other mineral resources production and trade by creating regulatory agencies such as the 
ANPG, ANRM, or IRDP that include sig nificant reforms on global energetic resources 
commercialization.  
2.7.  These novel legislative and administrative decisions in trade -related fields are closely related 
to broader Monetary, Exchange, and Financial Policy reforms. It is, among others, the case of 
Law No. 24/2021, acknowledged as the National Bank of Angola Law, granting the BNA independent 
central bank status. The latter ensures adequate levels of solvency and liquidity, thus promoting and 
strengthening the soundness of the Angolan Financia l System (AFS).  
2.8.  Consequently, the AFS regulatory entity has reported increased transparency in banking and 
financial processes, reinforced mechanisms for preventing and combatting fraud, and a correlative 
significant decrease in complaints by Angolan nationals and foreign entrepreneurs and workers.  
2.9.  Notwithstanding, the promotion of economic activity and attraction of investments necessarily 
involves, in addition to market stability, granting benefits and full permission for national and foreign  
operators to carry out economic activities without restrictions. This is the major result of the new 
Law on the Delimitation of Sectors of Economic Activity, published in October  2021. Highlighting the 
right of free enterprise and cooperative initiative r ecognized in the Constitution for all private 
entities, the new law reserves to the State the role of economy regulator and coordinator of 
harmonious national economic development, without prejudice to its action in areas of public 
reserves, absolute and r elative. This Decree also underlines that the State shall protect and respect 
private property and free economic and entrepreneurial initiative exercised under the terms of the 
Constitution and this law. It also clearly defines that access to Economic Acti vity is permitted to both 
national and foreign citizens under equal equality of circumstances, under the terms of the Law.  
2.10.   During the period in review, from 2016 to the present, in order to achieve self -sufficiency and 
food security, the Angolan State has approved numerous instruments to promote national 
production. In  2018, to just mention the most significant reforms, it was published by Presidential 
Decree the essential Program for Production Support, Export Diversification and Import Substitution, 
known  as PRODESI, defining five economic pillars: (1)  access to the internal market, (2)  access to 
the external market, (3)  increased production and productivity, (4)  access to credit and (5)  training 
and qualification. It was followed in the same year by the n ovel Law on Private Investment Scheme, 
updated in 2021. It was enhanced and enlarged by The Tax Benefits Code, a Law effective on 
14 May 2022, providing tax benefits by reductions in Property Tax rates, reduction of Industrial Tax 
rates, and a tax credit o f up to 50% of the investment value for projects located in special 
development zones.  
2.11.   Angola has ratified the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement by a Resolution published in 2018. 
The process was fully institutionalized with the entry into force of a Presid ential Decree edited on 
27 July. It approves the Regulations of the National Trade Facilitation Committee (CNFC), the body 
responsible for implementing the facilitation measures provided for in the Agreement. Several 
legislative steps have been taken to ma terialize the CFA, in particular through the implementation 
of the Single Window for Foreign Trade (JUCE) and the approval of the Authorized Economic Operator 
regime (AEO), aiming to implement trade facilitation mechanisms and strengthening the security of  
the import and export logistics chain, as well as promoting trust in the interaction between State 
bodies and the various economic operators. Furthermore, in 2020, the Government promoted the 
creation of the Coordinated Border Management Committee (CGCF),  a multi -sectorial body to boost 
cross-border trade.  
2.12.   Angola fully appreciates the technical assistance received from the WTO, several Angolan 
officials from various sectors have benefited from the diversity of courses of capacity building 
program mes offere d by the Organization in Geneva, such as on -line courses, seminars, internships 
program mes NTP and FIMIP.  
2.13.   All those initiative and courses have contributed to a greater awareness and understanding of 
the WTO and incre ased capacity building in Angola 's publ ic and private sectors. Increase support to WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  developing countries and LDCs to strengthen trade -related technical assistance to improve 
institutional capacity to negotiate and implement multilateral trade policies therefore remains 
essential and crucial.  
2.14.   Last but not least, Angola is commit ted to incorporate WTO Agreement in its domestic 
legislation, related to trade.  
2.15.   I thank you for your generous attention.  
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  Dear Ambassador Saqer  Almoqbel, as I thank you for the floor and your introductory remarks, 
allow me to extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Angola, led by 
H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade, who is today represented by 
H.E. Mrs Augusta  Fortes, Secretary of State for Trade and Services . Let me also seize the 
opportunity to thank the Permanent Representative of Angola to the WTO, 
Ambassador  Margarida  Da Silva Izata, for the invaluable work she and her team have always 
demonstrated in representing Angola's trade interests at the WTO.  
3.2.  It is truly an hono ur to participate as discussant in this third  Trade Policy Review of Angola. A 
momentous occasion, as we head toward the celebration, next year, of Angola's 50th anniversary of 
independence. Not only is this a historical hallmark, but also a  testament to the courage of Angolan 
men and women who have fought for their liberty, building since then an amazing and dynamic 
country, member of the Lusophone family of nations, as are Brazil and the newly acceded 
WTO Member State of Timor -Leste.  
3.3.  Our co untries share historical linkages, common cultural heritage, and a rich history of 
cooperation. Brazil is proud to have been the first country to recognize Angola's independence 
in 1975, and we have maintained close ties at all levels ever since.  
3.4.  Brazil is  also one of Angola's largest trading partners and a committed participant in Angola's 
drive for economic development. Brazil has invested in Angola's oil and gas sector. We work with 
Angola to develop its agriculture, education, and healthcare sectors.  
3.5.  Brazil and Angola also cooperate on non -trade issues, including regional security, climate 
change, and human rights.  
3.6.  In August  2023, President Lula visited Luanda and signed several cooperation agreements, 
covering agriculture, education, sustainable tourism , and technical cooperation.  
3.7.  As G20 President, Brazil invited Angola to participate in G20 meetings for the current cycle 
of 2024. This is a testament to the importance we attribute to our relationship with Angola and 
recognizes the increased importance of  Angola within the African continent and for the global 
economy.  
3.8.  The Trade Policy Review process is a means to ensuring transparency and accountability under 
the multilateral trading system. In this regard, I must commend the Government of Angola and the 
WTO Secretariat for their informative reports, which set the basis for our discussions today.  
3.9.  The multilateral trading system holds immense importance for Angola, as it does for Brazil and 
other developing countries. It offers a framework for equitable trad e relations and opportunities for 
economic development. Angola has been a Member of the World Trade Organization since  1996 and 
as such, it benefits from access to international markets, technical assistance, and the dispute 
settlement system - which we ar e collectively trying to restore to full functionality by 2024.  
3.10.   Over the period from 2015 to 2023, Angola, which is in the group of least developed countries 
(LDC), embarked on extensive economic reforms aimed at transitioning from oil -dependency to a 
more diversified and open economy. Despite challenging economic circumstances exacerbated by 
the COVID -19 pandemic, Angola's reform agenda encompassed various aspects of economic 
governance, policies, and regulations, including investment, competition policy, state -owned 
enterprises (SOEs), incentives, and government procurement. Notable improvements in trade 
policies were observed following Angola's establishment of a National Commission for Trade 
Negotiations.  
3.11.   The period between 2016 and 2 020 was particularly difficult for Angola. The country witnessed 
five consecutive years of negative real GDP growth, coupled with persistently high unemployment 
rates hovering around 30% and a decline in per  capita income. Economic recovery commenced 
in 2021, gaining momentum in 2022 as oil prices rebounded and oil production increased. Although 
services have overtaken the oil sector as the primary contributor to the economy, the oil industry WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  remains critical to Angola, accounting for nearly 93% of merchand ise exports, 58% of fiscal revenue, 
and approximately 30% of its GDP in 2022.  
3.12.   The economic model cent red on capital -intensive offshore oil production, as acknowledged in 
Angola's 2050 Strategy, could impact investments outside the oil sector and affect op portunities in 
other areas. The pressure of climate change on infrastructure further challenges productivity growth, 
particularly in the critical agriculture sector.  
3.13.   As part of a reform program me, Angola implemented legislation aimed at reducing the public  
debt-to-GDP ratio and the non -oil primary fiscal deficit. Additionally, Angola introduced a 
value -added tax (VAT) to broaden the tax base and boost non -oil revenue. At the same time, it 
phased out costly fuel subsidies while expediting the rollout of a ca sh transfer program targeting 
vulnerable households. Despite a significant increase in public debt during the 2015 -2020 crisis 
period, fiscal consolidation efforts, buoyed by higher oil prices, led to a notable reduction in the 
public debt -to-GDP ratio to nearly 70% in 2022, approximately half of its level two years earlier.  
3.14.   Macroeconomic policy adjustments included a constitutional amendment to enhance the 
independence of Angola's national central bank and the transition in 2018 from a fixed exchange 
rate regime between the national currency, the kwanza, and the US  dollar, to a flexible exchange 
rate regime, resulting in a substantial nominal depreciation of the kwanza. This shift aimed to 
mitigate the risk of kwanza overvaluation, enhance ext ernal competitiveness, and facilitate trade 
and economic diversification endeavo urs. This was accompanied by measures to enhance 
transparency and efficiency in foreign exchange transactions. An important achievement to note is 
that over the review period, inflation declined from around 41% in 2016 to just under 14% in 2022, 
amid generally tight monetary conditions.  
3.15.   International trade in goods and services constituted almost 70% of GDP in 2022, 
underscoring its significance for Angola's economy. Nonetheless , Angola's participation in global 
value chains remains below its potential, with crude oil's share of total merchandise exports 
decreasing from around 93% in 2015 to 80% in 2022. Concurrently, liquefied natural gas (LNG) 
exports, which were non -existent i n 2015, accounted for nearly 13% of total merchandise exports 
in 2022, driven by heightened demand following geopolitical developments. This highlights Angola's 
ability to diversify the sources of its energy production. Diamonds emerged as Angola's third m ost 
prominent export, comprising nearly 4% of total merchandise exports in 2022.  
3.16.   China remained the principal destination for Angola's exports of goods, followed by the 
European  Union and India. This latter country, in addition to being the fourth -largest recipient of 
Angola's crude oil exports, emerged as the second -largest importer of Angolan liquefied natural gas 
after the EU.  
3.17.   It is worth mentioning that the services trade balance sustained a deficit throughout the 
review period, exacerbated by a sharp d ecline in travel service exports due to the pandemic -induced 
economic downturn, from which the Angolan economy has yet to fully recover. Concerning foreign 
direct investment, it remains heavily concentrated in the oil sector.  
3.18.   Various planning instruments, formulated by the Ministry of Economy and Planning, guide 
Angola's trade policy direction. I underscore, for example, the Programme to Support Domestic 
Production, Export Diversification, and Import Substitution (PRODESI), which targets multiple 
economic s ectors for import substitution, particularly focusing on basic needs.  
3.19.   Angola ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement of the WTO in April  2019, and took steps 
toward ratifying the WTO  Agreement  on Fisheries Subsidies. Angola extends most -favoured-nation 
(MFN) treatment to all trading partners. The country is an active participant in WTO technical 
assistance program mes and initiatives.  
3.20.   Angola is a member of various regional economic communities, including the African  Union, 
the Economic Community of Central African States, and the Southern African Development 
Community. Angola, however, does not grant preferential duties under these agreements. Angola 
ratified the African Continental Free Trade Area in October  2020, but it has yet to operationalize 
preferential tariff provisions. Angola benefits from the US African Growth and Opportunity Act and 
the Generalized System of Preferences schemes as an LDC.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  3.21.   Over the review period, Angola implemented measures to enhance the business environment 
and support pr oductivity and diversification objectives. Investment laws were improved, bolstering 
transparency and predictability. Noteworthy reforms included the abolition of foreign investment 
restrictions in key sectors and the establishment of the Agency for Privat e Investment and Export 
Promotion (AIPEX), which aims to facilitate investments.  
3.22.   Angola pursued simplification and modernization of trade procedures, including the reduction 
of documentation requirements for traders, implementation of customs automation, a nd the 
introduction of authorized economic operator program mes. In addition, progress was achieved 
toward the establishment of a single window system.  
3.23.   Despite eliminating tariffs for nearly 43% of its tariff lines, Angola witnessed a slight increase 
in its average applied MFN tariff, reflecting high tariffs on select goods aimed at promoting domestic 
production and import substitution. Higher tariffs to support domestic industries has clearly become 
a trend, especially in the most developed of WTO Member States. Angola is therefore not alone. 
Such actions, however, would need to be balanced with competitiveness objectives, and positive 
participation in global value chains. The wide gap between bound and applied tariffs can be 
interpreted as a hindrance to t he predictability of Angola's import duty regime.  
3.24.   Although Angola lacks export finance and insurance program mes, the introduction of free 
trade zones (FTZs) offers tax incentives aiming to attract investment. Notably, Angola is developing 
an FTZ near Luand a to stimulate public -private partnerships.  
3.25.   Recognizing the critical role of standardization and quality infrastructure in enhancing export 
competitiveness, Angola took an important step with the establishment of the National Institute of 
Quality Infrastru cture (INIQ) to strengthen the quality assurance framework.  
3.26.   Angola initiated reforms in sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, including plant health 
regulations, to modernize its framework and align it with international standards. Notably, 
regulation s governing laboratory analysis adhere to CODEX standards. There were efforts to promote 
competition and streamline regulatory frameworks across sectors to foster a supportive business 
environment. In its report, the Government of Angola has emphasized the  necessity of technical 
assistance in various areas. I encourage WTO  Member s to explore avenues for cooperation in the 
required fields.  
3.27.   Like in many countries, state -owned enterprises are active in various sectors of the Angolan 
economy. To enhance transpa rency and accountability, Angola started initiatives to improve SOE 
governance in key sectors of its economy, such as electricity, telecommunications, and 
infrastructure.  
3.28.   Angola recognizes the importance of IP  protection as a framework for investment and 
innovation. According to the reports, however, Angola's capacity to adequately enforce and benefit 
from the IP  system suffers from insufficient resources and personnel constraints. Clearly, Angola's 
national IP  system requires higher levels of international  cooperation and support.  
3.29.   Turning to Agricultural production, the sector has expanded significantly, contributing 9% to 
GDP in 2022. This could be attributed to various support program mes and initiatives promoting 
mechanization and expanded farming areas. However, challenges such as subsistence farming, low 
productivity, insufficient infrastructure, tech transfer, know -how and access to adequate and 
affordable technology constrain the sector's potential for export -led growth and food security.  
3.30.   As noted befo re, the oil and gas sector remains a cornerstone of Angola's economy, despite 
efforts to diversify. Significant reforms, including establishing the National Agency for Petroleum, 
Gas, and Biofuels, aim to enhance regulatory oversight and attract investment . However, limited 
refining capacity requires reliance on imports for refined petroleum products.  
3.31.   Regarding Angola's mining sector, I underscore that it holds substantial untapped potential, 
particularly in critical minerals essential for its clean energy transition.  
3.32.   Electricity infrastructure remains a challenge, as it is accessible to no more than half of the 
country's population. Renewable energy sources present significant potential for expanding WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  electricity generation and improving energy access, to th e extent that Angola can diversify from oil, 
update its legal framework, and create a conducive environment for state and private sector 
participation.  
3.33.   Angola's telecommunications market exhibits enormous growth potential, as access to 
services remains bel ow global averages. Policy initiatives aim to foster competition, expand 
infrastructure, and promote digital inclusiveness. The banking and financial services sectors continue 
to evolve.  
3.34.   Shipping and aviation sectors in Angola reflect a blend of state invo lvement and ongoing 
reforms to enhance competitiveness and liberalize market access. Initiatives to promote domestic 
maritime services and streamline aviation regulations underscore Angola's commitment to improving 
transportation infrastructure.  
3.35.   As a count ry endowed with natural beauty, tourism represents a key sector for economic 
diversification. However, growth in this sector has been severely affected by the COVID -19 
pandemic. Recent policy changes, including visa exemptions for certain nationalities, se ek to 
stimulate tourism and attract foreign visitors.  
3.36.   The diversity of questions posed by Members, which I will not summarize as I have already 
taken the floor for a long time, confirms the importance of Angola to the WTO Membership, and I  am 
certain that the country's delegation will adequately respond.  
3.37.   I wish the best outcome possible for Angola's third TPR. I am certain that Angola will rise to 
the occasion and realize its full potential as a trading nation and a dynamic player in the global 
economy, as it truly deserves to be.  Thank you . 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
JAPAN  
4.1.  Japan warmly welcomes the delegation of Angola headed by Minister of Industry and Trade, 
H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira. We would like to express our appreciation to the Government of 
Angola and the WTO Secretariat for the respective reports prepared for today 's review. We also 
thank H.E.  Ambassador Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota for his insightful remarks as the dis cussant. 
Taking this opportunity, I would like to highlight a few points.  
4.2.  First, with respect to Angola's economic environment, as outlined in the Secretariat's Report, 
Angola's exports of fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas, account for more than 90 % of its total 
exports. However, under its National Development Plan, we understand that Angola is aiming for a 
sustainable economy that does not rely on oil exports and has identified industrial diversification 
through the promotion of agriculture, manufa cturing , and other sectors as a pressing issue. 
Moreover, we acknowledge Angola 's proactive measures to attract foreign investment, including the 
implementation of tax reforms and visa relaxation measures, and initiatives to improve the business 
environmen t, which are highly commendable.  
4.3.  Next, I would like to move on to the recent developments in our bilateral relations. In March 
last year, President João  Manuel  Gonçalves  Lourenço visited Japan. Taking this opportunity, the 
Japan -Angola Business Forum took place. In August of the same year, the former Japanese Minister 
of Economy, Trade and Industry visited Angola and held the Japan -Angola Business Round Table. 
Through these high -level engagements, the Government of Japan has encouraged companies from 
both c ountries to develop business relations in a wide range of fields, including mining and resource 
development, infrastructure, and agriculture.  
4.4.  Furthermore, in August last year, the Japan -Angola Investment Agreement was signed. This is 
highly significant not  only for protecting investments by Japanese companies already in Angola, but 
also for encouraging Japanese companies to set up in Angola in the future, by creating a favourable 
investment environment. Following its conclusion, Japan submitted the Investme nt Agreement to 
the currently ongoing Diet session for approval. We eagerly await progress on the necessary 
procedures on the side of Angola in order to ensure the agreement 's timely implementation.  
4.5.  We would like to touch upon Angola's engagement in the multilateral trading system with the 
WTO at its core. During the review period, we welcome Angola 's ratification of the Trade Facilitation 
Agreement in April  2019. On the simplification and modernization of trade procedures, we further 
commend Angola for i ts efforts to reduce the number of documents needed to register as traders, 
adopt a customs automation system, and for its efforts toward the implementation of the 
Single  Window.  
4.6.  Japan also appreciates Angola 's participation in the Dialogue on Plastics Pol lution and 
Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade. Furthermore, we welcome Angola 's participation in the 
Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement. The voices of developing countries such as 
yours are important for it to be incorporated into An nex 4. 
4.7.  We understand that Angola is aiming to accept the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement by the first 
half of this year. We would like to see Angola complete the domestic procedures for acceptance as 
soon as possible so that the Agreement can enter into forc e at the earliest opportunity.  
4.8.  Japan also commends the elimination of tariffs on close to 43% of tariff lines in the review 
period. On the other hand, we are concerned that the simple average applied MFN tariff increased 
from 10.9% in 2015 to 11.5% in 2023 , and that some applied tariff rates exceed their bound rates. 
The Secretariat's Report states that this is scheduled to be corrected this year, and we expect that 
it is fully implemented.  
4.9.  Finally, we wish Angola a successful and fruitful Trade Policy Revi ew. 
  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  BRAZIL  
4.10.   On behalf of my Ambassador, who is acting as the discussant, allow me to extend my warmest 
congratulations to the delegation of Angola, led today by Mrs  Augusta  Fortes, Secretary of State for 
Trade and Services, for her thorough and enlighteni ng presentation that marked the opening of this 
session, signa lling the onset of the third Trade Policy Review of Angola.  
4.11.   My appreciation also goes out to Ambassador Margarida  Rosa Da Silva Izata, Angola's 
Permanent Representative to the WTO, and her dedic ated team in Geneva, as well as to the 
authorities in Luanda and the WTO Secretariat, for their meticulous and comprehensive reports. 
Furthermore, I would like to thank Ambassador Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota for his insightful 
analysis as our discussant t oday, and Ambassador Saqer  Almoqbel, my dear friend and our esteemed 
Chair, for his invaluable introductory remarks.  
4.12.   For Brazil, it is always an hono ur and a pleasure to take part in the Trade Policy Review of 
Angola. Brazil and Angola are brotherly nations, right from the outset. Brazil was the first country 
to recognize Angola's independence on 11 November  1975. This has marked the beginning of a soli d 
political relationship that has endured almost five decades.  
4.13.   Our two nations share an intricate tapestry of history, language, and cultural bonds. As two 
major countries in their respective regions, Brazil and Angola also share a common history of 
colon ialism and struggle for independence, which has forged a strong bond between the two nations.  
4.14.   This impressive historical background led to a strategic partnership, initiated almost 15 years 
ago, in 2010, and that comprises cultural, economic, investment, a nd technical cooperation domains 
for our mutual benefit. Another important political milestone was the establishment of the 
South  Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone in 1987, and the formation of the Community of 
Portuguese -Speaking Countries in 1996. Thos e initiatives are a testament to the depth and breadth 
of our bilateral ties and underscore the vast array of possibilities for our common future ahead.  
4.15.   Brazil has been a key partner for Angola in its post -independence development efforts, 
offering experti se, technical assistance, and investment in critical sectors such as agriculture, 
infrastructure, and energy. Likewise, Angola provides Brazil with valuable opportunities for trade 
and investment, particularly in the oil and gas sector, where Brazilian com panies have made 
significant investments. This trade and economic partnership capitalizes on the complementarities 
and synergies between our economies.  
4.16.   During the period spanning from 2015 to 2023, Angola initiated extensive economic reforms 
to transition  from a state -controlled, oil -reliant economy to a more diversified one led by the private 
sector. Despite facing challenging economic conditions exacerbated by the COVID -19 pandemic, 
Angola's reform agenda encompassed various aspects of economic governanc e, policies, and 
regulations. This includes new regulations on investment, competition policy, state -owned 
enterprises (SOEs), incentives, and government procurement. Significant enhancements in trade 
policies were observed following Angola's ratification of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) 
in 2019 and the establishment of a National Commission for Trade Negotiations.  
4.17.   Between 2016 and 2020, Angola experienced a particularly arduous period. The country 
underwent five consecutive years of negative re al GDP growth, alongside persistently high 
unemployment rates. The good news is that the economic recovery began in 2021, gaining 
momentum in 2022 with the resurgence of oil prices and an increase in oil production. Although 
services have surpassed the oil  sector as the primary contributor to the economy, the oil industry 
remains vital to Angola, constituting nearly 93% of merchandise exports, 58% of fiscal revenue, and 
approximately 30% of GDP in 2022.  
4.18.   Brazil notes that despite eliminating tariffs for alm ost 43% of its tariff lines, the country 
experienced a slight rise in its average applied MFN tariff, reflecting elevated tariffs on certain goods 
aimed at fostering domestic production and import substitution.  
4.19.   The bilateral trade reached a historical rec ord in 2008, with US D 4.2 billion. From 2015 
to 2021, during the period that coincided with the decline in the international oil price, there was 
also a reduction in bilateral trade. Since 2022, however, there has been a notable recovery. In 2022, WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  the curr ent trade flows between Brazil and Angola total led US D 1.41 billion, an increase of 143.7% 
compared to 2021.  
4.20.   These figures show that there is room for improvement, not only to recover the breadth of 
our bilateral trade as shown in the last decades, but th ey also indicate that there has to be a 
diversification of our export products, which are still largely concentrated in raw materials on both 
sides. This dynamic relationship extends beyond trade to encompass investment flows, with 
promising prospects in s ectors such as public works, agriculture, and energy. Presently, over 
60 Brazilian corporations operate in Angola, while Angolan entities are increasing their presence in 
Brazil.  
4.21.   Even amidst these achievements, we recognize the untapped potential for furth er enhancing 
our economic partnership. Through agreements on investment facilitation and cooperation, both 
nations have signal led their commitment to diversifying and expanding cooperation opportunities 
across various sectors.  
4.22.   In the context of the TPR, B razil sent to Angola a series of questions. They range from the 
need to improve notifications in Agriculture, and transparency measures, to clarifications on SPS 
procedures and information on the importation of animal products.  
4.23.   In conclusion, Brazil eager ly anticipates the successful culmination of Angola's Trade Policy 
Review and reaffirms its unwavering commitment to strengthening the bilateral partnership for the 
mutual benefit of our nations. We value Angola's cooperation in addressing our inquiries ac ross 
various policy domains and remain dedicated to exploring avenues for further collaboration and 
growth.  
SINGAPORE  
4.24.   Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the delegation from Angola, led by 
Minister of Industry and Trade Rui  Miguêns de Oliveira. We would also like to express our 
appreciation to you Chair , Ambassador Saqer  Almoqbel ( Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia), and the 
discussant Ambassador Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota (Brazil), as well as the Secretariat for their 
insightful reports and statements. Allow me to make three points.  
4.25.   First, Singapore and Angola enjoy healthy and growing economic relations. Angola has 
consistently been one of Singapore 's largest trading partners in Sub -Saharan Africa. Bilateral trade 
in goods amounted to US D 691 million in 2023, a 34% increase from the previous year. Despite the 
vast distance between our countries, many Singapore companies invest and operate in Angola, 
including companies that provide repair, upgrade and conversion services for oil and gas 
infrastructure, produce recyclable bio -packaging, provide master planning for green districts in 
Angola and civil engineering design services for various public sector projects since 1995. In 
August  2023, Singapore hosted the Seventh Africa -Singapore Business F orum (ASBF) with the 
theme "Driving Africa 's Growth through Digitalisation, Manufacturing and Sustainability ". There was 
strong interest among businesses and governments to strengthen the partnership between Africa, 
Singapore and ASEAN. It is heartening th at the interests span the spectrum from traditional sectors 
like manufacturing to emerging sectors such as fintech. Other areas of collaboration include 
digitali zation, sustainability and the green economy. Singapore welcomes African companies to 
leverage on our established business ecosystem and connectivity to expand collaboration with Asia. 
We are also happy to report warm and sustained collaboration and sharing of experiences between 
our countries. For example, in January  2024, Singapore organi zed a tra de negotiations course for 
African government officials with the support of UNCTAD trainers, and we welcomed the participation 
of an officer from the Angola 's Ministry of Industry and Commerce.  
4.26.   Second, we encourage Angola to redouble efforts to improve th eir business climate, including 
by reducing tariff barriers and improving its notifications regime. We welcome Angola 's efforts to 
attract foreign investments through the Free Trade Zone regime and to reform the public business 
sector. We look forward to l earning more about Angola 's other plans to attract foreign investment. 
However, as noted in the Secretariat Report, Angola has bound all of its tariffs but certain applied 
rates exceed the bound rates. We commend Angola 's efforts to correct these discrepan cies via its 
Customs Tariff Law for 2024. We also encourage Angola to meet the outstanding notification WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  requirements as highlighted in the Secretariat Report. These moves will improve the stability and 
predictability of Angola 's trading environment.  
4.27.   Third, we look forward to Angola 's continued commitment and contribution to the rules -based 
multilateral trading system. We commend the participation of Angola in the Joint Statement Initiative 
on Investment Facilitation for Development. As one of the co -conven ors, Singapore strongly urges 
Angola to join the JSI on E -Commerce in order to ensure that Angola would be able to derive optimal 
benefits from the rapid expansion of digital trade.   
4.28.   In closing, my delegation looks forward to continue working closely with the Angola delegation 
in Geneva, and wish you every success for your third TPR. 
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.29.   Let me join others in welcoming the delegation from Angola led by 
H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade. Let me also express my gratitude 
to colleagues from the WTO Secretariat for their respective reports, to the Chair, as ever, and to our 
discussant for his comments.  
4.30.   The prudent economic policies which Angola has p ursued since its last Trade Policy Review, 
as laid out in the excellent Secretariat Report, offer important lessons for other WTO  Member s to 
learn from.  
4.31.   For instance, we were pleased to read that in 2022 Angola 's inflation rate fell to 13.86%, 
following a  sustained decrease in price levels over the last six years. I would like to similarly 
commend Angola for the success of its Macroeconomic Stabilization Program (PEM), launched 
in 2018, which aimed to achieve a reduction to 60% public debt to GDP  ratio in the medium -term. 
Through structured macroeconomic policy, Angola is well on the way to achieving this medium -term 
goal, reducing the level of public debt to 65% from 134% in 2020.   
4.32.   Angola 's Trade Policy Review also offers a welcome opportunity for the UK t o reflect upon our 
growing trade relationship with one of our most significant trading partners in Africa. From 2022 
to 2023, the UK 's trade with Angola has doubled in value, from GBP 1.4 billion to GBP 2.7 billion, 
making Angola the UK 's third largest tra ding partner in Sub -Saharan Africa.  
4.33.   We want to maintain the rapid trajectory of our trading relationship and explore further 
opportunities to expand the economic partnership between our two countries.  
4.34.   The UK believes that many of these opportunities will  flow from Angola 's economic 
diversification agenda. Angola 's commitment to moving away from a dependence on crude oils, and 
towards green energy, mining , and agriculture will strengthen Angola 's economy and deepen our 
two countries bilateral trading relationship.   
4.35.   In particular, the UK is strongly supportive of the development of Angola 's agriculture sector. 
Through our Global Mine Action Programme, The UK has supported the clearance of over 7  million  m2 
of land in Angola – land which is now s afe to use for agricultural purposes. The UK stands ready to 
continue supporting Angola in its efforts to harness its massive potential for growth in this sector 
and support food security.  
4.36.   The UK is also a firm supporter of the Lobito  Corridor, which is on e of the most exciting 
prospects for Angola 's ongoing economic diversification. By increasing economic connectivity, the 
ambitious transcontinental corridor will act as a catalyst for investment and as a key facilitator for 
the green energy transition thro ugh the supply of critical minerals. We look forward to using a 
planned trade mission in April to explore how best UK businesses can support the development of 
the corridor.  
4.37.   The UK is also a firm supporter of another transcontinental trade opportunity – the African 
Continental Free Trade Area. We would like to take this opportunity to commend Angola for its recent 
Accession to the AfCFTA, which has the potential to be a game -changer for the inclusive economic 
growth of Angola, and Africa as a whole.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.38.   The UK  was proud to be the first non -African country to sign a Memorandum of Understanding 
with the AfCFTA Secretariat, and through our development assistance, we are working closely to 
support the AfCFTA Secretariat and member to get the agreement up and runnin g. 
4.39.   The UK and Angola 's trading relationship is enabled through the UK 's recently introduced 
Developing Countries Trading Scheme  which means that  99.8% of products from Angola can be 
exported to the UK tariff free.  
4.40.   Angola is also home to the largest alloca tion of UK Export Finance  (UKEF)  in Africa, financing 
which has supported key development priorities identified by the Government of Angola. In 
December  2023, UKEF closed their largest ever sovereign transaction in Sub -Saharan Africa, 
financing over GBP 400 million to enable the delivery of critical infrastructure in Angola.  
4.41.   There are, however, some barriers which are negatively affecting the UK 's free and open trade 
with Angola. Namely, Angola 's introduction of high security tax stamps on alcoholic beverag es. These 
tax stamps have made it much more complex and costly for UK businesses to export its 
world -renowned alcoholic beverages for Angolans to enjoy .  
4.42.   To further ease trade between our two countries, the UK would also like to take this 
opportunity to su ggest that Angola would benefit from acceding to our EPA with SACU and 
Mozambique whilst holding its status as an LDC, to fully benefit from that exciting agreement.  
4.43.   I would like to conclude by thanking the Chair, the discussant, and the delegation of Angola 
for facilitating this opportunity to learn from one of our most important trading partners in Africa.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.44.   The United  States views Angola as a strategic partner and regional leader. The U.S. -Angola 
partners hip is critical to advancing our shared goals of economic prosperity, regional security, and 
increasing energy security in Africa and the Atlantic. The United  States and Angola marked 30  years 
of diplomatic relations last year, culminating in President Bid en hosting President João  Lourenço at 
the White  House in November.  
4.45.   Angola has made great strides to diversify its economy, enhance agricultural production, and 
promote industrial growth. Since 2004, Angola has effectively leveraged trade preferences under 
the U.S. African Growth and Opportunity Act towards those efforts.  
4.46.   Angola has also placed great emphasis on building its infrastructure, and the U.S. 
Export -Import Bank has supported critical American investments in the solar energy and b ridge 
construction sectors in Angola. Through the President 's Partnership for Global Infrastructure and 
Investment (PGII), the United  States and the European  Union are teaming up with Angola, Zambia, 
and the Democratic  Republic  of the Congo to develop infr astructure across the Lobito  Corridor to 
connect southern Democratic  Republic  of the Congo  and northwestern Zambia to the port of Lobito 
in Angola. The Lobito  Corridor is a transformative economic corridor that offers the potential for 
critical infrastruct ure that will better integrate the D emocratic  Republic  of the Congo , Zambia, and 
Angola into regional and global markets; develop green energy supply chains; and spur investment 
in agriculture, telecoms, and additional sectors in underdeveloped regions of Angola.  
4.47.   The United  States is also investing in Angola 's digital architecture, supporting reliable 
telecommunication networks that will benefit the Angolan people and improve Angola 's digital 
connectivity to the global economy. The United  States is also sup porting digital payments and 
financial services in Angola. In 2023, USAID launched the EDGE Fund, which includes a USD 5 million 
program me in Angola to increase financial inclusion by accelerating the growth of mobile money.  
4.48.   In November  2022, the United  States highlighted our pandemic response efforts in 
partnership with the Government of Angola through the USAID funded Global Vax initiative in the 
Committee on Trade and Development. With this financial support Angola was able to reactivate 
175 mobile vac cination teams, deploying almost 2,000  nurses, mobilizers and statisticians in rural 
and hard to reach areas in 15  provinces of the country to ensure that vaccine was reaching its 
people.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.49.   In 2022 and 2023, the United  States was pleased to serve as one of f our mentor countries in 
the WTO 's Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Transparency Champions program me, which provided 
technical support to 30  African enquiry points, including from Angola, with the aim of improving 
transparency, stakeholder engagement, and use of the ePing platform. Following this training, 
Angola made its first notification to the TBT Committee on 20 December  2023. The United  States 
would like to acknowledge this significant achievement by Angola. We hope tha t Angola will build on 
this deve lopment by notifying future measures in a draft form so that WTO  Member s are able to 
review, comment, and have comments taken into account before draft measures are finalized.  
4.50.   Despite this progress, Angola still has outstanding notifications in several WTO  committees, 
including the Committee on Agriculture, SPS, and notifications regarding State Trading Enterprises. 
The United  States ' advance written questions reflect our eagerness to understand Angola 's plans to 
become up to date with its notification obli gations. Our advance written  questions also seek greater 
clarity on Angola 's bound tariff rates, domestic agricultural support program mes, regulations 
regarding plant health and food safety, and Angola 's Presidential Decree No.  213/23, which subjects 
a diverse range of goods to non -automatic import licensing.  
4.51.   We also encourage Angola to continue its efforts to ratify the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement 
and deposit its instrument of acceptance with the WTO. The Agreement contains important  
disciplines on harmf ul fisheries subsidies, as well as enhanced transparency, but it can 't start 
contributing to the sustainability of our fisheries until it actually enters into force.  
4.52.   I want to affirm once again how critical a partner Angola is to the United  States. The 
United States looks forward to working with the Government of Angola to expand and strengthen 
our trade relationship.  
CHINA  
4.53.   I would like to extend my warm welcome to the delegation of Angola led by H.E.  Minister 
Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, and thank H.E.  Mrs Augusta Fortes, State Secretary of Commerce and 
Services for her introductory report today.  
4.54.   I would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat for the preparation of this Trade Policy Review. 
I appreciate the insightful comments made by the discussant, H.E.  Ambas sador Guilherme  de Aguiar 
Patriota.  
4.55.   China commends Angola for its ambitious and comprehensive economic reforms, including 
diversifying its economy from oil -dependent nature. We are also pleased to note that numerous 
legislative and policy changes have been made, aiming at promoting exports and replacing imports. 
With such efforts, a growth rate of 1.2% in 2021 and 3% in 2022 were achieved, which brought 
Angola's economy to a remarkable recovery, compared to the five consecutive years of negative real 
GDP growth experienced from 2016 to 2020.  
4.56.   Acknowledging Angola's commendable efforts in undertaking economic reforms, it is 
important to note that the country still encounters several challenges as a least developed country. 
Angola continues to face obstacle s that hinder its progress and development. Moreover, the impacts 
of climate change, particularly in Angola's southern regions, have significantly affected the country. 
No one should be left behind. That is the goal of WTO. We do hope today 's Review will h elp Members 
further reflect how WTO could better support LDCs to achieve economic growth and combat different 
challenges through trade and investment.  
4.57.   It is highly commendable to witness Angola's enhanced involvement and active participation 
efforts in th e WTO. We appreciate the efforts made by Angola 's WTO team led by 
H.E. Mrs Margarida  da Silva Izata. It is well recognized Angola ratified the WTO  TFA in April  2019. 
We welcome Angola 's participation in  WTO Dialogue on Plastics Pollution and Environmentall y 
Sustainable Plastics Trade , and becoming a party of the Investment Facilitation for Development  
Agreement . Angola  expect s to ratify the WTO  Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies by the first half 
of 2024. We are looking forward to Angola 's continuing engageme nt in the WTO. In the meantime, 
we also see the urgency for having IFD incorporated into the WTO  Agreement as early as possible 
as a response to those LDCs parties, such as Angola, who want this Agreement and inherent capacity WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  buildings in order to have a better investment environment and bring more investment for their 
development.  
4.58.   On bilateral aspect, during t he recent state visit by the President of Angola to China last week , 
the two leaders announced the elevation of bilateral ties to a comprehensive st rategic cooperative 
partnership. This will undoubtedly inject new impetus into the relations between China and Angola  
and promote further cooperation between the two sides.  
4.59.   China and Angola maintain a significant trade partnership, with Angola being China' s second 
largest trading partner in Africa. According to our statistics, bilateral trade between China and Angola 
reached USD 23 billion in 2023, with China's imports accounting for the majority at USD 19 billion. 
With the diversification of Angola 's econo my, we see the substantial potential for collaboration 
between the two across various sectors.  
4.60.   Last December , China and Angola signed a new bilateral investment protection agreement, a 
significant development that will bolster investor confidence for both  countries. We encourage Angola 
to continue to reform and make further improvements to facilitate investors to enter and operate in 
Angola.  
4.61.   For the purpose of this review, China submitted some questions. We thank the delegation of 
Angola for their response s. 
4.62.   To conclude, China  looks forward to a constructive exchange of views during this review , and 
wish this review a great success.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.63.   I would first like to welcome the delegation of Angola, led by H.E.  Rui Miguêns de Oliveira, 
Minister of Industry and Commerce, and thank H.E.  Mrs Augusta  Fortes, State Secretary of 
Commerce and Services for the opening statement of Angola as well the discussant, 
H.E. Mr Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota (Brazil) for his remarks.  
4.64.   The EU supports Angola towards sustainable and inclusive development in line with Angola 's 
long-term development vision "Angola  2050". The EU acknowledges the importance of ongoing 
efforts regarding the diversification of the oil -dependent economy, which is vital to reduce Angola 's 
vulnerability to external shocks and to create jobs. We welcome the fact that promoting investments 
and private sector growth are at the centre of "Angola  2050" and of the 2023 -2027 National 
Development Plan. This is all the more important now that the m acroeconomic outlook is 
deteriorating, with growth estimated to slow down to 1.3% and public debt to increase to 85% of 
GDP in 2023.  
4.65.   The EU has a strong and comprehensive partnership with Angola encompassing political, trade 
and cooperation relations refl ected in the "Joint Way Forward ". This is supported through significant 
Global Gateway flagships such as the Lobito  Corridor. The Lobito  Corridor will create economic 
opportunities, value and jobs for Angola, the Democratic  Republic  of the Congo and Zambia . It is 
already attracting significant investments. We look forward to learning more about the plans to 
harmonize trade/border procedures with your neighbouring countries.  
4.66.   The EU and Angola have long economic ties and are important trade and investment partners. 
The EU is Angola 's second main trade partner and first investment partner and we continue to be 
the biggest direct donor for development aid in Angola.  
4.67.   In 2022, EU -Angola bilateral trade flows reached all -time record in our trade flow s (around 
EUR 17.8 billion) - a nearly four times growth compared to 2021 ( EUR 4.6 billion). In 2023 trade 
flows decreased to EUR  12.8 billion, mainly due to decrease in value of Angola 's exports of oil to 
the EU. While Angola 's exports to the EU are still  highly concentrated in oil and related products 
(around 94%) and diamonds (another 5%), there are signs that Angola 's efforts at diversification 
are already bearing fruit, as demonstrated by the increase of exports of agricultural and fishery 
products.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.68.   The EU welcomes the signature of the Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement signed 
at the EU -Angola business forum on 17  November  2023. This is a clear recognition of Angola 's 
investment potential beyond the oil and gas sector, and of the path of bus iness-friendly reforms 
already accomplished by Angola. The Agreement is an important signal to investors –that Angola is 
ready for business. The EU welcomes Angola 's participation in the Investment Facilitation for 
Development Agreement that, once entered into the WTO rulebook and implemented, will unlock 
further benefits in attracting foreign direct investment for developing countries.  
4.69.   In order to magnify the message of openness to business, now it would be the time to start 
negotiations for accession to the EU -Southern African Development Community (SADC) Economic 
Partnership Agreement. Angola 's accession to the EU -SADC EPA is expected to have a positive effect 
on bilateral and regional trade and investment. It would ensure that Angolan economic operators  
continue benefit ing from tariff preferences while exporting to the EU market after graduating from 
LDC status, or when cumulating origin with other countries in the region.  
4.70.   What is equally important is that Angola advances in its talks with other SADC countries on 
accession to the SADC Trade Protocol – this will strengthen regional economic integration and offer 
further possibilities to develop regional value chains. Currently less than 5% of Angola 's imports 
originates in the SADC region (mostly S outh Africa). We believe that Angola 's accession to the EPA 
and to the SADC trade protocol will contribute to Angola 's goal of economic and trade diversification.  
4.71.   Turning now to a few concerns and as a general remark, the EU would invite Angola to fully 
respect WTO rules when adopting measures affecting trade and investment. Let me now highlight a 
few issues that the EU has raised also in its written questions and that are considered and confirmed 
by EU operators as difficulties for trade.  
4.72.   While we fully s upport Angola 's efforts at diversification of its economy and development of 
national production, this should take place in full compatibility with WTO rules. The EU is concerned 
with the implementation of the PRODESI programme as it could result in import  substitution through 
measures, which amount to barriers to trade in the form of non -automatic licensing requirements 
conditional on fulfilment of domestic purchase requirements. While the new Presidential Decree 
No. 213/23 is still under consultations, it  is important that Angola ensure its compatibility with WTO 
rules.  
4.73.   Concerning Angola 's high security tax stamps, we understand the underlying motivations for 
this scheme. We want, however, to call on Angola to make the system workable for economic 
operator s from outside Angola, including by allowing for a sufficient transition period and a full 
exhaustion of stocks of un -stamped products that are already on the market.  
4.74.   We would like to thank Angola for the responses to our questions. On behalf of the EU, I wish 
Angola's delegation the utmost success during its third Trade Policy Review.  
TÜRKİYE  
4.75.   I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Angola led today by 
H.E. Augusta  Fortes, Secretary of State for Trade and Services.  
4.76.   We thank the Secr etariat and the Government of Angola for their comprehensive reports, as 
well as Permanent Representative of Brazil for his remarks as discussant.  
4.77.   We commend Angola 's ambitious and comprehensive economic reforms implemented during 
the review period to furt her diversify its economy.  
4.78.   The last decade was not an easy one for many countries around the world and Angola as an 
LDC was no exception.  
4.79.   However, despite all the challenges, we are pleased to see that country 's economic growth 
picked up pace in 2022.  
4.80.   We w elcome elimination of tariffs by Angola for almost 43% of tariff lines during the review 
period and ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2019.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.81.   With regard to the degree of implementation of WTO agreements as outlined in the 
Government Report, Türkiye understands the need for longer transition periods to adapt Angola 's 
national legislation and importance of continued technical assistance and special and differential 
treatment.  
4.82.   We hope that these flexibilities as well as technical assistance a nd capacity building activities 
will pave the way for participation of Angolan firms in global value chains and an increase in the 
country 's share in global trade.  
4.83.   Türkiye 's engagement with Africa is based on the principles of equal partnership and mutual 
benefit.  
4.84.   Since the adoption of our Outreach to Africa Action Plan, our bilateral relations throughout the 
Continent achieved great strides.  
4.85.   We are pleased that third Türki ye-Africa Partnership Ministerial Review Conference will be held 
this year.  
4.86.   We see Angola as an important partner in the region and we thank Angola for supporting our 
endeavours to improve cooperation with regional organizations in the African continent.  
4.87.   The mutual presidential visits in 2021 and the signing of nearly 20  agreements gave great 
impetus to already growing relations.  
4.88.   Although bilateral trade volume has seen an exponential upward trend for the last 
two decades, it is clear that it does not repr esent the true potential.  
4.89.   To boost bilateral economic and trade ties for mutual benefit of our people, we are working 
to fix a date to hold the next session of the meeting of Joint Economic Commission.  
4.90.   Our leading companies are taking part in important pr ojects in Angola in a wide range of 
sectors, creating job opportunities for Angolans and contributing to the development of the country.  
4.91.   As stated in the Secretariat Report, we are happy to be the fifth largest foreign investor in the 
country.  
4.92.   Another area that Turkish companies are active is the contracting sector, five projects have 
been carried out so far in Angola by Turkish contractors. The total value of these projects is over 
USD 800 million.  
4.93.   Taking this opportunity, we would like to brin g to your attention concerns expressed by our 
companies regarding the restriction of foreign currency supply.  
4.94.   Türkiye is ready to continue cooperation in renewable energy, mineral exploration and 
production, oil, natural gas and energy efficiency with Ango la in the future.  
4.95.   We will always look for ways and means to contribute to the prosperity and stability of Africa 
in line with our "African solutions to African problems " principle.  
4.96.   Against this backdrop, we deeply appreciate Angola 's efforts for the preser vation of regional 
peace and security.  
4.97.   Türkiye, as a developing country and close friend and committed partner of Africa will always 
stand by Angola in its further integration to the multilateral trading system and its development 
journey.  
4.98.   We wish Angola a successful Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  CABO  VERDE  
4.99.   Allow me to begin by welcoming the delegation of Angola and warmly congratulating Angola 
on its third Trade Policy Review at the WTO. I should like to extend our greetings and congratulations 
to H.E.  Ambassado r Mr Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota of Brazil for his contribution as discussant.  
4.100.   We should like to congratulate H.E.  Ms Margarida  da Silva Izata, Ambassador and 
Representative of Angola to the WTO, and her team for their impressive work, without which we 
would not be able to carry out this important exercise.  
4.101.   We should also like to commend the Secretariat team for the excellent work before us, as 
well as the Angolan technical experts and delegation for their report, providing us with a clear 
overview of An gola's economy.  
4.102.   Angola and Cabo  Verde are Portuguese -speaking countries with a common history and were 
both among the last African countries to gain independence in 1975. Angola's economic and 
development record is remarkable in the face of the various iss ues encountered when laying the 
foundations for and stimulating the country's economic and social progress, particularly during the 
civil war and regional instability that marked the post -independence period.  
4.103.   Like Cabo  Verde, Angola is a member of the Afri can Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), 
having ratified the agreement in 2020, and is working on its schedule of concessions to liberalize 
trade on the African continent.  
4.104.   Despite the COVID -19 pandemic, and fluctuating prices and demand for oil, Angola 
introduced major reforms during the review period (2015 –2023) and has experienced sustained GDP 
growth since 2020. The country has wisely invested in diversifying its economy and is looking to 
develop other sectors of activity with a post -oil future in mind.  
4.105.   The reforms undertaken by the Government, including its privatization and quality 
infrastructure programmes, and in terms of customs legislation, trade facilitation and investment 
incentives, will surely boost the development of the country's economy.  
4.106.   Cabo Verde encourages Angola, as a large coastal State, to give a clear sign of its 
commitment to protecting fisheries resources by ratifying the WTO Agreement on Fisheries 
Subsidies.  
4.107.   In closing, we should like to invite all Members and development organizati ons to continue 
to support Angola's reform efforts to enable the country to overcome challenges and keep moving 
forward in its development process.  
4.108.   I wish Angola every success in this exercise. Thank you for your kind attention.  
SAMOA ON BEHALF OF THE ACP GROUP  
4.109.   I take the floor today, on behalf of my Ambassador, to deliver this statement on behalf of 
the ACP  Group; to extend our warmest congratulations to Angola on their third Trade Policy Review 
at the WTO. I would like to extend our gratitude to Ambassad or H.E.  Mr Guilherme  de Aguiar Patriota  
of Brazil for his contributions as the discussant. The ACP  Group appreciates the many years of 
cooperation with Angola, who has continuously proven to be a dependable and dedicated member 
of the ACP  Group. Through th is support, Angola was able to advance in various aspects. In this 
regard, we would also like to recognize the active participation in the WTO by Ambassador 
H.E. Ms Margarida  da Silva Izata and her team in Geneva.  
4.110.   Angola initiated economic reform to shift from being state -led and oil -centred  to being led 
by the private sector and diversified. Implemented in difficult economic circumstances and made 
worse by the COVID -19 pandemic, Angola 's reform program me has extensively addressed economic 
governance, laws,  and legislative structures, incentives, government procurement, investment, and 
competition policy. This economic reform resulted in a plethora of trade policies implemented to 
achieve positive change within its economy. This is reflected specifically reg arding trade processes WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  following Angola 's ratification of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) in 2019, and the 
establishment of an inter -ministerial National Commission for Trade Negotiations.  
4.111.   Regardless of the previous years of negative real GDP growth, in 2022 Angola 's economy 
was able to recover and their trade in goods and services currently represent almost 70% of its GDP. 
Although oil and gas contributed to the majority of Angola 's merchandise exports, half of their fiscal 
revenue, and roughl y 30% of their GDP; Agriculture production has increased reaching 9% of GDP 
in 2022 from slightly less than 6% in 2015, thanks to their economic diversification efforts. 
Additionally, with the reforms enacted under the 2018 IMF program, Angola 's public deb t has fallen 
significantly to half of what it was 2020, with the public debt -to-GDP ratio being less than 70% of 
their GDP in 2022.  
4.112.   Angola continues to reshape its economy through various reforms such as macroeconomic 
policies that shifts their national c entral bank towards more independence and a more flexible 
exchange rate regime. These changes within the financial sector have allowed Angola to 
tremendously recede their inflation rate from 41% in 2016 to less than 14% in 2022. These positive 
changes in i ts real GDP highlight the importance of international trade on Angola 's economy, and 
the role the economic reforms have contributed toward its GDP.  
4.113.   We celebrate Angola 's trade policy accomplishments . We also hope that Angola will benefit 
from the recent decisions in favo ur of LDCs, particularly on the WTO smooth transition support 
measures in favo ur of countries graduated from the LDC  category, noting that Angola is in line to 
graduate in a couple of years.  
4.114.   Our shared core objective is to achieve developmental outcomes, we therefore congratulate 
Angola and call on WTO Members to work with Angola to provide assistance and support to them in 
their participation in the WTO and the multilateral trading sy stem.  
TIMOR -LESTE  
4.115.   Timor -Leste would like to associate itself with the statement delivered by Samoa on behalf 
of the ACP  Group.  
4.116.   We would like to join others in warmly welcoming the delegation of Angola led by 
H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Ind ustry and Trade , and commend their strong political 
commitment to participating in the WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism, with a view to improving 
its compliance to rules, disciplines and commitments made under the multilateral trade agreements, 
and where applicable, the plurilateral trade agreements.  
4.117.   My delegation would like to express our appreciation to the Chair, Ambassador 
Saqer  Almoqbel ; the discussant, Ambassador Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota ; and the Secretariat for 
their insightful perspectives.  
4.118.   Timor -Leste and Angola have a long and strong history of bilateral cooperation. Our 
partnership spans all sectors with a strong commitment to economic cooperation. This encompasses 
the support of Ango la, together with the Community of Portuguese -Speaking Countries (CPLP), 
throughout Timor -Leste 's WTO accession process, which led to the formal adoption and signing of 
our Protocol of Accession at the MC13.  
4.119.   In accordance with the Secretariat Report, we wo uld like to commend Angola for its recent 
major progress in structural economic reforms and ongoing efforts to liberalize and diversify its 
economic potential in order to advance its national economic growth and participation in the 
multilateral trading sy stem.  
4.120.   Timor -Leste acknowledges Angola 's efforts over the period covered by this report and wishes 
the Angolan delegation a successful conclusion to its country 's Trade Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  MAURITIUS  
4.121.   Let me start by extending a very warm welcome to the Angola d elegation led by the 
H.E. Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade; and represented by 
H.E. Mrs Augusta  Fortes,  Secretary of State for Trade and Services.  
4.122.   I also thank the Secretariat for its Report and Ambassador Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriot a for 
his insightful remarks.  
4.123.   In congratulating Angola for undertaking this Trade Policy Review, I would like to underscore 
the efforts it continues to make to extensively reform its economy moving it from a State -led and 
oil centred focus to a more diversified economy led by the private sector.  
4.124.   All of us have been affected by the COVID -19 pandemic and Angola 's efforts have no doubt 
been somewhat dampened by this. As an example, travel service s exports decreased strongly in 
Angola during this period and has not reverted to pre -pandemic levels.  
4.125.   Despite this, Angola moved from a period of negative real GDP growth between 2016 -2020 
to a resumption of growth in 2021 and 2022 as oil production recovered.  
4.126.   The introduction of the value added tax has also boo sted revenues from the non -oil sector.  
4.127.   In 2022, the public debt to GDP  ratio of Angola stood at slightly less than 70% of GDP, 
roughly half of its level two years earlier.  
4.128.   We also note a drop in inflation from 41% in 2016 to less than 14% in 2022.  
4.129.   Whilst e fforts are underway to diversify the economy, we note that Angola has already 
diversified into alternative energy product exports with liquefied natural gas representing 
almost  13% of merchandise export s in 2022.  
4.130.   We also take note that diamonds represent a lmost 4% of total merchandise exports in 2022 
and hope that that a home -grown jewellery sector can emerge.  
4.131.   With the introduction of the PRODESI programme to support domestic production, export 
diversification and import substitution, we believe there will be greater progress made in this 
direction.  
4.132.   It would be interesting to hear more from the Angola delegation as to how a "balanced" 
application of higher import tariffs will be undertaken to assist domestic firms to learn, invest and 
innovate before facing foreign competition. As the discussant said earlier, Angola is not the only 
country thinking in this direction.  
4.133.   Indeed, the competition between nascent industries and well -established ones at 
international level has always been a challenge.  
4.134.   As an LDC, Ang ola fully understands that the growth of its domestic industries will require 
sufficient policy space to be able to emerge.  
4.135.   In such a context, being a beneficiary of preferential schemes is important. And we note that 
Angola benefits from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and from several GSP schemes 
dedicated to LDC 's. We welcome such preferential access but appreciate that more is required to 
help domestic industries emerge.  
4.136.   These industries will require basic infrastructure such as electricity which remains a 
significant obstacle to date in Angola. We note that Angola has made significant progress towards 
integrating some of its regional electricity systems. We encourage further improvement in this area 
and were heartened to hear of the efforts being made by development partners to support such 
infrastructural consolidation.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.137.   We also welcome the new investment legislation that provides guaranties for private 
investors including with respect to expropriation. This will make investmen t incentives more 
persuasive, streamlined, transparent and predictable.  
4.138.   Further, the establishment of AIPEX, the new Agency for Private Investment and Export 
Promotion as a one stop shop to deal with all private investment procedures, will no doubt further  
support the inflow of investments which in turn will open up employment opportunities.  
4.139.   We congratulate Angola for the establishment of an  inter-ministerial National Commission 
for Trade Negotiations which brings the focus on trade at a very high level. We  also congratulate it 
for ratifying the Trade Facilitation Agreement.  
4.140.   Finally , Mauritius shares very good bilateral relation with Angola as members of the 
African  Union, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Group of African, 
Caribbean and Pacific States (ACP).  
4.141.   We follow with interest the developments in Angola and express the wish that the co untry  
should continue to prosper peacefully.  
4.142.   I cannot  conclude without recogni zing Ambassador Margarida  da Silva Izata, my sister who 
always concludes our meetings with "A luta continu a".  
4.143.   "Avante Angol a": We wish you a very successful Review.  
KENYA  
4.144.   Thank you Chair ; H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade ; 
H.E. Mrs Augusta  Fortes, Secretary of State for Trade and Services ; 
H.E. Mrs Margarida  da Silva Izata, Ambassador and Permanent Representative in Geneva ; 
distinguished delegates . 
4.145.   On behalf of the Republic of Kenya, I wish to congratulate Angola on the occasion of its third 
WTO Trade Policy Review. I also commend H.E.  Mr Guilherme  de Aguiar Patriota , Permanent 
Representative of Brazil, for his insightful discourse as discussant. In addition, I thank the Secretariat 
for the unwa vering support in Angola 's Trade Policy Review process and for preparing the 
comprehensive Report.  
4.146.   I take this opportunity to commend Angola 's valuable contribution to the work at the WTO 
despite the constraints that typically encumber many developing, and  least developed Members. 
Angola 's ratification of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation during the review period is a 
demonstration of its commitment to the multilateral trading system.  
4.147.   It is worth noting that, Angola's external trade in goods and services  accounted for an 
estimated 70% of its GDP in 2022, with the oil sector accounting for about 47% of total GDP, 80% 
of export earnings and 75% of government revenue. Kenya lauds Angola 's ambition to shift from an 
oil-centric economy to a more diversified on e prioritizing the hotel and tourism sectors. The steps 
already taken to simplify and modernize its trade processes, including by reducing the number of 
documents needed to register as a trader, adopting a customs automation system, introducing an 
authoriz ed economic operator programme, and working towards the full implementation of a single 
window have positioned Angola for more robust trade.  
4.148.   Kenya commends Angola for the economic momentum that saw it exit a five -year recession, 
with GDP growing by about 2 .9% in 2022, and inflation dropping slightly to 23.2%. Angola's reform 
programme, which encompassed economic governance, policies, and regulatory frameworks, 
including on investment, competition policy, state -owned enterprises (SOEs), incentives, and 
gover nment procurement has been a catalyst for this upturn. Kenya notes Angola 's initiatives to 
streamline trade processes, including the establishment of an inter -ministerial National Commission 
for Trade Negotiations. The programme to support domestic product ion, export diversification, and 
import substitution (PRODESI), which targets a broad range of economic sectors for import 
substitution, is also noteworthy.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.149.   Aside from the multilateral trade relations involving Kenya and Angola within the ambit of 
the WTO , our countries are both Members of the Africa Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) 
Agreement. Kenya 's exports to Angola increased by 207.56% to USD  2.48 million in 2022 while 
Imports increased by 273.02% to reach USD  114,320  during the same period. Kenya predominantly 
exports machinery and interestingly, primarily imports cotton from Angola. The trade balance has 
consistently been in favour of Kenya, though the gap has been steadily closing in the last few years. 
The AfCFTA provides an opportunity to boost  intra Africa trade, more specifically the bilateral trade 
relations between Kenya and Angola.  
4.150.   We look forward to closer trade ties and wish Angola every success in implementing trade 
and related initiatives that seek to improve its economy.  
4.151.   Lastly, Kenya aligns with the statements delivered on behalf of the Africa n Group, and the 
ACP Group.  
CHAD ON BEHALF OF THE AFRICAN GROUP  
4.152.   The African  Group welcomes the delegation of Angola, led by distinguished individuals, with 
whom it stands in complete solidarity. The African  Group should like to thank the Head of Delegation 
for his detailed presentation, and extends its thanks and congratulations to the Permanent 
Representative of Angola in Geneva and her whole team for their very constructive role in p reserving 
and consolidating multilateral trade governance.  
4.153.   The African Group values the WTO's commitment to support the significant efforts made by 
Angola to create both favourable conditions for its development and an important dynamic for trade 
and the m ultilateral trading system. The African  Group commends Angola's vision regarding the key 
strategic pillars of its overall policy.  
4.154.   This includes improving public governance, building a competitive economy that generates 
growth, developing human resources, a nd ambitious and broad economic reforms, with the goal of 
shifting from a State -led, oil -centred economy to a diversified one driven by the private sector.  
4.155.   The African  Group commends Angola's efforts to reform its macroeconomic policy in different 
sectors,  including the constitutional amendment to increase the independence of the national central 
bank and the transition towards a flexible exchange rate regime, which will reduce the risk of kwanza 
overvaluation, support competitiveness and facilitate trade d iversification efforts.  
4.156.   The African  Group also commends Angola for updating and simplifying trade processes and 
customs procedures; combatting money -laundering in order to increase banking transparency; 
adopting legislation to reduce the public debt -to-GDP ratio and the non -oil primary fiscal deficit; and 
facilitating trade and investment.  
4.157.   According to the report by the Secretariat, trade of goods and services in Angola represented 
almost 70% of GDP in 2022, reflecting the importance of international trade for the Angolan 
economy.  
4.158.   Angola is a founding member of the African  Union and belongs to two of its regional economic 
communities. Angola has ratified the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area 
(AfCFTA), which is a glimmer of hope, offering significant opportunities for companies across the 
continent. Angola could benefit from this African framework.  
4.159.   The African  Group notes that all the reforms undertaken by Angola are part of a long -term 
strategic plan and vision to improve th e business climate and attract investment for economic 
diversification and inclusive growth.  
4.160.   Angola's efforts undoubtedly help to strengthen the transparency and predictability of its 
trade regime, its economy and the multilateral trading system.  
4.161.   The Afric an Group salutes Angola's vision regarding compliance with multilateral trade rules, 
its determination to meet notification requirements and its commitment to fulfilling its WTO 
obligations.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.162.   Angola has undertaken all these commendable initiatives despite a  challenging environment 
and an international geopolitical situation characterized by uncertainty. The African  Group 
encourages WTO Members and all technical and financial partners to support Angola in pursuing its 
efforts, particularly with respect to the  structural transformation of its economy and technology 
transfer.  
4.163.   The African  Group wishes Angola every success in its third Trade Policy Review.  
DJIBOUTI ON BEHALF OF THE LDC GROUP  
4.164.   We welcome the delegation of Angola, led by the Secretary of State for Tr ade and Services, 
Ms Augusta  Fortes, and we thank the Ambassador of Brazil for his presentation.  
4.165.   Political, historical and cultural ties mean that Angola enjoys fraternal and friendly relations 
with many members of the LDC Group, inspiring the gradual esta blishment of economic ties.  
4.166.   The LDC Group commends Angola's efforts to build a dynamic, diversified economy within 
an incentive -rich legal and institutional framework. We welcome Angola's commitment to the 
promotion of international trade and regional inte gration taking full account of the development 
dimension.  
4.167.   This explains Angola's involvement and valued and effective participation in the WTO's 
negotiating work over a number of years, both through its Geneva -based team, led by 
H.E. Ms Margarida  da Silva Izata, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Angola in Geneva, 
and the experts and authorities in Luanda.  
4.168.   The LDC Group congratulates Angola on its economic and trade performance since its 
previous Trade Policy Review in 2015, particularly in relation  to: 
• Positive changes to trade policies, including with respect to trade processes, following 
Angola's ratification of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) in 2019, and the 
establishment of an inter -ministerial National Commission for Trade Negotiat ions, without 
forgetting the ongoing ratification process of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.  
• Macroeconomic policy reforms, including the constitutional amendment to increase the 
independence of the national central bank (BNA), have helped reduce in flation during the 
period under review, from around 41% at the end of 2016 to less than 14% in 2022.  
• We commend Angola's economic diversification efforts, adoption of a customs automation 
system, and introduction of a single window to simplify and update  its trade processes.  
4.169.   We are, however, aware of the significant challenges faced by Angola, particularly in terms 
of infrastructure and poverty eradication, that limit its development.  
4.170.   We support all the measures the Government is implementing to reform an d develop 
programmes for the industrialization and diversification of Angola's economy, including the 
programme for export diversification and import substitution (PRODESI) and the Industrial 
Development Plan 2025.  
4.171.   As regards the upcoming graduation of Ang ola from LDC status and the recent decision on 
LDC graduation, Angola can continue to receive technical assistance and support to build its trade 
capacity, in order to consolidate its development efforts.  
4.172.   To conclude, we commend both the efforts to diversi fy the economy and the investment in 
a range of infrastructure for industry, transport, tourism and other service sectors, and in all areas 
likely to further the country's development.  
4.173.   We call on WTO Members to continue to support Angola to help it achieve  its Sustainable 
Development Goals.  
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  CAMERO ON 
4.174.   On behalf of my Ambassador, who is unable to attend because of a scheduling conflict and 
sends his apologies, I should like to take this opportunity to extend my warmest congratulations to 
the delegation of Angola, led by H.E. the Minister of Industry and Trade, who is accompanied here 
today by H.E. the Secretary of State for Trade and Services, H.E. Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative Margarida  da Silva Izata, and the experts from Geneva an d the capital, for the third 
review of Angola's trade policies at the WTO.  
4.175.   While fully supporting the statements made on behalf of the African  Group and the 
ACP Group, my delegation should also like to acknowledge the relevant elements highlighted by H.E. 
the Ambassador of Brazil in his statement. We commend the WTO Secretariat for its comprehensive 
report. My delegation welcomes the institutional, economic and trade progress made by the Angolan 
Government following innovative reforms, despite certain facto rs linked to the gloomy international 
economic environment. These reforms have not only allowed the country to diversify the economic 
sectors driving economic growth (particularly the energy and mining sectors with the exploitation of 
oil and diamonds, and  the agriculture and fisheries sector), but also to improve the business 
environment, while at the same time working to attract foreign direct investment. It is worth noting 
that gas production and exports (mainly in the form of liquefied natural gas) saw strong growth. 
Angola is also the world's third largest exporter of diamonds (seventh largest producer) and has 
significant resources of iron, copper and gold, as well as rare earth elements and strategic metals.  
4.176.   Angola's economic performance over the last  two years has allowed the country to become 
the fifth largest economy in sub -Saharan Africa, behind Nigeria, South  Africa, Ethiopia and Kenya, 
with a GDP of USD  107 billion (World  Bank) This performance was also the fruit of a trade -friendly, 
structured p olicy open to foreign competition and to free access to its domestic market. It was also 
facilitated by the country's ratification of the Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) in 2019, as well 
as the establishment of the inter -ministerial National Commissi on for Trade Negotiations.  
4.177.   With regard to the agriculture sector - a priority for the country's economic diversification - 
Angola's potential remains considerable with 35  million hectares of arable land, of which only 
5.6 million hectares are cultivated. I n order to attain the Sustainable Development Goals while 
focusing on food security, the Angolan Government has put in place three important programmes, 
namely PLANAGRÃO, which seeks to promote agricultural production of cereals; PLANAPESCAS to 
promote fis heries; and PLANAPECUÁRIA to promote and develop livestock farming.  
4.178.   With regard to its process of intra -African trade integration and promotion, my delegation 
also welcomes the work undertaken by Angola with the United Nations Economic Commission for 
Africa to accelerate the operationalization of its national strategy to implement the AfCFTA in 2024.  
4.179.   In conclusion, we congratulate Angola on the considerable progress it has made in the 
context of trade policy measures taken. Angola's economy is and remains an important strategic 
asset for trade competitiveness within the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). 
At the bilateral level, Cameroon and Angola, which have long -standing ties of friendship and 
cooperation, will continue to work together  to explore new areas for partnerships and opportunities 
in various areas of technical cooperation; to work meaningfully in different WTO forums to 
strengthen common interests essential to realizing their development outcomes and commitments 
within the WTO ; and to facilitate the integration of their economies, as LDCs, into global multilateral 
trade.  
4.180.   In addition to wishing Angola every success in its Trade Policy Review, we extend our 
appreciation to the Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Angola to the WTO, 
H.E. Ms da Silva Izata and her entire team of experts in Geneva, for the enormous amount of work 
that has gone into preparing for this Review.  
MOZAMBIQUE  
4.181.   H.E. Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade ; H.E. Augusta  Fortes, Secretary 
of State for Trade and Services ; H.E. Margarida  da Silva Izata, Ambassador of the Permanent 
Mission in Genebra ; Excellencies, and d istinguished delegates .  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.182.   On behalf of the Republic of Mozambique, I would like to express our appreciation to Angola 
for its third Trade Policy Review at the WTO. We are grateful to H.E.  Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota, 
Ambassador of Brazil, for his contributions as discussant and the WTO Secretariat for their Report.  
4.183.   Mozambique and Angola have had historical relations for many ye ars. Relations between the 
two countries were marked by the signing of the General Agreement for Economic, Scientific, 
Technical and Cultural Cooperation on 5  September  1978 and the establishment of the Bilateral 
Cooperation Commission on the same date. During which time several cooperation agreements have 
been signed, with an emphasis on bilateral agreements in various fields, including science and 
technology, mining, energy, fisheries, tourism, and others.  
4.184.   Both countries are members of the African  Union (AU), the Community of Portuguese -
speaking Countries (CPLP), the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and have both 
ratified the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).  
4.185.   In 2015, Mozambique and Angola signed the reciprocal investment promotion and protection 
agreement. In November  2023, the Angola -Mozambique Chamber of Commerce and Industry 
(CCIAM) was established to strengthen and create solid business opportunities between the 
two countries.  
4.186.   With regard to the last TPR in 2015, Ango la has taken steps to simplify and modernize its 
trade processes, including by reducing the number of documents necessary to register as a trader, 
adopting a customs automation system, introducing an authorized economic operator programme, 
and working towa rds the full implementation of a single window.  
4.187.   Trade of goods and services contributed almost 70% of GDP in 2022, reflecting the 
importance of international trade to the Angolan economy. Angola's exports totalled about 
USD 51.3 billion in 2022, up from a lmost USD 34 billion in 2015.  
4.188.   Angola allocated USD  1.3 billion annually in 2018 and 2019 as total support estimate (TSE) 
to its agricultural sector. This amount represented 1.5% of Angola's total GDP and was equivalent 
to 28.5% of its agriculture GDP. We note that agricultural production has grown rapidly in recent 
years, reaching 9 % of GDP in 2022, up from just under 6 % in 2015.  
4.189.   In conclusion, we welcome Angola's third trade review and wish it the best of outcomes. We 
call on WTO  Member s to continue to w ork with and support Angola in the multilateral trading system.  
4.190.   Finally, we associate ourselves with the statement made by Samoa on behalf of the ACP 
Group, Djibouti on behalf of the LDC Group and Chad on behalf of the African Group.  
CONGO  
4.191.   Thank you, Chai r, H.E.  Ms Augusta  Fortes, Secretary of State for Trade and Services; 
distinguished Ambassadors; ladies and gentlemen; esteemed delegates.  
4.192.   I am taking the floor on behalf of my Ambassador who is unable to join us because of a 
scheduling conflict. We also e cho the statements delivered by the African Group and the ACP  Group.  
4.193.   Congo would like to welcome the delegation of the Republic of Angola to your third Trade 
Policy Review and we extend to you our sincere and warm congratulations. Congo wishes to thank 
the discussant, H.E.  Mr Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota, Ambassador of Brazil, for his tact.  
4.194.   My delegation would also like to commend the work and energy of 
H.E. Ms Margarida  Rosa da Silva Izata and her team in Geneva, and thank them for their 
contributions, par ticularly in discussions in WTO bodies.  
4.195.   Lastly, we thank the WTO Secretariat for its professionalism in making the reports available 
for this Review.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.196.   Congo and Angola share a common history of struggle against colonialism, as well as a long 
border and the same culture, as some of our peoples can trace their ancestry back to the Kingdom 
of Kongo.  
4.197.   We prize the long -standing multidimensional cooperation between our countries, as 
evidenced by the many state visits of our Heads of State, their Excellencies 
Mr Denis  Sassou  N'guesso and Mr  João Lourenço.  
4.198.   Thanks to this cooperation, our governments have been able to maintain relations and 
support each other during challenging times in their history, and to provide common solutions to 
chaotic situations that jeop ardized the very existence of our countries.  
4.199.   Congo and Angola share an identical economic structure, largely based on oil exports. They 
are both members of the African  Union, the ACP  Group, the WTO and the AfCFTA. They also belong 
to the same regional inte gration area, the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).  
4.200.   As such, Congo welcomes the economic reforms undertaken by Angola in an effort to 
diversify and transform its economic structure, which has to date been focused on oil revenue. These 
reforms have reduced the inflation rate significantly, down from 41% in 2016 to less than 14% 
in 2022. In particular, they have led to the implementation of a certain number of measures to bring 
about positive changes.  
4.201.   My country therefore encourages Angola  to maintain that momentum and to continue to 
promote market openness, in order to attract investment and to offer solutions with a view to 
improving people's well -being.  
4.202.   Furthermore, as a country on the verge of graduating from the LDC category in the next few 
years, Congo hopes that Angola will benefit from the recent WTO Ministerial Decision in favour of 
countries graduating from that category.  
4.203.   We wish Angola every success in its Trade Policy Review.  
ZIMBABWE  
4.204.   Mr Chair ; H.E. Mrs Augusta  Fortes, Secreta ry of State for Trade and Services ; 
H.E. Mrs Margarida  da Silva Izata, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Angola to 
the WTO.  
4.205.   Zimbabwe welcomes the Angolan delegation to their third Trade Policy Review and 
congratulates the country for the hard work  in the preparation of this review. We thank the 
discussant Ambassador Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota of Brazil for his insight presentation and the 
Secretariat for the Report that is detailed in all the economic spheres.  
4.206.   Zimbabwe aligns with the statement b y Chad on behalf of the African  Group and Samoa on 
behalf of the African Caribbean and Pacific States.  
4.207.   Our two countries enjoy cordial political and economic relations and are both Members of 
SADC, the African Continental Free Trade Area and the African  Union. 
4.208.   Despite the negative impact of the COVID -19 pandemic which impacted negatively on all 
sectors of the economy, the Angolan Government continued to implement the 2018 -2022 National 
Development Plan that included programmes to support production, substit ute imports and diversify 
exports; agricultural, manufacturing and livestock production; and development and consolidation 
of the oil and the gas sector among others.  
4.209.   We appreciate the structural reforms notably the improvement of the business environment 
as this is key in the implementation of programmes under the African Continental Free Trade Area. 
Measures to simplify administration and reduce bureaucracy is well appreciated. Such policies will 
enhance more business activities within our region.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.210.   As an a gro-based economy, Zimbabwe appreciates the work that the Angolan Government 
is doing to increase production in agriculture and this is important for food security. Infrastructure 
development to support agriculture which is dominated by family agricultural holdings which occupy 
92% of cultivated areas is well appreciated.  
4.211.   To our bilateral trade between Zimbabwe and Angola, the level is still low compared to the 
opportunities that can be offered by our two countries. A number of draft proposals ha ve been 
forwarded to Angola and are still to be concluded. These include:  
• Proposal for a Bilateral Technical and Economic Cooperation Agreement, which is meant to 
increase cooperation in trade, participating at each other 's trade fairs and exchange of 
business delegations;  
• Memorandum of Understanding on industrial cooperation, which seeks to encourage 
cooperation between the two countries by sharing experiences based on present 
manufacturing capacity and desired goals in industrial development;  
• Cooperation  in Mining in the field of geology, mining and mineral trade; and an draft MOU 
on economic, Investment and Trade Cooperation.  
4.212.   We believe that the conclusion of these MOUs will enhance African intra -trade and economic 
activities as envisaged in the Africa w e want to see develop through the African Continental Free 
Trade Area.  
4.213.   Zimbabwe wishes Angola success in this third Trade Policy Review.  
INDIA1  
4.214.   India is pleased to participate in the third Trade Policy Review of Angola and extends a warm 
welcome to the d elegation from Angola led by H.E.  Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry 
and Trade. We also thank the discussant Ambassador, H.E.  Mr Guilherme  da Silva Patriota of Brazil 
for his comprehensive and insightful remarks at the beginning of the TPR an d the Secretariat and 
Government of Angola for their comprehensive reports.  
4.215.   We are happy to note that since its last Review in 2015 Angola has made numerous 
legislative and policy changes with emphasis on actions to foster economic activity, including export 
promotion towards achieving the objectives set out in its National Development Plan. It is also 
praiseworthy that Angola's easing of visa regime for 98 countries recently, including India, would 
facilitate people -to-people movement and enh ance trade relations.  
4.216.   Coming to India -Angola bilateral relations, they date back to pre -independence era of Angola 
and are underpinned by a vibrant energy partnership. In an act of solidarity, India supported Angolan 
freedom struggle against the colonial rule until the country attained independence in 1975.  
4.217.   At present, India is the third largest trading partner of Angola, sharing about 10% of Angola's 
external trade mainly on account of bulk crude oil purchase. The balance of around USD  4.2 billion 
bilate ral trade is in Angola's favour. However, Indian exports to Angola are also recording a new 
high. The exports of USD  622 million in 2022 -23 depicted a major increase of around 37.6% on 
year-on-year basis.  
4.218.   Bilateral visits and interactions continue in earn est. Exactly a year back, Honourable Health 
Minister of Angola visited India to participate in Pharma Live Expo and Summit. An Indian 
parliamentary delegation from both Houses of our Parliament attended the IPU Summit in Luanda 
in October  2023. Since the l ast trade review, India and Angola have signed several bilateral 
arrangements, notable among them are Agreement on Establishment of Ministerial Level Bilateral 
Commission in 2017, MOU on cooperation in the fields of electronics and information technology 
in 2018, MOU for cooperation in the field of health and medicine in 2020.  
 
1 Statement delivered during the second day of the meeting.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  4.219.   As far as issues are concerned, we express hope that Angola will take further steps to 
strengthen and implement SPS and TBT measures. We have some requests pending in this regard 
and at present discussing them to resolve bilaterally.  
4.220.   As stated in the Secretariat Report, exports of Angola are eligible to benefit from specific 
schemes for LDCs provided including the one by India. India was the first developing country to 
extend the dut y-free tariff preferences (DFTP) facility to LDCs in 2008. Currently the benefit is 
extended to 36 LDCs. India is open to engage bilaterally with Angola and other non -beneficiary LDCs 
to extend this scheme for greater market access. We will request our Mis sion in Angola to share 
relevant procedures and document with esteemed Angola side. In closing, we congratulate 
Mrs Margarida  da Silva Izata, Ambassador of the Permanent Mission of Angola to the WTO and her 
team in Geneva for their hard work and wish the d elegation of Angola a productive and 
successful  TPR. 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF ANGOLA (H.E.  RUI MIGUÊNS  DE OLIVEIRA, 
MINISTER OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE ) AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
5.1.  Dear Chair, H.E. Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel , dear discussant;  H.E. Ambassador  
Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota; Honourable Permanent Representatives and delegations; ladies and 
gentlemen.  
5.2.  In this final intervention, I would like to warmly express my gratitude for the quality of the 
organization, partici pation, and debates in this third  Trade Policy Review of Angola, which is such an 
important moment for the renewal of our circulation in global multilateral trade. In thanking 
everyone, I cannot fail to highlight the extraordinary work carried out by the S ecretariat. Angola 
produced a very serious report of 56  pages, and the Secretariat presented us with a volume of 120, 
including dozens of tables and graphs, analy sing in depth from 2016 to the present our economy, 
trade and investment regimes, commercial p olicies, and practices. It is a critical document that 
Angola will consider in the renewal of its international trade policies and legislation and the 
revitalization of its very committed participation in the work of the WTO in favo ur of a fairer global 
multilateral trade committed to development.  
5.3.  Some WTO Missions from trading partners countries raised essential queries about the reports, 
topics, and practices under evaluation. Although several questions refer to areas with a commercial 
focus, with the Ministry of Industry and Trade, acting as the focal point with the WTO and allow me, 
following a simple alphabetical order of nationalities in English, to provide some pertinent 
clarifications. Our dear Brazilian friends raised several critical questions abou t our application of the 
International Veterinary Certificate (IVC) and zoo-sanitary Certificates, namely on entering pets 
(dogs, cats, and birds) and when Angola imports animals for commercial goals. This is the 
responsibility of the Ministry of Agricultu re in particular, the Institute of Veterinary Services, but 
whose implications for bilateral relations, including trade, were discussed at the last Meeting of the 
Joint Commission between the Federal Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Angola that took place 
in Brasília, on 5 April 2023. The Government of Angola was called upon to provide rigorous global 
and bilateral follow -up to these sanitary and phytosanitary requirements. We are doing it. I also 
need to clarify to our Brazilian friends and all Membe rs that, in the democratic and legal regime of 
Angola, third parties, individual and collective, including partner countries, have the right to 
information, complaints, and clarification enshrined. These procedures and specific legislation, 
including the l atest 2024 Customs Taxation Code, establish a limit for producing relevant clarification 
within 30  days. I can only promise a great effort from my Ministry so that this deadline is strictly 
adhered to in matters of bilateral and multilateral commercial par tnerships, whether in small or large 
processes. Finally, Brazil rightly questions the meagr e volume of notifications from Angola to the 
WTO, precisely just 12, between 2017 and 2023. It is a concern also raised by our US friends. This 
is genuinely a shallo w and insufficient communication for the large volume of legislative and 
administrative reforms in all economic sectors implemented by the Government in recent years 
impacting external trade. This highlights, indeed, a serious dysfunction that needs to be repaired 
with my personal commitment. Still, it also calls for more general critical constraints that I will 
highlight at the end of this intervention.  
5.4.  Most of the questions we received are linked with the PRODESI and the Presidential 
Decree  23/19  - targets a wide range of economic sectors for economic diversification and import 
substitution, starting with products of the basic basket . It is important to emphasize that the 
program PRODESI, approved by Presidential Decree No.  168/18 of 20 July, as a government 
program me for economic diversification, is in accordance with the principles of multilateral trade 
defended by the WTO. And as such, its rationale is linked to the need to diversify exports by 
promoting national production, which wi ll naturally lead, in some extent, to a reduction in imports 
on the items concerned. Despite the approval of PRODESI, no quantitative restrictions on imports 
were observed, proof of this is the record of the trade balance of imported products that were 
covered by the diploma but that the annual value of imports remained high until the moment of the 
revocation of Presidential Decree No. 23/19, by Presidential Decree No. 213/23, of 10 October, 
which approves the Legal Regime for Incentives to National Product ion. 
5.5.  Our dear friends from Singapore asked us for very timely clarification on the differences 
between the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and the Free Trade Zones (FTZ) regimes. SEZs were 
regulated in  2015 to create industrial development zones and implement  clusters, aiming at boosting 
the national business industry. More recently, the Government mobilized the SEZs towards the 
UN 2030 Sustainable Development Objectives, with the Luanda -Bengo SEZ being elected at the end WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  of 2023 at the summit of the Global Al liance of Special Economic Zones (GASEZ) in Abu  Dhabi, one 
of the  50 most promising economic zones in the world within the scope of sustainable development 
strategies. The FTZs were regulated in 2020 with broader objectives of technological, industrial, 
agricultural, and agri -business development, trade in goods and services, import and export, and 
benefiting from special tax, customs, labo ur, migration, and exchange regimes. The FTZs were also 
specially regulated to offer a favo urable regime for foreign in vestment, so we must invite investors 
from Singapore to take full advantage. It should also be clarified that the reform of the Public 
Business Sector initiated in 2020 effectively requires the participation of the State mainly in 
supervisory and regulator y functions, thus seeking to adequately prepare the privatization and 
opening to foreign investment of various industrial, agro -industrial, and services sectors.  
5.6.  We received from our dear friend China, questions related to the privatization program mes and 
if it is open to foreign investors. If so, in which areas is participation restricted or encouraged, and 
what laws and regulations exist to protect foreign investors. We would like to clarify that in 
accordance with what is established in article the Basic  Law on Privatization Law No.  10/19, 
privatization tender procedures must be open, which allows the participation of foreign entities. The 
restrictions on foreign investment result from the Law on Delimitation of the Economic Activity Sector, 
which reserve s, among other things, the role of Central  Bank and issuer to the State.  To protect 
foreign investors, the country has a set of diplomas, namely the Private Investment Law, Law 
No. 10/18, of  26 May 2018, guarantee of private property under the terms of the Constitution and 
least but not last, the possibility of extrajudicial resolution of disputes since Angola's ratification of 
the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards.  
5.7.  Our good friends from the UK and Iceland rewarded us with questions, some beyond the scope 
of my Ministry. I was particularly pleased to find the fundamental topic of women's economic 
empowerment and gender equality in trade as the first question. The theme was introduced in 
the 2018-2022 National Develop ment Plan, highlighting the need to mobilize toward the formal 
economy and professionalize economic activities dominated by women in street vending, agricultural 
activities, services, and domestic care. In 2018, the Ministry of Social Action, Family, and P romotion 
of Women (MASFAMU) was created by merging two ministries. Even so, the World Economic Forum's 
Global Gender Gap Index 2020 ranked Angola 118th out of 153 countries, which demands even more 
political and legislative work and much more education and  professional training. Thus, in 2021, the 
Government originally introduced a "gender -sensitive budget" into the budgetary rules, a process 
approved by a Presidential Decree, realizing a unique opportunity to promote gender participation 
and inclusion in e conomic and commercial activities.  
5.8.  Angola actively participates in the A fCFTA protocol on Women and Youth in Trade and is ready 
to implement the necessary decisions in accordance with international commitments on gender 
promotion. Regarding our interest in  the SACUM -UK EPA, it must be recalled that Angola  is a member 
of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), but it is not party of the  Southern  African 
Customs Union . Nonetheless, we are open to a frank dialogue on the subject. Allow me also to cl arify 
that the obligation to affix high -security tax stamps on medicines, beverages, alcoholic liquids, 
tobacco, and its manufactured substitutes was a necessary and urgent move to counteract the high 
volumes of counterfeits and smuggling of these products , thus to protect the health of Angolan 
consumers and overseas consumers of Angolan products. We do  not envisage in the immediate to 
lower import tariffs on these items, particularly alcoholic goods. These measures are not retroactive 
to existing stocks, and we are trying to ensure that the tax stamp can be recognized at its export 
origin.  
5.9.  The collection of questions about foreign companies' certification as state suppliers, 
requirements for public contracting, preferential purchasing schemes, the National Electronic Public 
Procurement System, and the new 2021 Law on Procurement are under the supervision of the 
Ministry of Finances. Still, in statistical terms, the new Procurement Law has contributed considerably 
to the fight against fraud and corru ption, with almost 78% of tender contracts recorded since 2022, 
significantly reducing the very common practice of direct contracts. Finally, Angola has been closely 
following the evolution and expansion of adherence to the plurilateral WTO Government Proc urement 
Agreement, but we sincerely believe that the conditions to move towards a first observer status are 
not yet met.  
5.10.   Our dear friends from the US, have advanced 34 questions, some already addressed, others 
requiring more specialized clarifications. All ow me to clarify that the new Customs Tariff 2024, will 
enter in to force on 3 April, is a document that, among other justifications, highlights the legislative WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  need to comply with international trade rules. It is a document with 344 pages, 109  articles, a nd 
more than 150 guidelines detailing around 6,000 products H S 22. Customs duties are enforced by 
the General Tax Administration, a public agency supervised by the Ministry of Finances. Our decision 
has been to ensure that this and future customs tax rules  match the WTO  Agreements and do not 
exceed WTO -bound rates.  
5.11.   Unfortunately, in the sanitary and phytosanitary domains, several ministries and institutes 
are still trying to coordinate to reach a law capable of fully implementing the WTO SPS  Agreement . 
Thus, the formal supervision of these domains belongs to the National Food Quality Control Service 
(SNCQA), created in 2019 under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture, with an animal 
sanitary law having been produced in 2004, amended in 2009, current ly under review, while the 
plants sanitary law dates from 2021. Efforts to review, update, and conform to the 
WTO SPS disciplines are underway, but a strict date for the completion of demanding and complex 
work cannot yet be announced.  
5.12.   I also take advantag e of the US pertinent questions to highlight how much Angola has 
benefited from WTO education and training, not only in the TBT Transparency Champions 
program me but in several other initiatives that we expect to be renewed and expanded in the coming 
years.  This again draws attention to the need for capacity building and even strengthening support 
for the active presence of Angola and the other LDCs in the WTO. The problems raised by various 
issues from the Members regarding delays in notifications, agreemen ts not yet fully integrated into 
national legislation, or, more recently, the delay in ratifying the first phase of the Fishing Subsidies 
Agreement should force us to remember that Angola, like almost all other LDCs, has limited financial, 
diplomatic and t echnical resources that cannot remotely be compared to the generous 
representations of developed countries at the WTO.  
5.13.   At the same time, the ongoing structural reform efforts directed by our Government are also 
directed towards a major reform of public adm inistration, a complex process but fundamental to the 
modernization of our country. It is up to my ministry to also ensure that Angola's circulation in global 
trade and its presence in the WTO become better understood and supported by the public and civil 
society as fundamental instruments in the sustainable development of Angola.  
5.14.   I am very thankful for your attention, participation, and support.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.15.   As we conclude this session, allow me to express my sincere appreciation to the delegation of 
Angola,  represented by H .E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade, for the hard 
work he and his team have shown in completing this Trade Policy Review. I  also thank you for your 
stewardship reflected in the serene conduction of these sessions.  
5.16.   The open and informative discussions during the two meetings provided a valuable 
opportunity for WTO  Member s to better understand Angola's macroeconomic landscape, as well as 
the many positive changes made to its trade policies since the last TPR, which took place under 
challenging economic times, marked by the COVID -19 pandemic and ongoing geopolitical 
developments.  
5.17.   I commend Angola on the reforms undertaken, which were met with positive support from 
WTO Members. Of course, there is always roo m for improvement toward greater adherence to the 
rules of the multilateral trading system, including in terms of transparency and notification 
measures.  
5.18.   In this respect, it seems important that WTO  Members continue to provide Angola with 
technical assista nce and capacity -building, particularly in the areas where were concerns were 
raised.  
5.19.   The broad range of topics covered in the two sessions demonstrates the genuine interest of 
WTO Members in areas such as SPS measures, agriculture, IP issues, and notifica tion requirements, 
among others.  
5.20.   I am confident Angola will take all comments into account and do its best to address them.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  5.21.   I am very pleased to note that this third Trade Policy Review has been a successful exercise. 
It promoted a deeper understanding of Angola's trade policies and provided valuable feedback for 
future improvements.  
5.22.   I look forward to Angola's continuing journey towards the development of its economy to 
bring prosperity to its people, further aligning with and benefiting from the multilater al trading 
system with the WTO at its core.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.23.   On behalf of the European  Union, I would express our appreciation to 
H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade  for the closing statement this 
morning and to the whole delegati on of Angola for its active engagement in this Trade Policy Review. 
We thank H.E.  Mr Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota (Ambassador of Brazil) for his insightful remarks as 
the discussant today and on Monday. We also thank other Members that contributed construc tively 
to this review.  
5.24.   As the European  Union is Angola 's second main trade partner and first investment partner, as 
well as the biggest direct donor for development aid, this TPR has been of great interest to us.  
5.25.   The EU welcomes the useful insights that this review has provided into the reforms undertaken 
by Angola to transition from an oil -based, more state -led economy to a further diversified system 
with a larger role for the private sector. Angola can be commended for many steps taken in that 
respect. At the same time, the exchanges in this TPR have shown that there is still some room for 
improvement in different areas where implementation of the policies could be improved, as the 
discussant has just recalled.  
5.26.   We also continue to believe that Ango la's accession to the EU -SADC Economic Partnership 
Agreement and to the SADC trade protocol would contribute to Angola 's goals of economic and trade 
diversification as well as to regional integration. These accessions would complement the recently 
conclude d EU -Angola Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement, as well as Angola 's 
engagement in the African Continental Free Trade Area, which the European  Union supports.  
5.27.   Moreover, the EU would like to reiterate its full support to Angola 's efforts at diver sifying its 
economy and developing national production, stressing that this should take place in full 
compatibility with WTO rules. We would also like to ask Angola again to make its system of high 
security tax stamps that the Minister referred to, workabl e also for economic operators from outside 
Angola.  
5.28.   The EU would like to thank Angola for the responses provided to our advance questions. We 
look forward to receiving the outstanding replies in due course. Furthermore, the EU has submitted 
a few follow -up questions related to the new Presidential Decree 213/23 under the PRODESI 
programme and energy sector to seek further clarity.  
5.29.   In conclusion, Angola 's engagement in this important transparency exercise demonstrates its 
commitment to the WTO and the rules -based multilateral trading system. We are confident that our 
good cooperation will continue in this Organization and other fora.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.30.   The United  States would like to thank the Angolan delegation for their engagement and 
participation in this Trade Policy Review, as well as for their continued efforts to support and advance 
the work of the WTO. We appreciate the effort that goes into a review and the robust internal 
coordination efforts required to respond to Members ' written questions, and we want t o thank you 
for your commitment and hard work to ensure a successful review. In particular, we welcome the 
Secretariat and Government reports and value the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of 
Angola 's efforts to advance trade and investment liber alization and facilitation.  
5.31.   As mentioned on Day one, the United  States values our strategic and close partnership with 
Angola, as exemplified by the United  States ' cooperation with Angola to enhance its critical 
infrastructure, deepen Angola 's digital con nectivity to the global economy, and augment its WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  pandemic response efforts. One of the most notable manifestations of our strong commitment to 
support Angola 's economic diversification and development is the Lobito  Corridor project. We look 
forward to cont inuing to work with Angola in areas of mutual interest and on the wide range of issues 
before us at the WTO, including trade facilitation and transparency. Doing so will advance Angola 's 
economic and trade diversification goals and reinforce the open, non -discriminatory, and rules -based 
multilateral trading system.  
5.32.   We acknowledge the achievements by Angola since its last Trade Policy Review, and we 
continue to urge Angola to rectify its outstanding notifications in several WTO committees, to meet 
its notif ication obligations, and to submit draft notifications in a timely manner. We appreciate the 
commitment made here today by H .E. Mr Rui Miguêns de Oliveira to address these issues. We 
welcome working with Angola on these important matters, which will improv e transparency and the 
predictability of Angola 's trade ecosystem.  
5.33.   We thank Angola for its attention to our written questions and we have submitted some 
follow -up questions as well. Among the issues for which we seek additional information are: Angola 's 
bound tariff rates and its domestic agricultural support programs. In addition, we join other Members 
in encouraging Angola to ratify the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement and deposit its instrument of 
acceptance with the WTO.  
5.34.   We would welcome working with Ang ola on ongoing and future initiatives. We are pleased 
that Angola is a co -sponsor of the Dialogue on Plastics Pollution and Environmentally Sustainable 
Plastics Trade (D PP). We look forward to continuing to work with Angola on this important initiative. 
Since its last Review, Angola ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement, and we appreciate Angola 's 
active participation in the Trade Facilitation Committee, including its presentation on Angola 's 
National Committee on Trade Facilitation. Predictability, sim plicity, and uniformity in customs and 
border procedures under the TFA have resulted in greater customs efficiency, more effective revenue 
collection, and better access to new export opportunities, particularly for micro, small, and medium 
enterprises (MSM E). We encourage Angola to continue implementing its category commitments 
under the Agreement.  
5.35.   In closing, we would like to reiterate the value the United  States places on its relationship 
with Angola – in our bilateral relations and here at the WTO. We l ook forward to continued 
cooperation with Angola, and we congratulate it on a successful Trade Policy Review.  
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  This is the third Trade Policy Review of Angola and I would like to thank 
H.E. Mr Rui Miguêns  de Oliveira, Minister of Industry and Trade and his delegation for the 
constructive engagement in this meeting. I would also like to thank H.E.  Ambassador 
Guilherme  de Aguiar  Patriota of Brazil for his valuable intervention as discussan t. 
6.2.  The period since Angola's last Trade Policy Review in September  2015 has seen Angola embark 
on a broad range of ambitious economic policy reforms against particularly challenging economic 
circumstances, triggered by the collapse in oil prices starting in mid -2014 and exacerbated by the 
COVID -19 pandemic. Members welcomed Angola's strong commitment to reforming its economy 
while reducing its dependence on the oil sector, which continues to be a major source of economic 
vulnerability. Delegations  praised Angola's efforts to strengthen macroeconomic management and 
economic governance, including by enhancing the independence of the Central Bank and adopting a 
more flexible exchange rate regime, which many felt would help underpin external competitiv eness 
and facilitate trade diversification.  
6.3.  Members appreciated Angola's efforts to improve its business climate, including measures to 
reform taxes, ease visa requirements, implement a single window for investment, and establish a 
regime for free trade zo nes. It was noted that, taken together, these and other related measures 
could help stimulate domestic and foreign investment, promote job creation, and improve industrial 
and agricultural production, in line with Angola's development plans.  
6.4.  Members welcom ed steps to simplify and modernize Angola's customs procedures, including 
those taken to implement the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, which Angola ratified in 2019. In 
this regard, it was noted that Angola had introduced a customs automation system and an Authorized 
Economic Operator programme, while continuing to make progress towards the implementation of 
a trade single window. Some Members expressed concerns about certain non -tariff measures applied 
by Angola on imports including high -security tax sta mp scheme applied on certain products and  felt 
that it did not provide foreign companies with an adequate transition period. Some Members also 
remarked on the difficulties faced by companies in Angola to access foreign exchange.  
6.5.  Members voiced strong suppo rt for Angola's twin goals of economic diversification and greater 
private sector participation in the economy, and welcomed the fact that Angola had eliminated its 
tariffs on 43% of tariff lines, while noting that tariffs on certain sensitive products had  increased, 
slightly pushing up the overall average applied MFN tariff rate.  
6.6.  Members commented on Angola's large untapped potential for trade and investment in non -oil 
sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, critical minerals, and tourism, and encouraged A ngola to 
capitalize by making full use of preferential, bilateral, and regional trade agreements. In this regard, 
Members commended Angola for its membership in the African Continental Free Trade Area with 
some calls on Angola to step up efforts to accede to the Southern African Development Community 
Trade Protocol.  
6.7.  Members appreciated Angola's progress in rebuilding and modernizing its infrastructure. In that 
context, several Members expressed support for the development of the Lobito  Corridor, recognizing  
that this major infrastructure project, which seeks to strengthen connectivity between Angola and 
two of its neighbours, could be a catalyst for investment and Angola's integration into regional and 
global supply chains, especially in clean energy. To ens ure that the Corridor's benefits are 
maximized, it was noted that cross -border cooperation on transit and other customs matters would 
be needed along the Corridor.  
6.8.  Members highly appreciated Angola's active participation in the WTO and encouraged Angola 
to accelerate its acceptance of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement. Angola, with its 1,650  km-long 
coastline, is home to one of the richest fish stocks in Africa, which means that Angola has a direct 
stake in the Agreement's rapid entry into force so that it can start delivering benefits. Several 
Members praised Angola's decision to join the Joint Initiative on Investment Facilitation for 
Development, which they noted could unlock further trade and investment opportunities, especially 
for LDCs. Angola was prai sed also for its participation in the WTO dialogue on plastics pollution and 
was encouraged to join the Joint Initiative on E -commerce to derive maximum benefits from the 
expansion of digital trade.  WT/TPR/M/452 • Angola  
 
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  6.9.  Members acknowledged Angola's efforts to improve its noti fication record at the WTO and urged 
Angola to submit its outstanding notifications, including on domestic support in agriculture, TBT, 
SPS, and state trading enterprises. In this regard, I was encouraged by His  Excellency's  personal 
commitment expressed i n his remarks today to improve Angola's notification record and I encourage 
Angola to benefit from technical assistance.  
6.10.   In conclusion, the delegation of Angola has clearly demonstrated that it places a high value 
on the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and t he multilateral trading system through its active 
engagement over this two -day meeting.  
6.11.   Finally, Members congratulated Angola for its solid performance and look forward to receiving 
answers to any outstanding and follow -up questions within the customary on e month, at which time 
this Review will be concluded.  
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