G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
15 June 2020  
(20-4214) Page: 1/38 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English  
 
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFIC ATION PURSUANT TO AR TICLE XVII:4(A) OF T HE 
GATT 1994 AND PARAGR APH 1 OF THE UNDERST ANDING ON  
THE INTERPRETATION O F ARTICLE XVII  
UNITED STATES 
The following communication, dated 2 June 2020, is being circulated at the request of the delegation 
of the United States.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and Paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the 
Interpretation of Article XVII, and in response to the call for notifications se t forth in document 
G/STR/N/18, the United States makes the following new and full notification of its state trading 
enterprises:  
I. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION  
1. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprises  
a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).  
b) Description of products affected  
Commodities eligible for CCC programs are defined in the legislation or regulations for the specific 
program. Commodities currently covered by CCC include : Honey (0409), Chickpeas (0708), Lentils 
(0708), Dry Peas (0708), Wheat (1001), Barley (1003), Oats (1004), Corn (1005), Rice (1006), 
Sorghum (1007), Soybeans (1201), Peanuts (1202), Flaxseed (1204), Rapeseed (1205), Sunflower 
seeds (1206), Canola (1207),  Crambe (1207), Safflower (1207), Mustard Seed (1207), 
Sugar  (1212), Cotton (5201), Mohair (5102), and Wool (4102).1 
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is  a government -owned and operated entity within the 
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). CCC was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm 
income and prices. CCC also helps maintain balanced and adequate supplies of agricultural 
commodities and aids  in their orderly distribution.  
 
1 Agricultural Act of 2014 (PL 113 -79) and Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (PL 115 -334). G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  b) Legal authority  
CCC was incorporated on 17 October 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of 
$3 million. It was initially managed and operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruction Finance 
Corporation, w hich funded its operations. On 1 July 1939, CCC was transferred to USDA by the 
President's Reorganization Plan I. It was reincorporated on 1 July 1948, as a federal corporation 
within USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (62 Stat. 1070; 15 U.S.C. 714).  
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a) Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The CCC Charter Act, as amended, authorizes CCC to support prices of agricultural commodities, 
including through purchases and sales of agricultural commodities.  
b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any product.  
Organization:  CCC is managed by a Board of Directors, subject to the general supervision and 
direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex officio Director and Chairman of the Board. In 
addition to the Secretary, the Board consists of seven memb ers who are appointed by the President 
of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate. The members of the Board and the 
Corporation's officers are all officials of USDA. CCC has no operating personnel. Its activities are 
carried out primari ly through the personnel and facilities of agencies within USDA.  
Financing:  CCC has an authorized capital stock of $100 million held by the United States, with the 
authority to have outstanding borrowings of up to $30 billion at any one time.  
Funds may be borrowed from the U.S. Treasury and may also be borrowed from private lending 
agencies and others. Interest on any borrowings from the Treasury (and on capital stock) is paid at 
a rate based upon the average interest rate of all outstanding marketable obli gations (of comparable 
maturity date) of the U.S. Government as of the preceding month. Interest may also be paid on 
other notes and obligations at a rate prescribed by the CCC and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury.  
Export Programs:  CCC is authoriz ed to make sales from its inventories to export markets. 
However, CCC has not done so since 1995.  
Import Programs:  CCC has not engaged in import activity.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/ex portation and conditions for participation  
As noted, CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any 
product. All agricultural commodity import and export activities within the customs territory of the 
United States may be freely entered into by private sector traders without any special conditions or 
restrictions.  
d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
During the notification period, CCC did not import or export any commodities.  
e) How export prices are determined  
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Although CCC may be authorized by law to negotiate long -term sales contracts, such authority is 
not currently used.  
h) Description of market structure  
Agricultural commodity markets are characterized by numerous independent buyers and sellers.  
4. Statistical Information  
Table I:  Import information by product: Not applicable; no products imported.  
Table II:  Export information by product: Not applicable; no products exported.  
Table III:  Domestic  activities where state trading enterprise also trades products 
internationally: Not applicable; no products traded internationally.  
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
During the period, CCC did not engage in exports or imports because suc h activity was not required 
to achieve CCC's mission.  
6. Additional Information  
None.  
II. ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM FUND  
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
The United States maintains the Isotope Production and Distribution Program Fund (IP&D) within 
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).  
b) Description of products affected  
The products affected are isotopes under Harmonized Tariff System headings 2844 and 2845.  
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
DOE provides radioactive and stable isotope products and associated services to a wide and varied 
domestic and international market. The IP&D produces and sells radioactive and stable isotopes, by -
products, surplus materials, and related isotope services. These products and services are sold 
worldwide and are used for a variety of research, development, biomedical, and industrial 
applications. The program's objectives are to prod uce and distribute isotopes for research and 
development, medical diagnostics and therapy, and other applications that are in the national 
interest.  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  b) Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges  
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides the basic author ity for DOE to produce and distribute 
isotopes and to support research and development of new isotope products and technology.  
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a) Overview  
For over 65 years, this program and its predecessors have  been at the forefront of the development 
and production of stable and radioactive isotope products that are now used world -wide. DOE applies 
its unique expertise and capabilities to address technology issues associated with the application, 
production, ha ndling, and distribution of isotopes. Adequate supplies of medical and research 
isotopes are essential to maintain effective diagnosis, treatment, and research capabilities in the 
United States. The program's products and services are sold to over 20 count ries. The program 
produces isotopes only where there is no U.S. private sector capability or other production capacity 
is insufficient to meet U.S. needs. The specific materials sold under the program are listed in Annex  I. 
The program also develops improv ed means of producing and separating isotopes that are needed 
to serve the national interest. Such services include, but are not limited to, irradiation services, 
target preparation and processing, source encapsulation and other special preparations, analy ses, 
chemical separations, and the lease of stable isotopes for research purposes.  
The program supports the production and development of production techniques of radioactive and 
stable isotopes that are in short supply. Isotopes are high -priority commodit ies of strategic 
importance for the United States and are essential for energy, medical, national security, and basic 
research. A goal of the program is to make critical isotopes more readily available to meet U.S. 
domestic needs. To this end, the program functions as a business and, therefore, focuses attention 
on the quality of products and services, customer satisfaction, cost control, marketing, pricing 
stability, and revenue and cash collections.  
The IP&D sells isotopes to government entities, domestic  purchasers, and to foreign purchasers.  
DOE coordinates its activities with commercial producers to ensure the continued availability of 
essential isotopes. DOE is streamlining its activities by consolidating or privatizing wherever possible 
to reduce the cost to U.S. taxpayers.  
b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
See (a) above.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and con ditions for participation  
Private companies and universities engaged in the production and distribution of isotopes are 
permitted to import and export isotopes.  
d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
To ascertain current and future demands of the community, the program develops working groups 
with other federal agencies, fosters interactions between customers and program staff, obtains data 
from site visits, attends society exhibitions, and develops strategic plans  and priorities with 
community input. Research on market sizes, pricing pressures, and customer feedback is also 
obtained through independent surveys and studies, as well as program management assessments.  
e) How export prices are determined  
Prices charged fo r the program's products are based on production costs, market value, and research 
needs.  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Import prices are determined by production costs and market value.  
g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiate d by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Long-term contracts are negotiated often with price discounts for quantity purchases.  
h) Description of market str ucture  
The worldwide isotope market has three major components: medical, industry (including homeland 
security), and scientific (non -medical) research. This market is characterized by high barriers to 
entry, production facilities that are primarily governm ent owned and operated, and demand driven 
by a few major commercial customers. The number of suppliers for selected major isotopes is 
growing due to a shortage of suppliers for these key isotopes used in hospitals and the private 
sector.  
4. Statistical Inform ation  
2017-2019: Table I. The IP&D is engaged in the primary production and distribution of stable 
(enriched) and radioisotopes, not their importation. However, several targets with a total activity of 
960,741 MBq in 2017 were irradiated in foreign facilit ies and imported into the United States by 
IP&D to augment domestic supply where IP&D could not meet demand. These irradiated targets 
were chemically processed by IP&D with the result that significant value was added to the product 
by IP&D prior to being s old in a form required by the customers.  
2017-2019: Table II. Cobalt -60 (HS 2844.40.0010) was not sold to foreign customers during this 
reporting period. Heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000) was not exported during this reporting period.  
2017-2019: Table III: Bec ause IP&D is engaged in the primary production of these isotopes for 
distribution, no domestic purchases of these materials were made by IP&D during 2017 -2019. 
Cobalt -60 (HS 2844.10.0000) was not sold domestically in 2017 -2019. Heavy water 
(HS 2845.10.0000 ) was sold domestically during these years: 11,914 kg in 2017 and 7,566 kg in 
2018.  
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
Not applicable.  
6. Additional Information  
None.   G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  ANNEX 1  
List of isotopes sold in 201 8 and 2019  
Actinium -225, -227 
Aluminum -26 
Amer icium -241, -243 
Antimony -123 
Argon -36 
Arsenic -73 
Barium -132, -133, -135, -136, -137 
Berkelium -249 
Beryllium -7 
Bismuth -207 
Cadmium -109, -110, -111, -112, -113, -114 
Calcium -40, -42, -43, -44, -46, -48 
Californium -249, -252 
Cerium -140, -142 
Chlorine -35, -37 
Chromium -50, -52, -53, -54 
Copper -63, -65, -67 
Curium -248 
Deuterium oxide  
Dysprosium -161, -162, -163, -164 
Einsteinium -254 
Erbium -166, -167, -168, -170 
Europium -151, -153 
Fermium -257 
Gadolinium -154, -155, -156, -160 
Gallium -69, -71 
Germani um-68, -70, -73, -74, -76 
Hafnium -176, -177, -178, -179, -180 
Helium -3 
Hydrogen -2 
Iridium -191, -193 
Iron-54, -56, -57, -58 
Krypton -86 
Lead-204, -206, -207, -208, -212 GEN  
Lithium -6  
Lutetium -176, -177 
Magnesium -24, -25, -26 
Mercury -198, -199, -200, -201, -202 
Molybdenum -94, -96, -97, -98, -100 Neodymium -142, -143, -144, -145, -146, -148, -150 
Neon-22 
Neptunium -237 
Nickel -60, -61, -62, -63, -64 
Osmium -188, -190 
Palladium -102, -106  
Platinum -192, -194, -195, -196, -198 
Plutonium -240, -244 
Polonium -209 
Potassium -40, -41 
Radium -223, -224, -225, -226 
Rhenium -185, -187 
Rubidium -83, -87 
Ruthenium -96, -99, -100 
Samarium -144, -147, -149, -150, -152, -154 
Selenium -72, -75, -76, -77, -78, -82 
Silicon -28, -29, -32 
Silver -107, -109 
Sodium -22 
Strontium -82, -84, -86, -88, -89, -90 
Technetium -99 
Tellurium -119m, -125 
Thallium -205 
Thorium -227, -228, -229 
Tin-117, -119 
Titanium -46, -47, -48, -49, -50 
Tungsten -180, -182, -183, -184, -186 
Uranium -233, -234, -235, -238 
Xenon -136 
Ytterbium -168, -171, -172, -173, -174 
Yttrium -86 
Zinc-64, -67, -68, -70 
Zirconium -90, -91, -92, -94, -96 G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  III. POWER ADMINISTRATIONS  
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprises  
a) Identification of state trading enterprises  
The United States maintains the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville), Southeastern Power 
Administration (Southeastern), Southwestern Power Administration (Southwestern), and Western 
Area Power Administration (Western) within the DOE. Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western 
had no foreign transactions in the current or recent reporting periods. Information on these three 
entities is being provided for transparency purposes.  
b) Description of product affected  
The product affected is Electrical Energy, Ha rmonized Tariff System Number 2716.  
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprises  
The Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) market wholesale electricity generated at hydroelectric 
dams owned and manage d by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and the 
United  States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Bonneville also markets electricity generated 
by a nuclear plant owned and operated by Energy Northwest, and by a non -federally owned and 
operated hydro project. Western also markets about 400 MW of capacity generated by the Navajo 
coal-fired plant in Arizona. The federal government began to market electricity after Congress 
authorized the construction of the dams and established major water pro jects by the Corps and 
Reclamation, primarily in the 1930s through the 1960s. The Corps and Reclamation operate these 
projects to provide or manage water for such multiple purposes as irrigation, flood control, 
navigation, recreation, water supply, and env ironmental enhancement. These agencies also 
generate electricity at hydropower plants located at federal water projects. The PMAs sell the power 
that is not used for project purposes to cooperatives and public bodies, such as municipal utilities, 
irrigatio n districts, military installations, and to other utilities, and any power surplus to those needs 
to other power purchasing entities.  
In addition to the more general purposes above, the self -financed Bonneville is obligated to meet 
requesting publicly -owne d utilities' loads in its Pacific Northwest marketing area; own, operate, and 
maintain a high -voltage transmission system; encourage conservation; and to protect, mitigate and 
enhance the fish and wildlife of the Columbia River and its tributaries. Bonnevi lle sells at wholesale 
and at cost the electric power produced at 31 operating federal hydroelectric projects owned and 
operated by the Corps and Reclamation, and the electric power produced by the non -federally owned 
and operated nuclear and hydro plants previously mentioned. Bonneville acquires and sells 
non-Federal electric power and conservation resources sufficient to meet the net, non -generating, 
requirements of Bonneville public customers. Bonneville's Administrator and the Corps' Division 
Engineer, Northwestern Division, are directed by Executive Order to be the U.S. Entity overseeing 
the execution of the 1961 Columbia River Treaty between the United States and Canada.  
b) Legal authority  
The PMAs are separate and distinct entities within the Department of Energy (DOE), operating 
pursuant to their enabling legislation, including the Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977.  
The Bonneville Project Act of 1937 (Project Act) established the Bonneville Power Administration 
within the Department of the In terior (later incorporated into the Department of Energy). The 
Bonneville Project Act, the Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, the Pacific 
Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980, the Columbia River Treaty of 1961 , 
and other federal laws contain provisions that define Bonneville's mission and/or affect the way it is 
carried out.  
The missions of the Southeastern Power Administration and the Southwestern Power Administration 
are set forth in section 5 of the Flood Co ntrol Act of 1944.  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  The authority for Western Area Power Administration's operations derives from the federal 
reclamation laws, in particular section 9(c) of the Reclamation Project Act of 1939, and consistent 
with section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944 . 
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprises  
a) Overview  
The PMAs sell electric power generated by hydroelectric projects (and others as noted) owned and 
operated by Reclamation or the Corps, who also provide or manage water for such mult iple purposes 
as irrigation, flood control, navigation, recreation, municipal water supply, and environmental 
enhancement.  
b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprises  
The PMAs, except the self -finance d Bonneville, are funded by a variety of methods, including annual 
appropriations to DOE and use of PMA receipts. The non -Bonneville PMA revenue that is not used to 
fund PMA activities is deposited in the Miscellaneous Receipts account and the Reclamation Fund in 
the U.S. Treasury. The PMAs are exempt from Federal income taxation and from state and local 
taxation.  
Bonneville is a self -financed federal entity. Bonneville is authorized to use the proceeds in the BPA 
fund without appropriation and without fiscal year limitation. BPA's revenues are not part of the 
general funds of the U.S. Treasury. To finance its capital programs, Bonneville is authorized by the 
Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, as amended, to issue to the U.S.  Treasury 
up to $7.7 billion of interest -bearing bonds with terms and repayment conditions comparable to debt 
issued by U.S. government corporations. Bonneville is statutorily treated (16 U.S.C 838i (c)) as a 
wholly -owned U.S. Government corporation under provisions of the Government Corporation Control 
Act (31 U.S.C 9106) for purposes of its financial and budget operations.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for par ticipation  
More than 3,000 private investor -owned, local government -owned, and cooperatively -owned utilities 
engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity are permitted to import and 
export electricity.  
d) How import/export levels ar e determined by the state trading enterprises  
The PMAs may import and export electricity as authorized by each PMA's legislative authority and 
by its management. Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western do not import or export power to 
other countries. A po rtion of the firm power output generated at federal and non -federal mid -
Columbia River projects is owned by Canada (Canadian Entitlement) under the terms of the Columbia 
River Treaty, and Bonneville delivers that power to Canada primarily at the US/Canadia n border on 
behalf of the U.S. Entity and is obligated to do so through at least 16 September 2024. Additionally, 
from time to time, Bonneville may import or export short -term non -firm or firm energy or capacity.  
The PMAs are not required to obtain export authorizations. Import and export levels are determined 
by supply and demand.  
e) How export prices are determined  
Bonneville exports surplus power at market -based rates.  
f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The costs Bonneville incurs to purchase imported power are incorporated into the power -related 
production costs for the agency. Firm power is sold to customers at cost -based firm power rates. 
The price of surplus power sales is set at market prices. This m arket price can vary significantly, 
depending on market conditions. Any excess revenue derived from the sale of surplus power is used G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  to reduce future firm power rates, ensuring that the agencies do not recover more than their full 
power -related costs.  
g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprises. Whether the 
state trading enterprises are used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Bonneville, Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western sign long -term con tracts for the sale of 
federally -generated power within the United States. The Columbia River Treaty provides for the 
delivery of the Canadian share of the Treaty's downstream power benefits to the Canadian border 
through at least 16 September 2024, of app roximately 4.3 Terawatt hours annually.  
h) Description of market structure  
The structure for the electricity market is competitive. Private investor -owned utilities, both U.S. 
and foreign -owned, government instrumentalities, and government -owned providers of electricity, 
are engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the United States. The 
regional electric grids are interconnected with Canada and Mexico. There is no tariff on electricity.  
4. Statistical Information  
See attached ta bles. 
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
Not applicable.  
6. Other information  
None.  
IV. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE  
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
The United States maintains the Strategic Petro leum Reserve (SPR) within the DOE.  
b) Description of product affected  
The product affected is Crude Petroleum, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2709.  
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The SPR is a crude oil stockpile, managed by the DOE. The SPR mission is to reduce vulnerability to 
economic, national security, and foreign policy consequences of supply interruptions.  
b) Legal authority  
The SPR was created pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservatio n Act of 22 December 1975 
(Public Law 94 -163), as amended, to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum 
products and to carry out obligations of the United States under the Agreement on an International 
Energy Program.  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  3. Description and Funct ioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a) Overview  
The United States, through the SPR, owns and operates four underground storage facilities for crude 
oil with a combined design storage capacity of 713.5 million barrels. The SPR acquires both domestic 
and imp orted crude oil through purchase and exchange. In recent years, oil has been obtained 
primarily through the competitive purchase of domestic or imported oil to be delivered to the SPR. 
Together the facilities and crude oil represent more than a $39 billion  national investment.  
During an emergency "drawdown" of crude oil from the reserve, DOE is to competitively sell and 
distribute the crude oil to purchasers primarily through commercial pipelines and marine terminals.  
In FY 2017, 2018, and 2019, the SPR per formed a number of drawdowns/sales of crude oil, some 
of which to fund SPR modernization efforts, as mandated by various legislations listed in the table 
below.  
Drawdown Legislation  FY 2017  FY 2018  FY 2019  
Bipartisan Budget Act 2015 (Public Law 114-74 Section 404) ESIM Sale 
(or Modernization Sale)  6.3 4.7 5 
Bipartisan Budget Act 2015 (Public Law 114 -74 Section 403)  - 5 5 
21st Century Cures Act (Public Law 14 -255) 9.90 9.2 6 
Total Annual Drawdown Volume  16.20  18.9 16 
b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The SPR is an agency of the United States Government funded by annual appropriations for the 
Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account and by the SPR Petroleum Account. During an e mergency 
drawdown and sale of crude oil, the SPR Petroleum Account is the source of funding the incremental 
costs of withdrawing oil from the storage caverns and transporting it to the point where purchasers 
take title. If additional funds are required for  drawdown, they may be transferred from the Strategic 
Petroleum Reserve Account or other DOE offices. The Federal Government deposits to the account 
an amount equal to receipts realized from sales resulting from an emergency drawdown to create 
additional f unding to fill the SPR.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private companies engaged in the exploration, production, refining, storage , and distrib ution of crude 
oil are permitted to import and export crude oil.  
d) How import/export levels are established for state trading enterprise  
Oil is imported in accordance with Reserve fill plans as determined by legislative or Administration 
direction.  
e) How expor t prices are determined  
The price of SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financially responsible 
offerors.  
f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Imported and domestic crude oil is commingled in the undergrou nd storage facilities. The price of 
SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financially responsible offerors.  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
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  g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
The SPR has previously used exchange contracts to fill the Reserve. It is anticipated that future 
purchases of crude oil will be done through a competitive purchase program. The SPR is curren tly 
at 89 percent full to its capacity.  
h) Description of market structure  
The structure of the crude oil market is international and competitive. Vertically -integrated oil 
companies and independent companies, both U.S. and foreign -owned, are engaged in the 
exploration, production, refining, storage, and distribution of crude oil in the United States. The 
tariffs on crude oil are 5.25  cents per barrel for crude oil testing less than 25 degrees API and 
10.5 cents per barrel for crude oil testing 25 degrees  API or more.  
4. Statistical Information  
See attached tables.  
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
Although no sales have been made as of the time of this notification for SPR sales, bidders are not 
required to specify the destination(s) for their purchased crude. Given the highly volatile nature of 
the oil market, buyers and sellers need to react to wh at could be very different market realities from 
one day to the next. The crude could end up flowing to U.S. domestic refineries, exported, entered 
into storage, or some sold to another company for subsequent resale, depending on the market 
dynamic at the time. It would be difficult to determine the final destination of SPR crude or require 
the buyer to specify final destination(s) for the crude. The difficulty in linking exports to SPR sales 
is made worse by the fact that the purchased oil could comingle o r be swapped between the winning 
bidder and destination buyer. To demonstrate compliance to federal export legislation and 
transparency with how legislatively directed crude oil sales are managed, perhaps in the future the 
SPR may evaluate how crude oil sa les are reported, and record that in Tables I  - III. 
6. Additional Information  
None.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 12 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PE PRODUCTION AND DI STRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2017  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  1,960,741 MBq  $1.93/MBq  Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 13 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PE PRODUCTION AND DI STRIBUTION  (CONTINUED ) 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 201 8 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 14 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 201 9 
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  0 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 15 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PE PRODUCTION AND DI STRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2017  
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total 
Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National 
Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi -  
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  1,385,909 MBq  $21,147,188 total  Unknown  $16.70/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0.036 kg  $501,371 total  Unknown  $13,891,478/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 16 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND DISTR IBUTION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 201 8 
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total 
Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales P rice Average Export 
Price  National 
Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  1,024,904 MBq  $26,596,102 total  Unknown  $25.95/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  1.87 kg  $370,894 total  Unknown  $198,311/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 17 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 201 9 
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total 
Quantity 
Expor ted Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National 
Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  1,118,921 MBq  $15,134,542 total  Unknown  $13.53/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0.078 kg  $475,115 total  Unknown  $6,094,352/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 18 -  
TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2017  
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National 
Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi -  
HS 2844.40.0020  $0 Unknown  16,642,584 MBq  
$2.44/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  $0 Unknown  11,914 kg  
$275.65/kg  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  $0 Unknown  19.5 kg  
$247,379/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 19 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND D ISTRIBUTION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 201 8 
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National 
Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi -  
HS 2844.40.0020  $0 Unknown  9,319,722 MBq  
$3.00/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  $0 Unknown  7,566 kg  
$305.64/kg  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  $0 Unknown  90.7 kg  
$43,733/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 20 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTO PES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 201 9 
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National 
Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
nesoi -  
HS 2844.40.0020  $0 Unknown  9,552,796 MBq  
$2.27/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  $0 Unknown  $0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, nesoi -  
HS 2845.90.0000  $0 Unknown  2.36 kg  
$779,276/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 21 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMI NISTRATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 20 17 
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported1 Quantity 
Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise2 Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Mark -up National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  66 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.48 cents/kWh  N/A 4,034 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  66 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.48 cents/kWh  N/A 4,034 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  66 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.48 cents/kWh  N/A 4,034 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  66 billion kWh  Op Agrmnts: 0.01 
billion kWh  
Other Exports: .17 
billion kWh  $.0220/kWh  
@ MidC  10.48 cents/kWh  N/A 4,034 billion kWh  
 
1 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2020" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.  
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (e.g., October 2016 – September 2017) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all 
power originating outside the US an d flowing across BPA system transmission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2020", published April 2020 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 22 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTR ATION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 20 18 
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported1 Quantity 
Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise2 Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Mark -up National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  58 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.53 cents/kWh  N/A 4,178 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  58 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.53 cents/kWh  N/A 4,178 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  58 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.53 cents/kWh  N/A 4,178 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  58 billion kWh  Op Agrmnts: 0.01 
billion kWh  
Other Exports: .09 
billion kWh  $.0308/kWh  
@ MidC  10.53 cents/kWh  N/A 4,178 billion kWh  
 
1 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2020" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.  
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (e.g., October 2017 – September 2018) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all 
power originating o utside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2020", published April 2020 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 23 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTR ATION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 20 19 
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported1 Quantity 
Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise2 Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Mark -up National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.60 cents/kWh  N/A 4,118 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.60 cents/kWh  N/A 4,118 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.60 cents/kWh  N/A 4,118 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  Op Agrmnts: 0.01 
billion kWh  
Other Exports: .15 
billion kWh  $.0366/kWh  
@ MidC  10.60 cents/kWh  N/A 4,118 billion kWh  
 
1 Energy Information A dministration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2020" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.  
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (e.g., October 2018 – September 2019) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all 
power originating ou tside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2020", published April 2020 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 24 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTR ATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2017  
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported1 Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise2  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Average Export 
Price  National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  9 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.48 cents/kWh  N/A 4,034 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  9 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.48 cents/kWh  N/A 4,034 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  9 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.48 cents/kWh  N/A 4,034 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  9 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
4.06 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 1.52 
billion kWh  N/A 10.48 cents/kWh  $.0220/kWh  
@MidC  4,034 billion kWh  
  
 
1 Energy Information Ad ministration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2020" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.  
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2016 – September 2017) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all power 
syncing outside the U S and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2020", published April 2020 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 25 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTR ATION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2018  
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported1 Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise2  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Average Export 
Price  National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.53 cents/kWh  N/A 4,178 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.53 cents/kWh  N/A 4,178 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.53 cents/kWh  N/A 4,178 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
4.01 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 1.97 
billion kWh  N/A 10.53 cents/kWh  $.0308/kWh  
@MidC  4,178 billion kWh  
  
 
1 Energy Information Administratio n, "Monthly Energy Review, February 2020" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.  
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2017 – September 2018) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all power 
syncing outside the US and fl owing across BPA system transmission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2020", published April 2020 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 26 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKE TING ADMINISTRATION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 201 9 
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported1 Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise2  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Average Export 
Price  National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.60 cents/kWh  N/A 4118 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.60 cents/kWh  N/A 4,118 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.60 cents/kWh  N/A 4,118 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
3.93 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 0.77 
billion kWh  N/A 10.60 cents/kWh  $.0366/kWh  
@MidC  4,118 billion kWh  
 
1 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 20 " – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview . 
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 20 18 – September 20 19) rather than calendar year amounts.  Bonneville amounts include all power 
syncing outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Mont hly with Data for February 2020 ", published April 2020  - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity t o 
Ultimate Customers.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 27 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTR ATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2017  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading 
Enterprises1 National Production2 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise1 National Consumption2 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  1.1 billion kWh  4,034 billion kWh  6.04 billion kWh  3,864 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716 220.9 million kWh  4,034 billion kWh  5.01 billion kWh  3,864 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  7.1 billion kWh  4,034 billion kWh  34.7 billion kWh  3,864 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  2.17 billion kWh  4,034 billion kWh  88.03 billion kWh  3,864 billion kWh  
 
1 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 20 16 – September 20 17) rather than calendar year amounts.  
2 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2020" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 28 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTR ATION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 201 8 
 Description of 
Product Including HS 
Number  Domestic Purchases 
By State Trading 
Enterprises1 National Production2 Domestic Sales By 
State Trading 
Enterprise1 National Consumption2 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 4689 million kWh  4,178 billion kWh  6.96billion kWh  4,003 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 240.4 million kWh  4,178 billion kWh  5.79 billion kWh  4,003 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 6.6 billion kWh  4,178 billion kWh  35.7 billion kWh  4,003 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 2.10 billion kWh  4,178 billion kWh  87.1 billion kWh  4,003 billion kWh  
 
1 Southeastern amounts are fiscal yea r amounts (October 2017 – September 2018) rather  than calendar year amounts.  
2 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2020" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 29 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: POWER  MARKETING ADMINISTR ATION  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 201 9 
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading 
Enterpris es1 National Production2 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise1 National Consumption2 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  360 million kWh  4,118 billion kWh  9.13billion kWh  3,896 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  197.2 million kWh  4,118 billion kWh  7.4 billion kWh  3,896 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  6.5 billion kWh  4,118 billion kWh  36.9 billion kWh  3,896 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  3.98 billion kWh  4,1188 billion kWh  76.6 billion kWh  3,896 billion kWh  
 
1 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2018 – September  2019) rather  than calendar year amounts.  
2 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, April 2020 " – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview.   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 30 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2017  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  2,908,670  
(1,000 Barrels)*  0 
(1,000 Barrels)  $49.12**  $52.27  
(Per Barrel)***  N/A****  3,413,417  
(1,000 Barrels)*****  
* Total Quantity Imported (Annual Thousand Barrels): https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Imported (Dollars per Barrel) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
*** The average sales price from the sales for the calenda r year 2017.   
**** Imported barrels and SPR barrels could be of highly different quality (based on API gravity, sulphur content, among others); domestic refineries utilize 
different quality crudes for optimal refining. Mark -up calculation of imported crude  vs. crude sold from SPR are thus not as useful.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 31 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC P ETROLEUM RESERVE  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 20 18 
Description of Product 
Including HS  Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  2,835,491*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0 $60.95**  
(Dollar per Barrel)  $70.18***  
(Dollar per Barrel)  N/A****  4, 011,521*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Quantity Imported (Annual Thousand Barrels): https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Imported (Doll ars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
*** The average sales price from the sales for the calendar year 2018.  
**** Imported barrels and domestic barr els or SPR barrels are of different quality and mark -up calculation is not as informative.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 32 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 201 9 
Description of Product 
Including HS  Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  2,480,166*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0  
(1,000 Barrels)  $57.90**  
(Dollar per Barrel)  $61.67***  
(Dollar per Barrel)  N/A****  4,464,530*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Quantity Imported (Annual Thousand Barrels): https://www.e ia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Imported (Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
*** The average sales price from the sales for the calendar year 2019.  
**** Imported barrels and SPR barrels could be of highly different quality (based on API gravity, sulphur content, among others); domestic refineries utilize 
different quality crudes for optimal refining. Mark -up calculation of imported crude vs. crude sold fro m SPR are thus not as useful.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .  
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 33 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETRO LEUM RESERVE  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2017  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  422,518  
(1,000 Barrels)*  0** $50.68***  $52.27  
(Per Barrel)****  N/A 3,413,417  
(1,000 Barrels)*****  
* Total Crude Oil Exported  (Annual Thousand Barrels):  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column "Quantity Exported by State Trading Enterprise", a n explanation is provided under Section  V, 
paragraph 5 of this questionnaire.  
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Composite (Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pe t_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
**** The average sales price from the sales for the calendar year 2017.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pe t_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 34 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2 018 
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  747, 540*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0** $64.38***  
(Per Barrel)  $70.18****  
(Dollar per Barrel)  N/A 4, 011, 521*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Crude Oil Exported  (Annual Thousand Barrels):  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column "Quantity Exported by State Trading Enterprise", an explanation is provided under Section  V, 
paragraph 5 of this questionnaire.  
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Composite (Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
**** The average sales price from the sales for the calendar year 2018.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 35 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS  2019 
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  1,086,813*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0** $59.33***  
(Per Barrel)  $61.67****  
(Dollar per Barrel)  N/A 4,464,530*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Crude Oil Exported  (Annual Thousand Barrels):  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column "Quantity Exported by State Trading Enterprise", a n explanation is provided under Section  V, 
paragraph 5 of this questionnaire.  
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Composite (Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pe t_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
**** The average sales price from the sales for the calendar year 2019.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 36 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE 
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2017  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0  3,413,417 (1,000 Barrels)*  16,200 (1,000 Barrels)**  6,136 ,151***  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Congressionally mandated sales:  
• Budget Act 2015, Public Law 114 -74, Section 404;  
• 21st Century Cures Act, Public Law 114 -255.(6.3 million barrels), and  21st Century Cures Act (Public Law 14 -255) (9.9 million barrels) . 
*** Refinery Gross Inputs, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_sndw_a_epxxx2_yiy_mbblpd_w.htm .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 37 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RES ERVE  (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 201 8 
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0 4,011,521*  
(1,000 Barrels)  18,900**  
(1,000 Barrels)  6,294,911***  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Congressionally mandated sales:  
• Budget Act 2015, Public Law 114 -74, Section 404;  
• 21st Century Cures Act, Public Law 114 -255.(4.7 million barrels), 21st Century Cures Act (Public Law 14 -255) (9.2 million barrels), and  
• Bipartisan Budget Act 2015 (Public Law 114 -74 Section 403) (5 million barrels) . 
*** Refinery Gross Inputs, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_sndw_a_epxxx2_yiy_mbblpd_w.htm .   
  G/STR/N/18/USA  
 
- 38 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRAT EGIC PETROLEUM RESER VE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 201 9 
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0 4,464,530*  
(1,000 Barrels)  16,000**  
(1,000 Barrels)  6,184,493***  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Congressionally mandated sales:  
• Budget Act 2015, Public Law 114 -74, Section 404;  
• 21st Century Cures Act, Public Law 114 -255.(5 million barrels),  21st Century Cures Act (Public Law 14 -255) (6  million barrels), and  
• Bipartisan Budget Act 2015 (Public Law 114 -74 Section 403) (5 million barrels) . 
*** Refinery Gross Inputs, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_snd w_a_epxxx2_yiy_mbblpd_w.htm . 
 
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