DEAS 1104 : 2022 
ICS 75.100  
 
© EA C 2022                                                                                                                              First Edition 2022  
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Heavy  fuel oils — Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 1104 : 2022  
ii © EAC 2022 – All rights reserved  
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 DEAS 1104 : 2022  
© EAC 2022 – All rights reserved  iii 
 Foreword  
Development of the Ea st Afr ican Standards has been nece ssitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards Committee  (EASC)  mandated to develop and 
issue East African Standards  (EAS) . The Committee is composed of representatives of the  Natio nal 
Standards Bodies in Part ner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector 
organizations  in the community .  
East African Standards are developed through  Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholder s incl uding government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and  incor porated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for development of East African Standards . 
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African St andard s are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
The committee responsible  for this document is Technical Committee EASC/TC 068, Petroleum and 
petroleum product s. 
Attention is drawn  to th e possibility that some of t he elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
 FINA L DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 1104 : 2022  
 
© EAC 2022 – All rights reserved  1 
 Heavy fuel oils — Specification  
1 Scope   
This Draft East Africa Standard specifies requirements , sampling and test methods for heavy fuel oils intended 
for oil -fired furnaces  and boilers  for industrial  use 
2 Normative references   
The following refere nced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content 
constitutes requirements o f this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated 
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (i nclud ing any amendments) ap plies. 
ASTM D93, Standard Te st Methods for Flash Point by Pensky -Martens Clos ed Cup Te ster 
ASTM D95, Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation  
ASTM D97, Standard Test Method for Pour  Point of Petroleum Pr oducts 
ASTM D189, Standard T est Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petrol eum Produ cts 
ASTM D445, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and 
Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)  
ASTM D473, Standard Test Method for Sediment in Cr ude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method  
ASTM D482, Standard Test Meth od for A sh from Petroleum Products  
ASTM D974, Standard Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color -Indicator Titration  
ASTM D1298, Standard Te st Method for Density,  Relative Density, or API Gr avity of Crude Petroleum and 
Liquid Petroleum Pro ducts by Hydr ometer Method  
ASTM D3228, Standard Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl 
Method  
ASTM D4294, Standard Test Method for S ulfur in Petroleum and Petro leum Products by Energy Dispersive X -
ray Fluoresc ence Spec trometry 
ASTM D4177, Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products  
ASTM D 4868, Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon 
Burner and Diesel Fuels  
ASTM D5184, Standard Test Methods for  Determination of Aluminum a nd Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, 
Fusion, Induct ively Cou pled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry  
IP 143, Determination of asphaltenes (heptane insolubles) in crude petr oleum and petroleum pr oducts 
IP 375, Petroleum pro ducts — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 1: Det ermination by hot filtration  
IP 390, Petroleum products — Total sediment in residual fuel oils — Part 2: Determination using standard 
procedures for  ageing  DEAS 1104 : 2022  
2 © EAC 2022 – All rights reserved  
 IP 470, Determ ination of aluminium, silico n, vanadium, nickel, iron, calcium, zinc and sodi um in res idual fuel 
oil by ashing, fusion and atomic absorption spectrometry  
IP 500, Determination of the phosphorus content of residual fuels by ultra -violet spectrometry  
IP 501,  Determination of aluminium,  silicon, vanadium, nickel, iron, sodium, calcium , zinc an d phosphorous in 
residual fuel oil by ashing, fusion and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry  
ISO 8217 , Petroleum products — Fuels (clas s F) — Specifications of marine fuels ASTM D4057 , Standard 
Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Pet roleum Products  
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use  in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
additive  
material added to  fuel oils usually in sma ll amounts , to impart or enhance desir able prop erties or to suppress 
undesirable propertie s 
4 Requirements  
4.1 General requirements  
4.1.1  The h eavy fuel oils shall be hydrocarbon oils derived from petroleum or shale.  
4.1.2 The heavy fuel oil shall be free from gr it and other foreign impuriti es.  
4.1.3 The fuel oils shall cons ist of liquid hydrocarbons oil derived  from petroleum. Small amounts of 
additives of hydrocarbons o r non -hydro carbons may be added to improve other characteristics.  
4.1.4 The heavy fuel oils shall be free from inorganic acid s, exce ssive amounts of solid and fibrous foreign 
matter , and  shall rema in uni form in normal storage and n ot separated.  
4.1.5 The heavy fuel oils shall be free from any contaminants such as lubricating oils or any other 
contaminant  
4.1.6 Heavy f uel oil containing  residual components shall r emain uniform in normal storage and not 
separate by gravity into light and hea vy oil components outside the viscosity limits  
4.2 Specific requirements   
The material shall comply with the requirements prescribed in Table 1,  when tested accordance with  the test 
methods prescribed therein.  DEAS 1104 : 2022  
© EAC 2022 – All rights reserved  3 
 Table 1 — Specific  requirements for heavy fuel oils  
S/N Property  Requirement  Test method  
i Viscosity at 50 ºC, cSt, max.  180 ASTM D445  
ii Density at 20 ºC, kg/l, max.  0.990  ASTM D1298  
iii Conradson carbon residu e, % wt., max.  15 ASTM D189  
iv Sulphur content, % wt., max.  2 ASTM D 4294  
v Vanadium conten t, mg/kg, max.  100 IP 501  
vi Asphaltenes, % wt., max.  10 IP 143  
vii Ash content, % wt., max.  0.12 ASTM D482  
viii Sodium content,  mg/kg,  max.  1/3 vanadiu m IP 501  
ix Water content,  % vol, max.  0.5 ASTM D95  
x Pour point, ºC, m ax.  15 ASTM D97  
xi Flash point, ºC, min.  66 ASTM D93  
xii Aluminium silicon+ silicon, mg/kg, max.  50 ASTM D5184  
xiii Net calorific value, MJ/kg, min.  40.5 ASTM D 4868  
xiv CCAI  (calculated carbon aromati c index)  To be reported  ISO 8217  
xv Nitrogen content, % wt., max.  0.4 ASTM D3228  
xvi Sediment by extraction, % wt., max.  0.15 ASTM D473  
xvii Existent sludge , % m/m, max.   0.1 IP 375 Part 1  
IP 390 Pa rt 2 
xvii Potent ial sludge , % m/m, max .  0.1 IP 375 Part 1  
IP 390 Part 2  
xix Neutrali zation s trong acid number, mg 
KOH/g  Nil ASTM D974  
xx Calcium, mg/kg, max.  30 IP 470, IP 501  
xxi Phosphorus, mg/kg, max.  15 IP 500, IP 501  
xxii Zinc,  mg/kg, max.  15 IP 47 0, IP 501  
5 Packaging  
The condit ion of the containers, rail tankers and  road tank vehicles shall be such as not to be detrimental to 
the qualit y of the fuel during nor mal transportation and storage. The containers shall be acceptably sealed or 
leak proof,  clean and free from materials so luble in fuel oil  as applicable . 
6 Labelling  
6.1 The follow ing information shall be clearly marked on  the container, or on a label affixed to the container:  
a) manufacturer ’s/ supplier ’s name a nd address;  
b) name of product as  “Heavy fuel oil ”;  
c) net content ;  DEAS 1104 : 2022  
4 © EAC 2022 – All rights reserved  
 d) batch/lot number;  
e) word “FLAMMABLE M ATERIAL”; and  
f) warni ng “DANGER FUE L OIL”.  
g) country of origin  
h) viscosity   
6.2 For bulk transportation the above infor mation shall be in the docum entation accompan ying the product.  
7 Sampling  
Sampl ing of heavy fue l oils shall be carried out in a ccordance with ASTM D4057  or ASTM D4177 . DEAS 1104 : 2022  
© EAC 2022 – All rights reserved  5 
 Bibliography  
[1] KS 1310:2020 , Petroleum and petroleum products -Fuel oils  ― Specification  
[2] TZS 673:2017, Fuel oils  ― Specification  
 DEAS 1104 : 2022    
 
© EAC 2022 – All rights res erved