DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
ICS 70.100.71  , 65.100  
 
© EA C 2022                                                                                                                             First Edition 2022   
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Skin applied mosquito repellent  — Specification — Part 2: Sprays and 
roll-ons 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
ii © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice  
This EAC document is copyright -protected by EAC. While the reproduction of this document by 
participants in t he EAC standards development process is permitted without prior permission from EAC, 
neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for 
any other purpose without prior written permission from EAC.  
Request s for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed 
as shown below or to EAC’s member body in the country of the requester:  
© East African Community  2022  — All rights reserved  
East African Community   
P.O. Box 1096 , 
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Tanzania  
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Fax: + 255 27 2162190  
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       Web: www.eac -quality.net  
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be prosecuted . DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................  v 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
4 Forms  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  2 
5 Requir ements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
5.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
5.2 Active ingredients and synergists  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 3 
5.2.1  Natural repellents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3 
5.2.2  Synthetic repellents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............................  3 
5.2.3  Synergist content  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3 
5.3 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  4 
5.4 Heavy metal contaminants  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  4 
5.5 Microbiological limits  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  4 
5.6 Requirements for aerosol containers ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 4 
5.7 Biological efficacy  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 5 
6 Pack aging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  5 
6.1 Roll ball construction  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  5 
6.2 Aerosol containers  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  5 
7 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  5 
8 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  6 
Annex A (normative)  Solvents not permitted for use in aerosols  ................................ ................................  7 
Annex B (normative)  Non -volatile matter  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  8 
B.1 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
B.2 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
B.3 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  8 
Annex C (normative)  Determination of propellant composition ................................ ................................ ... 9 
C.1 Proce dure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  9 
C.2 Results  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  10 
Annex D (normative)  Determination of delivery rate of the dispenser  ................................ ......................  11 
D.1 Material and apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  11 
D.2 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  11 
D.3 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  11 
Annex E (normative)  Net weight delivery  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 12 
Annex F (normative)  Testing of filled aerosol containers  ................................ ................................ ...........  13 
F.1 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  13 
F.2 Interpretation of results  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  13 
Annex G (normative)  Flame propagation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 14 
G.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  14 
G.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  14 
G.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  14 
Annex H informative  Some common essential oils in natural repellents that may be hazardous  .........  15 
Annex I (informative)  Plant -based insect repellents: a review of their e fficacy, development and 
testing  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  17 DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
iv © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex J (Informative)  Active ingredients for synthetic repellents  ................................ ............................  26 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  28 
 DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  v 
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized s tandardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards Committee  (EASC)  mandated to develop and 
issue East African Standards  (EAS) . The Committee is composed of representatives of the National 
Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector 
organizations  in the community .  
East African Standards are developed through  Techni cal Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in th e 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for development of East African Standards.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace  with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee EASC/TC  078, Healthcare and medical 
devices.  
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
DEAS 1119  consists of t he following parts, under the general title Skin applied mosquito repellents —
Specification:  
Part 1: Lotions, creams, gels and ointments  
Part 2: Sprays and roll -ons 
Part 3: Wipes  
Part 4: Bathing soaps  
Part 5: Bracelets, wristbands and patches  
Part 6: Jelly  
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEA S 1119 -2:2022  
 
© EAC 202 2 – All rights reserved  1 
 Skin applied mosquito repellent  — Specification — Part 2: Sprays and 
roll-ons 
1 Scope   
This Draft East African  Standard specifies the requirements, sampling and test methods for skin applied 
mosquito repellents in form of sprays and roll -ons. 
2 Normative references   
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this document.  For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, 
the lates t edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
AOAC 997.07 , N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide  
EAS 346, Labelling of cosmetic products — General requirements  
EAS 377 (all parts), Cosmetics and cosmetic products  
EAS 846, Glossary  of terms relating to the cosmetic industry  
EAS 847 -16, Cosmetics —Analytical methods —Part 16: Determination of Heavy Metal Content  
EAS 847 -17, Cosmetics —Analytical methods —Part 17: Physio -chemical test   
ISO 18416 , Cosmetics — Microbiology — Detection o f Candida albicans  
ISO 21149 , Cosmetics — Microbiology — Enumeration and detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteria  
ISO 22717 , Cosmetics — Microbiology — Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa  
ISO 22718 , Cosmetics — Microbiology — Detection of Staphylococcus au reus 
ISO 24153, Random sampling and randomization procedures  
DEAS  1120 -1, Mosquito repellents ― Performance test guidelines ― Part 1: Skin applied repellents  
3 Terms and definitions   
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in EAS 846 and the following 
apply . ISO and IEC maintain terminologica l databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
2 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 3.1  
mosquito  
blood -sucking dipterous insect of the family Culicidae. Aedes, Anop heles, Culex, Mansonia, and Stegomyia 
are genera containing most species involved in the transmission of protozoan and other disease -causing 
parasites .  
3.2 
mosquito repellent  
substance applied to deter  mosquito from approaching or settling.  
3.3 
natural re pellent  
repellent  that contain, plant -based compounds  
3.4 
synthetic repellent  
conventional repellent  containing chemical compounds manufactured to imitate the natural compounds  
3.5 
roll-on 
cosmetic preparation with the effect of deodorizing and providing a ntiperspirant properties to the body of the 
user. It is packed in a container fitted with a roll -ball. 
3.6 
roll-ball 
spherically shaped object, with the capacity to roll in all directions. It is put at the opening of a roll -on container 
and serves the role  of closing the container as well as dispensing the contents, when rolled on the skin  
4 Forms  
4.1 The mosquito repellent shall be in the form of:  
a) sprays  
b) roll-ons 
4.2 The spray shall consist of a liquid formulation in a pressurised, non -refillable dispenser , containing 
active ingredient(s), and/or synergist(s) and other formulants including propellants and solvents. It may be 
packaged in aerosol or non -aerosol dispensers.  
4.3 The roll on shall also be in form of cosmetic preparation meant to be applied as a roll-on, and which 
contains active ingredient(s), synergist(s) and/or other formulants.  
5 Requirements  
5.1 General requirements  
5.1.1  The mosquito repellent shall contain required amounts of active ingredients and when applied to the 
skin shall have the ef fect of repelling mosquitos.  
5.1.2  The formulation shall be of uniform colour and shall be free from visible impurities.  
5.1.3  The aerosols shall not contain solvents and propellants listed in Annex A.  
5.1.4  All ingredients s hall conform to all parts of EAS 377                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  3 
 5.1.5  When applied to the skin, the mosquito repellent shall have the benefit of repelling mosquitoes and 
shall not have a harmful effect to the skin.  
5.1.6  The deviation from the declared content  of the active ingredient  shall not be more than 1  %. 
5.2 Active ingredients and synergists  
5.2.1  Natural repellents  
5.2.1.1  Active ingredients used in natural repellents shall be natural plant based active ingredients such 
as essential oils or any other plant extract approved as mosquito repellents.  
5.2.1.2  The manufacturer shall provide adequate data on the repellence of such ingredients.  
5.2.1.3  The manufacturer shall have adequate data justifying the proportion of ingredient(s) for which 
claims are made, used in the product.  
5.2.1.4  The essential oils used  in natural repellents shall be safe for users and provide the required 
efficacy. Annex H gives some ingredients (essential oils) and safe concentration commonly used in natural 
repellents.  
5.2.1.5  The concentration of plant -based active ingredient and rec ommended application shall be safe to 
the user and provide the required efficacy. Annex I provides the efficacy of some plant -based mosquito 
repellents.  
5.2.2  Synthetic repellents  
5.2.2.1  Synthetic repellents shall contain chemical compounds which are able  to deter mosquitoes from 
approaching or settling on the surface  
5.2.2.2  The concentration of the active ingredients and the recommended application/use shall ensure 
the declared efficacy and shall be safe and proved by scientific evidence.  
5.2.2.3  Synthet ic repellents and their active ingredients shall be approved and registered by relevant 
authority before being released to the market. Annex  J gives the list of some of active ingredients used in 
synthetic repellents  
5.2.3  Synergist content  
5.2.3.1  The syn ergist content shall be declared and, when determined, the average content measured shall 
not differ from that declared.  
5.2.3.2  The synergist used shall include the following but not be limited to:  
a) piperonyl butoxide (PBO);  
b) sesame seed oil (sesamin, sesam olin); and/or  
c) N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide (MGK 264).  
5.2.3.3  The synergist shall be tested in accordance with AOAC 997.07. The ratio of the active ingredient to 
the synergist shall be indicated and records availed.  
5.2.3. 4 The ratio of the active  ingredient to the synergist shall be at the ratio range of 1 to 10 parts 
exponent’s active ingredient to 1 part of a repellent ’s active ingredient  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
4 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 5.3 Specific requirements  
The mosquito repellent shall comply with the specific requirements given in table  1. 
Table 1 — Specific requirements for skin applied mosquito repellent s in form of sprays and roll -ons 
S/N  Parameter  Requirement  Test method  
i  pH  3 – 7 EAS 847 -17 
ii  Non-volatile matter, % m/m, min  10 Annex B 
5.4 Heavy metal contaminants  
The prod ucts shall comply with the heavy metal limits given in Table 2 when tested in accordance with the test 
methods specified therein.  
Table 2 — Heavy metal limits for skin applied mosquito repellents in form of sprays and roll -ons 
S/No  Heavy metals  Maximum Limita, 
mg/kg  Test method  
i  Lead  10 EAS 847 -16 
ii  Arsenic  2 
iii  Mercury  2 
a The total amount of heavy metals as lead, mercury and arsenic, in combination, in the finished product shall not exceed 10 mg /kg. 
 
5.5 Microbiological limits  
The produc t shall comply with the microbiological limits given in Table 3 when tested in accordance with the 
test methods specified therein.  
Table 3  — Microbiology limits for skin applied mosquito repellents in form of sprays and roll -ons 
S/No  Microorganism  Requirem ent Test method  
i Total viable count, CFU/g or CFU/ml, max.  
 Products for children below 
three years   
 Other products   
100 
1000 ISO 21149  
ii Staphylococcus aureus (per g or per ml)  Not detected  ISO 22718  
iii Pseudomonas aeruginosa (per g or per ml)  Not detected  ISO 22717  
Iv Candida albicans (per g or per ml)  Not detected  ISO 18416  
 
5.6 Requirements for aerosol containers  
The product packaged in aerosol containers shall meet the requirements given in Table 4.                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  5 
 Table 4 — Specific requirements fo r aerosol containers.  
S/N  Parameter  Requirement  Test method  
i  CFCs  Absent  Annex C 
ii  Delivery rate g/s, min  0.01 Annex D 
iii  Net weight delivery, % m/m, min  95 Annex E 
iv  General leakage  To pass test  Annex  F 
 
5.7 Biological efficacy  
When te sted in accordance with DEAS 1120 -1, the product shall repel 100% of the mosquitoes from 
approaching or settling on that surface, within protection time indicated by the manufacturer.  
6 Packaging  
The product shall be packaged in suitable well sealed conta iners that shall protect the contents and shall not 
react with the product or cause any contamination during storage, handling or use.  
6.1 Roll ball construction  
If the container is fitted with a roll -on;  
a) the roll ball shall be made of plastic material.   
b) the roll ball shall be fitting on the container such that on holding the container inside down the 
contents shall not pour out.  
c) the roll ball shall be free rolling, leaving a thin layer of the contents on  the skin during dispensation.  
6.2 Aerosol conta iners  
Filled aerosol containers shall be appropriately classified in terms of flame propagation characteristics of their 
contents when tested in accordance with Annex G.  
i. Highly flammable — if the average length of the flame is greater than 0.45 m or if t he flame burns back to 
the actuator, or continues to burn when the test flame is extinguished.  
ii. Flammable — if the average length of the flame is between 0.20 m and 0.45 m.  
iii. Non-flammable  — if the product does not burn in the manner described above (Highly flammable) and 
(Flammable)  
7 Labelling  
In addition to the labelling requirements given in EAS 346, the package shall be legibly and indelibly labelled 
in English and/or any other official language (French, Kiswahili, etc.) used in the importing East Afri can 
Partner State with the following information : 
a) name of the  product as mosquito repellent;  
b) form of the pr oduct, as “roll -on” or “spray”;  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
6 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 c) name and physical address of the manufacturer;  
d) batch number;  
e) date of manufacture;  
f) date of expiry;  
g) quantity in the con tainer;  
h) list of active ingredient (s) and their concentration.;  
i) list of other ingredients ; 
j) net mass of content;  
k) directions for use;  
l) safety precaution;  
m) special persons whose exposure is prohibited (out of reach of children and pregnant women);  
n) disposal in structions ; and  
o) storage conditions.  
8 Sampling  
Sampling shall be in accordance with ISO 24153.                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  7 
 Annex A  
(normative)  
 
Solvents not permitted for use in aerosols  
a) Benzene  
b) 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)  
c) 2-butoxyethylacetate (ethylene glyco l monobutyl ether acetate)  
d) carbon tetrachloride  
e) chlorobenzene  
f) chloroform  
g) 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride)  
h) 2-ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)  
i) 2-ethoxyethylacetate (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate)  
j) n-hexane  
k) 2-hexanone (methyl n -butyl ketone)  
l) 2-methoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether)  
m) 2-methoxyethylacetate (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate)  
n) tetrachloroethylene  
o) trichloroethylene  
p) Propellants  
Note: Hydrocarbon propellants are recommended for insecticide aerosols, pr ovided international safety 
standards are met by the aerosol producer. Industry should be encouraged to develop alternative and safer 
propellants and delivery systems.  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
8 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex B  
(normative)  
 
Non-volatile matter  
B.1 Apparatus  
B.1.1 Moisture dish  
B.1.2 Oven  
B.1.3 Analytical balance  
B.1.4 Desiccator  
B.2 Procedure  
Weigh accurately 1g ± 0.2 g of the sample in the dish and place it in an oven at 105 °C ± 2 °C for 1 h. Cool to 
room temperature in a desiccator and weigh the dish. Repeat the process to bring it to  constant mass.  
B.3 Calculation  
The non -volatile matter content, expressed as percent, shall be calculated as follows;  
=
  
 
where,  
M mass, in grams of the material taken;  
M1 mass in grams of the dry and empty dish, and  
M2 mass in grams of th e dish and dried material                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  9 
 Annex C  
(normative)  
 
Determination of propellant composition  
C.1 Procedure  
C.1.1 The analysis of the propellant mixture in most aerosols is carried out conveniently by gas 
chromatography. For Sampling, a hypodermic needle is fitte d to the valve of the aerosol can and 
approximately 0.5 g of the propellant is injected into the heavy duty centrifuge tube closed with serum cap, 
containing about 8 ml of benzene. After mixing, 5μl samples are taken out from this tube with a microlitre 
syringe and injected into the gas chromatograph.  
C.1.2 Two 4572 mm × 6.35 mm OD columns operated at 40 °C are recommended for the analysis 
containing 20 percent weight hexadecane and diethylhexyl sebacate respectively on silanized chromosorb 
W60/S0 mesh.  
C.1.3 The first column should be used mainly for initial screening and the second column for the 
confirmation and determination of the identified propellants.  
C.1.4 Table C1 lists the relative retention data of the most widely used propellant together with  some other 
fluorinate hydrocarbons and benzene used as the solvent IN the two columns.  
Table C.1 — Relative retention data of propellants  
Chemical name  Stationary phase diethylhexyl 
sebacate  Stationary phase hexadecane  
Octafluorocylobutane  0.214  0.122  
1-chloro -1,2,2 trifluoroethylene  0.268  0.196  
Propane  0.275  0.22 
1,2-difluoroethane  0.289  0.141  
Dichlorodifluoromethane  0.296  0.220  
1,2-dichloro1,1.2,2 -tetrafluoromethane  0.345  0.290  
Isobutane  0.366  0.378  
Monochlorodiflouoromethane  0.368  0.152 
1-Chloro -1,1-difluoroethane  0.402  0.236  
n- butane  0.449  0.527  
Vinylchloride  0.529  0.353  
Trichlorofluoroethane  1.000  1.000  
1,1,2 -trichloro -1,2,2 -tetrafluoroethane  1.254  1.342  
Dichloromonofluoroethane  1.354  0.515  
1,2-dibromo -1,1,2,2 tetrafluor oethane  1.634  1.363  
Methylene Chloride  2.565  1.070  
Benzene  6.786  5.661  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
10 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 C.2 Results  
The sample shall be considered as having failed the test if it contains any of the above CFCs.                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex D  
(normative)  
 
Determination of delivery rate of the dispenser  
D.1 Material and apparatus  
The following material and apparatus shall be used in this test  
D.1.1 Stop watch   
D.1.2 Balance  
Having accuracy to 0.01 g and with a capacity greater than 500 g.  
D.1.3 Pair of gloves  
Made of cloth or fabric or towel for handlin g dispensers during test.  
D.1.4 Pair of tongs  
For removing dispensers from water bath.  
D.1.5 Water bath  
Set at 26 °C ± 0.3 °C, thermostatically controlled.  
D.2 Procedure  
D.2.1 Hold a dispenser upright, spray for two seconds to fill the eduction tube.  Then weigh the dispenser  
D.2.2 Submerge the dispenser into the water bath for 15 minutes using tongs, remove the dispenser from the 
bath and immediately dry the container with a towel Spray the dispenser in one continuous burst for 10 
seconds. Re -weigh t he dispenser.  
D.2.3 Repeat the procedure and take an average of three tests. The difference between the maximum and 
minimum delivery rates shall not exceed 0.2 g per second.  
D.3 Calculation  
The delivery rate , expressed as g ram/second , shall be calculated  as follows;   
Delivery rate (in g per second) = 
  
where,  
M1 initial weight of the dispenser in grams  
M2 final weight of the dispenser in grams  
N time in seconds  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
12 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex E  
(normative)  
 
Net weight delivery  
E.1 For the determination of the net we ight delivery, a random sample of at least three packages is 
selected. After the removal of any dust cover or caps not required for dispensing the product, the gross weight 
of each package is determined and after shaking for 15 S, the content of the lighte st container is drained by 
holding the valve wide open. Now the exhausted container is weighed. The result is called wet – tare weight 
and is equal to the weight of the container plus any product remaining after draining.  
E.2 Consequently, the regeneratio n allowance is determined and subtracted from the wet -tare weight to 
obtain the corrected wet -tare weight. The regeneration allowance is defined as the difference between the 
weight of the product which would be delivered through normal usage and the weigh t of the product delivered 
by the present accelerated procedure. It is calculated by multiplying the label weight of the container by 0.02 g 
and rounding the result to the next lowest gram.  
E.3 By subtracting the corrected tare weight from the gross weigh t, the adjusted net weight of the package 
is obtained. If this is greater than 95 % of the label weight the lot is assumed to be satisfactory. However, if it 
is less than 95 % of the label weight, the lot is rejected.                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  13 
 Annex F  
(normative)  
 
Testing of filled  aerosol containers  
F.1 Procedure  
F.1.1 All filled aerosol containers shall be tested by immersion in a water bath set at 55 °C.  
F.1.2 The container shall be such that the pressure generated within the immersed container reaches not 
less than 90 percent of the pressure generated within the containers at equilibrium at 55 °C.  
F.2 Interpretation of results  
Any filled aerosol container that shall leak, get distorted or burst as a result of this test shall be considered to 
have failed the test and shall be discarded.  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
14 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex G  
(normative)  
 
Flame propagation  
G.1 Principle  
The filled aerosol container is sprayed as a test flame under controlled conditions and length of the burning 
spry cone is measured.  
G.2 Apparatus  
G.2.1 In its simplest form, the apparatus consists of a base marked at 0.15 m intervals, an adjustable stand 
to carry the aerosol container which may be raised or lowered to accommodate differences in container 
height, a means of measuring the burning spray cone (usually a one metre fuel placed ho rizontally at the 
same level as the top third of the flame, the hottest part) a means of igniting the spray cone in the form of a 
test flame 0.05 m ± 0.005 m in height (usually a candle flame is used).  
G.2.2 Water bath maintained at 20 °C.  This equipment shall be used to bring the aerosol container and its 
contents to equilibrium at 20 °C (Heat the cans to 20 °C in the water bath).  
G.3 Procedure  
G.3.1 Place the aerosol container on the stand. Depress the actuator and adjust the height of the stand so 
that the spray cone will pass through the upper third test flame (hottest part).  
G.3.2 Bring the aerosol container and its content to the equilibrium temperature of 20 °C. Place the 
container on the stand so that the point where the spray emerges is 0.15 m fr om the test flame. Then light the 
test flame and depress the actuator for 15 seconds to 20 seconds. Record the total length of the burning spray 
cone and specify whether or not it burns back to the actuator.  
G.3.3 Extinguish the test flame and record wheth er the spray cone continues to burn while the actuator is 
depressed.  
G.3.4 Repeat each test twice and record the flame length as the average of the three tests                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  15 
 Annex H  
informative  
 
Some common essential oils in natural repellents that may be hazardous  
Table H1 — Some common ingredients (essential oils) in natural repellents that may be hazardous  
Common name  Scientific name  Safe concentration (%)  Hazard   
Anise  Pimpinella anisum  3.6 Based on 0.11 % methyl 
eugenol; carcinogen  
Basil  Ocimum sp.  0.07 Based on 6 % methyl 
eugenol; carcinogen.  
Bergamot  Citrus  0.1 Sensitising and phototoxic; 
skin irritant.  
Cajeput  bergamia  0.004  Based on 97 % methyl 
eugenol; carcinogen.  
Cedar  Melaleuca alternifolia  1 Likely allergenic 
contaminants if nootkatone 
not 98 % pure.  
Cinnamonium  Cinnamonium cassia  9 Sensitising skin irritant  
Cinnamomum verum  0.05 Based on 75.5 % of 
cinnamaldehyde, sensitising 
skin irritant.  
Citronella  Cymbopogon nardus  2 Safety is controversial; based 
on 0.2% methyl eugenol o r 
1.3 % citral; sensitising skin 
irritant.  
18.2 Based on 29.1 % geraniol, 
sensitising skin irritant  
Citronella (java)  Cymbopogon  
winterianius  2 Based on 2 % methyl 
eugenol; carcinogen  
Citrus oils  Citrus sp.  16 – 25 Based on 0.005 % - 0.0025 
% bergapten; phototoxic skin 
irritant  
Clove  Syzyguim aromaticum  0.5 Based on 92 % eugenol; 
sensitising skin irritant.  
Eucalyptus  E.globulus,  
E.globulusmaidenii;E  
radiate;E.smithii,  
E.camaldulensis  20 High in 1,8 -Cineole can 
cause Central Nervous 
System (CNS) and breathing 
problems in young children.  
Fever tea, lemon bush  Lippie javanica  2 Based on 5 % citral in related 
species; sensitising skin 
irritant.  
Geranium  Pelargonium graveolens  6 Based on 1.5 % citral; 
sensitising skin irritant  
Pelargonium x asperum  17.5 Based on 30.3 % geraniol; 
sensitising skin irritant.  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
16 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Ginger  Zingber sp.  12 Based on 0.8 citral; 
sensitising skin irritant.  
Huon oil, Macquarie pine  Langarostrobus franklini  0.004  Based on methyl euginol;  
Huon oil, Macqu arie pine  Langarostrobus franklini  0.004  Based on methyl euginol; 
carcinogen.  
Lemongrass  Cymbopogon citrates  0.1 Based on 90 % citral; 
sensitising skin irritant.  
Lime  Citrus aurantifolia  0.7 Phototoxic skin irritant.  
Litsea  Litsea cubeba  0.1 Based on 78 % cotral; 
sensitising skin irritant  
Marigold  Tagates minuta  0.01 Phototoxic skin irritant  
Mint  Menthe piperata and 
spicata  2 Based on 0.1 % trans -2-
hexenal; sensitising skin 
irritant  
Nutmeg  Myristica fragrans  0.4 Based on 1 % methyl  
eugenol; carcinogen.  
Palmarosa  Cymbopogon martini  16 Based on 1.2% farnesol; 
sensitizing skin irritant.  
Pine  Pinus sylvestris  Prepare with antioxidants  Oxidation creates phototoxic 
skin irritants  
Rosemary  Rosemarinus officinalis  36 Based on 0. 011% methyl 
eugenol; carcinogen.  
16.5 High in Camphor CT 
(Chemotype)  
22 High in α -Pinene CT  
6.5 High in Verbenone CT  
Rue  Rota chalepensis  0.15 Based on presence of 
psoralenes; phototoxic skin 
irritant.  
Tea tree  Tea tree  Tea tree  Tea tree  
Leptospermum petersonii 
(lemon scented)  0.6 Based on 76.7 % Citral 
(Geranial +Neral), sensitising 
skin irritant.  
Thyme  Thymus vulgaris  2 Based on 0.1 % trans -2-
hexenal; sensitising skin 
irritant.  
Violet  Viola odorata  2 Based on 0.1 % trans -2-
hexenal; sensitizing skin 
irritant.  
Ylang -ylang  Canagium odoratum  2 Based on 4 % farnesol; 
sensitizing skin irritant  
                    DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  17 
 Annex I  
(informative)  
 
Plant -based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development 
and testing  
Plant -based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measur e against 
host-seeking mosquitoes. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable 
resource for the development of new natural products. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant -based 
ingredie nts have gained increasing popularity among consumers, as these are commonly perceived as “safe” in 
comparison to long -established synthetic repellents although this is sometimes a misconception. Table I.1 gives an 
overview of repellent plant efficacy from  literature review.  
Table I.1 — An overview of repellent plant efficacy from literature review  
Plant  Location  Other names  Repellent 
compound (s)  Tested mode of 
use  Repellency % 
protection  
Myrtaceae  
Corymbia 
citriodora  Australia  
Brazil  
Bolivia  
China  
India  
Ethiopia 
Tanzania Kenya  Lemon 
eucalyptus 
Lemon  
Scented  
Gum Quwenling  Citronellal PMD 
(by product of  
hydrodistillation)  
(p-methane -3,8-  
diol) Citronellol  
Limonene  
Geraniol 
Isopulegol  
δ-pinene  30 % PMD 
applied  
topically  96.88% 
protection from 
mosquitoes for 
4 hours  
PMD towelette 
(0.57g) applied  
topically  90% protection 
from An. 
Arabiensis for 6 
hours.  
50 % PMD 
applied  
topically  100% protection 
from An. 
Gambiae and 
An. Funestus  
for 6 – 7 hours.  
20 % PMD (1.7 
mg/cm2) applied 
topically.  100% protection 
for 11 – 12 
hours against A. 
stephensi.   
20 % PMD 
applied topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti for 120 
minutes.  
Thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  78.7% 
protection from 
An. Arabiensis.  
Direct burning 
(leaves)  70.1% 
protection from 
An. arabiensis   
Periodic thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  74.5% 
protection from 
An. Gambiae 
s.s.  
Periodic direct 
burning (leaves)  51.3% 
protection from 
An. Gambia e 
s.s.  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
18 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  48.71% 
protection from 
An. Gambiae 
s.l.  
Eucalyptus spp .  Guinea -Bissau  
Ethiopia  
Tanzania  
Portugal  Eucalyptus  1,8-cineole 
citronellal Z - and 
α- citral α - pinene  Thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  72.2% 
protection fr om 
mosquitoes for 
2 hours  
E.camaldulensis  Ethiopia    Thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  72.2% 
protection from 
An.Pharaoensis  
71.9% 
protection from 
An. Arabiensis  
Direct burning 
(leaves)  
.  66.6% 
protection from 
An.Pharaoensis  
65.3% 
protection  from 
An. Arabiensis  
Eugenia 
caryophyllus or 
Syzygium 
aromaticum or 
Eugenia aromatic   India  Clove lavang 
cravinho -da india  Euginol Carvacrol 
Thymol 
Cinnamaldehyde  100 % essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
aegypti for 225 
minute s  
100% protection 
against An. 
Albimanus  for 
213 minutes  
100 % essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
aegypti  for 120 
min.  
100% protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 240 min.  
100% protection 
against An. 
Dirus for 210 
min.  
Verbenaceae  
lippia spp.  Kenya Tanzania 
Ghana Zimbabwe  Lemon bush  Myrcene  
Linalool α - pinene 
eucalyptol    
L. javanica    Alloparinol 
Camphor 
Limonene α - 
terppeneol 
verbenone  5 mg/cm2 plant 
extract applied 
topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
aegypti for 8 
hours  
Alcohol plant 
extract applied 
topically  76.7% 
protection  
against An. 
Arabiensis  for 4 
hours                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  19 
 L. uckambensis   Fever tea   Potted plant  33.3% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s   
Periodic thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  45.9% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s   
Periodic direct 
burning (leaves)  45.9% 
prote ction 
against An.  
Gambiae s.s  
Potted plant  25.01% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s   
L. cheraliera    Eucalyptol 
Caryophyllene 
Ipsdienone p -
cymene    
Lantana camara  Kenya Tanzania  Lantana Spanish 
flag  
West Indian  
Lantana  
Wild sage  Caryophyle ne  Potted plant  32.4% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s   
Potted plant  27.22% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.l  
Flower extract in 
coconut oil  94.5% 
protection 
against aegypti 
and ae. 
albopictus for 
one hour  
Periodic thermal 
axpulsion 
(leaves)  42.4% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s  
Lamiaceae  
ocimum spp. O. 
americanum  Kenya Tanzania 
Zimbabwe 
Nigeria Ghana 
Cameroon Eritrea 
Ethiopia (…)  Tree basil  
Nchu avum  
Lime basil 
Kivumbasi Myeni  
Madongo African 
blue Basil  
Hairy basil  p-cymene 
estragosl linalool 
linoleic acid 
eucalyptol 
eugenol camphor 
citral thujone 
limonene 
ocimene and 
others  Potted plant  39.70% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s   
Potted plant  37.91% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s .l  
Fresh plants 
combined w ith O. 
suavebruised and 
applied topically  50% protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.l   
Periodic thermal 
axpulsion (leaves 
and seeds)  43.1% 
protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s   
Periodic direct 20.9% DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
20 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 burning (leaves 
and seeds)  protection 
against An. 
Gambiae s.s   
100% essential 
oil combined with 
vanillin 5% 
applied topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
aegypti f or 6.5 
hours  
100% protection  
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 8 hours  
100% protection 
against An. 
Dirus  for 8 
hours  
O. suave     Thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  73.6% 
protection from 
An. Arbiensis  
75.1% 
protection 
against An. 
pharaoensis  
Direct burning 
(leaves ) 71.5% 
protection from 
An. arbiensis  
79.7% 
protection 
against An. 
pharaoensis  
Periodic thermal 
expulsion  (leaves 
and seeds)  53.1% 
protection from 
An. gambiae 
s.s.  
Periodic direct 
burning (leaves 
and seeds)  28.0% 
protection from 
An. gambiae 
s.s.  
O. basilicum     Thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  78.7% 
protection from 
An. arabiensis  
79.2% 
protection fr om 
An. pharaoensis  
Direct burning 
(leaves)  
 73.1% 
protection from 
An. arabiensis  
70.0% 
protection from 
An. pharaoensis  
100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
for 70 minutes.  
O. 
kilimandschariku
m    Thermal 
expulsion (leaves  
and seeds)  44.54% 
protection 
against An.                    DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  21 
 gambiae s.l.  
Thermal 
expulsion (leaves 
and seeds)  37.63% 
protection 
against An. 
funestus.  
Periodic thermal 
expulsion (leaves 
and seeds)  52.0% 
protection 
against An. 
gambiae s.s .  
Periodic direct  
burning (leaves 
and seeds)  26.4% 
protection 
against An. 
gambiae s.s . 
O. forskolei     Fresh plants 
hung indoors  53% protection 
against 
mosquitoes 
entering human 
dwelling  
Hyptis spp. 
Hyptis 
suaveolens  Kenya Tanzania 
Ghana  
The Gambiae  Bushmint  
Wild hops Wild 
Spikenard 
Hangzimu 
Hortela -do  Myrcene  Smouldering on 
charcoal  85.4% 
repellency 
against 
mosquitoes for 
2 hours  
Fresh leaves  73.2% 
repellency 
against 
mosquitoes for 
2 hours.  
Periodic direct 
burning (leaves 
and flowers)  20.8% 
repell ency 
against An. 
gambiae s.s.   
Menthe spp. M. 
piperata  Brazil  
Bolivia  Hortela -do-
campo 
Peppermint   100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
aegypti for 45 
minutes.  
M. arvensis    Menta  
Japanese mint   100% essential 
oil volati lized in a 
kerosene lamp  41% protection 
against indoors 
against 
Mansonia spp . 
Thymus spp. Th. 
vulgaris  China Former 
Soviet Union 
Korea Middle -
East 
Mediterranean  Thyme  α- terpinene 
carvacrol thymol 
p-cymene linalool 
geraniol  α- terpinene 
topically  97.3% 
protection 
against Culex 
pipiens sallens  
for 82 min.  
Carvacrol 
topically  94.7% 
protection 
against C. 
pipiens sallens 
for 80 min.  
Thymol topically  91.8% 
protection 
against C. 
pipiens sallens 
for 70 min  
Linalool topically  91.7% 
protec tion DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
22 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 against C. 
pipiens sallens  
for 65 min  
p-cymene  89.0% 
protection 
against C. 
pipiens sallens 
for 45.2 min  
100 % essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against An. 
Arbimanus  for 
105 min and 
Ae. aegypti  for 
135 min.  
Direct bur ning 
(leaves)  85-90% 
protection for 
60-90 min.  
Pogostemon spp.  China  Patchouli   100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
aegypti for 120 
min.  
Pogostemon 
cablin  India  
Malaysia 
Thailand  Oriza   100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 150 min.  
100% protection 
against  An. 
Dirus for 710 
min. 
Poaceae  
Cymbopogon  China  
India  
Indonesia      
C. nardus  Brazil   citronellal  40% essential oil 
applied topically  100% protection 
for 7 -8 hours 
against An. 
Stephensi  
    100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti for 120 
min.  
100% protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 100 min.  
100% protection 
against An. 
dirus for 70 min.  
10% ess ential oil 
applied topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti for 20 
min.                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  23 
 C. martini  Tanzania  
Kenya  palmarosa  geraniol  100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against An. 
culicifacies for 
12 hours.  
96.3% 
protection 
against  C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 12 hours.  
Topically (100% 
essential oil)  98.8% 
protection 
against  C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 10 hours.  
C. citratus  USA  
South Africa 
Bolivia  Lemongrass oil  Citral α - pinene  Topically (100% 
essential oil)  74% protection 
against An. 
Darling i for 2.5 
hours  
95% protection 
against 
Mansonia spp. 
for 2.5 hours  
Methanol leaf 
extract applied 
topically 
(2.5mg/m2)  78.8% 
protection 
against An. 
Arabiensis  for 
12 hours  
100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protec tion 
for 30 minutes  
C. winterianius     100% essential 
oil combined with 
vanillin 5% 
applied topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti  for 6.5 
hours  
100% protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 8 hours  
100% protection 
against An. 
Dirus for 8 
hours  
C. excavatus     extract applied 
topically  66.7% 
protection 
against  An. 
Arabiensis  for 3 
hours  
Pelargonium 
Reniforme   Rose  
Geranium   Alcohol plant 
extract applied 
topically  63.3% 
protection 
against An. 
Arabiensis  for 3 
hours  
Meliaceae  
Azadirachta 
indica  India  
SriLanka China  Neem  Azadirachtin 
saponins  Direct burning 
(leaves)  76.0% 
protection from 
mosquitoes for DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
24 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Brazil  
Bolivia Pakistan 
Ethiopia Guinea 
Bissau  
Kenya Tanzania   2 hours  
Periodic thermal 
expulsion 
(leaves)  24.5% 
protection from 
An. Gambiae 
s.s.  
1% neem oil 
volatilized in a 
kerosene lamp  94.2% 
protection from 
Anopheles spp .  
80% protection 
from Culex spp . 
2% neem oil 
applied topically  56.75% 
protection from 
mosquitoes for 
4 hours  
Asteraceae  
Tagetes minuta  Uganda 
Zimbabwe India  Khaki weed   Topically  86.4% 
protection 
against An. 
Stephensi for 6 
hours  
Topically  84.2% 
protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 6 hours  
Topically  75% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti for 6 
hours  
Fresh leaves 
(4kg)  Reduced 
human landings 
indoors  
Artemisia ssp.       
A. vulgalis  India  
Egypt  
Italy 
Canada  
USA Mugwort 
wormwood St. 
Johns plant Old 
uncle henry 
Sailors Tobacco  Camphor Linalool 
Terpenen -4-ol α - 
and β - thujone β - 
pinene    
A. monosper ma  Siberia  
Brazil  Felon herb 
Naughty man  Myrcene 
Limonene  
Cineol  5% leave extract 
applied topically  100% protection 
for 4 hours  
Caesalpiniaceae  
Daniellia oliveri  Guinea -Bissau 
The Gambiae  Churai  
Santao  
Santang  
Santango   Direct burning 
(bark )  77.9% 
protection 
against 
mosquitoes for 
2 hours  
Direct burning 
(bark)  77% protection 
against 
mosquitoes  
Fabaceae                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  25 
 Glycine max  Worldwide  Soya   2% soya bean oil  100% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti  for 95 
minutes  
Rutaceae  
anthoxylum 
limonel la  Thailand  makaen   100% essential 
oil applied 
topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti  for 120 
minutes  
100% protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 170 
minutes  
10% essential oil 
combined with 
vanillin 5 
%applied 
topically  100% pr otection 
against An. 
dirus  for 95 
minutes  
Citrus hystrix  Indonesia 
Malaysia 
Thailand  
Laos  Kaffir lime  
Limau  
Purut   100% essential 
oil combined with 
vanillin 5% 
applied topicall  100% protection 
against An. 
Stephensi for 8 
hours  
100% protecti on 
against Ae. 
Aegypti for 3 
hours  
100% protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 1.5 hours  
100% protection 
against An. 
dirus  
Zingiberaceae  
Curcuma longa   Turmeric  
Curcuma  
Indian saffron   100% essential 
oil combined with 
vanillin 5% 
applied topically  100% protection 
against Ae. 
Aegypti  for 4.5 
hours  
100% protection 
against C. 
quinquefasciatu
s for 8 hours  
100% protection 
against  An. 
dirus  for 8 hours  DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
26 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Annex J 
(Informative)  
 
Active ingredients for synthetic repellents  
Table J1 – List of some active ingredients for synthetic repellents  
Active ingredient  Assessing risks to Health  Assessing risks to Environment  
DEET  
DEET, which is an acronym for 
N,NDiethyl -meta -toluamide, is one of 
the most effective bug repellents and 
also repels ticks.  Large doses of DEET have been 
linked to skin blisters, seizures, 
memory loss, headaches, stiffness in 
the joints shortness of breath, and skin 
irritation. DEET is also linked to 
neurotoxicity that may lead to 
physiological and behavioral pr oblems, 
especially with motor skills, and 
learning and memory dysfunction.  DEET is absorbed quickly through the 
skin: one study showed that 48 % of 
the applied dose is totally absorbed 
within six hours. When mixed with the 
sunscreen chemical oxybenzone, i t 
was found to be absorbed even more 
quickly. DEET has been shown to 
cross the placenta: in animal studies, 
DEET was found in the fetus and in 
newborns up to three months old after 
exposing the mother to the chemical.  
IR 3535  
3-[N-Butyl -N-acetyl] -aminop ropionic 
acid, ethyl ester is structurally related 
to #-alanine, which occurs naturally. 
The active ingredient is a liquid at 
room temperature.  IR3535 has been used as an insect 
repellent in Europe for 20 years with 
no substantial adverse effects. Toxicit y 
tests show that the IR3535 is not 
harmful when ingested, inhaled, or 
used on skin. Eye irritation could occur 
if the chemical enters a person=s 
eyes. Any allergic reactions are 
required to be reported to EPA  Because the active ingredient is used 
only in  products applied to human 
skin, no risks to the environment are 
expected  
PMD  
(p-Menthane -3,8-diol p -Menthane -3,8-
diol occurs naturally in the lemon 
eucalyptus plant. The natural oil can 
be extracted from the eucalyptus 
leaves and twigs. For commercial use, 
the active ingredient is chemically 
synthesized. pMenthane -3,8-diol is 
structurally similar to menthol.  In studies using laboratory animals, p -
Menthane -3,8-diol shows no adverse 
effects except for eye irritation. 
Therefore, special precautions were 
put on the label to prevent the product 
from contacting people's eyes. For 
example, "Do not get in eyes. Do not 
apply on face or hands of small 
children." and "Do not spray directly on 
or near face. Instead, spray in palm of 
hand and spread on face and neck ." If 
used according to label instructions, 
pMenthane -3,8-diol is not expected to 
pose health risks to people, including 
children and other sensitive 
populations  Based on laboratory animal studies, p -
Menthane -3,8-diol poses minimal or 
no risks to wildlife. Because of the low 
toxicity and limited uses of 
pMenthane -3,8-diol, it is not harmful to 
the environment  
Picardin  
1-(1-methylpropoxycarbonyl) -2-
(2hydroxyethyl) piperidine or 2 -
(2hydroxyethyl) -1-piperidineca rboxylic 
acid 1 -methylpropyl ester. Picaridin is 
an insect repellent that is applied 
directly to the skin. Picaridin appears 
to work by preventing the mosquito 
finding or recognizing its host. 
Picaridin products can be formulated 
as solids, liquids, sprays , aerosols, or 
wipes.  Picaridin generally is of low acute 
toxicity, and based on the available 
toxicological data, the Agency believes 
that the normal use of Picaridin does 
not present a health concern to the 
general U.S. population  Based on the ecologic al effects data 
submitted by the registrant, the 
Agency concluded that the product 
should pose no risks to terrestrial and 
aquatic organisms from the proposed 
use pattern. The use should provide 
non-target organisms extremely limited 
access to the chemical .                     DEAS 1119 -2:2022  
© EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  27 
 2-undecanone (Methyl nonyl ketone ) 
is a dog and cat repellent/training aid 
and iris borer deterrent. The pesticide 
is used in households, paths, patios, 
solid waste containers and on 
ornamental plants. Methyl nonyl 
ketone is formulated as a pressurized  
liquid, granular, liquid ready -to-use 
(pump/sprayer), solid (crystalline), and 
liquid for reformulating use only. EPA 
assumes that the volume of use of this 
pesticide is relatively low.  Based on the current use patterns and  
 exposure profiles for methyl n onyl 
ketone, no dietary or occupational risk 
characterizations are required since 
residues in or on food/feed are not 
expected to occur and no toxicological 
endpoints of concern for either short or 
intermediated terms were identified.  Due to the repellent nature of the 
product, risks to non -target terrestrial 
species is not likely. In addition, 
nontarget aquatic species exposure is 
unlikely because this chemical is 
neither persistent nor mobile in the 
environment and associated use 
patterns.  
 DEAS 1119 -2: 2022  
28 © EAC 2022  – All rights reserved  
 Bibliography  
[1] AOAC 997.07, N -octyl Bicycloheptene dicarboximide (MGK 264), Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide 
(PB) in Technical materials, concentrates and Finished Products  
[2] RS 394 -1, Mosquito repellents ― Performance Test Guidelines ― Part 1: Skin applied repel lents   
[3] RS 392 -2: 2018, Skin applied mosquito repellents — Specification — Part 2: Sprays and roll -ons. 
[4] US 2296 -2: 2022 , Skin applied mosquito repellents — Specification — Part 2: Sprays and roll -ons 
 DEAS 1119 -2: 2022    
 
© EAC 2022 – All rights reserved