WT/TPR/M/441  
30 June 2023 
(23-4448) Page: 1/29 
Trade Policy Review Body  
24 and 26 May 2023   
 
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
LIBERIA  
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Saqer Abdullah Almoqbel  (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ) 
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF LIBERIA  ................................ ...... 3 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  5 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ..........................  7 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF LIBERIA  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  .........  22 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  28 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided 
by Liberia  are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/ 441/Add.1  and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY  REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The first Trade Policy Review of Liberia  was held on 24 and 26  May 2023. The Chairperson, 
H.E. Mr Saqer Abdullah Almoqbel (Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia) welcomed the delegation of Liberia , 
heade d by H.E. the Honourable Mawine  G. Giggs, Minister of Commerce and Industry ;  Mr Paul Tate 
Chargé  d'affaires at the Permanent Mission of Liberia to the WTO; the  rest of the delegation; and 
the discussant, H.E. Ms Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter (South  Africa).  
1.2.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.3.  The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements o f procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by Liberia  is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 441, and that of the 
WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 441. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: Canada, 
Singapore, Ch ina, United  States, United  Kingdom, European  Union . The following delegations 
submitted written questions after the deadline: Dominican  Republic . 
1.5.  The Chairperson noted that Liberia received 111  advance written questions from 7  Members 
for th e Review. The q uestions cover different issues, including outstanding WTO notifications; foreign 
investment restrictions; the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement; the Economic 
Partnership Agreements of Liberia; implementation of the ECOWAS Common External Tarif f; 
customs procedures; technical regulations; government procurement; the intellectual property 
regime; and governance issues concerning the forestry and fisheries sectors.  
1.6.  Prior to th e meeting, Liberia provided written replies to all questions submitted w ithin the 
deadline, the Chairperson was looking forward  to hearing Liberia's replies to other questions during 
the two -day meeting . 
1.7.  The meeting provide d a good opportunity for Members to discuss in detail these and other 
issues of interest to them and of i mportance to the multilateral trading system. It was also an 
opportune moment for Liberia to update the Membership on the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic 
on its economy and the measures it has taken in response. The Chairperson looked  forward to a 
fruitful  exchange.  
1.8.  The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing Liberia a very successful first Trade 
Policy Review.  
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF LIBERIA (THE HONOURABLE 
MAWINE G. DIGGS)  
2.1.  Let me begin by extending greetings on behalf of H.E.  George  Manneh  Weah, President of the 
Republic of Liberia , who continues to provide leadership which has brought much needed reforms to 
the trade environment and stability to the overall Liberian economy.  
2.2.  I would like thank the WTO Secretaria t for their remarkable efforts in producing this 
comprehensive Report on Liberia. A big thank you to Ambassador Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter of 
South  Africa for accepting the role of discussant for our report. We appreciate the time she has taken 
to thoroughly exa mine our report and value her insightful comments.  
2.3.  Liberia warmly welcomes the interest expressed by WTO Members in this review, as evidenced 
by the 111  questions we received. We eagerly anticipate productive discussions over the next 
two days and are read y to provide any further information or clarifications you may require, in 
addition to our written responses.  
2.4.  The Liberian delegation will appropriately utilize this opportunity to update Members on the 
economic and trade policies pursued by our Government . Interactions such as these with 
WTO Members are invaluable in gaining a comprehensive understanding of various perspectives and 
also provides a forum for meaningful engagements on the views expressed in the Secretariat 's 
Report.  
2.5.  This first Trade Policy Review for Liberia takes place at a time when our country is still 
recovering from the far -reaching impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic. Despite the challenges posed 
by this and other obstacles to economic growth and development, the Liberian economy has 
demon strated resilience, achieving an estimated growth rate of 4.8% in 2022. This resilience was 
largely driven by strong activity in the mining and panning subsector, particularly in gold production, 
as well as in the services sector through trade and infrastr ucture projects. The outlook for real GDP 
growth in 2023 is projected at 4.3%, with expectations of increased activities in agriculture, 
manufacturing, and the service sectors.  
2.6.  The Government of Liberia recognizes the crucial role of international trade in  driving economic 
growth. Therefore, the Pro -Poor Agenda for Prosperity and Development (PAPD), which is the 
government's guiding framework, sets targets to be achieved in the short, medium, and long term. 
Under the PAPD's Second Pillar, the Government aim s to improve the business regulatory framework 
and investment climate, reducing the cost and time of doing business and trade. To this end, 
significant measures have been implemented by the Liberian business registry, resulting in a drastic 
reduction in th e time required to register a business, from 99  days in 2017 to just 6  days presently 
in 2023. Furthermore, import permits submitted to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry are now 
cleared within a shorter period than previous years.  
2.7.  In addition, we have established a Permanent Secretariat for the National Trade Facilitation 
Committee, as mandated by the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). This Public -Private 
partnership serves as a forum for the Government and the business community to address non -tariff 
barriers, while overseeing the full implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA).  
2.8.  However, it is important to note that of the five Category  C measures notified to the WTO, we 
have received support for only two (Article s 7.6 and 10.4). W e are actively seeking support for the 
implementation of Article s 5.3, 7.7, and 12. We extend our appreciation to the World Customs 
Organization and World Bank Group for their technical assistance in publishing Liberia's first average 
release time and prov iding funding under the Liberia Investment finance and Trade Project (LIFT -P) 
for the Procurement and setting up of a Single Window, respectively. The Time Release Study (TRS) 
published in August  2022 revealed that it takes an average of 12  days, 22  hours,  and 8  minutes to 
clear a consignment from the Freeport of Monrovia. While improvements are still needed, it is crucial 
to acknowledge that clearance from the port has been enhanced, and we are actively implementing 
the recommendations outlined in the TRS.  
2.9.  The protection of intellectual property rights is vital for fostering innovation, facilitating 
business and competition. Liberia has made significant strides in this regard, despite the challenges 
we face. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry collaborate s closely with the Liberia Intellectual WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  Property Office (LIPO) on trade -related aspects of intellectual property rights. We take punitive 
actions, including the confiscation of goods, against those who infringe upon the rights of intellectual 
property hold ers in accordance with Liberian laws. As a party to numerous international conventions 
and treaties on intellectual property rights, including WIPO and ARIPO, we assure you of our 
commitment to the protection of intellectual property rights. We would great ly appreciate technical 
support to strengthen our capacity for enforcing both international and national laws on intellectual 
property.  
2.10.  Liberia is an open economy with abundant opportunities for foreign investment across various 
sectors, including tourism,  manufacturing, oil palm processing, energy, poultry production, and 
banking, among others. We encourage investors to explore these opportunities in Liberia and take 
advantage of the various incentives, such as internal tax exemptions and customs duty bene fits. 
Our youthful population seeks employment opportunities to contribute to the country's development. 
Moreover, Liberia boasts attractive areas for ecotourism, wildlife tourism, and cultural tourism. We 
have implemented a liberalized capital account sys tem and have made substantial commitments in 
our WTO schedule to further liberalize trade.  
2.11.  Situated near the Atlantic  Ocean, Liberia offers significant potential for surfing tourism. 
I therefore encourage you to come and experience the rising tides and the  beautiful beaches.  
2.12.  Additionally, Liberia has an emerging fishery sector, which has a substantial impact on the 
livelihoods and dietary needs of our people. We take stringent actions against illegal, unreported, 
and unregulated (IUU) fishing to ensure the sustainability of fishing activities in Liberian waters. 
In this regard, the WTO  Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies aligns closely with our objectives, and we 
are engaging stakeholders in discussions that will lead to the ratification of said Agreement.  
2.13.  The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), Africa's most comprehensive integration 
strategy, presents an opportunity for the continent to establish a common market, enhance trade 
among its Member States, and alleviate poverty. Liberia, as a Member State  of the African Union, 
has signed the AfCFTA Agreement and is in the process of ratification to become a State Party. We 
are finalizing our National Strategy for the implementation of the Agreement, aiming to maximize 
its benefits for our people.  
2.14.  We remain  committed to sustaining the WTO Multilateral Trading System, as it provides a 
global platform for trade policy dialogue among its Members. WTO  Membership has been 
instrumental in supporting Liberia's law reform, structural transformation, private sector 
development, and export -oriented activities. As a least developed country (LDC) and a member of 
the African Group, Liberia aligns itself with the positions of these groups. We reiterate the need for 
technical assistance and effective trade preferences from developed countries.  
2.15.  In conclusion, trade policies do not exist in isolation but operate in tandem with the 
appropriate fiscal and monetary policies. The Government of Liberia will continue to pursue policies, 
program mes, and activities that enhance trade facilitation, provide a predictable environment for 
traders, and reduce poverty. Distinguished delegates, as we engage in multilateral trade 
negotiations, let us not do it merely for the sake of an agreement, but ensure that the outcomes 
continue to address critical issues such as food security, poverty reduction, global peace, and public 
health.  
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  I would like to extend a warm welcome to Minister  Diggs ; Mr Paul Tate, Chargé  d'affaires,  and 
the Liberian delegation on this important occasion . It is an honour to participate as a discussant in 
Liberia 's first Trade Policy Review.  
3.2.  Your introductory remarks Chair, along with the presentation made by Minister  Diggs, have 
been insightful and in formative, as they effectively set the stage for our deliberations today.  
3.3.  The Report by Liberia confirms the country's commitment to the multilateral trading system. 
Liberia acceded to the WTO in 2016, becoming its 163rd Member. It is richly endowed with m ineral 
resources, is one of the richest ecosystems on the African continent containing a diversity of flora 
and fauna, and a climate favourable to agriculture.  
3.4.  The World  Bank reports that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Liberia was worth 
USD 3.51 billion in 2021, and the economy is experiencing growth after a 3% contraction in 2020 
with growth expected to reach an average of 5.2% over the 2023 -2024 period.  
3.5.  Liberia has a generally open foreign investment regime. Some activities are reserved for 
Liberians  for example travel agencies, and some are subject to foreign investment caps or require a 
minimum foreign capital investment.  
3.6.  According to the IMF, the banking sector is relatively stable and resilient even in the face of 
the economic impact of the COVID -19 pandemic. The financial services regime allows the 
establishment of foreign financial institutions in the form of subsidiaries and branches.  
3.7.  In order to promote economic resilience and respond to shocks, the Government launched 
in 2018 a flagship develo pment plan, Pro -Poor Agenda for Prosperity and Development (PAPD) that 
outlines developmental goals, including the reduction of absolute poverty through sustained and 
inclusive economic growth driven by investments in agriculture, infrastructure, human res ource 
development, and social protection.  
Trade policy  
3.8.  Trade plays an important role in the economy, with trade in goods and services equating 
to 72% of GDP in 2021, and Liberia 's accession into the WTO was an important step towards 
re-engaging with the international trade community after many years of disruption caused by the 
civil war. Liberia 's national trade policy aims to promote international trade and competitiveness and 
also aims to promote a balanced relationship between trade integration, sustai nable development, 
and a more transparent and predictable business environment.  
3.9.  The National Export Strategy 2014 -18, specifies support to key sectors that the Government 
considers as having the best opportunity to diversify its export basket.  
3.10.  Many of Libe ria's trade and investment -related laws were promulgated at the time of its 
accession to the WTO. Liberia has ratified the TFA in 2021 and has implemented approximately 
68.5% of its TFA commitments, which are expected to be fully implemented by February  2025. 
It has made substantial commitments under the GATS, having scheduled open and 
non-discriminatory regimes for a range of services. Liberia has also introduced reforms to its fisheries 
management regime to fight against IUU and is in the process of ratif ying the Fisheries Agreement. 
In addition, Liberia has moved to an automatic import licensing regime; adopted a new Food Law 
in 2017, which provides for the establishment of an independent Food Safety Authority. Importantly, 
in 2022, the National Standards  Act establishing the Standards Authority entered into force.  
3.11.  Regionally, Liberia is a member of two regional economic blocks, the Mano River Union (MRU), 
and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). It has also signed the AfCFTA 
Agreement b ut is yet to ratify it; however, it is developing a National AfCFTA Strategy to gear itself 
to take advantage of a market of 1.3  billion  people with a combined GDP of USD  3.4 trillion.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  Key policy reforms  
3.12.  Government introduced a series of plans, strategies,  policies and legislations to enhance its 
business environment and investment climate  - (i) a National Trade Policy to promote inclusive 
growth through trade competitiveness; (ii)  a flagship five -year national development plan under the 
Vision  2030 Framewo rk; (iii)  strong  fiscal and monetary policies and reforms which assisted to 
maintain a single digit inflation, and ensure exchange rate stability and resilience of the economy; 
(iv) a governance framework to strengthen anti -money laundering/combat the fina ncing of 
terrorism.  
Challenges  
3.13.  Liberia appreciates the need to ensure the achievement of national goals through the 
establishment and enforcement of standards and has made efforts in this regard to develop the 
requisite capacity, including in reforming its  TBT regime. However, the country is facing challenges 
in developing and implementing TBT and SPS measures due to a number of challenges, including 
funding.  
3.14.  In relation to IP, the country lacks both technical and financial capacity to address IPR 
infringem ents, and to promote national awareness and consciousness of IP protection to enhance 
its export potential and achieve its objectives of moving towards a knowledge economy.  
Fisheries  
3.15.  The Liberian fisheries sector has significant development potential but i s facing numerous 
challenges in the areas of infrastructure, input supply, export capacity, and fisheries management, 
including Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. It will be important to ensure that the 
Fisheries Agreement disciplines being  negotiated take into account the challenges of developing 
countries, including LDCs and provides sufficient policy space to enable these countries to reach 
their development potential. The WTO Fisheries Fund must also provide requisite support to 
countrie s such as Liberia to reach their potential.  
Concerns by Members  
3.16.  Concerns raised by Members include measures that are implemented that affect exports and 
whether there are plans to reduce the scope of these. In relation to fisheries, some Members are 
intere sted to know the measures implemented against IUU  fishing. Others have raised concerns 
regarding conditions imposed on foreign investment in the cement industry.  
Conclusion  
3.17.  In conclusion, the polycrisis  is exposing the deepening gaps of the economic vulnerability of 
developing countries and LDCs which underscore the importance of a well -functioning rules -based 
trading system and the role it can play in enhancing economic resilience and post -pandemic 
recovery. This emphasi zes the need for a trade agenda that supports development.  
3.18.  Lastly, I congratulate the Republic of Liberia on its Trade Policy Review and wish to convey 
my best wishes to its esteemed delegation for a successful Review.  I look forward to our exchanges . 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
CANADA  
4.1.  Canada joins other WTO Members in welcoming the members of the delegation from Liberia 
led by the Minister  of Commerce  and Industry , the Hono urable  Mawine  G. Diggs . We are pleased to 
participate in this first Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Liberia. We thank the Government of Liberia and 
the Secretariat for their high -quality reports, as well as the discussant, m y friend H.E.  Ms Xolelwa 
Mlumbi -Peter, for her remarks.  
4.2.  Liberia is a country with strong potential and a country that has made positive strides in recent 
years to improve its economic prospects. For example, Liberia 's recent efforts to simplify customs 
procedures and reduce the time and cost of doing business constitute significant achievements. 
Canada takes good note of Liberia 's national export strategy, which is aimed at promoting inclusive 
growth through trade competitiveness and increased participation  in global trade.  
4.3.  Furthermore, Liberia has made investments in transportation networks to improve its trade 
infrastructure and has also taken steps to improve its trade -related institutions, such as its customs 
and trade promotion agencies. While these are significant achievements, we know that challenges 
remain. Canada encourages Liberia to continue efforts to fully implement its main trade - and 
investment -related laws and to avail itself of all assistance that is available to it for trade assista nce 
at the WTO.  
4.4.  Liberia's engagement at the WTO has been positive. Canada welcomes Liberia 's recent payment 
of its contributions to the WTO budget, as well as Liberia 's participation in Investment Facilitation 
for Development discussions. We encourage Libe ria to join the joint initiatives on electronic 
commerce and on services domestic regulation, as well as to participate in the Informal Working 
Group on Micro, Small and Medium -size Enterprises . Canada also would like to invite Liberia to join 
the Buenos  Aires Declaration on Trade and Women 's Economic Empowerment.  
4.5.  Canada calls on Liberia to address its outstanding notifications, understanding the challenges 
that small delegations face in this regard. As was discussed in a recent Market Access Committee 
workshop, the TPR reports are a rich source of information that can be repurposed to support 
fulfilment  of notification obligations. We encourage Liberia again to work with the Secretariat in this 
regard.  
4.6.  In conclusion, we commend Liberia for its productive ef forts during a very challenging period. 
We have submitted questions on some of the themes I have touched upon and on a few other issues. 
We thank Liberia for its responses, which we will carefully review. We look forward to continuing to 
work with Liberia to strengthen the WTO and the multilateral trading system and offer best wishes 
to the delegation for a very productive Trade Policy Review.  
SINGAPORE  
4.7.  The Singapore delegation warmly welcomes Liberia 's Minister of Commerce and Industry, 
the Honourable Mawi ne G. Diggs  and her delegation to Geneva. We would like to first congratulate 
Liberia, as the 163rd Member of the WTO for embarking on its first -ever TPR, and express our 
appreciation to Liberia for the comprehensive Government Report and statement, which underlines 
its commitment to the trade policy review process. We also thank the Chair, Ambassador 
Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel , the discussant, Ambass ador Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, and the Secretariat, 
for their insightful perspectives. Allow me to make three points.  
4.8.  First, we commend the Liberian Government's commitment to pursue regional trade integration 
and liberali zation, particularly  through the African Continental Free Trade Are a (AfCFTA) and the 
Economic Community of West African States  (ECOWAS). Of note, Liberia has implemented the 
ECOWAS Common External Tariffs since 2017, adopted the common ECOWAS passport, waived visa 
and residency permit require ments for all ECOWAS citizens for 90 -day stays, and is fully 
implementing Article  5 of the ECOWAS Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons, Residence and 
Establishment. We also commend Liberia's broad -based developmental efforts, including its Pro-Poor 
Agenda for Prosperity and Development (PAPD)  to promote inclusive growth and its ambitious plans WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  to improve its infrastructure and utility reliability, which will enhance Liberia's attraction as a 
destina tion for foreign direct investment.  
4.9.  Second, Singapore looks forward to increasing and diversifying our trade and investment ties 
with Liberia. Liberia  is Singapore's largest trading partner in the Sub -Saharan African region in 2022, 
with a total bilateral trade in goods of USD 7.7 billion, which represents a 70% year -on-year growth.  
Singapore sees further opportunities for continued growth, and we  welcome Liberia's efforts to 
diversify its economy, including in sectors that are of interest to Singapore, lik e agribusiness, 
infrastructure, manufacturing, and mining. In this regard, we have submitted questions relating to 
Liberia's Special Economic Zones and National Strategy in the implementation of the African 
Continental Free Trade Area  (AfCFTA), and we thank Liberia for its tim ely responses.  
4.10.  Third,  Singapore and Liberia share a common commitment to strengthening and upholding 
the rules -based multilateral trading system as embodied by the WTO. Sin ce 2016, Singapore has 
provided training through the Singapore Cooperation Programme  (SCP) to build -up the capacity of 
Liberian trade officials since its accession to the WTO. We also commend Liberia's participation of 
the Joint Statement Initiative on Investment F acilitation for Development , and the Joint Ministerial 
Declaration on the Advancement of Gender Equality and Women's Economic Empowerment within 
Trade.  We would also like to encourage Liberia to join the Joint Statement Initiatives on Services 
Domestic Reg ulation and E -Commerce, which will support and facilitate Liberia's structural and 
economic reforms. Likewise, we encourage Liberia to consider joining the Information Technology 
Agreement  (ITA), which will strengthen Liberia digital transformation efforts . 
4.11.  In closing, I would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions that the Liberian Mission 
has made to the WTO . We wish Liberia a successful inaugural Trade Policy Review.  
CHINA  
4.12.  China welcomes the delegation of Liberia led by H.E.  Minister Mawine  G. Diggs for their first 
Trade Policy Review today. We also express appreciation to the WTO Secretariat and to Liberia for 
the reports prepared, as well as to the discussant, Ambassador Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, for the 
excellent framing of the issues for our discussion today.  
4.13.  On behalf of China, let me first commend Liberia 's diligent efforts  in implementing their social 
economic strategy since its accession to the multilateral trad ing system in 2016, while facing many 
challenges arising from Ebola  epidemic , COVID -19 pandemic  and other international economic 
shocks.  These efforts include Liberia 's government flagship development plan, Pro -Poor Agenda for 
Prosperity and Development (PAPD) ，the "CSLG interconnected line " to address the challenge of 
steady electric ity supply ，affordability and accessibility ，supporting the multilateral trading system ，
as well as their regional integration commitments in African Continental Free Trade Agreement 
(AfCFTA) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).  
4.14.  We are ple ased to note that in 2021 the Liberian  economy rebounded  robustly , with GDP 
growth  reached  5% compared with that of the negative growth in the previous year, as well as 
reining the annual average inflation to a single digit  in 2021  in the midst  of high glo bal fuel and food 
prices . It is also encouraging to know that the budgetary situation has been under control and its 
public debt is  deemed sustainable by  the IMF. China firmly believes that those positive economic 
performances will sustain to help Liberia achieve its objective of reducing absolute poverty and other 
social and economic development goals.  
4.15.  China appreciates Liberia 's commitment to the rule s-based multilateral trading system and its 
substantive contribution to the WTO. We note that Libe ria accepted the WTO Agreement on Trade 
Facilitation (TFA) in April  2021, and actively participated in the MC12, joined collective efforts to 
make it a success, including to achieve an outcome on fisheries subsidies at MC12 and other relevant 
outcomes. In particular, we highly commend Liberia 's participation in the negotiation of the Joint 
Statement Initiative on Investment Facilitation for Development . As one of the earliest LDC 
co-sponsors and  members of FIFD, Liberia demonstrates its strong support to th e multilateral trading 
system and its commitment to the liberalization of international trade and investment. We hope that 
such an agreement, aiming at  promot ing a transparent investment environment and simplif ying 
administrative procedures will lead to an  increase in foreign investment in Liberia .  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.16.  In recent years, with the joint efforts of both sides, bilateral relations  between China and 
Liberia  have gained  a good momentum of development and practical cooperation has been steadily 
advanced  including the bilateral economic and trade cooperation.  In 2022, the bilateral trade volume 
increased by 32% year on year.  
4.17.  Looking forward, China believes that the economic and trade cooperation between both 
countries enjoys a broad prospect as we complement each other' s advantages in industrialization, 
infrastructure, agricultural modernization, green development. We are looking forward to deepening 
these ties through various bilateral and multilateral initiatives, we welcome Liberia 's actively 
participation in China International Import Expo to further expand exports to China .  
4.18.  We would also like to use this opportunity to raise some concerns on Liberia' s trade and 
investment environment  and relevant policies, such as public security, widely application of the 
import restrictive measures , licences on all exports  as well as other administrative regulations  and 
measures , which have hindered Liberia 's own economic development and have impaired others 
interests as well. We also note as stressed in Secretariat's Report that implementing regulations on 
many Liberia's trade and investmen t related laws remain pending though they have been established 
at the time of Liberia's accession to the WTO.  
4.19.  We are also concerned that there are many required notifications of Liberia  have been overdue, 
including those on agriculture, import licensing procedures, pre -shipment inspection, and customs 
valuation. We encourage Liberia to seek the necessary technical assistance from the WTO Secretariat 
to complete all of its required notifications.  
4.20.  We have submitted written questions in this revie w, and look  forward to Liberia's responses.  
4.21.  In closing, China wishes the delegation of Liberia a success in this Trade Policy Review.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.22.  We would like to warmly welcome Minister Mawine  G. Diggs and the Liberian delegation , and 
compliment the Government of Liberia on its Report for its first Trade Policy Review.  
4.23.  I would like to take this opportunity to celebrate Liberia's recent 175th anniversary of the 
founding of the Republic of Liberia. Our shared history with Liberia dates b ack to the early days of 
our own country. The fact that Liberia's constitution is modelled  after our own, that many Liberians 
have relatives in the United  States, and that 10 of Liberia's 25 presidents were born in the 
United  States, further underscores th e close, historic ties between our two countries.  
4.24.  The U.S. Government recognizes the challenges Liberia has faced over the past few years as 
the country encountered economic shocks from a civil war, Ebola, the C OVID -19 pandemic and 
global inflation. To hel p mitigate some of these challenges, the United  States has become one of the 
largest bilateral donors to Liberia, with over USD 5 billion in foreign assistance since 2003. Liberia 
has also benefited from our non -reciprocal trade preference programs, the Un ited States Generalized 
System of Preferences (GSP) and the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).  
4.25.  We appreciate hearing directly from you today on how the Liberian Government is approaching 
economic and trade development. As both the Secretariat and G overnment Reports note, Liberia is 
rich in human and natural resources and endowed with an emerging tourism sector. With this 
economic potential, the United  States believes that there remains room for improvement in regards 
to Liberia's approach to WTO imp lementation in order to more fully benefit from a rules -based 
multilateral trading system.  
4.26.  We understand Liberia has not yet submitted many notifications called for in various WTO 
Agreement commitments. Liberia has outstanding notifications on agricultural  domestic support, 
technical barriers to trade, import licensing procedures, and customs valuation . We are eager to 
learn more about the challenges that have so far prevented Liberia from making requisite 
notifications. We would welcome your engagement in the Friends of Transparency group here, it is 
a large group of Members working to improve technical assistance for notifications.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.27.  On other issues, the United  States is concerned with the potential significant increase in tariffs 
on most products, particula rly agricultural products, as Liberia migrates to the Economic Community 
of West African States (ECOWAS) Common External Tariff (CET) by 2028. Increasing tariffs often 
leads to increased prices and reduced supplies of goods available, which might affect Li beria's export 
revenues and domestic food security.  
4.28.  With regards to intellectual property rights, the United  States commends Liberia for its work 
to join international treaties. We encourage Liberia to also join the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) 
and the WIPO  Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) as these treaties include important 
substantive obligations for modern copyright legislation.  
4.29.  Although intellectual property rights were not discussed in Liberia's Government Report, the 
United  States is intereste d in learning more about the 2016 IPR law, its management and 
enforcement through Liberia's Intellectual Property Office (LIPO) and other government agencies, 
as well as ongoing challenges with IP infringement, including physical and digital copyright pira cy. 
We appreciate the comments you have provided this morning regarding IP efforts underway.  
4.30.  Thank you for the comments regarding implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement. 
The United  States encourages Liberia to become more active in the WTO Committee on Trade 
Facilitation and to share its national experiences as part of its ongoing efforts to build national 
capacity among its technical agencies. We invite Liberia to make its technical assistance needs 
known to the Trade Facilitation Committee  to ensure donors are fully aware of its needs. The 
United  States  would welcome Liberia's participation in ongoing initiatives, particularly in the area of 
strengthening resiliency and preparedness through trade facilitation.  
4.31.  We welcome the update you have  provided on your efforts to ratify the fisheries subsidies 
agreement. We also welcome deeper engagement from your delegation in development related 
conversations here in Geneva. There are valuable lessons for others in learning more about how 
your governm ent is working to balance trade policy, fiscal policy , and social policy. We are interested 
in deeper engagement on the Pro -Poor Agenda for Prosperity and Development. We note that in the 
Government's Report Libera seeks to use the WTO platform as a cataly st to fully deliver on the 
aspirations of its national development agenda. The United  States stands ready to support your 
efforts. A key pillar of our reform objectives at the WTO is to anchor development discussions on 
Members' national development plans.  
4.32.  In closing, we look forward to continued work with Liberia, both bilaterally and within the 
WTO. I would like to emphasize that Liberia is a close partner and friend of the United  States. The 
United  States greatly appreciates the opportunity to participat e in this review of Liberia's trade policy 
regime and looks forward to continuing our dialogue with your Government.  
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.33.  I would like to warmly welcome Liberia's delegation, led by Minister Mawine  G. Diggs , and 
congratulate them on their inaugur al Trade Policy Review. I would also like to thank you, Chair, the 
Secretariat and our distinguished discussant Ms  Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, for facilitating this review.  
4.34.  In 2016, Liberia acceded to the WTO becoming the WTO family's 163rd Member after 
nearly  10 years of accession negotiations. This is no mean feat and through Liberia's presence in 
the multilateral sphere, the UK and others here benefited from the insights Liberia has offered us 
since acceding.  
4.35.  For example, Liberia has been helping other  African countries to support their own accessions, 
through  co-chairing the g7+ WTO Accessions Group alongside Timor  Leste . 
4.36.  Outside of accessions, the UK values Liberia's participation in the Investment Facilitation for 
Development  Joint Initiative. I shou ld also like to encourage Liberia to start the ratification process 
for the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, so that Members can stand united on this front ahead of 
MC13.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.37.  Let me also praise the ambitious African Continental Free Trade Area ( AfCFTA), and urge  
Liberia to ratify the agreement, as the UK sees this as a positive step towards economic integration 
and growth for both the country and the continent.  
4.38.  To further help Liberia integrate into the regional and global economy, we are pleased that 
the UK's De veloping Country Trading Scheme will offer Liberia opportunities for easier exports to 
the UK. Liberia will continue to benefit from duty free trade on everything but arms with the UK and 
will also benefit from more generous rules of origin, which I hope w ill promote greater global trade.  
4.39.  Liberia is a constructive regional partner for the UK, and being an LDC economy, the UK notes 
Liberia also faces issues surrounding a vulnerable private sector. I am happy to say that the UK had 
the pleasure of hosting Lib erian delegates from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry during their 
visit to London in early March, where we were able to discuss strengthening the Liberian private 
sector, in particular MSMEs and the middle economy.  
4.40.  I would like to note some of the th emes in our advance written questions, as I believe they 
will point to areas in which we can fortify our trading relationship. These include tackling restrictions 
on international investors, clarifications on Liberia's intellectual property rights regime a nd boosting 
services trade.  
4.41.  In particular, trade in services has faced a contraction from USD 93 million in 2016 to 
USD 4.4 million, when it was last recorded in 2021; this alongside the high cost of doing business 
has created a significant gap in trading opportunities for UK and Liberian businesses. We are keen 
to work towards strengthening trade in services between our countries and I am pleased that the 
UK already extends preferential treatment to Liberia as an LDC economy, by virtue of the WTO LDC 
Services Waiver.  
4.42.  It is well known Liberia is a lush, green, and vibrant land, and two thirds of Liberia is under 
forest cover,  which acts as an important carbon sink. I would like, therefore, to emphasise the 
importance of Liberia strengthening its forestry governance to tackle illegal logging and enhance its 
sustainable trade in timber. Working towards the ambition of properly managed forestry, Liberia 
could improve it s potential as  a recipient of UK International Climate Finance.  
4.43.  I would like to thank Liberia for the preparations that have gone into their first Trade Policy 
Review and for its commitments to this Organization. I hope that Liberia's momentum for growth 
and prosperity will continue to develop,  and I wish them a very successful first Review.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.44.  On behalf of the European  Union, I would like to welcome the delegation of the Republic of 
Liberia to the first Trade Policy Review since joining the WTO in 2016. Welcome Minister 
Mawine  G. Diggs, and thanks to the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Liberia for the 
respective reports. We thank also H .E. Ambassador Mlumbi -Peter, for her role as discussant.  
4.45.  We are  pleased to see that the Government of Liberia is implementing reforms that have 
fuelled a GDP growth of 5% in 2021, mainly on the back of a solid performance of the mining and 
manufacturing sectors. Liberia has succeeded in maintaining a moderate inflatio n rate despite 
external shocks and domestic challenges. The Government 's flagship development plan, the Pro -Poor 
Agenda for Prosperity and Development (PAPD), developed in 2018, sets out development goals 
with an overarching objective to reduce absolute po verty by 23% over five years. We welcome 
further information about the Government 's strategy for the PAPDs review and possible replacement 
or continuation in 2023.  
4.46.  The European  Union recogni zes the particular developmental challenges of Liberia typically 
associated with least developed countries. The EU and its member States provide significant 
technical assistance with the explicit aim of assisting Liberia in meeting these challenges. We woul d 
like to acknowledge the significant upward potential of a country endowed with many natural 
resources on land and in its exclusive zone, but at the same time facing significant challenges such 
as one of the highest deforestation rates in the world of 2% annually. In this and other regards, the 
European  Union highlights the importance of developing a solid regulatory framework that is 
pro-business, stable and transparent, and that avoids informal channels.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.47.  The European  Union welcomes the active role of Lib eria in the WTO and its support for the 
multilateral trading system since its accession in 2016. We thank Liberia for the recent payment of 
the WTO Membership dues. We encourage Liberia to remain an active Member and to develop and 
implement domestic polic ies that are consistent with its commitment to rules -based trade. Liberia is 
a member of various groups in the WTO, including the African Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Group of 
States, G -90, African Group, and Least Developed Countries. We welcome your active pa rticipation 
in these Groups.  
4.48.  The European  Union welcomes Liberia 's participation in the Joint Statement Initiative on 
Investment Facilitation for Development and in the Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender. 
We take this opportunity to encourage Libe ria to also join the JSIs on E-Commerce and Services 
Domestic Regulation, as well as the ongoing three environmental initiatives (the Trade and 
Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions, the Informal Dialogue on Plastics Pollution and 
Sustainable  Plastics Trade, and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform) and the work on MSMEs. Moreover, we 
would encourage Liberia to join the Multi -Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA).  
4.49.  The European  Union appreciates Liberia 's efforts in promoting regional integ ration in 
West Africa, including Liberia 's decision back in 2014 to sign the EU -West Africa Economic 
Partnership Agreement. This is an important step to help the country participate in regional and 
global value chains and attract investment. We encourage L iberia to continue promoting an open 
and predictable business environment to attract further investment.  
4.50.  Despite positive aspects, the European  Union would like to raise a number of issues regarding 
Liberia 's trade and investment policies.  
4.51.  First, the Euro pean Union notes from the Secretariat Report that Liberia could do more to 
improve its institutional setting and to enact policies that can help to certify products originating in 
Liberia. Current shortfalls in this area deter your businesses from acceding  export markets, including 
the European  Union under the EBA regime or the ECOWAS market, which is currently marginal.  
4.52.  Second, while the European  Union recogni zes the significant reforms of the Liberian forestry 
regime in terms of transparency and accountab ility, we are concerned about the extent to which the 
Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) is enabling Liberia to meet European  Union requirements 
for control, verification, and licensing of timber products.  
4.53.  Third, while the European  Union acknowledges th e efforts of Liberia in reforming its fisheries 
management regime, we reiterate our concern about the sustainability of the fishery sector, and the 
extent to which the implementation of the National Plan of Action to combat IUU (illegal, unreported, 
and un regulated) fishing is giving positive results. This goes in line with the concern on Liberia 's 
effective commitment to implement the FAO Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA).  
4.54.  Fourth, while the European  Union recogni zes the efforts and steps to improve transparency 
and accountability in the mining sector, we continue highlighting that unlicensed and illegal mining 
in the artisanal mining sector remains a key challenge that should be addressed without delay.  
4.55.  Fifth, according to Secretariat Report,  Liberia has made multiple notifications to the WTO but 
has outstanding notifications in a number of areas, including agricultural domestic support and 
export subsidies, import licensing procedures and quantitative restrictions, customs valuation, 
subsidie s and countervailing measures, state trading enterprises, anti -dumping actions, and GATS. 
The European  Union invites Liberia to submit these outstanding notifications.  
4.56.  Last but not the least, the European  Union notes that Liberia 's ratification of the Afr ican 
Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is outstanding. We would encourage Liberia to ratify the 
AfCFTA expeditiously, along with other measures to facilitate regional and international trade. They  
will bring tangible benefits to the national economy.  
4.57.  Liberia is a valued trading partner of the European  Union, and we look forward to working 
with you in the lead -up to the upcoming 13th Ministerial Conference in 2024 in Abu  Dhabi.  
4.58.  We thank Liberia for the replies to our questions and concerns and we will con tinue to review 
the responses carefully.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.59.  On behalf of the European  Union, we wish Liberia a very successful and productive first Trade 
Policy Review.  
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC  
4.60.  The delegation of the Dominican  Republic welcomes the presentation of the Report by th e 
Minister of Commerce of Liberia, H.E.  Ms Mawine  G. Diggs, and extends a warm welcome to the 
delegation of Liberia here with us. We also wish to thank Ambassador Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, the 
Permanent Representative of South  Africa to the Organization, for h er presentation.  
4.61.  The Dominican  Republic and the Republic of Liberia participate in cooperation and solidarity 
as members of various groups within the WTO, including the Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific 
States (ACP Group) and the G -90. 
4.62.  The Reports sh ow how our sister country, the Republic of Liberia, like the vast majority of the 
Member States of our Organization, was hit very hard by the COVID -19 pandemic. The country has 
also been impacted by the epidemic caused by the Ebola virus and 14  years of ci vil war.  
4.63.  Our delegation takes a very positive view of how, since joining the WTO, Liberia has remained 
committed to the multilateral rules -based trading system and to ensuring a level playing field for 
the least developed countries (LDCs).  
4.64.  Since the end of  the civil war, Liberia's economy has expanded rapidly, with annual growth 
averaging 7% between 2004 and 2014. Regrettably however, economic performance deteriorated 
with GDP growth averaging about 0.3% per year during 2016 -21. Nonetheless we welcome the f act 
that reforms implemented by the Government of Liberia led to a spark in GDP annual growth 
percentage to 5% in 2021 compared to a negative figure in 2020.  
4.65.  We note that Liberia's economy is based on natural resources, chiefly iron ore, gold, natural 
rubber, timber , and diamonds, that the country has a generally open foreign investment regime and 
has the world's second -largest shipping registry after Panama.  
4.66.  Additionally, we note with interest how the Pro -Poor Agenda for Prosperity and Development 
(PAPD)  in Liberia sets out many developmental goals with an overarching objective to reduce 
absolute poverty by 23% over five years.  
4.67.  Our delegation submitted the question regarding the source that Members can use to access 
to the Law establishing the Liberia St andards Authority. We thank Liberia in advance for its reply to 
our concern, which the authorities in our capital will analyse in detail.  
4.68.  To conclude, we would like to take this opportunity to reiterate our thanks to the Republic of 
Liberia and wish the co untry a successful Trade Policy Review.  
CAMEROON ON BEHALF OF THE AFRICAN GROUP  
4.69.  I am delivering th is statement on behalf of the African  Group . The African Group is pleased to 
participate in this first Trade Policy Review of Liberia, our sister countr y. We warmly welcome the 
Honourable  Minister  Mawine  G. Diggs , Minister of Commerce and Industry of Liberia and her entire 
delegation , and we thank the Minister for her comprehensive introductory statement on the state of 
Liberia's economy . We also thank H.E. Ms Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, the discussant for this review, for 
her insightful comment s and observation s. 
4.70.  Based on the affirmation contained in the two Trade Policy Review reports, we wish to make 
the following five key observations and comments . 
4.71.  First, we not e with satisfaction that as one of the recently acce ded Members of the WTO, the 
Government of Liberia has introduced and implemented sound macroeconomic policies which have 
translated into a more conducive trade and investment environment  and enable the country to 
maintain relatively stable growth, despite certain structural challenges, external shocks , and public 
health  pandemic s. In fact, while the world continue s to face challenging global econom ic realities 
post-COVID , Liberia recorded a spark in GDP annual growth  percentage  to 5% in 2021 down from WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  negative i n 2020.  In addition, the Government of Liberia was able to contain the inflation for the 
past years . 
4.72.  Moreover, t he Secretariat Report notes that, and I quote, "the  budgetary situation has been 
under control with Liberia  even having recorded fiscal surpluse s in recent years ", these efforts and 
other policies which have been implemented towards the achievement of domestic policy stability in 
Liberia are truly applaudable.  
4.73.  Second, the African  Group has noted that Liberia's import s and export s composition have 
largely remained the same with rubber , iron  ore, and mineral s at major exports.  While rice, 
petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment are the m ajor import s. The issue of 
commodities dependency is common to many African countri es and this has negatively affected 
economic growth and balance of payment s across the continent, also Liberia is a net importer of 
food and it relies entirely on import ing petroleum products, as the global prices for fuel a food 
continue to rise, this sit uation is a wake -up call to all of us for urgent need for industrialization and 
structural transformation of Africa.  
4.74.  In this regard, we commend the Government of Lib eria flagship development plan call ed the 
Pro-Poor Agenda for Prosperity and Development (P APD) 2018 -2023 and Small Business Pro -Poor 
Development Fund (SBPDF) . In line with the African  Union's Agenda  2063 "The Africa We Want" , 
development program mes are fundamental in achieving sustainable economic recovery and growth, 
poverty reduction , and overall development goals of Liberia . 
4.75.  Third, the Government  Report emphasizes that  the multilateral trading system continues to 
be a priority for Liberia and that well -functioning multilateral trade rules are essential for structural  
transformation th at supports private sector development and export -oriented initiative s as key 
component for post -conflict  development . We wish to assure the Minister that we share these 
objectives which are in line with the Africa n Group's vision for WTO Reform to rebalan ce trade r ules 
in support of Africa 's industrialization . This vision is reflected in our paper on Policy Space for 
Industrial Development  which we presented to the WTO's General  Council  in March . 
4.76.  Fourth , the sustainability of fishery is becoming increasing ly urgent for nations  around the 
world, especially for Africa . We note with concern that illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing  
(IUU) currently cost s Africa  as much as USD 2.3 billion in economy losses each year . We are pleased 
to note that the fisheries sector in Liberia has made some strides , and it plays a major role in 
providing livelihoods  for the people and contributes to food security, nutritional needs , and poverty 
reduction.  
4.77.  The WTO Secretariat Report  informs us that agricu lture, forestry , and fishery are the backbone 
of the Liberian  economy, all accounting for about 30% of Liberia GDP . However, the WTO Secretariat 
also reports that despite its vast fishery resources, Liberia remains a net importer of fish and fish 
products . The new WTO Fisheries A greement prohibits certain subsidies with the most harmful effect 
on the sustainability of fishery, namely those to illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing,  
those concerning overfished  stocks , and those for fishing on the unregulated high seas . Towards this 
end, we are pleased that the Government of Liberia has taken steps to reform its fisheries 
management regime with a priority to fight against the IUU fishing , in addition to successful  
completion of the second wave of ne gotiation s on the Fisheries  Subsidies Agreement , which curbs 
on subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, while accommodating the needs of 
small -scale and artisanal fishers  remains a priority for the Africa n Group. 
4.78.   Lastly,  the Africa n Group note s with satisfaction that Liberia is an important player in regional 
trade policy as well as in the multilateral trading system . We use this opportunity to encourage the 
Government of Liberia to deposit its instruments of ratification  of the African Continental Free Trade 
Area (A fCFTA) to the African  Union Secreta riat Commission.  
4.79.  I take this opportunity to wish the delegation of Liberia a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
SIERRA  LEONE  
4.80.  Sierra  Leone is honoured to participate in the f irst Trade Policy Review of Liberia. My 
delegation would like to extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Liberia led by Honourable WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  Minister Mawine  G. Diggs , and Permanent Representative Mr Paul Tate. We would also like to thank 
the Secretariat for the comprehensive Report prepared as well as the Report by the Government of 
Liberia. Our thanks also to the Ambassador of South  Africa, the discussant, for her very helpful 
comments.  
4.81.  Sierra  Leone welcomes the actions taken by the Governmen t of Liberia to mitigate the 
negative economic and social impacts of external shocks, two pandemics and other domestic 
challenges during the review period. These measures included the Government's flagship 
development plan that led to the adoption of stron g fiscal reforms and innovative monetary policies 
that helped reduce inflation, providing significant relief for ordinary citizens. The remarkable increase 
in tax revenue over the past few years is particularly commendable.  
4.82.  Liberia and Sierra  Leone are sis ter countries sharing deep commonalities, including strong 
historical, economic, political , and cultural ties. Our trade relations have been particularly robust, to 
the point of it being, in important respects, beyond strict regulations. We are both foundi ng members 
of the Mano River Union (MRU), which, established in 1973, is the first Free Trade Agreement in our 
sub-region. Guinea and Côte  d'Ivoire are also members. Our borders are open and free. The Mano 
River Union seeks to remove all impediments to fre e trade and has helped streamline the movement 
of goods and services between its member States. Additionally, our countries are members of 
ECOWAS, applying the same common external tariff (ECOWAS CET).  
4.83.  We have forged a successful cooperation in expanding our energy infrastructure through the 
CSLG Interconnected Line, which is a partnership involving all four Mao River States - Liberia, 
Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra  Leone , and Guinea.  
4.84.  Finally,  Sierra  Leone would like to thank Liberia for the current development of  its trade 
regimes and upholding the continuous and longstanding bilateral relationships between our 
countries. In the spirit of constructive engagement, we would like to encourage Liberia to further 
improve its effort in the areas of digitalization and pr ovide greater incentives to attract more direct 
foreign investments.  
4.85.  In conclusion, Sierra  Leone  fully appreciates Liberia's active engagement in the WTO and its 
continued support for the multilateral trading system. Liberia richly deserves every success in this 
Trade Policy Review.  
JAPAN  
4.86.  Japan welcomes the distinguished delegation of Liberia, headed by  the Minister of Commerce 
and Industry, the Honourable  Mrs Mawine  G. Diggs. Japan also expresses its appreciation to the 
Government of Liberia and to the WTO Secretariat for their respective reports produced for this 
review, as well as to the discussant, H.E. Ms  Xolelwa Mlumbi -Peter, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of So uth Africa to the WTO, for her insightful illustrations.  
4.87.   First and foremost, we commend Liberia 's efforts as a Member of the WTO to integrate into 
the multilateral trading system since its accession to the WTO in 2016. The Report prepared by 
Liberia compr ehensively enumerates domestic policies, and we commend its efforts in preparing the 
Report.  We congratulate Liberia for holding its first TPR during the review period, amidst the various 
difficulties faced during this period, including issues such as the COVID -19 pandemic.  
4.88.  Starting with a general observation, at TICAD8 held in Africa last year, Japan made "achieving 
structural transformation for sustainable economic growth and development" one of the pillars of its 
support for Africa. In this context, the meeting reaffirmed the commitment to maintain and 
strengthen the multilateral trading system with the WTO as its core, which is transparent, fair, 
inclusive, and rules -based. We hope that the TPR of Liberia will help to enhance the transparency of 
the coun try's trade policy and strengthen the multilateral trading system through discussions among 
the Members concerned.  
4.89.  Taking this opportunity, I would like to touch upon several specific issues on the trade policies 
of Liberia.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.90.  First, regarding our economic relationship including technical assistance to Liberia . We would 
like to recall that between 1990 and 2006, when Liberia 's civil war intensified, Japan continued to 
provide emergency and humanitarian assistance through international organizations and NGOs. 
In 2007, bilateral economic cooperation was also resumed, and assistance has been provided mainly 
in the areas of human resource development, economic and social infrastructure development, 
health, and food security, thereby maintaining and devel oping good bilateral relations. The so -called 
"Japan Freeway ", completed in 2021, is one of the symbols of the friendly relations between Japan 
and Liberia.  
4.91.  In the fisheries sector, we have been providing material assistance such as the maintenance 
of fisheries -related equipment, and we will continue to provide comprehensive support, including 
support programs such as training for fisheries administration officials.  
4.92.  Japan will continue its efforts to strengthen economic ties with Liberia.  
4.93.  Second, we would like to refer to the initiatives on regional economic integration such as 
AfCFTA. In the Tunis Declaration adopted at TICAD8, Japan welcomes African -led initiatives on 
regional economic integration, including the tentative launch of trade in the African Co ntinental Free 
Trade Area (AfCFTA). It also supports the realization of AfCFTA to ensure that it achieves its goal of 
contributing to Africa 's inclusive and sustainable economic development through trade. We hope 
that these initiatives will in turn contrib ute to the revitalization of the Liberian economy.  
4.94.  Last but not least, we would like to conclude our remarks by touching upon Liberia 's role in 
the WTO.  
4.95.  It is important for the WTO to maintain and strengthen a multilateral trading system through 
the proper implementation of its obligations by LDC Members, and we would like Liberia to take 
measures such as the notification obligations necessary for the impl ementation of WTO rules, despite 
the various difficulties faced. Under such circumstances, we appreciate Liberia 's participation in the 
Investment Facilitation Agreement (IFD). We would also like to encourage Liberia to participate in 
the JSIs on E-Commerc e, as well as on Services Domestic Regulation . 
4.96.  In closing, we wish the delegation of Liberia success in its first Trade Policy Review.  
KENYA ON BEHALF OF THE ACP GROUP  
4.97.  I deliver this statement on behalf of the ACP Group.  
4.98.  I join other delegates in conveying  a warm welcome to the delegation of Liberia led by the 
Honourable Mawine  G. Diggs, the  Minister for Commerce and Industry , to its first Trade Policy 
Review . We appreciate the uphill task that this first undertaking must have been and congratulate 
Liberia,  with the support of the WTO Secretariat, for seeing the process through. We also present 
our compliments to Ambassador  Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter for her signature deep -dive analysis as 
discussant.  
4.99.  I wish to commend Liberia, a member of the ACP Group, for its active participation at the 
WTO since its accession in 201 6. Liberia continues to demonstrate its commitment to the multilateral 
trading system. The country regards trade as indispensable for its economic development and has 
implemented several policie s that are in keeping with its WTO obligations.  
4.100.   We commend Liberia 's striking efforts to take care of its people and contribute positively to 
its economic growth. We note the signed partnership with the World  Bank under the Liberia 
Investment Trade Projec t (LIFT -P), a move by the Government to increase efficiency of trade 
throughout the country. This will create more job opportunities, and support economic growth in 
Liberia. The project will also increase access to capital for small businesses and enhance access to 
digital financial services for citizens. This agreement will support Liberia 's efforts to become an open, 
resilient , and diversified economy.  
4.101.   While recovering from disruptions caused by COVID -19, the Liberian Government has 
managed to shift the nation's GDP from negative to 5% growth in 2021. Despite being an LDC, 
Liberia 's economy has experienced considerable growth, bolstered by durable fiscal and monetary WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  strategies and reforms implemented to reduce the economic impact of the pandemic. Neverth eless, 
we note some of the challenges that Liberia continues to face, such as exposure to precariousness 
due to the historical variability in prices of its major export products, the adverse impact of 
pandemic, as well as the geopolitical tensions.  
4.102.   The Lib erian narrative is an illustration of the resilience of an LDC in the face of global and 
domestic shocks. The ACP Group lauds Liberia 's ability to capitalize on trade, which was equivalent 
to 72% of its GDP in 2021, to register growth driven by mining and quarrying as well as the 
manufacturing sectors during the pandemic. Notably, in 2021, a 17.6% growth rate was registered 
in the mining and quarrying sectors owing to the increase in international prices of Liberia's 
commodity exports. A 4.7% growth in the manufacturing sector was also recorded, induced by 
increased production in cement and beverages.  
4.103.   That Liberia has maintained a single -digit inflation rate on average in the face of external 
shocks, public health pandemics , and other domestic challenges is  also noteworthy. The 
implementation of strong fiscal and monetary policies and reforms saw Liberia contain inflation 
in 2021 with an annual average inflation decline to 7.9% down from 17.4% in 2020 and further 
declining to 6.5% as of July  2022.  
4.104.   Agricultur e, forestry, and fisheries remain integral to Liberia 's economy, collectively 
accounting for  about 40% of its GDP in 2021 . Liberia is a net food importer, a fact that is exacerbated 
by the high global food and fuel prices. On the other hand, whereas servic es contribute about 41% 
to Liberia's GDP, the country is largely a net importer of services. This is facilitated by Liberia 's open 
and non -discriminatory scheduling regimes for a range of service subsectors.  
4.105.   As an LDC, development is at the heart of Liber ia's national interventions. We salute the 
Government for launching the flagship development plan - the Pro -Poor Agenda for Prosperity and 
Development (PAPD) 2018 -2023, aiming to diminish absolute poverty by 23% within the five -year 
period by, among others , promoting exports to other ECOWAS countries.  
4.106.   The ACP Group further commends Liberia 's efforts to address the challenge of a steady, 
affordable and accessible electricity supply as a catalyst for economic development. Liberia is a net 
importer of electri city via the West African Power Pool (WAPP) of ECOWAS. The national grid is 
connected with Côte  d'Ivoire, Sierra  Leone, and Guinea through a new high -voltage transmission 
line (CLSG interconnection line) which Liberia has tapped into since December  2022.  
4.107.   Since Liberia 's acceptance of the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) in April  2021, 
it has implemented about 68.5% of its TFA commitments, which are expected to be fully 
implemented by February  2025. This is quite progressive and a demonstrat ion of Liberia 's 
commitment to fulfilling its obligations in the multilateral trading system.  
4.108.   We fully stand by Liberia in its emphasis on the need for WTO reform to consider the capacity 
constraints of LDCs, prioritize consensus -based decision -making and Special and Differential 
Treatment (SDT), and maintain development as the central focus of the global trading system.  
4.109.   Lastly, the ACP Group wishes Liberia every success in implementing initiatives that seek to 
improve its economy and calls upon WTO Members ' continued support.  
DJIBOUTI ON BEHALF OF THE LDC GROUP  
4.110.   On behalf of the LDC Group, I would like to extend a warm welcome to the delegation of the 
Republic of Liberia; we offer it our full support and wish it every success in pursuit of its work on 
this first Trade Policy Review.   
4.111.   Djibouti thanks the delegation of Liberia and the Secretariat of the WTO for preparing and 
presenting high -quality, detailed and useful reports. Our thanks go also to the Ambassador of 
South  Africa, H.E.  Ms Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, for presenting the Secretariat Report.  
4.112.   We have listened with interest to the presentation by Ms  Mawine  G. Diggs, Minister of Trade 
of Liberia, and would like to inform you of the following points.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.113.   Since its accession to the WTO in July  2016, Liberia has sh own its commitment to promoting 
the multilateral trading system. The road towards WTO accession was long and arduous and we 
would like to acknowledge the challenges Liberia faced throughout the negotiation process. The 
country has adopted and implemented p olicies in line with its WTO commitments, thus 
demonstrating its commitment to the multilateral trading system. Today some challenges remain in 
implementing and adjusting some of the WTO commitments.   
4.114.   The Government of Liberia has made significant efforts to transform the economic situation 
in a positive fashion, as reflected in a 5% rise in gross domestic product (GDP) for 2021. The growth 
can be largely attributed to the mining and quarrying sector and manufacturing. Rising internation al 
prices for Liberia's exports led to 17.6% growth in the mining and quarrying sector: gold and 
diamond volumes rose by 79% and 15% respectively, while iron ore grew by 3%. Inflation, which 
had been 17.4% in 2020, fell to 7.9% in 2021, and fell further, t o 6.5% in July  2022. The Liberian 
Government reforms led to these positive economic developments and helped the country to weather 
the challenges caused by the COVID -19 pandemic.  
4.115.   We would also commend the Government on establishing its flagship programme P ro-Poor 
Agenda for Prosperity and Development (PAPD) in 2018, the chief goal of which is to reduce absolute 
poverty by 23% over five years.   
4.116.    Over the years, the Liberian economy has demonstrated relatively good growth and 
resilience. This is clear from th e sound fiscal and monetary policies and reforms implemented to 
mitigate the public health impact on the economy, maintain single -digit inflation, and ensure 
exchange rate stability and resilience of the economy to any external shocks. However, Liberia is 
yet to address certain specific challenges. Liberia's commodity export prices have been volatile, 
exacerbating the country's economic difficulties over the years, and that is before taking account of 
the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic.  
4.117.   To conclude, the LD C Group wishes Liberia every success in implementing initiatives that 
seek to improve its economy and calls on all Members to continue to support Liberia in seizing 
opportunities, and to overcome the challenges ahead.  
COTE  D'IVOIRE  
4.118.   Côte d'Ivoire extends a fraternal welcome to the delegation of Liberia for its first Trade Policy 
Review since its accession to the WTO in July  2016.  
4.119.   We thank the Secretariat and Liberia for their reports, and the Ambassador of South  Africa 
in her capacity as discussant.  
4.120.   The Ivor ian delegation commends the Government of Liberia on the progress made in 
formulating and implementing its economic and sectoral policies.  
4.121.   As a result of the various reforms undertaken by the Liberian authorities the country recorded 
robust growth in GDP o f 5% in 2021.  
4.122.   Additionally, Côte  d'Ivoire would like to commend Liberia's resilience: despite the health 
shocks it has experienced, including the Ebola epidemic and the COVID -19 pandemic, it was able to 
find the strength required to withstand them and bounce back to perform as described in the reports 
presented to us.  
4.123.   On trade policy, Côte  d'Ivoire also appreciates Liberia's commitment to the multilateral 
trading system and its vision of a rules -based trading system that ensures access for all to the 
benefits of international trade.  
4.124.   My delegation also notes with satisfaction Liberia's actions to implement its multilateral WTO 
commitments, including its acceptance of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in April  2021, which it 
has implemented at 68.5%.  
4.125.   Similarly, my country remains persuaded that the efforts Liberia has made to implement 
regional integration instruments, including the Common External Tariff, the ECOWAS Trade WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  Liberalization Scheme and the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement, will hel p to 
strengthen bilateral economic and trade cooperation between Côte  d'Ivoire and Liberia, especially in 
view of the fact that several cross -border trade facilitation projects were recently implemented 
between our two countries thanks to the support of pa rtners under the Mano River Union.  
4.126.   Finally, Côte  d'Ivoire wishes Liberia every success in its TPR and would encourage it to take 
heed of the recommendations made with a view to strengthening its trade policy and accelerating 
its integration into internatio nal trade.  
SENEGAL 
4.127.   The delegation of Senegal endorses the declarations made on behalf of the African  Group, 
the ACP and LDCs by Cameroon, Kenya, and Djibouti respectively. Allow me to echo the previous 
speakers in welcoming the delegation of Liberia to Gen eva under the leadership of the Minister of 
Trade and Industry, H.E.  Ms Mawine  G. Diggs. We have taken note of the two reports in this TPR, 
one by the Secretariat of the WTO and one by the Government of Liberia, and Senegal thanks and 
commends H.E.  Ms Mlum bi-Peter, the Ambassador of South  Africa, for the quality of her remarks as 
discussant for this Trade Policy Review.  
4.128.   This first Trade Policy Review of Liberia is particularly important given the developments and 
other reforms the country has undertaken in the field of trade and trade -related policies. Senegal 
welcomes the progress Liberia has made in modernizing its regimes for sanitary and phytosanitary 
measures and technical barriers to trade, in this regard we would encourage Members, the 
Secretariat of the WTO and development partners to support Liberia in addressing the capacity 
constraints it faces in implementing the measures.  
4.129.   My delegation also commends the reforms introduced by Liberia in areas such as investment 
in the forestry regime and fisheries  management, including addressing illegal, unreported and 
unregulated (IUU) fishing.  
4.130.   In closing, my delegation would encourage Members and development partners to support 
Liberia in developing an information system that provides reliable, up -to-date trade data. We would 
also encourage the Secretariat of the WTO to provide further assistance to Liberia in respect of 
outstanding notifications.  
4.131.   Senegal wishes Liberia every success in its Trade Policy Review.  
BRAZIL  
4.132.   Brazil welcomes the delegation from Liberia, headed by H .E. Ms Mawine  G. Diggs, Minister 
of Commerce  and Industry , and extends its greetings to Mr  Paul Tate, Head of the Permanent Mission 
of Liberia to the WTO.  
4.133.   We would also like to express our appreciation to the  WTO Secretariat for its thorough and  
comprehensive  Report, as well as to you, Chair, and the discussant,  H.E. Ms Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, 
from South  Africa, for your contribution to a successful trade  monitoring exercise.  
4.134.   Brazil congratulates the Government of Liberia for  engaging in its first Trade Policy Review. 
We understand that these exercises contribute to enhancing transparency and predictability for trade  
stakeholders.  
4.135.   While acknowledging that Liberia 's level of growth and other economic indicators have  been 
affected by external sh ocks, such as Ebola and  COVID -19, particularly after 2015, we commend the 
country for the high in its GDP rate in 2021 and 2022, as well as in the projections for the coming 
years.  
4.136.   It should be pointed out that Liberia has the  second -largest shipping regis try in the world. 
The important role of trade in its economy, as well as its sustainable debt and inflation situation, are  
noteworthy.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  4.137.   Liberia 's economic expansion in the first decade of  this century serves as a guide and a 
reminder of the  country 's capaci ty to thrive and overcome obstacles.  We sincerely hope, in this 
context, that Liberia 's economic figures can recover and improve in the coming years.  
4.138.   We are pleased to note that Liberia is, like Brazil,  endowed with rich forest s and waters.  It 
is our  belief that its natural resources can and will be key  to promoting sustainable development and 
fighting  climate change both in the country and worldwide. In  this sense, we commend Liberia 's 
efforts to fight IUU  fishing, which is in line with the  objectives of the  WTO Agreement on Fisheries 
Subsidies.  
4.139.   Speaking of which, on WTO issues, Brazil notes with  satisfaction the substantial 
commitments Liberia has  made under GATS, the efforts to modernize its TBT and  SPS regimes, and 
the acceptance of the TFA in 2021. 
4.140.   Regarding our bilateral relations, it is worth noting  that Liberia was one of the first African 
countries to establish diplomatic relations with Brazil - relations that have been intensified from 2009 
on, with several agreements and memorandums having been signed.  
4.141.   We are proud that our bilateral trade has increased 1,672% , that is to say, more 
than 17 times, between  2018 and 2022, except for 2020. Liberia is our third biggest partner in 
Central and West  Africa, and we are its main trader in Latin  America.  
4.142.   Despite these good figures, there is plenty of room  for improvements in our bilateral trade. 
Exports and  imports are still concentrated in a few commodities.  Liberia can count on our 
constructive engagemen t, both bilaterally and here at the WTO, to increase and  diversify our trading 
flows.  
4.143.   As important as trade is our bilateral cooperation in  health and education. Brazil notes with 
satisfaction  that it has helped Liberia fight Ebola and COVID -19. Besides th at, in 2010, our countries 
signed an Agreement on Educational Cooperation, which we look forward to being ratified by Liberia 
soon.  
4.144.   Having said all that, Brazil wishes the delegation of  Liberia a successful conclusion of its first 
Trade  Policy Review.  
REPUBLIC OF KOREA  
4.145.   The Republic of Korea  would like to join others in extend ing a warm welcome to the delegates 
of Liberia led by Minister Mawine  G. Diggs for their first Trade Policy Review. I would also like to 
express my gratitude to the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Liberia for their informative 
reports. My sincere appreciation also goes to the discussant, H.E. Ambassador  Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter 
of South  Africa for her insightful comments. The Republic of Korea is grateful for this opportuni ty to 
take a closer look at the trade policies and practices Liberia has undertaken since the accession to 
the WTO in 2016.  
4.146.   The Republic of Korea and Liberia have remained a good economic relationship over the 
years. Despite some fluctuations, trade activities between the Republic of Korea and Liberia have 
increased steadily. While the Republic of Korea mainly exports ships and vehicles to Liberia, Liberia 's 
top exporting goo ds are raw materials such as copper and aluminium . The Republic of Korea believe s 
that our trade relationship is quite complementary with the utilization of the respective competitive 
advantage. I wish The Republic of Korea and Liberia are reinforcing coll aboration in areas of mutual 
interests, such as agriculture, mining, digital economy including ICT , and sustainability. Liberia has 
an advantage of abundant natural resources while the Republic of Korea has advanced technology 
in several areas. Going forwa rd, the Republic of Korea has high hopes that both countries will further 
strengthen their economic ties.  
4.147.   International trade in goods and services is a critical component of Liberia 's economy, 
accounting for approximately 72% of GDP in 2021, with trade ta xes collected at the border 
contributing over 40% of tax revenues. Recently, the per  capita income of Liberia has stagnated 
within approximately USD  700 due to the effects of the COVID -19 pandemic. The Government 's 
Pro-Poor Agenda for Prosperity and Develo pment, which seeks to promote exports, is likely to have WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  positive impact on the country 's overall economic trajectory. In this regard, the Republic of Korea 
commends Liberia 's pioneering efforts to expand its free trade system to encompass diverse regional  
and multilateral  trade agreements, such as ECOWAS, AfCFTA, EPA with the European  Union and its 
accession to the WTO. These actions are expected to play a pivotal role in propelling Liberia 's 
economic growth forward.  
4.148.   On the multilateral front, the Republic of Korea encourage s Liberia 's commitment to the 
rules-based multilateral trading system and its active participation in WTO negotiations, including 
JSIs on E -Commerce and Investment Facilitation  for Development.  
4.149.   Turning to Liberia 's economic sector, most local companies in the manufacturing industry 
are MSMEs. The Monrovia Industrial Park is particularly noteworthy as it has been established to 
attract domestic and foreign investment and promote the growth of the manu facturing sector. The 
Republic of Korea has a similar initiative called K -Technopark, which forms organic cooperation 
networks with regional institutions, academia, laboratories , and government to develop strategies 
and policies appropriate for the local c ircumstances. It 's my hope that the Monrovia Industrial Park 
will attract more foreign investment and foster the growth of MSMEs, thereby contributing to Liberia 's 
long-term economic growth.  
4.150.   Regarding the service s sector  contributing about 41% to GDP, Libe ria is running a persistent 
service account deficit caused mainly by transport, financial services , and business services. While 
travel service has shown some promise, it has not been sufficient to offset the deficit  in the service s 
balance.  The potential for tourism in Liberia has been highlighted  by the Report, particularly in areas 
such as surfing, wildlife , and ecotourism. The tourism industry could potentially attract foreign 
investment and help improve Liberia 's current account balance.  It is imperative that the Liberian 
Government promotes and invests in the development of these potential tourist attractions in order  
to maximize the benefits that this industry can bring to the country 's economy.  
4.151.   In closing, the Republic of Korea would l ike to once again appreciate Liberia 's efforts for the 
multilateral trade system and free trade. We are sure that these efforts will contribute to the 
competi tiveness and resilience of Liberia 's economy.  
4.152.   I wish Liberia successful review.  
  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF LIBERIA  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  
5.1.  It is my pleasure to again extend greetings to all of you on behalf of H.E.  Dr George Manneh 
Weah, President of the Republic of Liberia and the entire Liberian delegation represented here at the 
WTO.  
5.2.  I would like to take  this opportunity to , once more , acknowledge and thank the WTO Secretariat 
for their remarkable efforts throughout this entire process. Our appreciation goes to 
Ambassador  Mlumbi -Peter of South  Africa for her role as discussant for our Report and 
Ambassador  Almoqbel of the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia for his role as Chairperson of Liberia 's first 
Trade Policy Review.  
5.3.  To all Members who have joined us, please know that Liberia values your enthusiastic 
participation in our initial Trade Policy  Review and has duly noted all of your feedback. As a result, 
I would like to utilize today to touch upon some of the key points raised by our esteemed Members 
and address them thematically covering the areas of notifications, technical assistance , tariffs, 
intellectual property rights, investment security , MSME enhancement and industrial growth.  
Notifications  
5.4.  Undoubtedly, Liberia has made great strides in meeting up to its WTO obligations since its 
accession in 2016. Nevertheless, there is still a need for  greater efforts in the area of notifications. 
Liberia has therefore taken due note of the concerns raised by Members regarding submission of 
notifications. As a result, Liberia is in the process of developing a schedule to submit its outstanding 
notificat ions to the WTO by the end of December  2023. These notifications will cover the following 
areas:  
1. Domestic support and export subsidies ; 
2. Customs valuation ; 
3. Import licensing ; and,  
4. Pre-shipment inspection (Note: This Practice has already been abolished) . 
 
5.5.  Liberia is committed to addressing these notifications in a timely manner to ensure 
transparency and compliance with WTO regulations. Liberia has also taken note of the invitations 
extended to Liberia to join various initiatives aimed at foste ring multilateral collaboration. We will 
carefully assess these requests and make informed decisions which appropriately align with the 
developmental agenda of Liberia.  
Technical assistance  
5.6.  Recognizing the vital role of technical assistance and capacity bu ilding coupled with competing 
priorities and limited national resources, Liberia recognizes its shortcomings and subsequent need 
for technical support in order to continuously deliver on its commitment to the multilateral trading 
system. Therefore, in the coming months, Liberia will conduct a full needs assessment exercise 
across all sectors of government in order to identify and evaluate potential gaps which currently 
exist. Once completed, Liberia will formally request a review and consideration of its te chnical 
assistance needs to the WTO and it is my hope that this august body will affirmatively respond.  
Tariffs  
5.7.  Liberia acknowledges the concerns raised by Members regarding the potential tariff increase 
upon the full implementation of the ECOWAS External Tariff by 2028. We would like to note that the 
implementation of the Common External Tariff (CET) goes along with the implementation of the 
ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS), which encompasses the ECOWAS Free Trade 
Agreement.  
5.8.  Under this agreement, goods originating from an ECOWAS country will benefit from a zero -duty 
rate when imported into another ECOWAS country. These policies, among others, are designed to 
effectively mitigate the anticipated rise in prices by 2028. It is anticipated that the com prehensive 
implementation of these measures will significantly enhance intra -regional trade within the ECOWAS 
region, thereby fostering economic integration and growth.  
 WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  Intellectual property rights (management and enforcement)  
5.9.  Liberia is a contracting par ty, of various intellectual property rights (IPR) conventions and 
treaties, including the Madrid  Agreement, Berne  Convention, Marrakesh  Treaty, Paris  Convention, 
and others. Additionally, we are currently undertaking efforts to ratify four additional IPR 
instruments, namely the Arusha  Protocol, Beij ing Treaty, Kampala  Protocol, and WIPO Performance 
and Phonograms Treaty. The latter four have already been deposited with our Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs.  
5.10.  The Government of Liberia is dedicated to the ratification and enforcement of these 
instruments to e nsure effective protection for right holders. However, it is acknowledged that the 
successful implementation of these measures and the strengthening of our enforcement mechanism 
will require technical support.  
5.11.  Liberia is therefore actively seeking technica l assistance to enhance our enforcement 
capabilities and ensure robust protection of intellectual property rights in Liberia.  
Investment security  
5.12.  Liberia maintains a steadfast commitment to ensuring the security and safety of all its 
residents, including b usinesses and investors, despite existing challenges. As a testament to this 
commitment, Liberia has allocated a higher budget for the security sector in its 2023 fiscal year. 
This increased budgetary allocation aims to reinforce capabilities of the securi ty apparatus.  
5.13.  One significant outcome of this initiative has been the recruitment of additional security 
personnel, bolstering the overall security infrastructure of the country. By investing in the expansion 
of security forces, Liberia aims to maintain a conducive environment for businesses to thrive and 
attract further investment.  
5.14.  Through these measures, Liberia strives to continuously provide a secure environment which 
fosters economic growth, stability, and the protection of all stakeholders within its borders.  
MSMEs enhancement  
5.15.  In collaboration with the World  Bank, the Government of Liberia has launched several 
initiatives aimed at providing technical assistance to micro,  small,  and medium enterprises  (MSMEs). 
These efforts are designed to empower and s upport MSMEs in various ways. Notable initiatives in 
this regard include the World  Bank funded Liberia Investment, Finance, and Trade Project (LIFT -P), 
as well as the Livelihood Project in collaboration with the UNDP.  
5.16.  Through these initiatives, MSMEs recei ve valuable technical support and guidance, enabling 
them to enhance their capabilities, access financing, and improve their overall competitiveness. The 
partnership between the Government of Liberia, the World  Bank and the UNDP demonstrates a 
shared commi tment to fostering the growth and development of MSMEs, recognizing the crucial role 
they play in the growth of the economy.  
5.17.  By providing targeted technical assistance, these initiatives aim to create an enabling 
environment for MSMEs, contributing to job creation, poverty reduction, and sustainable economic 
development in Liberia.  
Industrial growth  
5.18.  The Government of Liberia through the Pro -Poor Agenda for Prosperity and Development 
(PAPD) enlisted job creation, youth empowerment and economic growth as key development 
objectives.  
5.19.  To achieve these and many others, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry along with other 
Ministries and Agencies of Government continue to put in place policies that have improved the 
business climate, stimulated growth, attracted new investments, while improving existing ones. 
Additionally, stability within the banking sector has provided the much needed access to finance for 
large and small businesses.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  5.20.  The Government of Liberia has encouraged local manufacturing as an al ternative to 
dependence on the extractive industry and importation of key commodities. This has led to a growth 
in the construction of new factories and the expansion of existing ones. For example, Liberia had 
just one cement factory for an uncountable num ber of years, but today, we can proudly boast of 
there being four cement factories in Liberia as a result of the construction of three new ones 
since 2018.  
5.21.  On the overall there is a 56% increase in the number of factories currently in Liberia, taking 
the number from 12 before 2018 to now 27. The product lines of these factories range from steel 
rod and steel products to beverages, packaging materials, wheat f lour, ice cream, toiletries, LPG 
(liquefied petroleum gas), etc. The Monrovia Industrial Park is home to all but 4 of the 27 factories.  
5.22.  It is important to note that seven  of these factories are owned by Liberians representing 
about  26% with the remaining b eing foreign owned.  
5.23.  The growth in local manufacturing demonstrates the Liberian Government 's commitment and 
desire to increase micro economic stability and sound policies in the interest of improving the lives 
of its citizens. There are additional plans an d pipeline projects already approved and mobilized, which 
are expected to commence in the next few months. One example being the establishment of the 
Special  Economic Zone (SEZ) which will complement the Monrovia Industrial Park and incentivize 
and attract  additional investments.  
Concluding remarks  
5.24.  Since its accession to the WTO, Liberia continues to make significant strides despite 
subsequent economic shocks due to the impacts of the Ebola outbreak, COVID -19 pandemic and the 
Russia n Federation -Ukraine War.  
5.25.  Nevertheless, Liberia assures the WTO of its unwavering commitment to the principles and 
objectives of the multilateral trading system and remains dedicated to fulfilling our commitments 
and actively participating in the global trading system. By doing so , we aim to contribute to the 
collective advancement of fair and inclusive trade practices.  
5.26.  Liberia appreciates the constructive feedback and insights shared during this Trade Policy 
Review process, which will undoubtedly inform our ongoing efforts to stre ngthen our domestic trade 
policies and promote sustainable economic growth.  
5.27.  Liberia looks forward to continued collaboration within the WTO and reaffirms our commitment 
to upholding the principles of the multilateral trading system for the benefit of all m ember nations.  
5.28.  On behalf of myself, the entire Liberian delegation here present and the people of Liberia, I 
want to wholeheartedly thank all the members here present for your valuable engagement in 
Liberia's  inaugural Trade Policy Review . 
DISCUSSANT  
5.29.  I would like to congratulate Liberia and its esteemed delegation for a successful first Trade 
Policy Review and for the active and open participation in this process. I wish to also commend the 
WTO Membership for participating in this TPRM and f or submitting questions and for their active 
engagement. I will highlight the key issues underscored by Members and make a few observations 
at the end.  
5.30.  Members have recognized the positive strides that Liberia has taken to improve its trade and 
investment regime, as well as its recent efforts to simplify customs procedures and reduce the time 
and the cost of doing business. Members also commended Liberia's commitment to pursue regional 
trade integration and liberalization. They also welcomed the actions tak en by the Government to 
mitigate the negative economic and social impacts of external shocks, pandemics , and other 
domestic challenges, including through the implementation of the Pro -Poor Agenda for Prosperity 
and Development (PAPD) to enhance attraction for FDI. Members also acknowledged the policy 
reforms that have been implemented by Liberia that have made a positive contribution to boost its 
economic prospects.  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  5.31.  Members have called on Liberia to address its outstanding notifications, including in relati on 
to agriculture domestic support , TBT, import licensing procedures and customs valuation . In this 
regard, Members have asked Liberia to explore the support available at the WTO Secretariat. Other 
Members raised concerns with potential increase in tariffs  as Liberia migrates to the ECOWAS  CET 
by 2028. There was also interest by Members in understanding Liberia's IP  regime, including its 
challenges in addressing IP infringements.  
5.32.  Members have also encouraged Liberia to ratify the AfCFTA in view of its poten tial to unlock 
economic growth and spur investment for all participating African countries.  
5.33.  Members also thanked Liberia for its positive contribution in the WTO and its active 
engagement, including in various groupings that Liberia is a member of and impo rtantly its support 
for the multilateral trading system . Members have also welcomed the progress made in the 
implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and have asked Liberia to indicate its technical 
assistance needs in order for donors to mobili ze the requisite assistance.  
5.34.  Other Members have emphasi zed the need for WTO Reform to consider the capacity 
constraints of LDCs, preserve consensus -decision making, special and differential treatment and 
development as a critical component to an inclusive M TS. 
5.35.  Other Members highlighted that the journey to the WTO Membership for Liberia was a long 
and demanding process and acknowledged the difficulties that Liberia faced throughout the 
negotiation process. In view of this, it will be important for Members to assess to what extent LDCs 
are asked to make specific commitments during accession negotiations with far -reaching 
implications for them and what the implications are of these commitments to these Members 
reaching their full development potential . It is also important to engage on how the 
2002 LDCs Accession  Guideline and the 2012  General  Council  Decision can be institutionalized to 
address the concerns raised.  
5.36.  Finally, I would like to congratulate Minister Diggs, the Minister of Commerce and Indu stry of 
the Republic of Liberia for responding comprehensively both to the written questions and issues 
raised by Members. In addition, I wish to congratulate Mr Paul Tate, head of the Permanent Mission 
of Liberia  and the Liberian delegation for a successf ul Review. I also want to thank the WTO 
Secretariat for the preparatory work, its Report, and its role in the success of this process and on 
behalf of the Members we appreciate your efforts.  
5.37.  I would also like to thank you Chair for inviting me to be the discussant.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.38.  I would first like to thank Liberia for the comprehensive overview presented on Wednesday 
and this morning of the main developments occurred in its trade and economic policy during the 
review period. This first Trade Policy Review has been useful for better understanding the trade 
policy of Liberia.  
5.39.  The EU is the biggest export market for Liberia and, in the framework of the pending 
regional  Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the EU and West Africa (ECOWAS), Liberia 
will benefit from full access to the EU market, with flexible rules of origin for promotion of its regional 
trade. The EU is working closely together with the region via both trade and cooperation tools, and 
we are looking forward to implementing our Agreement s uccessfully. This will bring about more 
favourable conditions for exporters and investors from both sides to cooperate and expand our 
economic relationship.  
5.40.  A key priority will be to improve Liberia 's capacity to integrate into regional and global value 
chains. We will continue our aid for trade including trade -related assistance through revamped 
development cooperation programmes aiming at improving administrative capacities, regulatory and 
infrastructure compliance, private sector development and busines s competitiveness. The EU will be 
interested to also continue supporting the implementation of the trade facilitation agenda.  
5.41.  I would like to reiterate that the EU is impressed by the Government of Liberia 's recent reforms 
that have fuelled a GDP growth o f 5% in 2021, and by its capacity to maintain a moderate inflation WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
- 26 - 
 
  rate despite external shocks and domestic challenges such as the COVID -19 pandemic and the 
associated supply chain disruptions.  
5.42.  However, the EU trusts that Liberia will duly take into accou nt the challenges highlighted by 
Members during this review. In particular, the EU strongly encourages Liberia to improve its 
institutional setting and to enact policies that can help to certify products originating in Liberia; to 
ratify the AfCFTA; and to  further reform its forestry, fisheries , and mining sectors to address the 
issues we have highlighted therein. The EU also invites Liberia to make progress in terms of 
notifications ' compliance. While we note the lack of human resources, we believe that tr ansparency 
and a full implementation of WTO rules is crucial for predictability and economic certainty and thus 
an enabling trade and investment climate.  
5.43.  We are also looking forward to our continued co -operation in the WTO, notably in the run -up 
to MC13 a nd in particular on WTO reform including in order to have a fully and well -functioning 
dispute settlement system accessible to all Members by 2024.  
5.44.  On behalf of the EU, I congratulate Liberia for concluding this first successful Review.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.45.  We once again wish to thank Minister  Diggs and the Liberian delegation for their hard work in 
engaging with Members and carrying out this Trade Policy Re view. I do have to say that your Report 
this morning was perhaps one of the best day -two interactions I ever witnessed in my long tenure 
here, and I wish that we could have engaged more with you and look forward to continuing that 
because the issues that y ou brought forward we re really tangible and specific , and I think this is 
exactly what these Trade Policy Reviews are designed to call out . 
5.46.  We would like to acknowledge the significant efforts of those on the delegation responsible 
for all the behind the s cenes work in interagency coordination to contribute to the Review Reports 
and to respond to the written questions of other Members. We appreciate all the effort that goes 
into a Review and all the internal coordination efforts required to respond to all t he written questions, 
so we want to thank you for everything you have done to make this review a success.  
5.47.  As we stated on day one, the United  States values its economic and cultural relationship with 
Liberia and we look forward to deepening our engagement  with your Government here at the WTO.  
5.48.  During the first day of the Review, many Members, including the United  States, made 
reference to Liberia 's national development plans and in particular the Pro -Poor Agenda for 
Prosperity and Development or PAPD. We believe a reformed WTO should be a venue that supports 
these national development priorities and we look forward to partnering with you to see if we can 
bring about changes in how this Organization delivers meaningful development -related outcomes 
for Member s.  
5.49.  We hope that the internal organization and focus on WTO implementation and engagement 
created for this TPR review can be sustained over time to assist your Government in executing its 
goal of using the WTO as a catalyst for your own development pathway . I very much appreciate the 
articulation of the work plan that you have laid out this morning on the notification , please do not 
hesitate to reach out to our delegation if there is assistance that we could bring to the table with 
respect to support for th e capacity building needs that you have.  
5.50.  We appreciate Liberia 's efforts to share with WTO Members its internal efforts to advance 
customs and trade facilitation reforms, strengthen intellectual property rights protection, and to 
undertake critical regiona l integration efforts as part of ECOWAS and the African Continental Free 
Trade Area.  
5.51.  I also just wanted to comment briefly again, there was so much of your national development 
plan that you brought out and articulated this morning and connected with WTO work and I do want 
to encourage you to bring that WTO focus to the wide range of donors out there.  We certainly will 
work on our side to support those conversations . USAID does have a presence in Liberia and in 
particular the economic growth pillar doe s seek to foster  self reliance and spurring private sector 
economic expansion . We have got a couple of pillars, including market -driven inclusive growth, WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  effective and inclusive governance , and fostering healthy and educated populations.  We also have a 
program with USAID  – the Hope for a Better Future: Resilience for Youth in Liberia program and so 
hopefully we can steer that in a direction that does achieve your goals . 
5.52.  Finally , I would encourage you and I'm happy to connect your team with the Global Alliance 
for Trade Facilitation which is a multi -donor public -private sector partnership for trade facilitation 
implementation, specifically oriented towards provisions of the TFA . 
5.53.  We look forward to hearing Liberia 's voice and experiences in the Trade Facilitat ion Committee 
and also look forward in working with your delegation on the outstanding WTO work including  the 
Fisheries Subsidies negotiations.  
5.54.  We once again thank you for your engagement and participation and extend our 
congratulations on a successful fi rst Trade Policy Review.  
TIMOR -LESTE  
5.55.  Timor -Leste aligns itself with the statement delivered Djibouti  on behalf of the LDC Group.  
5.56.  In the capacity as the Co -Chair of the g7+ WTO Accessions Group, of which Timor -Leste 
enjoys co -chairing with Liberia, we would like to congratulate Liberia on its first Trade Policy Review.  
5.57.  We would like to commend H.E. Minister Diggs and her team for th eir continuous effort 
towards economic transformation that represents the strong political commitment demonstrated to 
the multilateral trading system that have resulted economy growth and poverty reduction by 23% 
over five years period.  
5.58.  The successful sto ry of Liberia inspires Timor -Leste to undertake necessary economy 
transformation and commitments to expedite the conclusion of our accession to the WTO, which we 
hope to accede during the MC13 in February next year.  
5.59.  Timor -Leste hopes that the development path undertaken by Liberia will serve as a model for 
all fragile and conflict affected and LDC acceding members to enhance its trade regime while 
promoting economic development, regional and global integration, peace and stability.  
5.60.  To conclude, Timor -Leste wishes Liberia a successful implementation of the initiatives and 
urges the WTO and Member States to extend their support and possible assistance to Liberia.  
  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  This is the first Trade Policy Review of Liberia since i t joined the WTO in July  2016. The Review 
has provided us with an excellent opportunity to better understand Liberia's trade policies and 
practices and the challenges that lie ahead. The Review has benefit ed from the constructive and 
frank exchange of view s with the Liberian delegation headed by H.E. Mawine  G. Diggs, Minister of 
Commerce and Industry, and from the insightful remarks of the discussant, H .E. Ambassador 
Xolelwa  Mlumbi -Peter, Permanent Representative of South  Africa to the WTO, as well as comme nts 
made by the 1 6 delegations that took the floor during the meeting.  
6.2.  Members highlighted that Liberia is a country with considerable economic potential, which is 
based mainly on its natural resources such as iron ore, gold, and natural rubber. It was als o noted 
that Liberia has the second -largest shipping registry in the world. However, Liberia's economic 
performance has suffered from major external shocks, such as Ebola and the COVID -19 pandemic, 
in addition to internal challenges related to infrastructu re, and investment in human capital.  
6.3.  Members commended Liberia on its economic reform efforts through its Pro -Poor Agenda for 
Prosperity and Development to address its current challenges, including its high level of poverty. 
The Liberian delegation noted t hat Government has taken steps to simplify customs procedures and 
reduce the high cost of doing business with a view to improving the investment climate and 
accelerating economic growth. In fact, the Liberian economy recovered by about  5% in both 2021 
and 2022.  
6.4.  Some Members encouraged Liberia to capitalize on trade opportunities, including through 
regional trade integration within the framework of the Economic Community of West African States 
(ECOWAS) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).  
6.5.  Members praised Liberia for its constructive role in the WTO and welcomed its recent payment 
to the WTO budget. However, Members noted that there was room for improvement of transparency, 
by providing outstanding notifications in areas such as agricultural  domestic support, import 
licensing procedures, customs valuation, and technical barriers to trade. Liberia was encouraged to 
reach out to the WTO Secretariat for technical assistance to help fulfil its notification obligations, 
and to make its technical a ssistance needs known to the Trade Facilitation Committee.  
6.6.   Members recognized that Liberia's WTO membership was key to driving the domestic law 
reform process, as many trade - and investment -related laws were promulgated at the time of its 
accession. Membe rs encouraged Liberia to make further progress in adopting the pending 
implementing legislation. Members took note that the Government of Liberia is currently engaged 
with stakeholders in a process leading to the ratification of the WTO Agreement on Fisher ies 
Subsidies.  
6.7.  Several Members welcomed Liberia's participation in the Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on 
investment facilitation for development, and in the informal working group on trade and gender. 
They also encouraged Liberia to join, inter alia, the Information Technology Agreement,  the JSIs on 
e-commerce, services domestic regulation, and the environment, and to participate in the ongoing 
work on MSMEs.  
6.8.  Several Members took note of Liberia's reforms of its intellectual property regime and of it s 
request for technical assistance to strengthen its capacity to enforce its IPR legislation. They also 
encouraged Liberia to join the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms 
Treaty.  
6.9.  . Other issues of interest to Members during this Review include:  
a. Liberia's plans to attract foreign investment and diversify its economy ; 
b. some applied MFN tariffs which seem to exceed the bound level;  
c. participation in government procurement by foreign suppliers, MSMEs and women, and 
implementation of the  e-procurement system;  WT/TPR/M/441 • Liberia  
 
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  d. transparency and accountability in the mining and forestry sectors;  
e. sustainable management of the fisheries, in particular progress in implementing the 
National Plan of Action to combat IUU fishing and the FAO Agreement on Port State  
Measures.  
6.10.  These are the key issues that have emerged from our discussion. I hope that the Liberian 
delegation will consider and further reflect on these issues and on the many constructive comments 
they received during this Review. A total of 111  advance written questions from 7  delegations were 
submitted for this Review, and Liberia provided written answers to all of them. The Review will be 
concluded once the replies to any follow -up questions are submitted, within 30  days from today. 
Perhaps, the Liberi an delegation may wish to consider a follow -up workshop to this Review, to help 
disseminate the results of its TPR, so rich in information, and to discuss related technical assistance 
needs with stakeholders.  
6.11.  In closing, I would like to congratulate the Li berian delegation on its successful first Trade 
Policy Review and wish the Minister and the members of her delegation from Monrovia a safe journey 
home.  
 
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