RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/ACC/807/12
12 January 2001
(01-0155)
Working Party on the Accession of the
Former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaOriginal:  English
ACCESSION OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Additional Questions and Replies
The Government of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has submitted the following
replies to additional questions raised by Members.
_______________WT/ACC/807/12
Page i
CONTENTS
Question
No.Page
No.
II. ECONOMY, ECONOMIC POLICIES AND FOREIGN
TRADE
2. Economic policies
(a) Main directions of the ongoing economic policies 1-4 1
(b) Monetary and fiscal policies 5-6 2
(iii) Sales Tax on Goods 7-14 2
(e) Competition policies 15 4
III. FRAMEWORK FOR MA KING AND ENFORCING
POLICIES AFFECTING FOREIGN TRADE IN
GOODS AND TRADE IN SERVICES
1. Powers of Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches of
Government16 4
5. Laws and Legal Acts 17 5
6. Description of Judicial and Arbitral or Administrative
Tribunals or Procedure18 5
IV. POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN GOODS
1. Import Regulation
(a) Registration requirements for engaging in importing 19-27 6
(b) Characteristics of national tariff 28-33 9
(d) Other duties and charges 34-39 10
(e) Quantitative import restrictions, including prohibitions,
quotas and licensing systems40-48 12
(f) Import licensing procedures 49-61 14
(h) Customs valuation 62-67 18
(i) Other customs formalities 68 21
(m,n,o) Anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard regimes 69-71 21
2. Export Regulation
(f) Export financing, subsidy and promotion possibilities 72 22
(i) Import duty drawback schemes
3. Internal Policies, Affecting Foreign Trade in Goods
(b) Technical regulations and standards 73-93 22
(c) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 94-101 29
(d) Trade-related investment measures
(iv) Foreign investment incentives 102 32
(e) State-trading practices 103-104 33
(g) Free economic zones 105-406 33
4. Policies Affecting Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products 107-108 34
(a) Imports 109-110 34
(e) Internal policies 111-113 35
V. TRADE-RELATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
REGIME
1. General 114 36WT/ACC/807/12
Page ii
Question
No.Page
No.
VI. TRADE-RELATED SERVICES REGIME
1. General 115-124 36
2. Banking 125-132 40
3. Insurance 133-134 43
4. Telecommunications 135-140 44
5. Transportation 141 48
6. Professional Services 142-145 49
7. Travel and Tourism 146 50
VII. INSTITUTIONAL BASE FOR TRADE AND
ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES
2. Economic integration, customs unions and free-trade area
agreements147-152 50
ATTACHMENT 1 52
List of Public Companies (PC) Not Subject to
Privatization Under the Existing Legislation
ATTACHMENT 2 54
Agreements on Avoiding Double Taxation
ATTACHMENT 3 56
Ministry of Internal Affairs:  List of Products Subject to
Approval for Imports
ATTACHMENT 4 58
List of Products Subject to Licenses Issued by the Bureau
for Standardization and MetrologyWT/ACC/807/12
Page 1
II. ECONOMY, ECONOMIC POLICIES AND FOREIGN TRADE
2. Economic policies
(a) Main directions of the ongoing economic policies
Question 1.  
What other agricultural products could be subject to future price controls (as referred to in
Questions 9-11 (WT/ACC/807/5))? Is the list open-ended?
Answer:
The legal basis for price controls in the Republic of Macedonia is Article 24 of the Law on
Trade (Official Gazette 31/93, 41/93, 78/93, 44 /96-40/96, 59/96, 15/97, 13 /98, 13/99, 50/99). The
purpose of the controls is to prevent the emergence of harmful monopolistic trends and to maintain
reasonable prices for some of the essential products and services to ensure their public accessibility.
Article 24 requires price controls on all such products or services to be reexamined every six months.
 It is impossible to predict what products or services will be subject  to price controls in the
future. The trend has been to reduce the number of pr oducts subject to such controls. For example, the
Decision of the Government, published in the Official Gazette 83/00, removed price controls on flour
type 500 and bread made from flour type 500 weighing 600 gr.
In general, as the Republic of Macedonia moves towards a more secure state of economic
stability and towards better regional trade relati ons, it expects to do away with price controls.
Question 2.  
In reply to Question 3, the Republic of Macedonia affirms that privatization is not anticipated
for enterprises and organizations that conduct activities of special national interest. Could the
Republic of Macedonia specify which are these activities and the firms that exercise them?
Answer:
All entities referred to in answer to Question 3 of WT/ACC/807/5 as conducting “activities of
special national interest” are public utilities. Priv atization of such entities will form the subject of
separate legislation. They are exempt from privatization under the Law on Transformation of
Enterprises with Social Capital (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 38/93, 48/93,21/98, 25/99, 39/99, 81/99, 49/00)  pursuant to Article 3 Paragraph 1 of that law.
A list of public utilities is attached (Attachment 1).
It may be relevant to mention that the first seventeen of the entities in the list are national in
scope. All of the other entities are municipal.
Question 3.  
Question 7 of WT/ACC/807/5 asked: “Please provide more information to the Working Party
on regional development policy, especially customs and tax policy. Has regional policy beenextended beyond 1995, and if so, until what date?” The reply to that question gave information
about regional development policy.
Is there a regional customs policy?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 2
Answer:
No, the Republic of Macedonia does not apply regional customs policy.
Question 4.  
Could you provide the Working Party with an assessment of uncollected tax for the budget?
Answer:
No assessment of uncollected tax has taken place so far, but such task is envisaged in the
2001 work plan of the State Statistical Office.
(b) Monetary and fiscal policy
Question 5.  
Could you provide the Working Party with more information on the rules applicable to combat
money laundering and in particular the relevant tax and customs provisions?
Answer:
The new Law on Value Added Tax imposes stringent record keeping obligations on taxpayers. Such
requirements are expected to reduce money-laundering opportunities. Furthermore, there are banking
regulations requiring disclosure of information about the sources of funds.
Question 6.  
Please specify with which country (if any) the Republic of Macedonia has agreements for the
avoidance of double taxation.
Answer:
A list of agreements for avoidance of double taxation is attached (Attachment 2).
(iii) Sales Tax on Goods
Question 7.  
Was the sales tax replaced by the VAT on 1 April 2000 as was stated in responses to Questions
19 and 20 of WT/ACC/807/5?
Answer:
Yes, sales tax on products and services was replaced by the value added tax on April 1, 2000.
Question 8.  
Macedonia also states that the Law on Excises is being amended to “reconcile” the excise tax
with the VAT.
What does reconcile mean in this context?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 3
Answer:
Since the Law on Value Added Tax requires VAT to be paid in addition to excise tax, a new
Law on Excise Taxes is being drafted to reconcile the rates of the respective taxes in order to reduce
the aggregate tax burden as of 1 April 1 2001.
Question 9.  
As with the sales tax, will assessment of the VAT exempt a good from the excise tax?
Answer:
No, both VAT and excise tax are payable. On the “reconciliation” of their respective rates,
see the answer to Question 8.
Question 10.  
Tobacco products falling under the HS categories 2402 and 2403 receive a different treatment,
as far as excise taxes are concerned, based on whether the products are imported ordomestically produced. Such a distinction is contrary to Article III of GATT. What the
Republic of Macedonia intends to do to eliminate this inconsistency with GATT rules?
Answer:
The law referred to in answer to Question 8 also will equalize the excise tax for both domestic
and imported tobacco products. The Republic of Macedonia intends to bring all of its tax provisions incompliance with Article III of GATT 1994.
Question 11.  
How does the Republic of Macedonia intend to reconcile excise taxes with VAT?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 8.
Question 12.  
We would appreciate to obtain more specific  information about the mechanisms for taxing
imported products and services received from abroad.
Answer:
Same rules apply in the taxation of imported and domestic products and services. Upon
importation, VAT is calculated and collected by customs authorities. Like domestic traders, importers
are also entitled to request a delay in the payment of VAT until the fifteenth of the following month.
Question 13.  
What are the tax relief rules applied on  exports (including like transactions)?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 4
Answer:
Tax relief is available for exports. Exporters are entitled to request drawback for the VAT
calculated on supplies and the VAT paid on imported raw materials. Documents needed for this
transaction are an invoice and a customs declaration.
Question 14.  
Could the Republic of Macedonia please confirm whether the VAT applies equally to imported
and domestically produced like products?
Answer:
Yes, the value added tax applies equally to imported and domestic products.
(e) Competition policies
Question 15.  
Please describe the functioning of the recent antitrust legislation adopted by the Republic of
Macedonia.
Answer:
Two laws govern competition policy in the Republic of Macedonia: the Law Against Limiting
Competition and the Law Against Unfair Competition.
The Law Against Limiting the Competition was enacted on December 14, 1999 (Official
Gazette 80/99) and came into force on April 1, 2000. This law provides for free market competition
and determines measures for the prevention of monopolistic behavior and of any other type of
limitation on competition.
The second law is the Law Against Unfair Competition (Official Gazette 80/99), adopted on
14 December 1999. It entered into force on 25 December 1999. Provisions of this law prohibitconduct contrary to good business practice or contrary to honest and diligent behavior.
As both of the above laws were enacted recently, it has not yet been possible to determine the
scope of their operation. Procedures for their implementation are being developed at this time, and an
action program is being designed for the government offices that are responsible for the enforcement
of these laws.
III. FRAMEWORK FOR MAKI NG AND ENFORCING POLICIES AFFECTING
FOREIGN TRADE IN GOODS AND TRADE IN SERVICES
1. Powers of Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches of Government
Question 16.  
Has the authentic interpretation of laws done by the Parliament the fo rce of law? Would that
system apply also to the legislation implementing the WTO Agreements?
Answer:
Yes, any authentic interpretation of a law is bind ing. It explains the meaning of the respective
law where it may have previously not been clear, and for that reason it has the force of law.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 5
According to Article 68 of the Constitution of  the Republic of Macedonia, any WTO related
legislation enacted by the Parliament is open to the authentic interpretation procedure. Of course, the
legislation has to be enacted first. Furthermore, according to Article 118 of the Constitution,
international agreements ratified by the Republic of Macedonia become part of the internal legal
system and cannot be changed by law. This means that any authentic interpretation of WTO relatedlaws, enacted by the Parliament, would have to take note of the respective WTO agreements and
observe the requirements of such agreements.
5. Laws and Legal Acts
Question 17.  
In reference to Questions 47 and 52 of WT/ACC/807/5 that provide for Macedonia’s relevant
legislation on transparency, how far in advance  of enactment would Macedonia notify the WTO
of changes in its sanitary and phytosanitary rules and regulations?
Answer:
Insofar as this is not the case already, the Republic of Macedonia intends to introduce further
procedures for publication and notification of sanitary and phytosanitary regulations to conform fully
with the requirements of the SPS Agreement, Annex B. The intervals between the publication of such
regulations and their entry into force will be reasonable.
6. Description of Judicial and Arbitral or  Administrative Tribunals or Procedure
Question 18.  
What are the conditions required to be eligible as a judge?
Answer:
The Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia establishes an independent judiciary. Articles
68 and 99 of the Constitution require judges to be elected by the Parliament. Furthermore, the judges
must be elected without any term restrictions, and they can be dismissed only by the Parliament and
only voluntarily with their own consent or for cau se. Article 105 of the Constitution says that the
recommendation for the appointment or dismissal of judges must be received by the Parliament from
the Republican Judicial Council, which, according to Article 104, consists of seven members electedby the Parliament for six-year terms with the right of re-election.
According to Article 43 of the Law on the Courts (Official Gazette 36/95, 45/95, 40/96 and
60/96), a candidate for a judicial appointm ent must satisfy the following requirements:
- be a citizen of the Republic of Macedonia;
- attain legal age;
- pass a professional legal examination;
- establish a record of professional integrity;
- comply with Article 9 of the Law on Civil Servants (Official Gazette 59/00)
concerning such requirements as absence of a culpable record and the existence of a
satisfactory health record necessary for the performance of work.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 6
A candidate for an appointment to a court of first instance is also required to have a
professional standing of at least five years; a candidate for appointment to a court of appeal must have
a standing of at least nine years. An appointment to the Supreme Court requires a professional
standing of at least twelve years and a reputation of distinction in law. A professor or an associate
professor with over ten years teaching experience in law may also be elected a justice of the SupremeCourt.
IV. POLICIES AFFECTING TRADE IN GOODS
1. Import Regulation
(a) Registration requirements for engaging in importing
Question 19.  
In WT/ACC/807/5 Macedonia states that companies with more than 50 percent foreign capital
are required to register with the Registry of Fore ign Investments as a prerequisite to registering
with the local Macedonian trade registry.
Please describe the procedures for registering wi th the Registry of Foreign Investments and give
a sense of how long this process takes.
Answer
Article 27 of the Law on Trade Companies required registration in the Registry of Foreign
Investments. However, in its attempt to further improve the climate for foreign investment and to
simplify and accelerate the procedure for the establishment of companies with foreign founders the
Republic of Macedonia has abolished Article 27 (Official Gazette 37/00). Thus, the above-mentioned
requirement no longer applies and, in this respect,  companies with foreign equity capital receive the
same treatment as companies established by domestic founders.
Question 20.  
Please confirm that importers are only required to pay the US$150 registration fee once and not
every time they approach a new administrative agency to register since registration with
multiple agencies is required.
Answer:
The amount of approximately US$150 is the total of all fees payable to the court, the
statistical office, the customs and the payment operations office in order to establish a fully operating
company eligible to perform import and export activ ities (or, for that matter, to conduct any other
business).
Question 21.  
In response to Question 55 (WT/ACC/807/5) Macedonia states that under the Macedonian legal
system a foreign company or sole proprietor mu st register a branch office with a Macedonian
trade registry in order to import into or export from Macedonia. The requirement to establish a
branch office, i.e. invest in Macedonia is not in  compliance with Articles III and XI of the GATT
94, which preclude restrictive measures affecting the right to import. Companies and
individuals (sole proprietors) should be able to  import into Macedonia without such investment
requirements.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 7
Why are foreign companies required to establish br anch offices in order to import/export? Will
Macedonia consider revising its Law on Administra tive Procedure to permit special registration
by firms and individuals for the right to import?
Answer:
The answer to Question 55 of WT/ACC/807/ 5 may have created a misunderstanding.
Exporters of goods to Macedonia and importers of goods from Macedonia are not required to register
in Macedonia.
According to Articles 684 and 687 of the Law on Trade Companies registration in the
Republic of Macedonia is prescribed only for foreign companies and foreign sole proprietors
(individuals) who conduct trade activities or operations “ON THE TERRITORY OF THE
REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA”. Companies and sole proprietors selling to or buying from
Macedonia, i.e., conducting the traditional cross-border import and export transactions, are notoperating ON the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. They are not required to be registered or to
establish any form or type of presence in the Republic of Macedonia.
Question 22.  
In WT/ACC/807/5 (Question 55) Macedonia states that domestic sole proprietors are not
allowed to register and perform export and import activities, however domestic natural personswho have not registered a company, a shop or ag ricultural business may engage in foreign trade
for their own purposes, which can include exporting their products and importing raw
materials for production purposes, with out registering with the trade registry.
Why are domestic natural persons not required to register? If domestic natural persons are not
required to register, but foreign persons are, this is a violation of GATT Article III.
Answer:
See the answer to Question 23.
Question 23.  
What is the difference between a domestic sole proprietor and a domestic natural person?
Answer:
Until 1996 individuals who performed commercial activity, like farmers, craftsmen or shop
owners were referred to in the Macedonian legislation as “natural persons”. They were required to be
registered with local municipalities. In 1996 the Law on Trade Companies introduced a new concept
of organization of commercial entities, including a sole proprietor as a form of business operation by
individuals. Sole proprietors are required to be registered with the court.
The Law on Foreign Trade, enacted in 1993, which regulates the conditions for foreign trade
activities, still uses the term “natural person” because this law has not terminologically beenreconciled with the subsequently enacted Law on Trading Companies. In any case, current
Macedonian legislation requires incorporation of a company for the purposes of engaging in foreign
trade.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 8
Question 24.  
Prospective importers are required to register with as many as three administrative agencies
before applying for an import license. The Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures states
that importers should not have to approach more that three administrative bodies regarding
obtaining an import license.
When does Macedonia intend to bring their regist ration system in line with WTO obligations?
Answer:
Once again, previously submitted information has created a serious misunderstanding.
As a result of the historical evolvement of trade legislation in the Republic of Macedonia,
incorporation, i.e. registration of a company, is a prerequisite for the conduct of foreign trade
activities in the Republic of Macedonia. In other words, a natural person who wants to engage in
foreign trade activities in Macedonia must form a company. This requirement has nothing to do with
the trade itself.
A company, as a legal entity, which at the time of its incorporation, i.e., registration, records
foreign trade as one of its objectives, is permitted by general law to engage in foreign trade activities
without any restrictions. For more information on incorporation, see the answer to Question 119.
Such a company, if it wishes to import goods subject to import licensing requirements, must
apply for an import license at a designated agency. The licensing requirements are under review now.
See the answer to Question 61.
The reference in the present question to three administrative agencies is due to a
misunderstanding that occurred in answering WT /ACC/807/5. There are no “three administrative
agencies” that have to be approached in order to engage in import trade.
Question 25.  
What are the registration requirements for non-resident traders?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 24.
Question 26.  
Why a company registered in the Republic of Ma cedonia is considered as national company
only if it has a mixed ownership structure? What are the consequences of this different
classification?
Answer:
Every company registered under the Macedonian Law on Trade Companies is  considered a
Macedonian company regardless of the percentage of foreign capital in its equity structure.
Question 27.  
What are the fees that a company has to pay to obtain the Unique Customs Number?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 9
Answer:
A company has to pay 50 MDen (less than US$1) stamp tax in order to obtain the Unique Customs
Number.
(b) Characteristics of national tariff
Question 28.  
Please provide a copy of the Law for Paying the Specific Duty on the Importation of
Agricultural and Food Products referred to in Question 71 of WT/ACC/807/5.
Answer:
The Law for Paying the Specific Duty on the Importation of Agricultural and Food Products
(Official Gazette 2/94) was submitted to the WTO Secretariat and is listed as item 63 in Annex 2
(WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1) under the title Law on Special Import Duty for Agricultural and Food
Products.
Question 29.  
The Republic of Macedonia’s Law (see document WT/ACC/807/5, answer to Question 71, our
Question 217) on the Special Duties on Import of  Agricultural and Food Products provides for a
variable import levy which is not WTO consistent. Please advise what products are subject to
such levies. Could the Republic of Macedonia advise what plans it has to modify this Law?
Answer:
The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Macedonia is preparing a new customs tariff. In the course
of this process all variable levies (prelevmans) applied to goods in Chapters 1-24 of the Customs
Tariff will be converted into specific tariffs which will be consistent with the WTO requirements.
Question 30.  
With regard to the structure of the existing Macedonian Customs Tariff, could you provide a
description of the three last columns in the excel  table (i.e. C, D and E) including the meaning of
the symbol “P” in column E.
Answer:
Column C: Ad valorem duty rates only
Column D: Asterisk indicates that a combined duty rate applies
Column E: Combined duty rate, ad valorem plus P (P indicates “prelevman” (price
premium)).
Conversion of prelevmans to specific tariffs is taking place.  See the answer to Question 29.
Question 31.  
With regard to the structure of the applicable Macedonian Customs Tariff, what does “1’23” in
column C relating to tariff item 0102.10.30.00 mean?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 10
Answer:
Numbers 1’23 in column C (ad valorem duty rates only) in the English translation of the existing
Macedonian tariff are a typing error. The original text of the tariff (published in Official Gazette
38/96), for this particular tariff item, has only number 2 (meaning 2 per cent ad valorem).
Question 32.  
For those tariff items where there is an ad valorem rate of duty plus a specific rate of duty
applied to the goods, is there a maximum ad va lorem rate of duty applicable to these goods?
Answer:
No.
Question 33.  
For all tariff lines where there is rate other than a simple ad valorem rate of duty, could you
provide the value of trade and revenues collected in respect of each tariff line for 2 separateyears?
Answer:
As the system of tariffs is being transformed in the Republic of Macedonia, the requested
statistics are not available at the present time. Further information will be provided as soon as a
satisfactory statistical data is developed.
(d) Other duties and charges
Question 34.  
In WT/ACC/807/5, Macedonia states that the 1 pe rcent fee for customs evidential is for services
rendered.
What is the service being rendered? Are such se rvice charges assessed on exported goods?   
Answer:
Services being rendered include, but are not limited to the following activities carried out by
the customs offices: receipt of customs documentation, examination of goods, mandatory presence of
customs officers when placing goods into customs custody, control of companies in the case of
temporary importation, etc.
The 1 percent fee for customs evidential is not assessed on exported goods.
Question 35.  
Macedonia’s response to Question 76 and other questions (WT/ACC/807/5) is to restate that
imported goods are assessed 1 percent of their va lue for customs services rendered. The point of
the questions is that such an ad valorem charge cannot, by its nature, reflect the actual cost of
customs services and is inconsistent with Article VIII of the GATT 1994.
What steps will Macedonia take to bring its cu rrent licensing fee system into WTO compliance
on this point and when?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 11
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia will abolish the ad valorem charge for services rendered by
1 January 2002 and thereby put its fee system in  compliance with Article VIII of the GATT 1994.
Question 36.  
To Question 74 (WT/ACC/807/5), Macedonia notes that a one-tenth-of-one-percent charge is
assessed on imports and exports for export promotion.
While this is a very small charge, it would be interesting to know when and where the charge is
collected on imports and when, where and how it is  collected on exports. We are also interested
in what forms of “export promotion” are invo lved, but that question is covered later, under
“export subsidies”.
Answer:
All imports and exports to and from Macedonia are charged 0.1 percent fee. The fee is
collected in the customs procedure for importation or exportation. It is used for different types of
export promotion activities.
Question 37.  
Currently an import fee of 1 per cent is applied to imported goods. Such fee, being ad valorem
cannot correspond to a cost of a service rendered as required by the GATT Agreement. TheRepublic of Macedonia should eliminate all ad valorem fees connected to the importation and/or
exportation of goods and replace them with fees corresponding effectively to the cost of the
service rendered. In doing so, the Republic of Ma cedonia should provide to the Working Party
the details of the structure of the fee charged.
Answer:
See the answer to Question 35.
Question 38.  
The Question 79 (WT/ACC/807/5) reads: “Please list  all charges, or fees for customs or other
purposes applied to imports, other than custom s tariffs and taxes also applied to domestic
articles.”
Please reply in more detail to Question 79.
Answer:
In addition to customs tariffs and taxes, the Republic of Macedonia charges every import
shipment 1 percent for services rendered (see the answer to Question 34) and 0.1 percent for
promotion of exports (see the answer to Question 36).
Question 39.  
We note the Republic of Macedonia’s response to Question 76 (our Question 75) of
WT/ACC/807/5 on the 1 per cent “customs evidenti al fee” on imported goods. As GATT Article
VIII allows for fees to cover the approximate costs of services rendered and the GATT Panel on
Customs User Fees (BISD 35S, P245) found the ad valorem  structure of such fees is inconsistentWT/ACC/807/12
Page 12
with Articles II:2(C) and VIII:1(A) if it results in the individual fees exceeding these
approximate costs, how will the Republic of Macedonia bring its fees into WTO conformity?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 35.
(e) Quantitative import restrictions, including prohibitions, quotas and licensing systems
Question 40.  
In the answer to Question 87 (WT/ACC/807/5), Macedonia stated that “due to unpredicted
circumstances and over a short period of time imports or exports of certain goods increase
significantly and may lead to distortions on the domestic market or cause significant injury to
domestic production and trade in good”, licenses can be issued.
Rather than relying on the import  licensing system, Macedonia should revise its system to be
consistent with the WTO Agreement on Safeguards and the Agreement on Subsidies andCountervailing Measures.
Answer:
See the answers to Questions 61 and 69.
Question 41.  
In Annex 3 Import Licensing Questionnaire (WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1), Macedonia provides tariff
quota allocation procedures for countries with which Macedonia has bilateral agreement, but
fails to mention other countries.
Are the tariff rate quotas applied exclusively to  countries with which Macedonia has bilateral
trade agreements?
Answer:
According to Article 24a of the Law on Customs, tariff quotas on “goods that are not
produced in the Republic of Macedonia, or the production of which does not cover the needs [of
Macedonia]” apply to all countries. For the full text of Article 24a, see the answer to Question 73 of
WT/ACC/807/5.
A new Law on Customs Tariff, which is in the cour se of preparation, will establish new tariff
rates. When this law comes into effect, the respective  tariff rates will be reduced thereby obviating the
need for tariff quotas. Article 24a of the Law on Customs will become redundant and will be repealed.
In the future, when the Republic of Macedonia introduces tariff quotas, it will be done in full
compliance with WTO principles.
Question 42.  
Does Macedonia have any other quantitative restrictions besides tariff quotas?
Answer:
Aside from tariff quotas, the Republic of Macedonia does not apply any other quantitative
restrictions. Of course, there are licensing requirements. See the answer to Question 61.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 13
Question 43.  
Can Macedonia confirm that any quantitative restrictions used to respond to balance of
payment problems will be compliant with GATT Article XII and the WTO Agreement on
Safeguards?
Answer:
Yes, any quantitative restrictions that may be introduced to deal with balance of payment
problems will comply with GATT Article XII and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. Furthermore,
it should be added that the present legislation of the Republic of Macedonia does not explicitly
authorize the introduction of quantitative restrictio ns on imports in situations involving balance of
payment problems. Article 52 of the Law on Foreign Trade permits the government to take such
measures as may be necessary to deal with abnormal situations in “payment operations”, but there are
no references made in that article to any actions concerning trade in goods and no express referencesto quantitative restrictions.
Question 44.  
In the Annex 3 Import Licensing Questionnaire (WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1), Macedonia states that
there are certain products that only domestic producers may import. This is violation of GATT
Article III; Macedonia should not limit market  access to such imports solely to domestic
producers.
Macedonia should establish a plan to revise or  eliminate its current requirements to provide
national treatment for imports prior to its WTO accession.
Answer:
The reference to domestic producers applies to raw materials required for their manufacturing
activities. They, rather than someone else, are first to  choose the raw materials that they need for the
products they manufacture. This priority is based on the past concepts of economy, which are being
done away with in the market-oriented reform of foreign trade.
See the answer to Question 61.
Question 45.  
Macedonia states that its use of restrictive import licensing is necessary to protect infant
industries. Application of quantitative restrictions to protect domestic output should be
consistent with WTO rules, including GATT Articles XI, XII and XIII, and the WTO
Agreement on Safeguards. Will Macedonia comply with these requirements?
Answer:
Yes, the Republic of Macedonia intends to comply with WTO rules, including GATT Articles
XI, XII and XIII, and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.
Question 46.  
Macedonia states that importers have only two weeks from the announcement date of the quota
to apply for a license. The Agreement on Import Licensing states that importers should have at
least 21 days to file an application and that deadline extension should be available.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 14
When does Macedonia intend to change it s regulation to become WTO consistent?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 61.
Question 47.  
Although Macedonia provides a list of products subject to licensing in Annex 3
(WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1), it has not given WTO justification for these products individually, and
in particular, has not identified which products are being licensed to protect domestic industry,
to enforce antidumping measures, or to implement a bilateral agreement.
Please revise the list in Annex 3 to provide th e WTO justification appropriate for each product
under licensing requirement, indicating as necessary the circumstances that require the
restriction.
Answer:
See the answers to Questions 51 and 53.
Question 48.  
Please provide appropriate HS numbers for all products in Attachment 2 of Annex 3
(WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1) that are handled by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Answer:
A list of products subject to approval from the Ministry of Internal Affairs is attached
(Attachment 3).
(f) Import licensing procedures
Question 49.  
In Question 87 of WT/ACC/807/5, Macedonia cites consistency with TRIPS as a justification for
import licensing.
Please provide a list of products, including HS numbers and description, for which Macedonia
requires an import license to meet TRIPS provisions.
Answer:
There is no such requirement in the Republic of Macedonia. The reference to TRIPS in the
answer to Question 87 of WT/ACC/807/5 was unintentional.
Question 50.  
Are these licenses issued automati cally? Please indicate how they conform to the provisions of
the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.
Answer:
See the answer to Question 49.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 15
Question 51.  
Please provide information on Macedonia’s ad ministrative or other objectives served by
requiring the submission of an application or other documentation (other than that required for
customs purposes) to various relevant administrative bodies as a prior condition for
importation of products into the customs territory of Macedonia, whether or not theserequirements are considered import licensing procedures.
Answer:
This question, as well as all of the other questions relating to licensing, must have been
triggered by an incomplete answer to Question 87  of WT/ACC/807/5. That answer did not explain the
reasons for many of the required licenses. It did not expressly state the specific objectives of the
licenses.
In the answer to Question 87 of WT/ACC/807/5, it was stated that licensing procedures have
been established by the following ministries: Minist ry of Economy, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry
of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of  Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Defense.
Each of these ministries has developed its licensing requirements with different objectives
and purposes in mind. Most of them, as will be seen in this and other answers, relate to public safety
or the protection of human, animal or plant life or health. In the case of the Ministry of InternalAffairs and the Ministry of Defense, licensing is used to prevent trafficking in arms and other defense
materials. The objective of this particular group of licenses is to preserve the security of the country
and to promote public safety. In general, the respective licensing requirements are based on the
international commitments of the Republic of Macedonia.
With regard to the licensing procedures developed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of
Environment, Ministry of Health, etc., the objectives of the particular licenses are the protection of
human, animal and plant life and health. They are not even licenses. They are different types of quite
liberal certification procedures administered to ensure product safety and quality.
Other licensing or certification requirements of this kind are administered by the Bureau for
Standardization and Metrology in the Ministry of Economy. Such licenses are based onpredominantly international standards and technical regulations relating to the conformity of goods
with their descriptions, safety components with respect to specific product, the accuracy of labeling
and other descriptions, the safety and adequacy of packaging, etc. It should be reiterated that in the
establishment of these particular requirements the Republic of Macedonia relies on recommendations
developed by international standardizing bodies. In most cases, applications and necessary supporting
documents may be submitted at the border together with the goods. If the documents are in order, the
goods are cleared and allowed to pass instantly. See the answer to Question 90.
In the few cases where imports requires prior approval, the applications for such approval
must be submitted to the inspection or certification units of the respective government agencies.
Subject to the documentation being accurate and complete, the applications are normally approved
within a few days. Decisions cannot be delayed for longer than one month (Article 218 of the Law on
General Administrative Procedure – Official Ga zette 47/86). The Rules of Procedure of the
Government establish special committees for the review of unfavorable decisions.
Import licenses, in the strict sense of that term, are administered by the Ministry of Economy
(previously, when WT/ACC/807/5 was submitted, they were administered by the Ministry of Trade
which more recently was incorporated with the Ministry of Economy). Explanations concerning these
licenses appear in answer to Question 61.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 16
 
Question 52.  
Many responses in WT/ACC/807/5 refer to Annex 3 (WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1) of the
Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime. Sin ce the original memorandum, import licensing
has changed significantly, including the elim ination of the “K” system of quantitative
restrictions. As a result, Annex 3 requires signific ant revision. For instance, if licenses are still
required, goods formerly under the “K” system of quantitative restrictions must be placed
either under “LB” or “L”.
Answer:
It is hoped that the answer to Question 51 clears up the nomenclature issues of Annex 3.
Question 53.  
Please provide a current, updated version of the table in Annex 3 (WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1) listing
all products (with HS numbers) subject to import licensing, as well as the justification for the
licensing requirement and a timetable for its removal, if applicable.
Answer:
It may be useful to explain that import licensing, as required to be reported in Annex 3 applies
only to the products listed in Attachment 1 of the annex. These are the import licenses required to beissued by the Ministry of Trade (now Ministry of Economy). All of the lists, which appear in the other
attachments of Annex 3, are not import licenses. They refer to the quality and safety of products and
to public safety.
See also the answers to Questions 51 and 61.
Question 54.  
What goods are subject to non-automatic impo rt licensing? What is the purpose of such
licensing? Is the period for processing license appl ication longer than 30 days if applications are
considered as and when received, or no longer than 60 days if applications are considered
simultaneously? What procedures must be fo llowed to obtain approval for importation of
products with non-automatic licensing?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 61.
Question 55.  
What goods are subject to automatic import licen sing? What is the purpose of such licensing?
Can applications for licenses be submitted on an y working day prior to the customs clearance of
goods? Are complete applications for licenses approved immediately upon receipt, to the extent
administratively feasible, but with in a maximum of 10 working days?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 61.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 17
Question 56.  
How are the rules and all other information concerning procedures for the submission of
applications for import licenses published? Does such publication take place at least 21 days
prior to the effective date of the requirement?
Answer:
As indicated in Annex 3 of WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1, the rules and all other information
concerning procedures for the submission of applications for import licenses are published in the daily
newspapers. The period of time allowed for submission of applications for licenses is two weeks.
See the answer to Question 61.
Question 57.  
Is the Government of the Republic of Macedonia prepared to fully comply with the notification
requirements of the Agreement on Import Licensing?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 61.
Question 58.  
Can Macedonia confirm that the 600 MKD import li censing fee only covers the cost of services
rendered?
Answer:
Yes, and the import licensing fee is fairly low (about US$10) and it only covers the cost of
services rendered.
Question 59.  
In Annex 3 (WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1) Macedonia provides a list of the items needed for an import
license. Included in that list is “other inform ation as prescribed by special regulations”.
Please provide an example of other information that may be prescribed by a special regulation.
Answer:
The term “special regulation” means any law or other implementing act that regulates a
specific area relevant for the respective license, su ch as trafficking in arms and explosive materials,
trade with medicines, narcotics and poisons, environmental protection, etc.
Question 60.  
Please provide a copy of Article 4 of the Decisi on on Classification of Goods for Imports and
Exports, referred to in Question 87 (WT/ACC/807/5), pertaining to the conditions for obtaining
licenses for imports of agricultural products.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 18
Answer:
The text of Article 4 of the Decision on Cl assification of Goods for Exports and Imports
(updated text of the Decision was published in Official Gazette 50/2000) reads:
Article 4
The user of the goods or the manufacturer shall file with the administration bodies listed in
Article 3 of this Decision a request for issuing a decision or approval pursuant to Article 1 of
this Decision containing the following information:
- the trade name, the identification number and the full name of the user of the goods in
case of import, or the manufacturer in case of export;
- a ten digit tariff number;
- description of goods according to the customs nomenclature;
- the trade name of the goods;
- the quantity of goods to which the request refers, expressed in a unit of measure;
- the time limit for completion of the import or export;
- a statement of use for the imported goods, and
- other information required by special regulations.
Question 61.  
The import licensing system currently in place is  in only partially compatible with the relevant
GATT rules. Could the Republic of Macedonia submit to the Working Party a timetable for the
elimination of the present inconsistencies?
Answer:
The whole range of import licensing requirements is about to undergo a thorough re-
examination in the light of the overall economic commitments and developments of the Republic of
Macedonia. The requirements of the relevant provisions of GATT and the Agreement on Import
Licensing Procedures will receive serious consideration in this process of re-examination in an effort
to achieve full compliance with the WTO rules and standards.
As the revision of the relevant economic and trade regulations is expected to take place on a
continuing basis, the WTO Working Party will unfailingly be advised about the changes as they
occur.
(h) Customs valuation
Question 62.  
We have reviewed the information provided in WT/ACC/807/5 and 807/5/Add.1 on Customs
Valuation. While the documentation makes it cl ear that Macedonia’s customs valuation system
generally conforms to the principles of the WT O Agreement on Implementation of Article VII
of GATT 1994, use of the terms like “contract price”, rather than “transaction value” are
worrisome.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 19
We have not, however, been able to secure a copy of either the Customs Law of 1993, the new
Customs Law implemented 1 January 2000 or the “Regulations” or the “Instruction” on
Customs Valuation noted in the documentation. Until we can review these documents,
comments on the information in the documents is not useful.
Please provide as soon as possible a copy of the Customs Law.
Answer:
In WT/ACC/807/5 and 807/5/Add.1 on Customs Va luation, the term “contract price” was
used as result of inappropriate translation. The Macedonian new Law on Customs and the Regulation
on Customs Valuation operate with the term “transaction value” in its full meaning as provided in the
WTO Agreement.
English translations of the Law on Customs (Official Gazette 21/98, 26/98, 63/98, 25/00) and
the Regulation on Customs Valuation (Official Gazette 17/00) will be submitted to the WTOSecretariat together with an updated Annex 2 that lists Macedonian legislation.
Question 63.  
We also note that the prohibition against the use of minimum values and the prohibition on the
use of a valuation system, which provides for th e acceptance of the higher of two alternative
values are not contained in the list of prohib ited valuation methods provided by Macedonia.
Are these provisions found in Macedonia’s customs valuation laws and regulations?
Answer:
Yes, the prohibition against the use of minimum values is provided for in Article 31,
Paragraph 2 of the Law on Customs. It reads:
“Customs value cannot be determined with the use of minimum values.”The prohibition on the use of a valuation system, which provides for the acceptance of the
higher of two alternative values, is provided in Article 14, Paragraph 5 of the Regulation on
Customs Valuation (Official Gazette 17/00). It reads:
“For the implementation of this article, if more transaction values are found for identical or
similar goods, the lowest value shall be accepted.”
Question 64.  
Concerning related parties:
Has Macedonia implemented Article 1.2(b) of  the WTO Agreement on Implementation of
Article VII of GATT 1994 which provides for specific methods for determining whether a
related party price is acceptable for transaction value purposes?
Answer:
Macedonia has implemented Article 1.2(b) of the WTO Agreement on Implementation of
Article VII of GATT 1994 in Article 13 of the Regulation on Customs Valuation (Official Gazette
17/00). This article provides for specific methods for determining a related party price being
acceptable for transaction value purposes.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 20
Question 65.  
In its reply to point 1(a)(ii) in Annex 4 of WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1, it is stated, “If it is concluded
that the price [paid by the related party] is almost similar to the prices obtained between
companies that are not related, the transaction val ue shall be accepted in spite of the relations
between the parties”.
This phrasing and methodology is not consistent  with the provisions of the WTO Agreement on
Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994. Is th is addressed in Macedonia’s new legislation?
Answer:
The new legislation is compliant with the requirements of the WTO Agreement on
Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994. Articl e 13, Paragraph 1 of the Regulation on Customs
Valuation (Official Gazette 17/00), which addresses the above mentioned issue. It reads:
“The fact that the seller and the buyer are related, as defined in Article 12 of this Regulation,
does not represent enough reason for non-acceptance of the transaction value.”
However, Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 13 provide for a special procedure in cases when the
Customs Office suspects for reason that the relation between the parties influenced the price. In such
cases, the transaction value shall be accepted in spite of the relation between the two parties, if it
corresponds to the value of identical or similar goods subject to a transaction between unrelatedparties imported into the Republic of Macedonia at a closely similar time.
For more detailed information see the Regulation on Customs Valuation submitted to the
WTO Secretariat as a part of the last update of Annex 2 (WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1) on Macedonian
legislation.
Question 66.  
Concerning Article 6.2 of the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT
1994, Macedonia’s amended response to Question 4 of Annex 4 (WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1)
indicates that it has not adopted the first portio n of Article 6.2 which states that “no party may
require or compel another person not resident in its own territory to produce for examination,
or to allow access to any account or other reco rd for the purposes of determining a computed
value”.
Please indicate how this will be remedied.
Answer:
The first portion of Article 6.2 of the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of
GATT 1994 is not included in the Macedonian customs valuation legislation. However, this issue will
be addressed in a near future by means of amending the existing Regulation on Customs Valuation.
Question 67.  
Concerning Article 10 of the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994,
which requires confidentiality of data supplied in the process of customs valuation:
Please provide the specific provisions of the Law on Customs and the Regulations that provide
for this protection.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 21
Answer:
Confidentiality of data supplied in the process of customs valuation is provided in Article 38
of the Regulation on Customs Valuation (Official Gazette 17/00). This Article reads:
“All available data for customs valuation is strictly confidential for the participants in the
procedure. Such data shall not be available to third persons without a special approval of theconcerned persons and bodies who have provided the said data, except in cases when a court
procedure is required.”
(i) Other customs formalities
Question 68.  
Does Macedonia require the authentication of commercial documents by consulates or
Chambers of Commerce, or any consular fees or services for importation or exportation?
Answer:
For importation or exportation, Macedonia does not require authentication of commercial
documents by consulates or Chambers of Commerce. There are no requirements for consular fees or
services.
(m, n, o) Anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard regimes
Question 69.  
We have reviewed Macedonia’s responses to questions on antidumping, countervailing and
safeguard measures, and while we will provide a detailed critique at a later time, the legal
provisions in place to apply such measures do not appear to meet the standards required in the
relevant WTO Agreements.
Will Macedonia commit that it will not appl y any antidumping, countervailing or safeguard
measure to imports from WTO Members until it has notified and implemented appropriate
laws in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreements on the Implementation of
Article VI, on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and on Safeguards?
Answer:
Yes, all along it has been the intention of the Republic of Macedonia to comply with the
respective WTO requirements in relation to any antidumping, countervailing or safeguard measures.
In fact, the current Macedonian legislation expressly requires such compliance.
It is believed that the current Macedonian legislation implicitly conforms to the WTO requirements by
making express references to the GATT provisions on antidumping, countervailing and safeguard
measures. These provisions are contained in Arti cles 53 and 54 of the Law on Foreign Trade, which
has been submitted to the WTO Secretariat and is available for examination.
Question 70.  
Can Macedonia further confirm that any legislation enacted will be in full conformity with the
relevant WTO provisions, and that Macedo nia will only apply antidumping duties,
countervailing duties and safeguard measures in full conformity with the relevant WTO
provisions?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 22
Answer:
See the answer to Question 69.
Question 71.  
We welcome the Republic of Macedonia’s intention to examine the current legislation on
antidumping, countervailing and safeguard measures , as the current legislation is only partially
compatible with the relevant WTO. The Republic of Macedonia should keep the Working Party
informed of the step taken to adju st its legislation to the WTO rules.
Answer:
See the answer to Question 69.
2. Export Regulation
(f) Export financing, subsidy and promotion policies
Question 72.  
In addition to duty drawback schemes and agricultural export promotion measures, can
Macedonia confirm it has no other export prom otion measures or programs in place, either in
law or in practice?
Answer:
At the present time, the Republic of Macedonia does not apply any other export promotion
measures or programs.
3. Internal Policies, Affecting Foreign Trade in Goods
(b) Technical regulations and standards
Question 73.  
Can Macedonia please provide further explanatio n on what type technical assistance it will
require in order to implement the TBT Agreement?
Answer:
The following technical assistance will considerably help Macedonia improve its system of
standardization and certification.
- on-job training;
- on-sight training in other countries;
- the development of an enquiry point;
- the creation of an effective system for the storage and retrieval of relevant
information data;
- equipment for calibration and testing.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 23
Question 74.  
Has Macedonia reviewed its current standards and conformity assessment laws with respect to
TBT obligations? If not, then they should begin this review and begin to draft implementing
legislation with Members.
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia has not reviewed its current standards with respect to TBT
obligations and it welcomes the recommendation to st art that process. However, most of the existing
standards conform to international recommendations and are uniform in both their substance and
procedure with the standards of Macedonia’s trading partners.
With respect to the compliance of the legislation, the Republic of Macedonia has prepared
drafts of four laws on standardization, metrology, accreditation and conformity assessment, which
will provide for full conformity of its TBT legislation with the respective WTO Agreement.
Question 75.  
In Macedonia’s response to Question 159 (WT/ACC/807/5) it refers to “a company or another
legal entity”.
What is this – a government organization, private company, or other?
Answer:
The term “company or other legal entity” covers  any type of legal entity regardless of the
ownership structure.
Question 76.  
Please explain what a market inspection is.
Answer:
The activities of the market inspection are provided in Articles 1 and 2 of the Law on Market
Inspection (Official Gazette 35/97, 23/99). They read:
Article 1
This Law regulates the competence, authority and organization of the State Market
Inspectorate (hereinafter: Inspectorate).
Article 2
State market inspectors carry out the matters within the competence of the Inspectorate
(hereinafter: Inspectors).
The inspectors directly supervise the enforcement of the laws, regulations and other
enactments by trade companies and other legal and natural entities that carry out activities and
citizens (hereinafter: legal and natural entities), regarding the:
- commodity and service exchange;WT/ACC/807/12
Page 24
- prevention of the monopolies and monopolist behaviour, unfair competition and
dumping prices and other activities limiting free market and entrepreneurship;
- commodity and service prices in production and in exchange;
- commodity and service quality in production and in exchange, specified by standards
and regulations;
- control over the use of measurement units and measures in commodity exchange and
in service activities;
- sale of objects made from precious metals;
- protection of the commodity and service seals, signs and codes;
- quality signs and product origin labels;
- foreign commodity and service exchange and foreign commercial transactions; and
- other matters stipulated by law.
Question 77.  
Macedonia states that it will accept equivalent certificates from third country certification
bodies if the country is a member of a “relevant international organization”.
Please provide a list of the “relevant intern ational organizations” that Macedonia recognizes?
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia is a member of the International Organization for Standardization
and of the Organization for Legal Metrology.
Certificates of all internationally recognized organizations are accepted. See the answer to
Question 90.
Question 78.  
Please provide further information, on the quali ty assurance system Macedonia is working on.
Can a draft be shared with Members?
Answer:
The quality assurance system is regulated by the following laws: Law on Standardization,
Law on Units of Measurement and Measuring Instruments and the Law on Quality Control ofProducts from Precious Metals, all thr ee published in Official Gazette 23/95.
The Republic of Macedonia is preparing a set of laws, which will address the quality
assurance system in conformity with international principles. These are: Law on Standardization, Law
on Metrology, Law on Accreditation and Law on Prescribing Technical Requirements on Products
and Conformity Assessment.
English translations of drafts of the Law on Standardization, the Law on Metrology, the Law
on Accreditation, and the Law on Prescribing Technical Requirements on Products and ConformityWT/ACC/807/12
Page 25
Assessment will be submitted to the WTO Secretariat together with an updated Annex 2, which lists
Macedonian legislation.
Question 79.  
Please provide further information, on the a ccreditation system Macedonia is working on. Can
a draft be shared with Members?
Answer:
 An English translation of the draft Law on Accreditation will be submitted to the WTO
Secretariat together with an updated Annex 2, which lists Macedonian legislation.
Question 80.  
How does Macedonia use international standards?  Does Macedonia plan to be a member of an
international accreditation office? If so, which?
Answer:
In general, the Republic of Macedonia uses international standards as a basis for national
standards.
The Republic of Macedonia plans to acquire membership in the following international and
regional organizations in the fields of standardization, metrology and accreditation:
- IEC
- IAF/ILAK
- BIPM Metro Convention
- CEN/CENELEK
- EA
Question 81.  
When will the implementati on checklist for the TBT Agreement be submitted?
Answer:
A Memorandum of implementation as required in WT/ACC/8 has been prepared and
submitted.
Question 82.  
In response to Question 168 (WT/ACC/807/5) Macedonia states that the current Law on
Standardization will remain in effect until new regulations are adopted.
Is Macedonia currently redrafting this Law to bring it into compli ance with the TBT
Agreement? If so, can you please provide draft copy?
Answer:
An English translation of the draft Law on Standardization will be submitted to the WTO
Secretariat together with an updated Annex 2, which lists Macedonian legislation.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 26
Question 83.  
Please provide draft copies of the Law on Metrology, the Law on Accreditation, and the Law on
Conformity Assessment of Products. If not currently available, then please provide copies when
in draft.
Answer:
English translations of drafts of the Law on Metrology, the Law on Accreditation, and the
Law on Prescribing Technical Requirements on Products and Conformity Assessment will be
submitted to the WTO Secretariat together with an updated Annex 2, which lists Macedonian
legislation.
Question 84.  
What role does the Bureau for Standardization and Metrology play in the development of
standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment?
Answer:
The Bureau for Standardization and Metrology organizes the development of technical
regulations and standards on the basis of an expression of interest. Within the limits of its technical
and professional resources, the Bureau conducts the activities of its technical committees and has the
main role in their operations.
With regard to the conformity assessment procedure, the Bureau for Standardization and
Metrology is the only authority for the accreditation of certification bodies, and test laboratories in the
Republic of Macedonia. The Bureau is also the only institution that carries out the procedures for the
pattern examination of all types of measuring instruments.
Question 85.  
Are the Official Gazette and Herald available to the public? Is there a public comment process?
Are comments from both domestic and foreign interest groups accepted?
Answer:
The Official Gazette is a national publication where all laws and regulations are published. It
is available to the public on the basis of subscription. The Herald is a publication of the Bureau forStandardization and Metrology. It is distributed to the public free of charge.
Yes, there is a public comment process. Comments from both domestic and foreign interest
groups are encouraged and accepted. The Bureau for Standardization and Metrology is a very open
government agency, easily accessible to any interested person. There may not be a modern enquiry
point, but the information is readily made available.
Question 86.  
Can you please explain the process for the public debates organized by Macedonian ministries?
How are these announced? Who is invited to participate?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 27
Answer:
The Bureau for Standardization and Metrology, upon an initiative by interested persons,
establishes a technical committee for the purpose of developing a specific set of technical regulations
and/or standards. The committee consists of experts representing the industry, business and the public.
On the basis of the information received from its members and the Chamber of Commerce, thecommittee makes a list of all companies that may be interested in or affected by the new set of
regulations and/or standards, and distributes to  them the working materials. Upon the receipt of
comments from interested persons, the committee prepares the final version of the regulations and/or
standards which, then, are adopted by the Minister of Economy. Once adopted, the regulations and/or
standards are published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia.
Question 87.  
If no public comment process is in place for th e development of technical regulations, standards
and conformity assessment procedures, we recommend that Macedonia start taking steps to
implement this process or make adjustments in its existing process so that it meets TBT
obligations.
Answer:
See the answers to Questions 82, 83 and 86.
Question 88.  
Could the Republic of Macedonia provide additional information on the industrial sectors still
covered by mandatory standards?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 90.
Question 89.  
As Article 17 of the Law on Standardization ref ers to technical regulations (see the answer to
Question 159 of WT/ACC/807/5), could the Republic of Macedonia explain the differences, if
any, between mandatory standards and technical regulations?
Answer:
There is no difference between mandatory standards and technical regulations. In the answer
to Question 159 of WT/ACC/807/5 the term “mandatory standards” was used as a variation of the
term “technical regulations”.
Question 90.  
With reference to Question 159 (WT/ACC/807/5), it seems that the importers of products should
submit evidence that correspond to the requi rements set out in the mandatory standards
provided by the laws and (according to the 1st paragraph of this answer) a company or another
entity is entitled to determine that.
Could the Republic of Macedonia explain a little bit the requirements for domestic products
and the meaning of “the supervision of the conformity of standards with the provisions of the
Law”? Is this supervision carried out at the border?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 28
Answer:
Mandatory technical regulations in the Republic of Macedonia are applicable only to
approximately four hundred product lines. For details see the list in Attachment 4.
The procedure for these products is as follows:
Either at the border together with the goods or prior thereto in order not to have any delays at
the border a number of documents has to be submitted to customs officials for verification. These
documents are:
- a short application form;
- a copy of the manufacturer’s certificate (or any other authorized body certificate from
outside Macedonia, or a quality system certificate – ISO 9000);
- a guarantee or a warrantee;
- an instruction manual;
- a list of local service outlets; and
- an invoice.
In the event some of this documentation is not available, a physical examination of the
shipment or a sample thereof is required. Even where the documentation is complete, the right to
inspect the goods is reserved.
Where the goods are imported for use as production tools or instruments (and not for
consumer use), then in lieu of the above documents a document to that effect, prepared by the
importer, is sufficient.
The system of quality controls for imports in the Republic of Macedonia is liberal and
responsive to international trade. The Republic of Macedonia is a small country, and for the quality ofgoods it imports it has to rely on the goodwill of its exporting partners. Technical assistance to
improve the quality control system in the Republic of Macedonia will be very much appreciated. See
also the answer to Question 73.
Question 91.  
With reference to Question 159 (WT/ACC/807/5), it seems that the recognition of certificates
carried out by the Bureau for Standardization and Metrology (BSM) depends on its
membership condition. Furthermore, the BSM checks the data in the documentation and
examines one or more characteristics of the product. Could the Republic of Macedonia clarify if
the BSM:
- recognizes a certificate when it is not a member of the international system;
- examines all characteristics of the pro duct in addition to the recognition of
certificates?
Answer:
See the answers to Questions 77 and 90.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 29
Question 92.  
With reference to Question 160 (WT/ACC/807/5), could the Republic of Macedonia inform
about the department responsible for the acce ptance of equivalent certificates from third
country? Is the Bureau for Standardization and Metrology responsible for this acceptance? Are
the conditions mentioned in the reply to Question 159 (WT/ACC/807/5), applied?
Answer:
See the answers to Questions 77 and 90.
Question 93.  
As mentioned in answer to Question 168 (WT/ACC/807/5), the Republic of Macedonia is
preparing four new laws in this field. Do these new laws define the status of the different
organizations that would deal with the standard ization, accreditation, metrology, certification
and testing? Would these organizations be independent from the Government?
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia is preparing a set of four laws, namely: the Law on
Standardization, the Law on Metrology, the Law on Accreditation, and the Law on Prescribing
Technical Requirements on Products and Conformity Assessment. These laws define the nature and
structures of the new institutions, which will replace the Bureau for Standardization and Metrology.These institutions are expected to be:
- Bureau for Metrology, within the auspices of the Ministry of Economy;
- Institute for Standardization – established as an autonomous body by the Government
of the Republic of Macedonia;
- Institute for Accreditation - established as an autonomous body by the Government of
the Republic of Macedonia.
(c) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures
Question 94.  
What steps is Macedonia taking to be fully compliant with the WTO SPS Agreement and when
does it expect to complete the process?
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia already complies with the requirements of the SPS Agreement to
a large extent. It recognizes, however, the need fo r further improvement. Work on the development of
such improvements is taking place continuously in consultation with experts from within the Republic
of Macedonia and from abroad.
In the area of public health and safety following activities are taking place:
- Development of a national infrastructure to comply with WTO requirements, such as
the establishment of a Codex committee and an enquiry point;
- Incorporation of Codex Alimentarius st andards into the national legislation;WT/ACC/807/12
Page 30
- Reorganization of a national reference laboratory in compliance with the ISO/IEC
standards;
- Introduction of the Global Monitoring Sy stem on food contamination and Assessment
Program (GEMS/Food);
- Preparation of a national food safety program.
In the area of animal protection, new regulations are being drafted. Such regulations are
intended to follow the latest international recomme ndations and standards. Specifically, they will rely
on the OIE standards. The drafting process is expected to be completed soon, and an English
translation of the draft legislations will be submitted to the members of the WTO Working Party
immediately thereupon.
In the area of plant protection, the Republic of Macedonia has recently established a national
plant protection service network. The network consists of seven regional centers and sevenexamination points employing experts on plant protection. It will carry out the monitoring activities
for prognostication and determination of pests, their emergence and spreading, and for the
introduction of protective measures. See also the answer to Question 96.
Question 95.  
Concerning Question 174 (WT/ACC/807/5), while this delegation has the greatest respect for
our European cousins and our shared pursuit of  appropriate standards, EU standards are not
international standards, and harmonization to EU standards does not ensure compliance with
WTO obligations.
Answer:
With regard to veterinary protection, since the Republic of Macedonia is located in the south-
eastern part of Europe, this fact, by its very nature, creates the need to comply with the EU veterinary
standards. However, the Republic of Macedonia at a same time is working very hard to make its
veterinary standards conform with the OIE and other international standards.
With regard to plant protection, the Republic of Macedonia is in the process of preparing
regulations for the implementation of the Law on Plant Protection. Regulations will ensure fullcompliance of the Macedonian phytosanitary standards with the measures and standards determined
by the International Plant Protection (IPPC) Secretariat. They will include, but will not be limited to:
- International standards for phytosanitary measures;
- Instructions for pest extermination programs;
- Determining the status of pests in specific areas;
- Monitoring instructions;
- Certification system;
- Standards for the establishment of pest-free production capacities.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 31
Question 96.  
We suggest that Macedonia join the IPPC, as it  is one of the acknowledged standard setting
bodies recognized by the SPS Agreement.
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia is intensively working on completing regulations necessary for
the implementation of the Law on Plant Protection in order to achieve compliance of its standards
with international standards for phytosanitary meas ures, as determined by the International Plant
Protection Convention (IPPC). The procedure fo r the ratification of the Convention and the
application for membership are expected to be initiated in the Macedonian Parliament at the
beginning of 2001.
Question 97.  
With regard to Question 175 section 2 (WT/ACC/807/5), the different certification requirements
provided for would seem to discriminate against the imports of non-EU members, as EU
certificates are automatically accepted, while other countries must negotiate bilaterally.
How does Macedonia intend to avoid this discrimination?
Answer:
The new set of regulations for the implementation of the Law on Veterinary Practice will be
prepared in conformity with the principles of the OIE – Section 1.2.
Question 98.  
With regard to Question 175 section 2 (WT/ACC/807/5), are the new laws referenced consistent
with OIE standards?
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia has incorporated OIE standards in the Law on Veterinary
Practice (Official Gazette 28/98), and plans to do the same in the process of preparing the
implementing regulations.
Question 99.  
With regard to Question 175 section 3 (WT/ACC/807/5), we believe that automatic adoption of
the European Plant Protection Organization list  by Macedonia may not be appropriate, and a
blanket requirement of area free of pests may be more trade restrictive than necessary.
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia is not automatically accepting the pest list of the European and
Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. The Government has published Macedonian A and B
lists of quarantine pests and a list of two hundred pests that are commercially important (Official
Gazette 9/96). List A for quarantine pests is based on the monitoring of the emergence of pests on theterritory of the Republic of Macedonia, their examination and their presence in other countries. List B
is based on the monitoring of the areas where pests appear, where the damage is done, and on the
measures required for the extermination of such pests.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 32
Question 100.  
If Macedonia is not a member of the IPPC, how can Macedonia ensure that  it is in compliance
with IPPC standards?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 96.
Question 101.  
How was Macedonia’s list of quarantine pests determined?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 99.
(d) Trade-related investment measures
(iv) Foreign investment incentives
Question 102.  
Could the Republic of Macedonia provide more details about the tax and customs related
incentives for foreign investments outlined in reply to Question 187 (WT/ACC/807/5).
Answer:
The Macedonian foreign investment regime is largely open, with investment only regulated or
disallowed in certain categories. Legislation guarantees free repatriation of profits and fullcompensation in the event of expropriation. Foreign investors are granted national treatment, except in
the ownership of construction land, and they can partic ipate in all transactions that are not specifically
forbidden by law, including the privatization program. In general, there are no restrictions in the
percentages of foreign participation in commercial companies.
More detailed incentives include:- Tariff exemption for equipment and parts thereof to the extent of 20 per cent brought
in for investment purposes, as long as the investor retains them for five years.
- Foreign investors are entitled to a profit tax exemption for the profit tax generated
during the first three years of operation, as long as the amount of the holiday does not
exceed the foreign equity value.
- Profit tax is reduced by up to 100 per cent in regions designated as “underdeveloped”,
if the profits are reinvested in fixed assets.
- There are no taxes on profits that are reinvested in fixed operational assets or used for
environmental protection.
- Exempt from tax are companies for professional rehabilitation and employment of
disabled persons in the production and service industry, where products and services
are fully produced or rendered in protected workshops.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 33
(e) State-trading practices
Question 103.  
In response to Question 188 (WT/ACC/807/5) the Republic of Macedonia said the draft Law on
Stock Reserves is underway and it was expected to be completed by the end of March 2000. Can
the Republic of Macedonia advise if the draft Law has been completed and when it will be
available to members?
Answer:
The answer to Question 188 of WT/ACC/807/5 was hasty. No draft Law on Stock Reserves
was ever prepared. The strategic reserves in the Republic of Macedonia are still governed by the Law
on Stock Reserves of 1987 (Official Gazette 47/87), as amended in 1993 (Official Gazette 13/93).
Such strategic reserves consist of essential basic food and non-food products necessary for the
protection of life and health of the population in emergency situations. In view of recent regionalhistory, such emergencies are a reality for the Republic of Macedonia.
Question 104.  
In reply to Question 190 (WT/ACC/807/5) the Republic of Macedonia notes the Directorate for
Stock Reserves is not competent to determine im port quotas. Please advise which products are
subject to import quotas and when such quotas will be eliminated?
Answer:
The Directorate for Stock Reserves cannot and does not impose any import quotas.
(g) Free economic zones
Question 105.  
The response to Question 205 of WT/ACC/807/5 appears to indicate that locating in the Zone
will require a firm to export a certain percentage of its output. Given the duty and tax-free
benefits available to firms in the export zone, th is would appear to be a violation of Article
3.1(a) of the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM).
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia takes note of the gist of this question, and it will examine the
situation in the light of the economic developments taking place in the Balkan area, especially as a
result of the new trade directions initiated by the Stability Pact. The Republic of Macedonia is
carefully studying the treatment of free economic zones in the neighbouring countries that have
recently joined the WTO.
Question 106.  
Are companies operating in a free economic zone required to purchase or use product of
domestic origin?
Answer:
No, there is no such a requirement.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 34
4. Policies Affecting Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products
- Agricultural Production
Question 107.  
We appreciate the advice provided by the Re public of Macedonia in WT/ACC/807/5 in response
to Questions 213, 227 and 228 concerning its agricultural trade regime. We particularlywelcome advice that the Republic of Macedonia no longer applies export subsidies. Can the
Republic of Macedonia give a commitment that such subsidies will not be introduced in the
future? We wish to state our interest in the Republic of Macedonia adhering to the principle of
“standstill” concerning its agriculture support programs for the duration of its accession
negotiations.
Answer:
At present time, the Republic of Macedonia does not apply export subsidies.
Question 108.  
We note the Republic of Macedonia’s commitment in WT/ACC/807/5 to provide information on
agriculture domestic support and export subsidies as required in WT/ACC/4 prior to the first
Working Party meeting. We have not received this information to date. We reiterate our
interest in the Republic of Macedonia providing this information as soon as possible.
Answer:
The ACC/4 document on the Macedonian domestic support and export subsidies in
agriculture is being prepared.
(a) Imports
Question 109.  
In response to Question 216 (WT/ACC/807/5) the Republic of Macedonia advised that in 1999
and 2000 protective prices only applied to wheat and small-leafed oriental tobacco. Can the
Republic of Macedonia provide more detailed information on how the prices are determined?
Please provide information on the volume and va lue of support provided to wheat and tobacco
leaf in 1999.
Answer:
The determination of the protective price is based on the following components:
- Average three-year FOB price from one of the USA ports;
- USA – Macedonia transportation cost via Thessalonica; and
- Macedonian customs duty.
 In 1999, the Republic of Macedonia spent 1,500,000,000 MDen for the buyout of 150,000
tons of wheat and 3,043,546,000 MDen for the buyout of 27,419.3 kg of tobacco. In 1999 the averageannual exchange rate for US$1 was 56.9 MDen.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 35
Question 110.  
The Republic of Macedonia advised in reply to Question 215 (WT/ACC/807/5) that there is a
policy of maintaining protective prices with an objective to compensate producers for the loss of
income in case of low world market prices. Could the Republic of Macedonia please provide
details on how the policy is implemented and applied?
Answer:
Through buyouts by means of protective prices, as explained in the answer to Question 109.
(e) Internal policies
Question 111.  
In the Real Sector section of part II in Attachment 1 to WT/ACC/807/5 (The Macroeconomic
Policy of the Republic of Macedonia for 2000), Macedonia states that the appropriate policy of
protection of the domestic production shall continue for the agricultural and food products.
Please explain what “appropriate policy” means, how it is determined, and define the programs
under the appropriate policy.
Answer:
The historical events of the past ten years imposed many adverse economic difficulties on the
Republic of Macedonia, and particularly in the area of agriculture. To counteract these difficulties, theGovernment of the Republic of Macedonia was compelled to take measures for the protection of its
agriculture through allocation of funds under a program known as the Program for Agriculture
Development Incentives.
This Program is included in the Macroeconomic Policy for 2000. It provides for the allocation
of funds in the different agricultural sectors, including farming, cattle breading, and growingvineyards and orchards. For 2000, 244 million MDen was allocated for such assistance.
Question 112.  
In the Real Sector section of part II Attachment 1 to WT/ACC/807/5 (The Macroeconomic
Policy of the Republic of Macedonia for 2000), Macedonia states that the Program for
Investments in Agriculture will be used to support individual farmers.
Please explain the amount of support and how it will be provided to the farmers.
Answer:
The Program for Investments in Agriculture, which is part of the 2000 Macroeconomic Policy
(Official Gazette 86/99), earmarked 94 million MDen  for financing of the following three projects:
- Rehabilitation of hydro-systems;
- Rural development in the south and south-east regions; and
- Support to individual farmers.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 36
The project for support to individual farmers was financed by the World Bank. The share of
the Macedonian contribution in this Program consisted of 30 million MDen. Up to 31 October 2000,
the amount of 24.7 million MDen was disbursed.
Question 113.  
Macedonia should table information on its domestic supports and subsidies for agriculture as
requested in WT/ACC/4, prior to the next meeting of the Working Party.
Answer:
See the answer to Question 108.
V. TRADE-RELATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME
1. General
Question 114.  
Please submit a detailed action plan for the im plementation of the TRIPS Agreement specifying
the measures that are inconsistent with that Ag reement, the remedy envisaged and the time for
its adoption.
Answer:
Technical Assistance has been requested for the purposes of identifying areas that may be
inconsistent with the TRIPS Agreement. Upon the identification of such areas, a detailed action planwill be prepared immediately.
A TRIPS Memorandum of Compliance, as required in WT/ACC/9, has been prepared and
submitted.
VI. TRADE-RELATED SERVICES REGIME
1. GeneralQuestion 115.  
Previously Macedonia indicated that it would provide information as requested in WT/ACC/5,
Information to be Provided on Policy Measures Affecting Trade in Services, prior to the first
Working Party meeting.
We urge the Government of Macedonia to comple te this work as soon as possible – until we
receive this documentation we cannot fully a ssess the conformity of Macedonia’s services
regime with WTO obligations.
Answer:
WT/ACC/5 has been prepared and submitted.
Question 116.  
We expect that Macedonia’s WT/ACC/5 submission will cover key sectors such as banking and
insurance, professional services, telecommunications, distribution services, audio visual services,health and social services, transportation and courier/express delivery services, indicatingWT/ACC/807/12
Page 37
specific regulatory requirements,  how the licensing system works in practice and noting any
restrictions on market access and national treatment applied to specific modes of supply.
Answer:
Yes.  Please see the WT/ACC/5 submission of the Republic of Macedonia, which includes
information about limitations on market access and national treatment for the respective modes andsectors of services.
Question 117.  
Please provide Members with additional information as to what judicial, arbitral or
administrative procedures are available for review of, and where justified, remedy of
administrative decisions affecting trade in s ervices. Where such procedures are not independent
of the agency entrusted with the decision, please indicate whether there are procedures to
ensure that such reviews or remedies are a pplied in an objective and impartial manner.
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia has an elaborate system of administrative supervision and review.
The main two laws in this area are: the Law on General Administrative Procedure (Official Gazette
no. 47/86) and the Law on Administrative Dispute (Official Gazette no. 4/77).
The Law on General Administrative Procedure makes ample provision for automatic review
of administrative decisions by special inter-ministerial committees.  These committees are empowered
to revise the original administrative decisions or refer them back to the primary decision-making
agencies for re-examination.
Upon all administrative procedures being exhausted, the Law on Administrative Disputes
permits aggrieved parties to take their complaints to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Macedoniaby means of a procedure known as an “administrative dispute”.  The Republic of Macedonia does not
have separate administrative courts or courts of administrative jurisdiction. By virtue of the Law on
Courts  (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 36/95) the power to adjudicate
administrative disputes is expressly vested in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Macedonia.
In its determination of a dispute, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Macedonia has the
power to revise administrative decisions or refer them  back to the original agencies for re-examination
with specific guidelines how these agencies should decide. An administrative dispute is first heard by
a three-person bench of the Supreme Court. The decision of that bench can be appealed to a five-
person bench of the Supreme Court, and the decision of that bench is final.
Question 118.  
Please note that Article VI of the GA TS contains other requirements as well:
Do any of the procedures for licensing contain quantitative restrictions on the number of service
suppliers that may be licensed or the type of legal entity (e.g. joint venture requirement) that
must be established in order to obtain a license ? In such cases, the regulation actually would
constitute a market access restriction and would have to be eliminated or negotiated for
inclusion in Macedonia’s service schedule.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 38
Answer:
Of course, there are some quantitative limitations and other restrictions on services in sectors
where the particular services are normally subject to regulation by reason of their nature, e.g., the
distribution of communication frequencies. For further details about specific limitations and special
requirements in individual sectors, see the ACC/5 submission of the Republic of Macedonia.
Question 119.  
Please provide members with updated information on the legal framework for foreign
investment, as available.
Answer:
The legal framework for foreign investment is provided in the Law on Trade Companies
(Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia  no.28/96, 7/97, 21/98, 37/98, 63/98, 39/99, 81/99 and
37/00). This law differentiates between two alterna tive options of investment for foreign investors in
the Republic of Macedonia:
1. A foreign legal entity or natural person establishing a company under the Macedonian
laws or acquiring stock and shares in an already existing Macedonian company.
According to Article 26 of the Law on Trade Companies:
(a) Any foreign natural person or a legal entity may be an interest holder or a
stockholder.
(b) A foreign natural person or a legal entity may incorporate a company or acquire stock
in the same manner and under the same conditions as citizens of the Republic of
Macedonia and legal entities entered in the Trade registry in the Republic of
Macedonia, unless otherwise stated by law.
(c) A share of a foreign investor in a newly incorporated or an existing company shall be
unlimited, unless otherwise stated in another law.
(d) A company having foreign shareholders shall have rights and liabilities equal to those
of a company without foreign shareholders, except when stated otherwise by law.
2. A foreign company or a sole proprietor operating in the Republic of Macedonia
through a branch office.
According to Article 684 of the Law on Trade Companies:
In their operations on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, foreign trade
companies and foreign sole proprietors shall comply with the law and shall have a status
equal with domestic persons and legal entities, unless otherwise determined by a government
agreement or by a law.
There have been specific developments for investment in the areas of banking and
insurance. For more information about such developments, please, see the answers to
Questions 125 and 134.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 39
Question 120.  
With regard to movement of personnel, please describe the arrangements in Macedonian law
for intra corporate transferees. Typically, we would look for a minimum of 3-year term of entry
with possibility of 2-year extension for a minimum total of 5 years.
Answer:
The Law on Employment of Foreigners (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no.
11/78 and 64/89) applies generally to all persons who are not citizens of the Republic of Macedonia
and who seek permission to work in the Republic of Macedonia. This law says that a foreign natural
person may be employed if he/she fulfils legal conditions in force, conditions established in collective
bargaining agreements, and other conditions determined by law.  A foreign national may be employed
if he/she has an approval for temporary stay and if he/she obtains an approval for employment. An
approval for temporary stay is valid for one year. There are no limitations on the number of renewalsof such approval. No approval is required if a foreigner performs the following activities and is
granted temporary or permanent residence:
- business and technical cooperation;
- long-term production cooperation;
- transfer of technology; and
- investment of foreign capital.
Question 121.  
Macedonia indicated in answer to Question 251 (WT/ACC/807/5) that temporary residence
clearances are valid for up to one year and may be renewed. Please indicate whether there are
any limitations on the number of renewals that may be granted.
Answer:
There are no limitations on the number of renewals of temporary residence clearances.
Question 122.  
Please provide more information about the regulation of public sector entities.
Answer:
You are kindly asked to examine WT/ACC/5 submission of the Republic of Macedonia in
order to determine whether, after the examination of that document, you still have any questions
concerning public sector  entities in services.
Question 123.  
Are regulatory functions separate from manageme nt and operation of the enterprises? In this
regard note that GATS provisions may entail sp ecific obligations where such enterprises are
exclusive service providers or otherwise benefit from monopoly status.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 40
Answer:
As already has been explained, practically all of the service sectors are privatized in the
Republic of Macedonia.  The government is only responsible for such traditional public services as,
e.g., education, environmental protection, etc.  Furt hermore, the government continues to maintain the
traditional public services, which are unable to exist without government support or assistance, e.g.,railways.
The management and operation of each of these services is dependent on its particular
character. In education, for example, the regulatory functions for the service are performed by the
same Ministry that operates them.  By contrast, the railway services are operated by the public
enterprise “Macedonian Railways” and regulated by the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
Question 124.  
Please specify which sectors and activities are characterized by monopoly supply, and in which
sectors Macedonia pursues price controls. We would welcome some discussion of the continuing
rationale for price controls and Macedonia’s plans to open these sectors to competition.
Answer:
There are very few areas where services consist of government monopolies. They are: postal
services; telecommunications; railway transport; forestry; primary education; supporting services forair transport; highway, bridge and tunnel operation services and the maintenance of public roads and
road facilities.
As all of these services cannot subsist without government support, they are of course subject
to price regulations. On the basis of Article 24 of the Law on Trade (Official Gazette of the Republic
of Macedonia no. 23/95, 30/95 and 43/95), the Government of Macedonia has issued a Decision onDetermination of the Highest Prices of Certain Goods and Services (Official Gazette of the Republic
of Macedonia no. 81/00). It determines the maximum prices for the following services: production
and distribution of petroleum and electricity; postal and telecommunication services, including mobile
telecommunication, provided within the territory of the Republic of Macedonia; rail transportation of
goods and passengers; distribution of natural gas; and obligatory insurance of motor vehicles. Theprices are reviewed every six months.
The Government of Macedonia has also issued a Decision on Determination of the Highest
Prices for Certain Communal Services (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 81/00)
where maximum prices for various communal services are determined. Such services include
production and distribution of raw water for the population and industry; treatment and draining of
waste water; hygiene of cities and settlements and other communal services.
Macedonia is committed to the privatization of as many service sectors as is economically
feasible. It has to be borne in mind, however, that Macedonia is a small country where many of the
public utility services are unable to attract private investment.
2. Banking
Question 125.  
Macedonia seems to be promoting the entrance of  foreign banks into the domestic market and
allows foreign banks to establish branches.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 41
As this is the case please explain the rationale for applying equity limits on individual investors,
including the requirement that an individual foreign bank be limited to a 65 per cent share in a
Macedonian bank.
Answer:
The situation has changed. The holdings of foreign banks in Macedonian banks are not
limited to a 65 per cent anymore.
Article 9 of the Law on Banks (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 63/00)
permits foreign banks to hold unlimited stock in banks they establish in the Republic of Macedonia.
A stockholder other than a bank may not hold mo re than one third of management stock in a
bank, but this limitation on stockholding operates only until 1 January 2003.
This limitation is based on an attempt to ensure more effective bank stability in the current
economic environment.
Question 126.  
In the Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime  Macedonia indicated that foreign branches
are not allowed to conduct external payment opera tions. However, in the replies to questions on
the Memorandum, Macedonia stated that a license can be granted to branches of foreign banks
for the conduct of payment operations, as well as credit and guarantee operations abroad,subject to a minimum capital equity requirement of DEM 21,000,000.
Please confirm our understanding that such a license  in fact allows branches of foreign banks to
conduct external payment operations, not limited to payments made to the parent bank or with
regard to receiving foreign currency remittances. If so, please also indicate the rationale behind
the higher capital equity requirement.
Answer:
Foreign bank branches are allowed to make payments and loans, and engage in security
transactions abroad under the same conditions as all banks.  In their payment, loan and security
transactions abroad they are not restricted to deal ing with their parent banks. According to the new
Law on Banks (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 63/00), all banks in the Republic ofMacedonia, including of branches of foreign bank, engaged in payment, loan and security transactions
abroad, must have a minimum 9 million EURO.
Question 127.  
Are there any other activities permitted of domestic banks that branches or foreign-owned or
controlled banks are not permitted?
Answer:
Foreign banks, registered in the Republic of Macedonia and their branches may engage in the
same activities as domestic banks.  There is no discrimination.
Question 128.  
On what basis are foreign securities firms, not part of a bank, allowed to operate in Macedonia?
What activities are they allowed to perform?WT/ACC/807/12
Page 42
Answer:
According to existing legislation, foreign compan ies trading in securities may operate in the
Republic of Macedonia upon the establishment pursuant to the Law on Trade Companies (see the
answer to Question 119).  No discriminatory restrictions apply to them.
Question 129.  
On what basis do you anticipate that foreign firms will be allowed to participate in the non-
governmental pension programs currently proposed in legislation?
Answer:
The Republic of Macedonia currently has a mandatory pension system, i.e. pay as you go
system.
Amendments to the Law on Pension and Disability Insurance (March 2000) are about to
establish a three-pillar pension system:
1. The first pillar will actually be identical with the current "pay as you go" system.
2. The second pillar will consist of several mandatory pension funds based on initial
capital funding.  Implementing legislation for this pillar is being prepared. It
is expected to allow at first the creation of two such funds.  This limitation is
envisaged to continue for a trial period not exceeding ten years. Thereafter, dependingon the operation of the first two funds and relevant economic considerations, the
creation of further funds will be permitted. Both domestic and international entities
from the fields of insurance, banking and other financial areas with experience in the
operation of pension funds will be expected to participate in the management of the
funds.  No restrictions will be placed on foreign entities investing in the capital ofsuch funds, i.e., foreign entities will be able to hold a managing package of shares.
The inflow of assets for the first and second pillar shall be derived
from contributions by employers and employees.  The percentages of such
contributions will be more or less the same as now.
3. The third pillar will be a voluntary pension system. Supporting legislation for this
pillar will be prepared in the near future. The legal framework for this system is
expected to be based on the establishment of a voluntary relationship between
an individual (employed or not employed) and a company which on the basis of a law
as yet to be adopted will establish and manage a fund.  Important thing for this type
of insurance is that it will enable all persons, who would like to have greater financial
security than the one provided for by the mandatory pension system, to participate in
the system. It will also enable self-employed persons to have access to a pensionfund. The management of funds within the voluntary pension system will be open to
both domestic and foreign investors.
Question 130.  
Does Macedonia have any limitations on national  treatment in the banking and securities areas?
Answer:
There are no limitations on national treatment in the banking and securities areas.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 43
Question 131.  
Please describe any laws, regulations or practices which limit, in any way, the ability of a non-
resident financial services provider to provide advisory and other auxiliary financial services
cross-border into the territory of your country, and the provision and transfer of financial
information and financial data processing (as defined in Paragraph 5 of the GATS Annex onFinancial Services).
Answer:
Pursuant to the Law on Banks (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 63/00),
advisory and other auxiliary financial services, as well as the transfer of financial information and the
processing of financial data may be conducted only by providers registered as legal entities in the
Republic of Macedonia.
Question 132.  
Please describe any laws, regulations or practices, which limit, in any way, the ability of
residents of Macedonia to purchase financial services in the territory of another party.
Answer:
There are no limitations on the use of financial service abroad by residents of Macedonia
other than the restriction applicable to currency transfer as provided by the Law on Foreign ExchangeOperations (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 30/93). Drafting of a new Law on
Foreign Exchange Operations to liberalize foreign currency transactions is underway.
3. Insurance
Question 133.  
Please indicate whether Macedonia intends to en act legislation making it possible for residents
to purchase insurance services abroad.
Answer:
The citizens of the Republic of Macedonia, at this time, are not legally permitted to purchase
insurance services abroad.
Question 134.  
With regard to the requirement that foreign na tural and legal persons may acquire at most 25
per cent of the shares of an insurance company, pl ease indicate whether th is applies to the total
foreign ownership of a domestic insurance compan y or the percentage that each foreign entity
may acquire.
Answer:
A foreign or domestic legal entity or natural person, other than a foreign insurance company,
may not hold more than 25 per cent of stocks management rights in an insurance company.  A foreigninsurance company may hold 65 per cent of such stocks or, with the prior approval of the Minister of
Finance, 80 per cent thereof.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 44
The total foreign participation in an insuran ce company in the Republic of Macedonia may
amount to 65 per cent, or with the prior approval by the Minister of Finance, to 80 per cent.
4. Telecommunications
Question 135.  
Please provide more detailed informat ion concerning the regulatory regime for
telecommunications services.
Answer:
As described in the “Policy of the Republic of Macedonia with respect to the
Telecommunications Sector”, the current situation concerning the regulation of telecommunication
services in the Republic of Macedonia is as follows:
1.  Background
The Republic of Macedonia is currently served by a modern, digital fixed telecommunications
network, a GSM network, and a limited number of other data and paging service providers.
The public telecommunication operator “Makedonski Telekomunikacii” (hereafter: MT)
operates both the fixed and mobile telecommunications networks.
At the present time, there exists significant unmet demand for basic telephone services in
Macedonia, as evidenced by a big evidence list.  Current fixed telephone penetration istwenty-one lines per 100 inhabitants.  Moreover, telephone penetration varies significantly
from region to region.  Although telephone penetration is relatively high in Skopje, other
parts of the country have little or no telephone service at all.  Whilst MT has made substantial
progress in increasing telephone penetration and modernizing the network, substantial work
remains to be done.
The prices for telecommunications services, particularly local and long distance services do
not reflect the underlying costs of providing these services.  In part, this is attributable to the
fact that MT does not have an accounting system in place which enables it to identify the
costs of providing individual telecommunications services.  In part, the existing price
structure reflects Government macro-economic policy decisions unrelated to the cost ofproviding telecommunications services (namely, that the cost of local telecommunications
services should be subsidized by other services).  The cost information that is available, as
well as comparisons to international benchmarks , suggest that the rates for local residential
and business service do not cover the costs of providing these services. Domestic long
distance rates also appear to be set below cost. International calling rates, by contrast, plainly
exceed the costs of providing these services, although the profit margin is not as excessive as
in the case in a number of other similarly situated countries. The 1998 Law onTelecommunications establishes a legal and regulatory framework designed to facilitate the
development of telecommunications services in the Republic of Macedonia.  In particular, it
provides a framework for the transition to the liberalization of telecommunication services.
In addition, it authorizes the privatization of MT and provides the basis for its operation as a
commercially oriented joint-stock company.
2. Policy Objectives
The principal objective of the Government of Macedonia is to create a market-driven,
customer-oriented, efficient, innovative and competitive telecommunication sector.
Achievement of this objective will stimulate the development of the Macedonian economy asWT/ACC/807/12
Page 45
a whole, and will thereby benefit the people of Macedonia.  To achieve this goal, it will be
necessary to:
provide MT with access to the financial resources and technical, managerial and marketing
expertise of an experienced, market-economy telecommunications operator;
ensure that all citizens of Macedonia have non-discriminatory access to modern, efficient,
high-quality telecommunications services, facilities and equipment at reasonable cost-based
rates;
establish a legal, regulatory and economic framework that will serve as the foundation for the
introduction of competition and a market-driven telecommunications sector, and will facilitate
Macedonia’s accession into the European Union;
bring the Macedonian telecommunications sect or into compliance with international
standards, best practices and operating norms;
ensure that essential national interests are protected; and
progressively divest its interest in MT by adopting an appropriate privatization strategy.
3. Implementation Policy
To achieve the Government’s policy objective for the telecommunications sector, MT shall be
privatized as a single integrated telecommunications network operator authorized to providelocal, long distance and international telecommunications services and operate fixed and
mobile telecommunication networks.  For latest information on the privatization of MT,
please see the answer to Question 139.
The legal and regulatory framework created by the Law on Telecommunications includes: the
Telecommunications Directorate (the “Directorate”) (a body with extensive powers over thesector to implement Government policy), a new licensing scheme, a universal service regime,
a regime providing for negotiated interconnection agreements (with regulatory intervention in
the event negotiations fail), the regulation of  anti-competitive conduct by dominant entities,
the prohibition of anti-competitive arrangements by licenses, tariff regulation, and the
regulation of operator-customer relationships.  It also addresses the allocation of limitedresources (i.e. spectrum and numbers) and ensures technological compatibility and standards
compliance.
Because telecommunications is rapidly developing sector, the Government of Macedonia will
keep the regulatory structure under review, and take such measures as may be necessary to
ensure that market development is not skewed by an uneven playing field or discriminatory
regulation.  Should it appear that supplementary adjustments to the regulatory structure are
required to achieve the Government’s goals and objectives for the sector, to ensure open,transparent and proportionate regulation or to clarify ambiguities, the Government will take
the appropriate legislative action.
In accordance with international best practices, tariff regulation will be based upon a tariff
formula applicable to groups or “markets” of telecommunications services.  The tariff formula
will reflect inflation and other factors, and telecommunications operators will have theflexibility to adjust tariffs within stipulated limits. Tariff regulation will permit the
rebalancing of rates for individual services so as to better reflect the underlying costs of
providing those services.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 46
Liberalization of the telecommunications sector is a long-term objective.  Liberalization must
await the transformation of MT into a commercial, market-driven company.  Exclusivity (i.e.
a monopoly) must be temporarily given preference over liberalization.  MT shall therefore be
granted, for a limited period (to expire by 31 December 2005), the exclusive rights to provide
local, long-distance and international voice telephony, telegraph, telex, and public telephoneand leased line services.  MT shall also have exclusivity, subject to limited exceptions, in the
ownership, construction and operation of telecommunications transmission facilities,
including cable radio and television networks.  MT shall also be given a non-exclusive
concession to provide NMT, GSM and DCS- 1800 wireless telecommunications services.
Other entities shall be allowed to engage in all other business activities in the sector.  This
competition, however, shall only be possible under the terms and conditions to be stipulated
by law and the MT shall also have right to provide services that are open to competitionpursuant to the same terms and conditions as other operators.  The provision of terminal
equipment shall be completely liberalized.
MT shall be obliged to provide cost-based in terconnection to its network to other authorized
telecommunications operators to the extent not inconsistent with its exclusivity.  The rates,
terms and conditions pursuant to which MT provides interconnection shall be negotiated byMT and the other operators.  Only in the event that the operators are unable to agree shall the
Directorate be called upon to make a decision.
The legal and regulatory structure set forth above, as well as the policies of the Government
with respect to the telecommunications sector, will be implemented so as to promote the
development of the communication i ndustry and the economy as a whole.
Question 136.  
Does the law allow for competitive access to th e basic telecommunications infrastructure for the
provision of value added services without discrimination?
Answer:
Article 7 of the Law on Telecommunications (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia
no. 33/96, 17/98, 22/98 and 28/00) also applies to value added services. This Article states:  "the
public telecommunications in the internal and the international telecommunications traffic shall be
accessible to every user under non-discriminatory, objective and transparent terms and conditions,
except for those limitations associated with the capacity of the service provider".
Question 137.  
Are concessions provided for the establishm ent and operation of wireless data and
communications services?
Answer:
The establishment and operation of a public telecommunication network or providing
telecommunication services, according to Article 23 of the Law on Telecommunications (Official
Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 33/96, 17/98, 22/98 and 28/00), is dependant on the
obtainment of a concession.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 47
Question 138.  
Do any of the requirements for obtaining a conce ssion include quantitative restrictions on the
number of service suppliers or the type of legal entity (e.g. joint venture requirement) that must
be established?
Answer:
According to Article 23 of the Law on Telecommunications (Official Gazette of the Republic
of Macedonia no. 33/96, 17/98, 22/98 and 28/00), concessions for the establishment and operation of
a public telecommunication network and for prov iding public telecommunication services may be
granted to any domestic or foreign natural person or legal entity subject to compliance with the
conditions included in the tender for granting the concession.
Question 139.  
We understand that the IFC has approved a credit for Macedonian Telecommunications in the
amount of US$50 million for privatization.
Please update Members on Macedonia’s plans to privatize the company, including prospects for
the participation of foreign capital.
Answer:
A special privatization committee with broad terms of reference was established in December
1999.  Its membership includes representatives of the government and the industry, as well as
international consultants.  After defining its objectives towards attaining privatization in
telecommunications, the committee proceeded without delay to address all relevant regulatory and
administrative issues, and to establish a satisfactory base for the privatization process. A public
invitation for bids appeared in the Financial Times and in all major Macedonian newspapers on3 May  2000. Additional information was made available to interested parties.
Interest was expressed by six potential bidders:
- MATAV ( Hungary)
- Debitel ( an Interamerican- Swiss- Greek consortium)
- Vivendi Telecom ( France)
- OTE ( Greece)
- Turksel (Turkey)
- Telecom Slovenia
The tender proceeded in two phases. First, the interested parties were required to satisfy
the criteria of eligibility, details of which were made available to them. In the second phase, they
received drafts of the key transactional and regulatory documents (the stock purchase agreement, the
stockholders agreement, the concession document, etc.) for review and comment.
By July 2000 all of the bidders, except Vivendi Telecom, completed their due diligence
analyses of AD Makedonski Telekomunikacii. Furthermore they held meetings with the officials of
the relevant government agencies. Presentations of the regulatory base for telecommunications, the
macroeconomic indicators for the development in the telecommunications sector, and projections for
the future made by the officials at these meetings.
The interested parties submitted their preliminary bids on 16 October 2000. Three of them -
MATAV, OTE, and Telecom Slovenia - have been selected for the second phase of the tenderWT/ACC/807/12
Page 48
process. They are invited to submit their final financial binding offers, based on the previously
mentioned open and standard transactional and regulatory documents which together their final
technical offers will form the basis for conclusive negotiations.
These final offers are required to be submitted by the end of 2000. 
The appropriate recommendations for a government decision are expected in early 2001.
- Courier Services
Question 140.  
Are express delivery service providers free to establish facilities and operate in Macedonia?
Through what forms of legal entity?
Answer:
In WT/ACC/5 submission of the Republic of Macedonia a distinction is made between
courier and express mail services.  For the first type of service, the exclusive provider is the publicenterprise Macedonian Post Office.  As to the second one, there is no specific legislation.  In fact,
international services operate freely in the Republic of Macedonia and are used extensively.
5. Transportation
Question 141.  
Please provide further information concerning the regulatory framework in this sector and the
scope of private participation in the mark et for freight transportation services.
Answer:
The Law on Road Transport (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 63/95 and
29/98) regulates the transport of passengers and goods both in the inner and international transport.
There is no discrimination in transportation services, and private participation is not restricted.
Transportation of passengers and goods may be carried out by legal entities and natural
persons licensed to perform such activities.
Licenses are issued under the following conditions:
- the applicant must be a properly registered business;
- the applicant has to posses, rent or lease a certain number of registered vehicles,
which fulfill the safety standards for the road transport, as well as the special
technical requirements for certain types of transport
- the applicant needs to show that all taxes related to the performance of transportation
activity have been paid
- to have provided space for parking and maintenance of vehicles.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 49
Pursuant to the Law on Road Transport, the price of transportation shall be determined by the
transporter.  When issuing a license  for a regular line transport, the time schedule and the price list
shall be verified by the Minister of Transport and Communications.
The Law on Road Transport is in the course of being changed.
6. Professional Services
Question 142.  
Macedonia has indicated that it is conducting a detailed assessment of market access and
national treatment restrictions with regard to  accountancy, legal and engineering services.
Has this assessment been completed and if so , when will it be made available to WTO
Members?
Answer:
The present conditions for foreign participation in accounting, legal and engineering services
in the Republic of Macedonia are fairly open and reasonable (for details see the WT/ACC/5
submission of the Republic of Macedonia).
An assessment of the present situation and the introduction of possible change thereto
continuing.  The results of the assessment will be made public and shared with WTO members
immediately they become available.
Question 143.  
With regard to legal services, please indicate  whether the new draft Law on the Bar has been
prepared.
Answer:
Amendments to the Law on the Bar (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no.
80/92) are being prepared by a Drafting Group under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice. The
Drafting Group includes members of the Macedonian Bar Association, Law Faculty and the Ministry
of Justice. They are not yet in a condition to be submitted to the Government and the Parliament of
the Republic of Macedonia. These amendments are expected to provide clear standards for the
professional requirements of attorneys and for the scope and manner of their professional activities.
The amendments are also expected to address in greater detail the opportunities of foreign
attorneys to offer their professional services in the Republic of Macedonia.
Question 144.  
Will the new legal framework envision any restrictions on the ability of foreign lawyers in
private practice to establish offices, form joint partnerships with Macedonian lawyers or hire
Macedonian nationals as lawyers?
Answer:
See answer to Question 143.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 50
Question 145.  
Would this category include the right for foreig n lawyers to provide legal consultancy services
regarding Macedonian or international law?
Answer:
See answer to Question 143.
7. Travel and Tourism
Question 146.  
Please indicate whether there ar e any restrictions on the ability of foreign firms to establish or
operate hotels and restaurants, travel agencies or other tourist operations. Are foreign firms
accorded national treatment?
Answer:
The laws of the Republic of Macedonia do not restrict foreign firms from establishing or
operating hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, or other tourist operations in Macedonia. Foreign firms
are treated in the same manner as domestic firms. There is no discrimination.
VII. INSTITUTIONAL BASE FOR TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH
THIRD COUNTRIES
2. Economic integration, customs unions and free-trade area agreementsQuestion 147.  
We thank Macedonia for the information provided in WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1 on its trade
agreements. We would appreciate clarification on certain points:
Do any of the agreements listed in table A of Annex 8 contain provisions for preferential market
access for goods? Do any of these arrangements contain provisions on market access forservices, whether or not preferential?
Answer:
No, the agreements do not contain any provisions relating to preferential market access for
goods; and they do not contain any provisions on market access for services.
Question 148.  
Concerning the agreements listed in Table B,  for any recent representative period, please
estimate the portion of Macedonia’s imports under Chapters 25-97 that enter duty-free under
the terms of these agreements. Please estimate the portion of imports under Chapters 1-24 that
enter under preferential provisions not available to MFN suppliers.
Answer:
Only three of the above mentioned agreements were operating during 1999, which is the latest
available statistical period. These were the agreements with Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Croatiaand Slovenia. The duty-free imports under Chapters 25-97 from these three countries constituted 17
per cent in 1999. The imports under Chapters 1-24 constituted 7.6 per cent of the total MFN imports.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 51
Question 149.  
The free trade agreements (FTA) for Croatia, Slovenia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
(Annex 8 WT/ACC/807/5/Add.1) indicate that these arrangements do not result in free trade
between the parties (Question 275 of WT/ACC/807/ 5 refers) i.e. elimination of barriers on
substantially all trade. What plans does the Republic of Macedonia have to bring thesearrangements into conformity with GATT Article XXIV?
Answer:
In view of the continuing extensive economic and trade negotiations taking place within the
Balkan region, bilateral trade relations are undergoing substantial changes. The results of all of these
changes are still not fully known, but they have a substantial effect on the trade patterns under the
various free trade agreements Macedonia made with the other countries which were formerly included
within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. What can be stated with some certainty is thatthe Republic of Macedonia is striving towards the establishment of bilateral trade relations which will
be fully compatible with GATT. Many of the countries that have bilateral trade relations with the
Republic of Macedonia are already members of the WTO. The Republic of Macedonia will adopt the
same approach in its international trade relations as have been adopted by such other countries.
Question 150.  
Over what timeframe will the tariff quotas on agricultural and industrial products be
“gradually abolished” (reply to Question 279 of WT/ACC/807/5 refers)?
Answer:
Only the Free Trade Agreement with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia contains a provision
on  “a gradual abolition” of tariff rate quotas.
Question 151.  
Will the Republic of Macedonia give a commitment that any tariff quotas that may result from
its WTO accession negotiations will be additional to the existing tariff quotas under its various
free trade agreements?
Answer:
Yes, any tariff quotas resulting from the accession of the Republic of Macedonia to the WTO
shall be additional to the existing tariff quotas under its free trade agreements.
Question 152.  
Could the Republic of Macedonia please advise the timeframe over which it plans to expand the
coverage of agriculture under its FT Agreements so that free trade is achieved in this sector?
Answer:
See the answer to Question 149.WT/ACC/807/12
Page 52
ATTACHMENT 1
List of Public Companies (PC)
Not Subject to Privatization Under the Existing Legislation
1. Macedonian Railways Skopje
2. Electric Power Company of Macedonia Skopje
3. Macedonian Roads Skopje
4. Agro-Stock Exchange Skopje
5. PC for Area and Urban Planning Skopje
6. Macedonian Forests Skopje
7. PC Macedonian Broadcasting Skopje
8. Water Utility of Mace donia Skopje
9. PC Macedonian Posts Skopje
10. Macedonian Telecommunications Skopje
11. Macedonian Posts PC for Internal and External Postal Traffic Skopje
12. Macedonian Radio-Television Skopje
13. PC Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia Skopje
14. PC for Airport Services Macedonia Skopje
15. PC for Support of the Individual Agriculture Skopje
16. PC for Utilization of Pastures Skopje
17. PC for Utilization of Living and Business Premises Skopje
18. PC Communal Hygiene – Skopje Skopje
19. Water Utility and Sewage Skopje
20. PC Streets and Roads-Skopje Skopje
21. Drisla-Sanitary Dump-Batinci Batinci
22. GA-MA PC for Procurement, Transport and Distribution of Natural Gas-Skopje Skopje
23. Sopiste PC for Communal Works-Skopje Skopje
24. Skopje Public Transport Company-Skopje Skopje
25. Ilinden Public Communal Company-Ilinden Ilinden
26. Studencica-Zletovica PC for Water Supply-Skopje Skopje
27. Parks-Skopje Skopje
28. PC Vodovod (water utility)-Bitola Bitola
29. Construction Communal PC-Bitola Bitola
30. PC Komunalec-Bitola Bitola
31. PC Markets-Bitola Bitola
32. Komunalec PC for Communal Works-Demir Hisar Demir Hisar
33. Bosava PC for Communal Works-Demir Kapija Demir Kapija
34. PC Proleter-Resen Resen
35. PC Vet Station-Resen Resen
36. PC Vet Station-Kicevo Kicevo
37. PC Vodovod (water utility)-Kocani Kocani
38. PC Kocani for Utilization of Urban Land-Kocani Kocani
39. Masalnica PC for Communal Works-Orizari Orizari
40. Oblesevo PC for Communal Works-Oblesevo Oblesevo
41. Ilinden PC for Communal Works –Zrnovci Zrnovci
42. Solidarnost PC for Communal Works –Vinica Vinica
43. PC Kale-Blatec Blatec
44. Vet Station-Berovo Berovo
45. Usluga PC for Communal Works –Berovo Berovo
46. Obnova PC for Communal Works –Pehcevo Pehcevo
47. Komunalec PC for Communal Works –Pehcevo Pehcevo
48. Bregalnica PC for Communal Works –Delcevo Delcevo
49. PC Vet Station-Delcevo Delcevo
50. PC Doming-Makedonska Kamenica Makedonska
Kamenica
51. PC Vodovod (water utility)-Kumanovo Kumanovo
52. PC Markets-Kumanovo Kumanovo
53. PC for Parks-Kumanovo Kumanovo
54. Pisa PC Lipkovo-Orizare OrizareWT/ACC/807/12
Page 53
55. Penda PC for Water Utility and Sewage Orizare
56. Kratovo PC for Utilization of Urban Land an d Maintenance of Communal Infrastructure-
KratovoKratovo
57. PC Vet Station-Kriva Palanka K. Palanka
58. PC Komunalec-Kriva Palanka K. Palanka
59. PC Vet Station-Ohrid Ohrid
60. Komunalec PC for Communal Services-Ohrid Ohrid
61. Sateska PC for Communal Works –Meseista Meseista
62. PC for Communal Works -Struga Struga
63. PC Vet Station-Struga Struga
64. Struga-turs PC for Tourism and Tourist Agency Struga
65. 8 Noemvri PC for Utilization of Urban Land-Struga Struga
66. Eremja PC for Communal Works –Vevcani Vevcani
67. Pastertia PC for Communal Works –Velesta Velesta
68. Proakva PC for Intercity Water Supply of Ohrid and Struga-Struga Struga
69. Standard PC for Communal Works –Debar Debar
70. Jale PC Centar Zupa– Centar Zupa Centar  Zupa
71. Komunalec PC for Communal Works –Prilep Prilep
72. PC for Communal Works -Dolneni Dolneni
73. Komunalec PC for Utilization of Urban Land-Makedonski Brod Makedonski Brod
74. Komuna PC for Communal Works –Krusevo Krusevo
75. Komunalec PC for Communal Works –Strumica Strumica
76. Komuna PC for Communal Works -Novo Selo Novo Selo
77. Communal service PC for Communal Works –Valandovo Valandovo
78. PC Vet Station-Valandovo Valandovo
79. Progres PC for Communal Works –Radovis Radovis
80. Fortuna PC for Communal Works -Stip Stip
81. Ilinden PC for Communal Works –Probistip Probistip
82. PC Vet Station-Probistip Probistip
83. Edinstvo PC for Communal Works -Sveti Nikole Sv. Nikole
84. Tetovo PC for Communal Works –Tetovo Tetovo
85. PC Geoinzenering-Tetovo Tetovo
86. Vardar-Brvenica Brvenica
87. Vardar Inzenering-Brvenica Brvenica
88. PC Gostivar-Gostivar Gostivar
89. Derven PC for Communal Works -Veles Veles
90. PC Vet Station-Veles Veles
91. Vila Zora PC for Construction and Utilization-Veles Veles
92. Topolka PC for Communal Works –Caska Caska
93. PC Komunalec-Gevgelija Gevgelija
94. PC Vodovod (water utility)-Bogdanci Bogdanci
95. PC Komunalec Polin-Star Dojran Star Dojran
96. PC Miravci-Miravci Miravci
97. PC Napredok-Prdejci Prdejci
98. PC Tikvesko Pole-Kavadarci Kavadarci
99. PC Komunalec-Kavadarci Kavadarci
100. PC Tikvesija-Kavadarci Kavadarci
101. Mito Hadjivasilev Jasmin PC for Utilisation of Sport Infrastructure-Kavadarci Kavadarci
102. PC Vet Station-Negotino Negotino
103. Komunalec PC for Communal Works and Services-Negotino NegotinoWT/ACC/807/12
Page 54ATTACHMENT 2
Agreements on Avoiding Double Taxation
Agreement Signed Ratified Published Effective
1 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of Croatia for AvoidingDouble Taxation on Income and Capital6 July 1999
Zagreb15 March 1995 Official Gazette of RM
International Agreements no. 1728 March 1995As of
11 January 1996
2 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of Turkey for AvoidingDouble Taxation on Income and Capital16 June 1995
Ankara20 September 1995 Official Gazette of RM
International Agreements no. 4527 September 199528 November 1996
3 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia forAvoiding Double Taxation on Income and
Capital4 September 1996 19 February 1997 Append ix to Official Gazette of RM,
International Agreements no.826 February 199722 July 1997
4 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of Poland for Avoiding DoubleTaxation on Income and Capital28 November 1996
Skopje2 April 1997 Official Gazette of RM
International Agreements no. 1710 April 199717 December 1999
5 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of Italy for Avoiding DoubleTaxation on Income and Capital  and Protectionagainst Fiscal Evasion10 December 1996
Rome9 July 1997 Official Gazette of RM
International Agreements no. 3418 July 19978 July 2000
6 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the People’s Republic of China for
Avoiding Double Taxation on Income and
Capital  and Protection against Fiscal Evasion9 June 1997
Beijing18 September 1997 Official Gazette of RM no. 49/97
30 September 199729 November 1997
7 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Russian Federation for Avoiding DoubleTaxation on Income and Capital21 October 1997
Skopje3 February 1998 Official Gazette of RM no. 7/97
10 February 1998
8 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and Albania for Avoiding Double Taxation onIncome and Capital  and Protection against
Fiscal Evasion15 January 1998
Skopje25 March 1998 Official Gazette of RM no. 16/98
2 April 19982 September 1998
9 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Kingdom of Sweden for Avoiding
Double Taxation on Income and Capital17 February 1998
Stockholm28 April 1998 Official Gazette of RM no. 21
8 May 199815 May 1998
10 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and Ukraine for Avoiding Double Taxation onIncome and Capital  and Protection againstFiscal Evasion2 March 1998
Kiev28 April 1998 Official Gazette of RM no. 21
8 May 199823 November 1998
11 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of Slovenia for Avoiding
Double Taxation on Income and Capital15 May 1998
Skopje25 June 1998 Official Gazette of RM no. 31
2 July 199820 September 1999WT/ACC/807/12
Page 55Agreement Signed Ratified Published Effective
12 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Kingdom and Holland for Avoiding
Double Taxation on Income and Capital  and
Protection against Fiscal Evasion11 September 1998
Skopje25 February 1999 Official Gazette of RM  no. 13
4 March 199921 April 1999
13 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and France for Avoiding Double Taxation onIncome and Capital10 February 1999
Paris15 April 1999 Official Gazette of RM  no. 23
22 April 1999
14 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of Bulgaria for AvoidingDouble Taxation on Income and Capital22 February 1999
Sofia15 April 1999 Official Gazette of RM  no. 23
22 April 199924 September 1999
15 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of China for Avoiding Double
Taxation on Income and Capital  and Protection
against Fiscal Evasion9 June 1999
Taipei14 July 1999 Official Gazette of RM  no. 44
16 July 19999 June 1999
16 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and Egypt for Avoiding Double Taxation onIncome and Capital  and Protection againstFiscal Evasion22 November 1999
Cairo27 January 2000 Official Gazette of RM  no. 7
1 February 2000
17 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Kingdom of Denmark for AvoidingDouble Taxation on Income and Capital20 March 2000
Copenhagen8 June 2000 Official Gazette of RM no. 48
19 June 2000
18 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and the Swiss Federal Council for Avoiding
Double Taxation on Income and Capital14 April 2000
Skopje6 July 2000 Official Gazette of RM no. 55
17 July 2000
19 Agreement between the Republic of Macedonia
and Romania for Avoiding Double Taxation onIncome and Capital  and Protection againstFiscal Evasion12 June 2000
BucharestWT/ACC/807/12
Page 56
ATTACHMENT 3
Ministry of Internal Affairs
List of Products Subject to Approval for Imports
HS Number Description
2612 10 00 00 Uranium ores and concentrates
2612 20 00 00 Thorium ores and concentrates
2844 10 00 00 Natural uranium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic
products and mixtures containing natural uranium or natural uranium compounds
2844 20 00 00 Uranium enriched in U 235 and its compounds; plutonium and its compounds; alloys,
dispersions (including cermets), ceramic pr oducts and mixtures containing uranium
enriched in U 235, plutonium or compounds of these products
2844 30 00 00 Uranium depleted in U 235 and its compounds; thorium and its compounds; alloys,
dispersions (including cermets), ceramic pr oducts and mixtures containing uranium
depleted in U 235, thorium or compounds of these products
2844 40 00 00 Radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds other than those of subheading
No 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramicproducts and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive
residues
2844 50 00 00 Spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors (Euratom)
2845 10 00 00 Heavy water (deuterium oxide) (Euratom)
2845 90 00 00 Other
2904 20 10 00 Trinitrotoluenes and dinitronaphthalenes
2904 20 90 00 Other
2920 90 80 10 Nitroglycerine
2920 90 90 20 Other esters of nitrogen acid
3601 00 00 00 Propellent powders
3602 00 00 00 Prepared explosives, other than propellent powders
3603 00 10 00 Safety fuses; detonating fuses
3603 00 90 00 Other
3604 90 00 10 Anti-storm rockets
4907 00 30 00 Banknotes
4907 00 91 00 Signed and numbered
4907 00 99 00 Other
7108 11 00 00 Powder
7108 12 00 00 Other unwrought forms
7108 13 10 00 Bars, rods, wire and sections; plates; sheets and strips of a thickness, excluding any
backing,  exceeding 0,15 mm .
7108 13 30 00 Tubes, pipes and hollow bars
7108 13 50 00 Thin sheets and strips (foil) of a thickness, excluding any backing, not exceeding
0,15 mm
7108 13 90 00 Other
7108 20 00 00 Monetary
7109 00 00 00 Base metals or silver, clad with gold, not further worked than semi-manufactured
7118 10 10 00 Of silver
7118 10 90 00 Other
7118 90 00 00 Other
8401 10 00 00 Nuclear reactors (Euratom)
8401 20 00 00 Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof, (Euratom)WT/ACC/807/12
Page 57
HS Number Description
8401 30 00 00 Fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated (Euratom)
8401 40 10 00 Of open-die forged steel
8401 40 90 00 Other
8710 00 00 00 Tanks and other armoured fighting ve hicles, motorized, whether or not fitted with
weapons, and parts of such vehicles
8906 00 10 00 Warships
9301 00 00 00 Military weapons, other than revolvers, pistols and the arms of heading No 9307
9302 00 10 00 9 mm calibre and higher
9302 00 90 00 Other
9303 10 00 00 Muzzle-loading firearms
9303 20 30 00 Double-barrelled, smooth bore
9302 20 80 00 Other
9302 30 00 00 Other sporting, hunting or target-shooting rifles
9304 00 00 00 Other arms (for example, spring, air or gas guns and pistols, truncheons), excluding
those of heading No 9307
9305 10 00 00 Of revolvers or pistols
9305 21 00 00 Shotgun barrels
9305 29 10 00 Hollow barrels
9305 29 30 00 Roughly shaped gun stock blocks
9305 29 80 00 Other
9305 90 10 00 For military weapons falling within heading No. 9301
9305 90 90 00 Other
9306 10 00 00 Cartridges For riveting or similar tools or for captive-bolt humane killers and parts
thereof
9306 21 00 00 Cartridges
9306 29 40 00 Cases
9306 29 70 00 Other
9306 30 10 00 For revolvers and pistols falling within heading No 9302 and for sub-machine-guns
falling within heading No 9301
9306 30 30 00 For military weapons
9306 30 91 00 Cartridges for center-fire misiles
9306 30 93 00 Rimfire cartridges
9306 30 98 00 Other
9306 90 10 00 For military weapons
9306 90 90 00 Other
9307 00 00 00 Swords, cutlasses, bayonets, lances and similar arms and parts thereof and scabbards
and sheaths thereofWT/ACC/807/12
Page 58
ATTACHMENT 4
List of Products Subject to Licences Issued by the Bureau for Standardization and Metrology
HS Number Description
8413 11 00 00 Pumps for dispensing fuel or lubrican ts, of the type used in  fillin-stations or in
garages
8414 51 10 00 Fans with a self-contained electric motor of an output not exceeding 125W: For
use in civil aircraft
8414 51 90 00 Other table,floor,wall,window or roof fans with a self-contained electric motor o f
an output not exceeding 125W
8418 10 10 00 Combined refrigerator-freezers, fitted with separate external doors: For use in civil
aircraft
8418 10 91 10 Other combined refrigerator-freezers, fitted with separate external doors: Of a
capacity exceeding 340 litres, new
8418 10 99 10 Other combined refrigerator-freezers, fitted with separate external doors: new
8418 21 10 10 Refrigerators, household type: compression type: of a capacity exceeding 340
litres, new
8418 21 51 10 Other refrigerators, household type:Table model, new
8418 21 59 10 Other refrigerators, household type: Building-in type, new
8418 21 91 10 Other refrigerators, household type, compression-type, of a capacity not exceeding
250 litres, new
8418 21 99 10 Other refrigerators, household type, compression-type,of a capacity: Exceeding
250 litres but not exceeding 340 litres, new
8418 22 00 10 Refrigerators, household type, Absorption-type, electrical,new
8418 29 00 10 Otherrefrigerators, household type: new
8418 30 10 00 Freezers of the chest type, not exceeding 800 litres capacity for use in civil aircraft
8418 30 91 10 Other freezers of the chest type, Of a capacity not exceeding 400 litres, new
8418 30 99 10 Other freezers of the chest type, Of a capacity exceeding 400 litres but not
exceeding 800 litres capacity, new
8418 40 10 00 Freezers of the rupright type, not exceeding 900 litres capacity:For use in civil
aircraft
8418 40 91 10 Other freezers of the rupright type, Of a capacity not exceeding 250 litres, new
8418 40 99 10 Other freezers of the rupright type, Of a capacity exceeding 250 litres but not
exceeding 900 litres, new
8418 50 11 10 Other refrigerating or freezing chests: show-cases and counters for frozen food
storage, new
8418 50 19 10 Other refrigerating or freezing chests,show-cases and counters, new
8418 50 90 10 Other refrigerating furniture, new
8422 11 00 00 Dish washing machines: Of the household type
8422 30 00 00 Machinery for filling,closing,sealing,or labelling bottles,cans
8423 10 10 00 Personal weighing machines,i ncluding baby scales: Household scales
8423 10 90 00 Other personal weighing machines ,including baby scales; household scales
8423 20 00 00 Scales for continuous weighing of goods on conveyors
8423 30 00 00 Constant weight scales and scales for discharging a predetermined weight o f
material into a bag or container
8423 81 10 00 Other weighing machinery having a max. capacity not exceeding 30 kg:check
weighers and automatic control …..
8423 81 30 00 Machinery for weighing and labelling pre-packaged goods
8423 81 50 00 Shop-scales
8423 81 90 00 Other weighing machinery having  a max. capacity not exceeding 30 kg: OtherWT/ACC/807/12
Page 59
HS Number Description
8423 82 10 00 Having a max. weighing capacity exceeding 30kg but not exceeding 5
000kg:Check weighers and automatic control. .
8423 82 90 00 Other having a max. weighing capacity exceeding 30kg but not exceeding 5 000kg
8423 89 10 00 Other weighing machinery: Weighbridges
8423 89 90 00 Other weighing machinery: Other
8423 90 00 00 Weighing machine weights of all kinds; parts of weighing machinery
8450 11 11 00 Laundry-type washing machines, fully automatic,each of dry linen capacity not
exceeding 6 kg: Front-loading machines
8450 11 19 00 Laundry-type washing machines,fully automatic,each of dry linen capacity not
exceeding 6 kg: Top-loading machines
8450 11 90 00 Laundry-type washing machines,fully automatic,each of dry linen capacity > 6kg
> 10 kg
8450 12 00 00 Other machines, with built-in centrifugal drier
8450 19 00 00 Other machines,each of dry linen capacity not exceeding10 kg
8451 21 10 00 Drying machines each of a dry linen capacity not exceeding 6 kg
8451 21 90 00 Drying machines each of a dry linen capacity exceeding 6 kg but not exceeding 10
kg
8451 30 10 00 Ironing machines and presses(including fusing presses): Electrically heated, of a
power not exceeding 2 500 W
8451 30 80 00 Other ironing machines and presses(including fusing presses)
8452 10 00 00 Sewing machines of the household type
8470 21 00 00 Electronic calculators capable of operation without an exter-nal source of electric
power: Incorporating a printing device
8470 29 00 00 Other electronic calculators capable of operation without an external source o f
electric power
8470 30 00 00 Other calculating machines
8470 50 00 00 Cash registers
8471 10 10 00 Analogue or hybrid automatic data-processing machines: For use in civil aircraft
8471 10 90 00 Other analogue or hybrid automatic data-processing machines
8471 30 00 00 Portable digital automatic data-processing machines, weighing not more than 10
kg
8471 41 10 00 Other digital automatic data-processing machines:For use in civil aircraft
8471 41 90 00 Other digital automatic data-processing machines: Other
8471 49 10 00 Other digital automati data-processing machines,presented in the form of system:
For use in civil aircraft
8471 49 90 00 Other digital automati data-processing machines,presented in the form of system:
Other
8471 50 10 00 Digital processing unit other than those of subheadings No 847141 and 8471 49:
For use in civil aircraft
8471 50 90 00 Other digital processing unit other than those of subheadings No 847141 and 8471
49
8471 60 10 00 Input or output units, whether or not ocntaining storage units in the same housing:
For use in civil aircraft
8471 60 40 00 Other Input or output units, Printers
8471 60 50 00 Other Input or output units, Keyboards
8471 60 90 00 Other Input or output units: Other, other
8471 70 10 00 Storage units: For use in civil aircraft
8471 70 40 00 Other Storage units:Central storage units
8471 70 51 00 Other Storage units:Disc storage units: Optical, including magneto-optical
8471 70 53 00 Hard disk drivesWT/ACC/807/12
Page 60
HS Number Description
8471 70 59 00 OtherDisc storage units: Other
8471 70 60 00 Magnetic tape storage units
8471 70 90 00 OtherDisc storage units: Other
8471 80 10 00 Other units of automatic data-processing machines: Peripheral
8471 80 90 00 Other units of automatic data-processing machines: Other
8471 90 00 00 Other automatic data-procesing machines and units thereof
8476 21 00 00 Automatic beverage-vending machines:Incorporating heating or refrigerating
devices
8476 81 00 00 Other automatic goods-vending machines incorporating heating or refrigerating
devices
8504 31 31 00 Measuring transformers for voltage measurement
8504 31 39 00 Measuring transformers, other
8504 32 30 00 Measuring transformers,> 1 kVA -16 kVA
8508 10 10 00 Drills of all kinds, contained electric motor, without an external source of power
8508 10 91 00 Drills of all kinds, electropneumatic
8508 10 99 00 Drills of all kinds, contained electric motor, without an external source of power,
other
8508 20 10 00 Chainsaws, contained electric motor
8508 20 30 00 Circular saws, contained electric motor
8508 20 90 00 Saws, contained electric motor, other
8508 80 10 00 Other tools, with electric motor, of a kind used for working textile materials
8508 80 30 00 Capable of operation without an external source of power
8508 80 51 00 Angle grinders with electric motor
8508 80 53 00 Belt sanders with electric motor
8508 80 59 00 Grinders and sanders, other
8508 80 70 00 Planers, with electric motor
8508 80 80 00 Hedge trimmers and lawn edge cutters with electric motor
8508 80 90 00 Other tools, with electric motor, other
8509 10 10 00 Vacuum cleaners for a voltage of 110 V or more
8509 10 90 00 Vacuum cleaners for a voltage of less than 110 V
8509 20 00 00 Floor polisherswith electric motor
8509 30 00 00 Kitchen waste disposers with electric motor
8509 40 00 00 Food grinders and mixers; fruit or vegetable uice extractors, with electric motor
8509 80 00 00 Other domestic appliances with electric motor
8510 10 00 00 Shaverswith electric motor
8510 20 00 00 Hair clipperswith electric motor
8510 30 00 00 Hair-removing appliances with electric motor
8515 11 00 00 Electric soldering irons and guns
8515 19 00 00 Brazing or soldering machines and apparatus, other
8515 31 00 00 Fully or partly automaticmachines and apparatus for arc welding of metal
8515 39 10 00 For manual welding with coated electrodes, complete with welding or cutting
devices
8515 39 90 00 Other machines and apparatus for arc welding of metal
8516 10 11 00 Instantaneous water heaters
8516 10 19 00 Water heaters, other
8516 10 90 00 Immercion heaters
8516 21 00 00 Storage heating radiators
8516 29 10 00 Electric space-heating liquid-filled radiators
8516 29 50 00 Electric space-heating,convection heatersWT/ACC/807/12
Page 61
HS Number Description
8516 29 91 00 Electric space-heating apparatus with built-in fan
8516 29 99 00 Other electric space-heating apparatus
8516 31 10 00 Drying hoods
8516 31 90 00 Hair dryers, other
8516 32 00 00 Other hair-dressing apparatus
8516 33 00 00 Hand-drying apparatus
8516 40 10 00 Steam smoothing irons
8516 40 90 00 Electric smoothing irons, other
8516 50 00 00 Microwave ovens
8516 60 10 00 Cookers (incorporating at least an oven and a hob)
8516 60 51 00 Hobs for building-in
8516 60 59 00 Cooking plates, boiling rings and hobs, other
8516 60 70 00 Grillers and roasters
8516 60 80 00 Ovens for building-in
8516 60 90 00 Other ovens; cookers, cooking plates, boiling rings; grillers and roasters, other
8516 71 00 00 Coffee or tea makers appliances
8516 72 00 00 Toasters
8516 79 10 00 Plate warmers
8516 79 20 00 Deep fat fryers
8516 79 80 00 Other electro-thermic appliances, other
8516 80 10 00 Electric heating resistors for anti-icing or de-icing, for use in civil aircraft
8516 80 90 00 Electric heating resistors, other
8517 11 00 00 Line telephone sets with cordless handsets
8517 19 10 00 Videophones
8517 19 90 00 Other telephone sets
8517 21 00 00 Facsimile machines
8517 30 00 00 Telephonic or telegraphic switching apparatus
8519 10 00 00 Coin- or disc-operated record-players
8519 21 00 00 Other record-players without loudspeaker
8519 29 00 00 Other record-players
8519 31 00 00 Turntables (record-decks) with automatic record-changing mechanism
8519 39 00 00 Turntables (record-decks), other
8519 40 00 00 Transcribing machines
8519 92 00 00 Other sound reproducing apparatus pocket-size cassette-players
8519 93 30 00 Cassette-type sound reproducing apparatus for used in motor vehicles
8519 93 80 00 Other, cassette-type
8519 99 10 00 Other sound reproducing apparatus with laser reading system
8519 99 90 00 Other sound reproducing apparatus, other
8520 10 00 00 Dictating machines not capable of operating without an external source of power
8520 20 00 00 Telephone answering machines
8520 32 00 00 Digital audio type
8520 33 00 00 Other magnetic tape recorders, cassette-type
8520 39 00 00 Othermagnetic tape recorders with sound reproducing apparatus
8520 90 10 00 Other magnetic tape recorders for use in civil aircraft
8520 90 90 00 Other magnetic tape recorders and other sound reproducing apparatus, other
8521 10 10 00 Video recording or reproducing apparatus magnetic tape-type for civil aircraft
8521 10 90 10 Video recording or reproducing apparatus magnetic tape-type, other, new
8521 90 00 10 Video recording or reproducing apparatus, other, newWT/ACC/807/12
Page 62
HS Number Description
8525 20 91 00 Radio-telegraphic or radio-telephonic apparatus for cellular networks (mobile
telephones)
8527 21 10 00 Radio-broadcast receivers with laser sound reading system
8527 21 90 00 Radio-broadcast receivers combined with sound recording or reproducing
apparatus, other
8527 29 00 00 Radio-broadcast receivers not capable of operating without an external source,
other
8527 90 10 00 Other apparatus for radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy, for use in civil aircraft
8527 90 91 00 Portable receivers for calling or paging
8527 90 99 00 Other apparatus for radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy, other
8528 12 52 10 Television projection equipment colour,with dijagonal not exceeding 42 cm, new
8528 12 54 10 Television projection equipment colour, with dijagonal >42 cm - 52 cm, new
8528 12 56 10 Television projection equipment colour, with dijagonal > 52 cm - 72 cm, new
8528 12 58 10 Television projection equipment, colour, with dijagonal> 72 cm , new
8528 13 00 10 Television projection equipment, black and white or other monochrome, new
8528 21 00 10 Video monitors, colour, new
8528 22 00 10 Video monitors, black and white or other monochrome, new
8528 30 00 10 Video projectors,new
8529 10 10 00 Aerials and aerial reflectors of all kinds for use in civil aircraft
8529 10 20 00 Telescopic and whip-type Aerials for portable apparatus or for app. for fitting in
motor vehicles
8529 10 31 00 Outside Aerials for radio or television broadcast receivers for reception via
satellite
8529 10 39 00 Outside Aerials for radio or television broadcast receivers, other
8529 10 40 00 Inside aerials for radio or television broadcast receivers, including built-in types
8529 10 50 00 Aerials, other
8529 10 70 00 Aerial filters and separators
8529 10 90 00 Aerials and aerial reflectors of all kinds, other
8536 61 10 00 Edison lamp-holders
8536 61 90 00 Other lamp-holders
9007 11 00 00 Cameras for film of less than 16 mm width or for double-8 mm film
9007 19 00 00 Other cinematographic cameras
9007 20 00 00 Projectors
9009 11 00 00 Electrostatic photocopying apparatus, operating by reproducing the original
Image, direct process
9009 12 00 00 Electrostatic photocopying apparatus operating by reproducing the original Image,
indirect process
9009 21 00 00 Other photocopying apparatus incorporating an optical system
9009 22 10 00 Blueprinters and diazocopiers
9009 22 90 00 Other photocopying apparatus of the contact type
9009 30 00 00 Thermo-copying apparatus
9015 10 10 00 Rangefinders, electronic
9015 10 90 00 Other rangefinders
9015 20 10 00 Theodolites and tacheometers, electronic
9015 20 90 00 Other theodolites and tacheometers
9015 30 10 00 Levels, electronic
9015 30 90 00 Other levels
9015 40 10 00 Photogrammetrical, surveying instruments and appliances, electronic
9015 40 90 00 Other photogrammetrical, surveying instruments and appliancesWT/ACC/807/12
Page 63
HS Number Description
9015 80 11 00 Electronic meteorological, hydr ological and geophysical instruments and
apparatus
9015 80 19 00 Other instruments, appliances surveying, electronic
9015 80 91 00 Instruments,appliances used in geodesy, topogr., surveying/ levelling; hydrograph.
instrum.
9015 80 93 00 Meteorological, hydrological and geophysical instruments and apparatus
9015 80 99 00 Other instruments, appliances surveying, other
9015 90 00 00 Parts and accessories for surveying instruments and appliances
9016 00 10 00 Balances
9016 00 90 00 Parts and accessories for balances of a sensitivity of 5 cg
9017 30 10 00 Micrometers and callipers
9017 30 90 00 Other (excluding gauges without adjustable devices of heading No 9031)
9017 80 10 00 Measuring rods and tapes and divided scales
9017 80 90 00 Other instruments drawing, marking- out or mathematical calculating instruments
9018 31 10 00 Syringes with or without needles of plastics
9018 31 90 00 Syringes with or without needles, other
9018 90 10 00 Instruments and apparatus for measuring blood-pressure
9024 10 10 00 Electronicmachines and appliances for testing metals
9024 10 91 00 Machines and appliances for testing metals,universal or for tensile tests
9024 10 93 00 Machines and appliances for testing metals for hardness tests
9024 10 99 00 Other machines and appliances for testing metals
9024 80 10 00 Other machines and appliances for testing materials, electronic
9024 80 91 00 Other machines and appliances for testing textiles, paper or paperboard
9024 80 99 00 Other machines and appliances for for testing materials, other
9024 90 00 00 Parts and accessories of machines and appliances for testing materials
9025 11 10 00 Thermometers and pyrometers, liquid-filled, for direct reading for use in civil
aircraft
9025 11 91 00 Clinical or veterinary thermometers, liquid-filled
9025 11 99 00 Other, thermometers and pyrometers, liquid-filled
9025 19 10 00 Thermometers and pyrometers, for use in civil aircraft
9025 19 91 00 Other thermometers and pyrometers, electronic
9025 19 99 00 Other thermometers and pyrometers, other
9025 80 15 00 Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, for use in civil aircraft
9025 80 20 00 Barometers, not combined with other instruments
9025 80 91 00 Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, electronic
9025 80 99 00 Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, other
9025 90 10 00 Parts and accessories of hydrometers and similar floating instruments, for use in
civil aircraft
9025 90 90 00 Parts and accessories of hydrometers and similar floating instruments, other
9026 10 10 00 Instruments /apparatus for measuring /checking the flow or level of liquids for use
in civil aircraft
9026 10 51 00 Electronic flow meters
9026 10 59 00 Other electronic instruments and apparatus for measuring /checking the flow or
level of liquids
9026 10 91 00 Other instruments and apparatus for flow meters
9026 10 99 00 Other instruments and apparatus for measuring /checking the flow or level o f
liquids, other
9026 20 10 00 Instruments /apparatus for measuring or checking pressure, for use in civil aircraft
9026 20 30 00 Electronic instruments /apparatus for measuring or checking pressure
9026 20 51 00 Appliances for measuring and non-automatically regulating tyre pressureWT/ACC/807/12
Page 64
HS Number Description
9026 20 59 00 Other spiral /metal diaphragm type pressure gauges
9026 20 90 00 Other instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking pressure, other
9026 80 10 00 Other instruments or apparatus for measuring variables of liquids or gases, use in
civil aircraft
9026 80 91 00 Other instruments or apparatus for measuring variables of liquids or gases,
electronic
9026 80 99 00 Other instruments or apparatus for measuring variables of liquids or gases, other
9027 10 10 00 Electronic gas or smoke analysis apparatus
9027 10 90 00 Other gas or smoke analysis apparatus
9027 20 10 00 Chromatographs
9027 20 90 00 Electrophoresis instruments
9027 30 00 00 Spectrometers, spectrophotomet., spectrographs using optical radiations (UV,
visible, IR)
9027 40 00 00 Exposure meters
9027 80 11 00 Electronic pH meters, rH meters and other apparatus or measuring conductivity
9027 80 91 00 Viscometers, porosimeters and expansion meters
9027 80 98 00 Other instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis, other
9028 10 00 00 Gas meters
9028 20 00 00 Liquid meters
9028 30 11 00 Electricity meters for alternating current for single-phase
9028 30 19 00 Electricity meters for alternating current for for multi-phase
9028 30 90 00 Electricity meters, other
9029 10 10 00 Electric or electronic revolution counters, for use in civil aircraft
9029 10 90 00 Other revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, milometers,
pedometers
9029 20 31 00 Speed indicators for vehicles
9029 20 39 00 Other peed indicators and tachometers
9030 10 10 00 Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations for use in
civil aircraft
9030 10 90 00 Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations, other
9030 20 10 00 Cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs for use in civil aircraft
9030 20 90 00 Cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs, other
9030 31 10 00 Multimeters, without a recording device for use in civil aircraft
9030 31 90 00 Multimeters, without a recording device, other
9030 39 10 00 Other instruments/apparatus, for measuring or checking electrical quantities, for
civil aircraft
9030 39 30 00 Other instruments/apparatus, for measuring or checking electrical quantities,
electronic
9030 39 91 00 Voltmeters
9030 39 99 00 Other instruments/apparatus, for measuring or checking electrical quantities, other
9030 40 10 00 Instruments, apparatus, specially designed for telecommunicationsfor use in civil
aircraft
9030 40 90 00 Instruments, apparatus, specially designed for telecommunications, other
9030 83 10 00 Other instruments,apparat. for meas./checking electr.quantities, with a
record.device for civil aircraft
9030 83 90 00 Other instruments,apparatus for meas.or checking electrical quantities, with a
recording device, other
9030 89 10 00 Other instruments, apparatusfor measuring or checking electrical quantities,for use
in civil aircraftWT/ACC/807/12
Page 65
HS Number Description
9030 89 92 00 Other instruments, apparatus,for measuring or checking electrical quantities,
electronic
9030 89 99 00 Other instruments, apparatus, for measuring or checking electrical quantities, other
9031 80 10 00 Other instruments, appliances and machines for use in civil aircraft
9031 80 31 00 Electronic instruments, appliances for measuring or checking geometrical
quantities
9031 80 39 00 Electronic instruments, appliances,other
9031 80 50 00 Other instruments, appliances for measuring or checking geometrical quantities
9031 80 99 00 Other instruments, appliances, other
9101 91 00 10 Stop watches, with case of precious metal,electrically operated
9101 99 00 10 Other personal watches, with case of precious metal,stop watches
9102 91 00 10 Stop watches, electrically operated
9102 99 00 10 Other, stop watches
9106 10 00 00 Time-registers; time-recorders
9106 20 00 00 Parking meters
9106 90 10 00 Process-timers, stop-clocks and the like
9106 90 90 00 Other apparatus for measuring, recording or otherwise indicating intervals of time,
other
9107 00 00 00 Time switches, with clock or wa tch movement or with synchronous motor
__________