WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONIP/C/W/388/Add.6
13 February 2003
(03-0938)
Council for Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property RightsOriginal:  English
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 66.2 OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT:
INFORMATION FROM DEVELOPED COUNTRY MEMBERS
Addendum
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND THEIR MEMBER STATES
The present document reproduces the information on the European Communities and their
member States' implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, which has been received
from the Permanent Delegation of the European Commission by means of a communication dated27 November 2002.
____________
GENERAL REMARKS
This document is circulated in accordance with the Decision of the Ministerial Conference,
dated 14 November 2001, regarding implementation-related issues and concerns.  According to
paragraph 11.2 of the Decision, developed country Members committed themselves to submit, prior to
the end of 2002, detailed reports on the functioning in practice of the incentives provided to their
enterprises for the transfer of technology to least-developed country Members in pursuance of their
commitments under Article 66.2.
This cover note is followed by a series of forms presenting the existing incentives to
technology transfer.  In the European Communities (EC), these are given both at Communities' level
and by member States.  In view of this, the notificatio n is divided into two parts.  The first part of the
notification deals with incentives given by the European Communities;  the second part coversincentives given by individual member States (Aus tria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands,
Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom).  Further information on the initiatives taken by the
remaining member States of the EC will be distributed as supplements to this document.
SCOPE AND NATURE OF INFORMATION PROVIDED
Technology transfer refers here to the ways and means through which companies and
organizations acquire technology from foreign sources.  There are several types of technologies as
well as several channels of transmission.  Indeed, the acquisition by least-developed countries (LDCs)
of a sound and viable technological base does not depend solely on the provision of physical objects
or equipment, but also on the acquisition of know-how, on management and production skills, as wellas on improved access to knowledge sources.
It is clear that the private - and particularly the commercial - sector is nowadays the main
source of technologies and, in this context, technology transfer is often one component of a more
complex project, rather than a stand-alone activity.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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A privileged channel for technology transfer, including transfer of know-how, is foreign
direct investment (FDI);  joint research projects between private and/or public partners are also
important in helping LDCs to benefit from technologies and adapt them to their specific needs;
access to the right partners, to information and to expertise are key at all stages.
In their efforts to encourage and promot e technology transfer, developed country
governments are usually limited by two factors:  (1) they do not own the vast majority of such
technologies;  (2) they cannot force the private sector to transfer its technologies.
Incentives can therefore only take the form of encouragement, promotion and facilitation of
the (potentially) most fruitful projects.  They shall be part of a global and comprehensive approach of
development.
Against this background, the European Communities consider that relevant incentives can be
identified as those that:
Objective 1:  promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising,
sub-contracting, etc.
Objective 2:  improve access to available techniques and industrial processes;
Objective 3:  support joint research projects;
Objective 4:  provide training in technology management and production methods;
Objective 5:  more indirectly, improve the absorption capacity of LDCs (capacity building).
The attached forms illustrate the efforts made  by the European Communities to promote and
encourage technology transfer.  They describe only incentives that have a strong link with at least one
of the aforementioned objectives and, with a few exceptions, which concentrate on European
enterprises and institutions.
In addition, most countries and regions benefit from allocations for private sector
development included in their national or regional co-operation programmes.
Finally, it should be borne in mind that no technology transfer programme is specifically
dedicated to least-developed countries as such.  The European Communities initiatives are usually
specific to countries/groups of countries/regions, since the European Communities strongly supportregional integration, which fosters better understanding and political and economic links between
neighbouring countries.  However, the European Communities approach to the allocation of aid and
incentives pays particular attention to the situation of the least-developed and other low income
countries.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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DESCRIPTIVE FORMS
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIESIP/C/W/388/Add.6
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EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  INCO  (RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT )
• General Description:
International co-operation in the field of research and technological development (RTD) is
pursued under the European Communities Framework Programme for research, technological
development and demonstration , through two complementary routes:
− an international co-operation dimension integral to each specific programme, which allows
the participation of third country's partners in the projects;
− INCO, a dedicated co-operation programme which focuses on specific RTD activities
relevant to certain third countries or regions and not addressed by other programmes of the
Framework Programme.
One of the objectives of the International Cooperation Programme (INCO) is to enable
developing countries, including the least developed ones, to be associated with the generation of
knowledge and innovative and appropriate technologies needed to solve their specific problems and toattain sustainable economic development.
The programme brings together North-South consortia of scientists from several countries (at
least 2+2) to develop new knowledge and tools and to analyse processes which can lead to policy
formulation addressing underlying causes of pr oblems in the fields of health promotion,
environmental management, education and learning, conservation, etc.
The programme's major asset is the added value and cost-effectiveness that joint research
projects can generate by exploiting the resources and scientific excellence of the partners, funding
new research, exchanging know-how and transferring technologies, providing on-the-job-training andwork experience.  It also focuses on how internati onal research co-operation can help stimulate socio-
economic development and global competitiveness.  The research consortia are entitled to generate
jointly new IP and share under equal terms the applications.  Many patent applications associate
partners from North and South.
INCO is based on the principle of mutual benefit and mutual respect, with all activities
underpinned by two basic rules.
1. Constructive dialogue between the EU and its partner countries and regions as essential in
identifying priority areas.  A pre-condition for this is a basic recognition of the socio-cultural
approach of each partner country.
2. Close co-operation and equal distribution of research responsibilities is key to successful
research.
INCO projects also provide training for young scientists from developing countries.  The next
(sixth) Framework Programme will offer them an enlarged mobility scheme.
• Beneficiary Countries:
ACP Countries (African, Caribbean, Pacific), Asia and Latin America.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote joint sharing of R&D costs, and to support prospective activities and
the identification of partners (workshops, meetings, travel grants in contracts).
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes (in particular:
better access to  legal and technological information sources and training in the state of the
art).
Objective 3:  to support joint research projects between private and/or public partners.
Objective 4:  to provide training in t echnology management and production methods,
especially in the agricultural field.
Objective 5:  capacity building.
• Detailed Description:
The current INCO Programme aims particularly at global development, such as stemming
desertification enabling food security, reducing the impact of food production practices on land and
water environments, and promoting better health and health care for all.  The research priorities coverknowledge, technologies and policy for sustainable development.  Other specific themes include safe
water for all, protection of vegetation and waterways, integrated management of water resources,
livestock health, food security, sustainable agricultural production and fighting neglected infectious
diseases (e.g. sleeping sickness;  in addition to INCO efforts, the European Communities launched a
major effort on clinical trials for new interventions against malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS).
Successive programmes have encouraged scientists to set up networks within and between
continents and thus place their collaboration on a permanent and equal footing.  The results have been
tangible for developing countries.  They have also added value to the Community research base, while
European research is now more appreciated and more accessible in the developing countries.
INCO specific activities for DEC are endowed with €140 million over the period 2002-2006,
equivalent to 20% of the total funding allocated to International Scientific and Technological
Co-operation in the sixth Framework Programme.  Non earmarked component of €285 million is at
the disposal of DEC researchers to integrate EC-based integrated research projects and networks ofexcellence.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
-Fighting parasitic disease:  Schistosomiasis or bilharzia is a parasitic disease affecting about
200 million people in tropical and sub-tropical countries.  Treatment is almost solely via a
single drug called Praziquantel.  INCO funded six European and nine African scientific and
medical organizations to examine various issues relating to the use of the drug and the
disease's resistance to it.  Reference centres have been set up in Africa where staff has been
trained to monitor drug resistance.  The broad range of data collected - from dosages to side-
effects - is helping national health authorities use Praziquantel more effectively and
efficiently.
- Improving the quality and nutritional status of "gari" through the use of starter cultures and
fortification with soybean, palm oil and coconut milk (September 2002-August 2005):  Gari is
a traditional fermented cassava-based staple food produced by natural solid-state fermentation
(SSF) and it is the main energy source for many people in West Africa.  However, cassava
contains very low levels of protein.  The objectiv e of this project is to improve the nutritionalIP/C/W/388/Add.6
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quality of gari by fortification with soybeans and palm oil (in West Africa) and coconut milk
(in East Africa), using a specially formulated starter culture.  The technology developed will
be disseminated through women' s production ne tworks, assisted with business development
support.
• Contact and Information:
Point of contact in the European Commission's Research DG for INCO is:
michel.pletschette@cec.eu.int
Further information, news and details of projects can be found at the following INCO pages
on the European Commission's Community Research and Development website.
INCO 1 (1994-1998):  http://www.cordis.lu/inco/home.html
INCO 2 (1998-2002):  http://www.cordis.lu/inco2/home.htmlIP/C/W/388/Add.6
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EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
NAME OF THE PROGRAM /INCENTIVE :  CDE  - CENTRE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISE
• General Description:
The CDE promotes partnerships between ACP and European enterprises, which may take
various forms:  financial, technical or commercial partnership, management contract, licensing or
franchise agreement, subcontract, etc.  It is an institution of the ACP Group of countries and the
European Union in the framework of the Cotonou Agreement.
CDE provides support not only to the creation and the strengthening ACP enterprises, but also
to intermediary institutions (such as trade and/or sectoral associations) and consultancy firms in ACP
Countries, which in turn should be able to provide expertise and advice to local firms.
• Beneficiary Countries:
ACP countries.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through support to European and third country firms (expertise, advice,
contacts, search for technology, etc.).
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes through a
better access to legal and technological information sources and training in the state of the art.
Objective 4:  to provide training in t echnology management and production methods.
Objective 5:  capacity building (through the support to intermediary organizations and
consultancy firms).
• Detailed Description:
1. Support to ACP SMEs in the formal sector
1.1. Direct assistance:
The CDE lends supports for the design of projects (creation and development phase) and the
search for financial and technical partners, particularly in the EU Member States.  To this end, the
CDE provides for two facilities:
CDE Development Facility  - For enterprise creation, extension and development.  This
assistance covers the following stages:
- project definition;
- pre-feasibility, feasibility, market studies;
- search for technologies and partners;
- financial engineering;
- assistance in legal issues and project development;IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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- quality and environmental studies.
CDE Assistance Facility - Longer-term support to the following operations:
- start-up and technical assistance;
- staff training;
- diagnosis and audits (technical, financial, management);
- management, marketing assistance;
- restructuring assistance;
- integration into national and regional networks and trade associations;
- promotion of quality, labelling, standardisation and environmental protection.
1.2. Studies and information:  provision of consultancy services
1.3. Individual or collective meetings
Holding national and regional technical or sectoral meetings - workshops, trade fairs,
manufacturers' task forces, trade meetings, promotion campaigns – on the national and regional level.
The CDE also shares its experience by providing technical documentation and information:
- guides and series on technology (a list is featured on the website);
- online newsletter;
- permanent link between companie s benefiting from CDE's support.
The CDE's financial aid allocations may offer:
- up to 2/3 of the total assistance being sought;
- an annual sum per company that may be up to €100,000;
- the potential for accumulating successive operations equals up to 20% of the assets or
annual turnover.
2. Support to Intermediary ACP Organizations
Together with the PRO€INVEST programme, the CDE provides support to such
organizations through:
- assistance in self-management;
- promotion of contacts and partnership between European and ACP intermediary
organizations;
- technical assistance to set up their own aid programmes for member enterprises
The CDE contribution is considered on a case-by-case basis and invariably involves a
contribution from the relevant organization.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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3. Consultants and consultancy firms
The CDE supports:
- specific training for consultants who are supposed to assess and prepare projects for
ACP enterprises;
- additional training in consultancy techniques;
- contacts with other consultancy firms.
The CDE contribution may be:
- up to 2/3 of the total cost per operation;
- limited to €50,000 per year.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
Technical and commercial support and a transfer of know-how :  Dominican Pottery
This San Pedro de Macoris-based company uses only local clays to make fired products for
export.  As they each have different characteristics, the use of three basic clays in the manufacturing
process creates technical problems, and by extension, difficulties in trying to maximise production.
The CDE supported the involvement of an expert to advise and provide solutions about staff
qualifications, restructuring, the use of more suitable equipment to crush operations and improve
maintenance procedures.  These contributions enabled the production treatment time to be reduced by
one-third and savings to be made on the equipment that was supposed to be replaced, thereby
reducing investment costs.
An expert from the Centre provided advice on how to improve the clay processing monitoring
systems.  This led to a reduction in the amount of clay lost in the production units.  Recommendations
of the CDE expert about clay mixing, baking process and stove specifications reduced losses at the
baking stage from 45% to 3%.  A CDE expert trained the enterprise's engineers to repair, adjust andpolish moulds.  The production losses were significantly reduced and staff is now able to make new
moulds and repair existing moulds in accordance with international standards.
• Contact and Information:
How to get in touch with the CDE:
- directly at its Brussels headquarters:
CDE, Avenue Herrmann Debroux 52
B1160 Brussels
Belgium
Phone:  (+32 2 679 18 11)
Fax:  (+32 2 675 19 03)
E-mail:  (info@cde.int)
- via its decentralised management units;IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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- through its network in the ACP countries and European Union countries;
- through bilateral and multilateral or local financial agencies
The addresses of these contacts, plus a simplified online form to apply for assistance are
available on the CDE website:  http://www.cdi.be.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  PRO€INVEST
• General Description:
PRO €INVEST is a new EU-ACP (Africa, Caribbean and Pacific) partnership programme
developed and undertaken by the European Commission on behalf of the ACP countries.  Its objective
is to promote investment and technology flows to  enterprises operating in key sectors in the ACP
States.
Indeed, Private sector enterprises and intermediary organizations in the ACP countries are
working together in a difficult context, worsened by  the remoteness of the main markets and a lack of
technical know-how.  Continuing uncertainty or instability in their legal, economic, technical,financial and social environments adds to the difficulties experienced by these countries in their
attempts to attract investors and therefore revitalise their economies and enterprises.  In order to
overcome these obstacles and also to reinforce existing initiatives, it is necessary both to improve the
investment environment and to strengthen those intermediary organizations that provide advice,
information and support to ACP enterprises in many areas and at different stages of their business life.
PRO €INVEST, which has a budget  of €110 million over a period of seven years, is financed
by the European Development Fund (EDF).  Its appr oach is two-dimensional:  to support intermediary
organizations and professional associations and to develop inter-enterprise partnerships.
• Beneficiary Countries:
ACP Countries.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through support to third country firms (studies, advice, contacts, etc.).
The programme can also participate in the legal, technical, commercial and financial
implementation of projects.
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes:  access to
legal and technological information sources, identification of technology and partners,
creation of information sources.
Objective 5:  capacity building of the private sector (intermediary organizations, associations
of consultants).
• Detailed Description:  A Two-Dimensional Approach:
1. Strengthening the institutional environment for enterprises
PRO €INVEST supports and strengthens the work of professional organizations (namely
chambers of commerce and industry, employers' federations), investment promotion agencies,
financial institutions and consultants' associations whose primary objective is the improvement of the
business environment and the development of enterprises.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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On a cost-sharing basis, these organizations may apply for assistance from PRO €INVEST to
develop and optimise their capacities.  In particular, the proposed programme activities intended for
intermediary organizations include:
- assessing needs of pre-identified intermediary organizations;- prompting or supporting the establishment of dialogue between the private sector and
the national and regional authorities on the elaboration and implementation of
measures to promote investment;
- developing and proposing services adapted to the needs of enterprises in respect of
investment promotion;
- providing technical assistance and funding to support the organization of investment
promotion and partnership initiatives;
- facilitating access to and providing training on the latest information technology and
implementing information management systems for the administration of projects and
business events.
2. Supporting key sectors
The programme facilitates the promotion of investments and the conclusion of partnership
agreements between North-South and South-South enterprises in key economic sectors.
PRO€INVEST devotes resources to the identification of those sectors with the best potential
for ACP development and the creation of partnerships;  through various initiatives it brings potential
partners together and provides follow up support to individual enterprises.
In the field of investment promotion, PRO€INVEST activities include:
- conducting regional strategic surveys to identify key sectors.  These surveys will give
an overview of the business environment, the comparative advantages of key sectors,
the legal, economic, technical, social and financial constraints on investment and
strategies to overcome or reduce the impact of such constraints;
- producing sector and sub-sector surveys which will help identify potential partners
and their technological know-how;
- promoting inter-enterprise co-operation through the organization of partnership
meetings by sector, with the ultimate objective of having Investment and
Inter-enterprise Co-operation Agreements signed.  Proposals will be tailored to the
specific markets;
- providing technical assistance to projects arising from PRO €INVEST partnership
initiatives.
3. How to benefit from PRO €INVEST
On a demand-driven and cost-sharing basis (up to 67% from PRO €INVEST).IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 13
• Contact and Information
PRO €INVEST is being implemented by a management unit within the Centre for the
Development of Enterprise (CDE), under the supervision of the Europe Aid Co-operation Office of
the European Commission.
PRO€INVEST Management Unit
Centre for the Development of Enterprise (CDE)Avenue Herrmann-Debroux 52
1160 Brussels-Belgium
Tel:  + (32 2) 6791850/1
Fax:  + (32 2) 6791870
E-mail:  infos@proinvest-eu.org
Website:  www.proinvest-eu.orgIP/C/W/388/Add.6
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EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  EBAS  (EU-ACP  BUSINESS ASSISTANCE SCHEME )
• General Description:
EBAS intends to increase the competitiveness of the ACP private sector by giving grants to
companies and professional associations towards the use of  business development services;  it
facilitates the access of firms/associations in ACPs to external expertise, in the following fields:
- Production and commercial management;
- Management of information systems;
- Quality improvement and control;
- Operational auditing, health checks;
- Compliance with norms and regulations;
- Setting up of accounting systems;
- Production management;
- Procurement and stock management;
- Packaging, warehousing and shipment marketing;
- Sales promotion and distribution (including website development and e-commerce);
- Reinforcement of market position (including export markets);
- Development of new markets (i ncluding export markets);
- Certification.
Associated activities that can be considered together with any of the above include:
- Human resources development and training;
- Development of Management, IT and communications capabilities.
EBAS was launched in 1999 for an initial three-year period.  Until now, more than
1000 projects were approved, for a total amount of about €20 million  (EC contribution).
• Beneficiary Countries:
ACP Countries.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes, in particular:
access to legal and technological information sources, training in the state of the art, training
in quality control, production management, marketing, e-commerce, etc.
Objective 4:  to provide training in t echnology management and production methods.
Objective 5:  capacity building (improved capacity for intermediary organizations).IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 15
EBAS also provides for matching funds to faci litate the access to external consultants and
experts.
• Detailed Description:  EBAS is made of two sub- programmes:
1. EBAS –Enterprises (884 projects co-financed):
A company or association wishing to improve its performance can apply to EBAS to
co-finance a project that involves consultancy services (the consultant is freely chosen by the
company or association).  After the project has b een completed, EBAS reimburses the applicant for up
to 50% of the costs up to a maximum of €70,000 in the case of companies.  To be eligible for EBAS
assistance, the project must lead to measurable and sustainable benefits in the short term for the
applicant, equivalent to at least three times the total cost of the project.  The applicant must fund at
least 50% of the costs of the project if it is a company, 33% if it is an association.  Once a project is
successfully completed, the beneficiary can make a new application although companies cannotreceive grants totalling more than €70,000.
2. EBAS-Capacity building (136 projects co-financed):
EBAS works with intermediary organizations (IO) such as chambers of commerce,
investment promotion agencies, professional associations, women entrepreneur associations, and co-operatives.  These organizations are a vital partner for EBAS as they provide a direct channel through
which the wider private sector can be reached via a single project.  The expected impacts of projects
could be an increase in the type and quality of services offered to members, a rise in membership or a
rise in turnover of members as a result of the improved support they have received from the IO.
EBAS capacity building for IO is provided on th e same basis as EBAS support for enterprises,
delivering support by means of a grant to co-finance the use of external consultancy services.
• Examples of implemented/ongoing projects:
Analysis by type of consulting services
€ Number of projects
Marketing, sales, e-commerce 2.523.791 149
Quality control 1.324.185 71
Certification 2.451.506 134
Product development 1.418.249 67
Production management 2.089.937 106
Procurement, Stock control 280.424 14
Packaging, transport 40.947 2
Maintenance, Admin., O&M, Cost reduction 5.196.042 250
Financial restructuring 527.430 26
Training 1.971.738 99
Other 889.693 33
Capacity Building 3.244.591 69
Total 21.958.534 1020IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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Analysis by sector of activity
€ Number of projects
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing 1.967.061 73
Construction, building 555.374 32
Education 203.621 11
Energy 232.855 8
Environment 29.967 3
Health 277.305 18
Industry, manufacturing, mining 8.065.764 394
Industrial services 771.660 43
Non-industrial, consumer services 1.539.615 75
Population 0 0
Professional services 5.809.573 261
Tourism 1.933.745 78
Transport 368.028 18
Urban development 129.996 4
Water supply 73.970 2
Total 21.958.534 1020
Analysis of industrial/manufacturing sub-sector
€ Number of projects
All sub-sectors without distinction 657.975 18
Agri-food, fish products 2.244.922 111
Art, crafts 147.328 11
Boat building, naval repairs, maintenance 20.191 1
Brewing, beverages, bottling 494.752 18
Building materials, 292.374 10
Chemicals, pharmaceuticals 589.579 30
Electric, electronic equipment 306.565 16
Leather goods, shoes 58.294 8
Metallurgical products 491.573 24
Mining, beneficiation, extraction 0 0
Motor vehicles, machinery 74.687 4
N-motor equipment, bicycles, implements 49.909 2
Printing, publications 379.536 27
Quarrying, beneficiation, dimension stone 0 0
Rubber, plastic, glass products 278.529 20
Textiles, garments 1.256.914 55
Soap, detergents, cleaning, cosmetics 257.017 11
Wood processing, furniture 390.420 25
Tobacco, spirits 75.200 3
Total 8.065.764 394
• Example of implemented/ongoing project:
ANBA Chemicals is a locally owned business that manufactures and sells cleaning detergents
in Francistown, Botswana, for sale on the local ma rket.  By producing its own brand products the
company is able to sell at a lower price than co mpetitors who simply import South African goods for
sale.  The company is young and dynamic and had identified several areas in its operations where
there was room for improvements that would stimul ate future growth.  ANBA contacted EBAS with aIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 17
plan for a project to reorganise their workplace, train workers and design new marketing tools,
making use of the expertise of an external c onsultant to do so.  The European Commission duly
approved this, the project was successfully implemented and the EBAS grant paid to the company.
The results have been impressive with efficiency ga ins reflected in a 10% fall in costs.  The success of
this project has led the company on to make further improvements which have resulted in certification
by the South African Bureau of Standards, the quadrupling of its product range, and the development
of AIDS and environment policies.  In addition, the increase in production has enabled the negotiation
of more favourable deals with suppliers, and the employment of 10 new staff members.  The company
is now continuing on its upward path and working towards ISO certification.
• Contact and information:
Several EBAS Offices has been created in the ACP region.  Their role is to promote EBAS,
assist companies and associations to make applications, analyse applications, monitor the progress ofprojects, check payment requests and evaluate the impact of projects.
All addresses are available at:  http://www.ebas.orgIP/C/W/388/Add.6
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EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  ASIA – INVEST
• General Description:
Asia-Invest promotes and supports business co-operation between the European Union and
Asia.  The programme provides assistance to intermediary organizations to facilitate mutually
beneficial partnerships, and opportunities for co-operation agreements between companies, in
particular small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in the EU and South and South-East Asia and
China, as well as to strengthen framework conditions  to increase trade and investment flows between
the two regions.  The programme has operated for five years, and is preparing for another five-year
period 2003-2007, with a budget for project funding of €35 million.
• Beneficiary Countries:
The Asia-Invest programme is open to non-profit intermediary organizations (Chambers of
commerce and professional business associations) from the EU Member States and 18 participating
Asian countries:  Afghanistan, Bang ladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam1, Cambodia, China,
East Timor2, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore1,
Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc through support to European and Asian firms identifying potential partners
(advice, contacts, etc.).
Objective 2:  to improve access to  legal and technological information sources and to support
the creation of information centres.
Objective 4:  to provide training in tech nology management and production methods (to
groups of Asian companies).
Objective 5:  capacity building (of chambers of commerce and other business associations in
Asia).
• Detailed Description:
Proposed Instruments 2003-2007
Asia-Invest awards co-financing to intermediary organizations following a Call for Proposals
(grants), to manage projects that will help the companies they represent find strategic partners and
internationalise their business between the EU and Asia.  Fully funded events and research projectsare separate award procedures, provided as a service contract, following a Call for Tender.  The
instruments of the Asia-Invest programme are currently being restructured pending the launch of a
second phase 2003-2007, so for this reason no funding was provided in 2002.  The following
instruments remain in a developmental stage.
                                                     
1 Brunei Darussalam and Singapore will no longer be eligible for direct support from 2003, although
their regional links will allow them to participate in the activities of the program using their own resources.
2 East Timor will be eligible to apply under the programme from 2003.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 19
1. Business to business match-making opportunities and partnership building activities
Asia Venture Small scale business missions for LDCs
Asia Enterprise Medium scale sector-specific and multi-sector  business to business encounters to help
EU and Asian companies to find partners
Asia Partenariat Large scale multi-sector match-making business meetings in Asia to facilitate
partnerships between European and Asian companies
2. Capacity building and research activities to enhance Asia private sector development
Asia-Invest Technical
AssistanceCapacity building for companies in Asia to prepare for international co-operation,
involving the transfer of know-how, information on market access conditions in the EU,quality support and strengthening links to European companies
Asia Investment andTrade Facilitation
StudiesMonitoring the business environment through market research studies and think-tanks
on trade and investment opportunities in particular in LDCs
3. Networking activities for increasing institutional capacity and dialogue:
Asia-Invest Alliance Capacity building and networking for intermediaries in Asia involving the transfer of
know-how, business partners search, information linkages and personnel exchange withEuropean counterparts
Asia-Invest Forum Workshops and conferences involving intermediaries exchanging best practice and
experiences with public authorities and the private sector
Past Instruments 1997-2001
1. Capacity building and co-operation facilitation activities
Business Priming Fund:
The instruments of the Business Priming
Fund aimed to provide support and funding to
groups of EU and/or Asian companies in
order to prepare them for business co-operation. The three instruments were:• Market-Place Monitoring  co-financed research and
monitoring activities of Asian markets by EUorganizations to assist with strategic decision making
processes
• Language and Business Culture Familiarisation co-
financed practical training courses to help groups of Asianand EU companies acquire international business andlanguage skills
• Technical Assistance  co-financed the transfer of know-
how to prepare companies from less developed Asiancountries for international business co-operation and tostrengthen ties with EU partners
2. Business to business match-making events and activities
At all the Asia-Invest business-matching events directcontacts between business managers were  arranged in
the form of bilateral meetin gs where each participating
company received a personal schedule of pre-arrangedmeetings.  Companies could thus make contact with alarge number of potential partners and could gain• Asia-Enterprise :  Sector-specific business to
business meetings to help EU and Asian
companies find partners
• Asia-Invest Business Meeting :  Multi-sectoral
medium scale business to business meetings orevents allowing EU and Asian companies to findIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 20
relevant information about market conditions, the
business environment and their competitors.Assistance was an offer for all participant companies,
which could include information and training courses
for the companies before the meeting and completeassistance during and after the events including follow-up advice.  Dates and venues of Asia-Invest supportedevents were promoted throughout Europe and Asia .partners and discuss projects
• Asia-Invest Forum :  Seminars and workshops to
inform EU business of opportunities in Asia
• Asia-Invest Partenariat :  (Asia and EU):  Multi-
sectoral large scale business to business events inAsia or the EU to facilitate dialogue between EUand Asian companies
3. Market research activities:
Asia Investment Facility Countrywide and sector specific studies to identify,
evaluate and promote investment opportunities for EUcompanies, with a focus on less developed Asiancountries.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
- Transfer of know-how on jute product development to a group of Bangladeshi
companies and professionals, and training in order to disseminate the use of new
techniques.  Lead applicant:  Bangladesh Jute Research Institute.  EC contribution:
€120,000 from June 2001 to Dec 2002.
- Guidebook for European investors in Bangladesh, providing accurate and detailed
information to potential investors about business opportunities in the country.  Theguidebook is made up of two parts, volume I:  general conditions to invest in
Bangladesh and volume II:  Sector profiles, with a special focus on energy,
engineering telecommunications and textiles.
• Contact and Information:
Asia-Invest
EuropeAid Co-operation OfficeEuropean Commission
1049 Brussels
Belgium
Tel:  +32 2 295 9503
Fax:  +32 2 296 5833Email:  europeaid-asia-invest@cec.eu.int
Web site:  www.europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/projects/asia-investIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 21
DESCRIPTIVE FORMS
EU MEMBER STATESIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 22
AUSTRIA
NAMES OF THE PROGRAMMES /INCENTIVES :
A. Financial support for private sector partnerships in the Austrian Development
Co-operation
B. Co-financing of Twinning Arrangements with CDE (Centre for Development of
Enterprise in Brussels)
C. Investment Promotion Programme Austria-UNIDO
• General Description:
 ad. A) Austrian SMEs receive financial support (grants of up to 30 % of total investment) if
they are willing to invest in a Developing  Country (OECD-criteria).  The  partnership
shall aim at:
 
- the creation and/or development of competitive enterprises in the partner country;
- achieving a maximum net value added in the target country;
- achieving a know-how transfer between the Austrian enterprise and the company in
the developing country.
(Maximum amount:  €72,672  in a three years period).
 ad. B) Austrian SMEs are being supported to find  partners in ACP countries and in business
start-up (€169,490 for 2001 and 2002).
 ad. C) Austrian SMEs are being supported to find in a new programme with UNIDO
(€257,000 for 2002 and 2003).
Total amount A+B+C since 1999:  €717,490.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Developing Countries according to OECD, priori ty is ACP, especially:  Ghana, Mozambique,
Tanzania, Ethiopia.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc.
- Through non-financial incentives:  Support to national and third country firms
identifying potential partners (advice, contacts, etc.,).
- Through financial incentives to national firms:  Financing or insuring of prospective
activities, insurance coverage of risks, loans.  Any direct investment has to be
channelled through the Austrian entrepreneur with the support of AustrianIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 23
intermediary banks such as BUERGES, FGG and Control Bank.  The Austrian
Control Bank provides risk capital or equity for operations in developing countries.
Objective 5:  capacity building.
There are also activities in the focal countries of the Austrian bilateral technical aid
programme (Uganda, Ethiopia, Senegal, Burkina Fa so, Mozambique, Bhutan and Nicaragua), usually
carried out through Non-Governmental Organizations.
• Detailed Description:
PROGRAMME A:  Financial support for private sector partnerships
Purpose:
Financial aid in form of non-reimbursable grant for a long-term partnership between an
Austrian small and medium sized enterprise (SME) and a private company in a developing country.
Eligible applicants:
Small and medium sized enterprises (SME) of all sectors (except banking, real estate and
insurance) based in Austria.
Definition of an SME:
- maximum of 250 employees;
- maximum turnover of €40 Million or maximum balance-sheet total of €27 Million;
- must be independent, i.e. less than 25% owned by one or several enterprises falling
outside of the definition of an SME.
Type of projects:
Private sector partnerships which are aiming at
- the creation and/or development of competitive enterprises in the partner country;
- achieving a maximum net value added in the target country;
- achieving a know-how transfer between the Austrian enterprise and the company in
the developing country.
Financial support:
The Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MfFA) supports projects in two categories of
developing countries (see following page for an exhaustive list of applicable countries):
- 30% of direct project costs for projects in "programme countries" of the Austrian
Development Co-operation;
- 25% of direct project costs for projects in other developing countries.
The total financial contribution per SME can not exceed € 72,673  in a period of three years.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 24
The direct project costs are those incurred by the Austrian SME in the partner country.  These
include investments as well as assets.
Application:
The application can be submitted to the MfFA as well as to BÜRGES.
The Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department for Development Co-operation, will
provide general information on activities in developing countries as well as specific information on
project-related issues.
BÜRGES and FGG, two specialised banks, ha ve been appointed by the MfFA with the
handling of all organizational and financial matters of the grant.  The BÜRGES respectively the FGG
will therefore provide advice on the application, handling and settlement procedures.
BÜRGES is in charge of all investments w ith a total volume of up to €726,728  (= ATS
10 Million.)
FGG is in charge of all investments with a volume exceeding €726,728 (= ATS 10 Million).
Examples of projects:
- South Africa:  in the telecommunication branch in Pretoria;  the setting up of a
regional training office for business acquisition and technology transfer.
- Senegal:  textile industry;  rehabilitation of cotton manufacturing in Dakar;  renewal
of machinery and modernisation of production.
- Zimbabwe:  shoe manufacturing;  establishment of alternative shoe production facility
in Harare ("Waldviertler").
- Costa Rica:  environmental certification;  know how transfer for licensing of
environment standards to obtain orders from Government and international
companies.
- Mozambique:  mineral water bottling, feasibility study for a filling station, technology
transfer plus training management.
- Ghana:  tinned food processing, feasibilit y study for a filling station, technology
transfer plus training management.
- Tanzania:  Tyre recycling, detergent-production;  feasibility study for a filling station,
technology transfer plus training management.
Sub-Total amount spent since 1999:  €291,000
PROGRAMME B:  Co-financing of Twinning Arrangements with the "Centre for Development of
Enterprise":
Three Austrian consultants are identifying potential business partners in Mozambique, Ghana,
Tanzania and Zimbabwe and bring them together with Austrian business-partners.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 25
Logic of Intervention:
Sector-policy.  Austrian Small - and Medium scale entrepreneurs are called to initiate
business-partnerships in ACP-countries so as to stimulate investments eventually and to help in the
fight against poverty by creating local added value (i .e. employment etc.).  There can be the creation,
expansion, diversification, rehabilitation or privatisation of industrial enterprises in ACP countries.Local production of goods and services should be built in a sustainable way.  The business-risks for
the Austrian partner, who considers investment  in an ACP-country, can be reduced by limited
state-subvention.
Characteristics of the sector-environment:
Basically there are difficult framework-conditions for Austrian small-scale investors in ACP-
countries, starting to find the right partner,  finances, political and socio-economic circumstances andgenerally often harsh market-conditions or reluctance towards private entrepreneurial activities in the
said developing countries.  This will be tackled by exceptional efforts of the funding and executing
agencies (FMfFA, CDE, Federal Chamber of Commerce-Austria, the Intermediary banks).
Primary Objective:
Substantial increase in number of Austrian SME-businesses that take the opportunity to co-
operate with ACP-partners and contribute to the increase of economic value added in the partner-
countries through sustainable investments.
Project Objectives:
BÜRGES handles and executes the various procedures to establish joint co-operations of
ACP-SME-partners and those of Austria.  It uses the four facilities of CDE:  (1) Identification (2)
operations prior to implementation of a project (3 ) structuring the project (4) project start-up and
development.
Results:
- up to 24 SME-"twinning arrangements" in 6 ACP countries identified;
- diagnostic missions of Consultants;
- reporting;
- diagnostic missions of Austrian companies;
- reporting;
- "letter of intent" for joint co-operation issued;
- projects started under the various facilities;
- credit schemes utilised.
Activities:
- Facility (1) Three Austrian consultants have  identified 24 "twins" in Ghana, Senegal,
Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique and Zimbabwe;
- Facility (2) BÜRGES proceeds on behalf of the Ministry and CDE;IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 26
- Facility (3) BÜRGES checks the project st ructure and proceeds with the financing on
behalf of the Ministry and CDE;
- Facility (4) BÜRGES proceeds after consultations with the Ministry and CDE
concerning the start-up assistance.
PROGRAMME C:  Multi-bi-project jointly between UNIDO, CDE and Federal Chamber of
Commerce:
Co-financing of BUSINESS PROMOTION EVENT in East Africa  between UNIDO, CDE
and Fed. Chamber of Commerce, financed by:  Fed. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Austria.
- A promotion tour in Austrian cities for awareness raising.
- Several days for sub-sector-meetings in (maybe) Ethiopia and Tanzania.
To motivate the European partner to eventually invest in the region, Austrian and East
African entrepreneurs are liaising.  The Austrian private sector can/will play an important role to
improve development co-operation.  One of the keys to improve Tanzania's national business
activities is the promotion of "Foreign direct investment".
UNIDO has established an "INTEGRATED PROGRAMME APPROACH" for the region,
which involves different areas of possible interventions and UNIDO-expertise, one of which is the
"Foreign direct investment" facility.  (Others may be "cleaner production", agro-industry, capacity
building etc.).
The Austrian participation in one of these aspects could be the contribution to the component
business promotion for foreign direct investment in Ethiopia and Tanzania.
Its main objective is to promote individual meetings between businessmen from
Ethiopia/Tanzania and Austrian foreign investors to discuss specific investment projects.  In each of
these countries three sub-sector-meetings may be organised with UNIDO and CDE.
Prior to these meetings a certain number of projects could be identified and selected through
the involvement of CDE, UNIDO and FMfFA-Austria expert personnel in the  following sectors:
Agro-industry, metalwork, wood industry, small scale mining, tourism, pharmaceutical industry and
protection of environment;  the respective ministeria l counterparts in Ethiopia and Tanzania will then
be invited to contribute their thoughts and development plans.
Financial contribution for the event might be provided by the Austrian Ministry for Foreign
Affairs of up to about € 200,000.
- Contribution of CDE in the form of providing travel-fees for Austrian entrepreneurs
to Addis Abeba and Dar Es Salaam.
- Contribution of UNIDO organising the event and providing the logistics.- Other participants:  Chamber of Commerce – Austria.
- Chamber of Commerce – Ethiopia and Tanzania.
- others, etc.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 27
• Contact and information:
Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Austria
Minoritenplatz 9
A-1014 Vienna/Austria
Department for Development Co-operation
Co-financing and Private Sector DevelopmentW.Moser, 0043-1-53115/4471
wolfgang.moser@bmaa.gv.atIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 28
DENMARK
• Foreword:
Denmark has a number of institutions and programmes that are contributing to the transfer of
technology to the developing countries within th e meaning of the TRIPS Agreement's Article 66.2.
Development assistance is based on a bilateral and a multilateral track.
Denmark provides bilateral development assistance to fifteen programme countries.  These
are:  Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkin a Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal,
Nicaragua, Tanzania, Uganda, Viet Nam and Zambia.  The bilateral assistance is concentrated on
promoting sustainable development through poverty-oriented economic growth.  Technology transfer
is an incorporated part of the assistance.  It is implemented through technical advisers, consultantservices, capacity-building etc.  The activities assi st the business sector in the developing countries
vis-à-vis  their efforts with regard to product developm ent and marketing i.e. through the introduction
of information and communication technologies.
Denmark provides multilateral development assistance through institutions such as
development banks and a range of multilateral organizations.  Many of the projects of these
organizations are incorporating technology transfer in their assistance.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 29
DENMARK
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  DANIDA  -  THE MIXED CREDIT PROGRAMME
• General Description:
The mixed credits incentives are primary financial and can be used to finance project supply
to developing projects, which are undertaken in close collaboration with the developing country.  The
mixed credits cover various sectors listed by OECD for tied aid.  Among these are:  water, health,
transport, infrastructure in general, environment, education, energy in particular renewable energy and
small industrial projects.  For every project proposal DANIDA performs an appraisal.  The appraisal
report, which contains a number of recommendations, is handed out to the people locally responsible
for the project.  They have the responsibility to  see it through that the recommendations in the
appraisal report are carried out.
• Beneficiary Countries:
The list of beneficiary countries is dynamic.  The mixed credits programme can be granted to
all of the developing countries (DAC) with a GNI per capita below DKr 17,517, which also fulfil
specific minimum requirements regarding creditworthin ess.  Currently the following countries receive
direct support:  China, Colombia, Dominique Re public, Egypt, El Salvador, Guatemala, India,
Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Morocco,  Namibia, Peru, Philippines, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Tunisia and Viet Nam.
In addition to these countries support is given to regional banks whereby countries can benefit
through membership.  These are:
- Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) the beneficiary countries
are:  El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua;
- Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) the beneficiary countries are:
Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania and Zambia;
- Industrial development Corporation of South Africa (IDC) the beneficiary countries
are Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania and Zambia.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through loans to national and third country firms.
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes through
training in the state of the art.
Objective 4:  to provide training in tech nology management and production methods:  when
supporting a commercial contract regarding deliveries of goods ands related services for
development projects, training in operation and maintenance will always be an essential part
of the delivery.
Objective 5:  Capacity building is pursued through the co-operation between the commercial
parties, including the training included in commercial contracts.  Where projects are
considered lacking capacity thus endangering the sustainability of the project, technical
assistance may be financed by the Mixed Credit programme to build up capacity.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 30
• Contact and Information:
Secretariat for Mixed Credits
Royal Danish Ministry for Foreign Affairs
2 AsiatiskPlads
1448 Copenhagen K - Denmark
Dir. Phone:  +45.3392 0951Fax:  +45.3392 0020
E-mail:  sbk@um.dk
Website: http://www.mixed-credits.dkIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 31
DENMARK
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  DANIDA  - PS P ROGRAMME
• General Description:
The Private Sector Programme under DANIDA consists of both financial and non-financial
incentives.  The PS Programme contributes to the development of the private sector in the developing
countries through the establishment of long term mutual co-operation between Danish companies and
companies in the developing countries.  Support is given to studies (no more than DKr 250,000),
visits (no more than DKr 25,000), establishment expenditures, training and education of employees,
technology adaptation, environment measures and em ission of experts.  The total amount possible
granted is currently DKr 5,000,000.  To be eligible the Danish company has to transfer technology
or/and other know-how to the local company.  In addition the PS co-operation must contribute toeconomic and social development in the host coun try.  The PS-Programme is open to every sector.
Technical advice is given both to governments and private firms.
• Beneficiary Countries:
The beneficiary countries in Asia are:  Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Viet Nam.  In Africa:
Egypt, Ghana, Benin, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.  InLatin America:  Bolivia and Nicaragua.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc.
- through support to national and third country firms identifying potential partners
(advice, contacts, etc.).
- through financial support to national firms for the establishment of expenditure,
technology adaptation, environment measures or missions of experts.
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes, though
training in the state of the art.
Objective 4:  to provide training in t echnology management and production methods.
• Contact  and Information:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Business and Contracts Department,
Copenhagen - DenmarkIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 32
DENMARK
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  DANIDA  – INVESTMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME FOR
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
• General Description:
The guarantee scheme for Danish investments in developing countries was established in
1966.  The purpose of the scheme is to encourage direct investment in developing countries by
providing investment guarantees to private Danish investors against the political risks of transfer
restriction, expropriation, and war and civil disturbance in the host country.  The investment projects
should contribute to the economic growth and development of the host country and must be
financially, economically and environmentally sound.  The host country must be a developing country
with an annual GNI per capita of no more than DKr 22,080.  The standard term of coverage is15 years, the coverage is 90% of the guaranteed investment and return can be covered with up to
20% annually of the guaranteed amount (however max. 60% of the guaranteed amount).  The annual
premium amounts to 0.5% of the guaranteed investment.  The investor must have substantial
influence on the management of the investment project thereby making technology and knowledge
transfer from the Danish company to the developing country possible.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Developing countries with an annual GNI per capita of no more than DKr 22,080.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through the insurance coverage of political risk.
• Contact and Information:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Business & Contracts Department
Copenhagen.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 33
FINLAND
• Foreword:
Technology transfer to developing countries is promoted and encouraged through various
programmes and activities by the government of Finland.  Some of these programmes are directlyplanned to encourage Finnish companies to invest in developing countries, to enter into co-operation
with companies in these countries or to participate in other means in industrial and technological
projects.  Some programmes promote technology transfer more or less indirectly, though.  The latter
group of programmes include, for example, contributions to multilateral assistance funds within the
framework of the United Nations, the World Bank Group and the European Communities.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 34
FINLAND
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  THE ECONOMICAL , INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL
APPROPRIATION
• General Description:
Economical, industrial and technological co-operation projects are being subsidised with the
so-called EIT appropriation (TTT in Finnish).  The EIT appropriation is administered by the Ministry
for Foreign Affairs in Finland.
• Beneficiary Countries:
For example the following countries have entered into contract for EIT appropriation:
Algeria, China, Cuba, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Li bya, Malaysia, Peru, Sudan, Thailand, Viet Nam.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through financial incentives to national firms (financing or insuring of
prospective activities).IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 35
FINLAND
• Detailed Description:
The EIT appropriation can be applied for by Finnish companies, institutions or associations.
However, the applicants are in most cases expected to be already in close collaboration withcompanies or institutions in the recipient country.  Furthermore, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs may
grant EIT appropriations also for such studies through which Finland and a developing country seek
to identify and develop new concrete co-operation projects to be implemented by their respective
companies, organizations or corporations.
As a rule, EIT appropriations are not supposed to cover more than 50 % of the total costs of
the projects concerned.  However, in some cases the percentage can be higher.  The remaining costsare to be borne by other financing sources, mostly by the applicants themselves and their potential
co-operation partners in Finland and in the developing countries in question.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
Feasibility studies related to water supply projects.
• Contact and Information:
Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Division for the Americas
Asia and Oceanie (co-ordination) and desk officers in regional divisions.
P.O. Box 176
00161  HelsinkiTel:  +358-9-16005IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 36
FINLAND
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  FINNFUND  INVESTMENT SCHEMES
• General Description:
Finnfund (Finnish Fund for Industrial Co-operation Ltd.) is a state-owned investment finance
corporation and it exists to finance enterprises in emerging countries.  Finnfund is a member of
European Development Finance Institution, an alliance of European development finance companies.
Finnfund's effective investment commitments total €209 million consisting of investments in
71 projects in 23 countries.
• Beneficiary  Countries:
Most of the new investment commitments were for projects in developing countries.  Several
projects were going on in particular in Asia and Eastern Europe, but Finnfund had also some projects
in Africa and South America.  Due to the economi c development of many countries in Central and
Eastern Europe, the need for Finnfund's financing in these countries has diminished.  Finnfund's
operating area covers the countries classified as developing countries in the Development Aid
Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Econom ic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc:  Finnfund's objective is to promote dynamic, developing and innovative
private enterprises thus encouraging technology transfer.
• Detailed Description:
Finnfund supports industrial co-operations and technology transfer through minority shares
for Finnish investments, guarantee arrangements and long-term credits for Finnish companies.  Inaddition to financing it offers a wide range of fund management and advisory services.  The
investment commitments by Finnfund involve a representative sample of Finnish high-tech companies
as well as innovative small and medium sized companies.
Finnfund co-finances training of personnel and management in developing country companies
when being a shareholder.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
• Tanira Ltd. Hand pump factory in Tanzania, about €0.2 million invested in 1988;
• Shanghai Fimet Medical Instrument Co. Ltd. Dental chair factory in China, about
€0.4 million invested in 1994;
• SEW- Componenta (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. Industrial gear factory in China, about
€3.2 million invested in 1995;
• Kemwater (Yixin) Co. Ltd. Water cleaning chemical factory in China, about
€0.4 million invested in 1999;
• Beijing Novo Information Technology Ltd. IT map applications company in China,
about  €0.2 million invested in 1999;IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 37
• KWH Pipe (Dalian) Co. Ltd. District heating pipe factory in China, about
€1.4 million invested in 1996;
• Valmet-Xian Paper Machinery Co. Paper machine factory in China, about
€0.7 million invested in 1988;
• Ghanira Ltd. Hand pump factory in Ghana, about  € 0.1 million invested in 1992;
• Fiskars India Ltd. Scissor factory in Indi a, about  € 0.3 million invested in 1986;
• Charminar Nonwovens Ltd. Nonw oven fabric factory in India, about  €0.1 million
invested in 1988;
• Additionally, we have made investments in lower middle income countries – total
172 investment commitments.
• Contact and Information:
Ms. Elina Jussila
Assistant Legal Affairs
FINNFUND
Ratakatu 27
00120 Helsinki
Tel:  +358-9-3484 3315Fax:  +358-9-3484 3317IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 38
FINLAND
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRICT FORESTRY
EXTENSION STAFF IN SOCIAL FORESTRY IN FIVE DISTRICTS OF THE NORTHERN REGION OF
MALAWI .
• General Description:
The project is focused on capacity building of forestry extension staff.  Its purpose is to
improve institutional capacity to provide effective and efficient forestry extension services to rural
communities.
The project started in October 2001 and lasts for three years.  The total budget is €2,192,130.
The government of Finland contributes €2,024,547  and the government of Malawi €167,583.
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs/Department administers the project for International
Development Co-operation.
• Beneficiary Country:
Malawi.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 5:  capacity building.
• Detailed Description:
- The immediate beneficiaries are the forestry extension workers working in the
districts and extension officers from partner organizations (final beneficiaries are thelocal communities of 5 districts).
- The projects aim at improving institutional capacity (of the forestry administration) to
provide effective and efficient forestry extension services to rural communities.
- Improved logistics and support provided to the District Forestry Offices for efficient
extension service.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
Training and capacity building are on-going.
• Contact and Information:
Mr Pertti Anttinen
Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Unit for Southern AfricaP.B. 176, 00161 Helsinki
Tel:  +358-9-160 56259
Fax:  +358-9-160 56259
E-mail:  pertti.anttinen@formin.fiIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 39
FINLAND
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  PROVINCIAL FORESTRY ACTION PROGRAMME ,
PHASE  II
• General Description:
Finland has been involved in support to the Forestry sector in Zambia since 1972, most
recently in facilitating the development of the Zambian Forestry Action Plan (ZFAP).  Three
Provincial Forest Action Plans ( PFAP) were developed in co-operation for the Central, Copperbelt
and Luapula Provinces by August 1998.  Their objective is to enhance sustainable management and
utilisation of the forestry resources.
The first phase of the PFAP started in 1995 and it is proposed to be continued by phase II.Duration:  four years.Administered by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs/Department for International Development
Co-operation.  Government of Finland part of the budget:  about €6,460,000.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Zambia.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
- Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising,
sub-contracting, etc.  Support to third countries (advice, contacts, etc.).
- Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes,
through  training in the state of the art.
- Objective 5:  capacity building.
• Contact and Information:
Mr Pertti Anttinen
Ministry for Foreign AffairsUnit for Southern Africa
P.B. 176, 00161 Helsinki
Tel:  +358-9-160 56259
Fax:  +358-9-160 56259
E-mail:  pertti.anttinen@formin.fiIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 40
GERMANY
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  DEG  - D EUTSCHE INVESTITIONS - UND
ENTWICKLUNGS -GESELLSCHAFT MB H
• General Description:
In  the framework of Germany's development policy, DEG is the institution that supports the
private sector in developing and transition countries by providing them with financial support and
advice.
DEG is a subsidiary of the Kredit Anstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW).  It supports the creation
and the development of the private sector in these countries through long-term investment funds and
advice on market conditions.  The aim of DEG's support is to make as many profitable, privateinvestments in businesses as possible whilst at the same time ensuring that those businesses are
environmentally and socially compatible and are meaningful from a development policy point of
view.
The DEG provides back up for private investment in developing countries that have the
capacity to benefit from commitment by foreign businesses but where commercial banks and
financiers still regard a long-term commitment as too risky.  The DEG provides the services at market
rates and these services do not include any subsidies.  This is because only successful investments that
pay for themselves and make a return also guarantee stable earnings and lasting employment.  They
create lasting growth and contribute towards better standards of living for the people in the countries
in which the investments are made.
The DEG can work in any developing country where the legal framework and investment
climate allows private investment.  In general there are no restrictions that disadvantage the LDC
countries, but neither are there any special advantages.  The only exceptions are certain projectsexecuted in trust (Treuhand projects) for which the federal government has set aside resources on
special terms for trustees.
The DEG provides project finance in the form of venture capital and long-term loans for
businesses in developing countries and advises investors on the planning, preparation andimplementation of their projects.  Here the DEG also uses its own resources to part-finance
preparations, particularly feasibility studies, for the projects of small and medium-sized German
investors.
Promoting business partnerships between invest ors from Germany or other EU countries and
local businesses in developing countries is a particular objective.  By supporting this type of
co-operation the DEG mobilises commercial and technical know-how, experience in products andmarketing and training and further training expertise for the country as well as additional investment
capital from other financiers totalling many times the amount of resources it invests itself.
By linking a business's own contribution with additional development co-operation resources
a public private partnership (PPP) can achieve high levels of synergy which ensure lasting progressand development.
Apart from direct technology transfer through joint ventures, the DEG also promotes
technical competence by co-financing undertakings that have no access, or very limited access, to
long-term investment capital.  This makes the businesses more competitive and more attractive aspartners in co-operative ventures with businesses in industrial countries.  Indirectly the kind of
financial sector promotion in developing countries practised by the DEG is a significant contributionIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 41
towards the strengthening of entrepreneurial potential in developing countries.  By developing and
part-financing financial instruments that mainly benefit small and medium-sized local businesses, the
special technological innovation of these undertakings is promoted and their effectiveness in job
creation is supported.
• Beneficiary Countries:
At the end of 2001 the DEG was represented in a total of 18 of the 49 LDCs.  Its financial
commitments in respect of investments in 45 businesses (including finance sector projects) totalled
€185.4 million;  €137.0 million went to 33 undertakings in 14 African countries and €48.4 million to
12 undertakings in four Asian countries.  The amount of finance going to LDCs represented 8% of the
DEG's total business.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
- Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising,
sub-contracting, etc.
- through support  to national firms identifying potential partners (advice, contacts,
etc.);
- through financial incentives to national firms ( financing or insuring of prospective
activities, loans and equity);
- financial incentives to third country firms (financing or insuring of prospective
activities, loans, guarantees  of loans, equity participation).
• Contact and information:
DEG
Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH
Geographical address:
Belvederestraße 40, 50933 Cologne
Postal address:P O Box 45 03 40, 50878 Cologne
Telephone:  02 21/49 86-0
Fax:  02 21/49 86-290
International codes:  + 49/221
E-Mail:  businessrelations@deginvest.deInternet:  http://www.deginvest.deIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 42
GERMANY
NAME OF THE PROGRAMMES /INCENTIVES :  DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR TECHNISCHE
ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GTZ) G MBH
1. PPP-Facility
2. Senior Experts Service (SES)
• General Description:
1. PPP-Facility:
- training and capacity building for SME promotion and vocational training;
- training and capacity building for rural development;
- technology transfer for environment improvements, renewable energy supply,
improvements in infrastructure, water and waste management;
- implementation of social standards;
- implementation of eco-standards;
- aids prevention and other health care activities;
- good governance;
- sustainable tourism;
- sustainable land and forest management, including certification processes FSC;
- Food quality and safety system development.
Duration:  since 1999.  Budget (2002-2004):  €3.5 Million
2. Senior Experts Service (SES):
The Senior Experts Services (SES) is   a non-profit organization which, with the help of senior
experts, promotes the vocational training, further education and qualification of specialists andexecutives in Germany and abroad.  The main areas are technical and economic fields.  The senior
experts' activities are oriented towards quick and pragmatic assistance on the spot, with special
emphasis on help towards self-help, generally combined with the solution of pressing problems.
The duration of the assignments is between 2 weeks and 6 months, follow-up assignments are
welcome.
Duration:  since 1990.  Budget (2000-2004):  €9 Million.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Developing countries (Africa, Asia, Latin America) and countries in transition.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 43
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc., through support to national and third country firms identifying potential
partners (advice, contacts, etc.).
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes:  access to
legal and technological information sources, training in the state of the art.
Objective 4:  to provide training in t echnology management and production methods.
Objective 5:  capacity building.
• Contact and information:
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Dag-Hammerskjöld-Weg  1-5
Postfach 5180
D – 65726  EschbornPhone:  +49-6196/79-0
Fax:  +49-6196/79-11 15
Website:  http://www.gtz.deIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 44
GERMANY
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  PUBLIC -PRIVATE –PARTNERSHIP -FACILITY
• General Description:
The resources of the Federal Ministry of Economic Co-operation and Development (BMZ)
are used by the PPP Facility to support private sector commitments involving the purchase, building
and/or operation of infrastructure projects in developing countries, considered worthy of promotion
from a development policy point of view, and intended to improve the economic and social
infrastructure.  Here the facility assumes part of the risk of German undertakings (developers and
operators of projects) in respect of the costs of preparing a private sector commitment.
This risk sharing takes the form of refunding part of any costs incurred in respect of such
preparations where a commitment under consideration fails.  An example is making an unsuccessful
bid in an international tender.  Another reason for a project not coming about may be that the results
of the detailed feasibility study showed that implementation by the private sector would not be very
profitable.
The following conditions have to be met if risk is to be covered by the PPP Facility:  The
project investigated in the study has to be deemed worthy of promotion from a development policy
point of view and has to be in line with the overall principles of German development co-operation in
the country in question.  The object of the study has to be the preparation of a project (investment in
and/or running a project) that has a reasonable chance of being implemented and being profitable.The cost of the study has to be acceptable in re lation to the planned private commitment (investments
or contract to operate a project).  The applicant has to be technically and financially in a position to
submit an internationally competitive offer.  It therefore has to be able to provide evidence of
appropriate experience (e.g. a list of references).
A total DM 4.5 million was budgeted for 2000 and 2001 whilst €3.5 million was budgeted for
the period 2002 to 2004.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 45
• Beneficiary Countries:  Partner Countries are:
Afghanistan
Egypt
Algeria
Angola
ArmeniaAzerbaijan
Ethiopia
Bangladesh
Benin
Bolivia
Brazil
Burkina FasoBurundi
Chile
China (PR)
Costa Rica
Côte d'IvoireDominican Republic
EcuadorEl Salvador
Eritrea
Georgia
Ghana
GuatemalaGuinea
Haiti
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Yemen
JordanCambodia
Cameroon
Kenya
Columbia
Congo (DR)Cuba
LaosLesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
MoroccoMauritania
Mexico
Mongolia
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
NepalNicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
East Timor
PakistanPalestine Authority
ParaguayPeru
Philippines
Rwanda
Zambia
SenegalSierra Leone
Zimbabwe
Sri Lanka
South Africa
Syria
Tanzania
ThailandChad
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Viet Nam
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  Promoting direct investment
The Facility promotes direct investment by German and European undertakings in the
infrastructure of developing countries where the aim is to achieve a durable improvement in the
economic and social infrastructure.  In particular, the barrier to businesses represented by sometimes
very high costs of project development and tendering in developing countries has to be removed.Technology transfer is one of the additional goals.  In many cases the privatisation of infrastructure
previously provided by the state goes hand-in-hand with the application of technologically advanced
solutions which have the effect of increasing productivity.
Financial incentives:
Ensuring the up-front costs of project development.  In the event of failure, part of the costs is
refunded.  The cost refund is granted subject to costs up to a ceiling of €100.000 per undertaking,
having been incurred in respect of the following:
- commissioning of external consultants:  up to 50% of the costs of the contract with
the consultant or of the consultant's offer on the basis of which the refund is granted;
- studies carried out by the applicant itself:  a maximum of 33% of the estimated costs
on the basis of which the KfW grants a refund.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 46
• Contact and information:
Kreditanstalt fûr Wiederaufbau (KfW)
Palmengartenstrasse 5-9
D – 60325 Frankfurt
Tel:  +49-69-7431-4327
Fax:  +49-69-7431-2218E-mail:  Annika.Frank@kfw.deIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 47
GERMANY
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  STIFTUNG FÜR WIRTSCHAFTLICHE ENTWICKLUNG UND
BERUFLICHE QUALIFIZIERUNG (SEQUA).  P ARTNERSHIP PROGRAMME
• General Description:
The partnership programme is supporting co-operation projects between German chambers
and associations play an important role for the de velopment of small and medium enterprises.  The
partnership programme supports activities for new and better services for small and medium
enterprises and interest representation for a better policy environment.
Approximately €7.5 Million per annum
• Beneficiary Countries:
All developing countries.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through support to third country firms:  firms receive advice/training in
different fields relevant for technology transfer (i.e. intercultural training, internationalmarkets, export and import, international contracts, technical training and advice, etc.
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes:  creation of
information centres, training in the state of the art , etc.
Objective 4:  to provide training in t echnology management and production methods.
Objective 5:  capacity building.
• Contact and Information:
Stiftung für wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und berufliche Qualifizierung (SEQUA)
Mozartstrasse 4 – 10
D – 53115 Bonn
Tel:  +49-228-98238-0
Fax:  +49-228-98238-19 oder –29E-mail:  info@sequa.deIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 48
GERMANY
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  SCIENTIFIC – T ECHNOLOGICAL CO-OPERATION
(WISSENSCHAFTLICH -TECHNOLOGISCHE  ZUSAMMENARBEIT , WTZ)
• General Description:
General goals are:
- Co-operation for the mutual benefit of both partners in joint research and education
projects.
- Contribution to the improvement of economic relations with the partner countries.
- Participation in multilateral networks of research establishments and enterprises.
Financial incentives comprise mainly travel costs and to a lesser extent equipment to initiate
joint projects between partners in Germany and partner countries.
• Beneficiary Countries:
African and Arab countries, especially Egypt, South Africa, Morocco and Tunisia, where
special bilateral agreements exist.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through support to national and third country firms identifying potential
partners (advice, contacts, etc.), financing or insuring of prospective activities.
Objective 3:  to support joint research projects   (support to joint research projects between
private and/or public partners).IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 49
GERMANY
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE : DEUTSCHER GENOSSENSCHAFTS - UND
RAIFFEISENVERBAND E . V. (DGRV)
• General Description:
DGRV is (co-)financed by the Ministry of Economic co-operation and Development (BMZ).
It plays an important role in part of co-operative development training and know-how
transfer.
Its budget is approximately €3 Million.
• Beneficiary Countries:
All Latin America countries, South Africa, Ch ina, Viet Nam, India and CEA-Countries in
transition.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through support to national firms (loans) and support to third country firms
(advice, contacts, financing or insuring of prospective activities ).
Objective 4:  to provide training in t echnology management and production methods.
Objective 5:  capacity building:  legal advice on auditing systems, training of staff of
agriculture co-operatives, savings and credit  co-operatives, co-operative banks.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 50
NETHERLANDS
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  ADVANCED RE-LOCATABLE MULTI -SENSOR SYSTEM
FOR BURIED LANDMINES
• General Description:
The humanitarian landmine clearing is attracting more and more global attention.  The recent
treaty to ban the manufacturing and sales of anti-personnel mines is most welcome.  But the technical
challenges of the safe removal of mines already in the ground remain unchanged.  At present about
100 million mines are still installed in 62 countries.  Abandoned landmines and other unexploded
ordnance (UXO) now kill or maim about 30,000 pe rsons globally every year, 80% of which are
innocent civilians.  The average casualty rate for classical landmine detection is one injured or dead
de-miner per 1000 mine detection, but rates as high as one injury per 100 mines have beenencountered.  Detection of landmines has been accomplished in a very slow and dangerous way.
Modern radar technology progress using the possibility of advanced multiple microwave-sensors may
improve the current situation of landmine detection.  The overall aim of the project is to investigate
the feasibility of using ground penetrating radar (GPR ) with integration of multiple microwave-sensor
technologies to improve the individual landmine de tection (Resolution:  down-range:  3 cm and
cross-range:  3 cm;  auto-detectability better than 99%).  The fundament for this proposal is the
development of two major ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems (real video pulse and stepped
frequency CW radars).  In this research project, we distinguish three parts:  the first part comprises the
design and realisation of two re-locatable imaging GPR systems.  This research concentrates on the
development of an ultra-wide-band (UWB) impulse radar and stepped frequency continuous wave(SFCW) radar.  Buried landmines are usually regarded as "small objects".  High-resolution data of the
subsurface will be acquired via the multi-sensor system having a high detectability of landmines.  The
second part comprises the development of accurate electromagnetic modelling methods,
high-resolution 3-D image reconstruction, robust si gnal and imaging processing and experimental
verification.  Signal processing and imaging met hods will be evaluated, verified and modified by
executing outdoors experimental campaigns.  The third part comprises the development of
multi-sensor data fusion (MSDF), feature extraction and object classification methods and algorithms.
• Beneficiary Countries:
All countries that suffer from buried AP landmines.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through incentives to national firms (loans, establishment expenditure,
technology adaptation, environment measures, and missions of experts).
Objective 3:  research applied to needs of countries suffering from buried AP landmines.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 51
NETHERLANDS
AREA OF THE PROGRAMMES /INCENTIVES :  HEALTH , A GRICULTURE , E CONOMIC AND
INFRASTRUCTURAL SUPPORT , EDUCATION , ENVIRONMENT
• General Description:
This all concerns programmes that will lead to direct transfer of technology.  Instruments in
the field of education, information, infrastructure and enhancing of investment that do not have a
direct technology transfer component are not included.
Programme: Health
Technology transfer, investment
Objectives 2000 2001 2002
technology transfer 1.755.457 4.915.679 5.844.115
Investment 5.786.910 10.599.569 6.356.633
TOTAL 7.542.367 15.515.248 12.200.748
Beneficiary countries AF,BD,BF,ET,HT,KH,MW,MZ,NP,SD,SO,TZ,VN,
YE,ZM
Programme Agriculture
research, technology, management, training, programme
objectives 1,2,3,4,5 2000 2001 2002
capacity building 6.193.111 7.429.354 2.435.307
production systems 2.257.021 2.155.165 1.472.381
TOTAL 8.907.945 9.777.919 4.228.496
Beneficiary countries AF,BD,BF,BJ,BT,CV,ET,HT,ML,MZ,RW,SD,SN,T
Z,YE
Programme Economic and infrastructural support
interdisciplinary planning, communication, institutional support, infrastructure, energy, bio-gas
objectives 1,2,3,4,5 2000 2001 2002
capacity building 2.019.132 3.139.963 3.354.056
Training 388.332 302.555 3.843
TOTAL 2.407.464 3.442.518 3.357.899
Beneficiary countries BD,BT,CV,ML,MZ,NP,TZ,UG,VNIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 52
NETHERLANDS
Programme Education
HRD, investment
objectives 1,2,3,4,5 2000 2001 2002
ict, graduate, masters 4.679.326 3.116.569 3.980.215
TOTAL 4.679.326 3.116.569 3.980.215
Beneficiary countries BT,ET,MZ,RW,VN,YE
Programme Environment
Conservation, protection and support
objectives 1,3,4,5 2000 2001 2002
Bio-diversity protection, waste 9.013.516 7.558.845 10.199.856
TOTAL 9.013.516 7.558.845 10.199.856
Beneficiary countries: AF,AO,BD,GW,MZ,NE,SD,SO,TZ,VN,YE,ZMIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 53
SPAIN
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION PROJECT
• General Description:
These projects are intended for Spanish companies that wish to promote their technologies
abroad and hope to carry out a specific technology transfer project as licensers.
Credits are provided to finance the following types of activities and intellectual property:
equivalency authorisations and certifications that allow for internationalisation;  the creation of
prototypes for the transfer of technology and inte rnational promotions;  personnel training for the
licensing company;  documents;  studies and contracts;  technical translations;  overseas promotional
studies;  legal support and the negotiation of agreements.
These actions are complemented with a foreign network which carry out important work in
consulting, seeking partners and logistical support for Spanish companies that want to do business
abroad.  In relation to this activity, CDTI has re presentatives in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Morocco,
Japan and Korea.  The total budget for these projects is approx. €4 million annually with an open callfor proposals.
• Beneficiary Countries:
These projects are intended for Spanish companies doing business in any country around the
world, especially in Latin America, North Africa and Korea.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc:  through support to national and third country firms identifying potential
partners (advice, contacts, etc.) and loans to national firms.
Objective 3:  to support joint research projects between private partners.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 54
SWEDEN
• Foreword:
Sweden contributes with technology transfer to least-developed countries through its
development assistance.  This assistance is channelled through the Swedish International
Development Co-operation Agency (Sida).  In particular its department for Infrastructure andEconomic Co-operation (INEC) deals with technology transfer to developing and to least-developed
countries.
INEC is responsible for Sida's development assistance to the infrastructural sector and it also
deals with economic co-operation.  This involves sector and feasibility studies, investment projects,
energy savings and renewable energy projects in the energy field and also in other areas such as
telecommunications, roads, housing, urban development etc. These projects often include sectorreforms, institution building and the use of local resources in road construction for example.
INEC also provides support to productive sectors in developing countries, such as industry
and trade, capital markets development, contract-financed technical co-operation, credits and
guarantees, international training etc.
With regard to least-developed countries, most of INEC's activities are geared towards the
transfer of technology and know-how.
Within the area of technical co-operation and training, INEC arranges contract-financed
technical co-operation such as consultancy studies, competence building and institutional building
projects.  The division supports 150-200 projects per year in about 30 countries.  Over
80 international courses are arranged each year with participants from some 100 countries.
Competence development and alliance co-operation within private industry and adjoining sectors is
another important branch.  These projects are normally small and catalytic.  Through the StartProgramme, local companies in Sida's partner countries are given access to Swedish technology and
know-how at the same time as Swedish small and medium-size enterprises are encouraged to test new
markets.  The Start South Programme supports investments in more than 40 developing and least-
developed countries in Africa, Asia and Latin Ameri ca.  It offers financial support to Swedish small
and medium-size enterprises at the starting-up phase of joint projects with local companies byproviding write-off loans to finance education and tr aining and the transfer of industrial know-how.
Examples of participating least-developed countries and areas of activity:
Zambia :  Fish culture
Water purification
MiningRefrigeration technologyDeforestation
Tanzania: Tourism
Printing WorksConcretingMeasures of precaution for documentsManufacture of Household UtensilsSisal production
Mozambique:  Hotel management
Dental surgeryAngola:                 Granite mining
Uganda: Mineral prospecting
TourismForestryIrrigation project
Printing factory
Ethiopia: Cardiology
Eritrea:                 Printing factory
Bangladesh : Heart surgery
Diabetes care
Viet Nam: IT-technology
  Furniture productionIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 55
SWEDEN
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  START SOUTH -PROGRAMME
• General Description:
To promote the development of trade and industry in the developing countries.  Sida (the
Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency) has created the "Start South-programme."
The target group for the programme is Swedish companies in the process of starting
sustainable business co-operation with companies in the South.  The commercial activities shall take
place in the developing country.
Transfer of technological know-how from th e Swedish companies to the companies in the
South is often a prerequisite of successful co-operation.  To encourage such transfer, Sida can offer a
write-off loan of SEK 500,000, - to the Swedish company to finance education and training.  The loan
is written off as soon as the training is finalised.
To facilitate the purchase of technological equipment, Sida also provides loans of SEK
250,000 - to the Swedish company.  This loan runs for five years on favourable rate of interest.
The programme started in 1996.  The total budget amounts to SEK 40,000,000.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Africa:  Botswana, Cap Verde, Ethiopia, Er itrea, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, Namibia,
South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Uganda.
Asia:  Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, the
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, West Bank/Gaza, Viet Nam.
Latin America:  Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through loans.
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes:  access to
legal and technological information sources, training in the state of the art, training in
industrial production know-how.
Objective 4:  training in business practices and management.
Objective 5:  capacity building projects.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
Through the Start South-programme a Swedish company together with a Zambian
company has started fish breeding at large scale at the Zambesi River.  Another project
involves a Swedish company that has established co-operation with a Zambian company inIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 56
areas such as maintenance of real estate property, electronics, telecommunications, water
supply and refrigeration systems.
• Contact and Information:
Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (SIDA)
10525 Stockholm
SwedenTel:  +46-8-698 50 00
Fax:  +46-8-20 88 64
E-mail: info@sida.se
Website: www.sida.seIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 57
SWEDEN
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  TRADE POLICY SUPPORT TO TANZANIA
• General Description:
Strengthening of the competition authority and formulation and implementation of a national
trade policy.
SEK 8 million from December 2000 - December 2004 are foreseen.
• Beneficiary Country:
Tanzania.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 5:  capacity building project.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
Between November 1999 and June 2001 Sida financed the development of a National Trade
Policy through a special agreement.  SEK 2 million were used for technical assistance, workshops,
study visits.  From July 2001 this project is part of another larger commitment with the Ministry of
Trade and Industry (MIT).
The ongoing commitment is called "Capacity Building Project for MIT" and consists of the
following three projects;
(1) Finalization and Implementation of the National Trade Policy.
(2) Implementation of fair competition policy and law, inclusive technical assistance for
the establishment of a Fair competition Commission and a Fair Competition Tribunal.
(3) Upgrading of the Ministry's registry function, which means introduction of adequate
administrative routines och procedures.
Agreement period;  July 2001 - June 2004, SEK 8 million.MIT is responsible for the implementation inclusive procurement of needed consultants.
The Trade Policy has been finalized in its draft version and approval by the Cabinet is
awaited in March 2003.
As regards the Fair competition project, all the preparatory work has been finalized and
Cabinets approval of the concept and struct ure of the two bodies is awaited.  After that
implementation will start.
The administrative upgrading is an ongoing activity.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 58
• Contact and Information:
Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (SIDA)
105 25 Stockholm
Tel:  +46-8-698 50 00
Fax:  +46-8-20 88 64E-mail:  info@sida.se
Website:  www.sida.seIP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 59
SWEDEN
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  SWEDFUND INTERNATIONAL AB
• General Description:
Swedfund is a state owned company investing in  developing countries and in Central and
Eastern Europe.  It provides risk capital and know-how for long term investments in Africa,
Latin America, Asia and in Central and Eastern Europe.  The investment should give attractive returns
to all stakeholders, environmental aspects must be addressed and best ethical practices should be used.
The investment should be based on a well-defined business concept and have strong growth
potential.  The strategic partner must have a solid track record and the necessary financial and
managerial resources to ensure the successful preparation, execution and operation of the jointventure.
The overall goal is to contribute to the development of financially sound economies.Swedfund International AB is a limited liab ility company with a capital of about
SEK 866 million.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Developing countries and countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising,
sub-contracting, etc. through financial incentives to national firms (such as loans) and
financial incentives to third country firms (loans, guarantee of loans, equity participation).
Objective 3:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes, in particular
the transfer of know-how.
• Examples of implemented /ongoing projects:
In 1994 the Swedish telecom company Telia Overseas invested in Namibia's (and one of
Africa's) first GSM-net.  In 1997 Telia Overseas entered into a second programme, MTN in Uganda.
For both projects Swedfund acted as co-financier.
In 1987 the company SSPC (Sino-Swed Pharmaceutical Corporation) was set up as a joint
venture between Swedish and Chinese pharmaceutical industry for production of tablets and infusionsolutions.  This was one of the first Swedish-Chin ese joint ventures.  Swedfund's investments in the
pharmaceutical sector cover a wide area of sectors, from advanced high-technology (Africa's first
Gamma-knife from Electa) to mass production (infusion in Lithuania and earlier in Pakistan).IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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• Contact and Information:
Swedfund International AB
Postal Address:  P.O. Box 3286
103 65 Stockholm
Tel:  +46 8 725 94 00Fax:  +46 8 20 30 93
E-mail:  info@swedfund.se
Website:  www.swedfund.seIP/C/W/388/Add.6
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SWEDEN
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN BIO-POLICY
• General Description:
Support to the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS) with regard to bio-policy.
African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS) was established in 1988, with a remit to
undertake policy research on the application of science and technology to sustainable development.
Initially the Centre was Kenya-specific in its coverage but with wide international contacts.  In 1992,
ACTS revised its mandate to focus on the implemen tation of the recommendations (Agenda 21) of the
United Nations Conference on Environment and Deve lopment (UNCED), and related conventions on
biological diversity (CBD) and climate change.  In 1997, the legal status of ACTS was changed by
way of a charter to become reconstituted as an "autonomous non-profit making and non-partisan
international policy research, training, advisory and information dissemination institution".
To date ACTS has established research, training and library facilities designed to generate
and disseminate new knowledge and information on technological and environmental management inAfrica.  Its research and training activities aim at providing new ideas for intervention by policy-
makers in Africa and elsewhere.  ACTS has given attention to the possibilities of biotechnology as
well as the companion questions on Intellectual Proper ty Rights (IPR) brought to the fore by CBD and
the World Trade Organization (WTO) in an African context.
Most of the findings from ACTS' research activities are presented in national and regional
seminars and international conferences.  An external review commissioned by Sida in 1999 state that
ACTS through the years have produced large quantities of high quality publications and that
relevance of ACTS' research and training for development of African policy has increased.  Sida
assesses ACTS as an important institution for developing national and regional policy positionsconcerning development and use of science and technology for African conditions.  The participation
of the African countries in WTO-, FAO-, and CBD- processes and negotiations is critical and ACTS
is viewed as an important resource in this context.
Sida support to ACTS is in form of unrestricted core and during the period January 2000 to
June 2001 an amount of SEK 0.75 million was di sbursed and during the period January 2001 to
December 2003 an amount of SEK 3 million has been allocated to ACTS.
 
• Beneficiary Countries:
African countries.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 5:  capacity building projects (in order to improve the economic and legal
environment.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
Page 62
• Contact and information:
Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (Sida)
105 25 Stockholm
Tel:  +46-8-698 50 00
Fax:  +46-8-20 88 64
E-mail:  info@sida.seWebsite:  www.sida.seIP/C/W/388/Add.6
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UNITED KINGDOM
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  COMMONWEALTH PARTNERSHIP FOR TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT (CPTM)
• General Description:
CPTM works to enhance Public/Private Sector co-operation and by positively encouraging a
"Win-Win" or "Prosper they Neighbour" philosophy.  These activities are carried out primarily
through co-operative resourcing by Networkers w hose time is voluntarily given, thereby leveraging
applied funds by a factor of 5:1 at least.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Primarily, but not exclusively, in the emerging Commonwealth countries.  However, our
horizons are wide and expansion beyond the Commonwealth is happening.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through support to national and third country firms.
Objective 2:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes (creation of
information centres/networks).
Objective 3:  to support Joint Research projects through private and/or public partners.
Objective 5:  Capacity building.
• Detailed Description:
Members are drawn from Commonwealth Governments, Private & Public Sector Companies,
Networkers and the Commonwealth Secretary-General's nominees.  All these categories are
represented on the Board of Directors.  CPTM's funds come from financially contributinggovernments, that is governments that make a specific direct financial contribution to CPTM
annually, and the private and public corporate sector.  Networkers contribute by offering their skills
and knowledge on a voluntary basis.  CPTM's activities are backed by a small full-time staff in the
London Hub and by an increasing number of National Hubs including Malaysia, Botswana, Barbados,
Lesotho, Namibia, St. Lucia, Swaziland, Uganda and Zimbabwe amongst others.
• Examples of Implemented/Ongoing Projects:
An example of CPTM's work is Smart Partnership International Dialogues.  While there are
many institutions running international conferences around the world to promote greater
understanding of technology, economics, regional co-operation, etc., CPTM's International Dialogues
are unique events.
- They bring together Presidents, Prime Ministers, Civil Servants, and Representatives
from Labour and Business in a single forum with a single format applied equally to all
participants.
- The format is dialogic with Presidents sitting at the same table as others and sharing
in group participation and solution finding.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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- The dynamism of the dialogue creates a rare atmosphere of camaraderie crossing
status, political and ideological boundaries.
- Dialogue creates friendships and bott om-to-top networks that can produce
international joint ventures with rare political goodwill.
- These friendships and networks continue the dialogue well after the initial event.
These dialogues alternate between Africa and Asia.
• Contact and Information:
Julyan Elbro - Senior Policy Advisor
IPPD
Room 3B42
Patent Office
Newport NP10 8QQUnited Kingdom
Tel:  +44.1633.813722IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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UNITED KINGDOM
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE SCHEMES
• General Description:
Export Credit guarantee schemes can also be relevant to the encouragement of technology
transfer.  In the UK these are run by the Export Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD), the main
function of which is to provide guarantees/insurance for exports of UK capital goods and insurance
for UK investments overseas.  One of the outcomes of the review of ECGD (concluded in July 2000)
was that it should try to "identify better ways in which ECGD support might contribute towards
developing countries' sustainable developmen t".  ECGD's Good Projects in Difficult Markets
(GPDM) Scheme provides support for viable, pr ofessionally managed, hard currency generating
projects in countries where ECGD cover would not otherwise be available.  GPDM and ECGD's"productive expenditure" policy, whilst not specifically geared to the purpose of promoting and
encouraging technology transfer to least-developed countries, potentially have a role here.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Potentially all countries.
• Objective(s) in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising,
sub-contracting, etc. through financial incentives to national firms (financing or insuring of
prospective activities, insurance coverage of economic and political risk) and to third country
firms (financing . or insuring of prospective activities).
• Detailed Description:
ECGD, the Export Credits Guarantee Department, is the UK's official export credit agency.  It
is a separate Government Department reporting to the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry.  It
derives its powers from the 1991 Export and Invest ment Guarantees Act.  It has over 80 years
experience of working closely with exporters, project sponsors, banks and buyers to help UK
exporters compete effectively in overseas markets where the private sector may be unable to help.  It
does this by arranging Finance facilities and Credit insurance for contracts ranging from around£20,000 up to hundreds of millions of pounds.  There is special help for smaller exporters.  It also
provides Overseas Investment Insurance for UK-based companies investing overseas.  On average it
underwrites business worth over £4 billion a year.
• Contact and Information:
Julyan Elbro - Senior Policy Advisor
IPPD
Room 3B42
Patent Office
Newport NP10 8QQ
United KingdomTel:  +44.1633.813722IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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UNITED KINGDOM
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  BUSINESS LINKAGES CHALLENGE FUND (BLCF)
• General Description:
The BLCF is a cost-sharing grant scheme i.e. it gives grants to enterprises to achieve DFID's
objective of developing commercially sustainable business linkages that bring benefits to the poor.  It
is a way of working in partnership with the privat e sector towards the goal of poverty eradication.
The objectives of the BLCF are to support innovative business linkages that transfer the
technology, skills, information and market access that are necessary to compete in the global
economy.  Supported linkages will not only need to bring benefits to the members of the linkage, but
also lead to sustainable improvements in the livelihoods of the poor.
The Fund encourages and supports the formation of business linkages by enterprises in
developing countries with each other and/or with international partners.  These linkages must bring
enhanced competitiveness and generate clear benefits for the poor.  The linkages involve an
investment of resources by all members of the linkage – skills, technology, information, facilities,supplies and access to markets.  The linkages, in turn, bring benefits to all members and to poor
people.
Bidding is competitive and grants are allocated according to the degree to which bids meet
BLCF criteria and objectives.
Funding comes from the UK Government's De partment for International Development
(DFID).
• Budget and Duration:
This increases the BLCF portfolio to 27 projects with a total potential grant value of over
£6.7 million and counterpart private sector contributions of over £12 million.
• Beneficiary Countries:
The Fund links businesses in the UK, Europe and USA with businesses in:
Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Cambodia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Peru,
South Africa, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through grants to national and third country firms.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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UNITED KINGDOM
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  FINANCIAL DEEPENING CHALLENGE FUND (FDCF)
• General Description:
The FDCF is a cost sharing grants scheme funded by the British Government's Department
for International Development (DFID) that encourages the private sector to contribute to the
achievement of poverty eradication.  Specifically the FDCF awards grants to private sector financial
institutions that are committed to increasing access to commercially sustainable financial services for
the poor and businesses that employ the poor.
The objectives of the FDCF are to mobilise the international financial sector to invest in and
develop financial sector capacity in target countries and to catalyse the financial services sector intarget countries to widen the range of products, improve efficiency of intermediation and extend
services to the poor.
The FDCF supports projects involving the development and piloting of a broad range of
financial products and services including credit, savings, insurance, health cover, housing finance,pensions, leasing working capital and remittances.  It also wishes to support projects that lead to
improvements in the regulatory and supervisory environment for financial service delivery.
Bidding is competitive and grants are allocated according to the degree to which bids meet the
FDCF criteria and objectives.
The FDCF offers grants of between £50,000 and £1,000,000, and expects bidders
contributions of at least 50 percent of project costs, except in exceptional circumstances.
• Budget and Duration:
A total of nine FDCF awards have been made in the first 3 bidding rounds, with FDCF grants
totalling in excess of £6.5 million.  The total value of these projects is in excess of £16.5 million, with
contributions to project costs of £10 million from bidding organizations and their partners.
• Beneficiary Countries:
The FDCF operates in the UK, and selected countries in Africa and Asia.  These are
Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zimbabwe and Zambia in Afri ca, and India and Pakistan in Asia.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through grants to national and third country firms.IP/C/W/388/Add.6
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UNITED KINGDOM
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME /INCENTIVE :  TECHNOLOGY  PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVE (TPI)
• General Description:
TPI is administered by the UK Department of  Trade and Industry (DTI).  The aim of this
initiative is to facilitate transfer of environmental technology on a commercial basis to developingcountries by encouraging improved information fl ows (including among intermediaries, customers
and others in developing countries about UK capabilities) and encouraging partnerships between UK
firms and business and other contacts in developing countries.  It has established a large network of
contacts and, among other things, produces a newsletter that includes best practise and other case
studies, and organises missions and other events.
The project is a continuing one with an annual budget of around ₤500,000.
• Beneficiary Countries:
Potentially any country but particularly focused on 16 priority markets for the UK
environmental goods and services identified by JEMU and TPUK, which includes:  Brazil, China,
Czech Republic, Egypt, Hong Kong - China, Hungary, India, Israel, Malaysia, Philippines, Poland,
Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Chinese Taipei and Thailand.
• Objectives in Terms of Technology Transfer:
Objective 1:  to promote projects such as direct investment, licensing, franchising, sub-
contracting, etc. through support to national and third country firms (advice, contacts, etc.).
Objective 3:  to improve access to available techniques and industrial processes via training in
the state of the art.
__________