APPENDIX TABLESAustralia WT/TPR/S/104
Page 131
Table AII.1
Involvement in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, 1998-02 (June)
Complaint (country and type of measure) Raised by /third parties
1.  Complaints by Australia
(a)  As a complainant
Korea  – Measures affecting imports of fresh,
chilled and frozen beefUnited States and Australia (WT/DS161/WT/DS169)
United States  – Safeguard measure on
imports of fresh, chilled or frozen lamb from
New ZealandNew Zealand and Australia (WT/DS177/, WT/DS178)/Australia (in respect of New
Zealand's complaint), Canada, the EC, Iceland, Japan and New Zealand (in respect of
Australia's complaint)
United States  – Continued Dumping and
Subsidy Offset Act of 2000Australia, Brazil, Chile, the EC, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mexico and Thailand
(WT/DS217/)/Israel, Norway, Mexico, Hong Kong, China, Argentina, Costa Rica,
CanadaCanada, Mexico (WT/DS234)/India, Thailand, Brazil, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, EC,
Australia, Israel, Norway, Mexico, Hong Kong, China, Argentina, Costa Rica, Canada
(b) Mutually agreed solutions
Hungary  - Export subsidies in respect of
agricultural productsArgentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Thailand and the United States
(WT/DS35)/Canada, Japan, Thailand and Uruguay
India  - Quantitative restrictions on imports
of agricultural, textile and industrial productsAustralia (WT/DS91/1)
(c) As a third party
Brazil  – Export financing programme for
aircraftCanada (WT/DS46)/Australia, the EC, Korea  and the United States (third-party rights
for the reconvened Panel only).
United States  - Import prohibition of certain
shrimp and shrimp productsIndia, Malaysia, Pakistan and Thailand (WT/DS58)/ Australia, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, El Salvador,  the EC, Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, India, Guatemala,
Mexico, Japan, Nigeria, Senegal and Sri Lanka
Canada  – Measures affecting the export of
civilian aircraftBrazil (WT/DS70)/  Australia, the EC and the United States (third-party rights at the
reconvened Panel).
Canada  – Measures affecting the
importation of milk and the exportation of
dairy productsUnited States (WT/DS103)/Australia and Japan, New Zealand
(WT/DS113)/Australia, Japan and the US
Canada  - Patent protection of
pharmaceutical productsThe EC and their member States (WT/DS114)/Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba,
India, Israel, Japan, Poland, Switzerland, and the United States
United  States  – Section 110(5) of the U.S.
Copyright ActEC (WT/DS160)/Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan and Switzerland
United States  – Definitive safeguard
measure on imports of wheat gluten from the
ECEC (WT/DS166)/ Australia, Canada and New Zealand
Chile  – Measures affecting the transit and
importation of swordfishEC (WT/DS193)/ Australia, Canada, Ecuador, India, New Zealand, Norway, Iceland
and the United States
United States  – Measures treating export
restraints as subsidiesCanada (WT/DS194)/Australia, the EC and India
United States  – Definitive safeguard
measures on imports of circular welded
carbon quality line pipe from KoreaKorea (WT/DS202)/ Australia, Canada, EC, Japan and Mexico
Chile – Price Band System and Safeguard
Measures relating to Certain Agricultural
ProductsArgentina (WT/DS207)/ Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, the EC, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Japan, Nicaragua, Paraguay, the United States and
Venezuela
Canada  – Export Credits and Loan
Guarantees for Regional AircraftBrazil (WT/DS222)/  Australia, the EC, India and the United States
United States  – Tax Treatment for Foreign
Sales CorporationsThe EC (WT/DS108/RW)/ Australia, Canada, India, Jamaica and Japan
Mexico  – Measures Affecting
Telecommunications ServicesThe United States (WT/DS204)/ Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, the EC, Guatemala
Honduras, India, Japan and Nicaragua
Table AII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
Page 132
Complaint (country and type of measure) Raised by /third parties
2.  Complaints against Australia
(a)  Dispute cases
Australia  Measures affecting the
importation of salmonCanada (WT/DS18)/the EC, India, Norway and the United States
Australia  - Subsidies provided to producers
and exporters of automotive leatherUnited States (WT/DS126)
(b)  Mutually agreed solutions
Australia  - Measures affecting the
importation of salmonidsThe United States (WT/DS18 – WT/DS21)/ Canada, the EC, Hong Kong/China, India
and Norway
(c ) Other
Australia  - Anti-dumping measures on
imports of coated woodfree paper sheetsSwitzerland (WT/DS119)
Source: WTO documents (including WT/DS/OV/6,  3 May 2002).Australia WT/TPR/S/104
Page 133
Table AIV.1
OECD indicators of support to Australian agriculture, 1999-01
($A  million and per cent)
1999-2001 1999 2000 2001a
Total value of production (at farm gate) 34,454 30,201 34,127 39,034
of which, share of MPS commodities (%) 77 75 77 79
Total value of consumption (at farm gate) 10,960 10,158 11,503 11,221
Producer Support Estimate (PSE) 1,625 1,759 1,516 1,600
Market price support (MPS) 150 438 7 6
of which, MPS commodities 114 330 6 5
Payments based on output 50 50 50 50
Payments based on area planted/animal numbers 25 0 37 37
Payments based on historical entitlements 91 0 91 183
Payments based on input use 1053 1058 1050 1051
Payments based on input constraints 0 0 0 0
Payments based on overall farming income 256 213 280 274
Miscellaneous payments 0 0 0 0
Percentage PSE 5 6 4 4
Producer NPC 1.01 1.02 1.00 1.00
Producer NAC 1.05 1.06 1.04 1.04
General Service Support Estimate (GSSE) 844 816 818 897
Research and development 578 579 569 586
Agricultural schools 0 0 0 0
Inspection services 61 55 42 84
Infrastructure 181 156 184 204
Marketing and promotion 9 10 8 8
Public stockholding 0 0 0 0
M i s c e l l a n e o u s 1 51 51 51 6
GSSE as a share of TSE (%) 35.8 31.7 36.7 39.4
Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) -175 -194 -110 -222
Transfers to producers from consumers -66 -194 -2 -3
Other transfers from consumers 0 0 0 0
Transfers to consumers from taxpayers -109 0 -108 -220
Excess feed cost 0 0 0 0
Percentage CSE -2 -2 -1 -2
Consumer NPC 1.01 1.02 1.00 1.00
Consumer NAC 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.02
Total Support Estimate (TSE) 2,360 2,575 2,226 2,278
Transfers from consumers 66 194 2 3
Transfers from taxpayers 2,293 2,381 2,223 2,275
Budget revenues 0 0 0 0
TSE as a share of GDP (%) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
a Provisional.
Note: Market price support (MPS) is net of producer levies and excess feed costs.
MPS commodities for Australia are:  wheat, other grains, rice, oilseeds, sugar, cotton, milk, beef and veal, sheepmeat, wool,
pigmeat, poultry, and eggs.
NPC:  Nominal Protection Coefficient.NAC:  Nominal Assistance Coefficient.
Source : OECD (2002), Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries:  Monitoring and Evaluation 2002, Paris.WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
Page 134
Table AIV.2
Levies affecting agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fisheries, 2002
Commodity Rates
GRAINS
Coarse grains
Barley, oats, sorghum 1.015% of farm gate valuea, b
Triticale, cereal rye, millet, canary seed 1.00% of farm gate valuea
Maize 0.70% of farm gate valuea
Cotton $A  2.25 per 227 kg.
Grain – legumes
Field peas, lupins, chick peas 1.015% of farm gate valuea, b
Faba beans, mung beans, pigeon peas, peanuts, navy beans,
vetch, cow peas, lentils1.00% of farm gate valuea
Oilseeds
Sunflower, linseed (inc. linola), soybean, safflower 1.00% of farm gate valuea
Rape-seed (inc. canola) 1.015% of farm gate valuea, b
Pasture seeds
Categories 1 (medics), 5 (serradela) $A  10.00 per tonne
Categories 2 (lucernes), 3 (clovers) $A  15.00 per tonne
Category 4 (subclovers) $A  11.00 per tonne
Rice
Rice NSW category 2 $A  1.30 per tonne
Sugar $A  0.12 per tonne
Wheat 1.015% of farm gate valuea, b
HORTICULTURE
Almonds
Almonds in shell $A  0.01 per kg.
Shelled $A  0.02 per kg.
Nonpareil in shells $A  0.015 per kg.
Apples and pears
Domestic apples $A  0.255 per box
Export apples $A  0.265 per box
Juicing apples $A  2.65 per tonne
Processing apples $A  5.30 per tonne
Domestic and export pears $A  0.285 per box
Juicing pears $A  2.85 per tonne
Processing pears $A  5.70 per tonne
Nashi
Export nashi $A  0.10 per single layer tray (4 kg.)
Juicing nashi $A  1.80 per tonne
Processing nashi $A  3.60 per tonne
Avocado
Avocados bulk $A  38.33 per tonne
Standard trays $A  0.23 per tray (6 kg.)
Cherry
Domestic and export $A  0.01 per kg.
Chestnut
Domestic and export $A  0.10 per kg.
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)Australia WT/TPR/S/104
Page 135
Commodity Rates
Citrus
Oranges in bulk $A  2.75 per tonne
Oranges not in bulk $A  0.055 per box (20 kg.)
Other citrus in bulk $A  2.00 per tonne
Other citrus not in bulk $A  0.04 per box
Custard apples
Domestic and export package $A  0.40 cents tray or box
Bulk $A  50.00 per tonne
Dried fruit export charge
Retrospective from 1 January 2000 $A  7.00 per tonne
Dried fruit research
Dried vine fruits $A  11.00 per tonne
Dried plums (prunes) $A  13.00 per tonne
Dried tree fruits (other than prunes) $A 32.00 per tonne
Grapes research
Less than 20 tonnes $A 0.00 (exempt)
20 tonnes and over $A 2.00 per tonne
Honey
Domestic and export rates 1.05 cents per kg.
Macadamia
Domestic and export $A 0.07 per kg.
Nursery products
Domestic and export 5.0% of purchase price
Onion
Domestic and export $A 0.40 per tonne
Passion fruit
In cartons $A 0.15 per 18 litre carton
Not in cartons $A 0.15 per 8 kg.
Processing passion fruit $A 0.01 per kg.
Potato
Domestic and export $A 0.50 per tonne
Stone fruit
Stone fruit not in bulk $A 0.05 per 5 kg. tray
Stone fruit not in bulk $A 0.10 per 10 kg. box
Stone fruit in bulk $A 0.01 per kg.
Strawberry
Runners $A 8.00 per 1,000 (or part thereof)
Vegetable
Domestic and export 0.5% of value
Wine export charge
$A 0.0 to $A 10m 0.20% of value
$A 10m  to $A 50m 0.10% of value between $A 10m and $A 50m plus above
$A 50m and over 0.05% of value over $A 50m plus both above
Wine grapes
Up to 10 tonnes $A 200 plus $A 3.00 per tonne
10 to 3,000 tonnes $A 180 plus $A 7.20 for each tonne (including the first 10 tonnes)
3,000 to 6,000 tonnes $A 21,780 plus $A 6.80 for each tonne over 3,000
6,000 to 9,000 tonnes $A 42,180 plus $A 5.00 for each tonne over 6,000
9,000 to 12,000 tonnes $A 57,180 plus $A 4.30 for each tonne over 9,000
12,000 to 20,000 tonnes $A 70,080 plus $A 3.60 for each tonne over 12,000
20,000 to 40,000 tonnes $A 98,880 plus 3.50 for each tonne over 20,000
Over 40,000 tonnes $A 168,880 plus $3.40 for each tonne over 40,000
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
Page 136
Commodity Rates
LIVESTOCK
Beef production $A 0.00a per kg.
Livestock slaughter
Buffaloes $A 10.33 per head
Sheep, lambs, goats $A 0.00a per head
Cattle export charge $A 0.00aper kg.
Chickens
Meat $A 0.2344 per 100 chicks
Laying $A 0.0787per chick
Cattle transaction/Export charge
Cattle, lot-fed cattle $A 3.50 per head
Bobbies $A 0.90 per head
Dairy (All milk levy)
Return of milk delivered to a manufacturer (All milk levy) Levy imposed on milkfat and protein in total milk received ex
farm.  From 12 July 2000, the rates for the All milk levy will be:
Promotion
Milkfat 1.4525 cents per kg.
Protein 3.5405 cents per kg.
Research
Milkfat 1.0150 cents per kg.
Protein 2.4740 cents per kg.
Corporation
Milkfat 0.1400 cents per kg.
Protein 0.3413 cents per kg.
Animal Health
Milkfat 0.0373 cents per kg.
Protein 0.0880 cents per kg.
Rate
Milkfat 0.6448 cents per kg.
Protein 6.4438 cents per kg.
Dairy adjustment levy
Levy imposed on the purchase for retail sale (or equivalent) of leviable products.  (Leviable milk products are defined as dair y products
marketed principally, or for use principally, as a beverage or an ingredient for use in making a beverage, for human consumptio n).
Dairy Industry Adjustment Authority From 8 July 2000, the rate will be:  11 cents per litre
Deer
Slaughter $A 0.105 per kg.
Export charge $A 7.75 per head
Velvet 3.5% sale value
Velvet export charge 3.5% declared value
Goat fibre 1.5% of sale value
Livestock export charge
Buffaloes $A 5.33 per head
Sheep, lambs, goats $A 0.00b per head
Livestock transaction chargec
(not payable on sheep or lambs sold for less than $A 5.00)
Sheep
when there is a defined sale price 2% of sale price
no defined sale price 20 cents
Lambs
when there is a defined sale price 2% of sale price
no defined sale price 80 cents
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)Australia WT/TPR/S/104
Page 137
Commodity Rates
Goats
when there is a defined sale price 37.7 cents per head
no defined sale price 37.7 cents
National residue survey (game animals)
Horses $A 4.20 per head
Game goats $A 0.03 per head
Game pigs $A 0.12 per head
Kangaroos $A 0.04 per head
Pig slaughter
Pigs $A 2.435 per head
Ratite slaughter
Emus $A 0.75 per head
Ostriches $A 1.25 per head
Kangaroo slaugther
Kangaroos $A 0.035 per head (not including NRS levy)
Aquatic animals exported $A 0.01 per kg.
Fin fish, abalone, other crustaceans and molluscs, other aquatic
animals or aquatic animal products$A 0.01 per kg.
Forest & wood products
Cypress and hardwood sawlogs $A 0.22 per cubic metre
Export woodchip hardwood pulplogs $A 0.035 per cubic metre
Export woodchip softwood and paper pulplogs $A 0.00 per cubic metre
Hardwood sawlogs $A 0.22 per cubic metre
Plywood and veneer logs $A 0.15 per cubic metre
Softwood sawlogs (other than cypress sawlogs) $A 0.29 per cubic metre
Wood panel pulplogs $A 0.10 per cubic metre
Shorn wool 3% of sale price (or f.o.b. price)
a Under the Meat Industry changes, which came into effect from 1 July 1998, the rate for this levy has been set at zero.
b Under the Meat Industry changes, which came into effect from 1 July 1998, the rate for sheep, lambs, and goats for this levy h as
been set at zero.
c Where there is a defined sale price no levy is payable unless a sheep or lamb is sold for $A 5.00 or  more;  where there is no
defined sale price the maximum levy payable per transaction on an ad valorem  basis is 20 cents for sheep and $A 1.50 for lambs.
Source : AFFA online information.  Available at:  http://www.affa.gov.au/corporate_docs/levies.html [23 March 2001].WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
Page 138
Table AIV.3
State-trading in selected activities in agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fisheries, 1995-98
State firm/items YearFirm's import
share in total
imports
(%)Firm's domestic
purchase share in
total production
(%)Firm's domestic
sales ('000
tonnes)
I.  Australian Dairy Corporation
Butter/Butteroil/Blends (HS 0405) 1995/96 0 39.2 0.0
1996/97 0 63.3 0.0
1997/98 0 57.9 0.0
Cheese (HS 0406) 1995/96 0 16.5 0.0
1996/97 0 16.6 0.0
1997/98 0 15.2 0.0
Skim milk powder (HS 0402.10) 1995/96 0 2.3 0.0
1996/97 0 5.4 0.0
1997/98 0 4.2 0.0
II.  Australian Wheat Board
Wheat (HS 1001) 1995/96 .. 91.8 1,839.0
1996/97 .. 92.2 2,677.0
1997/98 .. 74.1 ..
III.  Wool International
Wool (raw) (HS 5101) 1995/96 0 0.0 132.0
1996/97 0 0.0 117.0
1997/98 0 0.0 96.0
IV.  Queensland Sugar Corporation
Raw cane sugar (HS 1701.11) 1995/96 0 n.a. 927.0
1996/97 0 n.a. 894.0
1997/98 0 n.a. 774.0
V.  Grainco
Barley (HS 1003) 1995/96 0 1.5 62.0
1996/97 0 4.0 ..
1997/98 0 .. ..
VI.  New South Wales Grain Boards
Barley (HS 1003) 1995/96 0 14.2 330.0
1996/97 0 14.5 265.0
1997/98 0 .. ..
Sorghum (HS 1007) 1995/96 0 6.7 75.0
1996/97 0 5.3 75.0
1997/98 0 .. ..
VII.  Australian Barley Board
Barley (HS 1003) 1995/96 0 43.5 487.0
1996/97 0 37.0 513.0
1997/98 0 34.7 401.0
VIII.  Grain Pool of Western Australia
Barley (HS 1003) 1995/96 0 .. ..
1996/97 0 .. ..
1997/98 0 26.3 85.0
Lupins (HS 0713.90) 1995/96 0 .. ..
1996/97 0 .. ..
1997/98 0 72.6 30.0
Rapeseed (HS 1205) 1995/96 0 .. ..
1996/97 0 .. ..
1997/98 0 24.1 12.0
Table AIV.3 (cont'd)Australia WT/TPR/S/104
Page 139
State firm/items YearFirm's import
share in total
imports
(%)Firm's domestic
purchase share in
total production
(%)Firm's domestic
sales ('000
tonnes)
IX.  New South Wales Rice Marketing Board
Rice (HS 1006) 1995/96 8.4 .. 316.0
1996/97 14.1 .. 873.0
1997/98 6.7 .. 654.0
.. Not available.n.a. Not applicable.
a Percentage increase/reduction of average domestic sales price to import price.
Source: WTO document G/STR/N/4/AUS - G/STR/N/5/AUS, 10 October 2000.WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
Page 140
Table AIV.4
Tariffs and budgetary assistance net subsidy equivalents by manufacturing industrya, 2000/01
($A million)
Industry grouping Tariffs Budgetary Totalb
Food, beverages and tobacco 1,039.3 78.8 1,117.8
Textiles, clothing, footwear and leather (TCF) 756.6 112.6 809.9
Wood and paper products 278.8 26.6 305.2
Printing, publishing and recorded media 84.5 22.2 106.7
Petroleum, coal, chemical and associated products 578.0 202.6 778.8
Non-metallic mineral products 118.9 15.6 134.4
Metal products 572.0 95.2 664.9
Motor vehicles and parts (PMV) 819.9 639.7 886.5
Other transport equipment -18.7 52.1 33.3
Other machinery and equipment 239.9 155.4 390.5
Other manufacturing 110.9 45.1 144.3
Unallocated manufacturingc-1 0 6 . 0 5 6 . 0
Total 4,580.1 1,551.9 5,428.9
a The net subsidy equivalent is the dollar value of the net assistance to the land, labour, and capital resources used in a part icular
industry or activity.
b The total net subsidy equivalent has been adjusted to take account of programmes included in both tariff and budgetary
assistance.  These programmes include tariff concessions or tax expenditures such as the PMV export facilitation scheme, theAutomotive Competitiveness and Investment Scheme, the TCF import credits scheme, duty drawback, and TRADEX.
c Unallocated includes general programmes where details of claimants and/or beneficiaries is unknown.
Source: Productivity Commission (2001), Trade & Assistance Review 2000-2001,  Table 2.2 [Online], 11 December,
annual Report Series 2000-2001, AusInfo.  Available at:  http://www.pc.gov.au [28 February 2001].Australia WT/TPR/S/104
Page 141
Table AIV.5
Main support schemes to manufacturing, 2002
Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
A.  General industry incentives
(i)  Project By-Law Scheme (PBL)
Import duty concessions  on
capital equipment not manufactured
in Australia (unless imported goodsare proven to be technologically
more advanced than the locally
made goods).To assist proponents of major
resource processing and
agriculture-based industrieswhilst providing opportunities
for local manufacturing
industries to supply capital
equipment.Beneficiaries are major mining,
resource processing,
manufacturing and agriculture-
based industries.Introduced in 1998.
Total value of capital equipment
(from Australia and overseas) used
for each significant phase of aparticular project must exceed $A
10 million.Forgone fiscal revenue was
estimated at $A 15 million
(1999/00).
Enhanced Project By-LawScheme (EPBS)
Import duty concessions on capitalequipment not manufactured in
Australia (unless imported goods
are proven to be technologicallymore advanced than locally made
goods).To enhance investment in the
establishment of world class
operations and encourage the
involvement of Australianindustry in supplying goods and
services.
To lower input costs for industry
where there are sound reasons
for doing so and facilitateAustralian industry participation
in domestic and global supply
chains.Beneficiaries are major mining,
resource processing,
manufacturing food, and gas
supply industries.
Applicant need only apply once
for concession on entire project.
Total value of capital equipment
(from Australia and overseas)used for each significant phase
of a particular project must
exceed A$10 million.To be introduced 1 July 2002.
Cost of the EPBS is estimated
at an additional A$46 million
(2001/02)
(ii) Tradex
Exemption from customs duty,
GST and other taxes except excise,
on imported goods intended for re-
export or to be used as inputs to
exports.To strengthen Australia’s
international competitiveness
and give effect to the overall
policy objective to put in place a
more competitive customs
regime thereby encouragingexports, economic growth and
employment.In 2000/01, around 700 to 800
exporting companies were to
benefit from the scheme.Introduced in June 2000
without a termination date.
In 2000/01 it was to cost some
$A 100 million in forgone
revenue.
B. Industry-specific incentives
(i) Shipbuilding Bounty
Bounty of 3% of eligible costsincurred in the construction ormodification of a bountiable vessel.To provide transitional support
to the industry whileinternational
measures/disciplines to phase out
subsidies to the industry arebeing developed.Beneficiaries are shipbuilders
registered under the Bounty(Ships) Act 1989.Introduced in 1947 and phased
out by 31 December 2000.
In 2000/01 bounty spending
was estimated at $A
13.5 million.
Table AIV.5 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
Page 142
Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
A bountiable vessel is one that is
between 150 and 20,000 gross
construction tonnes, constructed ormodified in Australia (on the basis
of contracts entered into on or
before 31 December 2000 anddelivered on or before
31 December 2003), and satisfies
other criteria of the BountyAct 1989.  Vessels built for the
Commonwealth or a
Commonwealth Agency, and forexport directly or indirectly to
New Zealand are excluded.
(ii) Shipbuilding Innovation Scheme (SIS)
Financial assistance at a rate of
50% of innovation expenditure (i.e.
R&D activities related to
construction or modification andcarried on during the period
commencing 1 July 1999 and
ending 30  June 2004), up to a totalof 2% of the eligible production
costs of a bountiable vessel (see
shipbuilding bounty above).To encourage a strengthened
focus on product R&D and
design innovation in the
shipbuilding industry.Beneficiaries are shipbuilders
registered under the
Bounty(Ships) Act 1989.Implemented between
July 1999 and June 2004.
In 2000/01 spending under
this scheme was estimated at
$A 9.5 million.
(iii) Printing Industry Competitiveness Scheme (PICS)
Reimbursement of 4% of the (local
or imported) paper input costs of
books, that satisfy eligibility
criteria.To assist the Australian book
printing industry by
compensating book printers for
tariff inflated input costs.Beneficiaries are printers of
eligible books.Implemented from
January 1999 and to
June 2003.
Total payments under thisscheme are to attain
$A 17 million.
Catalogues, advertising material,
telephone directories, and annual
reports are not eligible.
(iv) Book Industry Assistance Plan
Financial support for book printing
and publishing, primary schoollibraries, purchasers of educational
text books, compensation for the
loss of earning by authors and
publishers, and for the promotion o f
books.To assist the Australian book
industry become morecompetitive and meet the
challenges of the global
marketplace, providecompensation for the multiple
use of books in educational
libraries and to encourage the
reading of books.The main beneficiaries are
printing and publishing firms,primary schools and their
students, purchasers of
educational textbooks andauthors and publishers whose
books are educational lending
libraries.Introduced in 2000/01 Budget.
Total spending of$A 240 million over four
years.
(v) Book Production – Enhanced Printing  Industry Competitiveness Scheme (EPIC)
Grants for a range of commercially
oriented activities in the book
production process excluding,inter alia,  the purchase of
infrastructure or capital equipment.
Part of the Book Industry
Assistance Plan (see above).To encourage the use of
innovative technologies,
improved business practices,
training and skills development.Beneficiaries are incorporated
bodies involved in book
production in Australia;  andgroup/joint applicants including
other companies, statutory
bodies, non-profit organizations,
and educational institutions.Implemented from July 2000
to July 2004.
$A 5.8 million for financial
year 2000/01.
(vi) Automotive Competitiveness and Investment Scheme (ACIS)
Quarterly issue of import dutycredit rewards to eligible
production, strategic investment,and research and development.To encourage new investment
and innovation.Beneficiaries include:
motor vehicle producers;
automotive componentproducers;
automotive machine tool and
tooling producers;  andautomotive service providers.Implemented between
1 January 2001 and
31 December 2005.A fiscal cap of $A 2.0 billion
is to apply to benefits paid
over the five years of ACIS.
Table AIV.5 (cont'd)Australia WT/TPR/S/104
Page 143
Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
Credits may be used to discharge
customs duty on eligible
automotive imports.  Duty credits
may also be sold or transferred.To help the industry maintain its
progress in the transition towards
becoming a competitive player
in the global market.A limit of benefits to 5% of sales
in the previous year will apply to
those accessing the Scheme.Forgone duty revenue between
1 January and 30 June 2001
was estimated at
$A 200 million.
(vii) Passenger Motor Vehicle (PMV) Manufacturing Plan
Duty-free entitlement (DFA) allows
passenger motor vehicle producersto import original equipment duty
free for amounts equivalent to up to
15% of their value of production
under certain conditions.To encourage the manufacture
and assembly of PMVs andPMV components (original
equipment components).PMV benefits apply to:
motor vehicle producers of atleast 30,000 passenger motor
vehicles each calendar year,
either for domestic or exportsale;  and, specialist component
producers importing automotive
original equipment componentsfor use in the local production of
PMVs.Introduced in 1992, the
arrangements were ended on31 December 2000.
Annual cost of the Plan is
estimated at:  DFA benefits$A 232 million;  and EFS
benefits at $A 280 million.
Export Facilitation Scheme (EFS)enables any exporter of eligible
goods to earn export credits based
on the value-added component of
their exports;  credits may be usedto settle customs duty liabilities for
automotive imports.To expand production volumes
beyond the Australian marketand compete in the global
market.Beneficiaries were estimated at
350 for the first half of 2000-01.Exporters of eligible automotive
goods had to export these before
31 December 2000 and receivepayment before 30 June 2001.
Earned credits could be utilized
until end December 2001.
(viii) Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear (TCF)  Strategic Investment Programme (SIP) Scheme
Five types of reimbursement grants
are available, all paid annually and
in arrears:
Type 1 grants for new plant and
equipment, building or structure
and/or alterations to an existingbuilding or structure and
environmental upgrade of existing
plant or equipment as well as
acquisition of new computer
hardware or software;To promote the development of
sustainable and internationally
competitive textiles, clothing,
footwear, and leather (TCF&L)industries in Australia during the
transition to a more competitive
trading environment after 2005.Beneficiaries are TCF&L entities
undertaking the manufacture
and/or design for manufacture of
eligible TCF&L activities inAustralia during the operative
years of the programme.Introduced for the period
2000/01-2004/05.
Total cost is estimated at
approximately $A 680 million.
Type 2  grants  for research and
development (including innovative
product development);
Type 3 matching value-added
grants;
Type 4 special grants for second-hand plant and equipment for
restructuring initiatives in TCF
dependent communities;  and
Type 5 special miscellaneous grantsfor ancillary activities relating to
restructuring initiatives in TCF
dependent communities.
Table AIV.5 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
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Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
(ix) Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear Import Credit Scheme (TCF/ICS)
Import credits  to reduce the
customs duty payable on TCF
imports.To encourage further
development of activities in
which Australia is more
internationally competitive;  and,to facilitate the rationalization
and restructure of the Australian
TCF industry.Beneficiaries must have made
export sales of eligible TCF
product to an overseas customer
of greater than $A 100,000 andto have been paid for those
products.
Credits earned during the periodof the scheme could be used
until December 2001.Implemented between
July 1991 and 30 June 2000
(except for exports to Forum
Island countries for which anextension was made until
30 September 2000 to reduce
the effect of the removal of theICS on Fiji's TCF sector).
In 1999/2000, import credits
attained $A 150 million.
(x) Textiles, Clothing, Footwear, and Leather (TCFL) Expanded Overseas Assembly provisions (EOAP) scheme
Customs duty concessions  to firms
assembling garments and footwear
overseas from predominantly
Australian fabric and/or leather andthen importing them back into
Australia for local consumption.
Customs duty is paid only on theoverseas content of the assembled
goods.To provide a post-2000
alternative strategy for
Australian TCF industry to
counter international competitivepressures through a combination
of cost-competitive off shore
assembly and sourcing of
finished apparel and footwear.Beneficiaries are any Australian
TCF and/or leather (TCFL)
manufacturing and/or design
firms.Implemented as from
June 1999.
Estimated cost $A 40 million
until 2005.
(xi) Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear (TCF) Corporatewear Programme
Tax deduction of expenses for  the
rental, purchase or maintenance ofnon-compulsory occupational
clothing made in Australia  and
registered on the Approved
Occupational Clothing Register.To provide industry support
through sourcing of corporateuniforms from Australian based
TCF suppliers.Beneficiaries must register
approved occupational clothing.Implemented since
September 1993;  the nature ofthe programme does not allow
for accurate cost estimates.
(xii) The Petroleum Products Freight Subsidy Scheme (PPFSS)
Partial reimbursement of freightcosts of diesel, petrol, and aviation
fuel from refining ports andseaboard terminals to remote parts
of Australia;  subsidy rates andeligible locations are gazetted.To provide relief to rural and
remote areas for the cost of
freighting eligible petroleumproducts to remote parts of
Australia.Beneficiaries are oil companies
and independent distributors
transporting fuel to remote
areas.Implemented since 1965.
In 2000/01 its estimated cost
amounts to $A 3.5 million.
C. Innovation
(i) R&D Start Grants and Loans
Five separate elements of funding:
Core Start  grants for R&D
projects up to 50% of project costsfor companies with an annual
turnover of less than $A 50
million;Increase the number of R&D
projects with high commercial
potential;  foster innovation;foster greater commercialization
of outcomes from R&D projects;
and foster R&D projects bycompanies working together or
working with research
institutions.Assistance available to non-tax
exempt companies, incorporated
in Australia.Funding decisions are made by
the Industry Research and
Development Board.From 1998 to 2006;  total
estimated cost $A 1.7 billion.
In 1999-2000, 219 companiesreceived $A 177 million;
value for 2000-2001 was
$A 180 million.
Start Plus  grants for R&D
projects up to 20% for companies
with an annual turnover of $A
50 million or more;
Start Premium  additional
repayable assistance for high
quality R&D projects (this
assistance "tops up" grantsreceived under either Core Start or
Start Plus to a maximum of
56.25% of eligible project costs);
Table AIV.5 (cont'd)Australia WT/TPR/S/104
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Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
Start Graduate  assistance to
Australian companies, with lessthan $A 50 million turnover, to
employ a graduate on a specific
R&D-related project (incollaboration with a research
institution, up to two years
duration and the maximum grant is$A 100, 000 (50% of eligible
project costs));  and
Concessional Loans  for the
commercialization of technological
innovation to companies/groups
employing fewer than 100 persons(loans for 50% of eligible project
costs, with interest waived during
the first three years of the projectand then charged at 40% of the
Commonwealth Bank Loan Index
Rate projects to be completedwithin three years and the loan
repaid in the following three
years).
(ii) R&D Tax Concession
Allows companies to deduct up to125% of qualifying expenditure
incurred on R&D activities, when
lodging their corporate tax return.Under legislation passed in
September 2001 the incentive has
been  enhanced through:To enhance and increase the
amount of R&D being conducted
within Australia.Australian companies registered
with the IR&D Board and able to
demonstrate that the R&D
activities satisfy the statutory
eligibility requirements.Introduced in 1985.
Tax revenue foregone for all
industries:
125% tax concessions:$A 500m (1998)
$A 400m (1999)
$A 430m (2000)$A 450m (2001)
$A 420m (2002)
The new 175% Premium R&D
Tax Concession allowing
companies a deduction of 175%
for incremental expenditureincurred above the previous three
years average.To provide a higher level of
support for those companies that
increase their level of R&D.
Also to encourage sustainedbusiness investment in R&D on
a long term basis leading to a
more innovative and productive
culture in Australia.Australian companies, or any
member company of a group,
that for each of the three
previous years were registeredwith the IR&D Board or who
were eligible for a Start Grant.
The 175% is then available inthe relevant year for a
companies' portion of any
incremental expenditure incurredby group companies which
exceeds the group average
incremental, eligible expenditure
for the previous three years.3,142 registrations
representing spending of
$A 5.05 billion on R&D for
1998/99 financial year(equivalent to an estimated
$A 450 million fiscal revenue
forgone).
Tax revenue forgone for all
industries:175% Premium:
Nil (from 1998 to 2001)
$A 40m (2002)
The new R&D Refundable Tax
Offset -  allowing small companies,
particularly tax-loss companies, toobtain the equivalent of the 125%
R&D Tax Concession and, where
eligible, the 175% Premium R&DTax Concession as a cash
equivalent when their tax liabilities
are assessed.To provide small companies
with a rebate equivalent to the
value of the R&D concession.This provides support and
increased cash flow to
innovative, small companieswho are in tax loss, and who
cannot otherwise gain immediate
benefit from the R&D
concession.Generally, a company claiming
the refundable tax offset must be
registered with the IR&D Boardat the time of lodging the
relevant tax return.Tax revenue forgone for all
industries:
Refundable tax offset:
Nil (from 1998 to 2002)
Table AIV.5 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
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Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
(iii) Cooperative Research Centres (CRC)
CRCs constitute a link between
those who conduct the research and
those who need to use the results of
the research.To enhance:
the contribution of long-term
scientific and technological
research and innovation toAustralia's sustainable economic
and social development;
the transfer of research outputsinto commercial or other
outcomes of economic,
environmental or social benefitto Australia;
the value to Australia of graduate
researchers;  andcollaboration among researchers,
between researchers and industry
or other users, and to improveefficiency in the use of
intellectual and other research
resources.Researchers in universities,
Commonwealth and State
Government Research agencies,
and research users, either inindustry or the public sector.
CRC selection rounds are
usually conducted every twoyears.  72 centres have been
selected over seven selection
rounds conducted in 1990, 1991,1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, and
2000.Introduced in 1990.
In March 2001, 63 CRCs with
seven-year programme
funding of around$A 140 million per year.
Industry commitments total
$A 1.78 billion, over the lifeof all centres established to
date.
(iv) Technology Diffusion Programme (TDP)
Grants programme comprising
three elements:  technology
alliances, technology transfer, and
online business.To promote international science
and technology collaboration and
attraction and diffusion of
leading-edge technologies to
Australian industry.Individuals, businesses,
academic institutions, research
organizations,
State/Territory/CommonwealthGovernment agencies.
187 estimated total
beneficiaries (2000/01).$A 108 million over four
years from 1998/99 onwards.
(v) Australian Technology Showcase (ATS)
International campaign in the
spotlight of the 2000 Olympics and
beyond.Increase local exports and attract
investment into local companies;
Raise the awareness of the local
industry about the range ofdomestic know-how available;
and to support and encourage
innovation, commercialization
and technology diffusion in
Australian industry.Australian companies having
developed a leading edge
technology, and are seeking to
either:establish a new market for it;
increase their customer base;  or
locate joint venture partners.
University spin-off companies.Launched on 17 April 1997;
expected to operate until 2003.
R&D Start and COMET (seeVenture Capital) beneficiaries
(in participating States and
Territories) are given preferentialentry into the ATS as they have
already been assessed by the
Commonwealth as being highlyinnovative, leading-edge
Australian companies.
By March 2001 there were over
280 members of the ATS.
Table AIV.5 (cont'd)Australia WT/TPR/S/104
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Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
D. Venture Capital
(i) Commercializing Emerging Technologies (COMET)
Two forms of assistance:
management skills development
funding half the cost of a
management skills course related toinnovative practices and
commercialization, up to a
maximum amount of $A 5,000;To increase the
commercialization of innovative
products, processes, and
services.Assistance available over a
maximum period of two years to:
early stage growth company  
(early stages of commercializingan innovation, average annual
income over the previous
two years of $A 4 million orless, a revenue not exceeding $A
5 million in either year, and be
less than five years old at the
time of application);  individuals.Introduced in 1999.
Tailored assistance for
commercialization (business
planning, market research,intellectual property strategy,
working prototype and proven
technology) funding 80% of thecost, up to $A 50,000 or $A
100,000 for exceptional applicants.Spin-off companies formed by
individuals from either public or
private research institutions witheither a written agreement, a
licensing arrangement, or an
arrangement to exploittechnology, developed at the
research institution.Provides funding of
$A 70 million over three-year
period.
(ii) Innovation Investment Fund (IIF)
Eight to nine funds supplyingventure capital (equity) to smallcompanies in the early stages of
development.To encourage the development
of new technology companiesthat are commercializing R&D;
develop a self-sustaining
Australian early stage,technology-based venture capital
market;  commercialize the
outcomes of Australia’s strongresearch and development
capability;  establish in the
medium term a "revolving" orself-funding scheme;  and
develop fund managers with
experience in the early-stage
venture capital industry.New and early stage technology
companies seekingcommercialization funding from
licensed private sector providers.Introduced in 1998.
Total funding of more than$A 345 million;
$A 230 million in
Government funding to bematched by private-sector
investors on an up to 2:1 basis
over a ten-year period.
(iii) Renewable Energy Equity Fund (REEF)
Supply of venture capital.  Basedon the existing InnovationInvestment Fund (IIF) model and
operated in the same way as other
venture capital investment funds.To encourage the development
of companies and otherincorporated bodies that are
commercializing R&D in
renewable energy technologies,by addressing capital
management constraints;  and to
develop fund managers withexperience in the renewable
energy industry.Beneficiaries are companies
commercializing renewableenergy technology, and must:
be at the seed, start-up, or early
expansion stage of development;have a majority of employees
(by number) and assets (by
value) inside Australia;  andhave an average annual revenue
over the previous two years of
income that does not exceed $A4 million per year and a revenue
in either year not in excess of $A
5 million.Introduced in 1997.
Total capital sum flowing torenewable energy research is
expected to be around
$A 30 million.
One-off sum of
$A 17.7 million to be matchedon a 2:1 basis with private-
sector capital.
REEF is administered by
AusIndustry in conjunction with
the Australian Greenhouse
Office.
Table AIV.5 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/104 Trade Policy Review
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Programme/content/terms Objective(s) Coverage and eligibility criteria Duration and cost
(iv) Pooled Development Funds (PDF)
Supply of equity capital for
growing Australian small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
and concessional tax treatment(15% tax rate for PDF income
earned from SME investments,
tax-free dividends and capital
gains).To develop and demonstrate the
market for patient equity capital,
including venture capital, for
growing SMEs and to provide amore competitive tax regime for
such investments.PDFs may invest:
only in Australian SMEs with
total assets of not more than $A
50 million;  andwhere the equity will help either
to establish a new business,
substantially expand productioncapacity or services, or expand
or develop markets.
Terms for providing capital
include provisions outlined plus:
(a)  subscribing for or buying
shares (shares must be new
ordinary shares in the investee).
(b)  acquiring non-transferable
options to buy shares.
(c)  lending money to companies
(must be to existing investeecompanies and other limits are
imposed, e.g. not more than 20%
of PDFs funds.Introduced in 1992.
This measure is ongoing in
200/01.Tax revenue foregone:
less than $A 1 million (1998)
less than $A 1 million (1999)$A 3 million (2000)
$A 5 million (2001)
$A 8 million (2002)
Moreover, the investment mustnot be for retail sale operation,
and the acquisition or disposal of
an interest in, or development of
land.As of 31 July 2000, 98 PDFs
were registered and about $A
510 million capital had been
raised from individuals andinstitutional investors for
investment purposes, of which
over $A 200 million had been
invested in 200 SMEs.
Source: Online information by AusIndustry (agency of the Commonwealth Department of Industry, Science and Resources
(ISR).  Available at:  http://www.ausindustry.gov. au/documents/dir28/doc501128.html [28 March 2001].
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