RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONTN/S/O/SGP
15 July  2003
(03-3836)
Council for Trade in Services
Special SessionOriginal:  English
COMMUNICATION FROM SINGAPORE
Initial Offer
The following initial offer has been received from the delegation of Singapore on
10 July 2003 April with the request that it be circulated to Members of the Council for Trade in
Services.
_______________
In accordance with the mandate agreed to in paragraph 15 of the Doha Development Agenda,
submitted herewith is Singapore’s initial services offer.
This initial offer is presented without prejudice to Singapore’s rights to amend, withdraw or
modify it in any manner whatsoever and at any point of time before the conclusion of these
negotiations, particularly in response to the level of offers made by other Members.  Singapore further
reserves the right to make technical amendments to this offer and make corrections to rectify any
errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in this offer as well as to clarify and interpret the terms and
conditions of this offer.
The classification of service sectors in this initial offer is based on the 1991 provisional
Central Product Classification (CPC) of the United Nations Statistical Office unless otherwise
indicated by the absence of a CPC number.  The ordering reflects the services sectoral classificationlist as used in the GATT document MTN.GNS/W/120 dated 10 July 1991.
The editorial conventions used in this initial offer follow the guidelines established by the
WTO Secretariat in JOB(02)/88, i.e.:
• BOLD – New text
• STRIKE OUT
 – Deleted text
• ITALICS  – Where any new or deleted text constitutes merely a technical refinement
that does not alter the scope or substance of an existing commitment
• In addition:
{  } – information annotated solely for the purposes of explanations and does not
form part of the proposed commitmentTN/S/O/SGP
Page 2
Please direct any queries on this offer to:
(i) Charlene Chang (Ms.)
Ministry of Trade and Industry
Tel: (65) 6332 9756Fax: (65) 6334 5848
E-mail:  charlene_chang@mti.gov.sg
(ii) Joshua Lee (Mr.)
Ministry of Trade and Industry
Tel: (65) 6332 3171
Fax: (65) 6334 5848E-mail:  joshua_lee@mti.gov.sgTN/S/O/SGP
Page 3SINGAPORE – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED INTHIS SCHEDULE
I. Presence of natural persons unbound, except for intra-
corporate transferees (see below)I. Unbound
II. Temporary movement of skilled personnel unbound
except for the temporary movement of intra-corporate
transferees at the level of managers, executives and
specialists. Intra-corporate transferees refers tomanagers, executives and specialists, as defined below,who are employees of firms that provide services withinSingapore through a branch, subsidiary, or affiliateestablished in Singapore and who have been in the prior
employ of their firms outside Singapore for a period of
not less than one year immediately preceding the date oftheir application for admission and who are one of thefollowing:II. UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 4
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(a) Managers – persons within an organization who
primarily direct the organization, or a department or sub-
division of the organization, supervise and control thework of other supervisory, professional or managerialemployees, have the authority to hire and fire orrecommend hiring, firing, or other personnel actions(such as promotion or leave authorization), and exercise
discretionary authority over day-to-day operations.
Does not include first-line supervisors, unless theemployees supervised are professionals, nor does itinclude employees who primarily perform tasks
necessary for the provision of the service.
(b) Executives  - persons within the organization who
primarily direct the management of the organization,exercise wide latitude in decision-making, and receive
only general supervision or direction from higher-level
executives, the board of directors, or stockholders of thebusiness.  Executives would not directly perform tasksrelated to the actual provision of the service or services
of the organization.
(c) Specialists  – persons within an organization who
possess knowledge at an advanced level of expertise
and who possess proprietary knowledge of the
organization's service, research equipment, techniques,or management.  (Specialists may include, but are notlimited to, members of licensed professions).TN/S/O/SGP
Page 5Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Entry for these intra-corporate transferees is limited to a
three year period that may be extended for up to two
additional years for a total term not to exceed five years
Entry for these intra corporate transferees is limited
to a two year period that may be extended for up tothree additional year s each time for a total term not
exceeding eight years.
III. Commercial presence, right of
establishment and movement ofjuridical persons are subject tocompliance with the following
provisions:
- A foreigner who wishes to register a
business firm must have a local
manager who should be a Singaporecitizen or a Singapore PermanentResident or a Singapore EmploymentPass holder.  (However, a foreignerwho is a Singapore Permanent
Resident or a Singapore Employment
Pass holder can register a businesswithout appointing a local manager.)TN/S/O/SGP
Page 6
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
- At least one director of the company
must be locally resident
All branches of foreign companies
registered in Singapore must have at
least 2 locally resident agents.  (To
qualify as locally resident, a personshould be either a Singapore citizenor Singapore Permanent Resident or
Singapore Employment Pass holder.)
IV. Specific commitments in market access in any sector
or subsector, through any mode of delivery, shall notbe construed to override the limitations established in
the financial services sectorIV. None
V. Unbound for subsidies except for
specific commitments contained in
WTO document GATS/SC/76 (15
April 1994), GA TS/SC/76 Suppl.2
(11 April 1997) andGATS/SC/76/Suppl.3 (26 February
1998)TN/S/O/SGP
Page 7Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
b. Accounting/Auditing 
Services  (CPC 8621)1) None, other than public accountants must be effectively
resident in Singapore or at least one of the partners of
the firm must be effectively resident in Singapore1) None
2) None
3) As in mode 1)
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal Section2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
c. Taxation Services
Taxation Services 1)     None, other than public accountants must be effectively
resident in Singapore or at least one of the partners of
the firm must be effectively resident in Singapore.
Only Public Accountants registered with the Public
Accountants Board Singapore can practise as tax
Consultants for local tax laws.1)    None
2)    None
3)    As in mode 1)
4)    Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section2)    None
3)    None
4)    Unbound
- Taxation services except 
for other tax-related services (CPC 863**)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 8
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
- Other tax-related services 
(CPC 86309**)1) None, other than public accountants must be
effectively resident in Sin gapore or at least one of
the partners of the firm mu st be effectively resident
in Singapore.  Only P ublic Accountants registered
with the Public Accountants Board Singapore can
practise as tax Consultants for local tax laws.
2) None
3) As in mode 1)4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal
section1) None
2) None
3) None4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 9Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
d. Architectural Services
(CPC 8671)1) None
2) None
3) Limited Corporations
- Only registered architect or allied professionals
(Professional Engineers or Land Surveyors) shall be
director of the corporation
- Not less than two-thirds or such lower proportion as the
Minister for National Development may specify in
relation to any corporation of each class of shares of the
corporation shall be beneficially owned by andregistered architects or allied professionals who areeither directors, managers or employees of the
corporation.
- Architectural work in Singapore will be under the
control and management of a director of the corporation
who is a registered architect ordinarily resident in
Singapore and who has a valid certificate and isregistered owner of at least one share of the corporation1) None
2) None
3) None
Unlimited Corporation
- Only registered architects or allied professionals
(Professional Engineers or Land Surveyors) shall be a
director of the corporation
- The articles of association of the corporation provide
that any person who is neither a registered architect nor
an allied professional, or is a nominee of such a person,or is not a director, manager or employee of thecorporation, shall not be registered as a member of that
corporationTN/S/O/SGP
Page 10
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
- The business of the corporation, so far as it relates to
architectural services, will be under the control and
management of a director of the corporation who:
- is a registered architect ordinarily resident in
Singapore;
- has in force a practising certificate authorizing him
to engage in the practice of architecture;  and
- is a member, or a registered owner of at least one
share, of the corporation
Partnership
- The partnership consists of only registered architects
with valid practising certificates and alliedprofessionals;  and
- The supply of architectural services in Singapore will
be under the control and Management of a partner whois a Registered architect, ordinarily resident in
Singapore and who has a valid practising certificate
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 11Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
e.Engineering Services
(CPC 8672**)
The sectors covered by
Engineering services are:
(a) Civil engineering services
(b) Production engineering 
services
(c) Mechanical engineering 
services
(d) Electrical engineering 
services
(e) Electronic engineering 
services
(f) Aeronautical engineering 
services
(g) Marine engineering services
(h) Naval architectural 
engineering services
(i) Industrial engineering 
services
(j) Chemical engineering 
services1) None
2) None
3) Limited Corporations
- Only registered Professional Engineers or allied
professionals (registered Architects or Land Surveyors)shall be director of the corporations
- Not less than two-thirds or such lower proportion as the
Minister for National Development may specify inrelation to any corporation of each class of shares of the
corporation shall be beneficially owned by andregistered in the names of registered Professional
Engineers or allied professionals
- Professional engineering work in Singapore will be
under the control and Management of a director of the
Corporation who is a registered owner of at least oneshare of the corporation; who is a registeredProfessional Engineer ordinarily resident in Singapore
and who has a valid Certificate1) None, other than engineers should be
effectively resident in Singapore
2) None
3) NoneTN/S/O/SGP
Page 12
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Unlimited Corporation
- Only registered Professional Engineers or allied
professionals (registered Architects or Land Surveyors)
shall be a director of the corporation
- The articles of association of the corporation provide
that any person who is neither a registered Professional
Engineer nor an allied professional, or is a nominee of
such a person, or is not a director, manager or employeeof the corporation, shall not be registered as a memberof that corporation
- The business of the corporation, so far as it relates to
professional engineering work, will be under the control
and management of a director of the corporation who:
- is a registered Professional Engineer ordinarily
resident in Singapore;
- has in force a practising certificate authorizing him
to engage in such professional engineering work;
and
- is a member, or a registered owner of at least one
share, of the corporation
Partnership
- The partnership consists of only registered Professional
Engineers with valid practising certificates and allied
professionals;  and
- Professional engineering work in each discipline of
engineering in Singapore will be under the control andmanagement of a partner who is a registered
Professional Engineer in the relevant discipline,
ordinarily resident in Singapore and who has a validpractising certificate.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 13Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section 4) Unbound
Medical Services ,
specifically General
Medical Services (CPC93121) and Specialised
Medical Services (CPC
93122)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None, other than the number of new foreign doctors
registered each year may be limited depending on thetotal supply of doctors
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound
Dental Services
(CPC 93123)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
i.Veterinary Services
(CPC 932)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 14
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
B. Computer and Related 
Services
Computer Services
The services covered are:
- Software development
- Systems Integration
Services
- Data processing- Data base services
Telecommunication-related
services are excluded  (See
Value-Added Network (VAN)
services)   Commitments in
Telecommunication services are
recorded in 2.C of the Scheduleof Specific Commitments.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
C. Research and 
Development Services
a. R&D services on natural 
sciences, specifically biotechnology services and industrial research
(CPC 851**)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 15Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
b. R&D services on social 
sciences and humanities, 
specifically economic and behavioural research
(CPC 852**)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
D. Real Estate Services
b. Residential and non-
residential property
management services on afee or contract basis
(CPC 82201, 82202)1) None, except that only the Sentosa Development
Corporation is allowed to develop and manage the
resort island of Sentosa and its waterways and theSouthern Islands of Singapore.1) None, except that only the Sentosa
Development Corporation is
allowed to develop and manage theresort island of Sentosa and itswaterways and the Southern Islands
of Singapore.
2) None
3) None, except that only the Sentosa Development
Corporation is allowed to develop and manage theresort island of Sentosa and its waterways and the
Southern Islands of Singapore.2) None
3) None, except that only the Sentosa
Development Corporation isallowed to develop and manage theresort island of Sentosa and its
waterways and the Southern Islands
of Singapore.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal
section4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 16
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
E. Rental/Leasing Services 
without Operators
a. Relating to ships
(CPC 83103)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound
b. Relating to aircraft
(CPC 83104)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 17Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
F. Other Business Services
b. Market Research and
public opinion polling
services
Commercial Market Research (CPC 86401)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound
c. Management Consulting
Services
Management Consultancy
Services, including Office
Management and
Administrative Services
(CPC 865)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound
e. Technical testing and
analysis services
Technical testing and
analysis services of motor
vehicles (CPC 8676**)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 18
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Professional, Advisory and
Consulting Services
Relating  to Agriculture,Forestry, Fishery AndMining, including OilfieldServices (CPC 881**,
882**, 883**, 5115**)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
o.Building cleaning
services(CPC 874)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound
p. Photographic services
(CPC 875)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound
q. Packaging services
(CPC 876)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
section1) None
2) None3) None
4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 19Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
s. Convention Services
Exhibition Management
Services (CPC 87909**)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
t. Other
Economic and Behavioural
Research1)     None
2)     No ne
3)     None
4)     Unbound except as indica ted in the horizontal section1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound{Reclassified under
1.C.b. on page 15}
Biotechnology Services 1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound except as indica ted in the horizontal section1)     No ne
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound{Reclassified under
1.C.a. on page 14}
Translation/Interpretation 
Services (CPC 87905)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 20
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Interior Design Services, Excluding Architecture 
(CPC 87907**)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
Public Relations 
Consultancy Services1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound{Reclassified under
1.F.c. on page 17}
Advertising Consultancy 
Services1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the Horizontal section1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound{Reclassified under
1.F.c. on page 17}
Information Technology 
Consultancy Services1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound except as indica ted in the horizontal section1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound{Reclassified under
1.F.c. on page 17}
Buildings and facilities
management services,
including cleaning of
building services1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound except as indica ted in the horizontal section1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound{Reclassified under
1.D.b. on page 15 and
1.F.o. on page 18}TN/S/O/SGP
Page 21Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Industrial Research 1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound except as indica ted in the horizontal section1)     None
2)     None
3)     None
4)     Unbound{Reclassified under
1.C.a. on page 14}
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
B. Courier Services
Courier Services in respect
of documents and parcels,excluding letters andpostcards1) Unbound
2) None3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound
C. Telecommunication Services*
General Conditions statement
Commitments undertaken in this schedule are subject to the following conditions:
1.     Each service listed in subsectors 1 and 2 must be licensed through a public tender process.
1. The number of licences may be limited due to scarce resources, such as rights of way and availability of frequency spectrum.
2.This excludes services regulated under the Broadcasting Act.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 22
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
1. Basic Telecommunication 
Services (facilities-based):
(a) Public Switched Services 1
(local and international)
(b) Leased Circuit Services
(local and international)
*      Excludes services regulated 
under the Singapore 
Broadcasting Authority Act.1) Subject to commercial arrangements with licensed
operator(s).
2) None
3) Up to two additional operators will be licensed in 1998
for the provision of these services commencing 1 April
2000. Thereafter, additional licences will be granted.
A cumulative total of 73.99% foreign Shareholding,
based on 49% direct Investment and 24.99% indirect
Investment in these operators  is allowed.1) None
2) None
3) None, except as indicated in
horizontal commitments .As annexed 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal
commitments.4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal commitments.
2. Mobile Services:
(a) Public Mobile Data Service
(PMDS)
(b) Public Trunked Radio
Service (PTRS)
(c) Public Radio Paging Service
(PRPS)
(d) Public Cellular Mobile 
Telephone Service 
(PCMTS)1) Subject to commercial arrangements with licensed
operator(s).
2) None
3) None except for d), where more licences will be granted
from 1 April 2000.
A cumulative total of 73.99% foreign Shareholding,
based on 49% direct Investment and 24.99% indirect
investment in These operators  is allowed.
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the horizontal
commitments.1) None
2) None
3) None, except as indicated in 
horizontal commitments .
4) Unbound, except as indicated in the
horizontal commitments.As annexed
                                                     
1 This includes voice, data and facsimile services.
 TN/S/O/SGP
Page 23Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
3. Resale basis:
(a) Public Switched Services
(local and international) (not
including the use of leased
circuits connected to thepublic switched network)
(b) Leased Circuit Services
(local and international)(without connection to the
public switched network)
(c) Public Cellular Mobile
Telephone Services
(d) Public Radio Paging
Services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except as indicated in horizontal
commitments.1) None
2) None
3) None, except as indicated in
horizontal commitments.
4) Unbound , except as indicated in
horizontal commitments.As annexed
4. Value-added Network
(VAN) services:
The services covered are:
- electronic-mail
- voice-mail
- on-line information and
data-base retrieval
- electronic data interchange- on-line information and/or
data processing1) Provision of VAN services is subjected to licence from
the Telecommunication Authority of Singapore
(TAS) Infocomm Development Authority of
Singapore (IDA)
The basic requirements for VAN Licence are:
- Foreign companies are required to either set up a
local branch of their company duly registered with
the Registry of Companies and Businesses In
Singapore, or grant a power of Attorney to a local
agent for the Provision of their VAN services in
Singapore -VAN does not carry traffic which
resembles any of the basic telecommunication
services1) NoneTN/S/O/SGP
Page 24
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
2) None
3) Same as mode 1)
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
D. Audiovisual Services
(i) the services covered are
production, distribution andpublic display of
- motion pictures
- video recordings -
sound recordings, except where 
excluded under (ii)
(CPC 9611, CPC 9612)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound
(ii) All broadcasting and AV
services and materials that
are broadcasting-related areexcluded, examples being
- Free-to-air- broadcasting Cable and
pay television
- Direct broadcasting by 
satellite
- TeletextTN/S/O/SGP
Page 25Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
3. CONSTRUCTION AND 
RELATED 
ENGINEERING SERVICES
Construction Services
Consisting of:
- General Construction
for Buildings
(CPC 512)
- General Construction
work for civil
engineering (CPC 513)
- Installation and
assembly work(CPC 514 + 516)
- Building Completion
and finishing work(CPC 517)
- Others (CPC 511 + 515
+ 518)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
A. Insurance and Insurance-related Services
The commitments on financial services are made in accordance with the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the Ann ex on Financial Services.
All the commitments in this Schedule are subject to horizontal commitments in Singapore's GATS Schedule of Specific Commitments .  All the commitments in
this Schedule are also subject to entry requirements, domestic laws, guidelines, rules and regulations, terms and conditions of  the Monetary Authority of Singapore
(MAS) or any other relevant authority or body in Singapore, as the case may be, which are consistent with Article VI of the GAT S and paragraph 2 of the Annex
on Financial Services.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 26
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(a) Life insurance services
including annuity, disabilityincome, accident and health
insurance services1) Unbound
2) None1) Unbound
2) None
3) Foreign parties can only acquire equity stakes of up to
49% in aggregate in locally-owned insurance
companies provided the acquisition does not result inany foreign party being the largest shareholder.
Unbound for registration issuance 
of new insurance
companies   licences  and establishment of new
representative offices.3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section
(b) Non-life insurance servicesincluding disability income,accident and health insuranceand contracts of fidelity bonds,performance bonds or similar
contracts of guarantee1) Unbound
2) None except for
 that compulsory insurance of Motor
Third Party Liability and Workmen's Compensation
which can  may only  be purchased only  from registered
licensed  insurance companies in Singapore.1) Unbound
2) None
3) Foreign parties can only acquire equity stakes of up to
49% in aggregate in locally-owned insurance
companies provided the acquisition does not result inany foreign party being the largest shareholder.Unbound for registration  issuance 
of new insurance
licences  companies  and establishment of new
representative offices.3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 27Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(c) Reinsurance and
retrocession1) None
2) None
3) Reinsurance companies can establish as branches or
subsidiaries.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(d) Insurance intermediation
comprising broking and
agency services1) Unbound
2) Agents are not allowed to act for unregistered insurers.
With the exception of reinsurance risks and risks insured
by protection and indemnity clubs, brokers can only
place domestic risks outside Singapore with the approval
of MAS.  The placement of domestic risks outside
Singapore by brokers is subject to the approval of
MAS, with the exception of reinsurance risks andinsurance risks relating to maritime liabilities of
shipowners insured by protection & indemnity clubs.
3) Unbound except for admission of direct general
insurance and reinsurance brokers as locally
incorporated subsidiaries.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) Unbound
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 28
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(e) Services auxiliary to
insurance comprising
actuarial, loss adjustors,average adjustors andconsultancy services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
B. Banking and other financial services
The commitments on financial services are made in accordance with the GATS and the Annex on Financial Services.  All the commit ments in this schedule are
subject to horizontal commitments in Singapore's GATS Schedule of  Specific Commitments.  All the commitments in this Schedule a re also subject to entry
requirements, domestic laws, guidelines, rules and regulations, terms and conditions of MAS or any other relevant authority or body in Singapore, as the case may
be, which are consistent with Article VI of the GATS and paragraph 2 of the Annex on Financial Services.
(a) Acceptance of deposits and
other repayable funds from
the public1) Unbound
2) None1) Unbound
2) NoneTN/S/O/SGP
Page 29Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
3) Only institutions licensed or  approved as banks,
merchant banks and finance companies can accept
deposits.3) Commercial banks
Where a foreign financial institution is subject to
legislation in its home country which requires that
institution to confer lower priority to depositors of itsforeign offices vis-à-vis the home country depositors inreceivership or winding-up proceedings, the MAS mayexercise appropriate differentiated measures against thatforeign financial institution in Singapore to safeguard
the interest of the Singapore office's depositors.
Establishment and operation of foreign banks, merchant
banks and finance companies are also subject to thelimitations listed under activities B(a) to B(l) and the
following limitations:Foreign banks can operate from only
one office (excluding back-office
operations).  They cannot establish off-premise ATMs and ATM networkingand new sub-branches.  Unbound forprovision of all electronic bankingservices.  Location of banks and
relocation of banks and sub-branches
require prior approval from MAS.
Restricted banks can only accept
foreign currency fixed deposits from
and operate current accounts forresidents and non-residents.  ForSingapore dollar deposits, they canonly accept fixed deposits of
S$250,000 or more per deposit.
Offshore banks can accept foreign
currency fixed deposits from residents
and non-residents.  For Singaporedollar deposits, they can only acceptfixed deposits of S$250,000 or more
per deposit from non-residents.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 30
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Commercial banks
No new full and restricted banks.  New foreign banks
may only establish as offshore bank branches or
representative offices.  Representative offices cannot
conduct business or act as agents.
Banks, with MAS' approval, can operate foreign
currency savings accounts only for non-residents.  A
single/related group of foreign shareholders can onlyhold up to 5 per cent of a local bank's shares.  The limiton aggregate foreign ownership of each domestic bank'sshares has been increased from 20 per cent to 40 per
cent.
Merchant banks
Foreign banks and merchant banks may establish asmerchant bank subsidiaries or merchant bank branches.Merchant banks
Merchant banks can operate from only
one office (excluding back-officeoperations).  Location and relocation
of merchant banks require MAS' prior
approval.
Merchant banks can, with MAS'authorization, raise foreign currencyfunds from residents and non-residents, operate foreign currencysavings accounts for non-residents and
raise Singapore dollar funds from their
shareholders and companies controlledby their shareholders, banks, othermerchant banks and finance
companies.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 31Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Finance companies
No new finance companies.  Unbound for foreign
acquisition of shares in finance companies and transfer
or sale of foreign shareholdings in existing finance
companies to foreign parties.  All finance companies,local and foreign-owned, can only conduct Singaporedollar business.  With MAS' prior approval, eligiblefinance companies can also deal in foreign currencies,gold or other precious metals, and acquire foreign
currency stocks, shares or debt/convertible securities.Finance companies
Location of finance companies and
relocation of sub-branches require
MAS' prior approval.  Foreign-owned
finance companies cannot establishoff-premise ATMs, ATM networkingand new sub-branches.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
horizontal section.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 32
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(b) Lending of all types
including consumer credit,
mortgage credit, factoringand financing of commercialtransaction1) Unbound
2) None
3) (i) Other than in -house credit cards, C
credit and
charge cards may be issued by card issuers
approved by MAS subject to MAS' guidelines.
(ii) Singapore dollar loans by local and foreign-owned
financial institutions, to non-residents, non-resident
controlled companies and to residents for use
outside Singapore require MAS' prior approval.
Financial institutions extending Singapore
dollar (S$) credit facilities exceeding S$5 millionper entity to non-resident financial entities orarranging S$ equity or bond issues for non-
residents, shall ensure that where the S$
proceeds are to be used outside Singapore, they
are swapped or converted  into foreign currency
upon draw-down or before remittance aboard.
Financial entities sha ll not extend S$ credit 
facilities to non-resident financial entities if 
there is reason to believe that the S$ proceeds 
may be used for S$ currency speculation.
(iii) Establishment of credit companies which do not
conduct activities requiring MAS' approval is
allowed.1) None
2) None
3) Each offshore bank's lending in
Singapore dollars to residents shall not
exceed S$200m in aggregate.
Offshore banks should not use their
related merchant banks to circumvent
the S$200m lending limit.
Unbound for establishment of off-
premise cash dispensing machines for
credit and charge cards issuers .
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 33Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(c) Financial leasing 1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated for activity B(b) above.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None except as indicated for activity
B(b) above.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(d) Payment and money
transmission services,including credit, charge anddebit cards, travellers
cheques and bankers' drafts1) Unbound
2) None
3) Remittance shops, except where the remittance business
is conducted by banks and merchant banks, are required
to be majority owned by Singapore citizens.
Bankers' drafts can only be issued by banks.Only the following can issue stored value cards:
- a bank in Singapore licensed by MAS;  and
- a juridical person for the payment only of goods or
services or both goods and services provided by thatperson.  The limitations indicated in B.b)3) above also
apply to the activities listed in B.d).1) Unbound
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 34
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(e) Guarantees and
commitments1) None except for the limitations indicated in activity A.b)
for insurance companies providing contracts of fidelity
bonds, performance bonds or similar contracts ofguarantee.
2) None3) None except for the limitations indicated in activity A.b)
for insurance companies providing contracts of fidelitybonds, performance bonds or similar contracts ofguarantee, and B.b)3)(ii) above.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(f) Trading for own account or
for account of customers,whether on an exchange, inan over-the-counter market
or otherwise, the following:1) Unbound except for trading in products listed in B.(f)
for own account.  Trading in money market instruments,foreign exchange, as well as exchange rate and interestrate instruments can be conducted with financial
institutions only.1) None
-m o n e y  m a r k e t
instruments (including
cheques, bills,certificates of deposit)
- foreign exchange- derivative products,
including financialfutures and options
- exchange rate and
interest rateinstruments, includingswaps and forward rate
agreements2) None
3) Banks and merchant banks are required to set up
separate subsidiaries to trade financial futures for
customers.  Financial futures brokers can establish as
branches or subsidiaries.  The offer of derivativeproducts by both local and foreign-owned financial
institutions is allowed provided:
- the product has been offered by the financial institution
in other internationally-reputable financial centres andthe supervisory authorities of those centres agree to the
offer of such products in their markets;2) None
3) None except as indicated for activity
B(b) above.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 35Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
- transferable securities
- other negotiable
instruments and
financial assets,
including bullion- the financial institution's parent supervisor and its head
office must be aware and have no objection to the offer
of such products in the Singapore branch/subsidiary;and
- MAS is satisfied that the financial institution has and
continues to have the financial strength and adequateinternal controls and risk management systems to trade
in these products.
The offer of derivative products involving the Singapore
dollar is subject to the requirement indicated in
Bb)3)(ii).
Moneychangers, except where the moneychanging
business is conducted by banks and merchant banks, are
required to be majority owned by Singapore citizens.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizonal  horizontal
section.4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(g) Participation in issues of all
kinds of securities, includingunderwriting and placement
as agent and provision of
service related to such issues1) Unbound except for participation in issues of securities
for own account, and underwriting and placement ofsecurities through stockbroking companies, banks or
merchant banks in Singapore.1) NoneTN/S/O/SGP
Page 36
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
2)   None
3)   Foreign stockbroking companies can establish only as
non-members of the Stock Exchange of Singapore
(SES).   Non-members of SES can apply to become
Approved Foreign Brokers ( AFBs) of SES to trade
directly in non-Singapore dollar denominated securities
quoted on SES through terminals provided by SES to
such AFBs
SGX-ST will admit new trading members.  New
members will be able to trade directly in S$
denominated securities of  Singapore-incorporated
companies with resident investors for a minimum
value of S$200,000 .2) None
3) None except as indicated for activity
B(b) above.
Representative offices cannot conduct business or act as
agents.  Unbound for new membership on SES and for
foreign acquisition of new and existing equity interests
in SGX-ST  SES member companies.
Unbound for new international memberships.
International members can deal in foreign securities and
SES-quoted securities with non-residents and resident
companies which are substantially or beneficially owned
by non-residents.  They can also deal with residents in
foreign currency denominated securities quoted on SES.
For Singapore dollar denominated securities quoted on
SES, they can deal with residents only for transactions
above S$5m each.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 37Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Banks' and merchant banks' membership on  SGX-ST 
and SGX-DT  SES  must be held through subsidiaries.  
Unbound for new primary and registered dealers of Singapore Government Securities.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(h) Money broking 1) Unbound
2) None
3) Unbound for new money brokers.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(i) Asset management, such as
cash or portfoliomanagement, all forms ofcollective investmentmanagement, pension fundmanagement, custodial,
depository and trust services1) Unbound
2) None
3) Asset management companies, custodial depositories,
and trust services companies can establish as branches ,
or subsidiaries.  Only the Central Depositary Pte Ltd is
authorised to provide securities custodial depositoryservices under the scripless trading system.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) Unbound
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 38
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(j) Settlement and clearing
services for financial assets,
including securities,derivative products and othernegotiable instruments1) Unbound, except for the provision of settlement and
clearing services for financial assets which are listed on
overseas exchanges only.
2) None
3) Settlement and clearing services for exchange traded
securities and financial futures, and Singapore dollar
cheques and interbank funds transfer can only be
provided by Central Depository (Pte) Limited and
Singapore Exchange Derivatives Clearing Ltd . SES,
SIMEX and Banking  Computer Services Pte Ltd,
respectively.  Only one clearing house established
under the Banking Act may pr ovide clearing services
for Singapore dollar che ques and interbank fund
transfer.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) Unbound
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
(k) Advisory and other auxiliary
financial services, including
credit reference and analysis,
investment and portfolioresearch and advice, adviceon acquisitions and oncorporate restructuring and
strategy1) Commercial presence is required for provision of
investment and portfolio research and advice to the
public.
2) None
3)Financial  Investment
 advisers can establish as branches,
subsidiaries or representative offices. Representative
offices cannot conduct business or act as agents.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 39Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
(l) Provision and transfer of
financial information, and
financial data processing andrelated software by providersof other financial services1) Unbound except for the provision of financial
information by providers such as Reuters and
Bloomberg.  The Singapore branches of foreign bankscan transmit data to their head offices and sisterbranches for processing provided proper controls exist,the integrity and confidentiality of the data/informationare safeguarded, and MAS is allowed on-site access to
the data/information at the place where the
data/information is processed.1) None for the provision of financial
information by providers such as
Reuters and Bloomberg.
2) Only the provision of financial  information by providers
such as   Reuter  Reuters  and Bloomberg is allowed.2) None
3) The provision of financial information by providers,
such as Reuters and Bloomberg, is allowed.  The
provision of financial data processing services to banksand merchant banks is subject to domestic laws onprotection of confidentiality of information of customers
of banks and merchant banks.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.
9. TOURISM AND 
TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES
a. Hotel and Restaurants 
(including catering)
Hotel Services
Hotel Lodging Services(CPC 64110)1) Unbound*
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 40
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Restaurant and CateringServices (CPC 64210,
64230)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
Travel Agent and Tour
Operators; Tourist Guide
Services1)    None
2)    None
3)   None, other than travel agency and tour   operators must
be a private limited company1)    Unbound
2)    None
3)    Unbound{Reclassified under
9.b. and 9.c. on page
39}
4)   Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section 4)    Unbound
b.Travel Agent and Tour
Operators Services
(CPC 7471)1) None
2) None
3) None, other than travel agency  agencies and tour
operators must be a private limited company  companies .1) Unbound
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section 4) Unbound
c. Tourist Guide Services
(CPC 7472)1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 41Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL AND
SPORTING SERVICES(OTHER THANAUDIOVISUAL
SERVICES)
c. Libraries, archives,
museums and othercultural services
Library Services(CPC 96311)1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None4) UnboundTN/S/O/SGP
Page 42
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
a. Maritime Transport
Services
Maritime Transport Services
The services covered are:
- Freight Transportation, 
CPC 7212 less cabotage1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) UnboundWhen the following
services are not
otherwise covered bythe obligationenshrined in ArticleXXVIII(c) (ii), theywill be made
available to
internationalmaritime transportsuppliers onreasonable and non-discriminating terms
and conditions:TN/S/O/SGP
Page 43Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
- pilotage;
-t o w i n g  a n d  t u g
assistance;
-p r o v i s i o n i n g
fuelling and
watering;
-g a r b a g e
collecting and
ballast;  wastedisposal
- port captain's
services;
- navigation aids
emergency;
- repair facilities;- anchorage; and
- other shore-based
operational
services essentialto shipoperations,including
communications,
water andelectricalsuppliers.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 44
Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Consumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on  National TreatmentAdditional
Commitments
Maritime AuxiliaryServices:
- Shipping agency services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
- Shipping brokerage Services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound
-International Towage 1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound
- Classification societies,
except for statutoryservices for Singapore flag
ships1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal section1) None
2) None3) None4) Unbound
_______________TN/S/O/SGP
Page 45
ANNEX
REFERENCE PAPER
Scope
The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic
telecommunications services.
Definitions
Users mean service consumers and service suppliers.
Essential facilities mean facilities of a public te lecommunications transport network or service that
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;
and
(b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a service.
A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having
regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of:
(a) control over essential facilities;  or
(b) use of its position in the market.
1. Competitive safeguards
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or
together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices.
1.2 Safeguards
The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;
(b) using information obtained from compe titors with anti-competitive results;  and
(c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical
information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information which are
necessary for them to provide services.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 46
2. Interconnection
2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport
networks or services in order to allow the us ers of one supplier to communicate with users of
another supplier and  to access services provided by another supplier, where specificcommitments are undertaken.
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the
network.  Such interconnection is provided.
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and
specifications) and rates and of a quality no le ss favourable than that provided for its
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its
subsidiaries or other affiliates;
(b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions  (including technical standards and
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that ar e transparent, reasonable, having regard to
economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for
network components or facilities that it does not  require for the service to be provided;
and
(c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary
additional facilities.
2.3 Public availability of the proced ures for interconnection negotiations
The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly
available.
2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.
2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either:(a) at any time or
(b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an
independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph
5 below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and rates for
interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not
been established previously.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 47
3. Universal service
Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are
administered in a transparent, non-discrimina tory and competitively neutral manner and are not
more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:(a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision
concerning an application for a licence  and
(b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request.
5. Independent regulators
The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic
telecommunications services. The decisions of a nd the procedures used by regulators shall be
impartial with respect to all market participants.
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers
and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory
manner. The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required.
_______________TN/S/O/SGP
Page 48SINGAPORE - FINAL LIST OF MFN EXEMPTIONS
Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Conditions creating the need for the
exemption
All Sectors:
Presence of:
- unskilled and
semi-skilled naturalpersons
- skilled persons
(include craftsmenskilled in aparticular trade, butexclude
specialists/professio
nal personnel at
management level)Preference for workers from
traditional sources of supplyTraditional sources Indefinite
Singapore will periodically
review this in the light ofdomestic and national policy
considerationsDue to land constraints and the
fundamental need for social cohesionamong the multi-racial population, theGovernment needs to regulate theflow of foreign workers, both skilledand unskilled, to ensure that
Singapore is not overpopulated and
foreigners who could potentiallydisrupt social order are not admitted
All Sectors:Investment GuaranteeAgreements
(IGAs)Investment guarantee, i.e.
obligations to protect foreigninvestments from unforeseen
contingencies such as
nationalization, war, etc. areaccorded only to co-signatories of
Investment Guarantee AgreementsAll countries.  Current signatories
with whom Singapore hasconcluded IGAs are:
ASEAN countries, France, the
Netherlands, Switzerland, theUnited Kingdom, Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union, SriLanka, People's Republic of China,
Vietnam, Taiwan, the United
States of AmericaIndefinite
Singapore will periodically
review this in the light of
international developmentsCurrently, many countries' obligations
to protect foreign investments fromunforeseen contingencies are
governed by the provisions
established under bilateral investmentguarantee agreements.  Theagreements also help to provide theeconomic and political guarantees for
the promotion of bilateral relations.
All Sectors:
Commonwealth Tax
Credit SchemeSection 48 of the Income Tax Act
provides for the granting of reliefagainst Singapore tax payable on
income derived from a
Commonwealth countryCommonwealth countries which
grant reciprocal reliefIndefinite
Singapore will periodically
review this in the light of
international developmentsThis is part of Singapore's cooperation
among Commonwealth membersTN/S/O/SGP
Page 49Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Conditions creating the need for the
exemption
Legal Services All measures pertaining to the
provision of legal services in
SingaporeAll countries Indefinite
Singapore will keep the
possibility of removing thisexemption under reviewThe exemption is necessary as the
establishment of foreign law firms in
Singapore is based on case-by-case
approval
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is
defined to include:
- Free-to-air
broadcastingThe Ministry of Information,
Communications & The Arts,
Singapore  Singapore Broadcasting
Corporation (SBC)  accords
preferential broadcast and
transmission rights to selectedcountries with which it has signed
bilateral agreementsAll countries.  Currently,  Brunei
and Indonesia have Memoranda of
Understanding with Singapore.Singapore will keep the
possibility of removing this
exemption under reviewTo promote social, economic and
cultural relations
- Cable and pay
television
- Direct broadcast by
satellite
- Teletext
- All broadcasting
services listed in
Services Sectoral
Classification List ,
MTN.GNS/W/120TN/S/O/SGP
Page 50Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Conditions creating the need for the
exemption
Computer reservationsystemsMarket access and national
treatment are based on reciprocityin mutual concessions, but not
necessarily in the same areas, as
established under bilateral AirServices AgreementsAll countries.  Current countries
with whom Singapore hasconcluded bilateral air services
agreements are:
Australia, Austria, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil,
Brunei, Bulgaria, Cambodia,
Chile, China, CommonwealthIndependent States, Cyprus, Czechand Slovak Republics, Denmark,Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hong
Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Japan, Jordan, Kenya, SouthKorea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon,Luxembourg, Madagascar,
Malaysia, Maldives, Malta,
Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, theNetherlands, New Zealand,Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,Papua New Guinea, the
Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia,Seychelles, South Africa, Spain,Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand,Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab
Emirates, the United Kingdom, the
United States of America,Vietnam, Yemen Arab Republic,Yugoslavia, Zambia and
ZimbabweIndefinite
Singapore will periodically
review this in the light ofinternational developmentsCurrently, the conditions and level of
market access granted in air transportservices are primarily governed by
other multilateral agreements and/or
bilateral air services agreements.  Inaddition, the "Annex on Air TransportServices" contained in the GATScurrently has only limited applicationto measures affecting the air transport
services sector.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 51Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the measure
appliesIntended duration Conditions creating the need for the
exemption
Maritime TransportServices:
-S t o r a g e  a n d
warehousing
- Freight forwarding
- Inland trucking
- Container
station anddepot
servicesThe undertaking of the
commitments to bind the currentlevel of market access and
treatment to services and services
supplier, in the 4 subsectors will bethrough the conclusion of bilateralshipping agreementsAll countries.  Current countries
with whom Singapore hasconcluded bilateral shipping
agreements are:  the Republic of
Korea, the People's Republic ofChina and VietnamIndefinite
Singapore will periodically
review this in the light of
international developmentsSome of Singapore's trading partners
do not accord Singapore companiessatisfactory access to maritime
transport services in their territoriesTN/S/O/SGP
Page 52SINGAPORE - MFN EXEMPTIONS IN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR2
Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need
for the exemption
1. Reinsurance and
retrocessionException granted to ASEAN
Reinsurance Corporation (ASEAN
Re), a private-sector venture withequal shareholders from the sixASEAN countries, to beestablished with a paid-up capitalof S$6 million instead of the
minimum S$ 10 million stipulated
in the Insurance Act.  Other thanthis, ASEAN Re is subject to thesame rules and regulations applied
to all reinsurers in Singapore.ASEAN ASEAN Re has committed itself
to increase its paid-up capital
when its premium incomeincreases.  Presently, ASEAN Rewrites a relatively small amount
of business.To promote greater
cooperation among ASEAN in
the reinsurance sector.
2. Banking and other
financial servicesUnder a currency
interchangeability agreementbetween Singapore and Brunei, thecurrency issuing authorities of
Singapore and Brunei would:Brunei Indefinite, until either country
terminates the agreement.The currency
interchangeability agreementwas entered into in 1967arising from special historical
and economic ties between
Singapore and Brunei.
- Accept from banks, notes and
coins issued by the otherissuing authority, at par andwithout charge and toexchange such notes and coinsinto the currency of the
country concerned; and
                                                     
2 Supplementary information provided for transparency
The Stock Exchange of Singapore (SES) and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange (SIMEX) have established trading linkag es with the exchanges of some countries to 
facilitate the trading of securities and futures.  The establis hment of trading linkages is a commercial decision of the SES an d SIMEX.TN/S/O/SGP
Page 53Sector or subsector Description of measure
indicating its inconsistency with
Article IICountries to which the
measure applies Intended duration Condit ions creating the need
for the exemption
- arrange for repatriation at
the expense of therespective currency
issuing authority, the
notes and coins issued bythe other currency issuingauthority and to receiveat par the equivalent in
any agreed currency.
__________