WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
22 April 2003
(03-2141)
Trade in Services Original:  English
TURKEY
Draft consolidated Schedule of Specific Commitments1
Revision
Attached is a revised draft consolidated version of the Schedule of Specific Commitments of
Turkey in word format.  This document  does not substitute for the legally binding commitments
undertaken by Turkey in its Schedule of Specific Commitments (GATS/SC/88; GATS/SC/88/Suppl.2;
GATS/SC/88/Suppl.3)
Attached to the revised draft consolidated schedule is a draft consolidated version of Turkey's
Article II (MFN) Exemption List (GATS/EL/ 88; GATS/EL/88/Suppl.2 and GATS/EL/88/Suppl.3).
The revised draft consolidated versions of the Schedule and the MFN Exemption List were
prepared by the Secretariat, at the request of Members, to facilitate the process of negotiations,
including the presentation of initial offers.
The revised document contains corrections to the entries relating to
• HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS: the correct inscription of the first sentence in the National
Treatment column for Mode 4 now reads: "The professional services which are assigned only toTurkish citizens by the specific laws cannot be rendered by foreigners either as service providers
or as the personnel of service providers."
• 8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES; A Hospital Services (CPC 9311): the
correct inscription in the Market Access co lumn under Mode 1, "Unbound*" now contains the
following explanation: "Unbound due to  lack of technical feasibility."
                                                          
1 This document has been prepared, in English only, under the Secretariat's own responsibility and without
prejudice to the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 2TURKEY – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED
IN THIS SCHEDULE*1) None
2) None
3) All investment to be made within the
range of $50,000 and $150,000,000
by  non-residents (natural or juridical
persons) through:- the establishment of incorporated or
limited liability companies;
- the purchase of shares including the
portfolio investment registered under
the Foreign Investment EncouragementLaw No. 6224 (portfolio investment,according to the Article No. 15-F of theDecree No. 32 is subject to theregistration within the framework of the
Law No. 6224, if the investor desires to
participate in the board of directors orgeneral assembly of the company, aswell as to interfere in the management ofit in any other way);
- the opening of branches; and
- the creation of liaison offices, will be
authorized by the General
Directorate of Foreign Capital provided that such activities are beneficial to the economic development of Turkey, are in the areas open to the Turkish private 
sector and do not entail a monopoly or
special privilege.  Foreign investment above $150 million requires the approval the Council of Ministers.  A new Decree removing this limitation is under 
preparation.  The capital must be
brought in as foreign exchange.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 3Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Authorization is required for the investments
by established foreign-owned enterprises orjoint ventures in a new line of business and forparticipation or takeover of existing
enterprises.  For the investments in the same 
line of business, proposals are generallyapproved as a matter of course.
Real Estate
Foreign firms are permitted to acquire real 
estate in Turkey pursuant to Foreign
Investment legislation provided that the real estate to be acquired is related to the investor'spermitted activities.  However, foreigncontrolled enterprises are prohibited from engaging in real estate trading.
Monopolies
The following sectors are closed to private investments because of the public monopolies:postal services and telecommunicationsrailways; administration of harbour and quay; 
lotteries in cash, football pools and public 
utilities.
4) Unbound except for the entry and temporary
stay of natural persons in the followingcategories:4) The professional services which are assigned 
only to Turkish citizens by the specific laws cannot be rendered by foreigners either as 
service providers or as the personnel of service 
providers.  On the other hand foreign citizens with Turkish origin may work in professions which are assigned only to Turkish citizens with the permission obtained from the Ministry 
of Interior. Those professions which are 
assigned only to Turkish citizens are given below:S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 4Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
A.Administrative and technical
personnel
Work permits for the employment of the
below defined administrative and technical
personnel of a foreign service provider in the
branch, subsidiary, affiliate or representativeoffice are given  by the relevant authorities inaccordance with the Foreign1) Doctors, 2) Pharmacists, 3) Nurses, 4)
Veterinarians, 5) Responsible directors ofthe factories producing medicine, 6) Guides,7) Responsible directors of private
hospitals, 8) Responsible directors of
travel  agencies, 9) Directors of newspaper, 10)Dentists, 11) Notaries, 12)Those personnelworking in Free Trade Zones other thanmanagers and qualified personnel, 13) Those
personnel undertaking coastal commerce and
related activities, 14) Opticians, 15) Doctors,pharmacists and veterinarians dealing withlaboratory services, 16) Lawyers whopractice in Turkish Courts, 17) Accountants andCertified Public Accountants.
Capital Legislation and the other Laws
concerning the employment of foreigners.
The work permits are valid up to 2 years andsubject to renewal after that.  In addition to thework permits, the Ministry of Interior givesresidence permits for the same personnelfor the periods of up to 2 years, which can be
extended parallel to the work permit-renewals.
Managers-executives
Persons who primarily direct the organization
or one of its departments and who receiveonly general supervision or direction from
higher-level executives, the board of directors
or the stockholders of the organization.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 5Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Specialist
Highly qualified persons who, within an
organization, are indispensable for theprovision of a specific service by reason of
their knowledge at an advanced level of
expertise in the field of services, researchequipment, techniques or management of theorganization.
B.Service sellers
It is not necessary to obtain work permits and
residence permits for natural persons (servicesellers as defined below) who stay in Turkeyfor not more than 30 days, for the purpose ofparticipating in business meetings, businesscontracts including negotiations for the sale of
services, entry into contract to sell services
and visit of business establishments, or other
similar activities.
 
Service sellers
Defined as persons employed or mandated by
an organization and who stay temporarily in
another signatory country in order to conclude
the sale of service on behalf of theorganization which employs them or hasmandated them.  Service sellers may not sellservices directly to the general public.
                                                          
  Note: Turkish legislation related to taxation, prudential and pr ofessional competency requirements, immigration policies has n ot been listed separately in this schedule.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 6Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
(a) Legal services (advisory
services on foreign andInternational Law only)(CPC 861*)1) None
2) None3) None
4) None1) None
2) None3) Representation in the Turkish Courts is
assigned only to Turkish nationals.
4) None 
(b) Accounting, auditing and
bookkeeping services(CPC 862)1) Unbound
2) None1) Unbound
2) None
3) Authorized financial advisers1 establish their
company among themselves after being a
member of the related Chamber.3) Foreign titles and names cannot be used in
the titles of partnerships or corporations
among Turkish and Foreign FinancialAdvisers (this restriction will be eliminated byan amendment to the related regulation).
4) Unbound 4) Turkish citizenship is required for Accountants 
and Certified Public
Accountants.
(d),(e)Engineering and
Architectural services(CPC 8671, 8672)1)
2None
2)2None
3) 2None
4) 2None1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
                                                          
 * Asterisks designate "part of".
1 Foreign financial advisers can be authorized, under reciprocal condition, by the approval of the Prime Minister upon the propo sal of the Ministry of Finance.  Foreign financial advisers 
can perform all the accountancy, tax advisory, financial advisory and auditing services without making certification.
2 Foreigners may engage in these services after becoming a temporary member of the related Union of ChambersS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 7Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
B. Computer and Related
Services
(a) Consultancy services
related to the installation of
computer hardware
(CPC 841)
(b) Software implementation
services (CPC 842)
(c) Data processing services
(CPC 840)1)3None
2) None
3)3None
4)3None1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None 
F. Other Business Services
(a) Advertising services
(CPC 871)
(b) Market research services
(CPC 864)
(c) Management consulting
services (CPC 865)
(q) Packaging services
(CPC 876)1) None
2) None
3) None4) None1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
(f) Services incidental to
hunting(CPC 881)1) Establishment is required
2) None
3) Only Group A travel agencies may
operate in this field with thecondition of obtaining huntinglicence
4) None1) None
2) According to the decision of Commission
of Hunting by obtaining the hunting licence,foreigners may hunt for 10 days and pay US$
50 fee per day.
3) None
4) None
                                                          
3 Computer engineers may engage in these services after becoming a temporary member of the related Union of Chambers.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 8Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(h) Services incidental to
mining(CPC 883, 515)1) Establishment is required
2) None
3)
4None
4) None1) Nationality is required for real person
2) None
3) None
4) None
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
A. Postal Services
(CPC 7511)1),3)Public monopoly
2) None
4) Unbound1),3)Public monopoly
2) None
4) Unbound
B. Courier Services
(CPC 7512)1),3)None
2) None4) None1),3)None
2) None4) None
                                                          
4 Petroleum and Mining Laws specify that services incidental to mining require an operating licence.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 9Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
C. Telecommunication 
Services5
(a) Voice telephone services
(b) Packet-switched data
transmission services1),3)Türk Telekomünikasyon A.S. is the 
exclusive operator.  Exclusive right will end 
by 31.12.2005, subject to adoption of the relevant legislation by the parliament.
2) None4) Unbound except as indicated in
horizontal section.1),3)None except as indicated in the market
access column.
2) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal
section.- Independent 
Regulatory
The regulatory body is
separate from and not
accountable to any
supplier of basictelecommunicationsservices. Thedecisions of and the
procedures
used by regulatorsshall beimpartial with respectto allmarket participants.
(c) Circuit-switched data
transmission services
(d) Telex services(f) Facsimile services(g) Private leased circuit
services1),3)Interconnection between private companies is 
prohibited.  The licenses and permissions are available only for the companies which deal with the subject of licence and registered in Turkey.  Total Turkish citizens equity should not be less than 51%.
2) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal
section.1),3)None except as indicated in the market access
column.
2) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal
section.Regulatory and
operationalfunctions areseparated.  TheDirectorate General ofCommunications
established
within the Ministry ofTransportand Communicationsis the ResponsibleBody to:
- Regulate the required
qualifications foroperators,
- Issue licenses,
- Inspect,
- Give type approval for
telecommunicationsterminalequipment.
                                                          
5 The scope of basic telecommunications in our final Schedule does not cover any kind of (analog-digital) radio and TV programme  broadcasting services to the public.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 10Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(e) Telegraph services 1) Directorate General of Posts is the
exclusive service provider.
2) None3) Directorate General of Posts is the
exclusive service provider.
4) Unbound except as indicated in
horizontal section.1) None except as indicated in the market
access column.
2) None3) None except as indicated in the market
access column.
4) Unbound except as indicated in the
horizontal section.- Public
Availability of
Licensing
Criteria
Where a licence is
required, thefollowing will bemade publicly
available:
(a) all the licensing
criteria and theperiod of timenormally requiredto reach on
decision
concerningan application for
a
licence and
(b)  the terms and
conditions of
individual licenses.
(h) Electronic mail
(CPC 7523)1),3)Public monopoly.  Revenue-sharing model
may be applied.
2) None4) Unbound except personnel at the
establishment stage of the system in
case of revenue-sharing applications1),3)
2) None
4) None
i) Voice mail
(CPC 7523)1),3)Public monopoly
2) None4) Unbound1),3)Public monopoly
2) None4) Unbound
(j) On-line information and
data-base retrieval(CPC 7523)1),3)Public monopoly
2) None4) Unbound1),3)Public monopoly
2) None4) UnboundS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 11Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(k) Electronic data interchange
(CPC 7523)1),3)Public monopoly.  Revenue-
sharing model may be applied.
2) None4) Unbound except personnel at the
establishment stage of the system in
case of revenue-sharing applications1),3)None
2) None
4) None
(l) Enhanced/value-added
facsimile services, incl.store and forward, store and
retrieve
(CPC 7523)1),3)Public monopoly.  Revenue-sharing model
may be applied.
2) None
4) Unbound except personnel at the
establishment stage of the system incase of revenue-sharing applications1),3)None
2) None
4) None
(m) Code and protocol 1),3)Public monopoly.  Revenue-
sharing model may be applied.
2) None
4) Unbound except personnel at the
establishment stage of the system incase of revenue-sharing applications1),3)None
2) None
4) None
(n) On-line information and/or
data processing
(CPC 843)1),3)Public monopoly
2) None
4) Unbound1),3)Public monopoly
2) None
4) UnboundS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 12Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(o) Others
- Mobile services
analog/digital cellular
- Paging services
-C a b l e  T V1),3)The Ministry of Transport and
Communications may grant licenceand authorization to privatecompanies for the operation of
network, with licensing criteria
publicly available.  Interconnectionbetween private companies isprohibited.  The licences andpermissions are available only for the
companies which deal with the
subject of licence and registered inTurkey. Total Turkish citizens equityshould not be less than 51%.
2) None4) Unbound except as indicated in
horizontal section.1),3)None except as indicated in the market access
column.
2) None
4) Unbound except as indicated in horizontal
section.
3. CONSTRUCTION AND
RELATEDENGINEERINGSERVICES(CPC 512, 513, 514+516,
517)1)
6None 1) Investor public entities will give priority
to domestic firms in works that they couldnot do such as engineering, architecturaland consultancy services in investmentsthat are not subject to patent and could be
carried out with the technology used in
Turkey except in projects financed byinternational institutions.
                                                          
6 Responsible engineers or architects of the firms must be a temporary member of the related Union of Chambers.  Foreign contract ors or foreign establishments which contracted, solely or
jointly with national firms, engineering or architecture-related works with public entities or real and legal persons in the pu blic or private sectors, may employ foreign specialists only for 
these works with approval of the Ministry of Public Works based on the opinion of the Union of Chambers.  Engineers and archite cts in activities other than those mentioned above could 
be employed by the decision of Ministry of Public Works upon the opinion of Administrative Committee of Union of Chambers.  How ever, those brought for advisory works by public 
offices, official and private companies a nd real persons and legal en tities and those who come for technical instruction are no t bound to the above rule.  These persons may not work in 
other activities other than those mentioned above.  The foreign engineers and architects, who want to stay more than one month in Turkey must apply to the related Union of Chambers in 
order to become a temporary member.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 13Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
In Government tenders, the ratio of
discrimination in favour of national companiesis determined by the Ministry accordingly to theDecision of Council of Ministers, advantage
can be obtained up to 15 per cent in favour of
national companies in determining appropriatevalue, however, this issue and ratio (also thesystem to be applied if partnership of nationaland foreign companies exists) should be
mentioned in the bid contract.
2) None
3) For Construction Services,
establishing ordinary partnershipunder Civil Code (which is not alegal entity) excluding the ordinarypartnership formed for international
tenders in Turkey by the non-
residents is subject to permission ofthe Ministry to which theUndersecretariat of Treasury andForeign Trade (UTFT) is attached.
4)
7None2) None
3) None
4) None
5. EDUCATION SERVICES
A.,B.,E. Primary, Secondary
and Other Educational
Services
(CPC 921, 922, 929)1),3)Real and legal foreign persons directly or by
establishing partnership with Turkish citizensmay establish international educationalinstitutions (including vocational and
technical schools) only for foreign students.1) None
2) None
4) Foreign teachers may work in
primary and secondary educationalinstitutions after taking permission
from the Ministry of Education2) None
4) None
                                                          
7 Responsible engineers or architects of the firms must be a temporary member of the related Union of Chambers.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 14Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
C. Higher Education Services
(CPC 923)1) None
2) None3) Private universities can only be established by
foundations constituted Under Civil Code with
the permission of the Council of Ministers,
provided that the majority of theadministration of such foundations must beTurkish citizens.
4) None1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
A. Sewage Services
(CPC 9401)1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. Refuse Disposal Services
(CPC 9402)1) Unbound
2) None3) None
4) None1) Unbound
2) None3) None
4) None
C. Sanitation and Similar
Services (CPC 9403)1) Unbound
2) None3) None4) None1) Unbound
2) None3) None4) None
7.  FINANCIAL SERVICES
1. Turkey undertakes commitments on Financial Services in accordance with the provisions of the "Understanding on Commitments in  Financial Services" (the
Understanding).
2. The market access commitments in respect of modes 1) and 2) appl y only to the transactions indicated in paragraphs 3 and 4 of  the market access section of the
Understanding respectively.
3. The admission to the market of new financial services or produ cts (such as subsectors B/l and B/m-ii) may be subject to the e xistence of, and consistency with, a
regulatory framework aimed at achieving the objectives indicated in Article 2.1 of the Financial Services Annex.
Measures applicable to all sectors in Financial ServicesS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 15Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Banking 3) Establishment of a bank which has to be in the
form of a joint-stock company and opening ofthe first branch of a foreign bank requireauthorization from the Council of Ministers.
According to the prevailing circumstances, the
Undersecretariat of Treasury may requireadditional conditions, which are determinedby a regulation, for the establishment of abank or opening the first branch of a foreign
bank in Turkey.  Following the establishment,
operation license from Undersecretariat ofTreasury must be obtained in order to startcollecting deposits or execute bankingoperations.3) None
The establishment of additional branches by
the banks is subject to the meeting of the
criteria and ratios required by theUndersecretariat of Treasury.  TheUndersecretariat has the right to limit orprohibit the additional branch establishment, ifnecessary.
According to the Banks Act, lending limits forthe branches of foreign banks are based onbranch capital rather than worldwide capital.
The establishment of domestic or foreign
banks as well as the first branch of a non-
resident bank are subject to the same amountof minimum capital requirement.Acquisition or transfer of the sharesrepresenting a ratio equal or higher than 5, 20,
33 and 50 per cent of the capital is subject to
the authorization of the Undersecretariat ofTreasury.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 16Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Insurance 3) In order to be established in Turkey, insurance
and reinsurance companies have to be foundedin the form of a joint-stock or a mutualcompany.  Foreign insurance and reinsurance
companies may operate in Turkey by opening
branches as well.3) None
However, reinsurance companies can do
reinsurance business without fulfillingestablishment conditions mentioned above.
Establishment of insurance andreinsurance companies or opening ofa branch of a foreign insurance or areinsurance company is subject to priorpermission of the Ministry of State.Following the establishment, operation licence
from Undersecretariat of Treasury must be
obtained in order to start insurance orreinsurance business.
Acquisition or transfer of sharesrepresenting 10, 20, 33, 50 per cent or
higher of the capital is subject to the
authorization of Undersecretariat ofTreasury.
3),4)Engaging of natural persons in brokerage
business or establishment of an insurance and
reinsurance broker company or opening of a
branch of a foreign insurance and reinsurancebroker company in Turkey is subject to priorpermission and obtaining operation licencefrom Undersecretariat of Treasury.  Such a
firm must be founded in the form of a joint-
stock or a limited liability company, and mustpossess the required minimum paid-in capital.3),4)NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 17Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Foreign commercial presence or
presence of foreign natural personsregarding services auxiliary toinsurance is permitted only for
consultancy and risk management.
4) Natural person insurance and
reinsurance brokers have to reside inTurkey and they must have at least 5years of experience as brokers in their
countries of origin.4) None
Securities market 3) For the establishment of capital market
institutions 8the permission of the Capital
Market Board is required.  If banks orinsurance companies apply to the Board to
form a mutual fund or to increase fund
capital, the opinion of the Under secretariat ofTreasury has to be obtained to finalize theapplications.3) None
                                                          
8 According to the Capital Market Law, capital market institutions are specific as follows:
(a) Securities Intermediary Institutions.
(b) Investment Corporations.
(c) Mutual Funds(d) Other capital market institutions permitted to operate in th e capital market such as clearing and custodial houses, rating a nd auditing institutions, etc.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 18Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Establishment of branches and
agencies by securities intermediaryinstitutions established in Turkey alsorequires the Board's permission. The 
permission of the Board is required for 
obtaining 5 per cent or more of the capital of already established securities
intermediary institutions by one shareholder(natural or legal persons).  Intermediary
institutions, investment corporations, portfolio
management companies and rating agenciescan only be established in the form of ajoint-stock company.
Establishment of branches and representative
offices of foreign non-bank intermediary
institutions is not permitted.
Additionally, operations of all capital marketinstitutions and banks are subject to thepermission of the Board.  While giving such
permission, the Board issues "Authorization
Certificates" for the activities to be carried outby each institution.
Rating agencies should have a know-howagreement with an international rating agency
recognized by the Board.  In case of
partnership with an international rating agencyrecognized by the Board, the share of theinternational rating agency shall not be lessthan 25 per cent of the capital of the domestic
rating agency.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 19Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
OTHER FINANCIAL
SERVICES
A. Financial leasing service 3) Financial leasing companies (lessors)
can be established (a) in the form of a
joint-stock company, and (b) throughthe establishment and opening of abranch of a lessor, as well as openingof a branch of a foreign lessor.  In the
case of (b), subject to prior permission of the
Ministry of State to which theUndersecretariat of Treasury is attached.3) The minimum paid-in capital required for
opening a branch by a foreign lessor is
more than that of establishing a company.
B. Factoring and consumer
credit services3) Factoring companies and consumer credit
companies must be established in the form of
a joint-stock company.
For the establishment of these companies,
prior permission of the Undersecretariat ofTreasury must be obtained.3) None
C. Authorized institutions
(foreign exchange dealers)3) In order to engage in activities as an
authorized institution, the permission of theUndersecretariat of Treasury must beobtained.
Authorized institutions must be
incorporated in the form of a joint-
stock company.3) None
D. Precious metals exchange 3),4)Precious metals intermediaries (banks,
authorized institutions, precious metals
intermediary institutions as well as resident
and non-resident natural or legal persons)can operate in Istanbul Gold Exchange afterbeing granted the operation licence by theUndersecretariat of Treasury and beingregistered by the Istanbul Gold Exchange.3),4)NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 20Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
A. Insurance and Insurance-
related Services
(a) Direct insurance
(i) Non-life 1),2)Unbound except:
(a) The hull insurance of aircrafts,
helicopters and ships which arepurchased through a foreign loan orleased through a financial leasingcontract from abroad, provided that
the insurance period is limited to the
term of the credit or leasing contract;1),2)None
(b) marine liability insurance;
(c) transportation insurance of imported
and exported goods;
(d) individual accident, sickness and motor 
vehicle insurance during any travel 
abroad.
3) None
4) None3) Compulsory traffic insurance of publicly
owned motor vehicles can only be done bythose insurance companies whose majorityof paid-in capital belongs to Turkish
citizens.
4) None
(ii) Life 1) Unbound
2) None3) A certain per cent of paid insurance premiums
is deducted from gross wages and corporate
income in order to determine real individual
and corporate taxable income. In order tobenefit from this facility, life insurancepolicies must be concluded with the insurancecompanies or the branches of foreign
insurance companies established in Turkey.
4) None1) None
2) None3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 21Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) Reinsurance and
retrocession1),2)Non-life insurance premiums, after holding
the retention, are subject to a certain per centcompulsory ceding to Milli Reinsurance Co.
If the total retention ratio of the insurance
company reaches to 75 per cent, compulsoryceding is cancelled.
3) None4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(c) Insurance intermediation 1),2)Unbound for dependent
intermediaries (agencies, producers).Dependent intermediaries can act only onbehalf of insurance companies authorized tooperate in Turkey.
3) Insurance and reinsurance brokers
and fully authorized agencies can
only engage in insurance-related business.
4) Unbound except administrative and
technical personnel.1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(d) Services auxiliary to
insurance1),2)None except adjusters and actuaries.
3) None
4) None except adjusters and actuaries.1),2)None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 22Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
B. Banking and Other
Financial
Services
(e) Acceptance of deposits 1),2)None
3) No natural person or legal entity other than
those authorized under the Banks Act or underspecific regulations may accept deposits.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(f) Lending of all types
(i) Consumer credit 1),2)None
3) Banks and consumer credit companies may
lend consumer credits.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(ii) Factoring 1),2)None
3) Banks and factoring companies can engage in
factoring activities.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(iii) Mortgage credit and
financing of commercialtransactions1),2)None
3) Banks can engage in trading of these
activities.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(g) Financial leasing 1),2)Leasing contracts related to cross-border
leasing transactions must be permitted by the
Undersecretariat of Treasury.
3) Lessors can engage in financial
leasing transactions.
4) None1),2)Regarding cross-border leasing
transactions, the annual rent may not be
less than the Turkish Lira equivalent of$25,000.
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 23Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(h) All payment and money
transmission services1),2)None
3) Transfers of foreign exchange abroad must be
carried out through the banking system.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(i) Guarantees and
commitments1),2)None except that performance bonds with the
transactions specified in the State Tender Lawmust be obtained from a bank operating inTurkey.1),2) None
3) None
4) None3) None
4) None
(j) Trading for own account or
for account of customer
(i) Money market instruments 1),2)None
3) Banks and securities intermediary institutions
can engage in trading of money marketinstruments.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(ii) Foreign exchange 1),2)None
3) Banks and authorized institutions can engage
in foreign exchange trading.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(iii) Derivative products 1),2)None
3) Banks and related intermediary institutions
can engage in trading of these products.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 24Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(iv) Exchange rate and interest
rate instruments1),2)None
3) Banks and related intermediary institutions
can engage in trading of these instruments.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(v) Transferable securities 1),2)None
3) Banks and securities intermediary institutions
can engage in trading of these products.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(vi) Other negotiable
instruments and financialassets, including bullion1),2)None
3) Banks and related intermediary institutions
can engage in trading of these products. Onlyprecious metals intermediaries can engage intrading of bullion in the Istanbul GoldExchange.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 25Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(k) Underwriting and
placement1),2)None
3) Banks and securities intermediary institutions
can provide underwriting and placementservices for the securities to be issued after
being registered by the Capital Market Board.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(l) Money broking91),2),
3),4)None1),2),
3),4)None
(m) Asset management
portfoliomanagement1),2)None
3) Banks, securities intermediary institutions and
portfolio management companies can providethese services.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(i) Collective investment
management1),2)None
3) Mutual funds and investment corporations can
engage in collective investment management.
4) The majority of the members of the board of
directors of an investment corporation musthave Turkish nationality.1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(ii) Pension fund management91),2),
3),4)None1),2),
3),4)None
                                                          
9 This is a new financial service.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 26Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(iii) Custodial, depository and
trust services1),2)None
3) Banks and securities intermediary
institutions operating in capital market canprovide custodial services for their customers'
securities, until their buying-selling orders are
realized.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(n) Settlement and clearing
services1),2)None
3) Only Takasbank A.S. can provide securities
settlement and clearing services.
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(o) Provision and transfer of
financial information1),2)None
3) None
4) None1),2)None
3) None
4) None
(p) Advisory, intermediation
and other auxiliary services1),2)None
3) None4) None1),2)None
3) None4) None
8. HEALTH RELATED AND
SOCIAL SERVICES
A. Hospital Services
(CPC 9311)1) Unbound*
2) None3) Foreigners may establish private hospitals
with the permission of Ministry of Health.
4) Unbound1) None
2) None3) None
4) Unbound
                                                          
* Unbound due to the lack of technical feasibility.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 27Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL
RELATED SERVICES
A. Hotels and restaurants
(CPC 641-643)1) Unbound*
2)10None
3) None1) None
2) None
3) None 
4) After receiving the permission of the Ministry
of Interior based on the affirmative opinion ofthe Ministry of Tourism, the hotels andrestaurants with the tourism encouragement
certificate, may employ foreign personnel.
But the amount of foreign personnel thatwould be employed in an enterprise should notexceed 10 per cent of the total personnel.  Thisamount could be increased up to 20 per centby the decision of the related Ministry.4) None
B. Travel Agencies and Tour
Operators Services
(CPC 7471)1) Establishment is required
2) None
3) None1) Foreign travel agencies may not organise tours
abroad.
2) None
3) In case of bringing into the country of
US$80,000 foreign exchange income from
the tours organised by the travel agencies 
(to Turkey), the temporary operating certificatesof A Class Travel Agencies are changed with permanent operating certificate.The amount of foreign exchange stipulated for this transaction is three times more for foreign 
travel agencies.
                                                          
* Unbound due to the lack of technical feasibility.
10 Turkish citizens may travel abroad without any restriction. Only, they are required to pay, with certain exceptions, a TL amou nt equivalent up to US$ 100 to the Public Housing Fund, for
each exit. The Turkish citizens going abroad for education and health purposes, as well as the ones who are either employed or assigned to permanent official duties in foreign countries, are
exempt from that payment.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 28Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
The amount of guarantees required for
foreign travel agencies is twice as much asnational ones.  Foreign travel agencies andbranches can not benefit from the credits
given by Turkish Development Bank to
domestic ones.  Foreign Travel Agenciesmay only take A class or temporary Aclass operating certificates.
The minimum amount of capital to be
brought (to Turkey) by the branches of
foreign travel agencies in order to begranted Operation Certificate isdetermined by the Ministry of Tourismwith the appropriate opinion of theMinistry of Finance.
4) None 4) NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 29Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES
A. Maritime Transport
Services
(a) Passenger transportation
(CPC 7211)1) None except cabotage
2) None
3)11 In order to fly the Turkish flag, the
shipping companies must have themajority of 51 per cent Turkishshareholders.
4) Captain and crew of the Turkish flag
vessels should be Turkish residents.1) Charges taken for port services from foreign
and Turkish ships may differ in favour ofTurkish flag vessels according to the tariffs onport charges which are determined by the portadministrations.
2) None
3) None
4) Turkish nationality is required for captain
and crew. 
(b) Freight transportation
(CPC 7212)1) None except cabotage 1) The vessels flying Turkish flag either bidding
for public cargoes to be shipped to overseascountries or carrying strategic raw materials arebenefited from the preference given in favour of
them (i.e.they are entitled to be awarded the
bids even though their quotations are up to10 % higher than the lowest foreign flag vesselsquotations)
The Undersecretariat of Treasury and ForeignTrade is authorized to permit the public entities
to have their imported goods transported by
foreign flag vessels.
                                                          
11 All Turkish ships shall fly the Turkish flag .  A ship shall be regarded as Turkish on ly if its owner (or owners) is/are Turkis h.  However, the followi ng ships shall also be considered as Turkish:
 i) Ships which belong to legal persons such as bodies, institutions, associations and foundations set up in accordance with Tu rkish Law, the majority of whose Board of Directors are of Turkish nationality.
ii) Ships which belong to the trading companies the majority of  whose managerial staff and representatives are of Turkish natio nality and are registered on the Turkish Trade Register .S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 30Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
Charges taken for port services from foreign
and Turkish ships may differ in favour ofTurkish flag vessels according to the tariffs onport charges which are determined by the port
administrations.
2) None
3)12 In order to fly the Turkish flag, the shipping
companies must have the majority of 51 percent Turkish shareholders.
4) Captain and crew of the Turkish flag vessels
should be Turkish residents.2) None
3) None
4) None
(c) Rental of vessels with crew
(CPC 7213)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None1) Vessels rented by foreigners may not
operate inside the Turkish coastal waters.
2) This kind of vessels are considered as
foreign vessels and do not have to fly the
Turkish flag.
3) None4) None
(d) Maintenance and repair of
vessels (CPC 8868)1) None
2) None
3) None4) None1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
C. Air Transport Services
(a) Selling of air transport
services1) Foreign airline companies may sell their
tickets by opening sales offices in Turkey.
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None
3) None4) None
                                                          
12 All Turkish ships shall fly the Turkish flag.  A ship shall be regarded as Turkish only  if its owner (or ow ners) is/are Turkish .  However, the following sh ips shall also be considered as Turkish: i) Ships
which belong to legal persons such as bodies, institutions, associations and foundations set up in accordance with Turkish Law,  the majority of whose Board of Directors are of Turkish nationality.  ii)
Ships which belong to the trading companie s the majority of whose managerial staff and representatives are of Turkish nationali ty and are registered on the Turkish Trade Register .S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 31Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitat ions on  National Treatment Additional Commitments
(b) Computer reservation
systems1) None
2) None3) None4) None1) None
2) None3) None4) None
(c) Maintenance and repair of
aircraft (CPC 8868)1) None
2) None3) Authorization from the Ministry of
Transport is necessary to performfunctions for the maintenance and
repair of aircraft.
4) None1) None
2) None3) None
4) None
E. Rail Transport Services
(CPC 7111, 7112)1) Internal rail transportation is a public
monopoly.
2) None
3) Internal rail transportation is a public
monopoly.
4) None1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
F, Road Transport Services
(a) Passenger transportation
(CPC 7121 + 7122)
(b) Freight transportation
(CPC 7123)1) Unbound
2) None3) Turkish citizenship or being a legal entity
established under the relevant Turkish lawsare required for obtaining a carrier licencegiven by the Ministry of Transport in order to
become an international transporter.
4) None1) Unbound
2) None3) None
4) NoneS/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 32
TURKEY – FINAL LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS
Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
ALL SECTORS (a) Extending full national
treatment for the
investments of the nationalsor companies of thesecountries.
(b)( i)Executing the transfers, in
specific periods, of thenationals and companies ofcertain countries whichmade investments inTurkey (Belgium-
Luxembourg, Kuwait).Germany, USA, The 
Netherlands, Belgium, 
Luxembourg, Romania, Bangladesh, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, Japan, Kuwait, Tunisia, 
South Korea, Poland, 
China, United Kingdom, Finland, Hungary, Argentina, Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, 
Georgia, Jordan, Malaysia, 
Spain, Italy, Norway, Algeria, Russian Federation, Mongolia,Indefinite Desire to create favourable 
conditions for a greater 
economic cooperation between Turkey and mentioned countries and to encourage investments by nationals and companies of one 
country in the territory of the 
other countries.
(ii) Granting foreign
exchange risk guarantee forcertain countries for the
transfers which are not
realized due to thedifficulties in balance ofpayments.Lithuania, France, Sweden, 
Bulgaria, Moldova, Estonia, Latvia, Azerbaijan,
Israel, Ukraine.
(c) Covering "trade risk" in
subrogation one country.(Japan).S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 33Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
(d)  The agreements with five
countries, the MFN Articlesof which do not include thederogation paragraphsrelating to the privilegeswhich are accorded to the
investors of the third
countries resulting from itsmembership in orassociated with a free tradezone, an economiccooperation, a customs
union or a common market.
(Japan, Bangladesh,Poland, Germany, SouthKorea).
ALL SECTORS The restriction in the 
transfer of the premiums 
for long-term insurance schemes and the employment of the foreign country workers by foreign companies is waived for 
one country.  (Not applied  
de facto).Libya Indefinite To ensure social security and 
continuous employment of 
Turkish workers in the mentioned country.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 34
Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
ALL SECTORS If the amount of the 
consulate duties collected from the Turkish nationals by any country is higher than the amounts written in the tariff list, the amounts 
of consulate duties which 
are collected from the nationals of that country will be increased reciprocally.All countries Indefinite Desire to ensure equal treatment 
to Turkish nationals.
ALL SECTORS On the condition that the 
legal provisions are 
reserved and with the condition of reciprocity, theforeign real persons could own real estates in Turkey 
by acquisition or by 
inheritance.All countries Indefinite To secure the right of Turkish 
nationals to acquire real estates 
in a foreign country.
Professional Services If any foreign country lays 
down legal and administrative conditions 
against Turkish citizens for 
performing arts and supplying services, the similar activities of the citizens of that country could be prohibited in 
Turkey.All countries Indefinite Desire to create favourable 
circumstances for Turkish citizens to perform their 
activities under equal conditions 
in the other countries.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 35Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
Telecommunication ServicesTo apply, on the basis of 
reciprocity, reduction in thefees for the transit land connections and the usage of satellite ground stations.Iran, Syria. Indefinite Desire to facilitate 
telecommunication services between Turkey and the mentioned countries.
Postal Services To apply, on the basis of 
reciprocity, reduction in the
prices of letter mail.Iraq, Greece, Iran and 
Pakistan.Indefinite Desire to carry out postal 
services more rapidly and 
economically.
Transportation Services
1The income and corporate tax rates for the foreign road, maritime and air 
transport companies, can 
reciprocally be decreased down to zero or increased to a new rate not exceeding one fold of the existing rate
can be determined, as a 
country by country basis either for each transportation type separately or for all types ofthem.  (As in the case of 
USA, Israel and 
Switzerland).All countries Indefinite Desire to facilitate and to lower 
the costs of transportation services between Turkey and 
other countries.
                                                          
1 This exemption request will be evaluated in the light of developments in the GATS in the field of taxation.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 36
Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
Transportation Services
1Transit or bilateral transportation services, can be excluded from VAT.  This exception is granted, with the condition of reciprocity, to the related 
countries' tax payers who 
do not have the residence, legal and business centre in Turkey.All countries Indefinite Desire to lower costs and to 
create favourable conditions for the provision of services in this sector.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 37Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
Transportation ServicesTo apply, on the basis of 
reciprocity, restrictions, prohibitions, different treatments and different tariffs to the goods and transportation vehicles of 
the countries which apply 
restrictions, prohibitions and different treatments to the Turkish road, air and maritime transportation vehicles.All countries Indefinite Desire to secure the smooth 
functioning of mutual transportation services.
Road Transport Services
2To grant, on the basis of reciprocity, the privileges about the quotas and fees, the exemptions from the permission procedures.Afghanistan, Austria, 
Belgium, Bulgaria, Former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, The Netherlands, Iraq, 
United Kingdom, Iran, 
Sweden, Switzerland, Italy,Kuwait, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Romania, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, 
Luxembourg, Albania, 
Ukraine, Slovenia, Moldova, Egypt, Lithuania,Macedonia, Lebanon.Indefinite Desire to facilitate road transport
services between Turkey and other countries.
                                                          
2 If the partners of these Road Transport Agreements agree to remove the measures, Turkey will also do so.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 38
Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
Rail Transport ServicesThe bilateral reduction in 
the renting fees of railway wagons of countries mentioned aside (paragrapha) and the application of national treatment to tariff 
rates on the reciprocal 
transportation of goods with the countries mentioned aside (paragraphb).a) Syria, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon
b) Commonwealth of 
Independent States and the Baltic Republics.Indefinite Desire to facilitate rail transport 
services between Turkey and other countries.
Financial Services
- BankingShould national banks 
wishing to operate by 
establishing branches in thecountries whose banks havealready established or will establish branches in 
Turkey, are forced to meet 
stricter conditions which they will besubject to under the legislation of those countries, or which are to
be made stricter afterwards,
than those imposed in the Turkish Banks Act, foreign banks' compliance with the same conditions and the annulment of the 
permissions of those failing
to comply with such conditions may  be requiredby Council of Ministers' decision.All countries Indefinite Desire to ensure equal treatment 
to Turkish banks in the other 
countries.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 39Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
Accounting, Auditing and Book-keeping ServicesIn order to perform the 
services under the title of "financial advisor", the citizens of the countries which have officially codified the principles for 
the profession of financial 
advisory may be authorized, under reciprocalconditions, provided that these persons should have the characteristics required 
for the professional of 
financial advisory in Turkey and should have rights to perform similar services in their own 
countries.All countries Indefinite Desire to create favourable 
conditions for Turkish financial advisors to perform their jobs under equal conditions all over the world.
TelecommunicationServicesMeasures, including the 
application of different accounting rates for different operators/countries covered
by International
Telecommunication Services Agreements between Government of Turkey or Telecommunication 
Company and other 
Governments or various foreign operators.Neighbouring countries 
and/or countries covered byEconomic Cooperation Organization and Black SeaEconomic Cooperation.Indefinite Bilateral agreements between 
Government of Turkey or Telecommunication Company and other governments and/or various foreign operators dealing
with various aspects of 
cooperation.S/DCS/W/TUR/Rev.1
Page 40
Sector or SubsectorDescription of measure
indicating its inconsistency
with Article IICountries to which the
measure appliesIntended durationConditions creating  the need for
the exemption
TelecommunicationServicesTo apply, on the basis of 
reciprocity, reduction in thefees for the transit land connections and the usage of satellite ground stations.Iran, Syria Indefinite Desire to facilitate 
telecommunication services between Turkey and thementioned countries
__________