ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL  
DEL COMERCIO  S/DCS/W/HUN 
24 de enero de 2003 
 (03-0464) 
Comercio de Servicios Original:   inglés 
   
HUNGRÍA 
 
Proyecto de Lista refundida de Compromisos Específicos
1 
 
 
 El documento adjunto contiene un proyect o de la Lista refundida de Compromisos 
Específicos de Hungría, en formato Word.  Es te documento no sustituye los compromisos 
jurídicamente vinculantes contraídos por Hungría en su Lista de Compromisos Específicos (GATS/SC/40;  GATS/SC/40/Suppl.2;  GATS/SC/40/Suppl.3).   Adjunto al proyecto de lista refundida figur a un proyecto de Lista refundida de Exenciones 
del Artículo II (NMF) de Hungría (GATS/EL/40;  GATS/EL/40/Suppl.1) en formato Word. 
  Los proyectos de la Lista y de la Lista de Exenciones del trato NMF refundidas fueron preparados por la Secretaría, a petición de lo s Miembros, para facilitar el proceso de las 
negociaciones, incluida la presentación de ofertas iniciales. 
 
_______________ 
 
 
  
 
                                                     
 
1 Este documento se ha preparado, en inglés solament e, bajo la responsabilidad de la Secretaria y sin 
perjuicio de las posiciones de los Miembros ni de sus derechos y obligaciones en el marco de la OMC.  S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 2 HUNGARY – SCHEDULE OF SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
  
 ALL SECTORS 
 INCLUDED IN PART II    
 
 
 3) Commercial presence should take the form of  
 limited liability company, joint-stock  
 company or representative office. Initial entry   as branch is not permitted. 
 Unbound for the acquisition of state owned  
 properties 
 3) Unbound for the acquisition of state owned  
 properties 
  Unbound  with respect to subsidies 
  
 4) Unbound except for the entry and temporary  
 stay of natural persons falling under one of the 
 following categories: 4) Unbound except for m easures concerning the  
 categories of natural persons referred to in the  
 "Limitations on Market Access" column  
  (a) Senior official [" vezeto  tisztségviselo "]  
 A senior official being a natural person of  
 another Member having the highest rank  
 within the organization of a juridical person   constituted in Hungary with foreign  
 participation and who primarily direct the  
 management of that commercial presence   
 
  One senior official per business venture and  
 for the duration of the business directed by   that senior official
1 
 
 (b) Personalities of internationally  
 recognized reputation  Market access  
 commitment relates to such personalities  
 invited by higher educational institutions,  
 scientific research institutes or public  
 educational institutions for the duration of the   invitation.  
 
                                                      
1 Numbering of sectors and sub-sectors is that of the Services Sectoral Classification List (MTN .GNS/W/120).  However, if refere nce to another definition is  also made, the specific 
commitment relates only to the services covered by that definition.  Where an “ex” is attached to a CPC code, only part of the services defined under the relevant  code of the UN Central Product 
Classification is covered.   S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 3Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
  (c) Intra-corporate transferees listed  
 under i), ii) and iii)  Intra-corporate  
 transferees being natural persons of another  
 Member who have been employed by a  
 juridical person of another Member for a   period of not less than one year without  
 interruption and who seek entry and  
 temporary stay in order to  render services to a  
 juridical person constituted in Hungary which  
 is owned by the aforementioned juridical  
 person.   
 
  (i)  Executives  - Executives being natural  
 persons within a juridical person constituted in 
 Hungary who primar ily direct the  
 management of the juridical person or  
 establish goals and policies for the juridical  
 person or a major component or function of   the juridical person, exercise wide latitude in  
 decision-making, and receive only general  
 supervision or direction from higher-level  
 executives of the juridical person of another  
 Member who owns the aforementioned   juridical person. 
  
 
  (ii)  Managers  – Managers being natural  
 persons within a juridical person constituted in 
 Hungary and owned by a juridical person of  
 another Member who direct the organization,   or department or subdivision of the juridical  
 person, supervise and control the work of  
 other supervisory, professional or managerial   employees, have the authority to hire and fire  
 and exercise discretionary authority over day- 
 to-day operations at a senior level.  
  S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 4 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
  (iii) Specialists  - Specialists being natural  
 persons within a juridical person constituted in 
 Hungary and owned by a juridical person of  
 another Member who possess knowledge at an 
 advanced level of expertise, possess   proprietary knowledge of the juridical person's 
 product, service, research, equipment,  
 techniques or management, and who are   essential to the operation of the juridical  
 person constituted in Hungary. 
  
 
 
  (d) Business visitors  
 Business visitors being natural persons who  
 are sales representatives of a service provider  
 of another Member and are seeking temporary   entry for the purposes of negotiating for the  
 sale of services for that service provider,  
 without those sales representatives being   remunerated from within Hungary and without 
 engaging in making direct sales to the general  
 public or in supplying themselves services. 
 
 Entry and stay shall be for a period of no more  than 90 days 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 4) Unbound with respect to acquisition of real  
 estate by foreign natural persons 
  
II. SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES 
    
A. Professional Services  
    
(a) Legal advisory services  
 concerning home country  
 law 
 (ex CPC 861) 1) None 
2) None 
3) Commercial presence should take the form of  
 representative office 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
    S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 5Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(b) Accounting, auditing and  
 bookkeeping services 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
(c) Taxation advisory services  
 (ex CPC 863) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I and  
 subject to the following specific limitation: 
 permanent residency requirement 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
(d) Architectural services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I and  
 subject to the following specific limitation:  
 permanent residency requirement  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
(e) Engineering services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I and  
 subject to the following specific limitation: 
 permanent residency requirement 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
(f) Integrated engineering  
 services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(g) Urban planning services 
 (ex CPC 8674) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I and  
 subject to the following specific limitation: 
 permanent residency requirement 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I    S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 6 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(h) Medical and dental  services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I. 
  
B. Computer and Related  
 Services  
    
(a) Consultancy services  
 related to the installation of  
 computer hardware 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
(b) Software implementation   services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(c) Data processing services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(d) Data base services 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
C. Research and Development  
 Services  
    
a),b),c) Research and  
 development services 
 1) None 2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
    S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 7Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
E. Rental/Leasing Services  
 without Operators  
    
a),b), Rental/leasing 
c),d),e)  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
F. Other Business Services  
    
(a) Advertising services 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   
(b) Market research and public  
 opinion polling services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(c) Management consulting  
 services 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(e) Technical testing and  
 analysis services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
 
  
(f) Consultancy services  
 incidental to agriculture,  
 hunting and forestry (ex  
 CPC 881)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
 
   S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 8 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(g) Consultancy services  
 incidental to fishing  (ex CPC 882) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(h) Consultancy services  
 incidental to mining  (ex CPC 883) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(i) Consultancy services  
 incidental to manufacturing 
 (ex CPC 884 + ex CPC   885) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(j) Consultancy services  
 incidental to energy  
 distribution 
 (ex CPC 887)  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(k) Placement and supply  
 services of personnel  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(l) Security services 
 (ex CPC 873) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(m) Related scientific and  
 technical consulting   services 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
    S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 9Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(n) Maintenance and repair of  
 equipment (not including   maritime vessels, aircraft or  
 other transport equipment) 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
 
  
(o) Building-cleaning services 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(p) Photographic services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(q) Packaging services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I
 
  
(r) Printing, publishing 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 10 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
2. COMMUNICATION  
 SERVICES  
C. Telecommunications 
 
 Services (excluding  
 broadcasting services)2 
    
  
 Hungary undertakes 
 the obligations  contained in the 
 reference paper 
 attached hereto. 
(a) Public voice telephony  (Facility-basis) 1) By-pass is not allowed 
2) None 1) None 
2) None  
 (Domestic, long distance) 3) (a) Foreign investment is limited by the  
 required 25 per cent Hungarian interests and +  1 vote for MATÁV Rt. and Antenna Hungaria  
 Rt. 3) None  
  (b) Licences are granted only to companies  
 registered in Hungary.   
  (c) Exclusivity for international long distance 
 and domestic services  until 31 December 2002 
 and for local calls until 31 December 2003.   
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
  
 
(a) Public voice telephony  
 (resale basis, international  
 including satellite  
 transmission)  1) Refile and hotline services are not allowed 
2) None 
3) (a) Open for competition after 31 December  
 2002   (b) Exclusivity for international long distance 
 and domestic services  until 31 December 2002 
 and for local calls until 31 December 2003. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal 
 section 
  
 
                                                      
2 Broadcasting is defined as the uninterrupted chain of transmi ssion required for the distribution of TV and radio programme sign als to the general public, but does not cover 
contribution links between operators.  Ther efore, commitments in this offer do not cover the economic activity consisting of co ntent provision which require tel ecommunications services for its 
transport.  The provision of that content,  transported via a telecommunications service is subject to the specific commitments undertaken by Hungary in other relevant sectors.    S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 11Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(b) Packet-switched data  
 transmission services (c) Circuit-switched data  
 transmission services 
(d) Telex services (e) Telegraph services 
(f) Facsimile services 
(g) Private leased circuit   services 
(o) Other: 
 Leased line and satellite   transmission 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  
 
 
 Public land mobile services 
 1) By-pass is not allowed 
2) None 3) (a) Licences are granted only to companies  
 registered in Hungary. 
 (b) Only one operator is allowed for NMT-   450 MHz and two operators for 900 MHz  
 (GSM) until 31 December 2003. Limited  
 competition regime. 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section   
 Nation-wide paging 1) None 
2) None 3) (a) Licences are granted only to companies  
 registered in Hungary. 
 (b) Only one operator is allowed for analog   service and two operators for the pan- 
 European services (ERMES).  Limited  
 competition regime. 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
  
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in the horizontal  
 section  
 PCN 1800 MHz 
 1),2), 
3),4) Unbound until 31 December 1998 
    S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 12 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(h) Electronic mail 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
(i) Voice mail 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
(j) On-line information and   data base retrieval 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(k) Electronic data interchange  
 (EDI) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(l) Enhanced/value-added   facsimile services (incl.  
 store and forward, store and   retrieve) 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(m) Code and protocol  
 conversion 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
(n) On-line information and/or   data processing 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I    S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 13Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
4. DISTRIBUTION  
 SERVICES    
 
B. Wholesale Trade Services  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 
  
C. Retailing Services  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
 
D Franchising  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 
5. EDUCATIONAL   SERVICES 
    
A. Primary Education Services  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Establishment of schools is subject to licence  
 from the local authorities 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
 
B. Secondary Education  
 Services  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) Establishment of schools is subject to licence  
 from the local authorities 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
   S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 14 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
C. Higher Education Services  1) None 
2) None 3) Establishment of schools is subject to licence  
 from the central authorities 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
D. Adult Education Services  1) None 
2) None 
3) Establishment of schools is subject to licence   from the local (or in case of high schools from  
 the central) authorities 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
 
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL  
 SERVICES     
B. Refuse Disposal Services  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
 
C. Sanitation and Similar  
 Services  
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
   S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 15Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES  
1. Hungary undertakes commitments on Financial Services in accordance with the provisions of the "Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services" (the  
 Understanding). 2. These commitments are subject to the li mitations on market access and national treatme nt in the "all sectors" section of thi s schedule and to those relating to the  
 subsectors listed below. 
3. The market access commitments in respect of modes 1) and 2) apply only to the transactions indicated in paragraphs B.3(a) an d (b) and B.4(a) and (b) of the market  
 access section of the Unde rstanding respectively. 
4. The admission to the market of new financial services or products may be subject to the existence of, and consistency with, a regulatory framework aimed at achieving  
 the objectives indicated in Article 2( a) of the Financial Services Annex. 
5. The transfer of information containing personal data, bank s ecret, securities secret and/or bus iness secret is not allowed. 
6. As a general rule and in a non-discrimi natory manner, financial institutions incor porated in Hungary must adopt a specific l egal form. 
7. Insurance, banking, securities and collective investment manage ment services should be performed by legally separate and ind ependently capitalised suppliers of  
 financial services. 
8. Legislation permitting market  access of branches is currently being prepared .  Details and conditions to apply are still bei ng determined.  It is intended to bind the  
 effects of this legislation as soon as it has been adopted. 9. The board of a financial institution should include at least two members, who are Hungarian citizens, residents in the meani ng of the relevant foreign exchange  
 regulations and have permanent residency in Hungary for at least one year. 
10. Direct or indirect ownership or voting rights in a credit institution of a single shareholder other than credit institution , insurance company or investment firm cannot  
 exceed 15%. 
 
A. Insurance and Insurance-  
 related Services  
   
  
 
(a) Direct insurance 
 (including co-insurance):  (i)  life 
 (ii)  non-life 1) Only entrepreneurs pursuing  
 international business activity   specified in the legal rules on foreign  
 exchange are allowed to purchase  
 services. Only insurance events   occurring abroad can be insured. 1) None 
  S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 16 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
 2) Only entrepreneurs pursuing  
 international business activity   specified in the legal rules on foreign  
 exchange are allowed to purchase  
 services. Only insurance events   occurring abroad can be insured. 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  2) None 
  
 
  
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
(b) Reinsurance and  
 retrocession 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(c) Insurance intermediation,  
 such as brokerage and  
 agency 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 
(d) Services auxiliary to   insurance, such as  
 consultancy, actuarial, risk  
 assessment and claim   settlement services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
B. Banking and other financial  
 services  (excluding 
 insurance) 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None3 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 
8. HEALTH RELATED  
 SERVICES  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
 
                                                      
3 Except Országos Takarékpénztár és Kereskedelmi Bankt Rt., where long term state ownership will be kept at a minimum of 25% + 1 vote.   S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 17Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL  
 RELATED SERVICES    
 
A. Hotels and Restaurants  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 
  
 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour  
 Operators Services  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  
10. RECREATIONAL,   CULTURAL AND   SPORTING SERVICES  
 (other than audiovisual  
 services)  
   
 
A. Entertainment Services  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
 
D. Sporting and Other  
 Recreational Services  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
 
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
    
A. Maritime Transport  
 Services  
     S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 18 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(d) Maintenance and repair of  
 vessels  1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
 
B. Internal Waterways  
 Transport  
    
(d) Maintenance and repair of  
 vessels 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
C. Air Transport Services  
    
(d) Maintenance and repair of  
 aircraft 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
- Computer reservations   systems (as defined in  
 paragraph 6 (c) of the   Annex on Air Transport  
 Services) 
   
 
E. Rail Transport Services 
    
(a) Passenger transportation 
 1) Unbound 
2) None 
3) Services may be provided through a  
 Contract of Concession granted by the   state or the local authority 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
  
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
    S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 19Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
(b) Freight transportation 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Services may be provided through a  
 Contract of Concession granted by the  
 state or the local authority 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
(d) Maintenance and repair of  
 rail transport equipment  
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I. 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
    S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 20 Modes of supply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence of natural persons  
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limi tations on  National Treatm ent Additional Commitments 
F. Road Transport Services  
    
(d) Maintenance and repair of  
 road transport equipment 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I  1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   
G. Pipeline Transport  
 1) Unbound 
2) None 3) Services may be provided through a Contract 
 of Concessions granted by the state or the 
 local authority 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
 1) None 
2) None 3) None 
 
 4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 
  
H. Services Auxiliary to All  
 Modes of Transport  
    
(b) Storage and warehouse  
 services 
 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I 1) None 
2) None 
3) None 
4) Unbound except as indicated in Part I   S/DCS/W/HUN 
 Página 21 
 
 
REFERENCE PAPER  
Scope  
 The following are definitions and principl es on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services.    
Definitions
 
  Users
 mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
  Essential facilities 
mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service 
that 
  (a) are exclusively or predominantly provided  by a single or limited number of suppliers;  
  and  
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a  
  service.   A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of 
participation (having regard to price and supply) in  the relevant market for basic telecommunications 
services as a result of: 
 
 (a) control over essential facilities;  or   (b) use of its position in the market.  
1. Competitive safeguards
 
 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
  Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone 
or together, are a major supplier from engaging  in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 
 
1.2 Safeguards
 
  The anti-competitive practices referred to  above shall include in particular: 
 
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;   
 (b) using information obtained from compet itors with anti-competitive results;  and 
 (c) not making available to other services suppliers  on a timely basis technical information about 
essential facilities and commercially relevant info rmation which are necessary for them to 
provide services.  
 2. Interconnection
 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public telecommunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of  one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and  to access services provided by anothe r supplier, where specific commitments are 
undertaken.  S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 22  
 
2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
 
  Interconnection with a major supplier will be en sured at any technically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interconnection is provided.  
 (a) under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including technical standards and 
 specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
 own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its  subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, conditions (including technical standards and 
 specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard 
 to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unb undled so that the supplier need not pay 
 for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be  provided;  and 
 
 (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
 majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary  additional facilities. 
 2.3 Public availability of the pro cedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnecti on to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available.  2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make  publicly available either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.  2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
 
 
 A service supplier requesting interconnection with  a major supplier will have recourse, either: 
 (a) at any time or  (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an independent 
domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5 below, to resolve 
disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and rates for interconnection within a reasonable 
period of time, to the extent that th ese have not been established previously. 
 3. Universal service
 
 
 Any Member has the right to define the ki nd of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regard ed as anti-competitive per se, provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminator y and competitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.    
 
    
  S/DCS/W/HUN 
 Página 23 
 
 
4. Public availability of licensing criteria  
  Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally required to reach a decision 
 concerning an application for a licence and 
 (b) the terms and conditions  of  individual licences. 
  The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon    request.  
5. Independent regulators
 
 Where a license is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally required to reach a decision 
  concerning an application for a license and 
  (b) the terms and conditio ns of individual licenses. 
  The reasons for the denial of a licence will be  made known to the applicant upon request. 
 
5. Independent regulators
 
  The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic telecommunications services.  The decisions of and the procedures used by the regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all  market participants. 
 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
  Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner.  The current state of allocated frequency ba nds will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required. 
  
_______________  S/DCS/W/HUN 
Página 24 
HUNGARY - LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS 
 
 
Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency  
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Audiovisual Services 
 Measures that are taken for the 
implementation of existing or 
future co-production agreements and which provide for national 
treatment to the works covered 
 Parties to agreements 
 Indefinite 
 The promotion of cultural links 
between the parties 
 
  Measures that are taken for the 
implementation of, and in 
conformity with regulations based 
on arrangements and support programmes such as the Council 
of Europe Convention on 
Transfrontier Television, EURIMAGES and MEDIA, 
which provide for preferences 
linked to meeting specific origin 
criteria 
 European countries 
 Indefinite 
 The promotion of cultural 
exchanges among European 
countries based on traditional 
cultural links  
Road transport 
(passenger and freight) 
 Measures that are taken under 
existing or future bilateral 
agreements and which reserve or limit the provision of services and 
specify operating conditions, 
including through transit permits and/or preferential road taxes, of a 
transport service into, in, across 
and out of Hungary  All countries with which 
bilateral agreements are or 
will be in force  Indefinite 
 To protect the integrity of road 
infrastructure and the environment 
and to regulate traffic rights in the territory of Hungary 
   S/DCS/W/HUN
 Página 25Sector or Subsector Description of measure 
indicating its inconsistency  
with Article II Countries to which the 
measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Internal waterways transport  Measures that are taken under 
existing or future bilateral or plurilateral agreements and which 
reserve the access to inland 
waterways of Hungary to foreign service providers 
 All countries with which 
bilateral or plurilateral agreements are or will be in 
force 
 Indefinite 
 To protect the integrity of the 
infrastructure and the environment and to regulate traffic rights in the 
territory of Hungary 
 
Financial services  Commitments undertaken under 
mode 3) may be subject to 
reciprocity requirement. 
 All countries 
 Indefinite 
 To obtain equal market access 
possibilities for Hungarian service 
providers 
 
 
__________