RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/C/W/369
24 April 2002
(02-2363)
Council for Trade in Goods
DOHA MINISTERIAL DECISION ON IMPLEMENTATION-RELATED ISSUES
AND CONCERNS:  CTG EXAMINATION OF PROPOSALS CONTAINED
IN PARAGRAPHS 4.4 AND 4.5 RELATING TO THE
AGREEMENT ON TEXTILES AND CLOTHING
Request by the United States
In relation to the examination by the Council for Trade in Goods of the proposals set out in
paragraphs 4.4 and 4.5 of the Doha Ministerial Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and
Concerns, the United States has requested that the Secretariat assemble a bibliography of articles,
books, and papers relating to trade and industrial developments as well as policies affecting textiles
and clothing.  The bibliography is set out in this document.G/C/W/369
Page 2
TEXTILES - BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. GENERAL
Abernathy, F.H. et-al. (1999) A stitch in time: lean retailing and the transformation of manufacturing-
-Lessons from the apparel and textile industries , New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Baldwin, R.E. (1996) ''The MFA Paradox: More Protection and More Trade? Comment'', in Krueger,
A.O. (ed.) The Political Economy of American Trade Policy . National Bureau of Economic Research
Project Report Series. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Baughman, L. et-al. (1997) ''Of Tyre Cords, Ties and Tents:  Window-Dressing in the ATC?'', World
Economy 20, 4: 407-434.
Christerson, B. and Appelbaum, R.P. (1995) ''Global and Local Subcontracting:  Space, Ethnicity, and
the Organization of Apparel Production'', World Development 23, 8: 1363-1374.
Destler, I. M. (1996) ''The MFA Paradox: More Protection and More Trade? Comment'', in Krueger,
A.O. (ed.) The Political Economy of American Trade Policy . National Bureau of Economic Research
Project Report Series. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Dhindsa, K.S. and  Amritpreet. (1995) ''An Analysis of Trade in Cotton Textiles during 1970-90'',
Indian Economic Journal 43, 2: 70-85.
Faini, R., de-Melo, J. and Takacs, W. (1995) ''A Primer on the MFA Maze'', World Economy  18, 1:
113-135.
Fan, J.X., Lee, J. and Hanna, S. (1998) ''Are Apparel Trade Restrictions Regressive?'', Journal of
Consumer Affairs 32, 2: 252-274.
http://riker.ps.missouri.edu/DH/ACCI/JCA.html
Field, A.J. and Graham, E.M. (1997) ''Is There a Special Case for Import Protection for the Textileand Apparel Sectors Based on Labour Adjustment?'', World Economy 20, 2: 137-157.
Finger, J.M and Harrison, A. (1996) ''Import Protect ion for U.S. Textiles and Apparel: Viewed from
the Domestic Perspective'', in Krueger, A.O. (ed.) The Political Economy of Trade Protection .
National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report series. Chicago and London: University of
Chicago Press.
Gereffi, G. (1999) ''International Trade and Indus trial Upgrading in the A pparel Commodity Chain'',
Journal of International Economics 48, 1: 37-70.
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/5/5/5/2/index.htt
Jimenez-Cortes, C. (1997) GATT, WTO and the regulation of international trade in textiles,
Translated by Christopher D. Tulloch. Aldershot, U.K.; Brookfield, Vt. and Sydney: Ashgate,
Dartmouth.
Kalecki, M. (1996) ''The World Production and Consumption of Cotton'', Studies in Applied
Economics , Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Clarendon Press.
Krishna, K-M. and Tan, L-H. (1998) ''Rags and riches:  Implementing apparel quotas under the Multi-
Fibre Arrangement'', Studies in International Economics . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.G/C/W/369
Page 3
Krishna, K. and Tan, L-H. (1997) ''The Multifibre Arrangement in Practice: Challenging the
Competitive Framework'', in Robertson, D. (ed.) East Asian Trade after the Uruguay Round . Trade
and Development Series. Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Nimon, W. and Beghin, J. (1999) ''Are Eco-labels  Valuable? Evidence from the Apparel Industry'',
American Journal of Agricultural Economics 81, 4: 801-811.
http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0002-9092
Nurse, K. (1995) ''The Developmental Efficacy of  the Export-Oriented Clothing Industry:  The
Jamaican Case'', Social and Economic Studies  44, 2-3: 195-227.
Raffaelli, M. (1998) ''Bringing Textiles and Clothing into the Multilateral Trading System'', in
Bhagwati, J.; Hirsch, M. (eds.) The Uruguay Round and Beyond:  Essays in Honour of Arthur Dunkel .
Heidelberg and New York: Springer.
Reinert, K.A. (2000) ''Give Us Virtue, But Not Yet: Safeguard Actions under the Agreement on
Textiles and Clothing'', World Economy 23, 1: 25-55.
http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=03785920
Spinanger, D. (1995) ''Prosperity for All?  Reflecting on the MFA Complex after Marrakech'', World
Economy 18, 5: 665-680.
Spinanger, D. (1999) ''Textiles beyond the MFA Phase-Out'', World Economy 22, 4: 455-476.
http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=03785920
Underhill, G.R.D. (1998) ''Industrial crisis and the open economy:  Politics, global trade and the
textile industry in the advanced economies'', International Political Economy Series . New York: St.
Martin's Press; London: Macmillan Press.
Wohn,  A.J.H. (2001) ''Towards GATT Integrati on: Circumventing Quantitative Restrictions on
Textiles and Apparel Trade under the Multi-Fiber Arrangement'', University of Pennsylvania Journal
of International Economic Law 22, 2: 375-419.
B. COUNTRY SPECIFIC STUDIES
Abernathy, F.H. et-al. (1995) ''The Information-In tegrated Channel:  A Study of the U.S. Apparel
Industry in Transition'', Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 0, 0: 175-231.
Anderson, K. and Yao, S. (2002) ''China, GMOs and World Trade in Agricultural and Textile
Products'', CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3171, London: CEPR.
Baek, S-G. (1995) ''An Estimation of Taiwan's Dir ect Investment in Mainland China and Its Effect on
Both Sides' Export Performance toward the US Ma rket: The Example of Taiwan's Apparel Industry:
Comment'', Seoul Journal of Economics 8, 2: 277-281.
Baldone, S., Sdogati, F. and Tajoli, L. (2001) ''Patterns and Determinants of International
Fragmentation of Production: Evidence from Outwar d Processing Trade Between the EU and Central
Eastern European Countries'', Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv Review of World Economics 137, 1: 80-
104.http://www.mohr.de/journals.htmG/C/W/369
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Bautista, R.M. and Gehlhar, C.G. (1997) ''Export Price Variability, Government Interventions and
Producer  Welfare: The Case of Egyptian Cotton'',  in Rose, R.; Tanner, C.; Bellamy, M.A. (eds.)
Issues in Agricultural Competitiveness:  Markets and Policies . International Association of
Agricultural Economists Occasional Paper, no. 7. Al dershot, U.K. and Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate,
Dartmouth.
Benacek, V., Caban, W. and Corado, C. (1995) ''Adjustment and Performance of the Textile and
Clothing Industry in the Czech Republic, Poland and Portugal'', CEPR Discussion Paper : 1260,
London: CEPR.
Berra, L., Piatti, L. and Vitali, G. (1995) ''The Internationalization Process in the Small and Medium
Sized Firms:  A Case Study on th e Italian Clothing Industry'', Small Business Economics  7, 1: 67-75.
Bhavani, T. A. and Tendulkar, S.D. (2001) ''Deter minants of Firm-Level Export Performance: A Case
Study of Indian Textile Garments and Apparel Industry'', Journal of International Trade and
Economic Development 10, 1: 65-92.
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/09638199.html
Buitelaar, R.M. (2000) ''Central America and the Dominican Republic Modernization and Adjustment
in the Maquila Garment Sector'', Integration and Trade 4, 11: 121-148.
Carmody, P. (1998) ''Neoclassical Practice and the Collapse of Industry in Zimbabwe: The Cases of
Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear'', Economic Geography 74, 4: 319-343.
Cashin, P. and McDermott, C.J. (1997) ''Riding on the Sheep's Back: Examining Australia's
Dependence on Wool Exports'', Melbourne: Department of Economics, Mimeograph.
Chacon, F. (2000) ''International Trade in Textiles and Garments: Global Restructuring of the Sources
of Supply in the United States in the 1990s'', Integration and Trade 4, 11: 17-45.
Chapple, K. (1999) ''Just-in-Time Intervention: Economic Development Policy for Apparel
Manufacturing in San Francisco'', Economic Development Quarterly 13, 1: 78-96.
http://www.sagepub.com
Chazen, J.A. (1996) ''Notes from the Apparel Industry:  Two Decades at Liz Claiborne'', Columbia
Journal of World Business 31, 2: 40-43.
Corado, C. (1995) ''The Textiles and Clothing Tr ade with Central and Eastern Europe: Impact on
Members of the EC'', in Faini, R.; Portes, R. (eds.) European Union Trade with Eastern Europe:
Adjustment and Opportunities . London: CEPR.
Din, M. and  Abbas, K. (1999) ''The Uruguay Round Agreement: Implications for Pakistan's Textiles
and Clothing Sector'', Pakistan Development Review 38, 4: 823-833.
Dowlah, C. A. F. (1999) ''The Future of the Readym ade Clothing Industry of Bangladesh in the Post-
Uruguay Round World'', World Economy 22, 7: 933-953.
http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=03785920
Erzan, R. (1996) ''The Role of the MFA and the EAs in EU Trade in Textiles and Clothing with LDCs
and CEECs'', in Kuyvenhoven, A.; Memedovic, O.; van-der-Windt, N. (eds.) Transition in Central
and Eastern Europe:  Implications for EU-LDC  relations. EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations
Series . Dordrecht; Boston and London: Kluwer Academic.G/C/W/369
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Espeli, H. (1997) ''Protectionism, Lobbying and I nnovation. Perspectives on the Development of the
Norwegian Textile Industry, Especially since 1940'', Scandinavian Economic History Review 45, 3:
257-275.
Gannage, C. (1995) ''Restructuring and Retraining: The Canadian Garment Industry in Transition'', in
Mitter, S.; Rowbotham, S. (eds.) Women Encounter Technology:  C hanging Patterns of Employment
in the Third World.  Paperback reprint. UNU/Institute for New Technologies Technology and
Development, vol. 1. London and New York: Routledge.
Gitli, E. and Arce, R. (2000) ''The Imbalances of the Caribbean Basin Countries with Respect to
NAFTA: The Garment Industry'', Integration and Trade 4, 11: 97-119.
Goth, P. (1995) ''The Liberalisation of the Australian Wool Industry'', Journal of Australian Political
Economy 0, 35: 41-61.
Hamour, E.A. (1999) ''Impacts of In creased Exposure to International Competition: The Case of the
Turkish Textile Industry'', Journal of Economic Cooperation among Islamic Countries 20, 4: 35-71.
http://www.sesrtcic.org/pubs/jec/default.shtml
Hathcote, J. and Nam, I-J. (1999) ''Advantages of  Sourcing Apparel from China, Taiwan, South
Korea, and Mexico'', International Trade Journal 13, 2: 157-185.
http://www.tamiu.edu/itj
Hudson, D. and Ethridge, D. (1999) ''Export Taxe s and Sectoral Economic Growth: Evidence from
Cotton and Yarn Markets in Pakistan'', Agricultural Economics  20, 3: 263-276.
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/3/2/9/6/index.htt
Inceler, K-H. (1996) ''Textile Sector in Indonesia'', Journal of Economic Cooperation among Islamic
Countries 17, 3-4: 129-163.
Jayanthakumaran, K. (1999) ''Trade Policy Reform and the Textile, Clothing and Footwear Industry,
Australia: 1993-97'', Department of Economic s, Australia: University of Wollongong.
Kathuria, S. and Bhardwaj, A. (1998 ) ''Export Quotas and Policy Constraints in the Indian Textile and
Garment Industries'', Washington: World Bank.http://econ.worldbank.org/docs/252.pdf
Kheir-El-Din, H. and El-Sayed, H. (1997) ''Potentia l Impact of a Free Trade Agreement with the EU
on Egypt's Textile Industry'', in Galal, A.; Hoekman, B. (eds.) Regional Partners in Global Markets:
Limits and Possibilities of the Euro-Med Agreements . London: Centre for Economic Policy Research;
Cairo: Egyptian Center for Economic Studies.
Kondo, M. (1997)  The Political Economy of Cotton and Textile Export Policy in India , Stanford
University, Ph.D.
Krishna, K. and Tan, L-H. (1997) ''A Note on I ndia's MFA Quota Allocation System: The Effect of
Subcategorization'', Annales d'Economie et de Statistique 0, 47: 39-50.
Labrianidis, L. (1996) ''Subcontracting in the Greek Garment Industry and the Opening of the Balkan
Markets'', Cyprus Journal of Economics 9, 1: 29-45.
Lemaitre, M. (1999) ''EU Textiles Policy and Developing Countries'', in C. Cosgrove-Sacks (ed.), The
European Union and Developing Countries: The Challenges of Globalization , New York: St. Martin's
Press; London: Macmillan Press.G/C/W/369
Page 6
Mirus, R., Scholnick, B. and Spinanger, D. (1997) ''Front-Loading Protection:  Canada's Approach to
Phasing Out the Multi-fiber Arrangement'', International Trade Journal 11, 4: 433-451.
Moore, L. (1995) ''The Competitive Position of Asian Producers of Textiles and Clothing in the US
Market'', World Economy 18, 4: 583-602.
Moore, L. (1997) ''US Imports of Clothi ng from Asian Developing Countries'', Journal of
International Development 9, 3: 309-330.
Mortimore, M. (1999) ''Apparel-Based Industrialization in the Caribbean Basin: A Threadbare
Garment?'', CEPAL Review 0, 67: 119-136.
http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/default.asp?idioma=IN
Nam, S-Y. (1995) Trade Liberalizations and U.S. Foreign Trade in Textiles and Apparel , University
of Pennsylvania, Ph.D.
Navaretti, G.B., Falzoni, A.M. and Turrini, A. (2001) ''The Decision to Invest in a Low-Wage
Country: Evidence from Italian Textiles and Clothing Multinationals'', Journal of International Trade
and Economic Development 10, 4: 451-470.
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/09638199.html
Nell, P.G. (1998) ''EFTA and the EU/Eastern Euro pean Regime for Outward Processing of Textiles:
Major Integration through Paneuropean Cumulation'', Aussenwirtschaft 53, 2: 289-309.
http://www.siaw.unisg.ch/aussen/aussen0.htm
Onitiri, H.M.A. (1996) ''The Role of the MFA and th e EAs in EU Trade in Textiles and Clothing with
LDCs and CEECs: Discussion'', in Kuyvenhove n, A.; Memedovic, O.; van-der-Windt, N. (eds.)
Transition in Central and Eastern Europe :  Implications fo r EU-LDC relations . EU-LDC Trade and
Capital Relations Series. Dordrecht; Boston and London: Kluwer Academic.
Panayiotopoulos, P.I. (1996) ''The State and Ente rprise in the Cypriot Clothing Industry under
Conditions of Globalisation'', Cyprus Journal of Economics 9, 1: 5-28.
Ramaswamy, K.V. and Gereffi, G. (2000) ''India's Apparel Exports: The Challenge of Global
Markets'', Developing Economies 38, 2: 186-210.
http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/De/index.html
Ramcharran, H. (2001) ''Productivity, Returns to Scale and the Elasticity of Factor Substitution in the
USA Apparel Industry'', International Journal of Production Economics 73, 3: 285-291.
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/5/6/4/7/index.htt
Ramcharran, H. (2001) ''Estimating Productivity and Returns to Scale in the US Textile Industry'',Empirical Economics 26, 3: 515-524.
http://www.wlu.ca/~wwweej/
Ramcharran, H. (2001) ''Productivity, Returns to Scale and the Elasticity of Factor Substitution in theUSA Apparel Industry'', International Journal of Production Economics 73, 3: 285-291.
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/5/6/4/7/index.htt
Roy, T. (1998) ''Economic Reforms and the Textile Industry in India'', New Dehli: Indira GandhiInstitute of Development Research.
San, G. (1995) ''An Estimation of Taiwan's Direct  Investment in Mainland China and Its Effect on
Both Sides' Export Performance toward the US Ma rket: The Example of Taiwan's Apparel Industry'',
Seoul Journal of Economics 8, 2: 255-276.G/C/W/369
Page 7
Schmitz, T. (1999) ''Turkish Trade Policy and the Efficiency of Turkish Cotton Markets.'', American
Journal of Agricultural Economics 81, 5: 1286-1286.
Scott, R.E. (1998) ''U.S. Trade Policies for the Textile and Apparel Industries: The Political Economy
of the Post-MFA Environment'', in Deardorff, A.V.; Stern, R.M. (eds.) Constituent Interests and U.S.
Trade Policies. Studies in International Economics , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Scott, R.E. and Lee, T.M. (1996) "The Costs of Trade Protection Reconsidered:  U.S. Steel, Textiles,
and Apparel", in Blecker, R.A. (ed.) U.S. Trade Policy and Global Growth:  New Directions in
International Economy .  Economic Policy Institute Series. Armonk, N.Y. and London:  Sharpe.
Sheerlinck, I., Hens, L.M.A. and S'Jegers, R. (1996) ''Free Trade or Protection?  Belgian Textile and
Clothing Firms' Trade Preferences'', Weltwirtschaftliches-Archiv 132, 4: 723-739.
Shippen, B.S., Jr. (1999) ''Unmeasured Skills in Inter-industry Wage Differentials: Evidence from the
Apparel Industry'', Journal of Labor Research 20, 1: 161-169.
http://www.thelockeinstitute.org/jolr.html
Shippen, B.S., Jr. (1999) ''Labor Market Effects of  Import Competition:  Theory and Evidence from
the Textile and Apparel Industries'', Atlantic Economic Journal 27, 2: 193-200.
http://www.iaes.org/publications/mainaej.htm
Spechler, M.C. (2000) ''Uzbekistan: The Silk Road to Nowhere?'', Contemporary Economic Policy 18,
3: 295-303.
http://www.weainternational.org/journals/cep.htm
Spener, D. and Capps, R. (2001) ''North American  Free Trade and Changes in the Nativity of the
Garment Industry Workforce in the United States'', International Journal of Urban and Regional
Research 25, 2: 301.
Takeuchi, K. (1997) ''Fiber, Textile, and Apparel Industries'', Made in Japan:  Revitalizing Japanese
Manufacturing for Economic Growth . Cambridge and London: MIT Press.
Tewari, M. (1999) ''Successful Adjustment in Indi an Industry:  The Case of Ludhiana's Woolen
Knitwear Cluster'', World Development 27, 9: 1651-1671.
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/3/8/6/index.htt
Tho, T.V. (1995) ''Japanese Technology and Industrial Development in Thailand: The Experience of
the Synthetic Fibre Industry'', in Minami, R. et-al. (eds.) Acquiring, Adapting and Developing
Technologies: Lessons from the Japanese Experi ence. Studies in the Modern Japanese Economy .
New York: St.Martin's Press; London: Macmillan Press.
Ugur, M. (1998) ''Explaining  Pr otectionism and liberalization in European Union Trade Policy: The
Case of Textiles and Clothing'', Journal of European Public Policy 5, 4: 652-670.
van Grunsven, L. and Smakman, F. (2001) ''Competitive Adjustment and Advancement in Global
Commodity Chains: I. Firm Strategies and Trajectories in the East Asian Apparel Industry'',
Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 22, 2: 173-188.
van-Zyl, G. and Wardle, C. (1996) ''An Analysis of  the Tariff Structure of the South African Clothing
Industry'', Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics 20, 2: 73-85.G/C/W/369
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Vermulst, E. and Mihaylova, P. (2001) ''EC Comm ercial Defence Actions against Textiles from 1995
to 2000: Possible Lessons for Future Negotiations'', Journal of International Economic Law 4, 3: 527-
555.
http://www3.oup.co.uk/jielaw
Wasim, M-P. (1997) ''Growth and Instability of Rice and Cotton Yarn Exports of Pakistan'', Indian
Journal of Quantitative Economics 12, 2: 129-140.
Weller, S. (2000) ''International Competitiveness and Export Performance: The Case of Clothing and
Textiles'', Journal of Australian Political Economy 0, 46: 71-102.
http://www.jape.org/
Xuan-Ai, P. (1996) ''The Role of the MFA and the EAs in EU Trade in Textile and Clothing withLDCs and CEECs: Discussion'', in Kuyvenhove n, A.; Memedovic, O.; van-der-Windt, N. (eds.)
Transition in Central and Eastern Europe:  Implic ations for EU-LDC rela tions. EU-LDC Trade and
Capital Relations Series . Dordrecht; Boston and London: Kluwer Academic.
Yang, Y. and Zhong, C. (1998) ''China's Textil e and Clothing Exports in a Changing World
Economy'', Developing Economies 36, 1: 3-23.
Yazdani, T. (1999) ''Pakistan's Textile and Anti-Dumping Laws'', Lahore Journal of Economics 4, 2:
Zhang, X. et-al. (1996) ''The 'Wool War' and the 'Cotton Chaos': Fibre Marketing'', in Garnaut, R.;
Guo, S.; Ma, G. (eds.) The Third Revolution in the Chinese Countryside. Trade and Development
Series . Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
C. IMPACT STUDIES
Cassing, J.H. and Hu, F-Y. (1996) ''More Evidence on the Costs of the MFA and Liberalization
Proposals from an Exporter's Viewpoint:  The Interests of Taiwan'', Indian Journal of Applied
Economics 5, 2: 21-57.
Chadha, R., Brown, D.K., Deardorff, A. and Stern, R.M. (2000) ''Computational Analysis of the
Impact on India of the Uruguay Round and the Forthcoming WTO Trade Negotiations'', No 312 inWilliam Davidson Institute Working Papers Series.
Chandra, P. et-al. (1998) ''Using DEA to Evaluate Twenty-nine Canadian Textile Companies--
Considering Returns to Scale'', International Journal of Production Economics 54, 2: 129-141.
Dean, J.M. (1995) ''Market Disruption and the Incidence of VERs under the MFA'', Review of
Economics and Statistics 77, 2: 383- 388.
El Behri, A., Hertel T. and Martin, W. (1997) ''Es timating the Impact of Trade Reforms in the Indian
Cotton Sector: A General Equilibrium Approach.'', American Journal of Agricultural Economics 79,
5: 1712-1712.
Francois, J. (1997) ''The Impact of the Multifiber Arrangement Phaseout on the Asian Economies:
Comments'', in Panagariya, A.; Quibria, M.G.; Rao, N. (eds.) The Global Trading System and
Developing Asia . Oxford; New York and Hong Kong: Oxford University Press for the Asian
Development Bank.
Gruber, H. (1998) ''The Diffusi on of Innovations in Protected Industries: The Textile Industry'',
Applied Economics 30, 1: 77-83.G/C/W/369
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Hanson, K.A. and Reinert, K.A. (1997) ''The Distributional Effects of U.S. Textile and Apparel
Protection'', International Economic Journal  11, 3: 1-12.
Kathuria, S., Martin, W. and Bhardwaj, A. (2001) ''Implications for South Asian Countries of
Abolishing the Multifibre Arrangement'', Washington: World Bank.
http://econ.worldbank.org/files/2729_wps2721.pdf
Whalley, J. (1997) ''The Impact of the Multifiber Arrangement Phaseout on the Asian Economies'', inPanagariya, A.; Quibria, M.G.; Rao, N. (eds.) The Global Trading System and Developing Asia .
Oxford; New York and Hong Kong: Oxford University Press for the Asian Development Bank.
Xu, P. (1997) ''Effect of Multi-fiber Arrangement Trade Restrictions on Textile Industry Profit
Margins'', Contemporary Economic Policy 15, 3: 93-102.
Yang, Y. (1998) ''The Impact of MFA Phasing Ou t on World Clothing and Textile Markets'', in
Milner, C. (ed.) Developing and Newly Indu strializing Countries , Vol 2. Globalization of the World
Economy, Vol. 4. Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, Mass.: Elgar.
Yang, Y., Martin, W. and Yanagishima, K. (1997) ''Evaluating the Benefits of Abolishing the MFA in
the Uruguay Round Package'', in Hertel, T.W.(ed.) Global Trade Analysis:  Modeling and
Applications . Cambridge; New York and Melbou rne: Cambridge University Press.
Yazdani, T. (1998) ''Impact of MFA on Pakistan's Textiles and Clothing Industry with Special
Reference to the United States'', Pakistan Economic and Social Review 36, 2: 203-224
D. REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENTS
Gereffi, G. (2000) ''The Transformation of the No rth American Apparel Industry: Is NAFTA a Curse
or a Blessing?'', Integration and Trade 4, 11: 47-95.
Hamid, S. et-al. (1997) ''The Impact of the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement on the Large and
Small U.S. Firms in the Textiles, Computer, Oil and Gas, and Auto Industries'', International Trade
Journal 11, 2: 221-246.
James, W.E. and Umemoto, M. (2000) ''NAFTA Trade with East Asia: Rules of Origin and Market
Access in Textiles, Apparel, Footwear and Electrical Machinery'', ASEAN Economic Bulletin  17, 3:
293-311.
http://202.0.149.14/journals/aeb.html
Kessler, J.A. (1999) ''The North American Free Trade Agreement, Emerging Apparel ProductionNetworks and Industrial Upgrading: the Southern California/Mexico Connection'', Review of
International Political Economy 6, 4: 565-608.
Leon, R. and Salazar-Xirinachs, J-M. (2001) ''T he New Caribbean Basin Initiative: Impact and
Opportunities'', Integration and Trade 5, 13: 113-125.
http://www.iadb.org/intal/ING LES/publicaciones/I-I&C.HTM
Linkins, L.A. (1997) Assessing the Economic Impact of the MFA:  An Analysis of Estimation,
Aggregation, and Modeling Methods , American University, Ph.D.
Mehta, R. (1996) ''Textile and Apparel Trade - Impact of 'New Regionalism''', Economic and Political
Weekly 31, 23: 1405-1410.G/C/W/369
Page 10
Odutola, A.O. (1996) The Economic Impact of the North Amer ican Free Trade Agreement on the U.S.
Textile and Apparel Industries:  A Computable General Equilibrium Approach , Howard University,
Ph.D.
Robert, M. (2000) Negotiating NAFTA: Explaining the outcome in culture, textiles, autos, and
pharmaceuticals , Toronto; Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press.
__________