WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  GATS/EL/138 
29 April 2004 
 (04-1920) 
Trade in Services  
   
 
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
 
Final List of Article II (MFN) Exemptions
 
  
(This is authentic in English only) 
 
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  GATS/EL/138
 Page 3LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS OF TH E FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA  
Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Real estate and Land   
All Sectors  Foreign natural persons may by 
inheritance obtain a right to ownership of real estate and land on the territory of FYROM, 
under condition of reciprocity. 
 Foreign legal persons may, under condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to 
ownership of real estate and land on the 
territory of FYROM through inheritance, on the basis of a testament. 
 A foreign natural person may, under 
condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to ownership of a flat or a building in FYROM. 
 A foreign natural person may, under 
condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to ownership and right to a long-term lease of 
business premises on the territory of FYROM. 
 A foreign natural or legal person may, 
under conditions of reciprocity, obtain a right 
to a long-term lease of building land for 
construction of business buildings and 
premises and apartment buildings and 
apartments on the te rritory of FYROM. 
 Building land can be owned by domestic 
natural and legal persons only.  Foreign  
natural and legal persons are only permitted to acquire long-term leases of no more than 99 
years. 
 A foreign natural or legal person may, under  conditions of reciprocity, obtain a right 
to long-term lease of agricultural land on the 
territory of FYROM. All countries Indefinite Requirements of bilateral and 
regional commitments.  
 GATS/EL/138 
Page 4 Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Legal Services  (excluding 
consultancy on home country, foreign and 
international law) 
 Legal services of foreign suppliers may be 
provided on the basis of reciprocity. 
   All countries Indefinite Reciprocal coordination of the 
legal profession within the 
overall regional development of judicial and administrative 
institutions. 
Audiovisual Services 
-Production and 
distribution of 
cinematographic 
works and television 
programmes  
 Measures based upon government-to-
government framework agreements, and 
plurilateral agreements, on co-production of 
audiovisual works, which confer national 
treatment to audiovisual works covered by 
these agreements, in particular in relation to distribution and access to funding. All countries with whom 
cultural co-operation may 
be desirable. Indefinite The aim of these agreements is 
to promote cultural links 
between the countries 
concerned. 
Audiovisual services  - Production and 
distribution of 
audiovisual works through broadcasting 
or other forms of 
transmission to the public 
 Measures which define works of European 
origin in such a way as to extend national 
treatment to audiovisual works which meet 
certain linguistic and origin criteria regarding access to broadcasting or similar forms of 
transmission. European countries Indefinite The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural 
values both within EC 
Member States, and with other countries in Europe, as well as 
achieving linguistic policy 
objectives. 
Audiovisual Services - Production and 
distribution of 
television programmes and 
cinematographic 
works 
 Measures granting the benefit of any support 
programmes (such as Action Plan for 
Advanced Television Services, EURECA 
Audiovisuel, MEDIA or EURIMAGES) to audiovisual works, and suppliers of such 
works, meeting certain European origin 
criteria. European countries Indefinite.  Exemption needed, 
for certain countries, only until 
an economic integration 
agreement is concluded or completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the 
regional identity of countries 
within Europe which have long standing cultural links. 
Educational Services Preferences may be extended in 
implementation of student exchange programs, 
for visits by educators, and for educational 
institutions in order to promote cooperation in cultural exchange.  All countries Indefinite The requirement for particular 
international participation in the 
development of general and 
specialized educational programs, including special 
regional or international 
programs.  
  GATS/EL/138
 Page 5Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
CRS and sales and marketing of air 
transport services  
 
 The obligations of CRS system vendors or of 
parent and participating air carriers shall not 
apply where equivalent treatment is not accorded in the country of origin of the parent 
carrier or of the system vendor. All countries where a CRS 
system vendor or a parent 
air carrier is located. Indefinite The need for the exemption 
results from the insufficient 
development of multilaterally agreed rules for the operation of 
CRS. 
Road Transport 
Services  Measures applied under existing or future 
agreements with the governments of other 
countries offer favourable treatment.  All countries with which 
FYROM has agreements 
on road transport in force.  Indefinite The need for exemption is 
linked to the region 
characteristics of the road 
transport services and to the 
necessity to regulate traffic 
rights in and across the territory of FYROM and 
between FYROM and the 
countries concerned. 
 
 
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