WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/STR/N/4/USA
24 November 2003
(03-6257)
Working Party on
State Trading EnterprisesOriginal:  English
STATE TRADING
New and Full Notification Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a)
of the GATT 1994 and Paragraph 1 of the Understanding on
the Interpretation of Article XVII
UNITED STATES
The following communication, dated 19 November 2003, is being circulated at the request of the
Delegation of the United States.
_______________
Pursuant to Article XVII:4 of GATT 1994 an d paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the
Interpretation of Article XVII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the United States makes
the following full and new notification of its state trading enterprises for 1998:
I. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION
1. Enumeration of State Trading Enterprise
(a) Identification of state trading enterprise
The US Department of Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).
 
(b) Description of Products
 Non-fat dry milk (0402), Butter (0405), Cheese (0406), Honey (0409), Dry beans (0713), Wheat
(1001), Rye (1002), Barley (1003) , Oats (1004), Corn (1005), Rice (1006), Sorghum (1007), Soybeans
(1201), Peanuts (1202), Flaxseed (1204), Sunflower seeds (1206), Sugar (1212), Tobacco (2401), Cotton
(5201), Mohair (5102), Wool (4102), and Pulses (0708).
 
2. Reason and Purpose
(a) Reason or Purpose
 The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a go vernment-owned and operated entity within the
US Department of Agriculture.  CCC was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm income andG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 2
prices.  CCC also helps maintain balanced and adequate supplies of agricultural commodities and helps in
their orderly distribution.
 
(b) Legal Authority
 CCC was incorporated on 17 October 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of $3
million.  It was initially managed and operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation, which funded its operations.  On 1 July 1939, CCC was transferred to USDA by the
President's Reorganization Plan I.  It was reincorporated on 1 July 1948, as a federal corporation within
USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act  (62 Stat. 1070, 15 U.S.C. 714).
 
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise
(a) Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise
 
 The CCC Charter Act, as amended, authorizes CCC to support prices of agricultural commodities
through loans, purchases, payments, and other operations, and makes available materials and facilities
required in the production and marketing of ag ricultural commodities.  The CCC Charter Act also
authorizes the sale of agricultural commodities to other government agencies and foreign governments,
and food donations to domestic, foreign, or international relief agencies.
 
(b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading enterprise
 Organization:   CCC is managed by a Board of Directors, subject to the general supervision and
direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex officio  Director and Chairman of the Board.  In
addition to the Secretary, the Board consists of seven members who are appointed by the President of the
United States with the advice and consent of the Senate.  The members of the Board and the Corporation's
officers are all officials of USDA.  CCC has no operating personnel.  Its price support, storage, reserve
and diversion programmes, and its domestic acquisition and disposal activities for price supported
commodities, are carried out primarily through the personnel and facilities of the Farm Service Agency(FSA).  Export sales (except for tobacco and peanuts) and foreign assistance donations of CCC-controlled
stocks are administered through the General Sales Manager of the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS).
 
 Financing:  CCC has an authorized capital stock of $100 million held by the United States, with
the authority to have outstanding borrowings of up to $30 billion at any one time.  The fiscal year 1988
appropriation act, P.L. 100-202, increased the statutory borrowing authority from $25 to $30 billion.
 
 Funds are borrowed from the Treasury.  Interest on borrowings from the Treasury (and on capital
stock) is paid at a rate based upon the average interest rate of all outstanding marketable obligations (of
comparable maturity date) of the US Government as of the preceding month.  Interest may also be paid on
other notes and obligations at a rate prescribed by the CCC and approved by the Secretary of the
Treasury.  The Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriation Act , 1966, made provision
for terminating interest after 30 June 1964, on the portion of the CCC's borrowings from the Treasury
equal to the unreimbursed realized losses recorded on the books of the Corporation after the end of the
fiscal year in which such losses are realized.
 
 Commodity Support Activities :  The basic structure and operational elements of commodity
support programmes are contained in legislation commonly known as "the Farm Bill".  The Federal
Agriculture, Improvement and Reform Act of 1996  (P.L. 104-127, 110 Stat. 888) authorized commodityG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 3
support programmes for 1996 through 2002.  The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
authorizes commodity support programmes for 2002 through 2007.
 
 Commodity support operations, handled primarily through loan, purchase and payment
programmes, include those for wheat, corn, oilseeds, cotton, rice, tobacco, milk and milk products, barley,oats, sorghum, peanuts, sugar, honey, wool, mohair and pulses.  Support for milk and products of milk is
carried out through purchases of butter, cheese and non-fat dry milk from processors and handlers.  There
are no CCC support programmes for processed products, other than dairy products and sugar.
 
 In carrying out commodity support programmes, the CCC acquires inventory in two principal
ways:
 
 Takeover – Under the non-recourse loan programme, a producer must redeem the commodity by
loan repayment time.  If not, CCC takes over title and possession of the commodity, which was
pledged as collateral for the non-recourse loan.  The non-recourse nature of such loans means that
CCC must accept the collateral as full repayment of  the loan at the producer’s option.  Settlement
of the loan is then made at the loan rate based on the quantity and quality of the commodityinvolved.  In limited situations, CCC also offers recourse loans.  However, these loans cannot be
forfeited and commodities involved are not a source of CCC inventory.
 
 Purchases - Prices of specified commodities are supported through CCC purchases of the
commodities from producers or processors.  For example, support for milk and products of milkis carried out through purchases of butter, cheese, and non-fat dry milk from processors and
handlers.
 
Domestic Food Assistance Programmes :  In certain circumstances, CCC is authorized to donate
food commodities acquired through the non-recourse commodity loan programmes or from CCCinventory for use in the Food Distribution on Indian Reservation Programme, and by federal, state, and
private agencies.  The commodities are used for the National School Lunch Programme/Child Nutrition
Commodity Programmes, Commodity Supplemental Food Programme, the Emergency Food Assistance
Programme and charitable institutions for distribution to the needy.
 
 CCC provides surplus dairy products to the armed services and to veterans hospitals without
charge, except for the cost of packaging.  CCC also donates food acquired through support programmes tofederal penal and correctional institutions and to St ate correctional institutions for minors, except where
service is provided on a concessional basis.  CCC makes available to the Secretary of the Department of
the Interior grain acquired through support operations to be used as feed for migratory waterfowl for the
purpose of preventing crop damage.  The Secretary of the Department of the Interior may also requisition
CCC-owned grain for feeding starving migratory birds, and any state may requisition CCC-owned grainupon the finding of the Secretary of the Department of  the Interior that resident game birds and other
resident wildlife are threatened with starvation.
 
 CCC makes available farm commodities or products in areas of acute economic distress, and in
connection with certain major disasters, as determined by the President of the United States.
 
 Export Programmes :  CCC is authorized to promote the export of US agricultural commodities
and products through grants, sales, payments to exporters, direct credits and the conduct of other activities
related to the exportation of commodities.  CCC uses the services of USDA agencies to administer
international food donation and food assistance programmes (e.g. Food for Progress).
 G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 4
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) uses the services of CCC to provide export credit
guarantees and operate export subsidy programmes.   FAS administers four export credit guarantee
programmes:  the short-term "supplier credit" programme (SCGP), the export credit guarantee
programme (GSM-102), the intermediate export credit guarantee programme (GSM-103), and the Facility
Guarantee Programme (FGP).  Under the Export  Enhancement Programme (EEP) and Dairy Export
Incentive Programme (DEIP), cash bonuses are paid to US exporters, allowing them to meet prevailing
world market prices for targeted US agricultural commodities.  Only the DEIP is operational at this time.
 
 CCC also is authorized to make direct (subsidized) sales of dairy products from its inventories to
export markets.  However, CCC has not done so since 1995.
 
(c) Type of entities other than the state tradin g enterprise that are allowed to engage in
importation/exportation and conditions for participation
 
 All import and export activities within the customs territory of the United States may be freely
entered into by private sector traders without any special conditions or restrictions.
 
 (d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise
  
Although authorized to conduct direct export sales by the CCC Charter Act, the CCC is currently
not engaged in direct export sales activity.  During periods when the CCC direct sales programme is
active, export levels are determined by estimating actual stocks over and above what is anticipated to besold back to the domestic industry.
 
 (e) How export prices are determined
  
For the direct export sales programme, CCC dete rmines export prices through negotiations with
foreign buyers based on competitive conditions at prevailing world market prices.
 
 (f) How resale prices of imported products are determined
  
CCC does not import.
  
(g) Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise.  Whether the state
trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the government
  
CCC is not authorized to negotiate long-term sales contracts.  However, CCC does act to fulfil
certain contractual obligations entered into by the government.  For example, CCC provides export credit
guarantees and operates export subsidy programmes.  CCC uses the services of the Foreign AgriculturalService of the US Department of Agriculture to enter into cooperative agreements with non-profit
agricultural trade commodity groups to administer the Market Access Programme and Foreign Market
Development Programme.  CCC is authorized to contract for use of privately owned facilities in carrying
out its activities.  CCC also has authority to acquire personal property and to rent or lease office space
necessary for its business. CCC is prohibited from acquiring real property, or any interest in property,except for the purpose of protecting its financial interests and for providing adequate storage to carry out
its programmes.
 G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 5
 (h) Brief description of market structure
 
CCC has not made any export sales since 1995.  During periods when the direct export sales
programme was operational, CCC sales activity comprised a very small share of total US agricultural
commodity exports.  Moreover, CCC export sales volume represented a minimal level of competition forthe US private sector trade.
Data on direct export sales do not include CCC disposals from inventory for domestic or foreign
food assistance programmes.  CCC inventory operations are detailed each year in the Report of the
President of the Commodity Credit Corporation.
 
4. Statistical Information
 (See attached Tables I - III)
 
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place
 As indicated in previous sections above, the CCC has not engaged in direct export sales activity
since US Fiscal Year 1995.  Products previously exported under the CCC direct sales programme are now
handled through the private trade.
 
6. Additional information
N.A.
II. ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMME
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise
(a) Identification
The United States maintains the Isotope Production and Distribution Programme within the
Department of Energy.
(b) Description of Product Affected
The products affected are isotopes under Harmonized Tariff System headings 2844 and 2845.
2. Reason and purpose for introducing and maintaining state trading enterprises
(a) Reason and Purpose
The Department of Energy, through its laboratories, provides radioactive and stable isotope
products and associated services to a wide and varied domestic and international market.  The IsotopeProduction and Distribution (IP&D) Programme produces  and sells radioactive and stable isotopes,
byproducts, surplus materials, and related isotope services.   These products and services are sold
worldwide and are used for a variety of research, development, biomedical, and industrial applications.
The programme's objectives are to produce and distribute isotopes for research and development, medicalG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 6
diagnostics and therapy, and other applications that are in the national interest.  DOE is examining
opportunities to have new ventures funded or co-funded by the private sector.
(b) Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides the basic authority for the Department of Energy to
produce and distribute isotopes and to support research and development of new isotope products and
technology.
3. Description of the functioning of the state trading enterprises
(a) Overview
The IP&D Programme markets, stores, and distributes isotopes that are currently produced at
Department of Energy laboratories.  The Department su pplies isotopes for use in medicine, research and
development, and industry.   The Department of  Energy is the only US source of many important
isotopes. The Department of Energy is involved in isotope production and distribution only where:  (1)
there is no US private sector capability; (2) there is a need for unique government facilities such asnuclear reactors and associated hot cells, particle accelerators and isotope enrichment facilities;  or (3)
other productive capacity is insufficient to meet pressing US needs.
The specific materials sold under the programme are listed in Annex I. Prices for the products
sold are based on a number of factors, including production costs and market value.
The programme also develops improved means of producing and separating isotopes that are
needed to serve the national interest. Such services include, but are not limited to, irradiation services,
target preparation and processing, source encapsulation and other special preparations, analyses and
separations, services related to shipping, and processing returned isotopes.
The programme's mission is to maintain the infrastructure required to support the national need
for a reliable supply of isotope products, services, and related technology used in medicine, industry, and
research.  This assures that critical isotope production infrastructure is operated in a safe, secure,
environmentally compliant and cost-effective manner, thus ensuring that the facilities are available to
users who need DOE-produced isotopes.  To this e nd, the Isotope Programme functions as a business and,
therefore, focuses attention on the quality of products and services, customer satisfaction, cost control,marketing, pricing stability, and revenue and cash collections.
Commercial isotopes are sold on a full cost-recovery basis. These costs include direct costs
related to the production of a specific isotope as well as infrastructure costs. Research isotopes are sold on
a direct cost recovery basis as only direct costs are including in their pricing structure. Because noappropriation is made in the IP&D Budget for isot ope production and distribution, customers are required
to make advance payment for all isotope transactions  save for those isotopes sold from inventory. The
IP&D sells isotopes to government entities, domestic purchasers, and to foreign purchasers.
The Department coordinates its activities with commercial producers to ensure the continued
availability of essential isotopes.  The Department is streamlining its activities by consolidating or
privatizing wherever possible to reduce the cost to US taxpayers.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 7
(b) Specification of Privilege
The Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy operates the Isotope Production and
Distribution programme on a revolving fund and maintains financial viability through revenues from sales
and annual appropriations. Prior to creation of the revolving fund in1989, the Department of Energysubsidized the programme.  The Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act for fiscal year 1995
authorizes the Secretary of Energy to transfer avai lable amounts appropriated for use by the Department
of Energy into the revolving fund to continue activities.
 
 (c) Other types of entities allowed to import or export; conditions on participation
Private companies and universities engaged in the production and distribution of isotopes are
permitted to import and export isotopes.
(d) How import or export levels are established for state trading enterprises
The programme forecasts future trends through frequent interactions between isotope customers
and programme staff, site visits, attendance at professional meetings, and coordination of programme
activities with stakeholders in the isotope community.  Research on market sizes, pricing pressures,
competition, and customer feedback is also obtained through independent surveys and studies, as well as
programme management assessments.
(e) How export prices are determined
Prices charged for the programme’s products are based on production costs, market value, and
research needs.
(f) How import prices are determined
Import prices are determined by production costs and market value.
(g) Whether long-term contracts are negotiated
Whether state trading methods are used to fulfil contractual obligations:Yes, long-term contracts are negotiated ofte n with price discounts for quantity purchases.
(h) Description of market structure
The worldwide isotope market has three majo r components: medical, industry (including
homeland security), and scientific (non-medical) research.  This market is characterized by high barriers
to entry, production facilities that are  primarily government owned and operated, and demand driven by a
few major commercial customers.  The number of suppliers for selected major isotopes is growing due to
a shortage of suppliers for these key isotopes used in hospitals and the private sector.
4. Statistical information
Table I: Import information by product:  See Attached Tables.
Table II: Export information by product:  See Attached Tables.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 8
Table III: Domestic activities where STE also trades products internationally :  S e e
Attached Tables.
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place (if this is the case) in products affected:
1995 – 2002:  Table I. The State Trading Enterprise (Isotope Production and Distribution) is engaged in
the primary production and distribution of stable (enriched) and radio-isotopes.  These isotopes are not
imported for resale.  In those few cases where radioactive materials have been imported, significant value
has been added to the product by the State Trading Enterprise prior to being sold in form required by
customers.  No Heavy Water (HS 2844.40.0010)  imported during this reporting period.
1995 – 2002:  Table II. Cobalt-60 (HS 2844.40.0010) not sold to foreign customers during this reporting
period.  Only sold domestically for the years 1995 and 1996 and reported as such in Table III.  Heavy
water (HS 2845.10.0000) not exported during this reporting period.
6. Additional information
None.G/STR/N/4/USA
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ANNEX 1
List of isotopes sold
Actinium-225
Aluminium-26
Americium-241, -243
Arsenic-73
Beryllium-7
Bismuth-207
Calcium-42, -43, -44, -46, -48
Californium-252Cadmium-109, -112
Cesium-137
Chromium-50, -53
Cobat-60
Copper-67Curium-244, -248
Dysprosium-163
Gadolinium-148
Gallium-69
Germanium-68Helium-3
Holmium-166
Hydrogen-2, -3
Iodine-125, -131
Iridium-192Iron-54, -55, -57, -58
Krypton-78, -86
Lead-204
Lithium-6, -7
Lutetium-176, -177
Magnesium-28
Molybdenum-99Nickel-61, -62, -63
Palladium-103
Phosphorous-32
Platinum-195m
Plutonium-238, -239, -240, -242Polonium-209
Rubidium-85, -87
Samarium-152
Selenium-75
Silicon-29, -32Sodium-22
Strontium-82, -84, -85, -88, -89, -90
Technetium-95m,99
Tellurium-124
Thallium-203Thorium-229, -230Titanium-44
Tungsten-188/Rhenium-188
Uranium-234, -235, -238
Xenon-124, -126, -127, -133
Yttrium-88, -90
Zinc-65, -66, -68, -70
Zirconium-90, -92, -94, -96G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 10
III. NAVAL PETROLEUM AND OIL SHALE RESERVES
1. Identification of the state trading en terprise (“STE”) and scope of products
(a) Identification
Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves.
(b) Description of products affected:
The products affected are Crude Petroleum,  Harmonized Tariff System Number 2709; and
Natural Gas, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2711.
2. Reason and purpose for establishing and maintaining the STE
(a) Reason or purpose
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves were established in the early 1900s as large
untapped sources of crude oil that could be utilized by the military in times of short supply or
emergencies.
(b) Legal authority
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves were established by a series of Executive
Orders issued in:  1909, 1910, and 1912 (President Taft);  1915 (President Wilson);  1923 (PresidentHarding); and 1924 (President Coolidge).  The Naval Petroleum Reserves Production Act of 1976
(Public Law 94-258) is the basic authorizing legislation for the Reserves.  Other legislation governing
the administration and operation of the Naval Petroleum Reserves includes the Department of Energy
Organization Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-258); National Defence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
1996 (Public Law 104-106); National Defence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law105-85); Strom Thurmond National Defence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (Public Law
105-261); and the Floyd D. Spence National Defence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public
Law 106-398).
3. Description and functioning of the STE
(a) Overview of operations
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves are managed by the United States Department
of Energy (DOE) and operate similar to a comm ercial petroleum development and production
company.  Wells are drilled within the Reserves for crude oil and natural gas, and the produced
products are sold on the open market by competit ive bidding.  The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale
Reserves does not engage in any importing or exporting activities of any kind.
(b) Specification of exclusive rights and privileges granted to the STE
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves receive annual appropriations through the
regular budgeting process.  All revenues received from product sales are deposited into the generalfund of the Treasury.  No other exclusive rights or privileges are granted.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 11
(c) Other types of entities that participate in the same activities as the STE
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves operate very much like a commercial oil and
gas development and production company.  Thousands of such commercial companies presently exist
in the United States.
(d) Criteria/considerations taken into account by the STE in determining quantities of imports
and exports
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves does not engage in any importing or exporting
activities of any kind.
(e) How the STE determines its export price
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves does not engage in any importing or exporting
activities of any kind.
(f) How the STE determines the price for imports resold to domestic customers
The Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves does not engage in any importing or exporting
activities of any kind.
(g) Whether and how long-term contracts are negotiated by the STE
Contracts for the purchase of produced products are negotiated through an open competitive
bidding process and typically have a term of 6 to 12 months.
(h) Brief description of market structure
The crude oil and natural gas markets in the United States are diverse, competitive, and not
under the control or influence of the Federal government.
4. Data tables
Table I: Import information by product:  Not applicable ;  no products are imported
by Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves.
Table II: Export information by product:  Not applicable ;  no products are exported by
Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves.
Table III: Domestic activities where STE also trades products internationally :  Not
applicable ; the Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves does not trade
internationally.
5. Explanation of why no trade has taken place
The mission of the Naval Petroleum And Oil Shale Reserves does not require the importation
or export of any products.
6. Other information
None.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 12
IV. POWER ADMINISTRATIONS
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise
(a) Identification
The United States maintains the Bonneville Power Administration, Southeastern Power
Administration, Southwestern Power Administrati on, and Western Area Power Administration within
the Department of Energy.
(b) Description of Product Affected
The product affected is Electrical Ener gy, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2716.
2. Reason and purpose for introducing and maintaining state trading enterprises
(a) Reason and Purpose
The Power Marketing Administrations (PMA’s) market wholesale electricity generated at
hydroelectric dams owned and managed by the Unite d States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and
the United States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation).  The federal government began to market
electricity after the Congress authorized the construction of the dams and established major water
projects, primarily in the 1930s to the 1960s.  The Corps and the Reclamation operate these projects to
provide or manage water for such multiple purposes as irrigation, flood control, navigation,recreation, water supply, and environmental enhancement.  These agencies also generate electricity at
about 130 hydropower plants located at federal water projects.  The PMAs sell the power that is not
used for projects’ purposes to “preference customers” - cooperatives and public bodies, such as
municipal utilities, irrigation districts, and military installations.  Any remaining excess power is sold
to other utilities.
The self-financed Bonneville is obligated to meet requesting electric utility, non-generating,
electric loads in its Pacific Northwest marketing area, encourage conservation, develop renewable
energy resources and to protect, mitigate and enhance the fish and wildlife of the Columbia River and
its tributaries.  Bonneville sells at wholesale the electric power produced at 31 operating federal
hydroelectric projects operated by the Corps a nd Reclamation and acquires and sells non-Federal
electric power and conservation resources sufficient to meet the net, non-generating, requirements ofBonneville customers.  Bonneville’s Administrator and the Corps’ Division Engineer, Northwestern
Division, are directed by Executive Order to be the US Entity overseeing the execution of the 1961
Columbia River Treaty between the US and Canada.
(b) Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges
The Department of Energy is responsible for the regionally based PMAs, which operate
pursuant to their enabling legislation, including th e Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977.
The missions of the Southeastern Power Administ ration and the Southwestern Power Administration,
are set forth in section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944 as set out in Title 16, Section 825s of theUnited States Code.
The Bonnevile Project Act of 1937 (“Project Act”) established the Bonneville Power
Administration within the Department of the Inte rior.  The Bonneville Project Act, the Federal
Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, The Pacific Northwest Electric Power PlanningG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 13
and Conservation Act of 1980, and other federal laws, contain provisions that define Bonneville’s
mission and/or affect the way it is carried out.
The authority for Western Area Power Administration’s operations derives from the federal
reclamations laws, in particular section 9(c) of the Reclamation Project Act of 1939.
3. Description of the functioning of the state trading enterprises
(a) Overview
The United States federal government markets wholesale electricity to publicly-owned and
investor-owned utilities and provides transmission service (wheeling) to wholesale buyers and sellers
of electricity.  Bonneville, Western and Sout hwestern own and operate high voltage power
transmission lines and also make use of other utilit ies’ transmission systems in order to deliver power
to their customers’ power grids.  Southeastern reli es on other utilities’ transmission systems to deliver
power to their customers’ power grids.
The PMAs sell electric power that is not used by the Reclamation or the Corps to provide or
manage water for such multiple purposes as irrigation, flood control, navigation, recreation, water
supply, and environmental enhancement.  The federal government, as of 2001, produced and
marketed about seven per cent of all US electricity production and about 10 per cent of US electric
utility production of electricity through the combined efforts of the PMAs as well as the Tennessee
Valley Authority (TVA).  The TVA is a wholly owned federal corporation that generates and marketsfederal power in Tennessee and parts of six other southeastern states.
In addition to its federal projects, Bonneville Power Administration has acquired all of the
generating capability of one operational nuclear power plant, the Energy Northwest Columbia
Generating Station.
(b) Specification of Privilege
The PMAs, except the self-financed Bonneville, are funded primarily by annual
appropriations to the Department of Energy, and most of the non-Bonneville PMA revenue generated
is deposited in the Miscellaneous Receipts account and the Reclamation Fund in the US Treasury.
The PMAs, are exempt from Federal income taxation and from state and local taxation.
The Federal Government has invested capital into the power features of the federal generating
agencies and the PMAs, through annual appropriations, and also borrowing authority in the case of
the self-financed Bonneville, which the PMAs are required to repay with interest.  The interest rates
are set by law, administrative order pursuant to law, or administrative policies.  For example,Bonneville repays the appropriations:  (1) Bonnevill e received and expended prior to receiving self-
financing authority in 1974 and (2) the power component of appropriations the Corps and
Reclamation have received and expended for the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS).
As of the of FY 2002, $3.966 billion of appropriations, bearing an average 7.0 per cent interest rate,
remained to be repaid by Bonneville.
To finance its capital programmes, Bonneville is authorized by the Federal Columbia River
Transmission System Act of 1974, as amended, to issue to the US Treasury up to $4.45 billion of
interest-bearing bonds with terms and repayment conditions comparable to debt issued by US
government corporations.  Bonneville is statutor ily treated (16 USC 838i (c)) as a wholly owned US
Government corporation under provisions of th e Government Corporation Control Act (31 USC
9106) for purposes of its financial and budget operations.  As of the end of FY 2002, Bonneville had
outstanding, at an average interest rate of 6.2 per cent, $2.771 billion of bonds issued to the Treasury.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 14
Total non-federal debt, for non-Federal projects, at the end of FY 2002 was $6.202 billion, and bore
an average interest rate of 5.5 per cent.  Total Bonneville debt at the end of FY 2002 was thus $12.939
billion and bore an overall average interest rate of 6.1 per cent.
(c) Other types of entities allowed to import or export; conditions on participation
More than 3,000 private investor-owned, local government-owned, and cooperatively-owned
utilities engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity are permitted to import
and export electricity.  The Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, grants permits for the
construction of international border facilities and export authorizations.  No authorization is needed to
import electricity. Investment in these activities is  permitted, and such companies are subject to the
laws of the United States and to state laws.
(d) How import or export levels are established for state trading enterprises
The PMAs may export electricity as authorized by each PMA’s legislative authority and by
its management.  Southeastern and Southwestern do not import or export power to other countries.Western imports and exports only nonfirm power.  A portion of the firm power generated at federal
and nonfederal Columbia River projects is owned by Canada (“Canadian Entitlement”) under the
terms of the Columbia River Treaty, and Bonneville delivers that power to the US Canada border and
is obligated to do so through 16 September 2024.  Additionally, from time to time, Bonneville may
export short-term nonfirm or firm energy or capacity.
The PMAs are not required to obtain export authorizations from the Department of Energy,
Office of Fossil Energy.  Import and export levels are determined by supply and demand.
How import and export levels are established for companies engaged in electricity generation,
transmission and distribution:  Private investor-owned, local government-owned, and cooperatively
owned utilities’ import and export levels are based on supply and demand.  The Department of
Energy, Office of Fossil Energy authorizes export s based on the effect of the transaction on the
technical reliability of the regional US electricity grid, taking into account environmental impacts.
(e) How export prices are determined
Western’s rates for export sales of nonfirm energy are market-based.  Bonneville’s rates for
export sales of nonfirm or firm energy are established consistent with its governing statutes and
reviewed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
(f) How import prices are determined
Bonneville and Western pay market-based rate s for their nonfirm or firm power imports.
(g) Whether long-term contracts are negotiated
Western does not sign long-term contracts for the exportation or importation of nonfirm
power.  Bonneville, Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western sign long-term contracts for the sale of
federally-generated power within the United States.  Bonneville concluded on 1 April 2003 35-year
contracts with a consortium of Northwest utilities (“Canadian Storage Power Exchange”) to deliver
Canadian Entitlement purchased by them under the Columbia River Treaty for that time period.  Tothe extent that the Columbia River Treaty is a “contract” between Canada and the United States,
delivery of Canadian Entitlement is a long-ter m export obligated to run through September 16, 2024
at a minimum.  The magnitude of the export is 4.7 TWh (one Terawatt hour equals a million
megawatt hours) annually at peak rates of 1170 MW.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 15
Whether state trading methods are used to fulfil contractual obligations:  The PMA’s perform
their power marketing responsibilities in accordance with the various federal authorizing statutes that
guide and/or direct them.
(h) Description of market structure
The structure for the electricity market is compet itive.  Private investor-owned utilities, both
US and foreign-owned, government instrumentalitie s and government-owned providers of electricity,
are engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the US  The regional
electric grids are interconnected with Canada and Mexico.  There is no tariff on electricity.
4. Data tables
Table I: Import information by product:  See Attached Tables.
Table II: Export information by product:  See Attached Tables.
Table III: Domestic activities where STE also trades products internationally :  S e e
Attached Tables.
5. Explanation of why no trade has taken place
N.A.
6. Other information
None.
V. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise
(a) Identification
The United States maintains the Strategic Petroleum Reserve within the Department of
Energy.
(b) Description of product affected
The product affected is Crude Petroleum, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2709.
2. Reason and purpose for introducing and maintaining state trading enterprises
(a) Reason or purpose
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is a crude oil stockpile, managed by the Department
of Energy (DOE).  The SPR mission is to reduce vulnerability to economic, national security, and
foreign policy consequences of supply interruptions by discouraging supply disruptions as a tool ofother nations and by adding to crude oil supplies in the United States, in the event of a disruption due
either to policy, military or natural causes.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 16
(b) Summary of basis for exclusive or special rights or privileges
The SPR was created pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of
22 December 1975 (Public Law 94-163), as amended, to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies
of petroleum products and to carry out obligations of the United States under the Agreement on an
International Energy Programme.
3. Description and functioning of the state trading enterprise
(a) Overview
The United States, through the Strategic Petroleum Reserve of the Department of Energy,
owns and operates four underground storage facilities for crude oil with a combined storage capacityof700 million barrels.  SPR acquires both domestic and imported crude oil through purchase and
exchange, and as well as production and royalties from Federal lands.  In recent years, oil has been
obtained primarily through the competitive exchange of Federal offshore royalty oil for domestic or
imported oil to be delivered to the SPR.
During an emergency "drawdown" of crude oil from the reserve, the Department of Energy is
to competitively sell and distribute the crude oil to purchasers primarily through commercial pipelines
and marine terminals.  The oil stored in the reserve may not be exported, except for exchange.
The SPR holds about  620 million barrels of crude oil, the largest emergency oil stockpile in
the world.  Together, the facilities and crude oil represent more than a $20 billion national investment.
(b) Specification of privilege
The Department of Energy, Strategic Petroleum Reserve, is an agency of the United States
Government funded by annual appropriations and by the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account and
the SPR Petroleum Account.  During an emerge ncy drawdown and sale of crude oil, the SPR
Petroleum Account is the source of funding the incr emental costs of withdrawing oil from the storage
caverns and transporting it to the point where purchasers take title.   If additional funds are required
for drawdown, they may be transferred from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account or other
Department of Energy offices. The Federal Government deposits to the account an amount equal to
receipts realized from sales resulting from an emergency drawdown to create additional funding to fillthe SPR. In recent years, funds in the SPR Petroleum Account have been transferred to the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve Account.
(c) Other types of entities allowed to import or export; conditions on participation
Private companies engaged in the exploration, production, refining, storage and distribution
of crude oil are permitted to import and export crude oil.  Investment in these activities is permitted,
and such investment is subject to the laws of the United States and to state laws.
(d) How import/export levels are established for state trading enterprises
Import and export levels are not established for the Department of Energy, Strategic
Petroleum Reserve.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 17
(e) How import/export levels are established for other entities
Import and export levels for private investors engaged in the exploration, production, refining,
storage and distribution of crude oil are based on supply and demand.  Currently, net imports are
required to meet demand.
(f) How export prices are determined
The Department of Energy, Strategic Petroleu m Reserve does not export crude oil, and oil
from the SPR may not be exported, except for exchange.  The price of SPR crude oil is determined
through competition.
(g) How import prices are determined
The price of crude oil acquisition contracts is negotiated by the Department of Energy,
Strategic Petroleum Reserve, and the  supplier.  Imported and domestic crude oil is commingled in the
underground storage facilities.
(h) Whether long-term contracts are negotiated by the state enterprise
The Department of Energy, Strategic Petroleum Reserve negotiates six-months’ term royalty
exchange contracts to fill the Reserve.
Whether state-trading methods are used to fulfil government contractual obligations:
(i) Market Structure
The structure of the crude oil market is intern ational and competitive.  Vertically-integrated
oil companies and independent companies, both  US and foreign-owned, are engaged in the
exploration, production, refining, storage and distribution of crude oil in the US.  The tariffs on crude
oil are 5.25 cents per barrel for crude oil testing under 25 degrees API and 10.5 cents per barrel for
crude oil testing 25 degrees API or more.
4. Data tables
Table I: Import information by product:  See Attached Tables.
Table II: Export information by product:  See Attached Tables.Table III: Domestic activities where STE also trades products internationally :  S e e
Attached Tables.
5. Explanation of why no trade has taken place:  n.a.
6. Other information
None.G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 18TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS FISCAL YEAR 1995
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Non-Fat Dry Milk -
HS 0402191,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,358 / MT n.a. 559,000 MT
Butter Oil - HS
0405102,000 MT 0 n.a. $1,660 / MT n.a. 573,000 MT
TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS FISCAL YEAR 1995
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Non-Fat Dry Milk -
HS 040219170,000 MT 8,650 MT $2,394 / MT $2,358/MT $1,792 / MT 559,000 MT
Butter Oil - HS
04051064,000 MT 1,837 MT $2,278 / MT $1,660/MT $1,760 / MT 573,000 MTG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 19TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMEST IC ACTIVITIES FISCAL YEAR 1995
(Metric Tons)
Description of Product Including HS
NumberDomestic Purchases By State Trading
EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State Trading
EnterpriseNational
Consumption
Non-Fat Dry Milk (0402) 10,105 559,280 14,588 412,769
Honey (0409) 0 95,741 3,713 108,862
Butter (0405) 11,823 573,341 11,771 537,961
Cheese (0406) 5 3,137,499 0 3,254,073
Wheat (1001) 1,844,197 59,411,545 515,325 31,025,727
Barley (1003) 2,852 7,816,306 11,692 7,642,126
Oats (1004) 0 2,336,909 0 3,977,099
Corn (1005) 522,959 187,968,731 66,068 160,560,858
Rice (1006) 115,485 7,887,974 680 4,744,578
Sorghum (1007) 172,728 11,659,142 46,256 7,975,970
Soybeans (1201) 56,826 59,173,518 28,576 40,305,739
Peanuts (1202) 0 1,570,099 1,985 629,515
Flaxseed (1204) 0 56,187 1,225 235,748
Sugar (1212) 0 6,686,000 7,358 8,667,000
Cotton (5201) 0 3,897,223 37,449 2,224,272
Sunflower (1206) 10,977 1,818,603 10,977 1,514,000
Wool (4102) 0 15,211 0 64,410
Mohair (4102) 0 5,134 0 n/aG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 20 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS FISCAL YEAR 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Non-Fat Dry Milk -
HS 0402192,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,622 / MT n.a. 482,000 MT
Butter Oil - HS
0405101,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,341 / MT n.a. 533,000 MT
TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Non-Fat Dry Milk -
HS 04021031,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,358 / MT n.a. 482,000 MT
Butter Oil - HS
04051019,000 MT 0 n.a. $1,660 / MT n.a. 533,000 MTG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 21TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMEST IC ACTIVITIES FISCAL YEAR 1996
(Metric Tons)
Description of Product Including HS
NumberDomestic Purchases By State Trading
EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State Trading
EnterpriseNational
Consumption
Non-Fat Dry Milk (0402) 167 481,715 9,818 455,860
Honey (0409) 0 90,497 301 118,841
Butter (0405) 0 532,518 155 520,724
Cheese (0406) 0 3,274,031 0 3,340,255
Wheat (1001) 1,014,763 61,969,807 1,130,637 35,407,430
Barley (1003) 0 8,534,796 102,047 8,469,479
Oats (1004) 0 2,220,789 0 3,599,710
Corn (1005) 296,914 234,529,094 299,455 177,579,649
Rice (1006) 63,503 7,783,647 1,361 4,608,500
Sorghum (1007) 111,562 20,193,938 17,959 14,250,062
Soybeans (1201) 29,910 64,780,466 191 42,345,082
Peanuts (1202) 0 1,660,695 4 640,610
Flaxseed (1204) 0 40,693 227 269,888
Sugar (1212) 0 6,536,000 0 8,866,000
Cotton (5201) 0 4,124,136 0 2,330,087
Sunflower (1206) 6,668 1,614,491 6,668 1,492,000
Wool (4102) 0 13,572 0 64,319
Mohair (4102) 0 3,397 0 n/aG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 22 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS FISCAL YEAR 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Non-Fat Dry Milk -
HS 0402102,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,548 / MT n.a. 455,000 MT
Butter Oil - HS
0405104,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,327 / MT n.a. 535,000 MT
TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS FISCAL YEAR 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Non-Fat Dry Milk -
HS 04021085,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,548 / MT n.a. 455,000 MT
Butter Oil - HS
04051012,000 MT 0 n.a. $2,327 / MT n.a. 535,000 MTG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 23TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMEST IC ACTIVITIES FISCAL YEAR 1997
(Metric Tons)
Description of Product Including HS
NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State Trading Enterprise National
Consumption
Non-Fat Dry Milk (0402) 9,290 552,476 619 410,955
Honey (0409) 0 89,147 0 117,027
Butter (0405) 2 522,085 0 506,209
Cheese (0406) 780 3,324,833 134 3,406,933
Wheat (1001) 996,521 67,521,779 593,763 34,209,946
Barley (1003) 9,036 7,838,078 1,981 6,880,091
Oats (1004) 0 2,423,998 0 3,715,830
Corn (1005) 264,884 233,868,663 719,692 185,098,398
Rice (1006) 62,369 8,300,743 0 4,712,826
Sorghum (1007) 51,082 16,104,348 483 10,668,496
Soybeans (1201) 9,988 73,175,810 0 47,666,920
Peanuts (1202) 0 1,605,436 8 659,354
Flaxseed (1204) 0 61,471 0 283,325
Sugar (1212) 0 7,276,000 0 8,903,000
Cotton (5201) 2,830 4,091,695 871 2,373,631
Sunflower (1206) 5,987 1,667,838 5,987 1,611,000
Wool (4102) 0 12,832 0 65,317
Mohair (4102) 0 2,896 0 n/aG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 24 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 1995
Description of Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales
PriceMark-up** National Production
Element, Isotope & Compound with
Radioactivity only - HS 2844.40.0010Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Radioactive Element, Isotope &
Compound, nesoi - HS 2844.40.0020Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Heavy Water (deuerium oxide) - HS
2845.10.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Isotopes, except heading 2844;
compound inorganic/organic, nesoi - HS
2845.90.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 25TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1995
Description of Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage
Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export
PriceNational
Production
Element, Isotope & Compound with
Radioactivity only - HS 2844.40.0010Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound,
nesoi - HS 2844.40.0020Unknown 9,721,984 GBq 0 Unknown $0.09/GBq Unknown
Heavy Water (deuerium oxide) - HS
2845.10.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound
inorganic/organic, nesoi - HS 2845.90.0000Unknown 2.75 kg 0 Unknown $2,426,788/kg UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 26 TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1995
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Element, Isotope &
Compound with
Radioactivity only - HS
2844.40.0010$0 Unknown 93,162 Curies Unknown
Radioactive Element, Isotope
& Compound, nesoi - HS
2844.40.0020$0 Unknown 553,288 Curies Unknown
Heavy Water (deuerium
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000$0 Unknown 0 Unknown
Isotopes, except heading
2844; compound
inorganic/organic, nesoi - HS
2845.90.0000$0 Unknown 7.5 kg UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 27TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORM ATION, IMPORTS 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Element, Isotope &
Compound with
Radioactivity only -
HS 2844.40.0010Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Radioactive Element,
Isotope &
Compound, nesoi -
HS 2844.40.0020Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Heavy Water
(deuerium oxide) -
HS 2845.10.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Isotopes, except
heading 2844;
compound
inorganic/organic,
nesoi - HS
2845.90.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 28 TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Element, Isotope &
Compound with
Radioactivity only -
HS 2844.40.0010549,809 (curie) 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Radioactive Element,
Isotope &
Compound, nesoi -
HS 2844.40.002046,516,646
(millicuries)1,794,722 GBq 0 Unknown $1.23/GBq Unknown
Heavy Water
(deuerium oxide) -
HS 2845.10.000058,633 (kg) 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Isotopes, except
heading 2844;
compound
inorganic/organic,
nesoi - HS
2845.90.00002,578,096 (kg) 2 kg 0 Unknown $3,171,510/kg UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 29TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1996
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Element, Isotope &
Compound with
Radioactivity only - HS
2844.40.00100 Unknown 201,152 Curies Unknown
Radioactive Element, Isotope
& Compound, nesoi - HS
2844.40.00200 Unknown 828,307 Curies Unknown
Heavy Water (deuerium
oxide) - HS 2845.10.00000 Unknown 0 Unknown
Isotopes, except heading
2844; compound
inorganic/organic, nesoi - HS
2845.90.00000 Unknown 14.5 kg UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 30 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORM ATION, IMPORTS 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Element, Isotope &
Compound with
Radioactivity only -
HS 2844.40.0010Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Radioactive Element,
Isotope &
Compound, nesoi -
HS 2844.40.0020Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Heavy Water
(deuerium oxide) -
HS 2845.10.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Isotopes, except
heading 2844;
compound
inorganic/organic,
nesoi - HS
2845.90.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 31TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Element, Isotope &
Compound with
Radioactivity only -
HS 2844.40.0010Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Radioactive Element,
Isotope &
Compound, nesoi -
HS 2844.40.0020Unknown 135,715 GBq 0 Unknown $7.78/GBq Unknown
Heavy Water
(deuerium oxide) -
HS 2845.10.0000Unknown 0 n.a. Unknown n.a. Unknown
Isotopes, except
heading 2844;
compound
inorganic/organic,
nesoi - HS
2845.90.0000Unknown 17.3 kg 0 Unknown $158,583/kg UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 32 TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Isotopes Production and Distribution
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1997
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Element, Isotope &
Compound with
Radioactivity only - HS
2844.40.0010$0 Unknown 0 Unknown
Radioactive Element, Isotope
& Compound, nesoi - HS
2844.40.0020$0 Unknown 343, 547 Curies Unknown
Heavy Water (deuerium
oxide) - HS 2845.10.0000$0 Unknown 0 Unknown
Isotopes, except heading
2844; compound
inorganic/organic, nesoi - HS
2845.90.0000$0 Unknown 5.3 kg UnknownG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 33TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORM ATION, IMPORTS 1995
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Western Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 43 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 43 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 43 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 43 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 34 TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1995
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Western Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 4 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 4 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWH
Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 4 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWH
Electrical Energy -
HS 2716 4 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0689/KWH N/A  3,353 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 35TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1995
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Western Electrical Energy - HS 2716 7.7 billion KWH  3,353 billion KWH 34.0 billio n KWH 3,162.4 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy - HS 2716 7,000 million KWH  3,353 billion KWH 82,028 million KWH 3,162.4 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 0  3, 353 billion KWH 7716236000 KWH 3,162 .4 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 0  3,353 billion KWH 6,828,571,435 KWH 3,162.4 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 36 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Western Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KHW N/A 3,444 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KHW N/A 3,444 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KHW N/A 3,444 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KHW N/A 3,444 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 37TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Western Electrical Energy -
HS 27163 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KWH N/A 3,444 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy -
HS 27163 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KWH N/A 3,444 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy -
HS 27163 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KWH N/A 3,444 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy -
HS 27163 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0686/KWH N/A 3,444 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 38 TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1996
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Western Electrical Energy - HS 2716 6.1 billion KWH 3 ,444 billion KWH 42.9 billio n KWH 3,250.1 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy - HS 2716 3,100 million KWH 3 ,444 billion KWH 88,494 million KWH 3,250.1 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 1000 KWH 3,444  billion KWH 4,031,434,000  KWH 3,250.1 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 0 3,444 billion KWH 8,602,216,245 KWH 3,250.1 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 39TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Western Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 5.0 million KWH $.0156/KWH $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy -
HS 271643 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 40 TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Western Electrical Energy -
HS 27169 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy -
HS 27169 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy -
HS 27169 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy -
HS 27169 billion KWH 0 N/A $.0685/KWH N/A 3,492 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 41TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Power Marketing Administration
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1997
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Western Electrical Energy - HS 2716 5.3 billion KWH 3 ,492 billion KWH 45.8 billio n KWH 3,294.6 billion KWH
Bonneville Electrical Energy - HS 2716 2,000 million KWH 3 ,492 billion KWH 101,327 million KWH 3,294.6 billion KWH
Southwestern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 0 3,492 billion KWH 7,466,603,000 KWH 3,294.6 billion KWH
Southeastern Electrical Energy - HS 2716 0 3,492 billion KWH 8,146,136,356 KWH 3,294.6 billion KWHG/STR/N/4/USA
Page 42 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORM ATION, IMPORTS 1995
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Crude Oil - HS 2709 2,638,810
(1000 Barrels)0 n.a. 14.62 (Per Barrel) n.a. 2,394,268
(1000 Barrels)
TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1995
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Crude Oil - HS 2709 34,509 (1000
Barrels)0 n.a. 14.62 (Per Barrel) n.a. 2,394,268
(1000 Barrels)G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 43TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1995
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Crude Oil - HS 2709 0 2,394,268 (1000 Barrels) 0 17,725 (1000 Barrels/Day
Average)G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 44 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Crude Oil - HS 2709 2,747,839
(1000 Barrels)0 n.a. $18.46 (Per Barrel) n.a. 2,366,017
(1000 Barrels)
TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1996
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Crude Oil - HS 2709 40,211 (1000
Barrels)0 n.a. $18.46 (Per Barrel) n.a. 2,366,017
(1000 Barrels)G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 45TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1996
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Crude Oil - HS 2709 0 2,366,017 (1000 Barrels) 28,064 (1000 Barrels) 18,309 (1000 Barrels/Day
Average)G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 46 TABLE I
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORM ATION, IMPORTS 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Imported*Quantity Imported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Import Price Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceMark-up** National Production
Crude Oil - HS 2709 3,002,299
(1000 Barrels)0 n.a. $17.23 (Per Barrel) n.a. 2,354,831
(1000 Barrels)
TABLE II
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 1997
Description of
Product Including HS
NumberTotal Quantity
Exported*Quantity Exported by
State Trading
EnterpriseAverage Procurement
Price**Average
Representative
Domestic Sales PriceAverage Export Price National Production
Crude Oil - HS 2709 39,308
(1000 Barrels)0 n.a. $17.23 (Per Barrel) n.a. 2,354,831
(1000 Barrels)G/STR/N/4/USA
Page 47TABLE III
STATE TRADING:  Strategic Petroleum Reserve
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 1997
Description of Product
Including HS NumberDomestic Purchases By State
Trading EnterprisesNational Production Domestic Sales By State
Trading EnterpriseNational Consumption
Crude Oil - HS 2709 0 2,354,831 (1000 Barrels) 0 18,620 (1000 Barrels/Day
Average)
__________