WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONG/AG/NG/W/181
18 April 2001
(01-1948)
Committee on Agriculture Original:  Spanish
  Special Session
SEVENTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
26-28 MARCH 2001
Statement by Argentina
Stocktaking on the first phase and remark s on the preparation of the second phase
With the conclusion of phase 1, we would like to make a few general comments as well as
some more specific remarks on the course of the negotiations.
The results of the Uruguay Round were imbalanced in terms of benefits.  This can be
explained in part by the limited participation of the developing world in services trade (on which we
produced an assessment), and in part, indeed mainly, by the little progress made in opening up
agricultural markets and making them genuinely competitive.
This is neither a complaint nor a look backwards, but simply a fact which points to a clear
conclusion:  if the agricultural liberalization process does not make any progress in extending the
commitments and disciplines to be respected by the countries that continue to pursue subsidization
policies, then there is no way that balanced benefits can be achieved.  Even a new round might be
meaningless.
The liberalization of agriculture is not just another component of the WTO.  It is an essential
component, without which the entire international regulatory structure would lose its meaning.
We have agreed, informally, on a work programme.  The following points should be borne in
mind in this connection:
- Any change would mean reopening the discussions, and any lack of flexibility on the
part of some Members would inevitably lead others to be less flexible.
- It must be clearly understood that today we are committed to negotiating, and that is
why we are all here.  And yet some of the proposals submitted call for increased
tariffs, reduced quotas and the maintenance of subsidies.  What we need in Qatar is acommitment to liberalizing agricultural trade, a much more specific and concrete
commitment than the one set forth in Article 20 which, as we already have seen, is
subject to free interpretation.
- This programme is provisional in that it will have to incorporate the spill-over from
the preparation of the fourth ministerial, and subsequently the actual results of theministerial.
- Consideration of non-trade concerns should focus on issues which first and foremost
contribute to human welfare, and the best way of doing so is to concentrate on
problems with a global impact and the problems of the developing countries.  EveryG/AG/NG/W/181
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country has the right to define its own priorities, but if it wishes to remain within a
global and balanced system, it cannot make the other Members pay for these
priorities.
Regarding the course of the negotiations in particular, we think it is worth pointing out the
following:
- This first phase of the agricultural negotiations was devoted to the submission of
proposals, and now we have mapped out what each Member country hopes to achieve
in these negotiations.
We have two tasks before us:
(a) The technical task of "translating" these proposals into a menu of options that will
enable us to agree on new rules and commitments at the conclusion of the
negotiations;
(b) the political task of developing areas of consensus and narrowing the obvious
differences brought to light by our proposals.
It is difficult even to estimate how long these negotiations will last.  What is important is that
they should progress, i.e. that they should move towards the "fundamental reform" that would make it
possible to "establish a fair and market-orientated agricultural trading system".  It is essential that
negotiations should take place in a climate of confidence.  This means that there must be
transparency.
The proposals submitted thus far should represent our maximum ambitions, and on the basis
of those proposals we must see what new commitments are necessary to achieve the "fundamental
reform" of agricultural trade.
We must not have any illusions in this respect:  no one is naïve enough to begin making
concessions in relation to their original positions if they suspect that their partners might yet raise the
stakes.
From now on, any new proposals that are submitted must serve to spell out and clarify the
aspirations that are already on the table.
We are fairly satisfied that we have agreed, at least, on an agenda for our first two meetings.
We hope to be able to approve, in the May meeting, the sequence for addressing the issues that do not
yet appear on our provisional list.
Our preference would be to begin with "commitments in the area of export competition",
since many countries seem to agree on the need to eliminate all forms of export subsidies.
This issue has received the most support and is particularly important for the developing
countries.  At the same time, while there are Members that subject the possible elimination of export
subsidies to certain conditions, none have come out against the negotiation of further reductions.
Without prejudice to this preference, we are flexible as regards the sequence in which these
issues are addressed.  But whatever the order may be, we think it is important to follow a logical
sequence, beginning with rules and then moving on to the exceptions (derogations).G/AG/NG/W/181
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We must begin by analysing the subjects which can contribute to the reform process and then
study possible derogations.  We know that at the end of the day, the results will include both rules and
a few derogations, but it would make no sense to work in the reverse sequence.
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