RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
29 July 2002 
 (02-4196) 
Working Party on the Accession of the 
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia  
 
 
 
ACCESSION OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
Schedule of Specific Commitments in Services  
List of Article II MFN Exemptions  
 
 As indicated in paragraph 247 of the draft Report on the Working Party on the Accession of 
the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (W T/ACC/SPEC/807/4/Rev.1), the Schedule of 
Specific Commitments on Services resulting from the negotiations between the Former Yugoslav 
Republic of Macedonia and WTO Members is annexed to the draft Protocol of Accession of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoni a and is reproduced hereunder.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 2 
  
Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
All sectors 
CPC codes inscribed in this schedule are those 
contained in document: 
Statistical Papers Series M No. 77,  
Provisional Central Product Classification, Department of International Economic and Social 
Affairs, Statistical Office of the United Nations, 
New York, 1991.    
 Commercial Presence  
In order to supply services, foreign service 
provider is required to be registered in 
FYROM, a trading company1, or as a 
branch. A representative office registered in 
FYROM cannot conduct business 
operations.    
                                                      
1  Pursuant to Article 16 from the Law on Trading Companies: 
A trading company is an association of two or more natural or le gal persons that make monetary or non-monetary contributions or  contribute rights in property which are 
used for joint operations and who share the profit or losses from such operations.     
A trading company shall be an independent and permanent legal pe rson which undertakes activities for the purpose of realizing p rofit.    
A trading company may be incorporated by one person (company incorporated by a single person) as provided by this Law.   The Law on Trading Companies, Article 18, offers the following forms of trading companies: 1) General Partnership; 2) Limited P artnership; 3) Limited Liability 
Company; 4) Joint-Stock Company; or 5) Limited Stock Partnership.   
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 3
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural 
Persons  
 Unbound, except:   
For the entry and temporary stay of natural 
persons who  fall into one of the following categories: 
  
 
 Unbound except for th e categories in the 
Market Access column.  
 (i) Intracorporate transferees  
  Natural persons being temporarily 
transferred to supply services through 
commercial presence in the territory of FYROM.  Intracorporate transferees are 
persons occupying senior managerial or 
executive positions.  This category also includes specialists - natural persons 
possessing high or uncommon qualifications 
or knowledge essential for the functioning of 
the company, which are important to the 
services that the company supplies, and who posses knowledge of the organization's 
services, research equipment, techniques or 
management.  
 For temporary stay of 
intracorporate transf erees a temporary 
residence clearance is va lid up to three years 
and is renewable upon request up to two 
years.    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 4 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (ii) Business visitors  
 
 Natural persons who stay temporarily in FYROM in order to conclude 
the contract for the sale of a service on behalf 
of the enterprise they are employed or mandated for or participate in business 
meetings, fairs and other similar activities. 
Business visitors are persons not based in 
FYROM and receiving no remuneration from 
a source located in FYROM, who are engaged in activities related to representing a services 
supplier for the purpose of negotiating for the 
sale of the services of that supplier.  Those representatives cannot be engaged in making 
direct sales to the general public or in 
supplying services themselves.  
 The duration of temporary stay for 
business visitors is limited to 90 days with the possibility of renewal upon request.     
  Real Estate and Land Rights  
(1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound (3) None for ownership of buildings of 
foreign providers registered in FYROM 
as sole proprietor or trade company.  
(4) Unbound  
  Subsidies  
(1) (2) (3) (4) Elig ibility for subsidies 
reserved for national services and service suppliers.    
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 5
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
II. COMMITMENTS IN SPECIFIC SECTORS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES  
A. Professional Services  
(a)  Legal services 
 - Consultancy on home country, foreign and 
international law  
 (part of CPC 861) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Accounting and bookkeeping services   
 (CPC 86212, 86213, 86219 and 8622) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Auditing services 
 (CPC 86211)   
 (1) (2) Concluding a contract with a 
domestic audit company is required. 
Foreign company must be registered in its own country for providing auditing 
services.   
 
 
 (3) A foreign auditing company can 
establish only one auditing company in 
FYROM.     
 If the foreign company is not registered 
in its own country for providing 
auditing services, its participation in the total capital of the new established 
auditing company in FYROM cannot 
exceed 25%.   
 Auditing report must be officially 
produced by an auditing company, not 
by an employee or a contracted auditor as a natural person.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  (1) (2) A foreign audit company not 
registered in FYROM, but 
registered to conduct audit in the country where its main office is 
located, may perform audit in 
FYROM only on a contract basis in 
cooperation with a domestic audit 
company. 
(3) An auditing company must employ 
at least two auditors licensed in 
FYROM.  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 6 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Taxation services 
 (CPC 863) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Architectural services  
 (CPC 8671) (e) Engineering services  
 (CPC 8672) 
(f) Integrated engineering services  (CPC 8673) (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Urban planning and landscape  architectural 
services  
 (CPC 8674) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound   (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Medical and dental services  
 (CPC 9312)  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing.  FYROM will 
consider taking commitments 
after 1 January 2004. 
(i) Veterinary services   (CPC 932) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4)  Unbound (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  
(j) Services provided by midwives, nurses, 
 physiotherapists and para-medical personnel  
 (CPC 93191)        (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing.  FYROM will 
consider taking commitments after 1 January 2004. 
B. Computer and Related Services   
(a) Consultancy services related to the  
installation of computer hardware  
 (CPC 841)   (b) Software implementation services  
 (CPC 842)          
(c) Data processing services   (CPC 843)          
(d) Data base services  
 (CPC 844) 
(e) Other 
 (CPC 845+849) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  None  (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 7
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Research and Development Services  
 (except research in the field of historical and cultural id entity of Macedonian peoples and nationalities who live in FYROM) 
(b) R&D services on social sciences and  
humanities  
 (CPC 852)    (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section.   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Real Estate and Land Services  
(b) On a fee or contract basis 
 (CPC 822)  (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without  Operators and With Operators  
(a) Relating to ships  
 (CPC 83103)          
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Relating to aircraft 
 (CPC 83104)    
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Relating to other transport equipment 
 (CPC 83101+ 83102+ 83105)    
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Relating to other machinery and 
 equipment 
 (CPC 83106-83109)   
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 8 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(e)  Rental services relating to pre-recorded  video 
cassettes and optical discs for use  
 in home entertainment equipment    (CPC 83202) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Other Business Services  
(a) Advertising services  
 (CPC 871) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Market research and public opinion polling 
services 
 (CPC 864)   
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Management consulting services  
 (CPC 865) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Services related to management consulting; 
 (CPC 866)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Technical testing and analysis  services  
 (CPC 8676) (1) Institutions should be registered in the 
international accreditation system. 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Advisory and Consulting Services Relating to 
Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry  
 (part of CPC 881) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 9
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(g) Services incidental to fishing  
 (CPC 882) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Advisory and consulting services relating to 
mining  
 (part of CPC 883) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Placement and supply services of Personnel 
 (CPC 872) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Investigation and security 
 (CPC 873) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  
(m) Scientific and technical consulting services  
 (CPC 8675)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) Maintenance and repair of equipment (not 
including maritime vessels, aircraft or other 
transport equipment) 
 (CPC 633, 8861-8866) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(o) Building-cleaning services 
 (CPC 874)           (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(p) Photographic services 
 (CPC 875)           (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 10 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(q) Packaging services 
 (CPC 876) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(r) Printing, publishing  
 (CPC 88442)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None. For publishing: None, except for 
access to subsidies: Unbound   
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
A. Postal Services 
 (CPC 7511) 
 (1) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
(2) None 
(3) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Courier Services  
 (CPC 7512) 
 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None  
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Telecommunication Services:  
 
The commitments in this sector has been scheduled in accordance with the "N otes for Scheduling Basic 
Telecom Services Commitments 
(S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1)" and "Market Access Limitations on Spectrum Availability 
(S/GBT/W/3)"   See the Reference Paper 
attached  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 11
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (1) (3) (4) Macedonian Telecommunications 
has an exclusive right until 31 December 
2004  to build, posses and work with fixed public telecommunication networks.    If FYROM should issue 
additional licenses for fixed 
public telecommunications networks before 1 January 
2005, foreign firms will be 
permitted to compete for the licenses on an equal and 
transparent basis with 
domestic firms, the 
exclusivity period will be 
terminated, and the commitments scheduled from 
1 January 2005 will be 
immediately effective. 
Basic Telecommunication Services    
(a) Voice telephone services   (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January 2005  
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January 2005 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Packet-switched data transmission services 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Circuit-switched data transmission services 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 12 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(d) Telex services  
 (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004. None, as of 1 January 2005 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004. None, as of 
1 January 2005 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
  
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Telegraph services  (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January 2005 
(2) None (3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January  2005 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
  
 
(2) None (3) None 
 
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Facsimile services (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Private leased circuit services: 
  (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2004.  None, as of 1 January 2005 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2004.  None, as of 
1 January  2005 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
  
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 13
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(o) Other services: 
 -  Mobile telecommunications (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound until 31  December  2004. 
Beginning 1 January 2005,  None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section If FYROM should issue 
additional licenses for mobile 
telephone services before 1 January 2005, foreign firms 
will be permitted to compete 
for the licenses on an equal and transparent basis with 
domestic firms. 
Value-added Telecommunication Services    
(h) Electronic mail  
  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Voice mail  
  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) On-line information and data base retrieval  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile services, 
incl. store and forward, store and retrieve  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(m) Code and protocol conversion 
  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 14 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(n) On-line information and/or data processing 
(incl. transaction processing)  
   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES  
A. General construction work for buildings 
 (CPC 512)   
B. General construction 
work for civil engineering 
 (CPC 513) C. Installation and assembly work 
 (CPC 514+516)  
D. Building completion and finishing work.  (CPC 517) 
E. Other 
 (CPC 511+515+518) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
 Subsectors below exclude trade in arms, chemi cal products, explosives and precious metals 
A. Commission Agents’ Services  
 (CPC 6111, 6113, 6121, 621) B. Wholesale Trade 
 (CPC 61111, 6113, 6121, 622)  
C. Retailing Services   (CPC 6111, 6113, 6121, 631, 632,  
 including audio and video records, tapes and 
optical discs (CPC 63234)) 
D. Franchising  
 (CPC 8929) (1) None  
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
All education services included in this section:  
Subsectors listed below only cover privately 
funded education services. 
Educational services in investigation, security and defense areas and in history and culture of people 
and nationalities in FYROM are excluded.  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound for grants and 
scholarships   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 15
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Secondary Education Services   
 (CPC 922)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Higher Education Services  
 (CPC 923)   (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Adult Education  
 (CPC 924)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
A. Sewage Services  
 (CPC 9401) 
B. Refuse Disposal Services   (CPC 9402) 
C. Sanitation and Similar Services  
 (CPC 9403) D. Other 
 - Cleaning services of exhaust gases  
 (CPC 94040)  - Noise abatement services   
 (CPC 94050) 
 - Nature and landscape protection services 
 (CPC 94060) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 16 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES    
All sectors:  A single legal person (insurance company or a bank) cannot provid e both insurance and banking serv ices.  This limitation is val id until 31 December 2014.  FYROM will conduct a 
review of the situation and will report whet her this limitation can be abolished earlier or not.  Such a review will take place  by 31 December 2008.  Domestic and foreign bank or insurance 
company operating in FYROM may set up or acquire another legal person providing the ot her line of business subject to the follo wing commitments.  
A. Insurance and Insurance Related Services as 
defined in the "Annex on Financial services" 
  (1) None for reinsurance and retrocession, 
maritime and aviation insurance, 
insurance sold for transportation vehicles licensed for commercial 
purposes, services auxiliary to 
insurance, and brokerage for such 
services. Unbound for other insurance 
services. 
(2) None for reinsurance and retrocession, 
maritime and aviation insurance, 
insurance sold for transportation vehicles licensed for commercial 
purposes, services auxiliary to 
insurance, and brokerage for such services. Unbound for other insurance 
services. 
(3) Establishment of an insurance joint-
stock company in FYROM is required.  
Branching will be allowed from 
1 January 2008, or until such earlier date that FYROM allows it.  No other 
forms of establishment are allowed 
until FYROM allows them. 
 A foreign or domestic legal or natural 
person, other than an insurance 
company or a bank, may not hold more 
than 25% of stocks management rights 
in an insurance company.  This requirement is valid until  
1 January 2008 or until such earlier 
date that FYROM allows higher levels of stocks management rights
.  
Thereafter, none. 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
  
 
 
 
 (2) None 
 
  
 
  
 
(3) None  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 17
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Banking and Other Financial Services  
(excluding insurance) (Definitions based  
on the Annex on Financial services) (3) Only a legal person established in 
FYROM may provide banking and other 
financial services.  A foreign bank can provide banking services by establishing a 
bank or subsidiary in FYROM.  
 Starting no later than 1 January 2008, or such earlier date that FYROM 
allows it, banking services may be provided 
through branches of foreign banks. 
 A bank must be established as 
joint-stock company.   An individual natural or legal 
person other than a bank may not hold more 
than one third of the stocks with management rights of the bank established 
in FYROM.  This requirement is in force 
until 1 January 2003.  Brokerage houses, closed 
investment funds, fund management 
companies and the Central Depository of Securities are to be established as joint-stock 
companies. 
 Brokerage houses must be established by at least two domestic or 
foreign legal or natural persons.  This 
limitation does not apply if the brokerage houses are established by a bank, saving 
house or an insurance company. 
 Only brokerage houses, banks, 
insurance companies and fund management 
companies can be found ers of the Central 
Depository of Securities.  A single founder 
cannot hold more than 15% of shares. 
 Foreign legal and natural persons are not allowed to establish saving houses 
and exchange offices.    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 18 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other  
repayable funds from the public  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present.   None after Phase 
II of the implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and 
Association of FYROM with the EU. 
(3) May be provided by banks and saving 
houses only.  Saving houses are 
authorized to provide deposit services 
for natural persons only.   
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
  
 
(3) None  
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Lending of all types, consumer credit, 
mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial transaction  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) For banks: None 
 For saving houses:  Granting credits to 
legal persons exceed ing 150% of the 
guaranteed capital of the saving houses 
must be provided only through a bank.   
 For other legal persons: They can grant 
loans to other legal persons only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
  
 
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Financial leasing  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) All payment and money transmission services  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None for current transactions and direct 
investments2. 
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks only.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                      
2  Direct investments shall denote investments by an investor intending to establish lasting economic relations and/or to exerci se right to run the trading company 
or any other legal person in which he had invested.  The following shall be deemed as direct investments:  
 (i) incorporating a trading comp any or extending the basic capital of a trading company in full ownership of the investor, est ablishing subsidiary, or 
acquiring full ownership of the existing company;     
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 19
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(e) Guarantees and commitments  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Trading for own acc ount or for account of 
customers, whether on an exchange, in an over-the-counter market or otherwise, the 
following:    
- money market instruments (cheques, 
bills, certificate of  deposits, etc.)  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present.  None for banks. 
None after Phase I of the 
implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of FYROM with the EU.  None for 
trading with cheques and bills of 
exchange. 
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and saving houses only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None  
 
  
 
 (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- foreign exchange3  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound. None up to the level 
determined by the Government   
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and exchange offices only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
 (ii) participation in a new or already existing trading company if the investor holds or acquires more than 10% share in the b asic capital of the trading 
company, exceeding 10% of  the voting rights;    
 (iii) long-term loan with five or more ye ars of maturity, when it is a matter of a loan from the investor intended for the tra ding company which is in his full 
ownership; and 
 (iv) long-term loan with five or more years of maturity, when  it is a matter of a loan intended for establishing lasting econo mic relations if granted among 
persons associated in mutual economic venture. 
3 Covers foreign exchange services supplied by exchange offices to  natural persons.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 20 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
- derivative products (including 
futures and options)  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. None for banks.  
None after Phase I of the implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
  
 
 (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, such as swaps and 
forward rate agreements  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. None for banks. 
None after Phase II of the 
implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- transferable securities  
  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present.   None for direct 
investments.  None for banks, for 
securities issued by OECD member 
countries and international institutions, and for securities with investment 
rating.  None after Phase I of the 
implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
(3) Only brokerage houses and banks are 
permitted to offer these types of 
services.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None  
 
  
 
  
 
(3) None 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 21
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
- other negotiable instruments and 
financial assets, such as bullion  
  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. None for banks. 
None after Phase I of the implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
  
 
 (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Participation in issues of all kinds of securities, 
under-writing and placement  as agent (whether 
publicly or privately) and provision of service 
related to such issues  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None, except for placement with 
residents of FYROM. 
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and brokerage houses only.   
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Money broking 4  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound.  None for banks. 
(3) None for banks.  None for legal 
persons for payments in and from a foreign country. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Asset management, such as cash or portfolio 
management, all forms of collective investment 
management, custodial depositary and trust 
services  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present.  None for banks 
after 1 January 2008.  None for 
portfolio management after  1 January 2008. 
(3) None for banks.  None for brokerage 
houses for portfolio management  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
(3) None 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                      
4 Covers selling and buying of foreign currency betw een legal persons on the foreign exchange market.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 22 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(j) Settlement and cleari ng services for financial 
assets: securities, deriva tive products, and other 
negotiable instruments  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present.  None for banks. 
None after Phase I of the implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of 
FYROM with the EU. 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
  
 
 (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary 
financial services: credit reference and 
analysis, investment and portfolio research and 
advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Only trading companies, banks, saving 
houses and brokerage houses may provide these types of services.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Provision and transfer of financial information, 
and financial data pr ocessing and related 
software  by providers of other financial 
services  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES (other than those listed under 1.A.h-j.)     
A. Hospital services  
 (CPC 9311) 
B. Other Human Health Services  
 (CPC 9319 (other than 93191)) (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing.  FYROM will 
consider taking commitments 
after 1 January 2004. 
9. TOURISM AND TRAV EL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotels and Restaurants (incl. catering)  
 (CPC 641-643) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators' Services  
 (CPC 7471) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 23
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Tourist Guides Services   
 (CPC 7472) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SE RVICES (Other than a udiovisual services) 
A.    Other entertainment and cultural services 
 - Cinema Theatre Operation Services 
 (part of CPC 96199) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except for access to subsidies: 
Unbound 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None 
 
(4) None  
B. News agency services 
 (CPC 962) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Sporting and other recreational services 
(CPC 964) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
C. Air Transport Services  
(d) Aircraft repair and maintenance services  
  
(1) Unbound  (2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Supporting services for air transport 
 - Selling and marketing of air transport services 
only 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 Computer Reservation System (CRS) services 
  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 24 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
E. Rail Transport Services  
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail transport  
equipment  
 (CPC 8868)  
(1)  Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Road Transport Services  
(a) Passenger transportation  
 (CPC 71213, 7122) 
(b)  Freight transportation  (CPC 7123) 
(c) Rental of commercial vehicles with  
operator (CPC 7124) 
(d) Maintenance and repair of road transport  
equipment 
 (CPC 6112)  
(1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
G. Pipeline Transport 
(a) Transportation of fuels  
 (CPC 7131)        
(b)  Transportation of other goods  
(CPC 7139)  
(1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  
Horizontal Section  
(1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in  
the Horizontal Section  
H. Services Auxiliary to all Modes of Transport   
Air Transport   
(b) Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) (c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748)  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Road Transport  
(b)  Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748)  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 25
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Rail Transport Services 
(b)  Storage and warehouse services  
  (CPC 742) (c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748) 
  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 26  
 
  REFERENCE PAPER
 
 Scope
 
 The following are definitions an d principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services.   
 Definitions
 
 Users
 mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 
Essential facilities  mean facilities of a public telecommunica tions transport network or service that 
  (a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;  
and 
 
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technica lly substituted in order to provide a service. 
 A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having 
regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of: 
 
 (a) control over essential facilities;  or 
  (b) use of its position in the market.  1. Competitive safeguards
 
 
1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications  
  Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or 
together, are a major supplier  from engaging in or continui ng anti-competitive practices. 
 
1.2 Safeguards
 
  The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:   (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;   
 
 (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and   (c) not making available to ot her services suppliers on a timely basis technical information 
about essential facilities an d commercially relevant inform ation which are necessary for 
them to provide services.  
 
2. Interconnection
 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public teleco mmunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the user s of one supplier to co mmunicate with users of 
another supplier and  to access services pr ovided by another supplier, where specific 
commitments are undertaken. 
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
 Page 27 
 
 
  2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
  Interconnection with a major suppl ier will be ensured at any tec hnically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interc onnection is provided. 
 
 (a) under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including tec hnical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated se rvice suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, co nditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and suffi ciently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for 
network components or facilities  that it does not require for the service to be provided;  
and 
 
 (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
 2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnec tion to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
 2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly availa ble either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
 2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
 
 
 A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
  (a) at any time or   (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, whic h may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 
5 below, to resolve disputes regarding a ppropriate terms, cond itions and rates for 
interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not 
been established previously. 
 3. Universal service
 
 
 Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and comp etitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.      
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 28  
 
  4. Public availability of licensing criteria
 
  Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally require d to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence  and 
  (b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.   The reasons for the denial of a licence w ill be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 
5. Independent regulators
 
  The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of a nd the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants. 
  6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
  Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current stat e of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but 
detailed identification of freque ncies allocated for specific gov ernment uses is not required. 
  
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 29
 List of Article II (MFN) Exemptions of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia  
Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Real estate and Land   All Sectors  Foreign natural persons may by 
inheritance obtain a right to ownership of real 
estate and land on the territory of FYROM, under condition of reciprocity. 
 Foreign legal persons may, under 
condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to 
ownership of real estate and land on the 
territory of FYROM through inheritance, on the basis of a testament. 
 A foreign natural person may, under 
condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to ownership of a flat or a building in FYROM. 
 A foreign natural person may, under 
condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to ownership and right to a long-term lease of 
business premises on the territory of FYROM. 
 A foreign natural or legal person may, under conditions of reciprocity, obtain a right 
to a long-term lease of building land for 
construction of business buildings and premises and apartment buildings and 
apartments on the te rritory of FYROM. 
 Building land can be owned by domestic natural and legal persons only.  Foreign  
natural and legal persons are only permitted to 
acquire long-term leases of no more than 99 years. 
 A foreign natural or legal person may, 
under  conditions of reciprocity, obtain a right 
to long-term lease of agricultural land on the 
territory of FYROM. All countries Indefinite Requirements of bilateral and 
regional commitments. 
Legal Services  
(excluding consultancy on home 
country, foreign and 
international law) Legal services of foreign suppliers may be 
provided on the basis of reciprocity.   
 All countries Indefinite Reciprocal coordination of the 
legal profession within the overall regional development 
of judicial and administrative 
institutions.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7 
Page 30 
 Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Audiovisual Services -Production and 
distribution of cinematographic 
works and television 
programmes Measures based upon government-to-
government framework agreements, and 
plurilateral agreements, on co-production of audiovisual works, which confer national 
treatment to audiovisual works covered by 
these agreements, in particular in relation to distribution and access to funding. All countries with whom 
cultural co-operation may 
be desirable. Indefinite The aim of these agreements is 
to promote cultural links 
between the countries concerned. 
Audiovisual services  
- Production and 
distribution of audiovisual works 
through broadcasting 
or other forms of transmission to the 
public Measures which define works of European 
origin in such a way as to extend national 
treatment to audiovisual works which meet certain linguistic and origin criteria regarding 
access to broadcasting or similar forms of 
transmission. European countries Indefinite The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural 
values both within EC Member States, and with other 
countries in Europe, as well as 
achieving linguistic policy objectives. 
Audiovisual Services - Production and distribution of 
television 
programmes and cinematographic 
works Measures granting the benefit of any support 
programmes (such as Action Plan for Advanced Television Services, EURECA 
Audiovisuel, MEDIA or EURIMAGES) to 
audiovisual works, and suppliers of such works, meeting certain European origin 
criteria. European countries Indefinite.  Exemption needed, 
for certain countries, only until an economic integration 
agreement is concluded or 
completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the regional identity of countries 
within Europe which have 
long standing cultural links. 
Educational Services Preferences may be extended in 
implementation of student exchange programs, for visits by educators, and for educational 
institutions in order to promote cooperation in 
cultural exchange.  All countries Indefinite The requirement for particular 
international participation in the development of general and 
specialized educational 
programs, including special regional or international 
programs. 
CRS and sales and 
marketing of air transport services The obligations of CRS system vendors or of 
parent and participating air carriers shall not apply where equivalent treatment is not 
accorded in the country of origin of the parent 
carrier or of the system vendor. All countries where a CRS 
system vendor or a parent air carrier is located. Indefinite The need for the exemption 
results from the insufficient development of multilaterally 
agreed rules for the operation of 
CRS.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/7
 Page 31
 Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Road Transport Services  Measures applied under existing or future 
agreements with the governments of other 
countries offer favourable treatment.  All countries with which 
FYROM has agreements 
on road transport in force.  Indefinite The need for exemption is 
linked to the region 
characteristics of the road transport services and to the 
necessity to regulate traffic 
rights in and across the territory of FYROM and 
between FYROM and the 
countries concerned. 
 
 
__________