APPENDIX TABLESThe European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 157
Table AI.1
Leading merchandise exports by SITC Rev.3 category, 1995-98 (extra-EU trade)
(ECU million and per cent)
Value Share of total
(ECU million) (per cent)
SITC Description 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998
Total exports  573,277  627,011  721,128  731,380 100.0
78 Road vehicles    52,060    56,896    65,685    68,102 9.3
77 Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances,
n.e.s   38,334    43,434    51,045    52,968 7.2
74 General industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s.    36,450    41,160    45,848    47,106 6.4
72 Machinery specialised for particular industries    38,257    41,766    46,365    44,247 6.0
79 Other transport equipment    28,855    29,869    36,580    39,304 5.4
71 Power-generating machinery and equipment    18,550    21,222    26,396    30,046 4.1
89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.    24,616    26,902    29,608    29,744 4.1
76 Telecommunication and sound recording and
reproducing apparatus   17,385    20,445    26,690    27,693 3.8
54 Medical and pharmaceutical products    16,968    18,015    23,058    26,592 3.6
66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.    19,551    21,284    24,042    22,556 3.1
75 Office machines and automatic data processing
machines   15,335    16,416    19,576    21,411 2.9
51 Organic chemicals    16,240    17,704    20,426    20,429 2.8
65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s.    16,804    17,956    20,082    20,255 2.8
69 Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.    14,896    16,251    18,167    19,080 2.6
87 Professional, scientific and controlling instruments    13,323    14,798    17,669    18,484 2.5
67 Iron and steel    16,614    17,519    18,902    17,697 2.4
84 Clothing and accessories    11,421    12,923    13,886    14,102 1.9
64 Paper, paperboard and articles of paper    12,158    12,298    13,601    13,444 1.8
33 Petroleum, petroleum products and related
materials   11,659    13,370    15,105    12,142 1.7
59 Chemical materials and products, n.e.s.      9,702    10,720    12,042    11,921 1.6
0+1 Food, beverages and tobacco    38,999    40,962    45,875    43,484 5.9
2+4 Crude materials, animal and vegetable oils and fats    13,660    13,367    15,539    14,340 2.0
3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials    13,144    15,401    16,940    13,887 1.9
5 Chemicals    73,460    78,926    92,758    94,871 13.0
7 Machinery and transport equipment  255,918  282,868  330,241  342,895 46.9
6+8 Paper, textile, iron and steel, clothing accessories,
etc 167,585  182,097  203,305  201,769 27.6
Source: European Commission, Intra- and extra-EU trade [CD-Rom], Supplement 2, 1999.WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 158
Table AI.2
Leading merchandise imports by SITC Rev.3 category, 1995-98 (extra-EU trade)
(ECU million and per cent)
Value Share of total
(ECU million) (per cent)
SITC Description 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998
Total imports  545,253  581,065  672,568  712,364 100.0
77 Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.    41,115    43,011    50,199    54,415 7.6
75 Office machines and automatic data processing
machines   34,521    37,202    46,025    53,989 7.6
33 Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials    52,058    62,250    65,746    47,212 6.6
84 Clothing and accessories    31,089    33,469    38,779    40,925 5.7
78 Road vehicles    22,230    24,091    30,151    36,826 5.2
79 Other transport equipment    15,612    17,852    25,449    30,597 4.3
89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.    22,670    24,031    27,983    29,597 4.2
76 Telecommunication and sound recording and
reproducing apparatus   17,798    19,759    22,967    26,355 3.7
71 Power generating machinery and equipment    13,398    15,485    19,563    23,350 3.3
74 General industrial machinery and equipment    14,693    16,476    18,252    20,790 2.9
68 Non-ferrous metals    16,286    13,492    17,008    17,801 2.5
65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, n.e.s.    13,003    13,221    15,511    16,369 2.3
66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.    13,492    14,678    16,770    16,361 2.3
87 Professional, scientific and controlling instruments    11,477    12,560    14,573    16,010 2.2
51 Organic chemicals    11,991    11,989    15,194    15,551   2.2
69 Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.    10,146    10,618    12,347    13,822 1.9
72 Special industry machinery    10,088    10,414    11,952    13,252 1.9
05 Vegetables and fruit    12,134    12,968    12,340    12,617 1.8
54 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products      8,309      9,627    10,809    12,613 1.8
67 Iron and steel    10,001      8,333      9,297    12,301 1.7
0+1 Food, beverages and tobacco    43,228    44,743    48,208    49,626 7.0
2+4 Crude materials, animal and vegetable oils and fats    40,222    37,213    42,460    42,263 5.9
3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials    64,755    75,826    85,160    64,859 9.1
5 Chemicals    43,063    44,233    51,487    55,184 7.7
7 Machinery and transport equipment  173,364  188,730  229,478  265,503 37.3
6+8 Paper, textile, iron and steel, clothing accessories, etc  164,851  169,285  196,463  210,524 29.6
Source: European Commission, Intra- and extra-EU trade  [CD-ROM], Supplement 2, 1999.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 159
Table AI.3
EU services trade by sector, 1996 and 1997
(ECU million and per cent)
Credits (exports) Debits (imports)
Value Annual growth Value Annual growth
1996 1997 1996-97 1996 1997 1996-97
Total 438,079 488,224 11.4 429,670 471,035 9.6
Sea transport 44,076 47,522 7.8 50,127 57,650 15.0
Air transport 39,987 45,898 14,8 35,987 41,192 14.5
Other transport 21,781 25,164 15.5 22,836 24,262 6.2
Travel 134,708 147,936 9.8 130,445 140,120 7.4
Communications services 6,600 7,888 19.5 7,122 9,081 27.5
Construction services 19,236 19,571 1.7 13,746 14,610 6.3
Insurance services 10,134 12,241 20.8 8,410 9,270 10.2
Financial services 18,560 23,782 28.1 12,028 12,904 7.3
Computer and information
services8,055 9,076 12.7 8,577 8,304 -3.2
Royalties and licence fees 12,586 16,196 28.7 20,401 24,333 19.3
Trade services 16,541 15,603 -5.7 21,146 23,967 13.3
Advertising 6,798 7,842 15.4 9,256 10,145 9.6
Other business services 102,016 113,941 11.7 91,420 105,356 15.2
Other services 112,945 114,148 1.1 107,179 112,945 5.4
Source: Eurostat.WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 160
Table AI.4
Balance of payments of the euro area, 1997-99a
1997 1998 1999 1998 1999
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Current account balance 94.7 60.3 43.2 14.2 11.9 14.8 7.9 8.6
  Credits 1,212.2 1,264.0 1,288.2 316.6 299.7 324.0 322.0 342.5
  Debits 1,117.5 1,203.7 1,245.0 302.4 287.7 309.2 314.1 333.9
     Goods balance 124.8 118.8 99.9 31.0 21.5 24.8 26.6 26.9
       Exports 744.1 772.4 791.3 195.7 179.7 193.1 199.9 218.7
       Imports 619.3 653.6 691.4 164.7 158.2 168.2 173.2 191.8
     Services balance 7.1 -0.9 -6.6 -1.2 -3.2 0.2 -1.1 -2.5
       Exports 217.9 232.0 232.4 58.1 50.7 59.3 62.5 59.9
       Imports 210.8 232.8 239.0 59.3 53.9 59.1 63.6 62.4
     Income balance 3.3 -11.9 -7.3 -2.3 -0.8 -0.9 -3.0 -2.5
     Current transfers balance -40.5 -45.8 -42.8 -13.4 -5.5 -9.3 -14.6 -13.3
Capital account balance 13.1 12.7 12.8 3.7 2.8 3.4 1.6 5.0
Financial account balanceb-69.1 -62.7 -36.2 -33.1 -28.3 -6.7 5.4
  Direct investment -48.1 -102.6 -147.2 -56.5 -15.6 -52.6 -23.3 -55.8
     Abroad -93.4 -183.0 -212.5 -70.0 -36.3 -76.9 -26.9 -72.3
     In the euro area 45.3 80.4 65.2 13.5 20.8 24.3 3.6 16.6
  Portfolio investmentb-22.8 -85.3 -21.3 -39.7 -54.7 -7.0 29.8 10.6
     Assets -302.1 -280.5 -61.4 -65.3 -85.6 -64.3 -65.3
     Liabilities 216.8 259.2 21.7 10.7 78.6 94.1 75.9
  Financial derivativesb-8.2 -0.8 -5.3 -1.4 -0.6 1.5 -0.2
  Other investmentb c118.5 93.2 58.7 33.0 25.3 -16.1 50.9
  Reserve assetsb8.5 13.4 6.7 5.5 6.6 1.4 -0.1
Errors and omissionsb-3.8 6.7 18.3 18.4 10.1 -2.9 -19.0
Note: For the financial account, a positive sign indicates an inflow, a negative sign an outflow;  for reserve assets, a negativ e sign
indicates an increase, a positive sign a decrease.  A more detailed set of tables may be found in Section 8 of the "Euro area s tatistics" section
of the Monthly Bulletin.
a Figures may not add up due to rounding.
b Data before end-1998 are not closely comparable with later observations.
c Flows before January 1999 include estimates.
Source: European Central Bank.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 161
Table AI.5
Merchandise imports by region and country, 1995-98
(ECU billion and per cent)
Description 1995 1996 1997 1998
Total extra-exports 554.3 581.1 672.6 712.4
(Per cent)
America 27.3 27.4 28.2 28.6
  United States 19.0 19.5 20.5 21.3
  Canada 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8
  Other America 6.2 5.9 5.8 5.5
     Brazil 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.9
Europe 28.0 27.6 27.6 27.4
  EFTA 12.8 12.4 12.0 11.3
     Switzerland 8.0 7.4 6.8 7.0
     Norway 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.1
  Eastern Europe 12.0 12.0 12.5 12.8
     Poland 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3
     Czech Republic 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.1
     Hungary 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.1
     Slovak Republic 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8
     Romania 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7
     Former USSR 5.1 5.2 5.3 4.6
       Russian Federation 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.2
Other Europe 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3
  Turkey 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9
  Slovenia 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Asia 33.4 33.3 33.8 34.6
  Middle East 4.5 4.5 4.5 3.8
     Saudi Arabia 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.1
     Israel 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0
  East Asia 26.7 26.5 27.1 28.7
     Japan 10.0 9.0 8.9 9.2
     China 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.9
     Chinese Taipei 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.6
     Korea, Rep. of 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.2
     Singapore 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8
     Malaysia 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7
     Hong Kong, China 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4
     Thailand 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
     Indonesia 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3
     Philippines 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9
  South Asia 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2
     India 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4
Oceania 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5
  Australia 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1
Africa 8.4 8.8 8.4 7.4
  Sub-Saharan Africa 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.5
  Other Africa 5.3 5.5 5.5 4.9
     South Africa 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
     Algeria 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9
     Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.8
     Morocco 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Other 2.7 3.0 1.2 1.0
  Areas n.e.s. 2.7 3.0 1.2 1.0
Source: European Commission, Intra- and Extra-EU trade  [CD-Rom], Supplement 2, 1999.WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 162
Table AI.6
Merchandise exports by region and country, 1995-98
(ECU billion and per cent)
Description 1995 1996 1997 1998
Total extra-exports 573.3 627.0 721.1 731.4
(Per cent)
America 26.9 27.1 28.5 31.5
  United States 18.0 18.3 19.6 22.0
  Canada 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.0
  Other America 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.5
     Argentina 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0
     Mexico 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.3
     Brazil 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1
Europe 29.0 30.4 31.2 32.5
  EFTA 12.2 11.6 10.8 11.5
     Norway 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4
     Switzerland 9.0 8.3 7.4 7.9
  Eastern Europe 12.1 13.4 14.8 15.4
     Slovak Republic 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8
     Romania 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9
     Hungary 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.3
     Czech Republic 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3
     Poland 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.8
     Former USSR 4.2 4.7 5.5 4.9
       Russian Federation 2.8 3.1 3.5 2.9
Other Europe 4.7 5.4 5.6 5.5
  Slovenia 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
  Turkey 2.3 2.9 3.1 3.0
Asia 30.9 30.6 29.6 24.9
  Middle East 7.2 7.1 7.3 6.9
     United Arab Emirates 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2
     Israel 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5
     Saudi Arabia 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.6
  East Asia 21.5 21.4 20.3 16.2
     Malaysia 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7
     Korea, Rep. of 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.2
     Singapore 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.5
     Chinese Taipei 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6
     Hong Kong, China 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.4
     China 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4
     Japan 5.7 5.7 5.0 4.3
  South Asia 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7
     India 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3
Oceania 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2
  Australia 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Africa 8.1 7.7 7.2 7.9
  Sub-Saharan Africa 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6
  Other Africa 5.5 5.1 4.8 5.3
     Tunisia 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8
     Morocco 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9
     Egypt 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0
     South Africa 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5
Other 2.8 1.9 1.2 1.1
  Areas n.e.s. 2.8 1.9 1.2 1.1
Source: European Commission, Intra- and Extra-EU trade  [CD-Rom], Supplement 2, 1999.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 163
Table AII.1
Selected WTO documents of the European Communities, 1995-99
Agreement WTO Document Content
Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods
GATT 1994a
Tariff concessions Schedule CXLbConsolidated for EU-15
Article XVII (state-trading) G/STR/N/1/EEC of 8 December 1995 and Add.1 of
23 January 1996State-trading enterprises in Austria,
France and Italy;  none elsewhere
G/STR/N/2/EEC of 26 June 1996 Change in state-trading enterprises
G/STR/N/3/EEC of 2 February 1999 and Add.1 of
7 July 1999State-trading enterprises in France and
Italy;  none elsewhere
Agreement on Agriculture
Tariff quotas G/AG/N/EEC/1 of 8 August 1995, Corr.1 of
15 September 1995, Add.1 and Corr.2 of 13
October 1995; G/AG/N/EEC/3 of 12 March 1997
and Corr.1 of 9 October 1997Administration for 1995-96
G/AG/N/EEC/4 of 12 March 1997 In-quota imports in 1995-96
G/AG/N/EEC/7 of 21 July 1997 and Corr.1 of
24 July 1997In-quota imports in 1996
G/AG/N/EEC/8 of 20 November 1997 In-quota imports in 1996-97
G/AG/N/EEC/13 of 20 October 1998 In-quota imports in 1997
G/AG/N/EEC/14 of 10 November 1998 Administration for 1997-98
G/AG/N/EEC/15 of 12 March 1999 Administration for 1999
G/AG/N/EEC/19 of 4 November 1999 In-quota imports in 1998
Special safeguard provisions G/AG/N/EEC/2 of 8 August 1995 Trigger prices
G/AG/N/EEC/6 of 25 March 1997 Use in 1995-96
G/AG/N/EEC/10 of 2 April 1998 Use in 1996-97
G/AG/N/EEC/18 of 22 September 1999 Use in 1997-98
Export subsidies G/AG/N/EEC/5 of 13 March 1997 and Rev.1 of
21 July 1997Commitments for 1995-96
G/AG/N/EEC/11 of 30 April 1998 Commitments for 1996-97
G/AG/N/EEC/20 of 16 November 1999 Commitments for 1997-98
Domestic support G/AG/N/EEC/12 of 8 May 1998, Corr.1 of
25 May 1998, Corr.2 of 14 August 1998, Rev.1 of
21 September 1999Commitments for 1995-96
G/AG/N/EEC/16 of 22 March 1999 and Rev.1 of
21 September 1999Commitments for 1996-97
G/AG/N/EEC/17 of 17 September 1999 Exempt measures
G/AG/N/EEC/9 of 20 November 1997 Actions taken in 1995 Decision on Measures Concerning the
Possible Negative Effects of theReform Programme on Least-
Developed and Net Food-Importing
Developing CountriesG/AG/N/EEC/21 of 16 November 1999 Actions taken in 1996 and 1997
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
G/SPS/N/EEC/1-76 Notifications of measures
Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
G/TMB/N/60 of 19 April 1995 Quantitative restrictions in 1994
G/TMB/N/1/Corr.2/Suppl.1 of 20 February 1998 Products integrated into GATT 1994 as
of 1 January 1995
Table AII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 164
Agreement WTO Document Content
G/TMB/N/207 of 31 January 1997 Proposed list of products to be integrated
into GATT 1994 as of 1 January 1998
G/TMB/N/1/Corr.2/Suppl.1 of 20 February 1998 Products integrated into GATT 1994 as
of 1 January 1998
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
G/TBT/Add.12 of 27 June 1996, Rev.1 of1 July 1998, Rev.2 of 5 November 1999Implementation and administrative
arrangements
G/TBT/CS/N/32 of 7 Marc 1996 Acceptance of Code of Good Practice
G/TBT/N96/; G/TBT/N97/; G/TBT/N98/;G/TBT/N99/Notifications of measures
Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994
Laws and regulations G/ADP/N/1/EEC/1 of 31 March 1995 and  Suppl.1
of 1 July 1996Laws and regulations
G/ADP/N/1/EEC/2 of 2 July 1996, Corr.1 of
23 July 1997 and Suppl.1 of 1 April 1997Change in laws and regulations
G/ADP/W/301 of 4 March 1996, G/ADP/Q1/EEC/3
of 23 April 1997, G/ADP/Q1/EEC/7 of
1 December 1997, G/ADP/Q1/EEC/10 of21 January 1998, G/ADP/Q1/EEC/14 and
G/ADP/Q1/EEC/15 of 15 April 1997,
G/ADP/Q1/EEC/16 of 17 June 1998, and
G/ADP/Q1/EEC/18 of 29 April 1999Replies to questions on laws and
regulations
Anti-dumping measures G/ADP/N/2/EEC of 10 March 1995 and Corr.1 of
17 November 1995Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1994
G/ADP/N/4/EEC of 26 September 1995 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1995
G/ADP/N/9/EEC of 13 March 1996 Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1995
G/ADP/N/16/EEC of 23 September 1996 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1996
G/ADP/N/22/EEC of 25 February 1997 Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1996
G/ADP/N/29/EEC of 28 October 1997 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1997
G/ADP/N/35/EEC of 13 March 1998, Corr.1 of
25 March 1998 and Corr.2 of 1 November 1998Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1997
G/ADP/N/41/EEC of 17 September 1998 and Corr.1
of 13 November 1998Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1998
G/ADP/N/47/EEC of 10 March 1999 Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1998
G/ADP/N/53/EEC of 6 August 1999 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1999
Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT 1994
G/VAL/N/1/EEC/1 of 17 November 1995 and Rev.1
of 6 December 1995Principles of customs valuation
Agreement on Rules of Origin
G/RO/N/1 of 9 May 1995 Non-preferential rules of origin
Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
Laws and regulations G/LIC/N/1/EEC/1 of 26 March 1996, Rev.1 of
11 April 1996 and Rev.2 of 28 May 1996, Add.1 of
30 July 1996 and Add.2 of 10 February 1997Import licensing procedures
G/LIC/N/3/EEC/1 of 29 August 1997 and Add.1 of
19 April 1999Replies to questionnaire on import
licensing procedures
G/LIC/N/3/EEC/2 of 11 October 1999, and Adds.1-
27Replies to questionnaire on import
licensing procedures
Measures G/LIC/N/2/EEC/1 of 21 January 1998,
G/LIC/N/1/EEC/2/Add.1 of 27 January 1999Prior Community surveillance
G/LIC/N/2/EEC/1 of 5 June 1996 Prior Community surveillance
G/LIC/N/2/EEC/2 of 14 July 1997 Prior Community surveillance
Table AII.1 (cont'd)The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 165
Agreement WTO Document Content
Agreement on Preshipment Inspection
G/PSI/N/1 of 31 March 1995 Laws and regulations for exports from
the EC
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
Laws and regulations G/SCM/N/1/EEC/1 of 31 March 1995 Laws and regulations
G/SCM/N/1/EEC/2 of 19 January 1998, Suppl. 1 of
6 November 1998 and Suppl.2 of 8 January 1999Change in laws and regulations
G/SCM/W/309 of 4 March 1996, G/SCM/Q1/EEC/3
of 23 April 1997, G/SCM/Q1/EEC/7 of
1 April 1997, G/SCM/Q1/EEC/10 of21 January 1998, G/SCM/Q1/EEC/14 and
G/SCM/Q1/EEC/15 of 15 April 1997,
G/SCM/Q1/EEC/16 of 17 June 1998, and
G/SCM/Q1/EEC/18 of 29 April 1999Replies to questions on laws and
regulations
Subsidies G/SCM/N/3/EEC of 12 March 1996, Corr.1 of
1 April 1996 and Corr.2 of 22 April 1996Measures in 1994
G/SCM/N/16/EEC of 2 April 1997, Suppl.1 of
4 April 1997 and Suppl.2 of 15 May 1997Measures in 1995
G/SCM/N/25/EEC of 12 March 1996, Corr.1 of
20 March 1998 and Suppl.1 of 5 November 1998Measures in 1996
G/SCM/N/38/EEC of 21 December 1998, Add.1-9
of 21 December 1998,Measures in 1997
G/SCM/N/48/EEC of 12 November 1999 and
Add.1-14 of 3 November 1999Measures in 1998
G/SCM/Q2/EEC/1-19 Questions and replies to questionnaire on
subsidies
Countervailing measures G/SCM/N/4/EEC of 16 May 1995 Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1994
G/SCM/N/7/EEC of 12 October 1995 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1995
G/SCM/N/12/EEC of 12 February 1996 Semi-annual report for June-Dec 1995
G/SCM/N/19/EEC of 14 August 1996 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1996
G/SCM/N/23/EEC of 18 February 1997 Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1996
G/SCM/N/30/EEC of 7 August 1997 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1997
G/SCM/N/35/EEC of 11 March 1998 Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1997
G/SCM/N/40/EEC of 7 October 1998 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1998
G/SCM/N/47/EEC of 1 March 1999 Semi-annual report for July-Dec 1998
G/SCM/N/52/EEC of 1 September 1999 Semi-annual report for Jan-June 1999
Agreement on Safeguards
G/SG/N/1/EEC/1 of 3 April 1995 Laws, regulations and administrative
procedures
G/SG/N/1/EEC/2,3 of 24 March 1995 Pre-existing Article XIX measures
G/SG/N/1/EEC/5 of 18 July 1995 and Suppl.1 of
10 July 1996Phase-out timetables
General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATS/SC/31 of 15 April 1994, Suppl.1 of
28 July 1995 and Rev.1 of 4 October 1995, andSuppl.2 of 28 July 1995 GATS/SC/7 of
15 April 1994 (Austria) GATS/SC/33 of
15 April 1994 (Finland) GATS/SC/82 of
15 April 1994 (Sweden)Schedule of specific commitments on
services of the EC and Member States
GATS/EL/31 of 15 April 1994 GATS/EL/7 of
15 April 1994 (Austria) GATS/EL/33 of
15 April 1994 (Finland) GATS/EL/82 of
15 April 1994 (Sweden)List of Article II (MFN) Exemptions
Table AII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 166
Agreement WTO Document Content
GATS/SC/31/Suppl.3 of 11 April 1997 Specific commitments on basic
telecommunications
GATS/SC/31/Suppl.4 of 26 February 1998 andRev.1 of 18 November 1999Specific commitments on financial
services
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
IP/N/1/EEC/1 of 31 March 1995 and Rev.1 of20 February 1996Implementation of TRIPS Agreement
IP/N/1/EEC/C/1 of 11 March 1996 and
IP/N/1/EEC/C/2 of 31 July 1996Laws and regulations on copyright and
neighbouring rights
IP/N/1/EEC/E/1 of 25 March 1996 Enforcement at the border
IP/N/1/EEC/G/1 of 17 April 1996 and
IP/N/1/EEC/G/2 of 16 September 1996Protection of geographical indications
and designations of origin for agricultural
products and foodstuffs
IP/N/1/EEC/L/1 of 17 April 1996 andIP/N/1/EEC/L/2 of 16 April 1996Legal protection of topographies of
semiconductor products
IP/N/1/EEC/O/1 of 30 September 1996 and
IP/N/1/EEC/O/2 of 31 October 1996Council Directives on labelling,
presentation and advertising offoodstuffs, as well as misleading
advertising
IP/N/1/EEC/P/1 of 12 April 1996, IP/N/1/EEC/P/2of 17 April 1996, IP/N/1/EEC/P/3 of 16 April 1996and IP/N/1/EEC/P/4 of 12 February 1999Community patents
IP/N/1/EEC/T/1, IP/N/1/EEC/T/2 and
IP/N/1/EEC/T/3 of 3 April 1996Community trademarks
a Except for Article XVI, reported under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, and Article XXIV, reported in
Table II.1.
b Circulated under cover of G/L/65/Rev.1 of 19 March 1996, and subsequent rectifications and modifications:  G/MA/TAR/RS/16
of 2 April 1997, G/MA/TAR/RS/30 of 13 May 1997, G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.2 of 21 October 1997, G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.2/Corr.1 of
10 February 1998, G/MA/TAR/RS/47 of 10 February 1998, G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.3 of 23 November 1998 and G/L/65/Rev.1/Add.4
of 1 July 1999.
Source: WTO Secretariat.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 167
Table AII.2
Complaints initiated by the European Communities, 1995-99
Country Complainant Issue under disputeRequest for
consultation/
Request forpanelFirst Panel
established/
Panelreport
circulatedRequest
of appealPanel/
Appellate
Bodyreport
adopted
Argentina European
Communities
(WT/DS77) andthe United States
(WT/DS/56)Measures Affecting Textiles and
Clothing17.04.97/
10.09.9716.10.97 n.a. n.a.
Argentina European
Communities
(WT/DS121)Safeguard Measures on Imports of
Footwear03.04.98/
10.06.9823.06.98/
25.06.9915.09.99 Pending
Argentina European
Communities
(WT/DS155)Measures on the Export of Bovine
Hides and the Import of Finished
Leather24.12.98/
03.06.9926.07.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
Argentina European
Communities
(WT/DS145)Countervailing Duties on Imports
of Wheat Gluten from the
European Communities23.09.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Argentina European
Communities
(WT/DS157)Anti-Dumping Measures on
Imports of Drill Bits from Italy14.01.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Brazil European
Communities
(WT/DS81),Japan (WTDS51),
and the United
States (WT/DS52and WT/DS65)Measures affecting Trade and
Investment in the Automotive
Sector07.05.97/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Brazil European
Communities(WT/DS116)Measures Affecting Payment Terms
for Imports09.01.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Brazil European
Communities
(WT/DS183)Brazil – Measures on Import
Licensing and Minimum Import
Prices14/10/99/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Canada European
Communities
(WT/DS117)Measures Affecting Film
Distribution Services20.01.98
Pendingn.a. n.a. n.a.
Canada European
Communities
(WT/DS114)Patent Protection of
Pharmaceutical Products19.12.97/
11.11.9801.02.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
Canada European
Communities
(WT/DS142)Certain Measures Affecting the
Automotive Industry17.08.98/
14.01.9801.02.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
Chile European
Communities
(WT/DS87) and
the United States(WT/DS109)Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages 04.06.97/
03.10.9718.11.97/
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Chile European
Communities(WT/DS/110)Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages 15.12.97/
09.03.9825.03.98/
15.06.9913.09.99 Pending
India European
Communities(WT/DS79)Patent Protection for
Pharmaceutical and AgriculturalChemical Products28.04.97
09.09.9716.10.97/
24.08.98No
appeal02.09.98
Table AII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 168
Country Complainant Issue under disputeRequest for
consultation/Request for
panelFirst Panel
established/Panel
report
circulatedRequest
of appealPanel/
AppellateBody
report
adopted
India European
Communities(WT/DS150)Measures Affecting Custom Duties 30.10.98
Pendingn.a. n.a. n.a.
India European
Communities
(WT/DS149)Import Restrictions 29.10.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
India European
Communities
(WT/DS146)Measures Affecting the Automotive
Sector06.10.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
India European
Communities
(WT/DS120)Measures Affecting Export of
Certain Commodities16.03.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
India European
Communities
(WT/DS96)Quantitative Restrictions on
Imports of Agricultural, Textile and
Industrial Products18.07.97/
n.a.n.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Indonesia European
Communities, the
United States, and
Japan (WT/DS54,55, 59 and 64)Certain Measures Affecting the
Automobile Industry03.10.96
12.05.9712.06.97/
02.07.98No
appeal23.06.98
Japan European
Communities(WT/DS8),
Canada
(WT/DS10) andthe United States
(WT/DS11)Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages 21.06.95
14.07.9527.09.95/
11.07.9608.08.96 01.11.96
Japan European
Communities
(WT/DS/15)Measures Affecting the Purchase of
Telecommunications Equipment18.08.95/
Inactiven.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Japan European
Communities
(WT/DS42)Measures Concerning Sound
Recordings24.05.96/
n.a.n.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Japan European
Communities
(WT/DS73)Procurement of a Navigation
Satellite26.03.97/
n.a.n.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Japan European
Communities
(WT/DS147)Tariff Quotas and Subsidies
Affecting Leather08.10.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Japan European
Communities
(WT/DS66)Measures Affecting Imports of Pork 15.01.97/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Mexico European
Communities
(WT/DS53)Customs Valuation of Imports 27.08.96/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Pakistan European
Communities
(WT/DS107)Export Measures Affecting Hides
and Skins07.11.97/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Korea,
Rep. ofEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS40)Laws, Regulations and Practices in
the Telecommunications Sector09.05.96/
n.a.n.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Table AII.2 (cont'd)The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 169
Country Complainant Issue under disputeRequest for
consultation/Request for
panelFirst Panel
established/Panel
report
circulatedRequest
of appealPanel/
AppellateBody
report
adopted
Korea,Rep. ofEuropean
Communities(WT/DS75) and
the United States
(WT/DS84)Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages 04.04.97/
10.09.9716.10.97/
17.09.9820.10.98 17.02.99
Korea,
Rep. ofEuropean
Communities(WT/DS98)Definitive Safeguard Measure on
Imports of Certain Dairy Products12.08.97/
09.01.98 and10.06.9823.07.98/
21.06.9915.09.99 Pending
United
StatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS118)Harbour Maintenance Tax 06.02.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS39)Tariff Increases on Products from
the EC17.04.96
/
19.06.96n.a. n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS136)Anti-Dumping Act of 1916 09.06.98/
11.11.9801.02.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS38)The Cuban Liberty and Democratic
Solidarity Act03.05.96/
03.10.9620.11.96 n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS108)Tax Treatment for Foreign Sales
Corporations18.11.97/
01.07.9822.09.98/
08.10.9928.10.99 n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS63)Anti-Dumping Measures on
Imports of Solid Urea from theFormer German Democratic
Republic28.11.96/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS85 andWT/DS151)Measures Affecting Textiles and
Apparel Products23.05.97 and
19.11.98 /
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS88) and
Japan (WT/DS95)Measures Affecting Government
Procurement20.06.97/
08.09.9821.10.98/
n.a.n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS165)Import Measures on Certain
Products from the European
Communities04.03.99/
11.05.9916.06.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS166)Definitive Safeguard Measure on
Imports of Wheat Gluten from the
European Communities17.03.99/
03.06.9926.07.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS176)Section 211 of the Omnibus
Appropriations Act08.07.99/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS138)Imposition of Countervailing Duties
on Certain Hot-rolled Lead and
Bismuth Carbon Steel Products
Originating in the United Kingdom30.06.98/
14.01.9912.02.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
Table AII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 170
Country Complainant Issue under disputeRequest for
consultation/Request for
panelFirst Panel
established/Panel
report
circulatedRequest
of appealPanel/
AppellateBody
report
adopted
UnitedStatesEuropean
Communities(WT/DS100)Measures Affecting Imports of
Poultry Products18.08.97
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS152)Sections 301-310 of the Trade Act of
197425.11.98/
26.01.9902.03.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
United
StatesEuropean
Communities
(WT/DS160)Section 110(5) of the US Copyright
Act26.01.99/
15.04.9926.05.99/
Pendingn.a. n.a.
n.a. Not applicable.
Source: WTO Secretariat.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 171
Table AII.3
Complaints against the European Communities and/or its Member States, 1995-99
Country Complainant Issue under disputeRequest for
consultation/
Request forpanelFirst panel
established
/Panelreport
circulatedRequest
of appealPanel/
Appellate
Bodyreport
adopted
Belgium United States
(WT/DS/80)Measures Affecting Commercial
Telephone Directory Services02.05.97/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Belgium United States
(WT/DS127)Certain Income Tax Measures
Constituting Subsidies05.05.98/
Pendingn.a.
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Denmark United States
(WT/DS83)Measures Affecting the
Enforcement of Intellectual
Property Rights14.05.97
EC/Ireland United States
(WT/DS115
and WT/DS/82)Measures Affecting the Grant of
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights14.05.97/
09.01.98
EuropeanCommunitiesBrazil
(WT/DS154)Measures Affecting Differential and
Favourable Treatment of Coffee07.12.98/
Pendingn.a.
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesCanada
(WT/DS153)Patent Protection for
Pharmaceutical and AgriculturalProducts02.12.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesCanada
(WT/DS135)Measures Affecting the Prohibition
of Asbestos and Asbestos Products28.05.98
08.10.9825.11.98
Pendingn.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesCanada
(WT/DS137)Measures Affecting Imports of
Wood of Conifers from Canada17.06.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesEcuador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico and theUnited States
(WT/DS27),
joined byseveral
Caribbean and
Latin American
countriesRegime for the Importation, Sale
and Distribution of Bananas28.09.95 08.08.96/
22-05.9711.06.97 27.09.97
European
CommunitiesIndia
(WT/DS141)Anti-Dumping Duties on Imports of
Cotton-Type Bed-Linen from India03.08.98/
07.09.99Pending/
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesIndia
(WT/DS140)Anti-Dumping Investigations
Regarding Unbleached CottonFabrics from India03.08.98/
Pendingn.a.
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesIndia
(WT/DS134)Measures Affecting Import Duties
on Rice28.05.98
Pendingn.a.
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesUnited States
(WT/DS26) and
Canada(WT/DS48)Measures Affecting Meat and Meat
Products (Hormones)25.04.96/
28.06.9620.05.96
16.10.96/
18.08.9724.09.97 13.02.98
European
CommunitiesUnited States
(WT/DS104)Measures Affecting the Exportation
of Processed Cheese08.10.97/
Pendingn.a.
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Table AII.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 172
Country Complainant Issue under disputeRequest for
consultation/Request for
panelFirst panel
established/Panel
report
circulatedRequest
of appealPanel/
AppellateBody
report
adopted
EuropeanCommunitiesCanada
(WT/DS9)Duties on Imports of Cereals 10.07.95 11.10.95
European
CommunitiesUnited States
(WT/DS13)Duties on Imports of Grains 19.07.95/
28,09.9503.12.96
13.02.97
26.03.97n.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesUnited States
(WT/DS174)Protection of Trademarks and
Geographical Indications for
Agricultural Products andFoodstuffs01.06.99/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesUnited States
(WT/DS172)Measures Relating to the
Development of a FlightManagement System21.05.99
Pendingn.a.
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesThailand
(WT/DS17)Duties on Imports of Rice 03.10.95/
Inactiven.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesBrazil
(WT/DS69)Measures Affecting Importation of
Certain Poultry Products24.02.97 30.07.97/
12.03.9829.04.98 23.07.98
European
CommunitiesNew Zealand Measures Affecting Butter Products 24.03.97 18.11.97/
n.a.n.a. n.a.
European
CommunitiesUnited States Enforcement of Intellectual
Property Rights for MotionPictures and Television Programs30.04.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a.
European
Communitiesand FranceCanada
(WT/DS7), Peru(WT/DS12),
and Chile
(WT/DS14)Trade Description of Scallops 24.05.95/
19.07.9511.10.95/
05.08.96n.a. n.a.
European
Communities,United
Kingdom and
IrelandUnited States
(WT/DS62, 67,68)Customs Classification of Certain
Computer Equipment08.11.96 25.02.97
05.02.9824.03.98 22.06.98
France United States
(WT/DS131)Certain Income Tax Measures
Constituting Subsidies05.05.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Greece United States
(WT/DS129)Certain Income Tax Measures
Constituting Subsidies05.05.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Ireland United States
(WT/DS130)Certain Income Tax Measures
Constituting Subsidies05.05.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Netherlands United States
(WT/DS128)Certain Income Tax Measures
Constituting Subsidies05.05.98/
Pendingn.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Portugal United States
(WT/DS37)Patent Protection under the
Industrial Property Act30.04.96/
n.a.n.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
Sweden United States
(WT/DS86)Measures Affecting the
Enforcement of IntellectualProperty Rights28.05.97/
n.a.n.a./
n.a.n.a. n.a.
n.a. Not applicable.
Source: WTO Secretariat.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 173
Table AIII.1
Applied MFN tariffs by HS Chapter, 1999
(Per cent and US$ billion)
MFN 1999
Simple
averageMin. Max.Standard
deviationImports
HS codeNumber
of 8-digit
HS linesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (%)(US$
billion)
Total 10,428 6.9 0.0 236.4 12.1 734.9
2,132 WTO Agriculture 17.3 0.0 236.4 23.9 62.0
8,257 WTO non-agriculture 4.5 0.0 26.0 4.2 618.4
39 Petroleum 2.9 0.0 4.7 2.0 54.4
01 47 Live animals 26.2 0.0 106.0 32.0 0.7
02 233 Meat and edible meat offal 33.3 0.0 236.4 34.3 3.0
03 327 Fish & crustacean, mollusc & other
aquatic invertebrate9.9 0.0 23.0 6.2 10.0
04 231 Dairy prod., birds' eggs, natural
honey, edible prod. n.e.s.40.3 0.0 146.1 30.1 1.1
05 22 Products of animal origin, n.e.s or
included0.3 0.0 5.6 1.2 1.1
06 48 Live tree & other plant, bulb, root, cut
flowers, etc.7.6 0.0 14.0 4.1 1.2
07 116 Edible vegetables and certain roots
and tubers12.0 0.0 140.7 17.2 2.7
08 141 Edible fruit and nuts, peel of citrus
fruit or melons9.6 0.0 130.4 12.6 9.0
09 56 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 2.8 0.0 12.6 4.1 7.4
10 55 Cereals 47.3 0.0 179.7 37.5 1.8
11 83 Prod. mill. indust., malt, starches,
inulin, wheat gluten24.5 0.0 137.8 19.8 0.1
12 80 Oilseeds, oleagi. fruit, misc. grain,
seed, fruit, etc.2.3 0.0 67.0 7.9 6.8
13 19 Lac, gums, resins & other vegetable
saps & extracts2.2 0.0 20.0 5.1 0.5
14 12 Vegetable plaiting materials,
vegetable products0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
15 127 Animal/vegetable fats & oils & their
cleavage products8.2 0.0 89.8 11.8 2.6
16 93 Prep. of meat, fish or crustaceans,
molluscs, etc.18.4 0.0 50.1 9.4 3.1
17 47 Sugars and sugar confectionery 17.6 0.0 72.2 17.8 1.6
18 27 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 12.3 0.0 76.2 23.0 2.5
19 48 Prep. of cereal, flour, starch/milk,
pastrycooks' products17.9 8.5 48.5 12.0 0.5
20 307 Prep. of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other
parts of plants22.7 0.0 161.5 16.0 3.1
21 42 Miscellaneous edible preparations 10.6 0.0 23.0 5.9 1.1
22 176 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 8.1 0.0 64.0 8.9 2.6
23 67 Residues/waste from the food ind.,
prep. animal fodder14.1 0.0 212.3 40.3 5.4
24 30 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco
substitutes21.0 3.3 81.9 23.4 2.0
25 96 Salt, sulphur, earth/stone, plastering
mat., lime & cement0.3 0.0 4.4 0.9 3.6
26 51 Ores, slag and ash 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7
27 109 Mineral fuels, oils & products of their
distillation1.4 0.0 8.0 1.9 71.0
28 270 Inorg. chem., compounds of precious
metals, radioactive elements4.8 0.0 9.8 2.3 5.0
29 531 Organic chemicals 4.7 0.0 41.7 4.3 18.2
30 57 Pharmaceutical products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5
31 37 Fertilizers 4.3 0.0 8.8 3.0 2.1
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 174
MFN 1999
Simple
averageMin. Max.Standard
deviationImports
HS codeNumber
of 8-digit
HS linesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (%)(US$
billion)
32 67 Tanning/dyeing extract, tannins &
derivs., pigment5.3 0.0 6.5 2.2 3.7
33 61 Essential oils/resinoids, perf.,
cosmetic/toilet prep.3.0 0.0 18.9 3.8 2.5
34 34 Soap, organic surface-active agents,
washing prep., etc.1.9 0.0 6.5 2.3 1.1
35 32 Albuminoidal subs., modified
starches, glues, enzymes9.1 0.0 39.1 8.6 1.0
36 10 Explosives, pyrotech. prod., matches,
pyrop. alloy6.3 5.7 6.5 0.3 0.3
37 62 Photographic or cinematographic
goods5.3 0.0 6.5 2.1 1.9
38 128 Miscellaneous chemical products 5.5 0.0 20.1 2.8 5.3
39 266 Plastics and articles thereof 6.6 0.0 11.3 3.2 16.1
40 105 Rubber and articles thereof 2.4 0.0 6.5 2.1 7.9
41 56 Raw hides and skins (not furskins)
and leather2.2 0.0 6.5 2.4 3.4
42 38 Articles of leather, saddlery/harness,
travel goods5.0 1.7 9.7 2.7 5.7
43 44 Furskins and artificial fur,
manufactures thereof1.3 0.0 3.7 1.3 0.5
44 185 Wood and articles of wood,  wood
charcoal2.4 0.0 10.0 2.9 13.4
45 13 Cork and articles of cork 3.3 0.0 4.7 2.3 0.0
46 12 Manufactures of straw, esparto/other
plaiting mat., etc.2.9 0.0 4.7 1.4 0.3
47 23 Pulp of wood/fibrous cellulosic
material, waste, etc.0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5
48 196 Paper and paperboard, articles of pulp
thereof4.3 0.0 8.0 1.9 7.4
49 26 Printed books, newspapers, pictures &
other products1.3 0.0 4.0 1.6 2.8
50 26 Silk 5.0 0.0 7.5 2.6 0.4
51 78 Wool, fine/coarse animal hair,
horsehair yarn/fabric6.2 0.0 12.5 4.8 2.1
52 162 Cotton 7.4 0.0 9.0 2.4 5.2
53 44 Other vegetable textile fibres, paper
yarn/woven fabric3.3 0.0 11.0 3.9 0.4
54 88 Man-made filaments 7.8 3.8 9.5 1.7 3.6
55 168 Man-made staple fibres 8.1 5.5 9.5 1.6 2.6
56 66 Wadding, felt & non-woven, yarns,
twine, cordage6.7 3.2 12.0 2.6 0.9
57 39 Carpets and other textile floor
coverings8.4 4.0 11.0 2.1 1.6
58 56 Special woven fabric, tufted tex.
fabric, lace, tapestries8.8 5.0 11.5 2.3 0.7
59 44 Impregnated, coated, cover/laminated
textile fabric6.8 4.0 11.0 2.1 0.8
60 55 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 9.9 6.5 10.0 0.7 1.0
61 171 Apparel & clothing accessories,
knitted or crocheted12.3 8.0 13.0 1.3 17.0
62 204 Apparel & clothing accessories, not
knitted/crocheted12.4 6.3 13.0 1.7 21.5
63 91 Other made-up textile articles, sets,
worn clothing10.2 0.0 13.0 3.4 3.7
64 82 Footwear, gaiters and the like, parts
thereof10.0 3.0 17.0 5.4 7.6
65 15 Headgear and parts thereof 2.5 0.0 5.7 1.3 0.6
Table AIII.1 (cont'd)The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 175
MFN 1999
Simple
averageMin. Max.Standard
deviationImports
HS codeNumber
of 8-digit
HS linesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (%)(US$
billion)
66 9 Umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks,
whips, etc.4.3 2.7 5.2 0.9 0.3
67 8 Prepared feathers/down, artificial
flowers, articles of human hair2.8 1.7 4.7 1.2 0.5
68 77 Art. of stone, plaster, cement,
asbestos, mica/sim. mat.1.3 0.0 3.7 1.1 1.5
69 53 Ceramic products 4.8 0.0 12.0 2.4 2.1
70 139 Glass and glassware 4.8 0.0 11.0 3.0 3.0
71 67 Natural/cultured pearls, precious
stones/metals, coins0.7 0.0 4.0 1.3 31.6
72 432 Iron and steel 2.5 0.0 7.0 1.0 13.5
73 274 Articles of iron or steel 3.2 0.0 5.0 1.2 9.8
74 72 Copper and articles thereof 3.3 0.0 5.2 2.0 6.3
75 18 Nickel and articles thereof 0.6 0.0 3.3 1.2 1.8
76 64 Aluminium and articles thereof 6.3 0.0 10.0 2.0 9.7
78 13 Lead and articles thereof 2.7 0.0 5.0 2.2 0.3
79 12 Zinc and articles thereof 3.1 0.0 5.0 1.6 0.6
80 9 Tin and articles thereof 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
81 70 Other base metals, cermets, articles
thereof3.2 0.0 9.0 2.8 1.4
82 105 Tools, implements and cutlery of base
metal3.1 1.7 8.5 1.8 4.1
83 50 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 2.1 0.0 3.7 1.1 2.0
84 1,025 Nuclear reactors, boilers, mch./mech.
appliance, parts1.7 0.0 9.7 1.5 113.5
85 684 Electrical mch. equip. parts thereof,
sound recorders3.0 0.0 14.0 3.4 87.6
86 40 Railway/tramway locom., rolling-
stock & parts thereof, etc.1.8 0.0 3.7 0.6 0.9
87 184 Vehicles, other than railway/tramway
parts/accessories6.4 0.0 22.0 5.4 40-0
88 33 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 2.0 0.0 7.7 2.0 10.4
89 40 Ships, boats and floating structures 1.2 0.0 2.7 1.0 2.9
90 303 Optical, photo., cinemas, checking,
precision1.8 0.0 6.7 1.7 25.7
91 65 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 3.7 0.0 6.0 1.6 4.6
92 35 Musical instruments, parts and
accessories thereof3.2 1.7 4.0 0.5 0.8
93 27 Arms and ammunition, parts and
accessories thereof2.5 0.0 3.2 0.8 0.2
94 87 Furniture, bedding, mattress, mattress
support, cushions2.2 0.0 5.7 1.9 10.7
95 76 Toys, games & sports requisites, parts
& accessories thereof3.4 0.0 5.3 1.1 9.6
96 74 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 3.3 0.0 7.7 1.5 2.0
97 7 Works of art, collectors' pieces and
antiques0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, based on data provided by the European Commission.WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 176
Table AIII.2
Simple average tariffs under MFN and preferential regimes, by HS Chapter, 1999
(Per cent)
HS codeMFN bound
rateMFN applied
rateLomé +
LDC + MFNLomé +
GSP + MFNLDC + MFN FTA + MFN GSP + MFN
Total 7.0 6.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 3.5 4.9
01 26.6 26.2 18.6 19.0 24.2 23.9 26.3
02 33.3 33.3 29.7 29.7 30.5 27.4 32.9
03 11.7 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 8.4 7.9
04 40.3 40.3 37.8 40.2 37.8 35.5 39.8
05 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2
06 7.6 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 5.3
07 12.0 12.0 2.3 5.1 3.5 11.0 10.5
08 9.6 9.6 2.5 3.7 2.5 8.8 7.9
09 3.3 2.8 0.2 0.0 0.4 2.7 0.9
10 47.4 47.3 46.7 46.7 46.8 34.0 47.3
11 24.5 24.5 20.8 21.3 21.6 24.5 24.2
12 2.4 2.3 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.3 1.7
13 2.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.4
14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15 8.2 8.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 8.1 6.1
16 18.4 18.4 5.9 6.5 5.9 17.3 15.2
17 17.6 17.6 11.7 14.9 13.5 15.0 16.3
18 12.3 12.3 4.6 4.6 10.0 10.2 9.6
19 17.9 17.9 10.8 11.2 15.6 16.9 15.6
20 22.7 22.7 2.0 2.2 2.8 22.6 19.6
21 11.2 10.6 1.7 2.8 1.7 6.8 7.6
22 8.1 8.1 4.2 4.3 4.8 7.7 6.7
23 14.1 14.1 11.1 12.2 11.8 15.7 13.3
24 21.1 21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.1 13.2
25 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
27 1.9 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
28 4.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8
29 4.8 4.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.9
30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31 4.3 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0
32 5.5 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
33 3.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0
34 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
35 9.1 9.1 0.0 4.1 0.0 5.4 6.8
36 6.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
37 5.3 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
38 5.5 5.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 1.1
39 6.6 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6
40 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9
41 2.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6
42 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 177
HS codeMFN bound
rateMFN applied
rateLomé +
LDC + MFNLomé +
GSP + MFNLDC + MFN FTA + MFN GSP + MFN
43 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44 2.7 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
45 3.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7
46 2.9 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9
47 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48 4.3 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
49 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9
50 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3
51 6.2 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2
52 7.4 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2
53 3.7 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8
54 7.8 7.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6
55 8.1 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9
56 6.8 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7
57 8.5 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1
58 8.8 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4
59 6.9 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8
60 9.9 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.4
61 12.3 12.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4
62 12.4 12.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5
63 10.3 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7
64 9.9 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0
65 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
66 4.3 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3
67 2.8 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
68 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
69 4.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6
70 4.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1
71 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
72 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
73 3.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
74 3.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3
75 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
76 6.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5
78 2.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4
79 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
81 3.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
82 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
83 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
84 1.8 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
85 3.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1
86 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
87 6.4 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8
88 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
89 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Table AIII.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 178
HS codeMFN bound
rateMFN applied
rateLomé +
LDC + MFNLomé +
GSP + MFNLDC + MFN FTA + MFN GSP + MFN
90 1.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
91 3.7 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
92 3.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
93 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5
94 2.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1
95 3.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
96 3.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
97 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Source :  WTO Secretariat calculations, based on data provided by the European Commission.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 179
Table AIII.3
Quantitative restrictions on imports of textile and clothing products by category and country coverage
Category Description Countries subject to restrictions
Group I A
1 Cotton yarn, not for retail sale Argentina; Brazil; India; Indonesia; Pakistan;
Peru; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
2 Woven fabrics of cotton, other than gauze, terry fabrics, narrow woven fabrics, pile fabrics,
chenille fabrics, tulle and other net fabricsArgentina; Brazil; Hong Kong, China; India;
Indonesia; Malaysia; Pakistan; Peru;
Singapore; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
2(a) Of which:  Other than unbleached or bleached Argentina; Brazil; Hong Kong, China; India;
Indonesia; Malaysia; Pakistan; Singapore;
Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
3 Woven fabrics of synthetic fibres (discontinuous or waste) other than narrow woven fabrics, pile
fabrics (including terry fabrics) and chenille fabricsBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Singapore; Korea, Rep.of; Thailand
3(a) Of which: Other than unbleached or bleached Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
4 Shirts, T-shirts, lightweight fine knit roll, polo or turtle necked jumpers and pullovers (other than
wool or fine animal hair), undervests and the like, knitted or crochetedBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Macau; Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines;Singapore; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
5 Jerseys, pullovers, slip-overs, waistcoats, twinsets, cardigans, bed-jackets and jumpers (other than
jackets and blazers), anoraks, windcheaters, waister jackets and the like, knitted or crochetedHong Kong, China; India; Indonesia; Macau;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore;
Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
6 Men's or boys' woven breeches, shorts other than swimwear and trousers (including slacks);
women's or girls' woven trousers and slacks, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres; lower parts
of tracksuits with lining other than category 16 or 29, of cotton or of man-made fibresBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia;
Macau; Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines;
Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand
7 Women's or girls' blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses whether or not knitted or crocheted, of wool, of
cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; India; Indonesia; Macau;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore;Korea, Rep. of; Sri Lanka; Thailand
8 Men's or boys' shirts, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres Hong Kong, China; India; Indon esia; Macau;
Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore;Korea, Rep. of; Sri Lanka; Thailand
9 Terry towelling and similar woven terry fabrics of cotton; toilet linen and kitchen linen, other than
knitted or crocheted of terry towelling and woven terry fabrics, of cottonBrazil; India; Pakistan; Korea, Rep. of
20 Bed-linen, other than knitted or crocheted Brazil; India; Macau; Pakistan; Thailand
22 Yarn of staple or waste synthetic fibres, not put up for retail sale Brazil; Malaysia; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
23 Yarn of staple or waste artificial fibres, not put up for retail sale India; Indonesia
32 Woven pile fabrics and chenille fabrics (other than terry towelling or terry fabrics of cotton and
narrow woven fabrics) and tufted textile surfaces, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; Korea, Rep. of
39 Table linen, toilet and kitchen linen, other than knitted or crocheted, other than of terry towelling
or similar terry fabrics of cottonBrazil; Hong Kong, China; India; Macau
Group II B
12 Panty-hose and tights, stockings, under-stockings, ankle-socks, sockettes and the like, knitted or
crocheted, other than for babies, including stockings for varicose veins, other than products of
category 70Hong Kong, China; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
13 Men's or boys' underpants and briefs, women's or girls' knickers and briefs, knitted or crocheted,
of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; Macau; Philippines;
Korea, Rep. of
14 Men's or boys' woven overcoats, raincoats, and ot her coats, cloaks and capes of wool, of cotton or
of man-made fibres (other than parkas of category 21)Korea, Rep. of
15 Women's or girl's woven overcoats, raincoats and other coats, cloaks and capes; jackets and
blazers, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres (other than parkas of category 21)India; Macau; Philippines; Korea, Rep. of
16 Men's or boys' suits and ensembles, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-
made fibres, excluding ski-suits, men's or boys' tracksuits with lining with an outer shell of asingle identical fabric, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; Macau; Korea, Rep. of
17 Men's or boys' jackets and blazers, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-
made fibresKorea, Rep. of
18 Men's or boys' singlets and other vests, underpants, briefs, nightshirts, pyjamas, bathrobes,
dressing gowns and similar articles, other than knitted or crocheted;  women's or girls' singletsand other vests, slips, petticoats, briefs, pant ies, nightdresses, pyjamas, negligés, bathrobes,
dressing gowns and similar articles, other than knitted or crochetedHong Kong, China; Macau; Pakistan; Korea,
Rep. of
19a Handkerchiefs, other than knitted or crocheted Macau
21 Parkas; anoraks, windcheaters, waister jackets a nd the like, other than knitted or crocheted, of
wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres.  Upper parts of tracksuits with lining other than
category 16 and 29, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; Indonesia; Macau;
Philippines; Korea, Rep. of; Sri Lanka;
Thailand
24 Men's or boys' nightshirts, pyjamas, bathrobes, dressing gowns and similar articles, knitted or
crocheted;  women's or girls' nightdresses, pyjamas, négligés, bathrobes, dressing gowns andsimilar articles, knitted or crochetedHong Kong, China; India; Macau; Korea,
Rep. of; Thailand
Table AIII.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 180
Category Description Countries subject to restrictions
26 Women's or girls' dresses, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres Hong Kong, China; India; Macau; Pakistan;
Philippines; Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
27 Women's or girls' skirts, including divided skirts Hong Kong, China; India; Macau; Korea,
Rep. of
28 Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches, and shorts (other than swimwear), knitted or
crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibresPakistan; Korea, Rep. of
29 Women's or girls' suits and ensembles, other than knitted or crocheted, of wool, of cotton or of
man-made fibres, excluding ski suits;  women's or girls tracksuits with lining with an outer shell
of an identical fabric, of cotton or of man-made fibresHong Kong, China; India; Korea, Rep. of
31 Brassières, woven, knitted or crocheted Hong Kong, China; Macau; Philippines;
Korea, Rep. of
68 Babies' garments and clothing accessories, excluding babies' gloves, mittens and mitts of
categories 10 and 87, and babies' stockings, socks and sockettes, other than knitted or crocheted,
of category 88Hong Kong, China; Korea, Rep. of
73 Tracksuits of knitted or crocheted fabric, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres Hong Kong, China; Macau; Philippines;
Korea, Rep. of; Thailand
77a Ski suits, other than knitted or crocheted Hong Kong, China; Korea, Rep. of
78 Garments, other than knitted or crocheted, excluding garments of categories 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 21, 26, 27, 29, 72, 76, and 77Macau; Korea, Rep. of
83 Overcoats, jackets, blazers and other garments, including ski suits, knitted or crocheted, excluding
garments of categories 4, 5, 7, 13, 24, 26, 27, 28, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, and 75Hong Kong, China; Macau; Korea, Rep. of
Group III A
33 Woven fabrics of synthetic filament yarn obtained from strip or the like of polyethylene or
polypropylene, less than 3 m. wide;  sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods, not
knitted or crocheted, obtained from strip or the likeIndonesia; Korea, Rep. of
35 Woven fabrics of synthetic fibres (continuous), other than those for tyres of category 114 Indonesia; Korea, Rep. of
36 Woven fabrics of continuous artificial fibres, other than those for tyres of category 114 Korea, Rep. of
37 Woven fabrics of artificial staple fibres Korea, Rep. of
46a Carded or combed sheep's or lambs' wool or of other fine animal hair Argentina; Brazil
50 Woven fabrics of sheep's or lambs' wool or of other fine animal hair Korea, Rep. of
61a Narrow woven fabrics, and narrow fabrics (bolduc) consisting of warp without weft assembled by
means of an adhesive, other than labels and similar articles of category 62;  elastic fabrics andtrimmings (not knitted or crocheted), made from textile materials assembled from rubber threadHong Kong, China
Group III B
10 Gloves, mittens and mitts, knitted or crocheted Hong Kong, China; Philippines; Korea, Rep.
of; Thailand
67a Knitted or crocheted clothing accessories other than for babies; household linen of all kinds,
knitted or crocheted; curtains (including drapes) and interior blinds, curtain or bed valances andother furnishing articles knitted or crocheted; knitted or crocheted blankets and travelling-rugs,other knitted or crocheted articles including parts of garments or of clothing accessoriesKorea, Rep. of
70aPanty-hose and tights of synthetic fibres, measuring per single yarn less than 67 decitex (6.7 tex);
women's full-length hosiery of synthetic fibresKorea, Rep. of
72a Swimwear, of wool, of cotton or of man-made fibres Hong Kong, China
74a Women's or girls' knitted or crocheted suits and ensembles, of wool, of cotton or of man-made
fibres, excluding ski suitsHong Kong, China
86a Corsets, corset-belts, suspender belts, braces, suspenders, garters and the like, and parts thereof,
whether or not knitted or crochetedKorea, Rep. of
91a Tents Korea, Rep. of
97 Nets and netting made of twine, cordage or rope and made-up fishing nets of yarn, twine, cordage
or ropeKorea, Rep. of; Thailand
100a Textile fabrics impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with preparations of cellulose
derivatives or of other artificial plastic materialsKorea, Rep. of
111a Camping goods, woven, other than pneumatic mattresses and tents Korea, Rep. of
Group V
135 Woven fabrics of coarse animal hair or of horsehair Hong Kong, China
a Liberalized in the second stage.
Note: Direct exports;  and trade under outward processing arrangements.
Source: WTO documents G/TMB/N/60 of 19 April 1995 and G/TMB/N/1/Corr.2/Suppl.1 of 20 February 1998.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 181
Table AIV.1
Principal traded agricultural products by selected destination/origin, 1998(ECU million)
EU-15 United
StatesCentral and
Eastern
European
countries
aMediterranean
countriesbACP and
overseas
territories
A. Exports
Meat and edible meat offal 3,329 145 274 272 159
Dairy prod., birds' eggs, natural honey, edible prod. 4,513 371 173 650 545
Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 1,306 200 252 142 60
Edible fruit and nuts, peel of citrus fruit or melons 1,393 46 456 36 14
Cereals 1,691 78 81 626 216
Prod. mill. industries, malt, starches, inulin, wheat
gluten1,635 62 77 102 336
Animal/veg. fats & oils & their cleavage products 3,135 306 376 486 202
Sugars and sugar confectionery 2,397 190 199 662 237
Cocoa and cocoa preparations 1,565 232 224 104 23
Prep. of cereal, flour, starch/milk, pastrycooks'
products2,927 440 250 214 205
Prep. of vegetable, fruit, nuts or other parts of
plants1,991 413 234 81 169
Miscellaneous edible preparations 2,968 145 466 332 215
Beverages, spirits and vinegar 9,801 3,635 298 211 332
Residues/waste from the food ind., prep. animal
fodder1,829 96 637 224 25
Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 2,581 90 245 241 116
Totalc 51,546 8,020 5,429 5,265 3,036
B. Imports
Meat and edible meat offal 2,502 88 479 10 116
Dairy prod., birds' eggs, natural honey, edible prod.
n.e.s.1,055 17 157 19 5
Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 2,295 214 257 584 170
Edible fruit and nuts, peel of citrus fruit or melons 7,365 923 389 1,438 634
Coffee, tea, maté and spices 6,513 22 29 43 1,587
Cereals 1,523 558 107 29 45
Oilseeds, misc. grain, seed, fruit, etc. 5,763 2,005 244 140 164
Animal/veg. fats & oils & their cleavage products 2,649 229 26 185 306
Sugars and sugar confectionery 1,384 45 72 48 900
Cocoa and cocoa preparations 2,213 15 34 5 1,769
Prep. of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of
plants2,837 239 217 576 127
Beverages, spirits and vinegar 2,186 497 220 56 279
Residues/waste from the food ind. prep. animal
fodder4,330 1,245 157 25 57
Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 2,401 792 15 118 400
Totalc 55,059 8,276 3,128 4,090 7,373
a Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovak Republic.
b Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Gaza and Jericho, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey.
cW T O  A g r i c u l t u r e .
Source: European Commission, DGVI (1999d), EUR 12 - EUR 15: Commerce Produits Agricoles 1988-1999 .WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 182
Table AIV.2
Applied MFN tariffs by ISIC Rev.2 category, 1999
(Per cent and US$ billion)
Applied rate
Simple
averageRangeStandard
deviationImports
1998ISICCodeNumber
of linesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (US$ billion)
1 653 Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing 9.1 0 - 179.7 16.1 38.0
11 475 Agriculture and hunting 10.0 0 - 179.7 18.4 32.0
111 475 Agricultural and livestock production 10.0 0 - 179.7 18.4 32.0
12 46 Forestry and logging 0.2 0 - 3.5 0.8 2.8
121 26 Forestry 0.4 0 - 3.5 1.1 0.5
122 20 Logging 0.0 0 - 0 0.0 2.4
13 132 Fishing 9.2 0 - 23 5.9 3.2
1301 114 Ocean and coastal fishing 9.6 0 - 23 6.0 2.1
1302 18 Fishing n.e.c. 6.8 0 - 12 4.4 1.1
2 137 Mining and quarrying 0.2 0 - 8 0.9 78.1
210 6 Coal mining 0.0 0 - 0 0.0 6.0
220 9 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 1.0 0 - 8 2.6 49.5
23 27 Metal ore mining 0.0 0 - 0 0.0 7.0
2301 2 Mining of iron ores 0.0 0 - 0 0.0 3.4
2302 25 Non-ferrous ore mining 0.0 0 - 0 0.0 3.5
29 95 Other mining 0.2 0 - 4.4 0.7 15.6
2901 46 Mining of feldspar 0.0 0 - 1.7 0.3 1.9
2902 14 Mining of fertilizer and chemical minerals 0.1 0 - 1.7 0.5 0.7
2903 5 Salt mining 2.3 0 - 4.4 2.2 0.0
2909 30 Mining and quarrying n.e.s. 0.0 0 - 0 0.0 12.9
3 9,637 Manufacturing 6.9 0 - 236.4 11.9 618.3
31 1,775 Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco 19.6 0 - 236.4 23.9 38.4
311 1,438 Food products 21.4 0 - 236.4 24.8 30.9
3111 302 Meat products 28.3 0 - 236.4 34.6 5.1
3112 156 Dairy products 41.6 0.3 - 146.1 34.6 0.1
3113 400 Fruit and vegetable canning 20.3 0 - 161.5 17.2 5.8
3114 249 Fish products 11.4 0 - 26 6.8 9.4
3115 127 Manufacture of oil and fats (vegetable and animal) 7.9 0 - 89.8 11.9 6.3
3116 116 Grain mill products 36.5 2.7 - 212.3 32.3 0.6
3117 30 Manufacture of bakery products 15.9 8.5 - 48.5 10.2 0.4
3118 12 Sugar products 23.8 0 - 72.2 28.8 1.5
3119 46 Cocoa and chocolate confectionery 13.9 0 - 76.2 12.0 0.8
312 148 Other food products and animal feeds 12.4 0 - 183.1 19.5 4.7
3121 107 Other food products 12.0 0 - 50.7 10.4 3.2
3122 41 Manufacture of animal feeds 13.6 0 - 183.1 34.5 1.5
313 180 Beverages 8.6 0 - 64.0 10.7 2.6
3131 54 Distillation of spirits and alcohol production 7.7 0.1 - 64.0 12.5 0.7
3132 108 Manufacture of wines 8.4 0 - 42.5 8.8 1.5
3133 8 Manufacture of malt liquors and malt 22.1 9 - 51.9 17.3 0.2
3134 10 Soft drinks and mineral waters 7.1 0 - 18.3 7.3 0.2
314 9 Tobacco manufacturing 47.3 18.2 - 81.9 26.1 0.1
32 1,444 Textile, wearing apparel and leather industries 8.6 0 - 17 3.7 73.6
321 1,059 Textiles 8.5 0 - 13 3.3 36.9
3211 591 Textile spinning, weaving and finishing 7.3 0 - 12.5 3.0 12.0
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 183
Applied rate
Simple
averageRangeStandard
deviationImports
1998ISICCodeNumber
of linesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (US$ billion)
3212 98 Made-up textile goods except wearing apparel 10.3 2 - 13 2.8 4.0
3213 226 Knitted and crocheted fabrics 11.7 6.5 - 13 1.6 17.9
3214 39 Carpets and rugs 8.4 4 - 11 2.1 1.6
3215 24 Cordage, rope, etc 9.7 5.8 - 12 1.4 0.2
3219 81 Textiles n.e.c. 6.0 3.2 - 11 2.0 1.4
322 225 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear 11.6 0 - 13 3.0 24.4
323 102 Leather products, except footwear and wearing apparel 3.2 0 - 9.7 2.4 6.5
3231 40 Tanning and dressing of leather 3.1 0 - 6.5 2.3 2.4
3232 31 Fur dressing and dying 1.9 0 - 3.7 1.1 0.3
3233 31 Leather products except footwear 4.6 1.7 - 9.7 2.7 3.8
324 58 Footwear, except vulcanized rubber or plastic footwear 7.4 3 - 17 3.9 5.8
33 219 Wood and wood products, including furniture 2.4 0 - 10 2.6 18.6
331 181 Wood and wood products, except furniture 2.6 0 - 10 2.7 10.9
3311 133 Sawmills and woodmills 2.6 0 - 10 3.0 8.8
3312 16 Wooden case containers and cane ware 3.0 0 - 4.7 1.3 0.7
3319 32 Wood and cork products 2.0 0 - 4.7 2.2 1.5
332 38 Manuf. of furniture & fixtures, except primarily of
metal1.8 0 - 5.6 1.8 7.6
34 241 Paper, paper products, printing and publishing 3.6 0 - 8 2.3 14.8
341 200 Paper products 3.8 0 - 7.5 2.2 11.5
3411 132 Pulp, paper and paperboard 3.3 0 - 7 2.1 8.8
3412 9 Containers, paper boxes, paperboard 5.1 4 - 6 1.1 0.5
3419 59 Articles n.e.s.(stationery) 4.6 0 - 7.5 2.2 2.2
342 41 Printing and publishing and allied industries 3.0 0 - 8 2.8 3.3
35 1,795 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber, plastics 4.7 0 - 41.7 3.8 90.3
351 1,153 Industrial chemicals 5.3 0 - 41.7 3.6 38.5
3511 820 Basic industrial chemicals 5.0 0 - 41.7 3.6 24.0
3512 63 Fertilizers and pesticides 5.0 0 - 8.8 2.4 2.1
3513 270 Synthetic resins, plastic materials except glass 6.2 0 - 11.3 3.5 11.7
352 423 Other chemicals, incl. pharm. 3.4 0 - 22 3.6 25.0
3521 32 Paints, varnishes and lacquers 5.3 0 - 6.5 2.2 0.8
3522 142 Drugs and medicines 1.4 0 - 12.1 2.8 15.2
3523 37 Soaps 2.2 0 - 6.5 2.7 2.1
3529 212 Other chemicals n.e.s. 4.7 0 - 22 3.6 7.0
353 62 Petroleum refineries 2.1 0 - 6.5 2.1 13.3
354 17 Manuf. of miscellaneous petroleum & coal products 0.4 0 - 6 1.5 0.9
355 105 Rubber products 5.5 0 - 17 5.7 7.0
3551 30 Tyre and tube industries 3.5 0 - 4.5 1.5 3.3
3559 75 Rubber products n.e.s. 6.2 0 - 17 6.6 3.7
356 35 Manufacture of plastic products n.e.s. 5.9 0 - 6.5 1.6 5.6
36 294 Non-metallic mineral products except of petrol. & coal 3.8 0 - 12 2.8 7.5
361 25 Pottery and china 5.9 3 - 12 2.3 1.6
362 137 Manufacture of glass and glass products 4.8 0 - 11 3.0 2.9
369 132 Other non-metallic mineral products 2.4 0 - 7 2.1 3.0
3691 34 Structural clay products 3.9 0 - 7 2.0 0.6
3692 10 Cement, lime and plaster 1.7 1.7 - 1.7 0.0 0.5
Table AIV.2 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/72 Trade Policy Review
Page 184
Applied rate
Simple
averageRangeStandard
deviationImports
1998ISICCodeNumber
of linesDescription
(%) (%) (%) (US$ billion)
3699 88 Non-metallic mineral products 1.9 0 - 7 1.9 1.9
37 776 Basic metal industries 2.8 0 - 10 2.0 50.0
371 521 Iron and steel basic industries 2.7 0 - 7 1.2 15.0
372 255 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 2.9 0 - 10 3.0 35.1
38 2,785 Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 2.6 0 - 22 2.8 301.5
381 354 Fabricated metal products, except machinery & equip. 3.0 0 - 8.5 1.6 13.1
3811 92 Manufacture of cutlery and hardware 3.2 0 - 8.5 2.1 3.8
3812 18 Metal furniture and fixtures 0.8 0 - 3.7 1.4 0.9
3813 37 Structural metal products 2.9 2.1 - 7 1.2 2.1
3819 207 Fabricated metal prod. except mach. & equip. n.e.c. 3.1 0 - 7 1.3 6.3
382 1,017 Non-electrical machinery incl. computers 1.7 0 - 9.7 1.4 106.6
3821 38 Engines and turbines 3.7 0 - 6 1.7 2.0
3822 26 Agricultural machinery 1.4 0 - 7 1.6 0.7
3823 220 Metal and woodworking machinery 2.2 0 - 4.5 0.8 11.1
3824 223 Special industrial machinery 1.3 0 - 6 0.9 12.4
3825 76 Office machinery 0.8 0 - 3 1.0 58.6
3829 434 Non-electrical machinery and equipment 1.7 0 - 9.7 1.7 21.8
383 679 Electrical machinery apparatus, appliances & supplies 3.0 0 - 14 3.4 86.8
3831 157 Electrical motors and apparatus 2.1 0 - 4.7 1.3 13.4
3832 321 Radio, television and communication equipment 3.6 0 - 14 4.6 57.7
3833 44 Electrical appliances and houseware 2.7 0 - 6.9 0.9 3.0
3839 157 Electrical apparatus n.e.s. 3.0 0 - 5.7 1.4 12.8
384 354 Transport equipment 4.2 0 - 22 4.6 64.2
3841 63 Shipbuilding and repairing 1.6 0 - 6.2 1.4 3.3
3842 40 Railway and tramway 1.8 0 - 3.7 0.6 0.9
3843 164 Motor vehicles 6.3 0 - 22 5.5 40.1
3844 34 Motorcycles and bicycles 6.1 0 - 15 3.2 5.1
3845 47 Aircraft manufacture 1.7 0 - 7.7 2.0 14.4
3849 6 Other transport equipment n.e.c. 1.5 0 - 2.7 1.2 0.4
385 381 Professional and scientific equipment 2.2 0 - 6.7 1.9 30.8
3851 223 Prof., scientific, measuring equipment 1.4 0 - 6 1.5 18.8
3852 93 Photographic and optical goods 3.0 0 - 6.7 1.8 7.4
3853 65 Watches and clocks 3.7 0 - 6 1.6 4.6
39 308 Other manufacturing industries 3.1 0 - 17 2.2 23.5
3901 21 Jewellery and related articles 1.5 0 - 4.7 1.6 2.7
3902 35 Musical instruments 3.2 1.7 - 4 0.5 0.8
3903 38 Sporting goods 4.1 0 - 17 4.1 3.7
3909 214 Other manufacturing n.e.c. 3.1 0 - 11.9 1.8 16.3
4 1 Electricity, gas and water 0.0 0 - 0 0.0 0.8
Note: Figures exclude in-quota tariff rates.
Source : WTO Secretariat calculations, based on data provided by the European Commission.The European Union WT/TPR/S/72
Page 185
Table AIV.3
Summary of intra-EU air transport packages
Scope1st package
(From 1 January 1988)
International scheduled passenger
transport2nd package
(From 1 November 1990)
International scheduled passenger
transport3rd package
(From 1 January 1993)
Intra-Community air transport
Fares Fare type % of Fares approved
ref. fare by States
Discount 6-90 AutomaticallyDeep discount 45-65 AutomaticallyAll other Dbl. approvalFare type % of Fares approved
ref. fare by States
Fully flexible 106 Unless double
disapproval
Normal econ. 95-105 Automatically
Discount 80-94 Automatically
Deep discount 30-79 Automatically
All other if dbl. approvalFree pricing
However, provisions made forMember States and/or theCommission to intervene against:- excessive basic fares (in 
relation to long term fully 
allocated costs)
- sustained downward 
development of fares
Designation Multiple designation by a state allowed if:
- 250,000 pass (1st year after notification)
- 200,000 pass or 1,200 rt flights (2nd year)
- 180,000 pass or 1,000 rt flights (3rd year)Multiple designation by a state allowed if:
- 140,000 pass or 800 rt flights (from Jan 91)
- 100,000 pass or 600 rt flights (from Jan 92)No longer applicable
Capacity Capacity shares between States
45/55% (from Jan 88)40/60% (from Oct 89)Capacity shares of a State of up to 60%
Capacity can be increased by 7.5% per yearUnrestricted
Route access -3rd/4th Freedom region to hub routes 
permitted
-5th Freedom traffic allowed up to 30% of 
capacity
- Additional 5th Freedom rights for Irish and 
Portuguese
- Combination of points allowed.  Some 
exemptions-3rd/4th Freedom between all airports
5th Freedom traffic allowed up to 50% of
     capacity
- Public service obligations and certain protection
for new regional routes
-A  3rd/4th Freedom service can be matched by an
airline from the other State
- Scope for traffic distribution rules on
restrictions related to congestion andenvironmental protection- Full access to international
and domestic routes within theEU including routes between
states other than the base of 
the carrier
- Exemptions for Greek islands
and Azores
- Cabotage is allowed for up to
50% of capacity if thedomestic sector is combinedwith a route to the homecountry
- Cabotage is unrestricted 
from April 1997
- More developed public 
service obligations and certain
protection for new thinregional routes
- More developed scope for
traffic distribution rules andrestrictions related tocongestion and environmentalprotection
CompetitionrulesGroup exemptions regarding
- Some capacity coordinations- Tariff consultations- Slot allocation at airports
- Common computer reservation systems
- Ground handling of aircraft, freight,
passengers, and inflight catering
- Some sharing of pool revenuesGroup exemptions regarding
- Some capacity coordinations- Tariff consultations- Slot allocation at airports
- Common computer reservation systems
- Ground handling of aircraft, freight, passengers,
and inflight cateringGroup exemptions regarding
- Some schedule coordinations- Tariff consultations- Slot allocation at airports
- Common computer
reservation systems
- Joint operation of new thin
routes
Licensing of
air carriersNot provided for in the 1st and 2nd packages Full freedom to start an airline
- Uniform conditions across EU- Concept of Community
ownership and control replaces national ownership and control
- Requirements for financial 
fitness specified
- Small carriers subject to looser
regulatory requirements
Air cargo Largely deregulated under February 1991 Regulation;  free access (except cabotage) and free pricing Replaces 1991 Regulation
Source : European Communities (1997c).
__________