WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/CTE/W/195
20 June 2001
(01-3087)
Committee on Trade and Environment
ITEM 4:  PROVISIONS OF THE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM WITH RESPECT
TO THE TRANSPARENCY OF TRADE MEASURES USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
PURPOSES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES AND REQUIREMENTS,
WHICH HAVE SIGNIFICANT TRADE EFFECTS
Environmental Database for 2000
Note by the Secretariat
1. This Note contains the WTO Environmental Database (EDB) for 2000.1  T h e  E D B  w a s
established in 19982 in fulfilment of the recommendation in the 1996 Report of the CTE to the
Singapore Ministerial Conference (WT/CTE/1) for the Secretariat to compile and update annually allenvironment-related notifications to the WTO.  This Note constitutes a list of environment-related
measures or provisions that were notified under the WTO agreements in 2000.  It has been prepared in
accordance with the views expressed by Members on WT/CTE/W/46, using the search methodology
adopted in WT/CTE/W/78,
3 and building on the search words set out in WT/CTE/W/102.  The list of
search words is attached as Annex I to this Note; the list of abbreviations is contained in Annex II.
I. NOTIFICATIONS
2. During the preparation of this Note, the Secretariat searched the 2,244 documents issued in
respect to the notifications submitted by Members under the various WTO Agreements in 2000.4  The
notifications included in this Note specified envi ronment as the main objective, among other reasons
for notifying the measure or provision.  The notifications are referred to below and are listed in the
attached tables, according to the Agreements under which they were issued.5  This Note also includes
references to environment-related measures, provisions or programmes in the Trade Policy Reviews
carried out in 2000.
3. Environment-related notifications can be broadly grouped in two categories.  The first
consists of those notifications that list environmental or related factors as the principal objective for
notifying.  The provisions of the GATT 1994 and WTO Agreements that refer explicitly or aregenerally regarded as related to environmental objectives include the following:
6
                                                     
1 The document containing the Environmental Database for 1999 is contained in WT/CTE/W/143;  for 1998 in
WT/CTE/W/118;  for 1997 in WT/CTE/W/77;  and for 1996 in WT/CTE/W/46.
2 See WT/CTE/3.
3 Bearing in mind the complexity and the need to exercise considerable judgement in what constitutes an
environment-related measure, the Secretariat has made this listing as comprehensive as possible, although it has in somecases shortened or summarized the relevant information.
4 The 2,244 documents in the WTO database, "Documents Online" ( http://docsonline.wto.org/ ), include
addenda, corrigenda, and revisions issued in relation to the notifications submitted by Members.
5 The search through the various WTO and GATT (1994) notifications was based on the information contained in
the Working Group of Notification Obligations and Procedures (NOP) documents G/NOP/W/2 and G/NOP/W/16/Rev.1, andthe Technical Cooperation Handbook of Notifications , the series of WT/TC/NOTIF (1996) documents.
6 The SCM Agreement as it originally entered into force contained a category of  'non-actionable' subsidies
(Article 8.2(c)).  This category applied provisionally for five years ending 31 December 1999, and pursuant to Article 31 of
the Agreement, could have been extended by consensus of the SCM Committee.  As of 31 December 1999, no such
consensus was reached.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 2
(a) Annex 2 paragraph 12 of the Agreement on Agriculture;
(b) Article 5 paragraph 2 of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (SPS);
(c) Articles 2 and 5 of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT);
(d) Article XIV(b) of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS);
(e) Article 27.2 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS);  and
(f) Article XX(b) and (g) of the GATT 1994.
4. The second category includes notifications that are not primarily environment-related, but
include reference to environment-related aspects.  For instance, notifications containing the text of
regional trade agreements may include a clause or a specific environmental provision. In such cases,reference is made only to the environmental objecti ve or criteria. The notifications might comprise,
and usually do contain, broader objectives or other criteria.
A. A
GREEMENT ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT)
5. Among the 651 notifications circulated pursuant to the TBT Agreement in 2000, environment
was mentioned as the main or among the objectives of 97 notifications, as illustrated in Table 1 (pages17-24).  The share of environment-related notifications was 15.6 per cent of the total notifications in
2000.  Environment related notifications have been steadily increasing over the years as illustrated in
the table below.
Notifications to the TBT Agreement
Year Number of
environment-related
TBT notificationsTotal number of TBT
notificationsPercentage of
environment-related
notifications
1980-1990 211 2687 7.8
1991-2000 610 5322 11.5
1980-2000 821 8009 10.2
1991 35 358 9.7
1992 36 394 9.1
1993 42 487 8.6
1994 35 508 6.9
1995 41 365 10.6
1996 53 460 11.5
1997 89 794 11.2
1998 98 648 15.1
1999 84 669 12.5
2000 97 639 15.2
6. TBT notifications contained a diverse group of environmental measures related to:  vehicles,
engines, fuels, energy saving, genetically modified organisms, organic agriculture, pesticides,
fertilizers, wastes, eco-taxes, ozone-depleting substances, hazardous materials, and others.
Notifications containing a reference to energy are included in the table if an indication to energy
efficiency or saving is made.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 3
B. AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) M EASURES
7. In 2000, 468 notifications were issued under the SPS Agreement.  As all measures deal with
the safety and protection of human, animal and plant health, treating those taken for human, animal
and plant health as directly environment related might be misleading.  They, therefore, have not been
included in this Note.  However, although it may be a matter of judgement, 27 SPS notifications,found during the search, are mentioned in Table 2 (page 25-27).
C. A
GREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES (SCM)
8. In 2000, 133 notifications were issued under the SCM Agreement.  Of these, 32 included
environment-related measures, which are mentioned in Table 3 (pages 28-49).  These notifications
covered a variety of programmes, and provisions such as environmental protection measures,
wastewater management programmes, incentives for pollution control, environment protection, re-
cultivation of the environment and subsidies for pollution prevention.  Fisheries subsidies are listed inthe table only if there is a reference to the environment (including natural resource management,
preservation and renovation, data collection, analysis and studies on these issues).
7  A similar
approach is used for an evaluation of measures related to forestry. Notifications containing a reference
to energy are included in the table if a reference to energy efficiency or saving is made, or if an
objective is to promote development of alternative or renewable energy sources, such as biomass,solar, wind, or thermal sources.  Measures related to support for biotechnology are included in the
table only if there is a direct reference to the environment.
8
D. AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
9. In 2000, 229 notifications were submitted by Members under the various Articles of the
Agreement on Agriculture.  Forty of these notifications were related to environmental measures.Table 4 (pages 50-58) includes information on these notifications, 18 of which were made under the
heading of "environment programmes" under "Green box" measures (Annex 2, para 12 of the
Agreement).
10. Among the measures notified were: agricultural domestic support for environmental
programmes, environment-friendly agriculture, biological farming, soil conservation, control oferosion, afforestation of agricultural land, gene ral services on environment, waste management,
preservation of countryside, promotion of sustainable utilisation of natural agricultural resources and
payments for special ecological services.  Measures related to support for biotechnology are not
included in the table.
11. Generally, the table follows the classification of "Green Box" measures according to Annex 2
of the Agreement on Agriculture and the notification requirements and formats set out in the document
G/AG/2.  The table also contains information on bilateral assistance projects for Least-Developed NetFood Importing Countries (LDNFICs) notified under Article 16 that contains a reference to the
environment.
E. A
GREEMENT ON ANTI-DUMPING
12. In 2000, 117 notifications were submitted by Members under the Agreement on
Implementation of Article VI (Anti-Dumping) of the GATT 1994.  No notifications were submitted inrelation to the environment.
                                                     
7 If the objectives of the measure concern income support, restructuring of the sector, modernisation of vessels
etc., it is not considered to be environment related.  An update of recent notifications related to subsidies and aids granted
more broadly in the fishing industry under the SCM Agreement can be found in WT/CTE/W/80/Add.2.
8 For example, see the notification G/SCM/N/60/EEC.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 4
F. AGREEMENT ON IMPORT LICENSING PROCEDURES (ILP)
13. In 2000, 70 notifications were submitted by Members under the Agreement on Import
Licensing Procedures (ILP).  Seventeen of these notifications listed in Table 5 (pages 59-61) were
environment related, mostly pursuant to Article 7.3 of the Agreement.  They followed the format of
Replies to Questionnaires on ILP (Annex to G/LIC/3).
14. Fourteen of the measures notified referred to import licensing requirements in accordance
with international agreements, such as the Base l Convention on hazardous and toxic waste, the
Montreal Protocol on ozone-depleting substances, and CITES on endangered species.
G. AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS
15. In 2000, 87 notifications were submitted by Members under the Agreement on Safeguards.
One notification listed in Table 6 (page 62) was environment related.  The notifications referred to a
temporary quantitative limitation on imports of wheat gluten with the goal of shifting to moreenvironmentally-friendly products.
H. A
GREEMENT ON CUSTOMS VALUATION
16. Among the 36 notifications made under Article 22.2 of the Agreement on Implementation of
Article VII of the GATT 1994 (Customs Valuation) in 2000, three notifications pertained to the
environment. The notifications are listed in Table 7 (page 62) and deal with customs procedures or
determination of the value of imported goods.
I. STATE TRADING
17. In 2000, there were no notifications submitted in relation to environment pursuant to
Article XVII: 4(a) of the GATT 1994 and paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the Interpretation of
Article XVII (State trading).
J. REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS (RTA S), I NCLUDING THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE
INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XXIV OF THE GATT 1994
18. Table 8 (pages 63-66) covers 16 regional trade agreements (RTAs) that were notified in 2000,
which had environment-related provisions.
19. The EDB contains information only from texts of newly notified RTAs. Reports on the
operation of previously notified agreements are not extracted, nor background information on
previously notified RTAs.  This is the cas e for: WT/REG65/3, WT /REG66/3, WT/REG72/3,
WT/REG75/3, WT/REG77/ 3, WT/REG80/3, WT/REG 81/3, and WT/REG82/3.
20. Almost all of the RTAs included general exceptions related to the environment.  The
measures included in the RTAs related to general or specific exceptions to trade in relation to
environmental protection, as well as commitments to cooperate on environmental matters.
K. AGREEMENT ON TRADE -RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (TRIPS)
21. Among the 328 TRIPS notifications made in 2000, five, notified under Article 63.2, contained
environment-related provisions.  Table 9 (page 67) lists these notifications, which included national
legislation on compulsory licenses, to protect the environment as well as cancellation of plant variety
protection if it has harmed the environment.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 5
L. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES (GATS)
22. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made pursuant to Article III.3 of the
GATS.
M. QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
23. Among the notifications pursuant to the Decision on Notification Procedures for Quantitative
Restrictions (QRs),9 5 pertain to the environment and are listed in Table 10 (page 68). Notifications
listed import prohibitions, quantitative restrictions  or non-automatic licensing for ODSs, endangered
plants and animals, and used vehicles under Article XX of the GATT.
N. AGREEMENT ON TRADE -RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES (TRIMS)
24. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made pursuant to the TRIMS Agreement.
O. UNDERSTANDING ON THE BALANCE -OF-PAYMENTS PROVISIONS OF THE GATT 1994
25. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made pursuant to the Understanding on
the Balance-of-Payments provisions of GATT 1994.
P. AGREEMENT ON TEXTILES AND CLOTHING
26. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made under the Agreement on Textiles
and Clothing.
Q. AGREEMENT ON PRESHIPMENT INSPECTION
27. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made under the Agreement on
Preshipment Inspection.
R. AGREEMENT ON RULES OF ORIGIN
28. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made under the Agreement on Rules of
Origin.
S. PLURILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS :  AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
29. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made under the Agreement on
Government Procurement.
T. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENT
30. In 2000, no environment-related notifications were made under the Ministerial Declaration on
Trade in Information Technology Products.
U. OTHER NOTIFICATION PROVISIONS
31. Pursuant to the GATT Decision of 28 November 1979, on Differential and More Favourable
Treatment, Reciprocity and Fuller Participation of Developing Countries, known as the "Enabling
Clause", Senegal has notified (WT/COMTD/N/11) the Treaty establishing the West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) signed by  Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-
Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo. Among the objectives assigned to the WAEMU, the Treaty
                                                     
9 Adopted by the Council for Trade in Goods on 1 D ecember 1995 in G/L/59.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 6
specifies the coordination of  national sectoral policies through the implementation of common
actions in the environment.
II. TRADE POLICY REVIEWS
32. There were 16 Trade Policy Reviews (TPRs) ca rried out in 2000. References to environment-
related measures, provisions or programmes containe d in the Secretariat and Government reports for
these TPRs are listed below in alphabetical order (Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, European
Union, Iceland, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Mozambique , Norway, Peru, Poland, Singapore, Switzerland
and Liechtenstein, and Tanzania).  Environment-related references pertain mainly to import/export
restrictions, some pursuant to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), and national
environmental and resource conservation programmes. Several TPRs contain sections on
environment-related measures and programmes.
33. The Secretariat TPR of Bahrain (WT/TPR/S/74) notes that development efforts in agriculture
have included the promotion of intensified farming, increasing food self-sufficiency and conservation,
and further development of existing agricultural resources.  Recent policy measures emphasize, in
particular, land rehabilitation, preservation of water through the adoption of modern irrigation and
drainage techniques, promotion of the use of treate d water, and implementation of legislation on water
use and management, as well as increased production through intensified farming.
34. Reference is made to the fisheries industry, which has been in decline since the 1970s largely
due to marine pollution, dredging, land reclamation, and illegal fishing in the region.  Traditionally an
exporter of fish and shrimp, Bahrain has curbed its exports of marine products in order to meet
domestic demand.  The sector recovered during the early 1980s;  in the 1990s shrimp was identified
as having a major export potential.
35. The Secretariat TPR of Bangladesh (WT/TPR/S/68), as well as the Government report, note
that Bangladesh has voiced its concerns about some trade measures used by its trading partners, in
particular, requirements on rules of origin in the garment sector, and quality requirements and
environmental standards in the food sector.  Non-compliance with health and environmental standards
resulted in sanctions on the export of shrimps and frozen food in 1997, when it was determined thatvery few processing units met EU standards.
36. Reference is also made to the Industrial Policy 1999 objectives for standards and technical
regulations, including the harmonization of national with international standards, and the adoption of
international standards for the environment.
37. According to the authorities, export bans in Bangladesh are in place mainly for reasons of
health, eco-balance, security, archaeological value, or maintenance of adequate domestic supply.
Import bans on health and environmental grounds, apply to all types of  motor vehicles and trucks.
Hence, the manufacturing age of used reconditioned vehicles must not be more than five-years at the
time of shipment.
38. The Secretariat TPR of Brazil (WT/TPR/S/75) refers to the oil crisis in 1973, when Brazil
adopted the National Alcohol Programme, PROALCOOL.  Its main objective was to increase the
production of fuel alcohol in order to reduce Brazil's dependence on imported fuels in the face of theincrease in international oil prices.  In recent years, the programme has been justified on the basis of
the benefits derived from the production and use of a fuel that is clean and renewable, and the
importance of preserving jobs in the alcohol industry. In this regard, Brazil's large alcohol programme
now emphasises environmental, rather than self-sufficiency objectives.  To support the programme,
the mandatory content of anhydrous alcohol in gasoline was increased to 24 per cent effective from 15June 1998.  Also, the Green Fleet Law of 1998 provides for the substitution, over five years, of
gasoline powered vehicles owned by the public sector  by vehicles fuelled by hydrous alcohol.  TheWT/CTE/W/195
Page 7
law also stipulates that vehicles bought under the benefit of a fiscal incentive, such as taxis, must be
equipped with engines run on renewable fuels.
39. The report of the Government of Canada (WT/TPR/G/78) notes that the concerns about
changes that accompany impacts of globalisation on sovereignty, social policies, the environment, and
national identities resonate as much in Canada as elsewhere.  It states that the WTO cannot address allof these concerns by itself.  Many issues can be addressed better in other fora.  With respect to the
environment, the Canadian Government will conti nue to support the work of the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP).
40. The Secretariat TPR of Canada (WT/TPR/S/78)  notes that Canada was a participant in the
negotiations to conclude the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD), and will be affected by its framework of rules and obligations upon ratification.  On
conclusion of the negotiations on the Protocol, Canada recognised the right of every country to restrictthe import of living modified organisms (LMO) that would harm its biodiversity.  That is why Canada
supports the precautionary approach, which allows nations to take action even in the absence of full
scientific certainty.  Quantitative restrictions and controls on trade are in most cases designed to
ensure national security, safeguard consumer health and morality, or to preserve domestic plant and
animal life and the environment.
41. Environmental jurisdiction in Canada is shared between federal and provincial/territorial
levels of the government.  Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), the importation
or manufacture of any item not listed on the Domestic Substance List is subject to a notification and
assessment procedure.  The CEPA was amended in  1999 giving increased power to the Federal
Government to control the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and hazardous recyclablematerial, as well as new power to control the import, export, and transit of non-hazardous wastes for
final disposal.
42. Among recent international developments, Canada has signed, but not ratified the Kyoto
Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on C limate Change (UNFCCC).  Under the Kyoto
Protocol, the Government is committed to reduci ng emissions to 6 per cent below the 1990 levels
between 2008 and 2012, an ambitious objective given that greenhouse emissions have continued to
increase.  Canada will not ratify the Protocol until the National Implementation Strategy has been
fully developed and the necessary international conditions are in place.  Canada believes that to meet
the broad objectives of the UNFCCC, there must  be broad participation in mitigation activities by all
major global economies, including key developing countries, and that the Protocol should allow
countries maximum flexibility in determining their mitigation approaches.
43. One of Canada's recent TBT notifications relates to the introduction of an environmental
assessment process for foods, drugs, and cosmetics that are micro-organisms, cultured cells, or
products derived from micro-organisms, cultured cells, "transgenic" animals or plants under the Food
and Drugs Act ("transgenic" organisms are also referred to as GMOs or LMOs).  These regulations
are expected to enter into force in 2001. In May 2000, Canada communicated information on a project
to develop a voluntary labelling standard for goods derived from biotechnology.  The project involvesthe Canadian General Standards Board developing a standard to provide consumers with consistent
information, and further guidance to the food industries.  The project is on behalf of the food industry
and with the support of the Government.  There are guidelines  in place for the labelling of foods,
including those derived through biotechnology.  Thes e provisions require labelling of a product when
the product "differs significantly from its traditional counterpart in terms of nutritional content,composition, intended use, or if the food carries a health or safety risk (e.g. allergenicity)".
44. The Government report of the European Uni on (WT/TPR/G/72) refers to the development of
a coherent  rural policy under the reform package "Agenda 2000", which has been accompanied by a
re-organisation of the existing rural policy instruments and includes environmental measures.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 8
45. Both the Government and the Secretariat TPRs refer to the EU commitment to sustainable
development, which is reflected in its environment and development-related proposals for a new
round.  The European Commission's preparations include the launch of a Sustainability Impact
Assessment (SIA), an exercise which will continue throughout the course of a new round.
46. The Government report notes that, in regard to the continued case for a new round, the
potential interlinkages of the trading system with the environment, sustainable development, social
issues and consumer health and safety need to be addressed in a way that safeguards both the trading
system and these concerns.  Important trade and environment issues, such as the need to clarify the
relationship between WTO rules and trade related measures taken for the protection of the
environment, should also be addressed.
47. Reference is made in both the Government and the Secretariat reports to sustainable
development under preferential trade agreements and arrangements.  In order to contribute tosustainable development, the EU Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) offers additional
preferences to countries which comply with certain internationally-agreed social and environmental
standards.  The special incentive arrangement is available to countries adhering to standards set by the
International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO), and consists of preferences for selected products
originating in tropical forests.
48. The Secretariat TPR of the European Union (WT/TPR/S/72) notes that  a sustainability
impact assessment (SIA) was carried out on the mandate for the proposed Millennium Round in order
to integrate more closely environmental protection requirements in Community policies in accordance
with Article 6 of the EC Treaty.
49. Reference is made to products placed on the Community market, whether imported or of
Community origin, that must comply with the relevant regulations, where they exist, to meet health,
safety, and environmental objectives (e.g. car emission objectives).  Measures that apply on the
Community market to protect consumer, environment or animal welfare generally concern exports as
well as imports.  For example, controls on trade of dangerous chemicals apply both to imports and
exports, while measures to implement the Montreal Protocol or the Basel Convention affect bothimports and exports of covered products.
50. The placement and use of dangerous substances on the Community market, including by
importation, is strictly regulated to protect the public.  The list of covered substances is regularly up-
dated for technical progress.  In 1999, the EU banned, as from 2005, remaining uses of chrysotile
asbestos, invoking the fact that all forms of asbestos are proven carcinogens, and following the bans
introduced to some degree by nine of the 15 Member States.  Five of the six types of asbestos had
already been banned in the EU in 1991.
51. The EU also controls the trade of dangerous chemicals through a common system of
notification and information for imports from, and e xports to, third countries of certain chemicals that
are banned or severely restricted due to their effects on human health and the environment.  For these
chemicals, the Community applies the international notification and prior informed consent (PIC)
procedure established by UNEP and FAO.
52. Measures for protection of species include a prohibition on imports of whales and other
cetacean products for commercial purposes, and a pr ohibition on imports of skins of seal pups.  Since
1984, the EU applies trade regulations, including prohibitions and licensing requirements to
implement the provisions of CITES.  According to  the requirements of the International Commission
for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), as from 1994, the EU implemented a system for thestatistical monitoring of trade in bluefin tuna, and prohibited imports of such tuna from Belize,
Honduras, and Panama in 1998.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 9
53. As from 1988, the EU implemented the Montreal Protocol, as well as the subsequent
amendments, to control the production, importation, exportation, use and recovery of ozone-depleting
substances, including prohibitions and licensing requirements.  In particular, imports of certain
controlled substances and of products containing such substances from a State not Party to the
Montreal Protocol are prohibited, and products produced with, but not containing, such substancesmay be restricted by the Community.  As from 1994, the EU implemented the Basel Convention to
control the export, import, and disposal of hazardous wastes, and also controls the movement of
radioactive waste by prohibitions and licensing requirements.
54. The authorisation for GMO product placement on the market of a Member State applies
throughout the Community.  A Member State may not, on grounds related to the notification and
written consent of deliberate release, prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of the
authorized GMO product.  However, where a Member State has justifiable reason that the authorizedGMO product constitutes a risk to human health or the environment, it may provisionally restrict or
prohibit the use or sale by invoking a safeguard clause under Article 16 of Directive 90/220/EC.  The
Commission and Member States are informed and a decision must be taken under Article 21 of that
Directive.
55. A voluntary European eco-label (the "Daisy")  award scheme has been in place since 1992.
The label may be awarded to a manufacturer or importer of a product whose life cycle meets the
ecological criteria established by the Commission.  The labels are normally valid for three years and
then subject to revision for technical progress.  The eco-label is subject to an annual fee of 0.15 per
cent of the annual volume of sales, although the competent authority has the discretion to reduce the
fee by up to 20 per cent.  To date, 55 "licences" for the use of the logo have been granted to 40manufacturers and two importers for 240 products.
56. The Commission has proposed to establish the European Eco-label Organisation (EEO) to
develop the ecological criteria, and the assessment and compliance verification requirements, and also
promote the eco-label.  The Commission has established ecological criteria for 15 product groups:
washing machines, refrigerators, tissue paper, dishwashers, soil improvers, bed mattresses, indoorpaints and varnishes, footwear, textile products, personal computers, laundry detergents, detergents
for dishwashers, copying paper, light bulbs, and portable computers.  For example, on footwear, the
ecological criteria include the product itself, as well as the production process for inputs (e.g. waste-
water treatment from leather tanning sites), and the use of recycled material for the packaging of the
final product.
57. According to the EU notification to the WTO on subsidies, a Cohesion Fund was established
in 1993, to finance transport and environment infrastructure in the Member States whose per capitaGDP is less than 90 per cent of the EU average, namely Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain.  The
fifth framework programme of the EU in the fiel d of research and technological development for
1998-2002 finances the quality of life and management of living resources, energy, environment and
sustainable development.
58. The Government TPR of Iceland (WT/TPR/G/65) states that as a nation heavily dependent on
the utilisation of renewable natural resources, Iceland is firmly committed to the objectives of
sustainable development.  Trade liberalisation and environmental conservation must develop in
harmony through multilateral cooperation if this is to be realised.  In this respect, reference is made to
the fisheries sector, where Iceland has a successful experience and sound knowledge in resource
management, including economically and environmentally efficient arrangements.
59. The Secretariat TPR of Iceland (WT/TPR/S/65) notes that as a result of discussions in the
WTO Committee on Trade and Environment on the relationship between fisheries, subsidies and
trade, Iceland proposed that the elimination of subsidies on fisheries be part of any upcoming WTO
negotiations.  The proposal considers that government subsidies contribute to the overcapacity of theWT/CTE/W/195
Page 10
global fishing fleet, distort trade and prices, seriously undermine sustainable utilisation of fish stocks,
and hamper sustainable development.
60. The report also notes Iceland's aim to integrate environmental issues with agricultural policies
in the Agricultural Agreements Programme.
61. Iceland is a Party to the Montreal Protocol.  Iceland is not a Party to the Kyoto Protocol.
Iceland participates in various European eco-labelling schemes.  There is currently no overall
legislation on environmental issues in Iceland.  However, the environment is covered by a number of
existing laws and regulations, including the Food Act of 1995;  the Animal Protection Act of 1994, as
amended; the Obligation of the Government to Provide the Public with Information on Environmental
Affairs Act of 1993;  the Environmental Impact Assessment Act of 1993;  the Pollution Control
Regulations of 1992;  the Fisheries Management Act of 1990;  the Measures against Pollution from
Single-Use Beverage Containers of 1989;  the Toxic and Hazardous Chemical Substances Act of
1988, as amended;  and the Radiation Protection Act of 1985.
62. Regulation No. 656/1997 implements the control measures agreed by Parties to the Montreal
Protocol.  Import licences are required for HCFC s since April 1995; the importation of HCFCs is
subject to a quota system requiring administrative approval prior to import.  According to the
authorities, import licences for manufactured products under certain custom codes, which may containHCFCs, CFCs or halon, are designed to ensure th at no such goods are imported; import licences for
recycled or reused HCFCs are intended to ensure that the substance meets minimum requirements for
purity, to check on the country of origin of the substance and to control quantities. Iceland does not
produce any ozone-depleting substances.  Import of other ozone-depleting substances is banned.
Importation of aerosols containing CFCs has been banned since 1 January 1990; as have imports ofCFCs for insulation since 1 January 1994.  Respectively, import and sale of limited amounts of
metered dose inhalers containing CFCs is granted on a yearly basis.  Administrative approval is
required prior to import of manufactured products that may contain ozone-depleting substances, such
as refrigerators and portable fire extinguishers.  The overall amount of allowable HCFCs is published
in Regulation No. 656/1997, which follows the EU pha se-out policy.  Quotas are allocated by the
Environment and Food Agency of Iceland on a yearly basis for the period from 1 January to 31
December.  The quota allocated to each country is not published, nor the maximum amount allocated
to each importer.
63. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of projects in a number of areas has been mandatory
since 1994.  A number of factors are taken into account for assessments: the nature, size and location
of the project, and the activities resulting from it.
64. The Government TPR of Japan (WT/TPR/G/76) states that in order to create a new basis for
development in the 21st century, the Government will focus on four areas:  promotion of the
Information Technology Revolution;  measures for environmental issues;  measures for the aging
society;  and provision of city infrastructures.
65. The report notes the importance of the fulfilment of the multifunctional role of agriculture,
including conservation of land and the environment.  The Law for Promoting the Introduction ofSustainable Agricultural Production Practices was enacted in 1999 with a view to taking further steps
to promote sustainable agricultural production harmonised with the environment.  The new law
requests all prefectural governments to establish guidelines for introducing sustainable agricultural
production practices for main crops, fully taking into consideration differences in natural conditions.
66. The report also notes the need to pay proper attention to the concerns of civil society, such as
relating to the environment.  It notes the need to address not only market access, but also the issues of
global environment and the sustainable utilisation of exhaustible natural resources.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 11
67. The Secretariat TPR of Japan (WT/TPR/S/76) notes the existing licensing requirements for
imports of certain goods that are primarily for the purpose of enforcing health, public security or
environmental measures.
68. Import prohibitions cover items listed in Annex I to CITES, including rhinoceros horn, musk
and tiger bones.  There has been no change in the list of prohibited imports since 1998.  Other lawsand regulations pertaining to the environment are:  the Law Concerning Wild Life Protection and
Hunting, to prevent the extinction of native species.
69. All nations or territories shipping goods to Japa n are subject to the Law for the Control of the
Export and Import of Specified Hazardous Wastes, as well as to the Waste Management  Public Law.
70. Endangered animals and plants specified in international treaties are among the goods
requiring permission for export.
71. Pursuant to an administrative guidance to implement Japan's trade policy, the Director-
General of Fisheries Agencies, under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, issued a
letter to importers, transporters, and equipment manufacturers, requesting that tuna captured by flags-
of-convenience vessels that do not abide by international treaties for marine conservation, should not
be imported.
72. To achieve various policy objectives, including investment in equipment to address
environmental concerns and stimulate demand, Japan has a complex system of tax breaks, described
in the Special Taxation Measures Law, which has been amended annually.
73. The report refers to the three-year Programme for Promoting Deregulation launched in 1998,
which envisages the creation of a free and fair socio-economic system fully open to the international
community.  It contains measures related to standards and certifications, employment and labour,environment, disaster prevention, and safety in main sectors.
74. With respect to energy policy, and according to data collected by the International Energy
Agency, the report notes the "3-Es" policy of Ja pan, which aims at attaining simultaneously energy
security, economic growth and environment protection.
75. The Secretariat TPR of Kenya (WT/TPR/S/64) notes that Kenya maintains import and export
prohibitions, restrictions and controls only for moral, health, security and environmental reasons and
under international conventions.  Kenya delayed application of subparagraphs (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) of
Article 2 of the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing  Procedures in respect of those products still
subject to import restrictions on the basis of health and environmental considerations.  Endangered or
rare species may be imported only after approval by the relevant authorities in the exporting country
and in accordance with CITES.
76. Reference is made to the Kenyan Forestry Master Plan (1995-2020), a twenty-five year plan
supported by the Finnish International Development Agency.  The Plan addresses, inter alia :
conservation of biodiversity, forest management, rationalization of the forest industry, protection of
forests against pests, diseases, and fires, capacity  building in the forest branch, and international
agreements.  The Plan comprises an Indigenous Forests Development Programme;  a Farm Forestry
Development Programme;  an Industrial Plantation Development Programme;  a Forestry IndustryDevelopment Programme;  and an Institutiona l Development Programme.  The Government is
reviewing the Mining Act in an attempt to encourage investment in prospecting and exploitation.  The
future Mining Act is expected to provide for greater environmental protection.
77. The Secretariat TPR of Korea (WT/TPR/S/73) notes that, in response to growing concern
over the environment, measures have been introduced, inter alia , to support the building ofWT/CTE/W/195
Page 12
"sustainable agricultural zones" and reduce energy consumption.  Recent policy trends, which to some
degree reflect the principles adopted in the 1998 OECD Agricultural Ministerial meeting, indicate that
Korean agricultural policies are set to move away from direct market-price support towards direct
payments and environment-friendly farming.
78. Restricted, prohibited or high-risk item imports are subject to control or require additional
documentation on the grounds of public health, sanitation, national security and environmental
protection and conservation, in compliance with domestic legislation or international commitments.
By April 1999, the number of goods subject to clearance confirmation for public health, social
security, and environmental protection had been reduced from 6,314 items designated by 42 laws to
4,443 items designated by 27 laws.
79. Export prohibitions or restrictions in Korea are imposed to ensure enforcement of quality and
sanitary controls, as well as to meet international commitments with respect to security, e.g. onnuclear products, arms, missile technology, chemical  weapons, conservation of wildlife (CITES), and
environmental protection.  Presently, export prohibitions affect 13 six-digit HS items.  These
prohibitions are aimed at protecting animal rights (dog furskins and their products) and endangered
species (whale meat and its products), as well as preserving natural resources (uncut pieces of natural
granite stones).
80. Mandatory certification is aimed at ensuring consumer safety, as well as health and
environmental protection.  Since its previous Review, Korea has incorporated the ISO/IEC Guides
into Korean Standards for conformity assessment (e.g. ISO 9000 Quality and the ISO 14000
Environment Management Systems).
81. In the mining sector, Government assistance has been provided through grants and loans for
restructuring, regional development, and pollution control purposes.
82. In the energy sector, in compliance with EU requests, Korean automobile manufactures are to
voluntarily reduce carbon dioxide emissions of passenger cars to an average level of 165-170g/km by
2004, and 140g/km by 2009.
83. The Secretariat of the TPR of Mozambique (WT/TPR/S/79) refers to a Master Plan for
fisheries issued by the Government in 1994, which included efforts to better conserve, manage, and
develop the sector on a sustainable basis.  The Fisheries Act (1990) is the major legal instrument for
fisheries policy.  Other instruments include the Regulation for Sea Fishing (1996), and the Regulation
of Inspection and for the Assurance of Quality of Fish Products (1998).
84. In the forestry sector, while most of forested land contains only random and sparsely planted
trees of interest, the existence of some species attractive in certain market niches in Europe and Asia
has led to an increase in exploitation.  At the same time, the Government is considering the ecologicalsustainability of forest exploitation, as deforestation continues to be a serious problem.  The Ministry
of Agriculture and Natural Resources is responsible for the implementation of forestry policy to
enhance the contribution of forestry to the sustainable development of Mozambique and the
conservation and management of its natural resources.  Mozambique is a member of the ITTO and
CITES.
85. Reference is made to effective implementation of multilateral agreements that may be
hampered by difficulties in law enforcement, in particular laws to prevent exhaustion of natural
resources, notably in the fishing industry, resulting from poor infrastructure, and a number of
impediments related to geographical (coastal and land) issues and the economic environment (the
existence of a large informal sector).WT/CTE/W/195
Page 13
86. The Government TPR of Norway (WT/TPR/G/70) attaches great importance to pursuing a
policy of sustainable development domestically as well as globally and notes that trade and
environmental policies should be mutually supportive.  Therefore, the Government finds it important
that environmental aspects be taken into account in future trade negotiations.  In this regard,
sustainability reviews are a valuable means of helping to achieve the objective of integratingenvironment and development concerns into trade policies.  Norway has, for its part, initiated
environmental reviews and has encouraged others to do the same.
87. Reference is made to Norway's active participation in the ongoing trade and environment
discussions in the WTO.  Analysis of the interaction between trade and environment policies is a
priority. Identifying "win-win", or even "win-win -win" (trade/environment/development) situations is
of special importance (for example, analysis of the relationship between subsidies, trade and the
environment).  Norway also finds it important to continue studying trade-related aspects of eco-labelling and MEAs.
88. The report also notes the structural reform mesures that have been implemented in recent
years, such as greater use of environmental taxes in order to reduce environmentally-harmful
emissions and to improve the cost-effectiveness of environmental policy.
89. The Secretariat TPR of Norway (WT/TPR/S/70) states that the vast majority of Norwegian
technical regulations and standards follow those of th e EU internal market in the areas covered by the
European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement.  However, some Norwegian standards are stricter than
in other EEA countries, mainly in the field of dangerous substances.  Importation and marketing of
genetically modified substances requires approval, and is subject to, an assessment of the effects on
human health and environmental risks.
90. Reference is made to excise duties that are applied to foster environmental protection.
Mineral oil and natural gas flared offshore are subject to carbon and sulphur dioxide (CO 2, SO 2) taxes.
Environmental taxes are levied on both imported and domestically produced beverage packaging, at
rates linked to recycling rates. Environmental levies are charged on pesticides.
91. Norway is seeking to liberalise the fisheries sector in the WTO, implying also an elimination
of environmentally-damaging and trade-distorting subsidies.  Norway has ratified the Agreement of
4 December 1995 for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea (of 10 December 1982) relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling
Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks.  Norway is a Contracting Party of the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries Organization, the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Organization, and the Convention for
the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCALMR).
92. The Secretariat TPR of Peru (WT/TPR/S/69) notes that, in most cases, import prohibitions in
Peru are motivated by health and environmental protection considerations.  In addition, several
products are subject to production and trade restrictions contained in specific regulations.  Relevant
legislative acts regulate the ownership, and trade, in vicuñas and guanacos (camelidiae species);  the
prohibition of extraction of some Peruvian shells (Concholepas chanque, abalón and tolina);
protection of dolphins and other marine mammals, as  well as minor cetaceans;  the prohibition of the
export of alpacas and llamas that have won prizes in official events;  and wood extraction.
93. The Government TPR of Poland (WT/TPR/G/71) states that, in connection with its accession
to international conventions on substances damaging the ozone layer, Poland applies a temporary ban
or automatic registration of turnover in these substances and in goods containing such substances until
the end of 2001.
94. The Secretariat TPR of Poland (WT/TPR/S/71) notes that Poland prohibits imports of used
passenger and commercial vehicles older than ten and six years, respectively, for health andWT/CTE/W/195
Page 14
environmental reasons.  This is to be eliminated by 2002.  In regard to licensing arrangements for
health and environmental reasons, Poland maintains import licensing on a number of products.
Automatic licensing applies to imported halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons under the Montreal
Protocol.
95. Poland introduced new regulations on genetically modified food in November 1999.  Sale of
such food requires permission and an evaluation of risks to human health and the environment.
96. The report refers to the National Forestry Programme, aimed at expanding forests to 30 per
cent of land area by 2020 and to 33 per cent by 2050.  The Government is also encouraging farmers to
develop forests.  Assistance is provided through tax relief, grants, and access to concessional loans.
Forestry management in Poland falls under the Forest Act of 1991 and the recent Polish Policy of
Sustainable Forest Development.  Seven Forest Promotional Complexes have been established,
covering about 5 per cent of total State forests, to implement sustainable forest management.  Anotherkey feature of the programme is to survey the stock of forests and to expand public research to better
understand their value.
97.  The Secretariat TPR of Singapore (WT/TPR/S/67) states that Singapore maintains import
and export licensing for environmental, health or safety reasons (however, for food security reasons,
licences are required for rice imports).  In addi tion, a prohibition is maintained on environmental
grounds on imports of motor vehicles that are three years or older. Imports of certain items are
prohibited under the Regulation of Imports and Exports Act for public health and safety,
environmental protection, national security, and in accordance with international agreements and UN
Security Council regulations.
98. The following products were notified as prohibited from importation, to protect the
environment:  PCB and its substitutes;  asbestos brake and clutch linings in vehicles registered after
1 April 1995;  asbestos in the form of crocidolite, amosite and amphiboles and products containing
these forms of asbestos;  asbestos in the form of chrysotile except for manufacturing of gaskets;
aerosol products except medical aerosols;  certain ozone-depleting substances meant for local
distribution/consumption, such as halon 1211 and fi re extinguishers using halon 1211; halon 1301 and
five protection systems using halon 1301; halon 2402;  carbon tetrachloride;  1,1,1-trichloroethane
(methyl chloroform);  CFC 11, 12, 113, 114, 115 as a refrigerant in new air-conditioning and
refrigeration equipment except for automotive air-conditioners in vehicles registered before 1 January
1995 and domestic refrigerators;  other CFCs ;  and hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs).
99. To prevent their extinction pursuant to CITES, the following products are prohibited from
import:  rhinoceros horn, worked, unworked or pr epared, waste and powder;  ivory for commercial
consignments;  and tiger products.  Singapore has also stopped all exports and imports of ivory andderivatives of tiger and rhinoceros horn listed under CITES.
100. Singapore prohibits exports of some other products for public health, public security or
environmental reasons, as part of Singapore's obligations under international treaties or agreements,
such as the Montreal Protocol.
101. In 1992, the Singapore Green Label Scheme was launched by the Ministry of the
Environment.  It is currently administered by the Singapore Environment Council.  There are
presently 29 product categories in the scheme.  The qualifying criteria for each product category are
drawn up by Specialist Technical Workgroups and approved by the Advisory Committee and
Approving Board of the Scheme.  Testing requirements vary for the different product categories, but
are generally based on methods described in established international standards, where these areapplicable.  The scheme is voluntary and is available for a number of products except for food,
beverages, and pharmaceutical products.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 15
102. The report refers to environment related maritime transport  legislation: the Act on Prevention
of Pollution of the Sea and its Regulations and on Pollution Liability, as well as the Merchant
Shipping (Civil Liability and Compensation for Oil Pollution) Act and Regulations.
103. Receipts from tourism services have been declining since 1995, mainly due to pollution
caused by forest fires in the region and the Asian economic crisis, which affected travel in the region.
104. In the joint Government TPR of Switzerland and Liechtenstein (WT/TPR/G/77/LIE;
WT/TPR/G/77/SWI), both States refer to the impor tance of the consistency between WTO rules and
environmental protection.  Switzerland considers that the environment is a field where consistent
policies are of vital importance and supports recognition within the WTO of the objectives of
sustainable development and environmental protection.  Furthermore, it is important to avoid conflicts
between the WTO and the MEAs containing measures which have an impact on trade.  Accordingly,
the links between the WTO rules and those of MEAs and fundamental environmental principlesshould be clarified.
105. Switzerland pursues a very active policy on environmental protection and attaches high
priority to sustainable development with the aim of protecting and improving the environment for
future generations. In this connection, Switzerland has participated in the negotiation and contributed
to the implementation of most of the multilate ral agreements on the environment.  Switzerland
supports those provisions of environmental agreements that have an impact on trade, provided that
they are necessary, are not arbitrary, and do not constitute unjustifiable discrimination, or a
disproportionate or disguised restriction on international trade.
106. Liechtenstein considers that the consistency between WTO rules and environmental
protection measures must be strengthened, as the fruits of an open trading system can only be fullyenjoyed in a sound environment.  Trade liberalisation and environmental conservation should be seen
as mutually reinforcing.
107. The Secretariat TPR of Switzerland and Liechtenstein (WT/TPR/S/77) notes that import and
export controls and prohibitions are maintained on health, safety, phytosanitary and environmental
protection grounds, or under international conventi ons to which Switzerland and Liechtenstein are
signatories.  Under the Ordinance Relating to Environmentally Hazardous Substances, the
manufacturing, supply, import, and use of certain chemical substances are banned on the basis of
environmental protection, and/or public health and safety considerations.  Eco-labelling systems are
used by companies on a voluntary basis. In both Switzerland and Liechtenstein import prohibitions
also apply to ozone-depleting substances.
108. The report notes that carbon-zinc batteries containing more than 0.01 per cent mercury and
more than 0.015 per cent cadmium (by weight), and alkali-manganese batteries/accumulatorscontaining more than 0.025 per cent mercury are prohibited from importation to Switzerland and
Liechtenstein.  Under the 1983 Federal Law Relating to the Protection of the Environment (as
amended in 1997), taxes are levied on volatile organic compounds and "extra light" heating oils for
environmental protection purposes. Imports of HCFCs in refrigeration will be banned from the end of
2001, and refills of existing halon installations from the end of 2002.  The use of methyl bromide willbe restricted to specific indoor fumigation (under license).
109. Certain taxes, such as the energy incentive tax (on non-renewable energies), the Ecotax, and
another tax proposed under the "Solar Initiative" were subject to public vote in September 2000.  The
proposed energy taxes are aimed at, inter alia , reducing pollutant emissions, promoting renewable
energies and efficient use of energy, and/or supporting accelerated amortization of existing investmentin hydroelectric power plants.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 16
110. Switzerland  notified payments for ecological purposes under a scheme aimed at developing
environmental technologies.  Under the scheme, the Government finances up to 50 per cent of the
costs of eligible products.  The financing must be paid back if the technologies are successfully
commercialized.
111. The "Agricultural Policy 2002" initiative, adopted by the Swiss Parliament in 1998, is aimed
at enhancing the sector's competitiveness and furt her promoting environmental sustainability.  The
reforms pursued through this initiative have reduced State intervention in the sector.  Public
contributions to farm income through direct payments are mostly based on environmental
considerations.  Direct payments are generally based on surface area or number of animals, ecological
and production conditions, and social considerations.
112. The goals of the Energy 2000 Action Programme, launched in 1991 by the Swiss Federal
Council include:  stabilization of total fossil fuel consumption and of emissions of carbon dioxide(CO
2) in 2000 at 1990 levels, and subsequently, a reduction of 10 per cent by 2010 as laid out in the
CO 2 law.  Reference is also made to a 1996 law that  promotes the rational (including environmentally
sound) use of energy and encourages the use of renewable energy.  The Government financially
supports, inter alia , refurbishment of old buildings and special heating or solar technology.
113. Switzerland and Liechtenstein have maintained MFN exemptions under Article II of GATS
for various reasons, including protection of the environment.
114. The Secretariat TPR of Tanzania (WT/TPR/S/66) states that Ministerial clearance or permits
are required for goods that the Government wishes to monitor for the purpose of preserving national
heritage and the environment, including natural resources, wildlife, forestry, marine products, and
foodstuffs.  Tanzania is a member of the ITTO and CITES.
115. Reference is made to the National Fisheries Sector Policy and Strategy Statement, which was
adopted to better conserve, manage, and develop the sector on a sustainable basis.  The Fisheries Act
(1970) is the major legal instrument for fisheries policy.  The overall goal of the National Forest
Policy is to enhance the contribution of the forest sector to the sustainable development of Tanzania
and the conservation and management of its natural resources.  Tanzania has expressed concernsabout the environmental impact of tobacco curing, and has undertaken to work with farmers to
alleviate some of the problems associated with tobacco production.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 17
Table 1:  Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/229 Argentina Resolution concerning conditions to
be met by laboratories suitable for
conducting analysis to determine
physical and chemical properties andsubsequently issue reports on theirfindings, with a view to registering
phytosanitary productsTo create a specific legal framework to
the recognition of laboratories suitable to
determine the eco-toxicological aspects
(among others) of phytosanitary products
G/TBT/Notif.00/58 Australia Regulation covering importation of
used diesel engines designed for use
in road vehiclesTo reduce the adverse effects of emissions
from these engines in urban air quality
(among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/432 Australia Draft reports describing the scientific
assessments undertaken and
recommending addition (three linesof Russet Burbank and Shepodypotatoes commercially known as
New Leaf® Y potatoes)
to the list of approved foods in
Standard A18 - Food Produced Using
Gene TechnologyTo address human health or safety factors
and process/production methods
G/TBT/Notif.00/153 Belgium Order fixing sound levels on the
ground to be respected by aircraftsTo limit the noise disturbance caused by
the development of Walloon airport
G/TBT/Notif.00/33 Canada Order adding a toxic substance to
Part 1 of Schedule 3 to the CanadianEnvironmental Protection ActTo protect the environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/34 Canada Order adding a toxic substance to
Part 3 of Schedule 3 to the Canadian
Environmental Protection ActTo protect the environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/291 Canada Order adding toxic substances
(Acetaldehyde, 1,3-Butadiene,Acrylonitrile, Respirable particulate
matter less than or equal to 10
microns, Acrolein) to Schedule 1 tothe Canadian Environmental
Protection ActTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/368 Canada Amendment to the Energy Efficiency
Regulations concerning refrigerators
and freezersTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/411 Canada Order adding a toxic substance
(bromochloromethane (Halon 1011))
to Schedule 1 to the Canadian
Environmental Protection ActTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/3 Chile Standard establishing the upper limit
allowed for non-methanehydrocarbons in small and medium-
sized vehicles, the procedures for
measuring and controlling pollutants,the procedures for accreditation and
inspectionTo protect the environment by controlling
non-methane hydrocarbon emissions
G/TBT/Notif.00/4 Chile Emission standard for motorcycles
establishing the upper limit permittedfor total carbon monoxide andhydrocarbon emissions, the
procedure for measuring and
controlling pollutants, the procedurefor accreditation and inspectionTo protect the environmentWT/CTE/W/195
Page 18
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/218 Chile Standard establishing an alternative
testing method for the determination
of oxygenated fuels by Infra-RedSpectroscopy, which are important intheir use in fuels for vehicles and intheir possible impact on
environmental pollutionTo ensure safety
G/TBT/Notif.00/363 Chile Standard laying down maximum
permitted levels for noise emissions
for public transport buses andmeasuring tests for noise emissions
and their technical criteriaTo improve quality of life
G/TBT/Notif.00/108 Colombia Decree regulating the handling and
motor vehicle transport of hazar dous
substances by roadTo prevent deceptive practices and safety
G/TBT/Notif.00/238 Colombia Requirements for imports of ozone-
depleting substances (CFCs) and
banning their productionTo protect the environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/314 Czech Re public Order determining technical
requirements for various machinesand apparatus producing noise
emissionsTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/519 Czech Re public Act laying down conditions for
searching, protecting, utilising anddeveloping natural medicinalresources, resources of natural
mineral watersTo elevate the level of protection of
natural resources
G/TBT/Notif.00/166 Denmark Code of practice for sanitary drainage
- waste water installationsTo deal with resource minimization and
reusing collected rainwater from roofs in
toilets and washing machines
G/TBT/Notif.00/567 El Salvador Compulsory standard establishing
permissible limits for air
contaminants from fixed and mobilesources, as well as limits for ambient
air quality (emissions)To protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/67 European
CommunitiesProposal establishing that seeds of
agricultural plant species and seedpotatoes of a variety which has beengenetically modified, any label or
document, which is affixed to or
accompanies the lot, shall clearlyindicate that the variety has been
genetically modified (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/254 European
CommunitiesDecision concerning the non-
inclusion of tecnazene as an active
substance in Annex I to Directive91/414/EEC and the withdrawal ofauthorizations for plant protection
products containing this substanceTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/310 European
CommunitiesDirectives on waste electrical and
electronic equipment and restrictionson the use of certain hazar dous
substancesTo protect the environment;  to protect
soil, water and air from pollution; to avoid
generation of waste (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/412 European
CommunitiesDecision concerning non-inclusion of
lindane as an active substance inAnnex I to Directive 91/414/EEC andwithdrawal of authorizations for plant
protection products containing this
active substanceTo protect the environment (among
others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 19
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/413 European
CommunitiesDecision concerning non-inclusion of
quintozene as an active substance in
Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC andwithdrawal of authorizations for plantprotection products containing this
active substanceTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/414 European
CommunitiesDecision concerning non-inclusion of
permethrin as an active substance in
Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC and
withdrawal of authorizations for plantprotection products containing this
active substanceTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/524 European
CommunitiesDecision concerning non-inclusion of
zineb as an active substance in AnnexI to Directive 91/414/EEC andwithdrawal of authorisations for plantprotection products containing this
active substanceTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/96 Finland Decree on the information to be
supplied by the practitioner onamounts of biocidal products (eg.
disinfectants, wood preservatives,
slimicides, pesticides)To prevent consequences arising from the
use of biocidal products which might beharmful to the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/271 Finland Decree on the use of ingredients of
non-agricultural origin, additives and
processing aids in foodstuffs
marketed as organically producedand containing mainly foodstuffs of
animal originTo limit the use of authorised ingredients
in organically produced foodstuffs
G/TBT/Notif.00/113 France Specifications for fuel used in
vehicles as a diesel substituteTo provide for better combustion of diesel
and reduce polluting emissions
G/TBT/Notif.00/250 France Order establishing approval
procedures for laboratories or otherbodies with regard to certain kinds of
sampling and testing for emissions of
substances into the atmosphereTo improve the quality of measurements
for environmental protection; to extend alist of pollutants for which laboratories
can be approved
G/TBT/Notif.00/356 France Decree on collection, exploitation
and elimination of used tyresTo provide for effective responsibility for
used tyres; to prevent building up ofstocks and cease dumping of this type of
waste
G/TBT/Notif.00/342 Hong Kong,
ChinaAmendment to the air pollution
control (vehicle design standards)
(emission) regulation for taxisTo protect the environment (reducing
reliance on diesel vehicles by replacing
them with clean alternatives)
G/TBT/Notif.00/444 Hong Kong,
ChinaVoluntary energy efficiency labelling
scheme for photocopiersTo promote awareness of energy
efficiency
G/TBT/Notif.00/463 Hong Kong,
ChinaVoluntary energy efficiency labelling
scheme for household electric storage
water heatersTo promote awareness of energy
efficiency
G/TBT/Notif.00/71 Iceland Regulation to reduce allowed
quantity of cadmium (Cd) infertilizers from 50 mg to 10 mg per
kg phosphor (P)To improve the quality of fertilizers by
reducing the content of heavy metalcadmium, which is deemed to be harmful
to the environment (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/478 Indonesia Regulation on food labelling and
advertisement requiring labels
indicating that certain treatmentssuch as irradiation were applied toproducts or that food is derived from
biotechnologyWT/CTE/W/195
Page 20
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/507 Indonesia Implementation Guide of the
Regulation on food labelling and
advertising consisting of a writtenwarning on certain food products i.e."irradiated food", "food derived from
biotechnology" (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/109 Japan Revision of the Safety Regulations
for Road Vehicles to tighten
regulations for exhaust emissionsTo reduce air pollution caused by motor
vehicles
G/TBT/Notif.00/147 Japan Revision of part of the Law for the
Promotion of Utilisation of
Recyclable ResourcesTo promote efficient use of resources and
reduce wastes
G/TBT/Notif.00/438 Japan Order to designate "containers and
packaging made of paper" and
"containers and packaging made ofplastic" as "Specified product obligedto label", and establishment of a
Ministerial Ordinance to provide for
labelling standards based on the"amended Law for the Promotion of
Utilisation of Recyclable Resources"To provide labelling standards to facilitate
the sorted collection of products to
facilitate recycling and the environment
protection
G/TBT/Notif.00/561 Japan Order concerning information on
properties and handling of designatedchemical substances (volatilityhydrocarbon, organic chlorine
compound, agricultural chemicals,
metal compound, ozone-depletingsubstances, asbestos etc. (except
radiation))To enhance management of chemical
substances by business to protect theenvironment from hazar dous chemicals
G/TBT/Notif.00/572 Japan Regulations to rest rict gas emissions
from special motor vehicles (except
for two-wheels) that use light oil asfuelTo prevent environmental pollution
G/TBT/Notif.00/601 Japan Revision (requirements of
authorization to manufacture and
import, restrictions on imports,restrictions on use) of the CabinetOrder of the law concerning the
examination and regulation of
manufacture of chemical substancesTo prevent pollution by these potentially
hazar dous substances which have been
determined to possess non-biodegradability, high degree of bio-
concentration and chronic toxicity
G/TBT/CS/N/120 Jordan Acceptance of the CGP by the Jordan
Institution for Standards andMetrology in the field of preparation,
review and updating of standards in
the field of the environment (amongothers)
G/TBT/Notif.00/1 Korea Regulation relating to the labelling of
genetically modified agricultural
productsTo give consumers proper information
G/TBT/Notif.00/207 Korea Amendments to the Food Sanitation
Act providing the legal basis for thelabelling of foods and food additives
made of/from raw genetically
modified materials (among others)To satisfy public interest on genetically
modified foods
G/TBT/Notif.00/231 Korea Labelling guidelines for genetically
modified foodsTo ensure the consumers' right to know
and protect consumers from fraudWT/CTE/W/195
Page 21
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/360 Korea Act changing the current label
declaration system for
environmentally friendly agriculturalproducts (including producedorganically) into a label certification
systemTo ensure consumers' confidence in
environmentally friendly agricultural
products
G/TBT/Notif.00/407 Korea Safety criteria for electrical
appliances (cables, plugs etc.)
established in accordance with IEC
standards, including environmentaltesting  (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/85 Latvia Regulations on energy efficiency
requirements for household electric
refrigerators, freezers andcombinations thereof, as well asrequirements for their conformity
assessmentTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/114 Latvia Requirements for the content of lead,
sulphur, oxgenates, hydrocarbon,benzene in petrol and diesel fuelTo protect the environment from
contaminants (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/481 Macau, China Definition of the weight of sulphur
contained in diesel oil for motor
vehicles exclusively used in MacauTo protect the environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/170 Malaysia Amendment to the Regulation on
Infant Formula requiring that infantformula or ingredients used in its
preparation shall not have been
modified geneticallyTo ensure consumer health
G/TBT/CS/N/117 Mauritius Acceptance of the CGP by the
Mauritius Standards Bureau in the
field of certification of environmental
management (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/116 Mexico Standard (testing limits and methods)
for energy efficiency of turbine-type
vertical pumpsTo save energy and help to conserve
energy resources and the ecology (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/273 Mexico Extension of applicability of the
Emergency Standard establishing therequirements for implementing themaximum permissible noise emission
levels for aircrafts, auxiliary power
units and associated systems duringoperations on the groundTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/301 Mexico Standard (goods and services) for
labelling and packaging of cleaning
products for domestic and industrial
useTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/CS/N/119 Mexico Acceptance of the CGP by the
Mexican Institute for Standardization
and Certification, A.C. in the field of
environmental administrationsystems (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/80 Netherlands Rules relating to pollution caused by
noise and vibrations, energy
consumption, waste materials and
waste water, emissions into the
atmosphere (among others)To lay down rules effecting the greatest
possible protection of the environment
against possible harmful consequences
posed by certain facilities
G/TBT/Notif.00/119 Netherlands Regulation containing rules
concerning inspection of high
efficiency air spraying equipmentTo implement the Act on substances that
are dangerous to the environment and the
Decree on volatile organic substancesWT/CTE/W/195
Page 22
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/272 Netherlands Regulation on working conditions
concerning activities using volatile
organic substances (printing inks,varnishes and adhesive agents,cleaning agents, fountain solution,products other than cleaning agents
that are used in the repair of damaged
varnish or the replacement of varnish
layers on the parts of motor vehicles)To reduce emissions of volatile organic
substances in the graphical and car repair
sectors
G/TBT/Notif.00/282 Netherlands Regulation containing limit values
for certain substances that occur inwastewater of vinylchloride
monomer manufacturersTo protect the marine environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/283 Netherlands Regulation containing limit values
for certain substances that occur inwastewater released duringproduction of suspension
polyvinylchloride monomersTo protect the marine environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/297 Netherlands Regulation on methods for
determining the cadmium content of
productsTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/298 Netherlands Decree amending the emission limits
decree (environmental management)for combustion plantsTo protect the environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/312 Netherlands Decree on the labelling of the energy
consumption of passenger carsTo create an incentive to purchase and
market energy-efficient cars; to reduce the
discharge of CO 2
G/TBT/Notif.00/343 Netherlands Decree on the designation of animal
and plant species under the Flora and
Fauna ActTo protect animals and plants living in the
wild
G/TBT/Notif.00/344 Netherlands Decree concerning exemptions from
the trade ban on the preparation of
certain speciesTo prevent the capture of game for the
illegal preparation of the animals
G/TBT/Notif.00/345 Netherlands Decree on the exemption of protected
animal and plant species (animals
and plants of indigenous and non-
indigenous animal and plant speciesand products of these animals and
plants)To protect plants and animals living in the
wild
G/TBT/Notif.00/346 Netherlands Decree on the management and pest
control of animals laying down rules
in relation to the control of damagecaused by animals of protectedindigenous species (technical
regulations concerning rifles,
munitions, box traps and fog nets)To implement the Birds Directive, the
Habitats Directive, the Order of the
Committee of Ministers of the BeneluxEconomic Union (1984) relating to
protection of the bird population
G/TBT/Notif.00/347 Netherlands Flora and Fauna Act To protect animal and plant species living
in the wild
G/TBT/Notif.00/376 Netherlands Amendments to the implementation
Decree on the pollution of nationalwaters concerning the measuring,sampling and analysis of effluent,applicable on contamination of
surface water for pollution levies
G/TBT/Notif.00/384 Netherlands Regulations on test methods for low-
drift nozzles for the application ofplant protection products in open
fieldsTo reduce pollution of surface waterWT/CTE/W/195
Page 23
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/433 Netherlands Amendments to the Decree on the
use of animal fertilisers and the
Decree on the quality and use ofother organic fertilisersTo institute measures in respect of periods
in which it is prohibited to introduce
certain fertilisers into the soil
G/TBT/Notif.00/408 New Zealand Draft reports describing the scientific
assessments undertaken andrecommending addition (three linesof Russet Burbank and Shepody
potatoes commercially known as
New Leaf® Y potatoes)
to the list of approved foods in
Standard A18 – Food Produced
Using Gene TechnologyTo address human health and safety
related considerations
G/TBT/Notif.00/487 New Zealand Draft report describing the scientific
assessments undertaken and
recommending addition (bt-176 corn,bt-11 corn) to the list of approvedfoods in Standard A18 - Food
Produced Using Gene TechnologyTo address human health and safety
related considerations
G/TBT/CS/N/125 Oman Acceptance of the CGP by the
Directorate General forSpecifications and Measurements
established in the field of
implementation of national standardsin all fields of industrial andeconomic activity, including
environmental management systems
(among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/362 Peru Regulations on registration and
control of chemical pesticides for
agricultural useTo protect the environment by reducing
the risk of using pesticides (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/570 Poland Law on procedures related to ozone-
depleting substances and all productscontaining such substances covered
by the Montreal ProtocolTo restrict the harmful impact of certain
chemical substances on the ozone layer;to implement obligations resulting fromthe Vienna Convention, the Montreal
Protocol and to implement Regulation No.
3093/94/EEC
G/TBT/Notif.00/377 Singapore Regulation establishing permissible
maximum levels for emissions ofunburned hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides and
particulate matter from exhaust pipesof new petrol- and diesel-driven
motor vehiclesTo protect the environment
G/TBT/Notif.00/338 South Africa Requirements for the construction,
fittings and pre-installation and post-installation performance of
microbiological safety cabinetsTo protect the environment from
hazar dous microbiological materials,
organic toxins and non-corrosive volatile
organic agents (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/247 Sweden Ordinance on waste consisting of, or
containing electrical or electronic
equipmentTo promote environmentally sound waste
management; to clarify that pre-treatment
activities fulfil quality requirements alsoby using certified environmental
management systems
G/TBT/Notif.00/308 Sweden Regulations concerning the safe
carriage of packed irradiated nuclearfuel, plutonium and high-level
radioactive wastes on board shipsTo incorporate the INF-Code into national
law
G/TBT/Notif.00/49 Switzerland Law establishing basic rules and
requirements for the use of organisms
in general with emphasis on the use
of living GMOsTo protect the environment, to promote
the sustainable use of biodiversity/genetic
resources (among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 24
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/TBT/Notif.00/141 Switzerland Modification of the Ordinance on
Navigation in Swiss waters for
recreational crafts to harmonize itwith EC technical regulations andmaintain existing environmental
protection regulations
G/TBT/Notif.00/613 Switzerland Requirements concerning approval of
wood preservatives: new limit values
for benzo(a)pyrene and water soluble
phenols in creosotesTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/353 Thailand List of hazar dous substances (organic
chemicals)To prevent environmental damage
(among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/401 United Kingdom Regulations replacing the Motor
Vehicles (Approval) Regulations and
establishing a revised system ofSingle Vehicle Approval and somenew technical standards for
approving design and construction of
vehiclesTo ensure that vehicles meet high
environmental standards (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/404 United Kingdom Annexes to the Single Vehicle
Approval Inspection ManualTo ensure that vehicles meet high
environmental standards (among others)
G/TBT/Notif.00/5 United States Rule proposing an official dolphin-
safe mark for tunaTo allow consumers to distinguish
dolphin-safe tuna products using the
official mark from non-dolphin-safe tuna
products
G/TBT/Notif.00/163 United States Energy conservation standards for
fluorescent lamp ballastsTo improve energy efficiency
G/TBT/Notif.00/191 United States Rulemaking under the Toxic
Substances Control Act to eliminateor limit use of methyl tertiary butyl(MTBE) ether as a fuel additive in
gasolineTo address the threat to the nation’s
drinking water resources from
contamination by MTBE
G/TBT/Notif.00/328 United States Restrictions or prohibitions on
substitutes for ozone-depletingsubstances under the Environmental
Protection Agency’s Significant New
Alternatives Policy ProgrammeTo expedite movement away from ozone-
depleting compounds while avoiding ashift into substitutes posing other
environmental problems
G/TBT/Notif.00/497 United States The Energy Policy and Conservation
Act, as amended, prescribing energyconservation standards for certain
major household appliances (clothes
washers)To amend the energy conservation
standard
G/TBT/Notif.00/505 United States Amendments to energy conservation
standards for residential central air
conditioners and heat pumps to
require them to be more energyefficientTo ensure consumer confidence
G/TBT/Notif.00/573 United States Revisions to the accelerated phase-
out regulations that govern the
production, import, export,transformation and destruction ofsubstances that deplete the ozone
layerTo ensure safety
G/TBT/Notif.00/574 United States Requirements for zinc fertilizers
made from recycled hazar dous
secondary materialsTo ensure safety of hazar dous waste-
derived fertilizersWT/CTE/W/195
Page 25
Table 2:  Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/SPS/N/AUS/120 Australia Draft reports describing the
scientific assessments undertaken
and recommending addition of the
products concerned (commerciallyknown as New Leaf® Y potatoes)to the list of approved foods in
Standard A18-Food Produced Using
Gene TechnologyFood safety
G/SPS/N/CHL/63 Chile Requirement to carry out a health
study on the environmental impactfor eggs of salmonidae from
Canada, Denmark, Scotland, United
States, Finland, Ireland, Iceland,Norway, Sweden and other
exporting countriesAnimal health
G/SPS/N/HUN/8 Hungary Basic regulation of phytosanitary,
registration, marketing and use ofplant protection products and
fertilizersTo protect the environment (among
others)
G/SPS/N/IDN/9 Indonesia Requirements for GMO product
labelling for food in generalFood safety
G/SPS/N/JPN/56 Japan Mandatory labelling and import
notification for foods containingorganisms derived from
biotechnology, and processed foods
containing the aforementionedfoodsFood safety
G/SPS/N/KOR/66 Korea Labelling for foods and food
additives made of/from raw
genetically modified materialsFood safety
G/SPS/N/MEX/152 Mexico Mexican Standard for
Environmental Health, Water forHuman Use and Consumption that
must be met by germicides for water
treatmentFood safety
G/SPS/N/MEX/154 Mexico Emergency Standard that
establishes compulsoryphytosanitary regulations to contain
and eradicate outbreaks of the
Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis
capitata (Wied)  to areas with
ecological reserves (among others)
in some municipalities, the standard
relates to fruits and vegetablesimported from Guatemala and other
countriesPlant protection
G/SPS/N/MEX/156 Mexico Requirements for determining the
presence of viral diseases,representing a potentialenvironmental danger (among
others) in live or dead aquatic
crustaceans, their products or by-products in any format and artemia(artemia spp), for importation into
and movement within the national
territoryTo protect the territory from damage from
pestsWT/CTE/W/195
Page 26
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/SPS/N/NZL/53 New Zealand An amendment to the Mandatory
Food Standard allowing permissions
for new, and amending existing,maximum residue limits of
agricultural compoundsTo protect public health by reinforcing the
concepts of good agricultural practice
under New Zealand environmentalconditions (among others)
G/SPS/N/NZL/65 New Zealand Import health standard for cars, vans
and utility vehicles from any countrythat all used vehicles must be
inspected externally and internally,
accompanied by a phytosanitarycertificate issued by the country of
export
10To protect native and introduced flora from
the entry, establishment or spread of gypsy
moth and related species
G/SPS/N/NZL/66 New Zealand Draft reports describing the
scientific assessments undertakenand recommending addition (threelines of Russet Burbank andShepody potatoes commercially
known as New Leaf® Y potatoes)
to the list of approved foods inStandard A18 - Food Produced
Using Gene TechnologyFood safety
G/SPS/N/NZL/67 New Zealand Draft report describing the scientific
assessments undertaken andrecommending addition (three linesof Russet Burbank potatoes
commercially known as New Leaf®
Plus potatoes) to the list of approvedfoods in Standard A18 – Food
Produced Using Gene TechnologyFood safety
G/SPS/N/NZL/68 New Zealand Draft report describing the scientific
assessments undertaken and
recommending addition (five lines ofRusset Burbank, Atlantic andSuperior potatoes commercially
known as New Leaf® potatoes) to
the list of approved foods in StandardA18 – Food Produced Using Gene
TechnologyFood safety
G/SPS/N/NZL/71 New Zealand Draft report describing the scientific
assessments undertaken andrecommending an addition (bt-176corn) to the list of approved foods in
Standard A18 – Food Produced
Using Gene TechnologyFood safety
G/SPS/N/NZL/72 New Zealand Draft report describing the scientific
assessments undertaken andrecommending an addition (bt-11
corn) to the list of approved foods in
Standard A18 – Food Produced
Using Gene TechnologyFood safety
G/SPS/N/PER/19 Peru Regulations on registration and
control of chemical pesticides for
agricultural useTo prevent damage to the environment
(among others)
                                                     
10 An addendum was issued (G/SPS/N/NZL/65/Add.2, dated 8 February 2001) setting out that, as a result
of the submissions received on the draft import health standard, a revised standard had been released.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 27
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/SPS/N/USA/169/
Add.1United States Public notification of the intention
to prepare an environmental impact
statement relative to importation ofpine and fir logs and lumber andother unmanufactured wood articles
from MexicoTo examine the potential effects on the
human environment, including cumulative
impacts of methyl bromide use
G/SPS/N/USA/276 United States Guidance for pesticide registrants
on voluntary pesticide resistance
management labellingTo lead to better environmental protection
G/SPS/N/USA/279 United States Amendments to regulations on
environmental impact
considerationsTo establish a notification process for
food contact substances
G/SPS/N/USA/280 United States Amendments to regulations on
environmental impact
considerationsTo establish a notification process for
food contact substances
G/SPS/N/USA/283 United States Notice on availability of preliminary
ecological (among others) risk
assessments – Organophosphate
pesticides (Diazinon)Food safety
G/SPS/N/USA/302 United States Notice announcing the availability
of ecological (among others) riskassessments developed as a part of
the EPA's process for making Re-
registration Eligibility Decisions forpesticides (oxamyl, terrazole, andtriallate) and for tolerance
reassessments
G/SPS/N/USA/315 United States Time extension for bt corn and bt
cotton plant-pesticides registrationsTo assure that decisions on the renewal of
registrations are based on current
ecological data (among others)
G/SPS/N/USA/325 United States Notice of availability of a
discussion paper on harmonization
of treated seed policies andrequirements in Canada and the
United StatesTo develop a harmonized approach to the
regulation of pesticides in Canada,
Mexico, and the United States, whilemaintaining current high levels ofprotection of the environment and
supporting the principles of sustainable
pest management (among others)
G/SPS/N/USA/348 United States Notice on Assessment of scientific
information concerning StarLink
corn Cry9C bt corn plant-pesticideFood safety
G/SPS/N/USA/355 United States Guidance for pesticide registrants
on bee and other native and non-indigenous pollinating insects
precautionary labellingTo help ensure that pesticide products
used outdoors can be used without posing
unnecessary risks of bee mortalityWT/CTE/W/195
Page 28
Table 3:  Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures11
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/SCM/N/48/CAN Canada • Bureau de promotion des
industries du bois programme(BPIB)
• Non-repayable contributions
• BPIB (private, non-profit
organization)To encourage better utilisation of
resources (among others)
• The Environmental
Technology Commercialization
• Contributions for studies
• Joint ventures and consortia
formed by not-for-profit
corporations (environmentalindustry firms, universities and
research institutions)To provide new solutions to
environmental problems by sharing the
financial risks of developing,
demonstrating and commercializing newtechnologies through the use of first-time
pilot and demonstration projects
• The Sector Campaigns
Programme
• Contributions or repayable
contributions
• 1988 – 1995
• Environmental industries,
forest products (among others)To enhance competitive position of
certain industrial sectors through leverage
of undertaken increased R&D activity(among others)
• Cooperation Programme
• Non-repayable contributions
• Provincial and municipal
governments, economicdevelopment and business
associations, universities, research
institutes and businesses in theenvironment (among others)To improve the environment for economic
growth through increased cooperation
• Technology Partnerships
Canada
• Government's investments in
research, development,
demonstration, and marketdevelopment activities
• Private sector companies,
partnerships and businessassociations and alliances operating
in key technologies, such as
environmental technologies,
biotechnology (among others)To stimulate economic growth and
creation of jobs
                                                     
11 The description of the Measure or programme is arranged (wherever possible) as follows:
• Title of the measure or programme;
• Form of assistance, if mentioned;
• Indicative duration of programme if mentioned in a notification (if time is not  mentioned in the table, the
notification contains no reference to the duration of a measure or it says that the measure is not limited intime); if a programme or a measure has been discontinued or terminated but is still notified, that means there
were still some pending liabilities (payments, collectibles, interest rate subsidies, guaranties, losses to be
covered etc.) spilling over to the next periods;
• Principal beneficiaries.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 29
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• The Environmental Industry
Programme
• Repayable or non-repayable
contributions for activities targeted
at sustainable development andpollution prevention (among others)
• Commercial enterprises, not-
for-profit organizationTo improve the competitive position of
the environmental industry, to encourage
implementation of concepts of sustainableeconomic development and of pollution
prevention (among others)
• Support for the mining
industry
• Grants for compensation of
ecological damage and recultivation
of the environment
• Companies engaged in coal,
uranium and ore mining activitiesTo cover the costs stemming from
structural adjustment in coal, uranium andore mining activities and progressive
reduction of production
• Environmental aid
• Grants, loans for air protection,
air improvement, protection of
waters, disposal of waste etc.
• CompaniesTo support environmental protection and
improvementG/SCM/N/25/CZE Czech Re public
• Support for Agriculture
• Grants
• Agricultural enterprises that
meet the condition of having a 50
percentage share of the revenues
coming from agricultural or forestry
productionTo support preservation of non-
production agricultural activities
including support for forest farming(among others)
• Special Programme for
Strengthening of the Tyrolean
Economy ('Impact Package Tyrol')
• Non-repayable cash grants
• 1999 – 2006
• SMEs and larger enterprises in
manufacturing and service-relatedindustriesTo promote investment projects in
environmental protection, energy-saving
(among others)
• Assistance to In dustrial Waste
Water Management by Means of the
Region of Styria
• Non-repayable cash grants
• 1996 - 1999
• Enterprises in the
manufacturing industriesTo provide economic assistance for water
protection measuresG/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.1European
Communities for
Austria
• Assistance by Guarantees for
Credits and Loans
• Deficiency guarantees for
credits and loans
• Enterprises in manufacturing
and service-related industriesTo enable investment projects for the
environment (among others)
G/SCM/N/48/EEC
/Add.2European
Communities forBelgium• Deduction for Investment
• Deductions for investment
• Firms or natural personsTo facilitate investment in R&D and
energy-saving
Brussels – Capital
Region• Promotion of Economic
Growth
• Non-recoverable investment
premiums
• EnterprisesTo promote economic growth by granting
financial aid to industrial enterprises if
they invest in saving energy, water or rawmaterials, protecting the environment
(among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 30
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
Walloon Region • Aid to SMEs
• Non-repayable investment
premiums, exemptions from tax on
income, accelerated depreciation,
exemptions from graduatedregistration duty on capital inflowTo create incentives to assist the socio-
economic development of the Walloon
region aimed at achieving sustainabledevelopment and promoting job creation
• Aid to Disadvantaged Regions
• Non-repayable investment
premiums, exemptions from tax onincome, accelerated depreciation,exemptions from the graduated
registration duty on capital inflowTo create incentives to assist the socio-
economic development of the Walloonregion aimed at achieving sustainable
development and promoting job creation
Flemish Region • Aid to Economic Growth
• Interest subsidies, capital
premiumsTo grant aid for investment projects that
benefit the environment (among others)
• Promotion of Economic
Growth in the Flemish Region
• Investment premiums,
exemptions from tax on income
from immovable assets, loanguarantees
• Medium and large enterprises
(among others)To grant aid for investment projects that
benefit the environment (among others)
EuropeanCommunities for
Belgium• Tax Measures to Promote
Investment
• Deductions for investment
• R&D, energy-saving sectors,
as well as SMEsTo facilitate investment G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.2
Brussels - Capital
Region• Aid for Economic Growth
• Non-recoverable investment
premiums for specific investment
• EnterprisesTo promote investment in rational energy
use and environmental protection (among
others)
Walloon Region • Aid to SMEs
• Non-repayable investment
premiums, exemptions from tax onincome, accelerated depreciation,
exemptions from the graduated
registration duty on capital inflow
• SMEs in industrial, non-
industrial, tourism, trade and
services sectorsTo assist in sust ainable development
(among others)
• Aid to Disadvantaged Regions
• Non-repayable investment
premiums, exemptions from tax on
income, accelerated depreciation,exemptions from the graduated
registration duty on capital inflow
• Enterprises located in
disadvantaged areasTo create incentives to assist the socio-
economic development of the Walloon
region aimed at achieving sustainable
development and promoting job creation
Flemish Region • Aid to Economic Growth
• Interest subsidies for
investment projects that benefit theenvironment (among others)
• Large and medium enterprisesTo promote economic growth of
enterprises in development and bufferzones (among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 31
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Economic Adjustment Law
• Interest subsidies, capital
premiums for relocation for
ecological reasons (among others)
• Small enterprises and
independent or professionaloccupationsTo promote economic growth
• Decree to Promote Economic
Growth in the Flemish Region
• Investment premiums for
medium enterprises for projects thatbenefit the environment;  and
exemptions from tax on income
from immovable assets, loanguarantees, interest-free repayablecredits (for large enterprises for
ecological investment) (among
others)To promote economic growth
• Aid for Agricultural
Investment and New EnterpriseFlemish Agricultural Investment
Fund
• Interest subsidies, premiums
on investments (for young farmers),guarantees for loans for investment
in the environment (among others)
• Agricultural and horticultural
enterprisesTo encourage all operations which
increase productivity, maintain and
improve profitability and reduce costs
G/SCM/N/48/EEC
/Add.3European
Communities forDenmark• Agricultural Investments with
the Aim of Protecting andImproving the Environment
• EU-refunds
• Until 1996
• FarmersTo provide aid to farmers investing in
storage facilities sufficient to meetrequirements concerning spreading and
utilisation of manure in fields
• Guarantee for Loans for
Agricultural Invest ments with the
Aim of Protecting and Improving
the Environment
• EU-refunds
• Until 1996
• FarmersTo provide aid to farmers investing in
storage facilities sufficient to meet
requirements concerning spreading and
utilisation of manure in fields
• Public Agricultural and Fishery
Research Institution
• EU-refunds
• Research institutionsTo conduct research on fish and shellfish,
their environment, and their exploitationby fishing or fish farming; to consider the
effects on the environment (among others)
• Aid to Product Development of
Agricultural and Fishery Products
• EU-refunds (additional
subsidies can be granted if a project
concerns organic production)
• The scheme will be revised in
2001 – 2002To promote the development of primary
agriculture and the manufacturing sectors
of agriculture and fisheries
• Environmentally Friendly
Farming
• EU-refundsTo encourage environmentally friendly
extensive cultivation and to minimiserisks of pollution of ground water
resourcesWT/CTE/W/195
Page 32
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Environmental Friendly
Farming in Sensitive Areas
• No expenses in 1997, 1998 or
1999
• Establishment of shelter belts
• EU-refundsTo prevent sand drift and to obtain
economic as well as planning,
preservation and environmental objectives
• Organic Farming
• EU-refunds
• 1994 – 1999To facilitate transition and improve the
conditions for organic farming
• Fishing Vessels - Permanent
Cessation
• EU-refunds
• Until 1999To achieve balance between the capacity
of fishing fleets and fisheries resources
(decommissioning of fishing vessels)
• Modernization of Fishing
Vessels
• EU-refunds
• Until 1999To modernize fishing fleets thereby
improving efficiency, quality and
utilisation of fisheries resources
• Grant Scheme for Collection
and Recovery of Waste Oil
• GrantsTo secure continued economic incentives
for the environmentally sound collection
and recovery of waste oil
• The Energy Package (CO 2 and
SO 2 Taxes)
• CO 2 tax and reimbursement of
CO 2 and SO 2 taxes, reduction in
SO 2 tax for coal (revenue from the
taxes goes towards investment
grants and subsidies)To support international endeavours to
reduce emissions of carbon and sulphurdioxide and to conform to nationally andinternationally agreed environmental
targets
• Grant Scheme for Investments
in Energy Savings
• Grants
• Private enterprisesTo support energy efficiency, to reduce
emissions of CO 2
• Electricity Saving Trust Act
• Grant scheme for development,
marketing, procurement and
utilisation of electricity saving
appliances and equipment
• Private enterprisesTo promote electricity savings in public
and private households in accordance with
socio-economic and environmental
considerations
• Grant Scheme for
Reimbursement of CO 2 Tax
Expenses to Enterprises with High
Energy Consumption
• Grants
• Certain energy intensive
private companiesTo reduce CO 2 emissions from enterprises
with high energy consumption
• Grant Scheme for Investments
in Energy Savings in Private
Enterprises
• Grants
• Private enterprisesTo support energy efficiency and savings,
to reduce CO 2 emissionsWT/CTE/W/195
Page 33
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Selling of Electricity from
Small-Scale Combined Heat-and-
Power Plants or Electricity-Production Facilities, which Utilise
Biogas, Waste or other Renewables
• Guarantees for purchasing and
price for selling
• De facto time-limitTo secure payment to electricity-supply
enterprises that produce electricity from
small-scale combined heat-and-powerplants or utilise biog as, waste or other
renewables
• Grant Scheme for Electricity
Generation
• GrantsTo reduce CO 2 emissions
• Completion of Extension of the
District Heating Network
• Subsidies
• 1992 – 1997
• New district heating networksTo ensure energy savings connected to the
use of surplus heat in electricity
production are realised so that energy andenvironmental advantages are obtained
• Solar Heating
• GrantsTo reduce CO 2 emissions through
development and demonstration of
renewable energy technologies, with anemphasis on solar heating
• Environmentally Friendly
Power Generation
• Compensations for CO 2 Tax
and tax on electricity
• Changed in 1999
• Decentralised and industrial
combined heat and power plantsbased on natural gas, combined heatand power plants based on biomassand waste and, for renewable
sources such as wind power, biogas,
hydropower, etc.To compensate for the CO
2 tax and the
tax on electricity for environmentally
friendly power generation, to reduce CO 2
emissions by increasing the share of co-generation, to reduce power production
based on coal, to promote production of
electricity based on renewable sources
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.3European
Communities for
Denmark• Product Development Scheme
for the Forestry and Wood Working
Industry
• Subsidies or loansTo make forestry and wood-processing
more competitive to obtain satisfactory
use of environmentally friendly raw
materials (among others)
• Subsidy Scheme for Cleaner
Products
• Grants
• 1999-2002
• Projects that aim at reducing
the environmental impact fromdevelopment, production,marketing, sales and consumption
(incl. Waste treatment in product
life-cycle)To reduce the environmental impact of
products in all phases of the product life-
cycle
• Grant Scheme for Collection
and Recovery of Waste Oils
• Grants
• Until 2000To secure continued economic incentives
for the environmentally sound collection
and recovery of waste oils
• Programme for Environmental
Management and Auditing in SMEs
• Complete or partial financing
of non-profit projects
• Until 1999
• Trade-organizations, local
authorities or consultantsTo develop tools for environmental
management (among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 34
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Subsidy for Product Oriented
Saving Programme
• Grant scheme for development,
marketing, procurement and
utilisation of electricity savingappliances and equipmentTo promote electricity savings in public
and private households in accordance with
environmental considerations (amongothers)
• Subsidy for Converting
Electrical Heating Systems inResidences and Public Buildings to
Combined Heat and Power and
Natural Gas
• Subsidies
• 10 years from 1998To promote connection to district heating
and natural gas in order to reduce CO 2
emissions
• Subsidy Scheme for Energy
Efficient Cool Appliances and
Tumbler Dryers
• Subsidies
• 1999 only
• Energy efficient household
appliancesTo encourage procurement of energy
efficient products thereby reducing CO 2
emissions
• Subsidies to Finish Extension
of District Heating Network
• Subsidies
• 1992 – 1997
• District heating networksTo ensure energy savings connected to the
use of surplus heat in electricity
production are realized so that energy andenvironmental advantages are obtained
• Governmental Subsidy to
Promote Connection to CombinedPower and Heat Distribution
Systems Based on Coal
• Subsidies to compensate for
the increased coal tax
• 1994 – 2000
• District heating companiesTo promote connection to district heating
supplied by combined heat and powerplants based on coal in order to reduce
CO
2 emissions
• Grant Scheme for Investment
in Converting or Expanding District
Heating Plants to Use of BiomassFuels for Heat or Combined Heat
and Power Generation
• Grants
• Until 2002
• Heat or combined heat and
power generationTo reduce CO 2 emissions
• Development Programme for
Renewable Energy
• GrantsTo reduce CO 2 emissions through
development and demonstration of
renewable energy technologies, with an
emphasis on solar heating
• Subsidies for Energy Savings
in Private Companies
• Subsidies
• Industrial companiesTo support energy efficiency and savings;
to reduce CO 2 emissions
• Subsidy for Substituting Old
Heating Systems in Residences toCombined Heat and Power
• Subsidies
• Until 2002
• Residences built before 1950To reduce air pollution in cities (among
others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 35
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Development and
Demonstration of New Energy
Technologies
• Grants and loans
• 1995 - 2000To develop and demonstrate new energy
technologies and products
• Grant Scheme for
Reimbursement of the CO 2 tax
Expenses to Enterprises with High-
Energy Consumption
• Grants (reimbursement of the
CO 2 tax)
• Private enterprises which
undertake energy audits and carry
out energy saving measuresTo reduce CO 2 emissions from enterprises
with high-energy consumption
• Subsidy to Electricity-Supply
Enterprises that Produce Electricityfrom Small Scale Combined Heatand Power Plants or Utilise Biogas,
Waste or Other Renewable Sources
of Energy
• Guarantees of purchase and a
price for selling
• De facto time-limit
• Small scale combined heat and
power plantsTo secure payment to enterprises that
produce electricity
• Subsidy to Production of
Electricity
• Compensation for the CO 2 and
electricity taxes
• Industrial combined heat and
power plantsTo reduce CO 2 emissions by increasing
the share of co-generation, to reduce
power production based on coal, topromote production of electricity based on
renewable sources
• Subsidy for Product Oriented
Saving Programme
• Grants for utilisation of energy
efficient products in households and
public institutionsTo promote energy efficient products so
as to reduce CO 2 emissions
• Governmental Subsidy for
Energy Saving Measures in State
Institutions
• Grants
• Until 2000To promote energy efficient investments
in the state sector, to reduce CO 2
emissions
• Subsidy to Hydrogen
Programme (New Technologies for
Renewable Energy)
• Grants
• 1998 - 2002To promote the use of hydrogen in the
energy sector, primarily in transport
• Environmental Grants to
Freight Transport by Rail
• Grants
• 1999
• RailwaysTo secure more environmentally
sustainable freight transportWT/CTE/W/195
Page 36
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Energy Package (CO 2 and SO 2
Taxes)
• CO 2 tax and reimbursement of
CO 2 and SO 2 taxes, reduction in
SO 2 tax for coal (revenue from the
taxes goes towards investment
grants and subsidies)
• Trade and industryTo reduce emissions of carbon and
sulphur dioxide and to conform to
nationally and internationally agreedenvironmental targets
• Agricultural Investments with
the Aim of Protecting and
Improving the Environment
• EU-refunds
• Until 1996
• FarmersTo provide aid to farmers investing in
storage facilities sufficient to meet
requirements concerning
spreading and utilisation of manure in
fields
• Guarantee for Loans for
Agricultural Invest ments with the
Aim of Protecting and Improvingthe Environment
• EU-refunds
• Until 1996
• FarmersTo provide aid to farmers investing in
storage facilities sufficient to meet
requirements concerning
spreading and utilisation of manure in
fields
• Public Agricultural and Fishery
Research Institution
• EU-refunds
• Research institutionsTo conduct research on fish and shellfish,
their environment, their exploitation byfishing or fish farmin g; to consider the
effects on the environment (among others)
• Aid to Product Development of
Agricultural and Fishery Products
• EU-refunds (additional
subsidies can be granted if a project
concerns organic production)
• The scheme will be revised in
2001 – 2002To promote the development of activity in
primary agriculture and the manufacturing
sectors of agriculture and fisheries
• Environmentally Friendly
Farming
• EU-refundsTo encourage environmentally friendly
extensive cultivation and to minimise
risks of pollution of ground water
resources
• Establishment of shelter belts
• EU-refundsTo prevent sand drift and to obtain
economic as well as planning,
preservation and environmental objectives
• Organic Farming
• EU-refunds
• 1994 – 1999
• Individual organic farms,
projects to further development andimprove conditions of organic
productionTo facilitate transition and improve the
conditions for organic farming
• Fishing Vessels – Permanent
Cessation
• EU-refunds
• Until 1999 (new programme
for 2000 - 2006 is anticipated)To achieve balance between the capacity
of fishing fleets and fisheries resources(decommissioning of fishing vessels)
• Modernization of Fishing
Vessels
• EU-refunds
• Until 1999 (new programme
for 2000 - 2006 is anticipated)To modernize fishing fleets thereby
improving efficiency, quality and
utilization of fisheries resourcesWT/CTE/W/195
Page 37
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.4European
Communities for
Finland• Environment Loan Programme
for SMEs (Finnvera plc)
• Loans with inadequate, interest
rate subsidy
• Manufacturing enterprises and
tourism industryTo promote the environment protection,
energy saving (among others)
• Energy Grants
• Grants
• 5 years since 1996
• Enterprises and communitiesTo promote energy conservation, energy
efficiency and the use of renewable
energy; to reduce negative environmentalimpacts associated with energyproduction and usage and contribution to
energy security and diversity of energy
supply
• Aid Measures Connected to
Energy Taxation
• Grants
• Plants producing electricity
from wood and wood-based fuels,
small power plants, for wind power
as well as for electricity producedfrom the waste gas of metallurgic
processesTo promote the use of renewable energy
• Grants for Promotion of
Environmental Protection
• Grants
• Enterprises, local authorities,
joint municipal boards and othercorporationsTo protect the environment
• Waste Oil Management
Financed by Waste Oil Charges
• Grants
• EnterprisesTo protect the environment
• Investment Aid for Businesses
Processing Agri-Based Products
• Grants
• Until 1999 (new programmes
will be introduced in 2000)
• Businesses processing agri-
based productsTo promote recycling of by-products, to
reduce harmful environmental impacts
(among others)
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.5European
Communities for
France• Deduction of Investments in
French Overseas Territories
• Deductions from corporation
tax
• Enterprises which make
productive investments in
renewable energy (among others)To contribute to economic development
• Temporary Exemption from
Corporation Tax for Creation of
Activities in Overseas Departments
• Exemptions from corporate tax
• Companies in fisheries and
renewable energy (among others)To encourage economic developmentWT/CTE/W/195
Page 38
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Reduced Taxation of Profits
from Operations in Overseas
Departments
• Tax concessions (reduction of
profits or losses)
• Enterprises in fisheries and
renewable energy (among others)To foster economic development
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.6European
Communities for
Germany• Promotion of Efficient Use of
Energy
• Grants to develop of new
products and processes for theefficient use of energy and raw
materials and for the use of
renewable energiesTo support energy technology, the energy
industry and commercial and industrial
energy users in North-Rhine/Westphalia
• Government Aid for R&D in
biotechnology (programme
"Biotechnology 2000")
• Grants
• Until 2000
• Particular support to SMEsTo strengthen research in biotechnology;
to encourage preventive environmental
research (among others)
• Rational Energy-Consumption
and Use of Renewable Energies
• Grants, loans
• Investor or owner who buys
and operates subsidized plantTo increase demand for goods linked to
the environmentally-friendly generation
of energy on the basis of renewableenergies
G/SCM/N/48/EEC
/Add.7G/SCM/N/60/EEC/Add.7European
Communities for
Greece• Subsidies to Private Investment
for the Economic and Regional
Development of the State
• Grants, interest contributions,
leasing payment contributions, tax
exemptions
• Companies (including physical
persons engaged in businessactivities)To contribute to the protection of the
environment and the saving of energy
(among others)
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.8European
Communities for
Ireland• Scheme of Premiums for
Maintaining Pure Bred Kerry
Bovine Herds
• Grants
• BreedersTo maintain Pure Bred Kerry Herds of
Cattle for purposes of environment and
heritage conservation
• National Scheme of Investment
Aid for Control of Farm Pollution
• Capital grants
• 1999 – 2000
• Small farmersTo assist farmers to control pollution
through the provision of farm waste
storage (among others)
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.9European
Communities for
Italy• Contribution to the Realization
of the National Energy Plan Aimedat Rationalising Use of Energy and
Renewable Energy Sources
• Grants
• Public and private companiesTo promote energy efficiency, R&D,
technological innovation, environment
protection
• Special Fund for Reconversion
of Asbestos Production
• Grants
• Until 1995
• Companies reconverting their
production to eliminate asbestosTo facilitate reconversion of asbestos
production in order to improveenvironmental standards of the whole
industrial sectorWT/CTE/W/195
Page 39
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Support to Reduction of
Energy Consumption
• Grants
• Until 1992
• Public and private companies
and related consortiaTo promote energy efficiency, research
and technological innovation
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.10European
Communities for
Luxemburg• System of Aid for the
Protection of the Environment and
Rational Use of Energy
• Capital subsidie
• EnterprisesTo promote investment for protection of
the environment and implementation of
new techniques for rational use of energy
and new and renewable sources of energy
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.11European
Communities forNetherlands• Subsidy Scheme for the
Ecology and Technology
• GrantsTo stimulate development of
technological breakthroughs from whichsignificant positive impact on theenvironment is expected;  to contribute to
environmental goals such as sustainable
design of industrial production processes,integration of environmental aspects indevelopment of new products, reduction
of emissions and energy use in transport
and traffic, increase in recycling ofrenewable resources and use of
sustainable energy sources
• Test Programme Reference
Projects for Environmental
Technology
• Subsidies
• 1999 (scheme will be extended
until 2000)
• SMEsTo encourage application of new
environmental technologies that
contribute to reduction of environmental
cost of production
• Credit Scheme for
Environment-Oriented Product
Development
• Subsidies are given as loans
• Extended until 2000
• SMEsTo reduce environmental impacts (among
others)
• Subsidiegeling energie-
efficiency en milieuadviezen
Schoner Produceren
• Subsidies
• 1999 (scheme will be extended
until 2000)
• SMEs, non-profit organisationsTo encourage entities to list which
improvements (against what costs) are
possible on energy efficiency and/or theenvironment of buildings, products,
installations and processes
• "Philips Ecodesign"
• Grants
• 1995 – 1999
• Industrial based R&D and pre-
competitive developmentTo reinforce scientific knowledge for the
development of products to achieveenvironmental gains;  to achieve
integration of environmental aspects into
industrial development
• Law on Environmental Taxes -
Tax on Groundwater
• Tax concessions (exemptions
or restitutions)
• Drinking water companies,
farmers, industries that use
groundwater for rinsingTo protect the environmentWT/CTE/W/195
Page 40
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Law on Environmental Taxes -
Tax on Waste
• Tax exemptions for de-inking
residue (landfilling)
• Proprietors of establishments
where waste is delivered forprocessingTo reduce the costs of recycling
• Law on Environmental Taxes -
Regulatory Energy Tax
• Tax concessions
• Duration of assistance is
variable
• Delivery of electricity and gas
produced from renewable sources of
energyIn the interests of the environment, to
encourage renewable energy, such aswind energy, solar energy, small scale
waterpower and biomass sources
• Regulation to Stimulate Use of
Modes of Urban Transport (bothpassengers and goods) which areLess Harmful to the Environment
(Economical, Silent and Clean
Techniques)
• Subsidies for extra costs
• Research institutes, municipal
enterprises, city transport operatorsTo stimulate R&D and the application of
transport techniques in order to contain airpollution in the urban environment
• Subsidies to Energy
Programmes
• Grants for R&D,
demonstration, dissemination
• Enterprises, non-profit
organisationsTo promote rational use of energy and use
of renewable energy
• Energy Equipment in Non
Profit and Other Sectors
• Grants
• Non-profit organisations, water
utilities and Schiphol Airport,
private personsTo stimulate investments in energy saving
and renewable energy
• Subsidy Scheme for
Environmental Technology
• Grants
• Organisations, enterprisesTo encourage development and wider
application of new advanced
environmental technology
• CO 2 Reduction Scheme
• Grants
• CO 2 reduction projectsTo reduce CO 2 emissions
• Tender for Industrial Energy
Saving
• Grants
• Until 1998
• Industrial companiesTo stimulate the introduction of
innovative energy saving technologies
• Solar Thermal Systems
• 1996  – 1997
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.12European
Communities for
Portugal• Energy Programme
• Grants and zero interest rate
loans
• Enterprises, municipalitiesTo reduce oil dependency by promoting
natural gas, fostering use of renewableenergy resources, to promote energy
efficiency, to reduce energy
environmental impacts (among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 41
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/SCM/N/48/EEC
/Add.13European
Communities for
Spain• Development of Non-Energy
Mining
• Non-repayable subsidy
• Five years until 2001
• Enterprises, associations of
enterprises or institutionsTo promote development of the non-
energy mining sub-sector, ore
prospecting, mining and processing, aswell as R&D in these fields, to promoteenvironmental rehabilitation of formermining sites, to promote and develop use
of non-energy mineral raw materials
• Energy Saving and Efficiency
Plan
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1997 – 1999
• Public or private enterprises,
groups of such enterprises,
condominium owners' associations,non-profit making institutions, localcorporations, natural persons,
neighbourhood associationsTo promote energy efficiency in industry,
transport and public buildings; to develop
the use of renewable energy sources, suchas wind, solar (thermal and photovoltaicenergy), use of biomass and waste (urban,
industrial, forest and agricultural) and
small-scale hydraulic power
G/SCM/N/48/EEC
/Add.13/Suppl.1European
Communities forRegionalGovernments in
Spain
Andalusia • Aid to Investment in Energy
Infrastructure and Equipment(renewable energy, enhanced
energy efficiency, rural electricity
supply)
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1997 - 1999
• Private firms, SMEs supplying
electrical powerTo promote rational use of energy, and
the utilisation of renewable forms ofenergy, to enhance energy efficiency
(among others)
Canary Islands • Subsidies for Projects to Save
and Diversify Energy and to Utilise
Sources of Renewable Energy
• Non-repayable subsidies
• Private or public enterprises,
natural persons, non-profit-making
institutions, neighbourhoodassociations and local corporationsTo subsidize feasibility studies for
projects to save and diversify energy andinstallations designed to secure a
reduction in energy consumption and an
improved environmental impact in
various sectors of production
• Single or Specific Subsidy to
the Procasol Project
• Non-repayable subsidies
• Private or public enterprises,
natural persons, non-profit-makinginstitutions, neighbourhood
associations and local corporationsTo provide incentives for low-temperature
solar energy
Cantabria • Incentives for the Renewal of
Industry and Services
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1995 – 1999
• SMEs and business support
services enterprises in areas ofmanagement, market research and
services common to enterprisesTo promote the industrial sector, without
overlooking the necessary attention toquality and the environment  (among
others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 42
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
Castile-León • Subsidies for Projects to Save,
Replace and Diversify Energy,
Rational Use of Energy andRenewable Energy
• Non-repayable subsidies
• Public or private enterprises,
groups of enterprisesTo exploit local energy resources (thermal
solar energy, photovoltaic solar energy,
wind energy, small hydroelectric stations,biomass, passive solar energy), topromote rational use of energy (energysavings, replacement of petroleum-
derived products), to promote activities to
make local energy resources better known
and to enhance their use
Catalonia • Aid to Minimizing, Recycling
and Treating Industrial Waste at
Origin
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1998 - 1999
• FirmsTo support investment in improving the
environment, to promote environmental
assessment
• Aid to Elimination of Pollution
Load of Waste Waters
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1998
• FirmsTo promote decontamination of
discharges of industrial waste waters, to
promote the use of clean technologies
• Aid to Promotion of Clean
Production Processes
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1998 - 2001
• FirmsTo support environmental protection
Madrid • Innovation and Employment
Master Plan
• Non-repayable subsidies
• Four years until 2000
• EnterprisesTo promote business innovation and
activities connected with emergenttechnology start-ups in the energy-saving
and environmental sectors (among others)
Navarre • Aid to Anti-Pollution
Investment
• Non-repayable subsidies
• Enterprises, associations,
natural persons or institutionsTo prevent, rectify and control the
environmental impact of industrialactivity and of livestock farming
Valencia • Aid for Temporary Stoppage
of Activity by Fishing Fleets
• Direct subsidized premiums
• Owners vesselsTo allow resources to recover through
biological halts
• Aid to Ford España S.A.
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1996-2003
• Ford España S.A.To promote energy savings and
environmental protection (among others)
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.13European
Communities for
Spain• Development of Non-Energy
Mining
• Non-repayable subsidies
• Five years until 2001
• Enterprises, associations of
enterprises or institutionsTo develop the non-energy mining sub-
sector, ore prospecting, mining and
processing, as well as R&D in these fields
and environmental rehabilitation of
former mining sitesWT/CTE/W/195
Page 43
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Energy Saving and Efficiency
Plan
• Non-repayable subsidies
• 1997 - 1999
• Public or private enterprises,
groups of such enterprises,
condominium owners' associations,
non-profit making institutions, localcorporations, natural persons,
neighbourhood associationsTo promote energy efficiency in industry,
transport and public buildings;  to develop
use of renewable energy sources, such aswind, solar (thermal and photovoltaicenergy), use of biomass and waste (urban,industrial, forest and agricultural) and
small-scale hydraulic power
G/SCM/N/60/EEC
/Add.14European
Communities for
Sweden• Energy Research Programme
• Grants or loans
• Universities, institutes of
technology, cooperative research
institutes, firmsTo establish fundamental competence and
expertise, to facilitate transformation of
the energy system in order to reduce
environmental and climatic effects
• Energy Technology Fund
• Grants, soft loans and
guarantees
• Users of new techniques,
mainly small-scale private energyproducers, public utilities in the
energy sectorTo provide aid for R&D with a focus on
new technology for energy production andfor environmental protection
• Grant for New Energy
Technology
• Grants
• Industrial researchTo provide aid to R&D with a focus on
developing technology for the use ofsustainable sources of energy
• Transport and Communication
Research Through the Transportand Communications Research
Board
• Grants
• Universities, research
institutionsTo provide aid for R&D, to provide
environmental aid;  to support energy-
saving
• Support to Demonstration of
Electrical and Hybrid VehiclesThrough the Transport and
Communications Research Board
• Research, development,
demonstrationTo provide aid for R&D, to provide
environmental aid;  to support energy-
saving
• Support to Energy
Maintenance in the South of
Sweden
• Grants
• 1999 – 2000
• SMEs, technological research
institutes and cooperative research
institutes, universitiesTo provide aid to R&D with a focus on
developing technology for the use of
sustainable sources of energy
• Investment Grant for
Ecologically SustainableDevelopment
• Grants
• 1997 – 1999
• Variety of projects and sectorsTo obtain higher levels of environmental
protection compared to what is demandedby international standardsWT/CTE/W/195
Page 44
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Grant for Local Investment
Programmes for Ecologically
Sustainable Development
• Grants
• From 1998 for three years
• Variety of projects and sectorsTo obtain higher levels of environmental
protection compared to what is demanded
by international standards
• Investment Grant for Certain
Investments within the Energy
Sector
• Grants
• From 1998 for five years
• Combined power and heating
plants for biofuel, wind power
stations, small-scale hydroelectricpower stationsTo encourage use of sustainable sources
of energy within electricity production
• Energy Tax Concession
• Tax reductions
• Variety of projects and sectorsTo reduce emissions of CO 2, to safeguard
that enterprises with energy intensive
production are not burdened with an
unreasonably high tax level
• Aid for Adjustment of Fishing
Effort
• Grants
• Fishing enterprisesTo achieve a sustainable balance between
resources and their exploitation
• Investment Aid to Aquaculture
Enterprises
• Grants
• Aquaculture enterprises and
organisationsTo reduce pollution (among others)
• Investment Aid for Protection
of Coastal Waters
• Grants
• Public institutions or bodiesTo achieve a sustainable balance between
resources and their exploitation, toimprove water circulation and other
habitat conservation measures, to ensure
re-stocking of species of importance forcoastal fishing
• Aid for Temporary Cessation
of Fishing Activities
• Grants
• Fishing enterprisesTo achieve a sustainable balance between
resources and their exploitation
• Governmental Subsidy for
Fish-Stocking
• Grants
• 1998 – 2000To enhance stocks of eel and salmonids
for commercial fisheries in coastal and
inland waters
G/SCM/N/48/EEC
/Add.15European
Communities forthe United
Kingdom• Cardiff Bay Development
Corporation
• Grants
• Until 2000
• SMEs and othersTo regenerate a designated development
area, which is polluted (among others)
• Compete Programme
• Supplementary grants for
industrial and computer software forprojects bringing significantenvironmental benefits  (among
others)
• Industrial businessesTo improve national and international
competitivenessWT/CTE/W/195
Page 45
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Energy Efficiency Best
Practice Programme
• Grants
• Two or more companies
working together, fundamental
researchTo encourage development of energy
efficient technologies and techniques, to
appraise and disseminate information onenergy efficiency;  to acquire basicknowledge for subsequent development of
energy efficiency
• Environmental Technology
Best Practice Programme
• Limited payments to firms
agreeing to cooperate in technologytransfer activities
• 1994 - 2000
• SMEs, R&D supportTo stimulate an effective business
response to environmental developments
in order to improve industrialcompetitiveness and reduce pollution;  toencourage technology transfer and make
best practice more widely known to
potential users and suppliers of
environmental technology
• Environmental Technology
Innovation Scheme
• Grants
• Completed in 1998 – 1999To promote innovation and
competitiveness in environmental
technology
• Highlands And Islands
Enterprise
• Consultancy, interest relief
grants, building grants, loans,
acquisitions
• Private sectorTo improve the environment (among
others)
• SCEEMAS
• Grants for consultancy costs
• SMEsTo provide incentives to improve
environmental performance by carrying
out environmental review, implementingenvironmental management system,producing  externally verifiedenvironmental statement and registering
sites under EMAS (the EC Eco-
Management and Audit Scheme) or gain
certification to ISO 14001
• Scottish Enterprise
• Consultancy and practical
assistanceTo improve the environment (among
others)
• UK Coal R&D Programme
• Grants
• Collaborative projects between
companies and researchorganizationsTo encourage R&D leading to more
economic and environmentally acceptable
use of coal
• UK New and Renewable
Energy Programme
• Grants for creation of
alternative energy equipment
• Researchers and manufacturersTo promote R&D in renewable energies
G/SCM/N/60/EEC European
Communities• Aid to the Coal Industry
• Direct or indirect measure or
support by public authorities linkedto production, marketing and
external trade
• Until 2002
• Coal industryTo help coal industry adjust to
environmental protection standards(among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 46
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Financial Instrument of
Fisheries Guidance (FIFG) and
PESCA – Community InitiativeConcerning Restructuring of the
Fisheries Sector
• Aid to fishing fleets,
aquaculture, processing and
marketing circuits and port facilities
• 1994 - 1999
• Shipowners, enterprises,
producer organizations, public and
private bodies, professionalorganizations, cooperatives,
fishermenTo contribute to achieving a sustainable
balance between fishery resources and
their exploitation, to strengthencompetitiveness of structures anddevelopment of economically viableenterprises in sector, to improve market
supply and added value to fisheries and
aquaculture products, to contribute torevitalization of areas that depend on
fisheries
• The Cohesion Fund
• Structural spending
• Member States whose GDP per
capita is assessed at less than 90 per
cent of the EU averageTo contribute to environmental projects
(among others)
G/SCM/N/25/ISR
G/SCM/N/38/ISRG/SCM/N/48/ISRG/SCM/N/60/ISRIsrael
• Assistance for Financing of
Investment Aimed at the Reductionof Environmental Hazards at
Existing Industrial Plants
• Grants
• Discontinued in 1999
• PlantsTo promote existing industrial plants to
install contamination prevention orreduction systems and/or systemshandling factory outputs causing
environmental hazards in order to comply
with environmental requirements
G/SCM/N/60/JPN Japan • Reserve for Prevention from
Mineral Pollution of Metal Mining
• Tax deferral
• 1974 – 2000
• Persons or corporations
engaging in the mining industryTo prevent mineral pollution relating to
metal mining
• Financial measures for Shochu
B Manufacturers
• Interest-free loans, grants
• Japan Brewers AssociationTo help modernize environmental
protection facilities (among others)
G/SCM/N/60/KOR Korea • Plywood & Board Assistance
Programme
• Loans
• Plywood and board producersTo promote use of domestic wood by
providing support for board productionfacilities using waste wood materials
(among others)
• Diesel Vehicle Low Emission
Technology Development
• Government contribution for
development of anti-pollution
technologies
• Until 2001
• Research institutionsTo protect the environment through
reduction of the green house effectgenerated by air pollution, to protect the
ozone layer by reducing pollutants such as
NOx emitted by diesel vehicles
• Environmental Engineering &
Technology DevelopmentProgramme
• Grants
• Government invested research
institutions, universities, research
institutions and private enterprisesTo obtain internationally-competitive
environmental technology, to promote theenvironment industry to raise nationalcompetitiveness, to provide financial
support to research institutes dedicated to
environmental R&DWT/CTE/W/195
Page 47
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Support Programme for Coal
Industry (support for safety and
production facilities)
• Grants for pollution control
(among others)To promote pollution control in coal
mines (among others)
G/SCM/N/48/LVA Latvia • Artificial Renovation of
Private Forestry Land andForestation of Non-Agriculture
Land
G/SCM/N/60/LVA Latvia • Aid to Environmental
Protection
• Loans, capital injections
• Waste paper processing plants,
R&D projectsTo provide crediting mostly for SME
projects in the sphere of the
environmental protection and energy
saving
• Environmental Protection Fund
• Natural resources tax, a small
part of the excise tax on oil productsand consequent payments and credit
measures
• Environmental protection
projects of a non-commercial
character and for use of recycledgoods and products harmful to the
environmentTo eliminate negative consequences of the
activities subject to the respective tax;  tofinance environmental protection projects
of a non-commercial character, i.e. related
to general infrastructure
• Fisheries Funds
• Aid
• Fisheries, scientific and
research activitiesTo increase and preserve the fish stock
G/SCM/N/60/NOR Norway • Aid for Development and
Diffusion of Cleaner Technologies
• Until 1997To promote development and diffusion of
cleaner technologies
• Aid to Diffusion of
Competence and Information on
Environmentally Friendly
Production and Consumption(Former name: Aid for Waste
Reduction and Waste Recycling)To promote and develop knowledge and
information about sustainable production
and consumption e.g. waste reduction and
recycling
• Loan Guarantees for
Investment in CleanerTechnologies, Waste Reduction and
Waste Recycling
• Until 1997To promote development of cleaner
technologies, waste reduction andrecycling
• Guarantee and Loan to
Company Responsible for
Hazar dous WasteTo establish capacity for handling
hazar dous waste
• Grant Programme for
Introduction of New Energy
Technology
• Grants
• Business sectorTo support introduction and
demonstration of new energy efficient and
renewable energy technology
• Norwegian Environmental
Fund
• Loans with subsided interest
rateTo finance projects to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases and other environmental
damaging emissionsWT/CTE/W/195
Page 48
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Grant Programme for Energy
Efficiency, Information and
Education
• Grants
• Households and businessesTo introduce efficient energy technology
and energy conservation measures
• Exemption from/Reduction of
SO 2 and CO 2 Taxes
• Tax concessions for oil with
lower sulphur content, coal and
coke used for production of cementand leca and as reducing agent or as
raw material
• Complimentary to the above-
mentioned, the beneficiaries are the
paper and pulp, internationalshipping, and other sectors
• Support for Energy Saving
Devices onboard Fishing Vessels
• Until 1995
• Subsidies for Afforestation and
Silviculture
G/SCM/N/48/POL Poland • Support of Regional
Programmes
• Grants for energy and heat
supply, sewage and municipal water
treatment plants, waste disposal and
recycling (among others)
• MunicipalitiesTo increase financing of investments in
restructuring and infrastructure
• Restructuring Programme for
the Steel and Iron Industry
• Loan guarantees, grants
• 1998 - 2005
• In 1998 no beneficiaries of
subsidies in the steel and iron sectorTo protect the environment against
damages caused by the steel industry
(among others)
G/SCM/N/38/SVK Slovak Republic • Suppression Programme of
Mining
• Grants
• Companies dealing with
exploitation of coal or oreTo support technical and biological
recultivation of the environment and the
operation of sewage works connected
with liquidation of mining works (among
others)
• State Aid for Environmental
Creation and Protection
• Grants
• CompaniesTo support the environmental objectives
of investment projects of towns andvillages
• Support for Regional
Development
• Grants
• CompaniesTo finance projects oriented towards fuel
and energy savings (among others)
• Promotion of SMEs
• Loans, guarantees, grants
• SMEsTo assist projects oriented towards
environmental protection (among others)
G/SCM/N/48/SVN
G/SCM/N/60/SVNSlovenia • Support for the Coal Industry
• Grants, guarantees - insurance
of commercial risk
• Coal-Mines in Zagorje, Senovo
and KanižaricaEnvironmental aid (among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 49
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Environmental Aid
• Grants, guarantees - insurance
of commercial risk, capital
investments, favourable loans
• Commercial companies and
sole tradersTo provide investment to meet
environmental objectives (non-asbestos
production, purifying plant, changingreagents), to promote waste management(selective collection, recovery and
treatment of municipal waste)
• Support for Energy Saving
• Grants, interest subsidies
• Commercial companies and
sole tradersTo promote energy saving and use of
renewal energy sources, to promote use of
ecological fuels
• Support for Agriculture
• Grants, exemptions and reliefs
in the payment of social securitycontributions, guarantees –insurance of commercial risk,favourable loans, interest subsidies,
other sources of aid
• Agricultural companies, other
legal and physical person engagedin agricultural activityTo protect the environment (among
others)
• Support for Fisheries
• Grants, exemptions and reliefs
in the payment of social security
contributions, basic research and
development projects, other sources
of aid
• Fishing companies, other legal
and physical person engaged in
fishingTo improving stock conservation and
management, to strengthen monitoring of
fishing activities, to protect and todevelop fish stocks and coastal waters
G/SCM/N/48/URY
/Rev.1G/SCM/N/60/URYUruguay
• Forestry Law
• Tax concessions, tariff
concessions, partial refunds ofplanting costs
• ProducersTo increase the country's forest cover
using low-productivity soils, to expandand upgrade industrial plant andtechnologies for processing wood from
cultivated forests, to alleviate the pressure
on the country's native forests, and toenhance their conservation and
sustainable useWT/CTE/W/195
Page 50
Table 4: Agreement on Agriculture12
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• Donation of maize
• Haiti farmers (among others)To encourage participation in soil
conservation projectsG/AG/N/ARG/10 Argentina
(1995 – 1999)
(under Article
16.2)• Technical assistance through FO-
AR programmes to some Latin
American and Caribbean
countriesTo provide technical assistance for:
energy, the environment, fishery, forestry,
natural resources (among others)
G/AG/N/AUS/30 • Grains Research and
DevelopmentTo improve optimal use of the natural
resource base in the grains industry
(among others)Australia
(1998 – 1999)"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Land and Water Resources
Research and Development
• R&DTo support sustainable use of land, water
and vegetation resources
• Meat Research and Development
• ResearchTo further sustainable use and
management of natural resources (among
others)
• Rural Industries Research and
Development
• R&D programmesTo provide support for management of
programmes focussing on climate change
(among others)
• National Feral Animal Control
StrategyTo reduce damage caused to agriculture
and the environment by feral animals
• National Weeds Programme To reduce the detrimental impact of
nationally significant weeds on thesustainability of Australia's natural
ecosystem (among others)
• Western Australia
• R&DTo support sustainable land management
(among others)
• Rabbit Management
• Integrated rabbit control
programmesTo minimise environmental impacts
caused by rabbits (among others)
• Pest Animal Management
• Advisory servicesTo minimise environmental impact on all
lands in Victoria of actual and potential
animal pests (rabbits excluded) (among
others)
• Resource Sciences and
Knowledge Business Group
• Provision of knowledge based
and decision-support systemsTo ensure proper interpretation and
reporting on conditions of naturalresources, forecasts on implications of
various management practices
• Western Australia
• Extension and advisory servicesTo promote ecologically sustainable
development (among others)
• Tasmania
• Provision of rural infrastructure
and associated servicesTo ensure the continued development of
efficient and sustainable agriculture
(j) environmentalprogrammes • National Landcare
• Payments to StatesTo support natural resource management
                                                     
12 The description of the Measure or programme is arranged (wherever possible) as follows:
• Title of the measure or programme;
• Form of assistance, if mentioned;
• Indicative duration of programme if mentioned in a notification (if time is not  mentioned in the table, the
notification contains no reference to the duration of a measure or it says that the measure is not limited in
time); if a programme or a measure has been discontinued or terminated but is still notified, that means there
were still some pending liabilities (payments, collectibles, interest rate subsidies, guaranties, losses to becovered etc.) spilling over to the next periods;
• Principal beneficiaries.
The column on Members also refers to the notification time-period and the type of the measure or Article
under which the notification is made.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 51
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
• National Rivercare Programme
• Assistance for community
groupsTo contribute towards sustainable
management, rehabilitation and
conservation of rivers outside the MurrayDarling Basin and to improve the health
of these river systems
• Farm Forestry Programme To encourage incorporation of
commercial tree growing and
management into farming systems
• Murray-Darling 2001 To promote and coordinate effective
planning and management for theequitable, efficient and sustainable use ofthe water, land and other environmental
resources
• Australian Capital Territory
• Assistance to community groupsTo support sustainable production and
conservation of biodiversity and natural
resource management
• Northern Territory To combat soil degradation and erosion in
farm lands
• South Australia – Revegetation
• Rural tree planting grantsTo help communities initiate revegetation
projects
• Tasmania
• Provision of services to
agricultural producersTo limit environmental damage and to
encourage sound practices to minimise
soil erosion, salination and water damage
• Western Australia
• Environmental services for all
agricultural industries
G/AG/N/AUS/32 Australia
(1999 - 2000)
(under Article
16.2)• Bilateral and Regional
Programmes
• Technical and financial
assistanceTo improve agricultural productivity and
sustainability, agricultural storage,
forestry and fisheries, environmentalmanagement, management of waterresources, the provision of infrastructure
related to food security and to assist
countries to adjust to the new tradingenvironment
• Bilateral Programmes
• Specific research projects
• LDCs and NFIDCsTo underpin government policy aimed at
efficient use and preservation of
agricultural and natural resources(including land, fish and forests); to targetfood security and poverty alleviationissues (in crop sciences by developing
higher yielding food crops through use of
genetically superior cultivars,development of environmentally safemethods to combat pests and weeds; in
fisheries, through conservation and
responsible utilisation of wild marine andfreshwater fisheries to ensure moresustainable aquaculture; in forestry,
through identification of suitable fast-
growing tree species; in land and waterresources, by enhancing crop productionthrough better methods of improving soil
fertility and structure; conservation of soil
and water resources, including erosionand water management; amelioratingsalinity of soil and water, and conserving
agricultural land through better cultivation
practices and land management systems)(among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 52
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/AG/N/CAN/34 Canada
(1998 - 1999)
(under Article
16.2)• Canadian Partnership Branch
• Development programmes and
projects with people and
organizations of developing
countries
• Organizations, academic &
research institutions, privatesector firms, international
environmental NGOsTo provide technical assistance to LDCs
and NFIDCs in fisheries and agro-forestry
G/AG/N/CAN/35 Canada
(1996)
"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Management of Soil and Water
and Manure in Quebec
G/AG/N/CAN/37 Canada
(1997)
"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Mainly Management of Soil and
Water and Manure in Quebec(Including Soil Conservation
Programme)
G/AG/N/CAN/38 Canada
(under Article
18.3)• Soil Conservation Programme
• Financial incentives
• 1997 – 1999
• ProducersTo assist in reducing soil degradation due
to erosion, while achieving compliancewith new or existing environmental
protection legislation, to contribute to
protection of wetlands and water courses
• Agriculture and Environmental
Resource Conservation
Programme
• Financial and technical
assistance for on-farm
conservation projects
• 1999 – 2002
• ProducersTo assist in achieving compliance with
new or existing environmental protection
legislation
• Funding of the Institut de
Recherche en
Agroenvironnement
• 1998 - 2001
• Nonprofit corporationTo support development of environmental
protection know-how and technologies ina context of business competitiveness and
profitability
• British Columbia Grazing
Enhancement Fund Programme
• Funding for costs of research and
extension related purposes andfor infrastructural works tomaintain/enhance value of
publicly-owned resources
• 1995 - 2005To mitigate impact on ranching industry
of new comprehensive regional land use
plans and resource conservationrequirements; to establish a new ForestPractices Code strengthening
environmental/conservation restrictions
on commercial use of public lands,including for animal grazing
G/AG/N/CHL/10
/Rev.1Chile
(1998)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) research• Agricultural Research
• Partial financing for innovation
projects
• R&D centresTo generate, adapt and disseminate
scientific and technological knowledgeand products that contribute to sustainable(social, economic and environmental)
development
G/AG/N/CHL/11 Chile
(1999)"Green Box"
measures
(a) research• Agricultural Research
• Partial financing for innovation
projects
• R&D centresTo generate, adapt and disseminate
scientific and technological knowledgeand products that contribute to sustainable(social, economic and environmental)
developmentWT/CTE/W/195
Page 53
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/AG/N/COL/20 • Technology R&D To strengthen research activities to protect
the environment (1998) (among others);
to strengthen research activities to supportpreservation of agricultural, animal and
microbial species (1999) (among others)Colombia
(1998 – 1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Training in Agricultural Policies
• Training services in watershed
management and conservationand efficient soil and water
management (among others)
Measures under
"development
programmes"• Encouragement of Forestry
Plantations through
Reafforestation
G/AG/N/COL/23 Colombia
(under Article
18.3)• Development Programmes for
Indigenous Communities and
Reservations, and DepressedAreas
• 1997 – 1998
• Indigenous communities located
in forest areas, savannah and
tropical desertsTo help to develop hunting activities,
horticulture and rural activities, such as
agriculture and livestock grazing, as wellas to establish indigenous reservations onvacant land and to demarcate and upgrade
such reservations
G/AG/N/CZE/25 Czech Re public
(1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(h) structural
adjustmentassistanceprovided throughretirement
programmes• Crop Production Restructuring
through Afforestation
(j) environmentalprogrammes • Landscape conservation in
cultural state
• Support for bee-keeping
• Support for Ecological
Agriculture
• Calcification with help of
limestone powder
• Support for Use of
Environmentally Sound Fuels
• Support of Sale of Diesel for
Farmers "Green Diesel"
G/AG/N/CZE/26 Czech Re public
(under Article
18.3)• Calcification with the Help of
Limestone Powder
• From 1999To meet policy specific criteria of the
Environmental Protection Programmes
category
G/AG/N/DOM/2 Dominican
Republic
(1995 – 1998)"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Environmental Education
(Natural Resource Development)
G/AG/N/EEC/25 European
Communities
(1998)
(under Article
16.2)• Development Projects with some
(other than ACP) countriesTo provide assistance in sectors of agro-
forestry, environmental rehabilitation,
forestry, forest conservation, land
conservation, management of naturalresources, renewable natural resources
(among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 54
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/AG/N/EEC/26 European
Communities
(1997 - 1998)
"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Protection of the environment
and preservation of the
countryside, control of soilerosion, extensification, aid forenvironmentally sensitive areas;support and protection of organic
production, aid for forestry
measures in agriculture,conservation of genetic resources
in agriculture
G/AG/N/IDN/18 • Agricultural R&D Programmes
• Research on biotechnology,
resources and agroclimate, germplasma (among others)Indonesia
(1995 – 1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Agribusiness Development
Programmes (including
environmental impact
assessment)
G/AG/N/ISR/16 • Services Provided for Farmers
• Soil conservation and drainage
departmentIsrael
(1998)"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Services Provided for Farmers
• National park protection
Authority
(k) regional
assistance
programmes• Clean Arava Project To clean the Arava area from pesticides
G/AG/N/ISR/19 Israel
(1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Services Provided for Farmers
• Soil conservation and drainage
department
• Services Provided for Farmers
• National park protection
Authority
(k) regionalassistance
programmes• Clean Arava Project To clean the Arava area from pesticides
G/AG/N/JPN/47 • Research in Connection with
Environmental ProgrammesJapan
(1997)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Promotion of Soil Conservation
and Low-Input Farming
• Extension and advisory services,
research programmes
(j) environmental
programmes• Payments for Conversion from
Rice Production
• Payments for maintaining paddy
fields in an environmentally
good conditionWT/CTE/W/195
Page 55
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/AG/N/LVA/3
G/AG/N/LVA/3
/Rev.1Latvia
(1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(c) structural
adjustment
assistance
provided throughresourceretirement
programmes• Artificial Renovation of Private
Forestry Land and Forestation of
Non-Agricultural Lands
G/AG/N/MNG/5 Mongolia
(1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• National Programme Green
Revolution
G/AG/N/MAR/16 Morocco
(1998)"Green Box"
measures• Pilot Project for Recyling of
Waste Water, Environmental
Management Programme
G/AG/N/NAM/11 Namibia
(1998 – 1999)"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Agricultural Research To carry out research on technical issues
related to conservation of the ecosystem
(among others)
G/AG/N/NZL/22 • East Coast Afforestation Grants
• Agricultural producers and
othersTo provide funding to plant trees,
primarily as a means of erosion controlNew Zealand
(1998 – 1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Regional Council Soil
Conservation
• FarmersTo cover partly cost of soil conservation
practices
G/AG/N/NZL/25 New Zealand
(1998 - 1999)(under Article
16.2)• Financial assistance
• Grant formTo provide assistance to fisheries
management (among others)
G/AG/N/NZL/26 New Zealand
(1999 – 2000)
(under Article
16.2)• Financial assistance
• Grant formTo provide assistance to fisheries
management and assistance, organic
farming (among others)
G/AG/N/NOR/25 • Subsidy to Ecological Production
• Subsidy to research and to
farmers changing to ecological
production methodsNorway
(1998)
"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Subsidy to producers who refrain
from field work on areas exposed
to erosion in autumn
• Fixed Area Support to Ecological
Production
G/AG/N/SVK/14
/Rev.1Slovak Republic
(1997)"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Ecological proceduresWT/CTE/W/195
Page 56
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/AG/N/SVK/18
/Rev.1Slovak Republic
(1998)
"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Ecological procedures
G/AG/N/SVK/24 Slovak Republic
(1999)"Green Box"
measures
(j) environmental
programmes• Ecological procedures
G/AG/N/SVN/4
/Rev.2Slovenia
(1995)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Research services To support national research projects in
government-owned forests (among others)
(i) structuraladjustmentassistance
provided through
investment aids• Sustainable development of the
countryside, eco-sociological
development of villages
• Preparation of analyses,
compensation of structural
disadvantages
(j) environmental
programmes• Reduction of substantial
environmental damage andcontrol of damage sources,
support of environmental
projects
G/AG/N/SVN/5
/Rev.1Slovenia
(1996)"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Research services To support national research projects in
government-owned forests (among others)
(i) structuraladjustment
assistanceprovided through
investment aids• Sustainable development of the
countryside, eco-sociological
development of villages
• Preparation of analyses,
compensation of structural
disadvantages
(j) environmentalprogrammes • Reduction of substantial
environmental damage and
control of damage sources,support of environmental
projects
G/AG/N/SVN/8
/Rev.1Slovenia
(1997)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Research services To support national research projects in
government-owned forests (among others)
(i) structuraladjustmentassistance
provided through
investment aids• Sustainable development of the
countryside, eco-sociological
development of villages
• Preparation of analyses,
compensation of structural
disadvantagesWT/CTE/W/195
Page 57
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
(j) environmental
programmes• Reduction of substantial
environmental damage and
control of damage sources,support of environmental
projects
G/AG/N/SVN/12
/Rev.1Slovenia
(1998)"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Research services To support national research projects in
government-owned forests (among others)
(i) structural
adjustment
assistanceprovided through
investment aids• Sustainable development of the
countryside, eco-sociological
development of villages
• Preparation of analyses,
compensation of structuraldisadvantages
(j) environmental
programmes• Reduction of substantial
environmental damage and
control of damage sources,support of environmental
projects
G/AG/N/SVN/14 Slovenia
(1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Research services To support national research projects in
government-owned forests (among others)
(i) structural
adjustmentassistance
provided through
investment aids• Sustainable development of the
countryside, eco-sociological
development of villages
• Preparation of analyses,
compensation of structural
disadvantages
(j) environmental
programmes• Reduction of substantial
environmental damage andcontrol of damage sources,
support of environmental
projects
G/AG/N/ZAF/29 • Resource Conservation and
Environmental ManagementTo promote sustainable utilisation of
natural agricultural resources (soil, waterresources and vegetation), to protect the
environmentSouth Africa
(1998)"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Auxiliary and Associated
ServicesTo render services associated with to soil
conservation activities (among others)
• Agricultural Engineering
ServicesTo promote sustainable utilisation of
natural agricultural resources (among
others)
(c) structuraladjustmentassistance
provided through
resourceretirement
programmes• Conversion of Marginal Lands To enable producers to reduce marginal
ploughed lands where crop production isrisky and to convert it into more suitable
pastures for the specific climate areas
(j) environmental
programmes• Soil Conservation Works To finan ce essential soil conservation
works to improve and protect soilWT/CTE/W/195
Page 58
Symbol Member Measure or programme Objective
G/AG/N/TUN/16 Tunisia
(1998)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Environmental Conservation
through Land and Afforestation
Works
G/AG/N/USA/31 United States
(under Article
16.2)• Technical Assistance and
Training Programmes to LDCs
and NFIDCsTo provide assistance to natural resource
management (among others)
G/AG/N/ZWE/2 Zimbabwe
(1998 – 1999)
"Green Box"
measures
(a) general
services• Crop and livestock (production,
natural resources, e.g. botanical
gardens, crop and plant genetic
protection and conservation)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 59
Table 5: Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/LIC/N/3/BOL/3 Bolivia Substances, products or goods
which cause or threaten damage to
the environment
G/LIC/N/1/TCD/2
G/LIC/N/3/TCD/1Chad, Republic of Substances that can harm the ozone
layerTo implement the Montreal Protocol
G/LIC/N/1/EST/1 Estonia List of legislative acts regarding
import licensing proceduresincluding refere nces to Nature
Conservation Objects Act,  Ambient
Air Protection Act (ozone-depletingsubstances), Energy Act, variousRegulations of the Minister of the
Environment
G/LIC/N/3/EST/1 Estonia Species and hunting trophies
covered by CITESTo conserve nature and endangered
species of fauna and flora and toimplement international agreements
G/LIC/N/3/HKG/4 Hong Kong, China Ozone-depleting substances To protect the environment
Permit to transport sand in the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region
(HKSAR)To enable the protection of beaches and
the seabed in HKSAR
Animals and plants (including their
readily recognizable parts and
derivatives) listed in CITES, and
medicines containing or claiming tocontain tiger or rhino ingredientsTo protect endangered species and to
prevent their over-exploitation in
accordance with CITES
Waste To ensure that prior consent is obtained
before commencement of any waste
shipment; to facilitate continuation of
legitimate waste trade and to stop anyillegal shipment; to fulfil international
obligations under the Basel Convention
and to serve to ensure environmentally
sound management of waste
G/LIC/N/3/ISL/2 Iceland Animals, animal products, feed,
seeds, fertilizers, plants, plant
products and goods of general
quarantine concernTo protect the environment (among
others)
HCFCs, metered dose inhalers
containing CFCs, products that maycontain ODSs (such as refrigerators
and portable fire extinguishers)To control substances under the Montreal
Protocol
Radioactive material or substance
(except for radioluminous watches,pocket compasses, meters and other
equipment of that nature containing
a slight quantity of radioactivematerials)To protect the community (the
environment and health); to comply with
international obligations
Hazar dous and health-related goods
associated with particular hazards
for the environment (among others)To ensure safe handling and control
quantity of goods imported
Approval requirements for ships,
boats and floating structuresTo maintain a certain standard of
pollution prevention (among others)
G/LIC/N/1/IND/3
G/LIC/N/2/IND/3India Animals covered under CITES
G/LIC/N/3/JAM/1
/Add.1Jamaica CFC gases To satisfy obligations under the Montreal
ProtocolWT/CTE/W/195
Page 60
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/LIC/N/3/JOR/1 Jordan Live animals, frozen animal semen,
fresh chilled and frozen meat,
stuffed wild animals, fertilizers,insecticides, fungicides, herbicides,disinfectants, veterinary medicines,seed and fruits (used for sowing),
dairy productsTo protect the environment (among
others)
Wireless transmitters, receivers andalarm equipment, remote control
equipment, radar apparatus,transmission and reception stations,cellular telephone systems, cordless
telephones and microphones,
electrical equipment for linetelephony and telegraphy, decoders,satellites, toy airplanes operated
with remote control, movable
television transmission equipmentand stations, used and renewed
telecommunication apparatusTo protect the environment (among
others)
Halogenated derivatives ofhydrocarbons, frion gasTo protect the environment (among
others)
Radio-active materials and uranium To protect the environment (among
others)
Boring machinery for water To conserve natural resources
G/LIC/N/3/KGZ/1 Kyrgyz Republic Certain categories of goods that
pose a risk (see attachment to the
notification)To ensure ecological welfare; to protect
exhaustible natural resources (among
others)
G/LIC/N/3/MAC/2 Macau, China Animals and plants subject to
CITES (including their readily
recognizable parts and derivatives)
and medicines containing orclaiming to contain tiger or rhino
ingredients
Ozone-depleting substances To comply with and abide by rights and
obligations in the Montreal Protocol
G/LIC/N/3/NAM/3 Namibia Some imports of protected species
of animals
G/LIC/N/2/POL/1 Poland Worn clothing and other worn
articlesTo ensure environmentally sound
management of worn clothing
G/LIC/N/3/SGP/3 Singapore Endangered species of wild fauna
and flora (CITES products),hazar dous substances, some ODSs
(licences are granted only for
products originating in signatories
to the Montreal Protocol) (amongothers)To meet environmental objectives, to
discharge obligations under internationalagreements for environmental reasons
G/LIC/N/3/ZAF/3 South Africa Used goods, waste and scrap To follow environmental reasons and in
terms of the Basel Convention (among
others)
Radioactive chemical elements andradioactive isotopesTo follow environmental reasons (among
others)
Cobalt, cadmium antimony,
manganese diromium, geranium,
vanadium, gallium, hafnium,indium, rhenium and thalliumTo follow environmental reasons (among
others)
Ozone-depleting substances To implement the Montreal ProtocolWT/CTE/W/195
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Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/LIC/N/1/CHE/2
G/LIC/N/2/CHE/2
G/LIC/N/3/CHE/3Switzerland Animals and goods under CITES
and the Law on Protection of
Animals
Nuclear fuel, debris and waste To establish control on the origin, nature
and destination of nuclear fuel, debris andwaste from nuclear facilities within theframework of the Non-Proliferation
Treaty and bilateral cooperation
agreements
Substances which deplete the ozonelayer and products which contain
such substancesTo protect the environment
G/LIC/N/3/USA/3 United States Terrestrial plants that are on the
endangered species listTo protect endangered plant species
Certificates of Quota Eligibility for
speciality sugarTo provide exporters access to domestic
market at the low-tier tariff for speciality
sugar used in niche markets, such as
organic (among others)
Fish and wildlife (including
endangered species)To conserve endangered and threatened
species and identify species which may be
threatened or endangered (among others)
Radioactive waste Purposes related to health and safety
matters (among others)WT/CTE/W/195
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Table 6:  Agreement on Safeguards
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/L/347
G/SG/N/13/USA/1United States
(notification under
Article 12.5 of the
results of the mid-term reviewreferred to in
Article 7.4)Temporary quantitative limitation
on imports of wheat glutenTo support the industry to continue to
pursue goals of building long-term
relationships with customers while
shifting from product-driven to market-driven strategies in order to supplyproducts of consumer interest (natural-
based cosmetics, products made from
non-genetically modified organisms, andenvironmentally friendly biodegradable
products) (among others)
Table 7:  Agreement on Customs Valuation
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
G/VAL/N/1/BGR/2 Bulgaria Goods dangerous for the
environment may be released withwritten permission by customsauthorities even before security is
provided (among others)
G/VAL/N/1/EST/1 Estonia Provisions that the transaction value
of imported goods is not applied indetermining customs value of wasteimported for destruction, costs of
destruction of which shall be borne
by exporter of a foreign country(among others)
G/VAL/N/1/KGZ/1 Kyrgyz Republic Provisions to determine the costs of
containers and tare (classified
separately from goods) for customsvaluation purposes, costs of labourin putting goods in containers (e.g.creating appropriate environmental
conditions) (among others)WT/CTE/W/195
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Table 8:  Regional Trade Agreements13
Symbol Member Provision or issue Objective
WT/REG36/1 Slovenia and the
Former Yugoslav
Republic of
MacedoniaGeneral exceptions for
environmental protection, including
conservation of non-renewable
resources (among others)
Security and protection exceptionsto international trade in goodswhich pollute the environment
(provisions and regulations
prescribed by internationalagreements and conventions shall
be applied) (among others)
WT/REG64/3 Estonia and the
Faroe Islands(Denmark)General exceptions for protection of
the environment, conservation ofexhaustible natural resources
(among others)
General exceptions for protection ofthe environment, preservation of
exhaustible natural resourcesWT/REG71/4
WT/REG71/4/Rev.1Kyrgyz Republic,
Russian Federation,
Belarus and
Kazakhstan Security exceptions for delivery of
fissionable materials and sources of
radio-active substances, utilisation
of radio-active wastes
WT/REG73/3 Kyrgyz Republic
and Russian
FederationThe right of Parties, under the
chapter – Standards, to introduce
unilateral measures, which are
generally accepted in internationalpracticeTo protect the environment (among
others)
WT/REG74/3 Kyrgyz Republic
and UkraineThe right of Parties, under the
chapter – Standards, to introduce
unilateral measures, which are
generally accepted in internationalpracticeTo protect the environment (among
others)
WT/REG76/3 Kyrgyz Republic
and MoldovaThe right of Parties, under the
chapter – Standards, to introduce
unilateral measures, which aregenerally accepted in international
practiceTo protect the environment (among
others)
WT/REG83/1
WT/REG83/3Hungary and
LithuaniaPreamble includes the determination
to implement the agreement with
the objective to preserve and protectthe environment and to ensure anoptimal use of natural resources in
accordance with the principle of
sustainable growth (among others)
General exception for protection ofthe environment, conservation of
exhaustible natural resources
(among others)
                                                     
13 The provisions or issues referred to in the regional agreements are an extraction only and are not
exhaustive;  the full context of the measures can be found in the source documents.
The column on Members refers to some countries that are not Members of the WTO.WT/CTE/W/195
Page 64
Symbol Member Provision or issue Objective
WT/REG84/1
WT/REG84/3Hungary and Latvia Preamble includes the determination
to implement the agreement with
the objective to preserve and protectthe environment and to ensure anoptimal use of natural resources inaccordance with the principle of
sustainable growth (among others)
General exception for protection ofthe environment, conservation of
exhaustible natural resources(among others)
WT/REG90/1
WT/REG90/3Bulgaria and
Former Yugoslav
Republic ofMacedoniaGeneral exceptions for protection of
the environment, conservation of
exhaustible natural resources
WT/REG91/1
WT/REG91/3EFTA States and
MoroccoPreamble includes the determination
to implement the agreement with
the objective to preserve and protect
the environment and to ensure anoptimal use of natural resources inaccordance with the principle of
sustainable growth (among others)
General exceptions for protection of
the environment, conservation of
exhaustible natural resources
Record of Understanding explainingthat  prohibitions or restrictions for
protection of the environmentimposed under the generalexceptions are undertaken in
pursuance of obligations under an
intergovernmental agreement on theenvironment (any difficulty ininterpreting the notion "protection
of the environment" shall be
examined by a Joint Committee)(among others)
WT/REG107/1 Turkey and Poland General exceptions for
environmental measures, for rules
relating to conservation ofexhaustible natural resources
(among others)
WT/REG108/1 Estonia and
UkraineObjectives include the need to
develop and intensify cooperation in
areas not covered by thisAgreement, especially for
environmental protection
General exceptions for protection of
the environment
WT/REG109/1 European
Communities and
MexicoGeneral exceptions relating to
conservation of exhaustible natural
resources
WT/REG110/1 European
Communities andIsraelScope of the economic cooperation
shall include the need to take intoaccount conservation of theenvironment and ecological balance
(among others)
Parties shall focus on promotion of
environment-friendly agriculture
(among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 65
Symbol Member Provision or issue Objective
Parties shall promote cooperation to
prevent deterioration of the
environment, controlling pollutionand ensuring rational use of naturalresources (focusing particularly ondesertification, quality of
Mediterranean water and control
and prevention of marine pollution,waste management, salinization,environmental management of
sensitive coastal areas,
environmental education andawareness, use of advanced tools ofenvironmental management,
environmental monitoring methods
and surveillance (including use ofenvironmental information systemsand impact assessment), impact of
industrial development on the
environment and the safety ofindustrial facilities, impact ofagriculture on soil and water
quality)To ensure sustainable development and to
promote regional environmental projects
Parties shall cooperate with a viewto develop sources of renewable
energy (among others)To limit environmental pollution and
promote energy conservation
WT/REG112/1 European
Communities and
MoroccoA central component of the scope of
various fields of economiccooperation shall constitute
preservation of the environment and
ecological balances (among others)
Parties shall foster all activities inenvironmental matters which have a
regional impact or involve third
countries (among others)
Parties undertake to cooperate inareas including soil and waterquality, consequences of
(particularly industrial)
development (especially safety ofinstallations and waste), monitoring
and preventing pollution of the seaTo prevent deterioration of the
environment; to improve quality of theenvironment; to achieve rational use of
natural resources for sustainable
development (among others)
Economic cooperation in energyshall focus on renewable energy andon promoting energy saving (among
others)
WT/REG113/1 European
Communities and
South AfricaParties agree to develop and
promote cooperation on economic
and industrial matters by promotingsustainable development in theireconomies, protecting and
improving the environment (among
others)To promote mutual advantage and interest
of the southern African region
Economic cooperation aims at
supporting South Africa's efforts to
restructure and modernise industry,
while ensuring environmentalprotection, sustainable development
(among others)WT/CTE/W/195
Page 66
Symbol Member Provision or issue Objective
Cooperation on energy-related
matters (among others)To improve the access of South Africans
to affordable, reliable and sustainable
sources of energy
Cooperation in mining and minerals To support policies which ensure that
mining activities take place with due
consideration for the environment andsustainable development (among others)
Cooperation in transport to support
development of intermodal
infrastructure networks andtransport systems that areeconomically and environmentally
sustainable; to support cooperation
between countries of the southernAfrican region in order to create asustainable regional transport
network (among others)To improve access of South Africans to
affordable, safe and reliable modes of
transport, to facilitate the flow of goods
Economic cooperation in tourism To establish a strategic alliance involving
public, private and community interests inorder to ensure sustainable developmentof tourism, to base cooperation on
providing positive interaction between
tourism and environmental preservation(among others)
Cooperation in agriculture To promote integrated, harmonious and
sustainable rural development in South
Africa (among others)
Cooperation in fisheries To promote sustainable management and
use of fisheries resources
Development of cooperation
programmesTo focus on basic needs of previously
disadvantaged communities and reflect
environmental dimensions (among others)
Articles related to cooperation onsustainable energy use, managementof waste, biodiversity, forests, water
quality, marine pollution, and GHG
emissionsTo promote protection of the
environment, prevention of itsdeterioration and control of pollution; to
improve quality of the environment; and
to combat global environmental problemsWT/CTE/W/195
Page 67
Table 9:  Agreement on TRIPS
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
IP/N/1/BRA/I/1 Brazil Non-patentability of all or part of
natural living beings and biological
materials found in nature
IP/N/1/BRA/P/1 Brazil Compulsory license for a patent, for
non-commercial public use, in casesof national emergency or publicinterest, thus declared by the
government, provided that it is
ascertained that the patentholder orhis licensee does not fulfill those
needsTo protect public interest related to
protection of the environment (among
others)
IP/N/1/BRA/P/3 Brazil Cancellation of Protection
Certificate due to evidence that theplant variety has caused, aftercommercialization thereof, a
negative impact on the environment
(among others)
IP/N/1/EST/E/1 Estonia General provisions of the Customs
Act states that customs control shallnot endanger the environment
(among others)
Procedures for determining the
conformity of goods carried acrossthe customs frontier to the
environment (among others)
Seized or abandoned goods which
belong among protected species orare the subject of the CITES shallbe transferred without charge to the
agency designated by the Ministry
of the Environment
IP/N/1/EST/P/1 Estonia Compulsory licence if the use of the
invention is required for the
environmental protection (among
others)WT/CTE/W/195
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Table 10:  Quantitative Restrictions
Symbol Member Measure or product Objective
Bahrain Prohibitions for Pakistani "Bulbul" To preserve the local environment and
birds
Prohibitions for worked ivory To preserve the environment
Hong Kong,
China14Prohibitions for endangered speciesof animals and plants listed inAppendix I of CITESTo fulfill obligations under CITES
Prohibitions for
chlorofluorocarbons whether
existing alone or in a mixtureTo fulfill obligations under the Montreal
Protocol
Non-automatic licencing for
endangered species of animals andplants listed in Appendix II of
CITES (including their recognized
parts and derivatives), andmedicines containing or claiming to
contain tiger or rhino ingredientsTo fulfill obligations under CITES
Global quota and non-automatic
licensing for HCFCs andhalogenated derivatives of acyclichydrocarbons containing two or
more different halogensTo fulfill obligations under the Montreal
Protocol
Special permit to export protectedwild animals, part of a protectedwild animal, or the nests or eggs of
a protected wild animal
Permit to transport sand in the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)To enable the protection of beaches and
the seabed in HKSAR
Permit for import and export of
hazar dous and contaminated wasteTo fulfill obligations under the Basel
Convention
Japan Import quotas for animals and
plants, and their derivatives ofCITES, and controlled substances
listed in the Montreal ProtocolTo fulfill obligations under CITES and
the Montreal Protocol
Macau, China15Non-automatic licencing for motorcars and other motor vehicles,tractors, motorcycles, and parts and
accessories thereofTo protect the environment (among
others)
Prohibition for used motor cars and
other motor vehicles, tractors,
motorcycles, and parts andaccessories thereofTo protect the environment (among
others)
Global quota for CFCs, halons,other fully halogenated CFCs,
carbon tetrachloride, methylchloroform, bromomethaneTo fulfill obligations under the Montreal
Protocol
                                                     
14 This notification is issued also under the Agreement on Import Licencing (G/LIC/N/3/HKG/4).
15 This notification is issued also under the Agreement on Import Licencing (G/LIC/N/3/MAC/2).WT/CTE/W/195
Page 69
ANNEX I
ENVIRONMENT-RELATED NOTIFICATIONS:
SEARCH WORDS
- Basel Convention
-B i o
- Carbon
-C a r t a g e n a
-C F C s
-C I T E S- Clean
- Climate
- Conservation
- Conserve
- Desertification- Eco-label
-E c o l o g y
- Emissions
- Endangered
- Energy- Environment
-E r o s i o n
- Extinct
- Fauna
-F i s h-F l o r a
- Forest
- Genetic
- GHGs
- Green (house)- Hazardous
- HCFCs
- Indigenous
- Kyoto Protocol
- Modified organism
-M a r k i n g- Montreal Protocol
- Natural resources
-N o v e l
-O r g a n i c
- Ozone- Package(ing)
- Pollution
- Preservation
- Preserve
- Recycle- Renewable
-S a v i n g
- Soil erosion
- Sustainable
-T o x i c-T r e e
- Waste
- Wildlife
- WoodWT/CTE/W/195
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ANNEX II
ABBREVIATIONS
AMS − Aggregate measurement of support
Cartagena
Protocol− Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD − Convention on Biological Diversity
CFCs − Chlorofluorocarbons
CGP − Code of Good Practice, Annex III of the TBT Agreement
CITES − Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
CO 2− Carbon dioxide
EEA − European Economic Area
EIA − Environmental Impact Assessment
FAO − Food and Agriculture Organization
FIFG − Financial Instrument of Fisheries Guidance structural measures in the fisheries and
aquaculture sector in the European Communities
GMOs − Genetically modified organisms
HCFCs − Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
ICCAT − International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna
ITTO − International Tropical Timber Organisation
Kyoto
Protocol− Kyoto Protocol to the United Nation s Framework Convention on Climate Change
LDCs − Least-Developed Countries
LMOs − Living modified organisms
MEAs − Multilateral environmental agreements
Montreal
Protocol− Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
NFIDCs − Net Food-Importing Developing Countries
NGOs − Non-governmental organizations
PESCA − Community Initiative concerning the Restructuring of the Fisheries Sector
R&D − Research and development
ODSs − Ozone-depleting substances
SMEs − Small and medium-sized enterprises
SO 2− Sulphur dioxide
SPS − Sanitary and phytosanitary
TBT − Technical barriers to trade
TPR − Trade Policy Review
UNEP − United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC − United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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