RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/BFA/SPEC/49
11 September 2000
(00-3462)
Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration
2001
BUDGET ESTIMATES
Volume 1
Proposals by the Director-GeneralWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 2
NOTE ON PRESENTATION: In an attempt to deal effectively with an
increasing amount of information, the Director-General’s budget proposals for
2001 are presented in two parts. Volume 1  contains the Director-General’s
Foreword, overall summary information and tables with regard to the budgetproposals for basic as well as enhanced activities and income estimates. Also
included are various informational tables relating to the evolution of the
organization since 1985, regular staff positions, schedule of temporary assistance
and the draft Scale of Contributions for 2001. This volume also contains detailed
information with regard to proposals for all basic and enhanced activities.Volume 2 provides information on functional and programme budget (divisional
objectives in a revised, results-based format, and budgets) as well as information
on extra-budgetary funds.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 3
CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................... ..............4
INTRODUCT ION................................................................................................................... ...........6
BASIC ACTIV ITIES............................................................................................................... ..........8
I. WTO SECRET ARIAT ........................................................................................................8
A. Maintaining 2000 level of  activities in 2001 ................................................................8
B. Additional Staff Resources ...........................................................................................9
C. Other increases /(decreases) ........................................................................................10
D. 2001 proposed budget increase ..................................................................................11
II. THE APPELLATE BODY AND ITS SECRE TARIAT..................................................12
III. CONSOLIDATED REGULAR BUDGET FOR BASIC ACTIVITIES IN THE WTO14
ENHANCED ACT IVITIES ............................................................................................................ 15
IV. OVERALL INCREASE (B ASIC AND ENHANCED ACTIVITIES )........................................16
V. FUNCTIONAL BUDGET..................................................................................................16
VI. USE OF 1999 SURPLUS....................................................................................................17
2001 INCOME ES TIMATES .........................................................................................................1 8
ANNEX A-1 - 2001 Proposed Budget Table For The WTO Secretariat ...............................19
ANNEX A-2 - 2001 Proposed Budget Table For The Appellate Body And Its Secretariat .20
ANNEX B - Organizational Evol ution Table Since 1985 ........................................................21
ANNEX C - Table of Regula r Staff Positions...........................................................................22
ANNEX D - Schedule of Te mporary Assistance ......................................................................23
ANNEX E - Draft Scale Of Co ntributions For 2001 ...............................................................24
BASIC ACTIV ITIES............................................................................................................... ........28
2001 DETAILED BUDG ET ESTI MATES ..............................................................................27
2001 DETAILED BUDGET ESTIMATES Appella te Body And Its Secretariat..................44
ENHANCED ACT IVITIES ............................................................................................................ 49
Incorporation of Technical Cooperation Activities in Regular Budget.................................49
Expansion of Trade Policy Training Courses ..........................................................................59
Translation Resources .......................................................................................................... ......62
Equipping WTO Conference Rooms With Electrical Outlets................................................64Summary of Technical Assistance Activities Included in the 2001 Budget Estimates .........65WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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FOREWORD
I believe that in this Member-driven organization, I have a responsibility as Director-General
to do whatever I can to deliver the support and services WTO's Members demand in connection with
their work.  In some areas, the Secretariat can try to meet our Members' requests through reorganizingthe way we do our work or revisiting our priorities.  In other areas, it has become clear that the
existing level of resources available to the Organization are not adequate to provide the enhanced
level of service our Members tell me they want.
Because I believe the choices available to us should be clear, this year's budget presentation is
divided into two parts:  (1) the resources we are asking for in order to provide members with
continued basic service of the same quality and governed by the same constraints of the current year;and, (2) the resources we would require in order to provide our Members with an importantly
enhanced level of service in certain critical core activities where we believe current service falls short
of the level our Members deserve.
To take the second category first, the implementation-related discussions and activities which
have consumed so much of our time and attention over the past year have helped to demonstrate
graphically the critical role played by technical cooperation and assistance in capacity building.  It is
also true that technical cooperation and assistance plays a central role in our work with economies in
transition and acceding countries.  Even a cursory analysis of the kinds of technical assistance
provided by the WTO demonstrates that we are in the business of helping our Members meet theirlegal obligations and take full advantage of the opportunities open to them in our negotiating and
dispute settlement fora.  This is a core activity for the WTO. However, because we have been
dependent on voluntary contributions from just a few of our Members and these may decrease or even
dry up, it is clear that we cannot even begin to satisfy the real demand for assistance or even continue
what we are doing today unless the financing of tech nical cooperation is brought "on-budget".  Lately,
we have spent a lot of time reviewing and improving the ways in which we go about this work and I
am personally committed to giving Members what they need in ways that give real value for money in
a fully accountable way.  But we need to bring this on-budget and that is what I am proposing for
2001.
I think everyone would agree that we have over the years developed a residential training
programme in the WTO which is widely recognized as effective.  Our work is rightly credited with
having contributed importantly to the development of a cadre of trade policy officials who have been
able to help their countries take advantage of the opportunities of WTO Membership.  The value-
added nature of this training has been especially noticeable in the case of acceding Members, many of
whom are economies in transition.  Likewise, for least developed countries, this basic WTO training
in the contents and implementation of the agreements as well as negotiating techniques has paid bigdividends in terms of their ability to profit from participation in the WTO system.  Unhappily, while
this training has long been recognized as an appropriate “on-budget” activity, the resources currently
at our disposal are sufficient only to enable us to offer the possibility of training to Members and
prospective members at the rate of one person per delegation every other year.  I do not think that we
should see this as an acceptable or sustainable situation.  For reasons that should be obvious toeveryone, I am proposing that we add to the funding of our existing training activities an amount
sufficient to permit us to offer at least one position per year for each developing and transition
economy.
The backlog of documents awaiting translation has reached the point where Members must
either provide the resources necessary to deal effectively with the workload or review the overall
policy for translation. The problem has become all the more acute with the annually-increasing use of
the Dispute Settlement Mechanism. The designers of the WTO’s dispute settlement understanding
assumed that the strict legal time limits laid down for the operation of the DSU would be unaffectedWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 5
by practical questions such as the need to translate panel reports into all of WTO’s three official
languages.  In fact, the average panel report of 370 pages today is typically delayed in its release by
eleven weeks due to translation bottlenecks.  I do not believe that Members accept that the full
exercise of their legal rights should continue to be abridged in practice by considerations such as
these.  Accordingly, we are proposing in the budget for 2001 that adequate resources be provided to a
special unit be created in the Language Services and Documentation Division to be able to reduce the
current backlog and delays in general documents and to  deal exclusively effectively with the
translation of dispute settlement-related documents.  If Members agree that it is important to address
this issue, we can undertake that, with the resources we are requesting, the time required to translate
panel reports can be cut from today’s average of eleven weeks to not more than three weeks and that
the backlog will be significantly reduced.
Finally, I turn to what I would call the “basic service package”.  The WTO now has 137
Members and by the end of 2001 it is likely that we will be able to welcome several new Members,
some with very substantial national trade interests.  Every year we are being asked by Members to do
more than the year before and our existing infrastructure is continuing to show the strains associated
with a growing organization and a growing workload.  It is also the case that, while the Seattle
Ministerial Conference may have failed to produce agreement on a new round of generalizedmultilateral negotiations, we have nevertheless initiated the very substantial negotiations of the “built-
in agenda” and embarked on a wide-ranging review of implementation issues.  Apart from the effects
of inflation and other institutionally unavoidable increases, these stepped up activities have led us to
call for an increase in resources mainly in the domains of dispute settlement, implementation
activities, informatics and trade policy reviews.  Far from being considered as enhanced activities, the
resources dealt with in this portion of the budget proposals are those we consider are necessary to
continue to provide Members with a continuation of today’s levels of service.
In the areas of technical cooperation, training and dispute settlement-related translation
activities, I think the time has come for us to take some serious decisions relative to the way in whichour organization will operate in the immediate future.  New round or not, it does not serve any of us
well to delay the decisions in principle on these important questions.  With my own experience in a
national government, I know as well as any of our Members’ representatives how difficult it is to
increase allocation of taxpayers’ money to the operation of organizations such as the WTO.  There
are, however, some basic questions of value for money which should be taken into account in thisdebate.  In the WTO, as in the GATT before us, we have always had a unique approach to the budget
wherein those who profit most from the liberal trading environment are expected to foot a
corresponding portion of the “bill”.  In considering your national reactions to this year’s budget
proposals, I ask only that you not lose sight of th e relation between the benefits you gain from the
system and the relatively modest enhancements we are seeking for WTO in 2001.
Mike Moore
         Director-GeneralWT/BFA/SPEC/49
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INTRODUCTION
1. The Director-General hereby submits his budget estimates for the expenses and income of the
World Trade Organization (WTO) for the year 2001.
2. As in past years, the budget estimates for the WTO Secretariat and the Appellate Body and its
Secretariat are presented separately in order to more clearly identify the evolution of their respective
requirements. The first part of these estimates relates to the basic activities of the WTO to which the
Director-General referred in his Foreword.
3. The Director-General also referred to “an enhanced level of service in certain critical core
activities where we believe current service falls short of the level our Members deserve.” These
estimates are presented as enhanced activities which will permit Members to examine in detail the
various proposals under this heading.
4. Another element of expenditure in 2001 conc erns the Appellate Body Operating Fund
(ABOF) which has been financed each year thr ough extra-budgetary means, primarily from positive
balances in the Surplus Account. Expenditure und er the ABOF in 1999 amounted to CHF 1.6 million,
leaving a balance of CHF 1.9 million available on 1 January 2000. Based on current expenditure
levels, it is expected that costs in 2000 will be of somewhat higher than in 1999. Taking into accounttherefore an anticipated balance of CHF 200,000 at the end of 2000, an amount of some
CHF 1.8 million would be needed in 2001. With this hypothesis, the use of the 1999 Surplus of
CHF 1,627,110 to renew the ABOF for 2001 should be sufficient to cover costs next year. The
Director-General therefore proposes that the 1999 Surplus amounting to CHF 1,627,110 be utilized to
replenish the ABOF. (see also paragraphs 41 and 42).
5. The following table provides information regard ing the consolidated estimates of expenditure
for 2001:
Consolidated Estimates of Expenditure: 2001
(CHF)
Basic Activities:
- WTO 133,179,300
- Appellate Body and its Secretariat 3,036,300
sub-total 136,215,600
Enhanced Activities
- Incorporating technical assistance activities into regular
budget10,000,000
- Doubling the training capacity of the WTO 4,500,000
- Translation resources 5,200,000
- Installation of electrical outlets in conference rooms 400,000
Sub-total 20,100,000
TOTAL BASIC AND ENH ANCED ACTIVITIES 156,315,600
Extra-budgetary funds
- Appellate Body Operating Fund 1,800,000
GRAND TOTAL ESTIMATE OF EXPENDITURE 158,115,600WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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6. The Draft Scale of Contributions for 2001 (Annex E) is based upon proposed budgets for the
WTO Secretariat and the Appellate Body and its Secretariat for both the basic as well as enhanced
activities, i.e. CHF 156,315,600.
BASIC ACTIVITIES
7. The budget estimates for 2001 with regard to basic activities are as follows:
Budget Estimates for 2001 CHF
WTO Secretariat 133,179,300
Permanent costs of Appellate Body and its Secretariat 3,036,300
  TOTAL 136,215,600
Parameters
8. The 2000 budget estimates are based on the following parameters , assumptions and guidelines:
(a) the rate of inflation in Switzerland for 2001 is estimated at 1.5%;
(b) the standard cost for WTO staff is CHF 155,9001;
(c) no assumptions have been made with regard to any eventual impact of decisions which
may be taken in the future with regard to the role and responsibilities of the WTO; the
resources proposed are thus those necessary to meet Members’ expectations of today’s
WTO; and
(d) additional staff resources under basic activities should be limited to those areas directly
linked to Members' demands and expectations of services to be provided by the WTOSecretariat: dispute settlement, implementation activities, informatics and trade policy
reviews.
                                                     
1   See paragraph 47.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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I. WTO SECRETARIAT 2
A. MAINTAINING 2000 LEVEL OF ACTIVITIES IN 2001
9. In order to maintain the 2000 level of activiti es in 2001, the following elements need to be
taken into consideration:
(a) the effect of inflation; and
(b) statutory/mandated increases/(decreases).
(a) The effect of inflation foreseen for 2001
10. Based on information provided by Swiss banks, the rate of inflation has been anticipated at
1.5% in Switzerland.  Following past practice, inflat ion is taken only selectively in establishing the
budget proposals. When information on specific inflation-related increases is available, these
increases have been included in the proposals and so identified in the detailed explanations. The result
is that inflation accounts for 1.29% of the overall increase in the WTO Secretariat budget estimates
for 2001.
(b) Statutory and mandated increases/(decreases)
11. Statutory and mandated increases/(decreases) are those changes based on: (i) the current
profile of WTO staff 3, (ii) the Staff Rules and Regulations and on the Agreement Establishing the
World Trade Organization  and decisions taken by the General Council .  The elements which fall
under this category are:
CHF
(i) staff population up-dating4(1.32 million)
(ii) annual salary increments5 1.37 million
(iii) completion of funding for 2000 new posts6 0.28 million
(iv) deletion of provisions related to recruitment costs for
2000 new posts (permanent equipment and advertising) (0.04 million)
(v) dispute settlement panels  0.31 million
(vi) external auditors7 0.04 million
(vii) contribution to the ITC8 0.36 million
Total  1.00 million
                                                     
2   Not including the Appellate Body (permanent costs) and its Secretariat
3   Due to the relatively small size of the Secretariat, the staff population evolves with staff departures
and new recruitments as benefits and allowances (number of dependants, education grants, places of homeleave, etc.) are specific to each staff member.
4   Elements leading to the decrease in costs include the gradually diminishing effect of the transitional
measures instituted when the WTO conditions of service were applied, the number of ICITO staff who did not
take up WTO contracts (creating vacancies some of which were filled at lower levels, and the number of staff
who chose to remain with the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund).
5   See details in paragraph 48.
6   It will be recalled that the 4 of the 6 new posts approved for 2000 were funded for 3 months while
the other two (for translators) were funded for 12 months.
7   See WT/BFA/47, paragraph 20.
8   Corresponding to the part of WTO’s contribution to the 2000 budget of the ITC financed from prior
year’s savings.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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B. ADDITIONAL STAFF RESOURCES
(a) Dispute Settlement
12. One of the most telling examples of the importance of a rules-based trading system is the
number of dispute settlement cases which are being brought before the WTO and the costs, both direct
and indirect, attributable to the procedure. It has been estimated that some 14 panels will be
established in the second half of 2000, all of which will carry over into 2001, including at least twoArticle 21.5 cases and one Article 22.6 arbitration.
13. For 2001, it has been assumed that some of the panel reports presently in the pipeline will
generate further Article 21.5 procedures. On the basis of present trends, approximately one in three
consultations leads to litigation.  Thus, with some 40 to 50 requests for consultations per year, there
will be some 15 new panels in 2001.  It is also considered that the present trend of recourse to Article
22.6 will continue given the number of high profile ca ses requiring modification of legislation that has
recently been decided and will soon be decided by panels.
Additional Staff Resources
(b) Implementation Activities
14. The establishment by the General Council in May of a mechanism to address issues and
concerns relating to the implementation of existing WTO agreements and decisions necessitates anassessment of the resources that need to be made available to service the needs of Members
effectively in this area.  The programme and calendar of work under the new implementation review
mechanism adopted by the General Council in June envisages intensive broad-based consultations as
well as informal and formal meetings of the General Council in special session until the end of this
year, and further such meetings will be necessary in 2001 so that the process envisaged in the decisionof 3 May is completed no later than the Fourth Session of the Ministerial Conference.  This represents
a significant net increase in General Council activity during a period when preparatory work for the
Fourth Session of the Ministerial Conference will also be under way.  It will mean a corresponding
increase in demand for Secretariat resources to prepare, service and follow-up these meetings and to
assist Members.  To meet this demand, it will be necessary to augment the staff resources available inrelevant Divisions of the Secretariat.  These additional resources can be utilized also to service the
needs of Members in response to subsequent decisions to be taken by the General Council to further
advance its work on implementation, including through the development of a broader trading agenda,
and in the preparation of the substantive agenda for the Fourth Session.
(c) Informatics
15. The increasing reliance on informatics is apparent in almost all areas of the WTO’s activities
both internally (Secretariat communications and administration, preparation of documents, translation
and editing of documents by home-based consultants, computer-assisted in-house and out-of-house
translation) and externally (daily communications with delegations, Document Dissemination Facility
for Members and Observers, statistical data bases such as the Consoliated Tariff Schedules and the
Integrated Data Base,  and the WTO Website which reaches some 196,000 users per month). In such
an electronically-oriented world, the need to main tain networks, expand access, assure security and
monitor, test and implement innovations is clearly an on-going task.  If the WTO is going to maintain
the services provided to Members and the public, and to administer effectively the Organization as a
whole, serious consideration needs to be given to informatics resourcesWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 10
(d) Trade Policy Review
16. The mandate of the TPRM (Annex 3 of the Marrakech Declaration) requires that the first four
trading entities (with the EU as on e) be reviewed every two years;  the next 16, every four years;  and
other Members every six years, with flexibility for LDCs.  The recent "Appraisal of the Operation of
the Trade Policy Review Mechanism" (WT/MIN(99)/2) reaffirmed the relevance of the TPRM and
emphasized that all Members, including LDCs, should be reviewed at least once as soon as possible.
17. In accord with the above, 16 Members will have been reviewed in 2000, raising the total
number of Members reviewed at least once to 88, including 11 LDCs.  Under the 2001 programme, at
least 22 Members will be reviewed, raising the total reviewed at least once to 98, including at least 14
LDCs.  With the overlap in time in the preparation of reports, TPRD will be working on at least 30
reports in 2001, the heaviest programme ever.  Efficiency has been improved, with the average time
taken to prepare reports, while maintaining quality, down by some 25 per cent over the past two years.
In addition, there is more emphasis on grouped revi ews;  Liechtenstein and Switzerland are being
reviewed together in 2000 and in 2001 the six WTO Members of the Organization of East Caribbean
States will be reviewed as a group.
18. Yet the mandate of Annex 3 is not being met, and cannot be met with present resources.9
With the present 137 Members, the mandate requires that 26 Members be reviewed each year;  with
160 Members, the number rises to 30.  In addition, there is the backload of 39 Members (including atleast 14 LDCs) that will not yet have been reviewed by end 2001;  this is particularly serious as many
of these Members, especially LDCs and smaller developing countries, have requested reviews, partly
in recognition of the technical assistance aspect of the reviews, a point that was also emphasized in
the Appraisal exercise.  A re-examination of the resources for the TPRM is thus necessary.
(e) Total cost of additional staff resources
19. Additional staff resources with regard to temporary assistance as well as 10 new positions
,10
including recruitment costs, office equipment (furniture and computers, etc.) amount to
CHF 1.44 million for temporary assistance and CHF 1.29 million for new posts, the total of
CHF 2.73 million corresponding to an increase of 2.18% over the 2000 budget.
C. OTHER INCREASES /(DECREASES )
20. The elements which account for the major part of other increases concern principally
Informatics/EDP: CHF 1,036,290;11 Reproduction of documents: CHF 433,000; Contribution to the
International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO: CHF 206,000; Regradings: CHF 200,800;
Telecommunications: CHF 182,000; WTO Secretariat Training: CHF 147,000; Contractual Services:
CHF 110,000; Publications: CHF 95,000; Building Facilities: CHF 68,100 , Expendable
                                                     
9 The mandate could not be met even if the frequency of reviews were to be re-negotiated to once every
three years for the top four trading entities, every five years for the next 16 and every seven years for theremaining Members:  under such a frequency, 21 reviews a year would be required with a WTO Membership of137;  with 160 Members, the number of reviews would need to be 25 a year.  Moreover, this would not addressthe present backload of reviews.
10  The proposed positions have been costed at 6 months.
11 As Informatics/EDP cuts across several sections, and in order to facilitate examination of this area,
the summary of the proposed credit increases, not including consultants,  is as follows:
CHF
Section 5  - Permanent Equipment   2,868,400Section 6  - Expendable Equipment      181,245
Section 7  - Contractual Services   2,741,055
TOTAL   5,790,700WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 11
equipment: CHF 46,000; Insurance: CHF 42,500; a decrease in Permanent equipment: CHF 150,900,
and the net of various other increases and decreases: CHF 38,000. The total of all these elements
amounts to CHF 2,451,790, corresponding to an increase of 1.96 % over the 2000 budget. The reasons
for these increases and decreases are provided in the relevant sections under Volume  2, Basic
Activities, of this document.
D. 2001 PROPOSED BUDGET INCREASE
21. The following tables show (i) the real increase for 2001 with regard to basic activities of the
WTO Secretariat as well as (ii) the composition of that increase:
(i) Real increase
WTO Secretariat CHF (millions)%
with respect to
2000 budget
Proposed 2000 increase: 7.79 6.22%
Less:
Inflation 1.61 1.29%
Statutory/mandated:
Personnel-related (see paragraph 11) 0.33
Dispute Settlement Panels 0.31
External Auditors 0.04
Deletion recruitment costs 2000 new
posts (0.04)
    Contribution to the ITC 0.36
1.00 0.79%
Real increase for 2001 5.18 4.14%WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 12
(ii) Composition of real increase
WTO Secretariat
Composition of real increaseCHF (millions)%
with respect to
2000 budget
Additional staff resources:
10 staff positions 1.29
Temporary Assistance 1.44
2.73 2.18%
Other increases/(decreases):
Informatics/EDP 1.04
Contribution to the ITC 0.20
Reproduction 0.43
Regradings 0.20
Telecommunications 0.18
Training 0.15
Contractual Services 0.11
Publications 0.10
Building facilities 0.07
Expendable equipment 0.04
Insurance 0.04
Permanent equipment (0.15)
Various increases/(decreases) 0.04
2.45 1.96%
Real increase for 2001 5.18 4.14%
II. THE APPELLATE BODY AND ITS SECRETARIAT
22. It will be recalled that the permanent costs of the Appellate Body and its Secretariat are
examined separately from the variable costs, the latter being the result of the number and duration of
cases brought before the Body.  Information rega rding the Appellate Body Operating Fund (ABOF) is
found in paragraphs 4, 41,and 42.
23. The proposed budget for the permanent costs of the Appellate Body and its Secretariat in
2001 is CHF 3,036,300, which corresponds to an increase of CHF 725,750 over the 2000 budget.
24. The parameters, assumptions and guidelines used in the preparation of the proposed budget
for the Appellate Body in 2001 are the same as those used for the proposed budget for the WTO
Secretariat (see paragraph 8 above).  Aside from changes corresponding to inflation and
statutory/mandated changes: an increase of CHF 24,600 and a decrease of CHF 211,050, respectively,
increases of CHF 774,900 are requested for six additional posts, CHF 90,500 for temporary
assistance, and CHF 46,800 for utilities, maintenance and permanent equipment. The real increase is
therefore the total of these last three amounts, i.e. CHF 912,200
25. The following tables show (i) the real increase for 2001 with regard to basic activities of the
Appellate Body  as well as (ii) the composition of that increase:WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 13
(i) Real increase
Appellate Body and its Secretariat CHF%
with respect to
2000 Budget
Proposed 2001 increase:  725,750  31.41%
  Less: inflation  24,600  1.06%
  Plus: statutory decreases (211,050) (9.13)%
Real increase for 2001 912,200  39.48%
(ii) Composition of real increase
Appellate body and its Secretariat
Composition of real increaseCHF%
with respect to
2000 budget
Additional staff resources:
6 staff positions 774,900
Temporary Assistance 90,500
865,400 37.45%
Other increases/(decreases):
Various (utilities and maintenance) 19,000
Permanent equipment 27,800
46,800 2.03%
Real increase for 2001 912,200 39.48%WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 14
III. CONSOLIDATED REGULAR BUDGET FOR BASIC ACTIVITIES IN THE WTO12
26. The following table is a consolidation of the tables contained in paragraphs 21 and 25.  It
demonstrates the real increase in the overall combined budget for the WTO:
Consolidated WTO Basic Activities
BudgetCHF (millions)%
with respect to
2000 budget
Proposed 2001 increase: 8.52 6.67%
Less:
Inflation 1.64 1.28%
Statutory/mandated:
Personnel-related (see paras 21 (ii)and 25 (ii) 0.12
Dispute Settlement Panels 0.31
External Auditor 0.04
Deletion of 2000 recruitment costs (0.04)
   Contribution to the ITC 0.36
0.79 0.61%
Real increase for 2001 6.09 4.78%
ENHANCED-ACTIVITIES
(a) Integrating technical assistance activities into the regular budget
27. The proposal to integrate technical assistance activities into the regular budget is addressed to
the perceived need to provide for regular budget financing of those technical cooperation activities
which currently depend upon trust fund financing for their execution.  Financing these activitiesthrough the regular budget would contribute to the realization of a number of important objectives.
Among these objectives are:
• Ensuring predictability, consistency and continuity in the provision of technical cooperation;
• Enabling WTO to respond positively to a greater number of requests for technical cooperation
activities than is possible under the existing trust fund based approach;
• Spreading the burden of financing technical cooperation activities more equitably among WTO
Members; and,
• Providing resources to the secretariat adequate to permit both provision of technical assistance
and training and execution of normal Geneva work in support of WTO Members.
28. The proposal as contained in Volume 2 does not address all of WTO's technical cooperation-
related activities.  Many of our staff are routinely engaged in technical cooperation work funded by
other intergovernmental organizations or national governments, the financing of which is not
addressed here.  For the WTO budget for 2001, the Director-General is proposing an increase in
                                                     
12   WTO Secretariat and Appellate Body and its Secretariat permanent costs.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 15
funding in the amount of CHF 10 million, with that amount designed to cover both programme-
related costs and hiring of additional staff.
(b) Doubling of the training capacity of the WTO
29. In July 2000, the leaders of the eight major industrialized democracies and the President of
the European Commission met in Okinawa for the 26th Summit. Article 35 of the communiqué stated:
“…trade-related capacity building should be substantially expanded, which
would be conducive to the more effective participation of developing countries
in the system, and especially to fuller utilisation of improved market access in their
favour. … We commit ourselves to playing a leading role by strengthening our
support to developing country members for capacity building in line with their
individual needs. … We also call on international organizations including the WTO… to join us in working collectively toward this objective.”
30. As emphasized by the Director-General in his Foreword, the doubling of the capacity of the
Trade Policy Courses would permit the WTO to offer at least one position per year for each
developing and transition economy.  At the same time, this proposal is entirely in line with the recentcommitment of the G8 countries mentioned above and would give tangible evidence to the injunction
that the WTO help implement this commitment.
31. The resources needed with regard to this injunction, including initial one-time start up costs,
amount to CHF 4.5 million for the first year. Th e following year’s estimate, based on the same
assumptions, would amount to some CHF 2.9 million. The details concerning the doubling of thetraining capacity of the WTO can be found in Volume 2 .
(c) Resources for translation
32. The overall workload of translation continues to shown an annual increase which still
outpaces the resources provided for this important aspect of WTO activity.  Specific figures will beprovided to the Committee comparing the translation workload from January through August.
Nevertheless, Language Services already estimates that figures for translation will show an increase
of more than 10% over 1999.
33. Closely linked with the overall increase in translation workload are the reports and documents
related to Dispute Settlement.  While mandated deadlines in the context of the Dispute SettlementUnderstanding (DSU) must receive priority, even these areas are not immune to delays. As a
consequence, the situation becomes critical with regard to other (non-DS-related) documents even
when WTO bodies need them.
34. Taking DS-related translation workload as an example, panel reports, Appellate Body reports
and other Dispute Settlement-related documents account today for a sizeable share of the translation
workload.  The volume, in terms of cases and numbe r of pages, has been growing steadily since the
entry into force of the DSU. In 1999, it amounted to some 10,000 pages.  This has resulted in longerdelays of panel reports and, due to DS-related deadlines, a progressive build-up of a translation
backlog in other sectors.
35. The workload resulting from DS-related documentation has increased from 19 pages per
work-day in 1997, 31 pages in 1998, 48 pages in 1999 and 86 pages in the period from January-May
2000.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 16
36. It is clear that the present situation whereby deadlines for panel reports are often longer than
originally requested or generally desirable, the statutory time-frames for producing Appellate Body
reports cannot be fully respected, and there is an increasing backlog of documents and reports in other
areas, is no longer sustainable.  If statutory deadlines are to be met and other documentation is to be
made available in the three languages of the WTO, resources must be increased.
37. The proposal contained in Volume 2  amounts to CHF 5,200,000 is intended to meet the
minimum requirements in order to assure document and report translation in the WTO.  It does not,
however, assume that the surge in DS-related translation needs in 2000 will be representative of a
continuing trend in this area.
(d) Installation of electrical outlets in conference rooms
38. Several delegations have requested that electrical outlets be installed in meeting rooms in
order to permit participants in meeting to connect portable computers.  The Fondation Internationalepour les Organizations Internationales (FIPOI) has already looked into the question and, on the basis
of their estimates, the cost of undertaking such an installation in conference rooms B, C, F, D, E, F, W
and the new conference room would amount to some CHF 400,000.
IV. OVERALL INCREASE (BASIC AND ENHANCED ACTIVITIES)
39. The following table provides information regarding the proposed increase of
CHF 28.62 million over the 2000 budget of CHF 127.70 million for both basic activities and
enhanced activities:
Consolidated WTO Overall BudgetIncrease
CHF (millions)%
with respect to
2000 budget
Basic Activities:
WTO Secretariat 7.79 6.10%
Appellate Body and its Secretariat 0.73 0.57%
8.52 6.67%
Enhanced Activities:
Integrating technical assistanceactivities into the regular budget 10.00 7.83%
Doubling the WTO training capacity 4.50 3.52%
Resources for translation 5.20 4.07%
Installation of electrical outlets in
conference rooms 0.40 0.31%
20.10 15.73%
Increase for 2001 28.62 22.40%
V. FUNCTIONAL BUDGET
40. Volume 2  provides information with regard to the proposed 2001 budget in a
functional/divisional form.  The presentation includes information on the current staffing situation, as
well as objectives and work programme in a standard format, emphasizing a results-based budgeting
approach, as well as an estimate of the work/hours devoted to technical assistance activities for each
Division.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 17
VI. USE OF 1999 SURPLUS
41. In the report on the Director-General’s Budgetary and Financial Report for 1999 and Report
of the External Auditor (WT/BFA/W/42), it is noted that the Director-General would submit a
proposal on the use of the credit balance amounting to CHF 1,627,110 in the 1999 Surplus Account.
42. Given the necessity to replenish the Appellate Body Operating Fund for 2001, the Director-
General proposes that the positive balance in the 1999 Surplus Account be used to replenish this fund.If this amount is not provided from the 1999 Surplus, it would be necessary to include a
corresponding credit in the proposals for 2001.
*
*          *
      *WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 18
2001 INCOME ESTIMATES
43. It is proposed that the total 2001 Budget for the WTO Secretariat (CHF 133,179,300), the
permanent costs of the Appellate Body and its Secretariat (CHF 3,036,300), and enhanced activities
(CHF 20,100,000), leading to a total of CHF 156,315,600, be financed as follows:
CHF
Contributions assessed on WTO Members 155,000,000
Miscellaneous Income 1,315,600
TOTAL 156,315,600
44. The details of miscellaneous income are as follows:
Miscellaneous Income1999
Actual
CHF2000
Budget
CHF2001
Estimates
CHF
Sale of publications 460,309 300,000 370,000
Profit or (loss) on exchange 200,531        -        -
Savings on previous year's outstanding obligations 196,307 87,000 90,000
Rental of meeting rooms, office space and parking
  At Centre William Rappard to others 116,930 125,000 100,000
Contributions of Obse rver Countries 651,385 550,000 710,000
Other:
 - Interest on Current Account 13,313 20,000 19,000
 - Various 42,326 15,010 26,600
TOTAL 1,681,101 1,097,010 1,315,600
45. On the basis of the proposed expenditure budget for 2001, an amount of CHF 155,000,000 is
to be assessed on Members in the form of contributions.  The draft scale of contributions, which can
be found in Annex E, contains a minimum contribution of 0.015% for Members whose share in the
total trade of all Members is less than 0.015%. The draft scale of contributions for 2001 is based on
the recommendation of the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration contained inWT/BFA/49. The draft scale takes into account the amounts to be deducted from the relevant
contributions for 2001 under the terms of the Early Payment Encouragement Scheme.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 19
ANNEX A-1
2001 PROPOSED BUDGET FOR THE WTO SECRETARIAT
(in Swiss francs)
P 2001
A 2000 Inflation Increase/ Increase/ Total 2001 Expected
R SECTION Budget 1% Statutory (decrease) (decrease) increase/ Estimates Expenditure
T Staff Other (decrease) at 31-07-00
A 1 Staff (Work/years)
(a) Salary 58,524,200 1,091,800 599,200 572,000 169,200 2,432,200 60,956,400 57,183,000
(b) Pensions 11,894,950 208,000 -354,950 112,000 31,600 -3,350 11,891,600 10,747,650
(c) Other Common Staff costs 10,378,150 81,850 508,000 589,850 10,968,000 9,343,300
2 Temporary Assistance 9,826,850 26,000 1,439,150 1,465,150 11,292,000 13,124,600
B 3 Communications
(a) Telecommunications 386,000 182,000 182,000 568,000 459,300
(b) Postage charges 1,227,000 1,227,000 1,143,300
4 Building Facilities
(a) Rental 26,500 13,100 13,100 39,600 37,400
(b) Utilities 1,548,000 32,000 4,000 5,000 12,000 53,000 1,601,000 1,545,900
(c) Maintenance and Insurance 880,000 4,000 43,000 47,000 927,000 868,300
5 Permanent Equipment 3,299,250 48,000 -32,300 74,000 899,550 989,250 4,288,500 3,169,600
6 Expendable Equipment 1,200,070 64,600 59,675 124,275 1,324,345 1,194,800
7 Contractual Services
(a) Reproduction 1,267,000 -50,000 -50,000 1,217,000 1,222,100
(b) Office Automation /
Informatics2,098,090 180,300 7,500 455,165 642,965 2,741,055 2,277,500
(c) Other 357,000 -183,000 110,000 -73,000 284,000 173,000
C 8 Staff Overhead Costs
(a) Training 375,000 147,000 147,000 522,000 392,800
(b) Insurance 1,034,000 3,000 42,500 45,500 1,079,500 1,070,900
(c) Joint Services 513,000 6,000 6,000 519,000 510,700
(d) Miscellaneous 39,500 -2,000 10,000 8,000 47,500 82,400
9M i s s i o n s
(a) Official 1,170,000 35,100 35,100 1,205,100 1,170,000
(b) Technical Co-operation 741,000 22,200 22,200 763,200 741,000
10 Trade Policy Training Courses 1,440,000 30,000 20,000 50,000 1,490,000 1,295,800
11 Contribution to ITC 14,199,900 355,600 206,000 561,600 14,761,500 14,199,900
12 Various
(a) Representation and
Hospitality258,000 258,000 258,000
(b) Dispute Settlement Panels 1,010,000 20,000 307,000 327,000 1,337,000 1,306,100
(c) Permanent Group of Experts/
Arbitration under GATS30,000 30,000 30,000
(d) Appellate Body
(e) Library 555,000 35,000 35,000 590,000 546,800
(f) Publications 203,000 95,000 95,000 298,000 191,300
(g) Public Information Activities 262,000 -2,000 -2,000 260,000 241,800
(h) External Auditors 32,000 38,000 38,000 70,000 70,000
(i) Ministerial Meeting 400,000 400,000 400,000
(j) ISO 64,000 -4,000 -4,000 60,000 63,800
(k) Other 47,000 16,000 16,000 63,000 59,300
13 Unforeseen Expenditure 100,000 100,000
TOTAL 125,386,460 1,612,700 997,700 2,730,650 2,451,790 7,792,840 133,179,300 125,120,000
Percentage with respect to 2000
Budget1.29% 0.79% 2.18% 1.96% 6.22%WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 20
ANNEX A-2
2001 PROPOSED BUDGET FOR THE APPELLATE BODY AND ITS SECRETARIAT
(in Swiss francs)
P 2001
A 2000 Inflation Increase/ Increase/ Total 2001 Expected
R SECTION Budget 1% Statutory (decrease) (decrease) increase/ Estimates Expenditure
T Staff Other (decrease) at 31.07.00
A 1 Staff(Work/years)
(a) Salary 1,178,800 19500 -173,200 343,200 189,500 1,368,300 976,600
(b) Pensions 229,800 3700 -33,700 67,200 37,200 267,000 187,500
(c) Other Common Staff costs 183,550 -5,350 304,800 299,450 483,000 124,000
2 Temporary Assistance 18,000 90,500 90,500 108,500 29,000
B 3 Communications 6,500 0 6,500
(a) Telecommunications 10,800
(b) Postage charges
4 Building Facilities
(a) Rental
(b) Utilities 3,000 9,000 12,000 12,000
(c) Maintenance and Insurance 10,000 10,000 10,000 500
5 Permanent Equipment 31,250 450 44,400 27,800 72,650 103,900 29,200
6 Expendable Equipment 17,350 350 350 17,700 16,600
7 Contractual Services
(a) Reproduction 15,000 0 15,000 15,000
(b) Office Automation /
Informatics4,500 4,500 4,500
(c) Other 1,300
C 8 Staff Overhead Costs
(a) Training
(b) Insurance 1,200 1,800 3,000 3,000
(c) Joint Services
(d) Miscellaneous 2,000 6,000 6,000 8,000
9M i s s i o n s
(a) Official 9,000 300 0 300 9,300 9,000
(b) Technical Co-operation
10 Trade Policy Training Courses
11 Contribution to ITC
12 Various
(a) Representation and Hospitality 1,000 0 1,000 1,000
(b) Dispute Settlement Panels
(c) Permanent Group of Experts/
Arbitration under GATS
(d) Appellate Body Members 615,200 0 615,200 584,600
(e) Library 3,100 300 300 3,400 4,400
(f) Publications
(g) Public Information Activities
(h) External Auditors
(i) Ministerial Meeting
(j) ISO
(k) Other
13 Unforeseen Expenditure
TOTAL 2,310,550 24,600 -211,050 865,400 46,800 725,750 3,036,300 1,989,500
Percentage with respect to 1999 Budget 1.06% -9.13% 37.45% 2.03% 31.41%WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 21
ANNEX B
ORGANIZATIONAL EVOLUTION SINCE 1985
GATT
Number of Posts
YearAppropriations
CHFActual
Expenditure
CHFPermanentTemporary
AssistanceUruguay Round TPRM Total
P and
aboveGS P and
aboveGS P and
aboveGS P and
aboveGS
1985
19861987
1988
19891990
1991
19921993
199457,540,000
59,592,58061,122,300
61,439,000
65,186,80274,571,000
78,724,802
85,973,32789,850,075
97,846,00054,834,089
55,063,88956,970,229
61,395,855
65,186,80274,832,327
78,720,410
83,452,61989,850,075
97,132,961134
134141
143
144144
144
144145
145166
169170
169
168168
168
168168
16826
2220
20
2323
23
2324
42.545
4140
40
4141
41
4145
51-
-
12
15
1520
20
2020
17-
-
15.5
19.5
2130
30
3030
28-
--
-
49
9
1010
10-
--
-
26
6
88
8371
366
398.5
406.5
418441
441
444450
469.5
WTO
YearAppropriations
CHFHuman Resources
Work/Years Temporary Assistance
P and above GS TotalP and above
CHFGS
CHFTOTAL
CHF
1995 105,389,500 a/ 200 245 445 5,647,500 2,307,000 7,954,500
1996 115,693,503 250 263 513 4,720,000 2,323,000 7,043,000
1997 114,111,750 b/ 246 261 507 6,098,000 2,723,000 8,821,000
1,581,000 c/ 4 2 6 - 4,500 4,500
1998 114,399,250 b/ 248 259 507 6,098,000 2,723,000 8,821,000
1,579,600 c/ 4 2 6 - 4,500 4,500
1999 120,204,500 b/ 524
1,990,950 c/ 99,336,750
4,500
2000125,386,460
2,310,550b/
c/530
99,826,850
18,000
2001133,179,300
3,036,300
20,100,000d/
e/
f/540*
15*
3611,292,000
108,500
3,198,300
a/ WTO/GATT.
b/ WTO Secretariat.c/  Appellate Body (permanent costs).d/ Proposed WTO budget.
e/ Proposed Appellate Body budget (permanent costs).
f/ Enhanced activities.
* - Including proposed new postsWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 22
ANNEX C
TABLE OF REGULAR STAFF POSITIONS
(in work/ years)
Division Grades 1-
10Grades 11-
12
DirectorsSenior
ManagementTotal
Senior Management 4 5 9
Office of the Director-General1313 1 14
Accessions Division 7 1 8
Agriculture and Commodities Division 14 1 15
Council Division 7.5 1 8.5
Development Division 8 1 9
Economic Research and Analysis Division 11.5 1 12.5
External Relations Division 7 1 8
Finance and General Services Division 72 1 73
Informatics Division 15 1 16
Information and Media Relations Division 28.5 1 29.5
Intellectual Property Division 11 1 12
Language Services and Documentation Division 136 1 137
Legal Affairs Division 14 1 15
Market Access Division 13 1 14
Ministerial Sessi ons Division 5 1 6
Personnel Division 12.5 1 13.5
Rules Division 12 1 13
Statistics 26 1 27
Technical Co-operation 14 1 15
Textiles Division 3.5 1 4.5
Textiles Monitoring Body 1 1 2
Trade and Environment Division 9 1 10
Trade and Finance Division 5 2 7
Trade in Services Division 14 1 15
Trade Policies Review Division 27.5 1 28.5
Training Division 7 1 8
SUB-TOTAL 498 26 6 530
Appellate Body 8 1 9
TOTAL 506 27 6 539
                                                     
13 Including the Secretariat Working Group on LDCs/Integrated FrameworkWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 23
ANNEX D
SCHEDULE OF TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE
(in Swiss francs)
2000
Budget2001
Estimates
  -  Interpreters 870,000 870,000
  -  Translators 3,453,000 4,000,000
  -  Other Professionals 509,350 700,000
  -  Replacements 375,000 375,000
  -  Consultants EDP 1,862,500 2,000,000
  -  Secretaries/Clerks 238,000 538,000
  -  Proofreaders 25,000 25,000
  -  Pool 510,000 600,000
  -  Messengers/Drivers/Guards/Manual Workers 370,000 370,000
  -  Roneo 379,000 379,000
  -  Conference Staff 125,000 125,000
  -  Overtime 500,000 500,000
  -  Internships 100,000 150,000
  -  Common Staff Costs 510,000 660,000
  TOTAL 9,826,850 11,292,000WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 24
ANNEX E
DRAFT SCALE OF CONTRIBUTIONS FOR 2001
(Minimum contribution of 0.015%)
2000 2001 INTEREST 2001 NET
MEMBERS CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION EARNED  1CONTRIBUTION
CHF % CHF CHF CHF
Albania 0.015 23,250 23,250
Angola 77,226 0.061 94,550 94,550
Antigua and Barbuda 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Argentina 577,296 0.536 830,800 (4) 830,796
Australia 1,648,332 1.295 2,007,250 (4,941) 2,002,309
Austria 1,905,330 1.526 2,365,300 (5,644) 2,359,656
Bahrain 96,216 0.075 116,250 (251) 115,999
Bangladesh 125,334 0.104 161,200 161,200
Barbados 24,054 0.020 31,000 (22) 30,978
Belgium 3,608,100 2.781 4,310,550 (9,844) 4,300,706
Belize 18,990 0.015 23,250 (115) 23,135
Benin 18,990 0.015 23,250 (15) 23,235
Bolivia 31,650 0.027 41,850 (5) 41,845
Botswana 49,374 0.039 60,450 60,450
Brazil 1,301,448 1.049 1,625,950 1,625,950
Brunei Darussalam 59,502 0.047 72,850 (99) 72,751
Bulgaria 130,398 0.099 153,450 (95) 153,355
Burkina Faso 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Burundi 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Cameroon 36,714 0.029 44,950 (75) 44,875
Canada 4,938,666 3.902 6,048,100 (15,158) 6,032,942
Central African Republic 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Chad 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Chile 424,110 0.336 520,800 (1,081) 519,719
Colombia 331,692 0.255 395,250 (836) 394,414
Congo 32,916 0.026 40,300 40,300
Costa Rica 87,354 0.095 147,250 (93) 147,157
Côte d'Ivoire 86,088 0.074 114,700 (179) 114,521
Cuba 68,364 0.054 83,700 (191) 83,509
Cyprus 74,694 0.069 106,950 (210) 106,740
Czech Republic 641,862 0.533 826,150 (1,900) 824,250
Democratic Republic of the Congo 25,320 0.025 38,750 38,750
Denmark 1,290,054 1.004 1,556,200 (3,830) 1,552,370
Djibouti 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Dominica 18,990 0.015 23,250 (82) 23,168
Dominican Republic 137,994 0.121 187,550 187,550
Ecuador 112,674 0.092 142,600 (36) 142,564
Egypt 335,490 0.272 421,600 (940) 420,660
El Salvador 62,034 0.053 82,150 (97) 82,053
Estonia 78,492 0.062 96,100 96,100
European Communities 0 0.000 0 0
Fiji 22,788 0.018 27,900 (104) 27,796
                                                     
1 Interest earned in 1999 under the Early Payment Encouragement Scheme (L/6384) and to be deducted from the 2001
contribution.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 25
2000 2001 INTEREST 2001 NET
MEMBERS CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION EARNED  1CONTRIBUTION
CHF % CHF CHF CHF
Finland 910,254 0.713 1,105,150 (2,495) 1,102,655
France 7,351,662 5.780 8,959,000 (20,281) 8,938,719
Gabon 46,842 0.037 57,350 (8) 57,342
Gambia 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Georgia 0.016 24,800 24,800
Germany 12,271,338 9.741 15,098,550 (22,030) 15,076,520
Ghana 40,512 0.035 54,250 (119) 54,131
Greece 419,046 0.330 511,500 (431) 511,069
Grenada 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Guatemala 69,630 0.060 93,000 (176) 92,824
Guinea 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Guinea-Bissau 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Guyana 18,990 0.015 23,250 (68) 23,182
Haiti 18,990 0.015 23,250 (55) 23,195
Honduras 43,044 0.038 58,900 (118) 58,782
Hong Kong, China 4,586,718 3.615 5,603,250 (15,110) 5,588,140
Hungary 493,740 0.397 615,350 (1,109) 614,241
Iceland 51,906 0.045 69,750 (154) 69,596
India 1,050,780 0.830 1,286,500 1,286,500
Indonesia 1,214,094 0.932 1,444,600 1,444,600
Ireland 1,216,626 0.955 1,480,250 (3,006) 1,477,244
Israel 696,300 0.556 861,800 (1,842) 859,958
Italy 5,990,712 4.712 7,303,600 (14,130) 7,289,470
Jamaica 72,162 0.060 93,000 (83) 92,917
Japan 9,132,924 7.181 11,130,550 (14,804) 11,115,746
Jordan 0.071 110,050 110,050
Kenya 65,832 0.052 80,600 (124) 80,476
Korea, Republic of 3,358,698 2.556 3,961,800 (4,786) 3,957,014
Kuwait 273,456 0.217 336,350 (811) 335,539
Kyrgyz Republic 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Latvia 65,832 0.051 79,050 (60) 78,990
Lesotho 18,990 0.015 23,250 (42) 23,208
Liechtenstein 35,448 0.028 43,400 (119) 43,281
Luxembourg 360,810 0.298 461,900 (553) 461,347
Macau, China 79,758 0.064 99,200 (221) 98,979
Madagascar 18,990 0.015 23,250 (113) 23,137
Malawi 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Malaysia 1,868,616 1.469 2,276,950 (2,343) 2,274,607
Maldives 18,990 0.015 23,250 (107) 23,143
Mali 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Malta 64,566 0.050 77,500 (143) 77,357
Mauritania 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Mauritius 54,438 0.044 68,200 (146) 68,054
Mexico 2,500,350 1.967 3,048,850 (1,323) 3,047,527
Mongolia 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Morocco 205,092 0.164 254,200 (434) 253,766
Mozambique 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Myanmar, Union of 18,990 0.033 51,150 (90) 51,060
Namibia 37,980 0.031 48,050 (99) 47,951
Netherlands, Kingdom of the 4,366,434 3.449 5,345,950 (10,560) 5,335,390WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 26
2000 2001 INTEREST 2001 NET
MEMBERS CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION EARNED  1CONTRIBUTION
CHF % CHF CHF CHF
New Zealand 368,406 0.291 451,050 (1,097) 449,953
Nicaragua 21,522 0.018 27,900 (14) 27,886
Niger 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Nigeria 289,914 0.223 345,650 345,650
Norway 1,181,178 0.929 1,439,950 (3,497) 1,436,453
Pakistan 249,402 0.196 303,800 303,800
Panama 168,378 0.132 204,600 204,600
Papua New Guinea 53,172 0.039 60,450 (93) 60,357
Paraguay 59,502 0.075 116,250 (42) 116,208
Peru 182,304 0.148 229,400 (50) 229,350
Philippines 844,422 0.664 1,029,200 1,029,200
Poland 815,304 0.712 1,103,600 (2,084) 1,101,516
Portugal 764,664 0.624 967,200 (1,820) 965,380
Qatar 69,630 0.064 99,200 (129) 99,071
Romania 226,614 0.183 283,650 (519) 283,131
Rwanda 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Saint Lucia 18,990 0.015 23,250 (69) 23,181
Senegal 29,118 0.024 37,200 (119) 37,081
Sierra Leone 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Singapore 3,077,646 2.308 3,577,400 (6,177) 3,571,223
Slovak Republic 270,924 0.214 331,700 (767) 330,933
Slovenia 225,348 0.178 275,900 (654) 275,246
Solomon Islands 18,990 0.015 23,250 (81) 23,169
South Africa 710,226 0.565 875,750 (1,975) 873,775
Spain 3,119,424 2.483 3,848,650 (6,063) 3,842,587
Sri Lanka 116,472 0.097 150,350 (242) 150,108
St. Kitts and Nevis 18,990 0.015 23,250 (69) 23,181
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 18,990 0.015 23,250 (32) 23,218
Suriname 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Swaziland 24,054 0.018 27,900 (110) 27,790
Sweden 1,961,034 1.546 2,396,300 (4,905) 2,391,395
Switzerland 2,249,682 1.624 2,517,200 (5,675) 2,511,525
Tanzania 34,182 0.027 41,850 (1) 41,849
Thailand 1,440,708 1.134 1,757,700 (4,221) 1,753,479
Togo 18,990 0.015 23,250 23,250
Trinidad and Tobago 40,512 0.047 72,850 (23) 72,827
Tunisia 172,176 0.139 215,450 (492) 214,958
Turkey 954,564 0.840 1,302,000 (1,623) 1,300,377
Uganda 24,054 0.019 29,450 29,450
United Arab Emirates 681,108 0.534 827,700 (1,481) 826,219
"United Kingdom of Great Britain
  and Northern Ireland"7,640,310 6.006 9,309,300 (19,523) 9,289,777
United States of America 19,897,722 15.672 24,291,600 (2,665) 24,288,935
Uruguay 81,024 0.069 106,950 (7) 106,943
Venezuela 419,046 0.336 520,800 520,800
Zambia 27,852 0.022 34,100 34,100
Zimbabwe 45,576 0.034 52,700 (131) 52,569
TOTAL 126,600,000 100.00 155,000,000 230,390 154,769,610WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 27
BASIC ACTIVITIES
2001 DETAILED BUDGET ESTIMATES
WTO Secretariat14
Part A - Staff
Part A of the budget proposals cover all salary, pension and common staff costs for those staff in
regular positions and those hired under temporary assistance.  For regular staff, standard costing has
been used.  Standard costs are composed of a number of elements under Salaries and Common Staff
Costs; they can vary from year to year with changes in the cost of living, conditions of service, places
of recruitment, number of expected retirement s and home leave entitlements (authorized every second
year). Since 1 January 1999, the WTO Conditions of Service are applied.  These conditions of serviceinclude, inter alia , the provision that "Salaries… shall be on a single scale covering all levels of
functions…"
15 Therefore, there are single appropriations for salaries, pension contributions and other
common staff costs.
EVOLUTION OF STANDARD COSTS 2000-2001
46. The evolution of standard costs from 2000 to the proposals for 2001 is based on the following
elements:  with regard to salaries, the net increase is due to changes in the staff population as well as
implementation of the WTO salary index system, which is based on (i) the extent to which thepurchasing power of selected national civil service salaries have been maintained and (ii) movement
of the Swiss consumer price index. The provision for salaries also includes the regrading of 30 postsin 2001. Concerning other common staff costs, the most significant movements relate to increases in
family allowances and education grants, mirroring the changing make up of the Secretariat staff, anddecreases with regard to travel and removal as well as language allowances.
                                                     
    14  Not including the Appellate Body and its Secretariat.
   15  WT/L/282, Annex 2, Compensation Philosophy, paragraph 10.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 28
47. The following table shows the evolution of standard costs from the 2000 budget to the
proposals for 2001:
Standard Costs for WTO staff CHF
2000 Budget 2001 Budget
Proposals
(a) Salary 111,100 113,900
(b) Contribution to th e WTO Pension Plan 22,600 22,200
(c) Other common staff costs:
- sickness and lost of earnings insurance 5,900 5,900
- rental subsidy 500 500
- travel and removal 600 400
- family allowances 5,500 5,900
- language allowances 700 600
- education grants 3,400 3,600
- home leave travel 1,300 1,300
- various other staff costs (non-residential allowances,
installation and repatriation grants and separationpayments) 1,700
1,600
19,600 19,800
TOTAL 153,300 155,900
EVOLUTION OF OVERALL STAFF COSTS 2000-2001
48. With regard to salaries, changes in the staff population as well as statutory entitlements amount
to a decrease of CHF 811,100.  Annual adjustment to sa laries reflects only the extent to which the
purchasing power of selected national civil service salaries, namely France, Germany, Japan, the
United Kingdom and the United States of America, has been maintained. The basis is contained in
Regulation 6.2 of the WTO Staff Regulations (Conditions of Service Applicable to the Staff of theWTO Secretariat, WT/L/282, Annex 2) which states  that "The WTO shall establish a salary scale
which shall be adjusted annually… subject to the constraint that the annual adjustment shall not
exceed, on a cumulative basis, the movement of the Swiss consumer price index." The movement of
the Swiss consumer price index is measured over the 12-month period ending on 30 June on the basis
of statistical data provided by the "Office cantonal de la statistique" in Geneva, which publishes amonthly statistical bulletin.  For the year ending 30 June 2000, the cantonal authorities have reported
that the Swiss Consumer Price Index increased by 1.9%.
49. In order to fund the six new posts for 2000 which were financed for a partial year (see
footnote 6, paragraph 11 of Intr oduction), an amount of CHF 261,000 is required.  With regard to
performance pay, it will be recalled that the modalitie s of its introduction are currently under discussion
in the Committee on Budget, Finance and Admini stration. Consequently, a provision for the
continuation of the present system is included in the proposals.
50. In addition to the above-mentioned statutory/manda ted changes in the provision for salaries, two
other elements enter into the total proposed credit for 2001. They concern the costs related toWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 29
(i) regradings and (ii) the 10 new posts requeste d.  It is proposed that an amount of CHF 169,200 be
allocated for 30 regradings.  The salary costs for the 10 new proposed positions amount to CHF 572,000
for 6 months.
51. The reasons for the evolution of costs for pens ion contributions and ot her common staff costs
are basically the same as those outlined with regard to salaries.  Nevertheless, it should be noted that
while the provisions for salary indexation, annual salary increments and regradings impact on thepension contributions, they have no influence on other common staff costs.
52. The following table is a summary of the above-mentioned information:
Salary
CHFPension
Contributions
CHFOther Common
Staff Costs
CHFTotal
CHF
2000 approved appropriations1658,524,200 11,894,950 10,378,150 80,797,300
Statutory increases/(decreases):
  Staff population, statutory entitlements (811,100)17(620,850) 109,850 (1,322,100)
  WTO salary index system 1,091,800 208,000        - 1,299,800
  Full funding of new 2000 posts 261,000 47,000 (28,000) 280,000
  Annual salary increments 1,149,300 218,900        - 1,368,200
  Sub-total statutory Increases/(decreases) 1,691,000 (146,950) 81,850 1,625,900
Other increases:
  Regradings 169,200 31,600        - 200,800
  10 new posts 572,000 112,000 508,000 1,192,00018
  Sub-total other costs 741,200 143,600 508,000 1,392,800
Total of statutory and other increases 2,432,200 (3,350) 589,850 3,018,700
TOTAL PROPOSED CREDITS  FOR
200060,956,400 11,891,600 10,968,000 83,816,000
                                                     
16 1999 approved appropriations are the respective totals of allocations which were provided separately
for former Professional and General Service categories.
17 Including reinstatement of vacant post reduction for 2000.
18 Not including CHF 95,100 related to one-time non-salary costs (advertisements, office furniture and
equipment).WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 30
Section 1 - Work/Years CHF 83,816,000
2000 Budget CHF 80,797,300
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 77,273,600
1999 Expenditure CHF 71,956 6091998 Expenditure CHF 70,457,354
(a) Salary CHF  60,956,400
2000 Budget CHF 58,524,200
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 57,183,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 52,522,4011998 Expenditure CHF 52,535,097
53. The salary scale of the WTO staff and its annual adjustment is based on the WTO Staff
Regulations article 6.2.  The 2001 estimate represents the costs of salary for 530 work/years in the
WTO Secretariat.  In addition, the estimate includes ten new posts for 2001, costed at six months. Thedetails of the proposed provision for salaries are provided in paragraphs: 45 to 49 above.
(b) Contribution to the WT O Pension Plan CHF  11,891,600
2000 Budget CHF 11,894,950
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 10,747,3001999 Expenditure CHF  9,898,705
1998 Expenditure CHF  9 ,906,213
54. The contributions to the WTO Pension Plan are based on the Regulations of the WTO
Pension Plan, Articles 20 and 21.  The contribution of the participant and of the WTO correspond to7.5 per cent and 15 per cent of personable remuneration, respectively.  Compared to the 2000 budget,
there is a total decrease of CHF 3,350.  This decrease is mainly statutory in nature. (see footnote 4,
paragraph 11 of Introduction)
(c) Other Common Staff Costs CHF  10,968,000
2000 Budget CHF 10,378,150
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF  9,343,300
1999 Expenditure CHF  9,535,503
1998 Expenditure CHF  8,016,044
55. The estimate for Common Staff Costs includes provision for sickness insurance, family
allowances, language allowances, education grants, travel on home leave, installation grants, traveland removal and other common staff costs such as non-residential allowances, repatriation grants and
rental subsidies.  These costs have been calculated in accordance with the entitlements under the
WTO Staff Regulations.  They are based on the actual situation with regard to the staff, including
projected retirements and turnover.
56. The 2001 common staff costs show an overall increase of CHF 589,850 compared to that of
the 2000 Budget. Of the total increase in the allocation, approximately 86% is related to the additional
staff being requested and includes provisions related one-time costs such as travel and installation
grants. More marginal movement in the proposed a llocation results mainly from increases foreseen in
the Group Sickness Insurance Plan as well as in the service-incurred loss of income insurance plan.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 31
Section 2 - Temporary Assistance CHF  11,292,000
2000 Budget CHF  9,826,850
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 13,124,600
1999 Expenditure CHF 12,299,267
1998 Expenditure CHF 13,142,448
57. The allocation for temporary assistance covers freelance interpreters and translators,
consultants, secretaries, clerks, typists and other temporary staff.  It also covers the replacement of
staff on long sick or maternity leave.  The proposed 2001 allocation shows an increase of
CHF 1,465,150 compared to the 2000 budget.  The increase provides for professional-level
consultants, including for Informatics/EDP, as well as translators19, other professionals,
secretaries/clerks, temporary staff for the text processing section, and internships. The table providedin Annex D gives a break-down of the various elements of temporary assistance.
Part B - Administrative Costs
Administrative costs include the maintenance and in surance of the building and associated facilities,
permanent and expendable equipment, communication costs, costs related to the reproduction ofdocuments and those for informatics/office automation.
Section 3 - Communications CHF 1,795,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,613,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,602,600
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,572,953
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,821,849
(a) Telecommunications CHF  568,000
2000 Budget CHF 386,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 459,300
1999 Expenditure CHF 456,4931998 Expenditure CHF 556,180
58. The estimate of CHF 568,000 provides for telefax, telex and telephone communications as
well as for the rental of telephone lines, call boxes, etc.  The increase of CHF 182,000 over the 2000
Budget is primarily due to the result of rental cost of the fibre-optic cable linking the Centre WilliamRappard (CWR) and the new office premises in the Avenue Blanc as well as to provide a remote
access system for staff on mission or working from home.
(b) Postal charges CHF 1,227,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,227,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,143,300
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,116,460
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,265,669
                                                     
19   In order to maintain current translation production.  See also paragraphs 136 to 145, enhanced
activities, resources for translation.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 32
59. The estimate provides for the cost of postage, pouch services (through the United Nations)
and of freight and cartage.  It is proposed to maintain this credit at the same level of 2000.
Section 4 - Building Facilities CHF 2,567,600
2000 Budget CHF 2,454,500
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 2,451,6001999 Expenditure CHF 2,403,278
1998 Expenditure CHF 2,417,652
(a) Rental of premises CHF 39,600
2000 Budget CHF 26,500
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 37,4001999 Expenditure CHF 27,900
1998 Expenditure CHF 26,700
60. This estimate provides for the rental of storage and parking space.  The increase of
CHF13,100 is mainly due to rental of 3 parking spaces for the new office premises in the AvenueBlanc and for additional storage space for documents.
(b) Utilities CHF 1,601,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,548,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,545,9001999 Expenditure CHF 1,459,099
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,352,774
61. The estimate covers the cost of electricity, water and heating as well as the cost of contractual
cleaning for the whole of the Centre William Rappa rd (CWR).  The increase of CHF 53,000 over the
2000 Budget is mainly due to the increased cost of heating oil.
(c) Maintenance and Insurance CHF  927,000
2000 Budget CHF 880,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 868,3001999 Expenditure CHF 916,279
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,038,178
62. This provision covers the maintenance of the building, fire equipment, snow removal, minor
renovations, building insurance, sanitary equipment and supplies as well as security measures. It is
proposed that the credit be increased by CHF 47,000 to cover the cost of minor renovations.  Under
the terms of the Headquarters Agreement, the Swiss authorities provide for basic maintenance whilethe WTO is responsible for the day-to-day maintenance work of the CWR.
Section 5 - Permanent Equipment CHF 4,288,500
2000 Budget CHF 3,299,250
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 3,169,6001999 Expenditure CHF 3,398,524
1998 Expenditure CHF 2,955,627WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 33
63. This section covers the cost of permanent equipment items valued at over CHF 5,000 and/or a
life-span over five years.  It comprises both pur chase and lease costs.  An amount of CHF 407,000 is
foreseen for the programme of regular replacement, refurbishment of furniture resulting from normal
wear and tear, as well as furniture for the projected new staff. The cost of purchase and leasing of
EDP equipment: hardware including computers, pr inters, scanners CD-ROM readers; and software
amounts to CHF 2,868,400.  The amount includes a provision for computers and printers in respect ofthe projected new staff, and the general update and maintenance of other equipment used for the LAN
such as hubs, fibre-optic cables, cards, disks, scanners as well as laptops to be used by staff on
missions.  An amount of CHF 166,200 is foreseen for communications equipment such as fax
machines, portable phones, as well as hardware for the Voice Mail and Smart Card servers, both of
which are reaching the end of their serviceable life.  The leasing arrangement for hardware in
conjunction with the informatics programme includes software for the decentralized budget and
management of trust fund activities.  Audio visual equipment amounts to CHF 60,600 and includesthe upgrading of the video conference equipment,  video equipment for recording simulation exercise
and workshops.  An amount of CHF 217,000 is foreseen for the leasing of the switchboard and related
equipment which was approved in the 1998 budget, and CHF 125,000 for the leasing of photocopiers
including those for the new office premise.  Other costs such as the replacement of a car, cabin for the
security guard at the Chemin des Mines parking, and the purchase of reproduction of equipmentamount to CHF 444,300.  The total proposed permanent equipment credit for 2001 is increased by
CHF 989,250 which is mainly due to purchase and upgrading of computers and software and the
purchase of communications equipment.  The estimate can be summarized as follows:
Permanent E
quipment CHF 
Office furniture
     - replacement 407,00020
Computing and EDP equipment
     - purchase 1,986,60021
     - lease 881,800 2,868,400
Audio visual equipment 60,600
Communications equipment 166,200
Switchboard etc. (lease) 217,000
Office photocopiers (lease) 125,000
Other (including official vehicle, security system, and
  Reproduction equipment) 444,300
TOTAL 4,288,500
Section 6 - Expendable Equipment CHF 1,324,345
2000 Budget CHF 1,200,070
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,194,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,059,1091998 Expenditure CHF 1,176,013
64. The estimate for expendable equipment covers stationery and other general office supplies,
EDP supplies (toner for printers, spare parts, maintenance and supplies), paper and other supplies for
reproduction equipment, electrical and other tools for the maintenance of the building, and uniformsfor guards and drivers.  The proposed allocation for 2001 is increased by CHF 124,275 compared to
                                                     
20  Including an amount of CHF 35,000 for the new staff proposed.
21  Including an amount of CHF 39,000 for the new staff proposed.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 34
that of the 2000 Budget.  This is mainly due to an increase in EDP and building supplies.  The
proposed allocation can be summarised as follows:
Expendable E quipment CHF
Office supplies 254,700
EDP supplies (toner and other various supplies) 181,245
Reproduction costs (paper and supplies) 768,000
Other supplies 120,400
TOTAL 1,324,345
Section 7 - Contractual Services CHF 4,242,055
2000 Budget CHF 3,722,900
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 3,672,600
1999 Expenditure CHF 3,160,096
1998 Expenditure CHF 3,249,691
(a) Reproduction CHF 1,217,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,267,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,222,100
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,098,3401998 Expenditure CHF 1,217,793
65. The estimate for reproduction includes costs related to all the major reproduction machines,
the cost of copies on these machines and the rental of high capacity photocopiers in the Documents
Reproduction and Distribution Section.  Compared to the 2000 Budget, the amount foreseen for 2001
shows an decrease of CHF 50,000, which primarily concerns the costs of copies, which is directly
related to the decrease in the requirement of microfiches:
Re
production CHF 
Cost of copies 492,000
Rental costs of reproduction equipment 575,000
Maintenance 100,000
Other costs (including the production of documents on microfiches) 50,000
TOTAL 1,217,000
(b) Office Automation/Informatics CHF 2,741,055
2000 Budget CHF 2,098,090
2000 Expected0 Expenditure CHF 2,277,500
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,685,413
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,770,776
66. The estimates includes:  (i) credits for computer use at the International Computing Centre
(site maintenance, data storage, line charges and maintenance, data computer centre, data encryption
servers and licenses, etc.), amounting to CHF 1,195,600;  (ii) EDP insurance for portable PCs
amounting to CHF 21,000; and (iii) costs for EDP maintenance, up-grades, purchase of software andWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 35
cost of licences amounting to CHF 1,524,455.  The proposed 2001 allocation, compared to 2000
Budget, shows an increase of CHF 642,965 primar ily with regard to EDP software licenses,
maintenance and up-grading.
67. In addition to the ongoing support and maintenance of existing systems, licenses and
databases, the increase envisages the enhancement of the WTO Web sites incorporating the Dispute
Settlement Database, phase two of the Document  Distribution Facility, Electronic-WTO Directory,
Library System and Statistical Systems.   Provision is made for the support of special events that
include Web casting, Videoconferencing as well as improved remote accesses to the Local Area
Network (LAN).  The WTO IT Security System has to be reviewed constantly. Provision has also
been made for E-mail Archiving, phase three of the Registry Automation System, Global Contacts
Database and various other Administrative Systems such as the migration to ‘Oracle version 11.i
(internet) allowing more cost effect exchanges using WEB facilities.
(c) Other CHF 284,000
2000 Budget CHF 357,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 173,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 376,343
1998 Expenditure CHF 261,122
68. This estimate covers the maintenance and repair costs of official vehicles, petrol, oil and
related insurance costs as well as maintenance costs for simultaneous interpretation system and office
equipment.  A decrease of CHF 73,000 in the 2000 budget is proposed for 2001.
Part C - Other Costs
Other costs cover staff overhead costs (training,  insurance and costs related to shared common
services), missions, hospitality, Dispute Settlement Panels, the Permanent Group of Experts, Trade
Policy Training Courses, public information activ ities, external auditors, contribution to the
International Trade Centre, and unforeseen expenditure.
Section 8 - Staff Overhead Costs CHF 2,168,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,961,500
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 2,056,8001999 Expenditure CHF 1,794,782
1998 Expenditure CHF 2,329,333
(a) Training CHF 522,000
2000 Budget CHF 375,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 392,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 315,703
1998 Expenditure CHF 357,758
69. The proposed provision for training includes the costs of language training courses organized
by the United Nations, training with regard to informatics programmes, and management training for
WTO staff.  The proposed increase of CHF 147,000 is primarily for EDP (informatics, statistics and
technical support) as well as management training for staff, including training for managers in
conjunction with the introduction of the the system of  performance pay.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 36
(b) Insurance CHF 1,079,500
2000 Budget CHF 1,034,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,070,900
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,008,9381998 Expenditure CHF 867,682
70. This provision covers the costs of insurance under Annex 3 of the WTO Staff Rules in respect
of Secretariat staff.  It also includes a provision w ith regard to health insura nce for retired staff. The
increase of CHF 45,500 is in large measure due to an increase in medical insurance premiums as well
as to a growing number of retired staff.
(c) Joint Services CHF 519,000
1999 Budget CHF   513,000
1999 Expected Expenditure CHF    510,700
1998 Expenditure CHF    439,077
1997 Expenditure CHF 1,083,948
71. This estimate provides for the WTO's share in the running costs of the Administrative
Tribunal of the International Labour Organization, the Consultative Committee on Administrative
Questions, the Joint Purchase Unit and the Joint Medical Service.  Compared to the Budget of 2000,
there is an increase of CHF 6,000 proposed for 2001.
(d) Miscellaneous CHF 47,500
2000 Budget CHF 39,500
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 82,400
1999 Expenditure CHF 31,0641998 Expenditure CHF 19,945
72. These estimate covers administrative costs such as those related to the issuance of laissez-
passez  and passports as well as the advertising of vacancy announcements.  The provision is increased
by CHF 8,000 compared to the 2000 Budget, primarily for the costs of advertising related to the
proposed new posts.
Section 9 - Missions CHF 1,968,300
2000 Budget CHF 1,911,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,911,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,508,086
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,488,262
73. It should be mentioned that the overall need for missions, whether they be consultations with
Governments, attending meetings of other international organizations (World Bank, International
Monetary Fund, OECD), or providing technical co -operation assistance to developing countries,
continues to increase with the higher visibility and greater interest in the WTO.  Technicalcooperation with least developed and developing countries is covered from two sources:  (i) the
annual WTO budget, as well as (ii) trust funds.
22 On the other hand, official missions are funded only
                                                     
  22   See also proposal to incorporate technical assistance activities into the regular budget, paragraphs
108 to 124 under enhanced activities.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 37
from the WTO budget. The only increases below reflect information relative to a 3 per cent increase
in air tickets as a result of the world-wide increase in petroleum products.
(a) Official Missions CHF 1,205,100
2000 Budget CHF 1,170,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,170,0001999 Expenditure CHF 833,063
1998 Expenditure CHF 823,461
74. These estimate covers the payment of travel expenses, subsistence allowances and other
incidental expenses related to official missions.  An increase of CHF 35,100 compared to 2000 is
foreseen due to inflation.
(b) Technical Co-operation CHF 763,200
2000 Budget CHF 741,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 741,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 675,023
1998 Expenditure CHF 664,801
75. This estimate provides for the payment of travel expenses, subsistence allowances and other
incidental expenses relating to staff travelling on technical co-operation missions. An increase of
CHF 22,200 compared to 2000 is foreseen due to inflation.
Section 10 - Trade Policy Training Courses CHF 1,490,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,440,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,295,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,233,018
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,243,131
76. This estimate provides for three Regular Trade Policy Training Courses in 2001 in Geneva23.
The courses are open to officials from all developing countries which have, or may have in the future,
responsibilities in the formulation and conduct of foreign trade policy.  The number of participants in
each training course is set at twenty-six for two courses and twenty-seven for one course, an increasefrom the current number of twenty-four. The proposed increase for 2001 reflects entirely a foreseen
increase in the costs of lodging in Geneva, the first increase in nine years.  Each of the Trade Policy
Training Courses lasts three months. Following are th e details of the estimated costs of the courses for
2001:
                                                     
    23  In addition, special courses are organised at the request of sponsoring governments under Trust Funds
(see Annex G).WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 38
Trade Policy Training Courses16th WTO
Course
(French)
CHF17th WTO
Course
(English)
CHF18th WTO
Course
(English)
CHFTotal
CHF
Lodging (Geneva) 167,000 167,000 173,000 507,000
Subsistence allowance (Geneva) 210,000 210,000 218,000 638,000
Study Tour (lodging and travel) 32,000 32,000 33,000 97,000
Travel (to and from Geneva) 75,000 75,000 75,000 225,000
Miscellaneous 7,500 7,500 8,000 23,000
TOTAL 491,500 491,500 507,000 1,490,000
Section 11 - Contribution to the ITC CHF 14,761,500
2000 Budget CHF 14,199,900
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 14,199,900
1999 Expenditure CHF 14,207,700
1998 Expenditure CHF 12,956,800
77. The provision made under this section covers the contribution to the International Trade
Centre UNCTAD/WTO which was established in accordance with a decision taken by the
CONTRACTING PARTIES on 22 November 1967 (SR.24/14) and Resolution 2297 (XXII) adopted
by the United Nations General Assembly on 12 December 1967, effective 1 January 1968, to the
effect that the ITC would be operated jointly by UNCTAD and GATT on a continuing basis and in
equal partnership.  The WTO has since assumed the responsibilities of GATT in this respect
(WT/GC/M/3, item 6).
78. New administrative arrangements, based on a decision of the WTO General Council in 1995
(WT/GC/M/3), have now been implemented.  The ITC budget is subject to the same preparation and
reporting procedures as the WTO budget itself.  The budget covers a calendar year and is presented inSwiss francs on the basis of exchange rates and inflation factors decided jointly.
79. It will be recalled that the WTO General Council approved an amount of CHF 14,199,900 as
the Organization's contribution to the ITC for 2000, taking into account a savings of CHF 355,600
pertaining previous years. For 2001, it is proposed to include an amount of CHF 14,761,500 as the
WTO contribution to the ITC.  The Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration examined thePreliminary Budget Outline for 2001  (ITC/BUD/32) at its meeting on 25 May 2000 (WT/BFA/47,
paragraphs 2-5). The Committee took note of the budget outline at that time.  Details of the ITC
budget proposal are include d in document ITC/BUD/35.
Section 12 - Various CHF 3,466,000
2000 Budget CHF 2,861,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 3,167,1001999 Expenditure CHF 3,642,703
1998 Expenditure CHF 3,401,673WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 39
(a) Representation and Hospitality CHF 258,000
2000 Budget CHF 258,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 258,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 163,257
1998 Expenditure CHF 224,425
80. The allocation provides for representation allowances for the Director-General, the Deputy
Directors-General and the Chairman of the Textiles Monitoring Body.  Hospitality expenditure,
mainly for working lunches and dinners, is authorized in advance in each case by, or on behalf of, the
Director-General and reimbursement is made in accordance with WTO rules and procedures.
(b) Dispute Settlement Panels CHF 1,337,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,010,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,306,100
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,195,276
1998 Expenditure CHF 880,820
81. The credit covers the travel fees, per diem allowances and honoraria of panellists serving on
Dispute Settlement Panels. It is proposed that the allocation be increased by CHF 327,000 for 2001.
The proposed provision is based on the present level of activities and on a projected 15 new cases in
2001.
(c) Permanent Group of Experts/Arbitration under GATS  CHF  30,000
2000 Budget CHF 30,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 30,000
1999 Expenditure Nil
1998 Expenditure Nil
82. Under Article 24 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures which forms
part of Annex 1A of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization,  it was
agreed that a Permanent Group of Experts would be established by the Committee on Subsidies and
Countervailing Measures.  In addition, procedures have been approved by the Council for Trade in
Services (S/C/M/38) for the implementation of Article XXI of the General Agreement on Trade in
Services (GATS) which provides for an arbitration process .  The estimate is maintained at the 2000
level and would provide for arbitration under GATS as well as for the Permanent Group of Experts.
The allocation covers travel fees, per diem allowances and honoraria under the same conditions as for
panellists for dispute settlements.
(d) Appellate Body
83. The permanent costs of the Appellate Body and its Secretariat can be found in paragraphs 92
to 107 and the variable costs are outlined in paragraph 4 of the Introduction.
(e) Library CHF  590,000
2000 Budget CHF 555,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 546,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 530,231
1998 Expenditure CHF 513,270WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 40
84. The estimate provides for the purchase of books, subscriptions to periodicals, newspapers and
documentation on microfiches as well as for the binding costs of reference publications.  The increase
in the provision of CHF 35,000 compared with 2000 reflects an anticipated 10 per cent increase in
costs for periodicals.
(f) Publications CHF  298,000
2000 Budget CHF 203,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 191,300
1999 Expenditure CHF 160,382
1998 Expenditure CHF 695,500
85. The estimate provides for the costs of printing and the supply of paper.  Publications are
produced based on the lowest quotations offered by printing firms.  As in 2000, the amount of theprovision for 2001 takes into account (i) the net income (derived from the costs and receipts of the
year) of the publications, and (ii) the fact that a certain number of each publication is provided free to
delegations.  The increase of CHF 95,000 is mainly due to the increase in publications and manuels,
including Trade into the Future, The WTO in Brief, as well as a manual on statistics of international
trade in services.
(g) Public Information Activities CHF  260,000
2000 Budget CHF 262,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 241,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 277,1081998 Expenditure CHF 273,811
86. The estimate covers the cost of promotional acti vities such as continuing the multimedia co-
operative programme with the World Bank for the development of CD-ROMs, presenting the WTO
agreements and their economic framework and importance for use in technical co-operation and indepth reference for governments, specialists and public at large.  It also includes the printing costs for
Focus, information press material as well as other miscellaneous costs.  Compared to 2000 Budget,
there is an decrease of CHF 2000 which is essentially due to a proposal to decrease in video/film
productions.
(h) External Auditors CHF  70,000
2000 Budget CHF 32,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 70,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 32,000
1998 Expenditure CHF 25,684
87. The estimate provides for the travel costs and subsistence allowances in respect of the team of
auditors. The increase is the result of the appr oval by the General Council (WT/GC/M/57) of the
recommendation of the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration (WT/BFA/47,
paragraph 20) in conjunction with the extension of the mandate of the Dutch Court of Audit as
External Auditor for two years.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 41
(i) Ministerial Meeting CHF 400,000
2000 Budget CHF 400,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 400,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,182,958
1998 Expenditure CHF 662,913
88. It will be recalled that funds for the previous WTO Ministerial Conference have been
provided through both the regular budget (1996) as well as from extra-budgetary sources (from the
1996 Surplus for the 1998 conference).  In 1997, the report of the Committee on Budget, Finance and
Administration (WT/BFA/32, paragraph 9) indicated that "the Committee might consider [the]
financing [ inter alia  of the conferences] through the regular budget… However, the financing …
should be done in a way that would avoid important budgetary fluctuations."  As a result, theproposals for 2001 contain a provision of CHF 400,000, corresponding to one-half of the current
estimated cost of CHF 800,000
.24
(j) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) CHF  60,000
2000 Budget CHF 64,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 63,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 66,118
1998 Expenditure CHF 85,675
89. It will be recalled that the Ministerial Decision adopted by the Trade Negotiations Committee
on 15 December 1993 stipulated that the WTO should reach an understanding with ISO to establish
an information system with regard to notification by standardizing bodies accepting the Code of Good
Practice.  The provision of CHF 60,000 represents the support costs of publishing the
ISO/WTO Directory of Standardizing Bodies Accepting the WTO Code of Good Practice,  information
on standardizing bodies accepting the WTO Code in the ISO Bulletin,  and other administrative costs.
(k) Other CHF  63,000
2000 Budget CHF 47,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 59,300
1999 Expenditure CHF 35,3731998 Expenditure CHF 39,575
90. Under this provision, an amount of CHF 25,000 is  proposed to cover bank charges and other
incidental charges and CHF 28,000 to cover related fees for the Global Trade Analysis Project
consortium.  In addition, it is proposed to continue a provision of CHF 10,000 for the purpose of
sponsoring individually, or jointly with other institut ions in Geneva, one or two day visits to the WTO
for outside specialists who are either resident in Western Europe or passing through on other business.
The increase is largely the result of a new schedule of bank charges implemented by the UBS SA.
Section 13 - Unforeseen Expenditure CHF 100,000
2000 Budget CHF 100,000
2000 Expected Expenditure Nil
                                                     
24 In 1999, The Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration recommended that “the Secretariat
be authorized to create a Ministeria l Conference Operating Fund into which funds may be transferred in one
year for financing a Ministerial Conference in another year.” (WT/BFA/44, paragraph 5). The 2000 estimated
expenditure thus refers to a transfer to the Operating Fund for the Ministerial Conference foreseen for 2001.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 42
1999 Expenditure Nil
1998 Expenditure Nil
91. It is proposed to continue the provision for unforeseen expenditure at the level of the 2000
Budget.  The utilization of the provision is subject to the prior approval of the General Council, on the
basis of a recommendation by the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 43
2001 DETAILED BUDGET ESTIMATES
Appellate Body and its Secretariat
Permanent Costs25
Part A - Staff
Section 1 - Work/Years CHF 2,118,300
2000 Budget CHF 1,592,150
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,288,1001999 Expenditure CHF  1,214,095
1998 Expenditure CHF 862,309
92. The standard costs for staff consists of three elements: salary, contributions to the
WTO Pension Plan and other common staff costs.  The standard costs used are the same as for theWTO Secretariat (see paragraphs 46 and 47).  The factors influencing the various elements of salary,
pension fund contributions and common staff costs are the same as described for the WTO
Secretariat.
(a) Salary CHF 1,368,300
2000 Budget CHF 1,178,800
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 976,600
1999 Expenditure CHF 796,857
1998 Expenditure CHF 617,747
(b) Contribution to the WT O Pension Plan CHF 267,000
2000 Budget CHF 229,800
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 187,500
1999 Expenditure CHF 150,0231998 Expenditure CHF 99,596
(c) Common Staff Costs CHF  483,000
2000 Budget CHF 183,550
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 124,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 267,2151998 Expenditure CHF 144,966
93. The above estimates represent the costs for the nine positions currently in the Appellate Body
Secretariat.  In comparison with 2000, the overal l cost shows an increase of CHF 526,150 which
includes provision for six new posts for six months in 2001.
Section 2 - Temporary Assistance CHF  108,500
                                                     
    25  The presentation of the budget proposals for the Permanent Costs of the Appellate Body and its
Secretariat follows the same outline in terms of Parts and Sections as for the WTO Secretariat.  In certain instances,
however, there is no identified cost.  Therefore, mention is made of only those sections under which costs have
been identified.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 44
2000 Budget CHF 18,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 29,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 14,693
1998 Expenditure CHF 33,678
94. It is proposed to increase the provision for temporary assistance by CHF 90,500 to cover the
increasing workload and to permit four three-mont h and one two-month internships in the Appellate
Body Secretariat in 2000.
Part B - Administrative Costs
Section 3 - Communications CHF  6,500
2000 Budget CHF 6,500
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 10,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 12,4121998 Expenditure CHF 17,842
(a) Telecommunications CHF  6,500
2000 Budget CHF 6,500
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 10,800
1999 Expenditure CHF 12,412
1998 Expenditure CHF 17,842
95. The provision for telecommunications costs remains at the same level as in 2000.
Section 4 – Building Facilities CHF 22,000
2000 Budget Nil
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 500
1999 Expenditure CHF 9,1401998 Expenditure Nil
(b) Utilities CHF  12,000
2000 Budget Nil
2000 Expected Expenditure Nil
1999 Expenditure Nil1998 Expenditure Nil
96. It is proposed to allocate CHF 12,000 in 2001 to cover the costs of electricity and water.
(c) Maintenance and Insurance CHF  10,000
2000 Budget Nil
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 500
1999 Expenditure CHF 9,140
1998 Expenditure NilWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 45
97. It is proposed to allocate a total of CHF 10,000 in 2001 to cover the Appellate Body share of
maintenance and insurance costs.
Section 5 - Permanent EquipmentCHF  103,900
2000 Budget CHF 31,250
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 29,2001999 Expenditure CHF 62,126
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,257
98. A total amount of CHF 103,900 is foreseen for the supply of office furniture and equipment
as well as for EDP equipment.  Compared to the 2000 budget, there is an increase of CHF 72,650
which is mainly due to the proposed six new posts for 2001.
Section 6 - Expendable Equipment CHF 17,700
2000 Budget CHF 17,350
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 16,600
1999 Expenditure CHF 3,305
1998 Expenditure Nil
99. The provision mainly covers office and reproduction supplies.  It is proposed to keep the
provision at the same level of the year 2000.26   
Section 7 - Contractual Services CHF  19,500
2000 Budget CHF 15,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 15,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 6,645
1998 Expenditure CHF 194
(a) Reproduction CHF 15,000
2000 Budget CHF 15,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 15,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 6,0171998 Expenditure Nil
100. It is proposed to keep the provision at the same level of 2000.
(b) Office Automation/Informatics CHF 4,500
2000 Budget Nil
2000 Expected Expenditure Nil1999 Expenditure CHF 628
1998 Expenditure CHF 194
101. The provision covers the EDP software required for the 6 new posts foreseen in 2001.
                                                     
26  The costs associated with the reproduction of documents for the Appellate Body, essentially the
reports on appeals, was formerly covered under the budg et of the WTO Secretariat.  The current practice is to
include in the budget of the Appellate Body and its Secretariat whatever relevant costs can be identified.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 46
Part C - Other Costs
Section 8 - Staff Overhead Costs  CHF 11,000
2000 Budget CHF 2,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,300
1999 Expenditure CHF 1,128
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,233
(b) Insurance CHF 3,000
2000 Budget Nil
2000 Expected Expenditure Nil
1999 Expenditure Nil
1998 Expenditure Nil
102. A provision of CHF 3,000 is proposed to cover re lated insurance costs previously covered under
the WTO budget.
(d) Miscellaneous CHF 8,000
2000 Budget CHF 2,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,3001999 Expenditure CHF 1,128
1998 Expenditure CHF 1,233
103. An amount of CHF 8,000 is foreseen for 2001 with respect to miscellaneous costs.  Compared
to 2000, there is an increase of CHF 6,000 which is essentially due to the 6 new posts foreseen in2001.
Section 9 - Missions CHF  9,300
2000 Budget CHF 9,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF  9,0001999 Expenditure CHF 8,406
1998 Expenditure CHF  5,061
104. The proposed credit covers the costs of missions for the staff of the Appellate Body and its
Secretariat in 2001. The increase is related to inflation in the same proportion as in the WTO
Secretariat.
Section 12 - Various CHF 619,600
2000 Budget CHF 619,300
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 590,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 618,055
1998 Expenditure CHF 616,349WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 47
(a) Hospitality and Representation CHF  1,000
2000 Budget CHF 1,000
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 1,000
1999 Expenditure CHF 77
1998 Expenditure Nil
105. The proposed credit, which remains at the same level as that of 2000, covers hospitality which
is managed in accordance with WTO rules and procedures.
(d) Appellate Body Members CHF  615,200
2000 Budget CHF 615,200
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 584,6001999 Expenditure CHF 614,625
1998 Expenditure CHF 616,349
106. The general conditions of service for Appellate Body Members are set out in the decision of
the Dispute Settlement Body on the Establishment of the Appellate Body (WT/DSB/1) as well as inthe Appellate Body Members' contracts.  The proposed provision remains at the same level as in
2000.
(e) Library CHF 3,400
2000 Budget CHF 3,100
2000 Expected Expenditure CHF 4,400
1999 Expenditure CHF 3,353
1998 Expenditure Nil
107. The proposed provision, adjusted for inflation, covers minor miscellaneous and library
expenditure under the Appellate Body and its Secretariat in 2001.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 48
ENHANCED ACTIVITIES
Incorporation of Technical Cooperation Activities into the Regular Budget
Summary of Proposal:
108. Beginning with the 2001 financial year, it is proposed to bring WTO technical co-operation
activities currently dependent on trust fund financing "on-budget".  The Director-General's intention
to propose that this core activity be financed through the regular budget was included in his comments
to the General Council at its meeting of 8 May 2000.
109. Financing technical co-operation through the regular budget would contribute to the
realisation of a number of important objectives.  Among these objectives are:
• Ensuring predictability, consistency and continuity in the provision of technical co-operation;
• Enabling WTO to respond positively to a greater number of requests for technical co-operation
activities than is possible under the existing trust-fund based approach;
• Spreading the burden of financing technical co-operation activities more equitably among WTO
Members; and,
• Providing resources to the secretariat adequate to permit both provision of technical assistance
and training and execution of normal Geneva work in support of WTO Members.
110. A WTO Secretariat task force has been examining many aspects of the way in which the
technical co-operation activity is managed and, at the time this proposal was written, was in the finalstages of preparing a series of recommendations for consideration by the Director-General.  Already,
it seems clear that important changes will be recommended in respect of overall strategy and
prioritisation of technical co-operation work, monitoring and qualitative evaluation of technical
assistance and, methodologies for longer term planning.  Of course, as noted above, longer range
planning would be importantly facilitated through secure approaches to funding.
111. For the WTO budget for 2001, the Director-General is proposing an increase in funding in the
amount of CHF 10 million .  This amount derives from the combination of CHF 7,550,000  intended
to cover anticipated programme-related costs (derived from the year 2000 chart at Table 1) and an
amount of CHF 2,450,000  earmarked for hiring of additional staff (see Table 3) required to realise the
projected technical co-operation programme.
Supporting Background Information:
112. Table 1 (WTO Technical Assistance Activities – 2000) provides, for the year 2000, a
breakdown of the technical assistance activities requested by Members, the execution of which is nowdependent upon trust fund financing, and which the WTO Secretariat considers should normally be
furnished in the course of this year.  Year 2000 has been used as a concrete example of a WTO
technical assistance programme.  The proposal for the 2001 budget assumes that the total volume of
technical assistance in areas now dependent on trust funds and provided by the Secretariat remains
constant, although the programme might contain significant variations compared to previous years.As noted above in paragraph 3, there are many other activities which escape inclusion in this table
because of the different ways in which they are financed.  The table shows activities by subject (e.g.
Agriculture / SPS) and type of activity (e.g., Technical Mission, National Workshop, etc.).
Information is also provided on the location in which the activities would be executed (and not
necessarily on primary beneficiary countries).  The total cost for all of these activities amounts to
some CHF 7.5 million and is the basis for the estimated activities component of next year's proposedWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 49
budget (see paragraph 111 above).  As implementation of the technical assistance programme in 2000
is still in progress, figures, locations and activities in the tables are necessarily provisional.  They are
based on our anticipation for the full year at the end of June 2000.
113. Two areas of Table 1 deserve specific comment.  First, of the CHF 2.5 million shown as
potential expenditures for work on the "Multilateral Trading System and WTO Agreements", some
CHF 600,000 is devoted to the conduct of three thr ee-week training courses for LDCs and several
small Asia-Pacific developing countries (two in English and one in French).  Second, nearly all
activities taking place in, or conducted for the benefit of, LDCs are related in some way to the WTO's
Integrated Framework programme.  They have been classified in the tables according to the subjects
covered, like any other activity.  The missions, workshops and seminars separately identified as
"Integrated Framework Trade & Development" are more or less directly related to Integrated
Framework "infrastructure" (organisation of round tables, co-ordination between agencies, etc.).
Bringing this part of the Integrated Framework project on-budget at WTO would not obviate the need
for the proposed UNDP trust fund, 70 percent of which would be earmarked for "mainstreaming" and
the remainder held in reserve for expenditures complementary to the IF work to be funded out of the
WTO budget.
114. As noted above, the activities reflected in this table are based on requests made by WTO
Members and acceding countries and are dependent on trust fund financing for their execution.However, the activities in the table also reflect a distillation by the Secretariat of initial requests by
Members in order to eliminate the following:
• activities similar (same country / same issue / same region) to those undertaken in 1999;
• low priority activities (see next paragraph);
• specific requests where detailed information was uncertain or non-existent;
• duplicative activities or those where two activities could be folded into a single activity;
• activities where it was felt national priorities might be dealt with in regional activities;
• activities where it was felt that host governments or other IGO's could provide financing.
115. In addition, some shown activities' costs were cut by reducing the number of planned
participants from the WTO Secretariat.  Prior to this distillation, the costing-out of proposed year2000 technical co-operation activities amounted to slightly more than CHF 10 million.
116. Another factor in developing the distilled list of activities was the application to proposed
activities by a Secretariat working group of assumed priorities.  Priorities were set out along the
following lines:
• activities relating to LDCs were not cut from proposed activities;
• activities in WTO's most recent Members and countries in the accession process were favoured in
the distillation;
• priority was given to issues relating to immediate implementation and to new negotiations in
agriculture and services;
117. Of course, while LDC-related activities were not eliminated for the purpose of distilling year
2000 activities (for purposes of Table 1), it would certainly be our intention to subject future activities
in LDCs to the same sort of qualitative scre ening and evaluation applied to non-LDC activities.
118. In considering the information presented in Table 1, it is important for WTO Members to bear
in mind that under current conditions it would not be possible for WTO to realise this level of
technical co-operation provision.  There are two reasons for this.  First, as shown in Table 2, WTO
Technical Assistance Activities for Which Financing is Available – 2000 , financing is available (as ofWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 50
the time this note was prepared) only for activities amounting to some CHF 4.7 million27.  Second,
this level of (financed) technical co-operation activity is placing unsupportable demands on existing
WTO Secretariat resources.  WTO simply does not have the personnel resources to provide the
additional requested assistance or simply to continue providing out of current resources the level of
assistance now financed through trust fund donations.  Even current levels of technical co-operation
work by members of the staff are creating problems in our ability to service Members' needs inGeneva.  This problem will only get worse as the services and agriculture negotiations intensify.
119. For these reasons, a significant portion of the funding we are seeking in the technical co-
operation area (roughly CHF 2.5 million) would be used for hiring additional staff required to realise
the projected level of technical assistance activity.  Nearly all of the staff requested would be destined
for integration into the WTO's operational divisions, not the Technical Co-operation Division. The
staff request (for an additional 16 posts) is based mainly on WTO operational divisions' assessments
of resources which would be required to engage in a level of technical co-operation activity thatwould be some 158% of today's level of activity.  Proposed staff increases, by division, are detailed in
Table 3.  As we explain below in the next paragr aph, the proposed new staff would be providing a
much larger contribution to the WTO than is reflected in Table 1 because that table does not capture
the very large amount of technical co-operation not now dependent on the WTO-administered trust
fund.
120. It is important to see the staffing numbers against a baseline.  The relationship between staff
and the delivery of the technical assistance reflected on Tables 1 and 2 needs to take into account not
only the time spent "on the road" or in technical assistance activities here in Geneva but also the
preparatory work done in Geneva.  There is also a very considerable amount of technical assistance
related work done by WTO staff which escapes capture in the tables because it is funded by otherintergovernmental and regional organisations or directly by national governments.  WTO staff also
assist Members out of their offices by way of contacts with Geneva-based delegates, visiting
delegations and telecommunications with capitals (responding to specific technical queries,
clarification of procedural issues, assisting in the preparation of notifications, explaining the details of
certain provisions and related commitments, comments on draft papers from Members, assisting in thepreparation of accession documents, briefings on the state of play in various WTO areas, etc.).  In the
case of some operational Divisions, such as the Agriculture and Commodities Division, assistance
provided from and at headquarters make up more than half of their overall technical co-operation
activity.  In the budget document ("Burgundy Book ", WT/BFA/SPEC/37) prepared for the year 2000
budget exercise, the Secretariat indicated that 100,200 hours were devoted to technical co-operationactivity in 1999.  This amounts to 57 work years. These figures include, of course, technical co-
operation work where funding was supplied by other entities and is therefore representative of
considerably more than our charted activities in this note.  Separate records maintained by the
Technical Co-operation Division show that about 26.5 percent of this time was spent "on the road" by
members of the Secretariat.  Used as a sort of baseline, we could expect then that any new staff added
to the Secretariat and fully integrated into the work of the Divisions, would, on average, spend
between thirty and forty percent of their time, either on the road, or preparing for missions or engagedin local technical co-operation activities.  Of course, as noted, staff resources added to "operational"
divisions would not be spending 100% of their time on technical co-operation activities but would be
integrated into the regular work of the division in all respects.  In addition, the integration into the
operational divisions of the proposed new staff members would make existing staff more available to
provide technical assistance to Members.  Furthermore, as the specific interest and value of technicalassistance provided by WTO staff members comes from their close involvement in the work of the
Organisation, the new recruits will also have to be associated with it in order to maintain the same
                                                     
27  By the end of August, this figure had risen to CHF 5.5 millions, and pledges equivalent to CHF 1
million more had been registered.  These positive developments are another illustration of the precariousness
generated by the financing of technical co-operation through extra-budgetary resources.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 51
level of quality.  This also explains why outsourcing cannot realistically be used more widely than is
currently the case.
121. Finally, a few words about the mix of technical co-operation activity shown on Tables 1 and
2.  While nearly all of the formats for activity have some applicability in all subject areas, providers of
technical assistance in different areas have differing assessments about which formats are best suited
to their particular subject matter.  For example, in the rules area, national and regional workshops arefelt to be most effective, while general seminars are not seen as useful.  In the services area, on the
other hand, issue-specific regional and national seminars (such as those conducted in the 1996/97
period for telecommunications services) have considerable appeal.  The Market Access Division
believes that technical missions concerned with specific implementation questions are most effective
in addressing Members' needs relative to market access issues.  In the legal area, training in dispute
settlement and seminars and workshops that incorporate case studies are the normal forms of technical
co-operation.  And so on.  It seems clear from the inte rnal examination in the Secretariat that each and
every one of the formats has some applicability and relative value in the programme.  Even
generalised seminars on the WTO Agreements and multilateral trading system can have considerable
value, for example, in the case of new Members or countries in the process of accession.  The
different activities also carry inherently different cost structures and planning burdens.  Regional
seminars can, for certain subjects, provide considerable benefit to a large number of Members;however, they tend to be expensive (due to the need to rent facilities and pay travel costs of
participants) and to require a considerable amount of advance planning.
122. In addition to the trust fund-related activities described above, the Statistics Division is
responsible for the implementation of the Integrated DataBase (IDB) Technical Assistance
Programme for the Committee on Market Access.  It has been absorbed into the Division's workprogramme at the expense of IDB processing.  The Division has also for some time been developing
the Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database as an essentially technical co-operation project.
Members clearly consider it to be a core Organisation activity, but to date it has been funded totally
through voluntary contributions by one Member.  When this project is finished and if the voluntary
contributions are terminated, the WTO will not have the resources necessary to maintain the CTS.The future of this project and the need for personnel resources to implement it may affect the mix of
eventual activities and staffing requirements shown on the tables contained in this note.
Conclusion:
123. The implementation-related discussions and activities which have consumed so much of our
time and attention over the past year have helped to demonstrate graphically the critical role played by
technical co-operation and assistance in capacity building.  It is also true that WTO technical co-
operation activities play a central role in our work with economies in transition and acceding
countries.  Against this background, there is a compelling case to be made for considering technical
co-operation on implementation and building Members' capacities to take advantage of their rights as
a core activity of the WTO.  Such a core activity is appropriately funded through the Organisation’sregular budget.  The financing requested through this proposal is the result of a careful internal
assessment of what kinds of technical assistance now dependent on trust funds should be provided by
the WTO Secretariat and what should be our priorities in responding to requests by Members.
Technical co-operation activities should remain demand-driven, but this needs to be tempered by an
overall view of how to prioritise the use of what will always be limited resources.
124. If Members agree that this is an appropriate approach to technical co-operation in the sphere
of WTO activity, there is no reasonable alternative way in which to realise our shared objectives.
Financing has to be brought on budget in an amount sufficient to pay for both activities-related costs
and a modest increase in Secretariat personnel resources needed to execute these activities.  BecauseWT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 52
trust fund money from voluntary contributions cannot reasonably be used to add staff resources to the
Organisation there are finite limits (which we have already reached) to its usefulness in WTO
technical co-operation work.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 53TABLE  1
WTO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES DEPENDENT ON TRUST FUNDS –2000
National Seminars Regional Seminars Technical MissionsNational 
WorkshopsRegional 
WorkshopsSymposia 
ColloquiaConferencesTraining 
CoursesNumber of 
ActivitiesCosts          
CHF
Multilateral 
Tradin g System  
& WTO 
AgreementsWTO HQ (for Macedonia), 
Albania, Guyana, Gabon, Oman, Bhutan, Solomon Islands, Slovak Republic, Tanzania (2), Sudan, Central African Republic, Benin, United Arab Emirates (2), Mongolia, Mali, Cyprus, Barbados, Angola, Congo, Rep. Of, Western Samoa, Niger, Vanuatu, Former 
Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia, Sout
h 
Africa, Belarus, Mauritania, Madagascar,  Hungary, 
Nigeria, Namibia, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar,  Morocco, Nigeria, Zambia, Togo, Tanzania, PortugalChina, P.R., Malawi, Djibouti, Kenya, 
Tanzania, Tunisia, GhanaMali Peru, United 
States(2), MauritiusMauritania, 
Belgium, Ethiopia, Mauritius, India, United States, China P.R., Saudi ArabiaChinese Taipei, 
Egypt, TunisiaBurkina Faso, 
WTO HQ, Thailand, Austria (2), Peru, Senegal, Ethiopia (2), Cook Islands74 2,529,500           
Market AccessBelarus, Burkina Faso, Mali, 
Quatar, Hong Kong ChinaTanzania (2), Kenya, 
Namibia, Côte d'Ivoire, Georgia, United Arab Emirates, France, PanamaMadagascar, Haiti, Jordan, Armenia, 
Myanmar, Indonesia, Suriname, Sri Lanka, Dominican Republic, Mauritius, Qatar, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte 
d'Ivoire(2), Kenya, Tunisia, Uganda, 
Bangladesh (2), Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Tanzania, Jamaica, Barbados, GuatemalaMorocco Italy, 
Bangladesh, JamaicaSaudi Arabia, 
BelgiumKuwait, Canada, 
Lithuania, New zealand, Brunei DarussalamWTO HQ, India
53 816,500              
Agriculture SPSCuba, Lebanon, [..French-speaking 
Africa..],  Bahrain, CyprusUnited Arab Emirates, Côte 
d'Ivoire, Uruguay, LatviaJordan Senegal, 
Malaysia, Jordan, Ja
panAustralia, Bolivia, United Arab EmiratesNew Zealand, 
Togo, Australia, Ital
yPhilippines, Kenya, FranceChina, P.R., 
India 26 209,000              
TextilesMauritius, Haiti, United Arab 
EmiratesIndia
4 17,000                
RulesMali, Dominican Republic Austria, South Africa, Viet 
Nam, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Jordan, UgandaSri Lanka Peru, South 
Africa, Ecuador, Paraguay, EgyptGuatemala, 
Jamaica, ThailandChina, P.R.
19 724,000              
Notifications Gambia, Maldives Oman 3 32,500                
DSUColombia, Paraguay Kenya, United 
Arab EmiratesNew Zealand, 
Czech RepublicUnited States of 
AmericaWTO HQ (2)
9 390,000              
ServicesRomania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, 
Former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia, Tunisia, Guatemala, Haiti, BahrainKenya, Uganda (Entebbe), 
Ghana, Benin, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Chile, EstoniaUnited Arab Emirates Argentina, Peru, 
Barbados, Honduras, Turkey, Czech RepublicBahamas Lebanon, Kenya, 
ChileEgypt, WTO 
HQ
29 411,500              
TRIPsLebanon, Tunisia, United Arab 
Emirates, Cuba, India, Thailand, RomaniaKenya, Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Thailand Spain India WTO HQ
14 102,500              TOTAL A     C     T     I     V     I     T     Y
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National Seminars Regional Seminars Technical MissionsNational 
WorkshopsRegional 
WorkshopsSymposia 
ColloquiaConferencesTraining 
CoursesNumber of 
ActivitiesCosts          
CHFTOTAL A     C     T     I     V     I     T     Y
TPRsSaint Lucia, Saint Kitts and 
Nevis, OECSUnited States, Barbados, Cameroon, 
Gabon7 58,500              
AccessionChinese Taipei, Russian 
Federation, Saudi Arabia, TongaVietnam, Nepal, Former Yugoslav 
Rep. of Macedonia(2)8 64,000              
Preparation 
of 
NegotiationsKiribati, Tonga, Myanmar, 
Cambodia, Maldives, Lao, 
People's Dem. Rep., Vietnam, 
Thailand, Botswana, CameroonIran, Georgia, Zambia Nepal Thailand Uruguay, 
Antigua & 
BarbudaJamaica Gabon Saudi Arabia, 
United Arab 
Emirates 21 397,500            
Integrated 
Framework 
Trade & 
DevelopmentBangladesh, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, 
Zambia, Mozambique, Nepal, 
BurundiCôte d'Ivoire, Uganda, United Arab 
Emirates, Benin, Burkina Faso, 
France, Kenya, PolandBenin (2), 
Burkina Faso 
(2), Côte 
d'Ivoire, Kenya, 
Tanzania, 
UgandaEthiopia, United 
StatesCuba, Mali, 
France(2), 
WTO HQ, 
Ethiopia, 
Ecuador, 
Begium, ItalyEthiopia, Thailand, EgyptFinland
37 277,000            
Trade & 
EnvironmentSouth Africa, Malta, Gabon, 
HungaryThailand, Cuba Ecuador
7 573,000            
E-Commerce 
& ITAUnited Arab Emirates, Tunisia, 
Oman, BahrainEgypt, Nepal India
7 14,500              
Trade & 
Competition 
Gov ProcCosta Rica, Ukraine, India, 
Morocco, Peru, SingaporeJordan Thailand, WTO 
HQChina, Tapei China, P.R.
12 681,000            
Reference 
CentresMorocco, Côte d'Ivoire, Mauritius, 
Gabon, Botswana (2), Burkina Faso, 
Djibouti, Peru, Gabon, Guyana, 
Nigeria, Ethiopia (2), Zambia, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab 
Emirates (2), Belgium (for Grenada, 
for Benin, for Chad, for Niger), Mongolia, JITAP countries, Sierra 
Leone
, Nigeria27 213,000            
Number of 
Activities88 56 83 23 30 26 25 26 357
Costs (CHF) 862,000                                            3,166,000                               720,000                                                  175,500               877,000              114,500             131,500               1,464,500          7,511,000           T
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TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES FO R WHICH FINANCING IS AVAILABLE – 2000
National Seminars Regional Seminars Technical MissionsNational 
Worksho psRegional 
Worksho psSymposia 
Collo quiaConferencesTraining 
Course sNumber of 
ActivitiesCosts         
CHF
Multilateral 
Tradin g System   
& WTO 
AgreementsWTO HQ (for Macedonia), 
Albania, Guyana, Gabon, Oman, Bhutan, Solomon Islands, Slovak Republic, 
Tanzania (2), Sudan, Central 
African Republic, Benin, United Arab Emirates (2), MongoliaMadagascar,  Hungary, 
Nigeria, Namibia, Côte d'IvoireChina, P.R., Malawi, Djibouti, Kenya, 
Tanzania, Tunisia, GhanaMali Peru, United 
States(2)Mauritania, 
Belgium, Ethiopia, Mauritius, India, 
United States, 
China P.R., Saudi ArabiaChinese Taipei, 
Egypt, TunisiaBurkina Faso, 
WTO HQ, Thailand, Austria (2), Peru, 
Senegal, 
Ethiopia (2)52 1,567,500         
Market AccessBelarus, Burkina Faso, Quatar, 
Hong kong ChinaTanzania (2), Kenya, 
Namibia, United Arab Emirates, France, PanamaMadagascar, Haiti, Jordan, Armenia, 
Myanmar, Indonesia, Suriname, Sri Lanka, Dominican Republic, Maur itius, Qatar, 
Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire(2), Kenya, Tunisia, Uganda, Bangladesh (2), Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Tanzania, Jamaica, BarbadosMorocco Italy, Bangladesh, 
JamaicaSaudi Arabia, 
BelgiumKuwait, Canada, 
Lithuania, New Zealand, Brunei DarussalamWTO HQ, India
49 508,000            
Agriculture SPSCuba,  Bahrain United Arab Emirates, Côte 
d'Ivoire, UruguayJordan Senegal, Malaysia, 
Jordan, JapanAustralia, Bolivia, 
United Arab 
EmiratesNew Zealand, 
Togo, Australia, 
ItalyPhilippines, 
Kenya, FranceChina, P.R., 
India22 130,000            
TextilesMauritius, Haiti, United Arab 
EmiratesIndia4 17,000              
RulesAustria, Burkina Faso, 
Uganda, Viet NamSri Lanka Peru, South Africa Guatemala, 
JamaicaChina, P.R.10 293,000            
NotificationsGambia Oman2 19,500              
DSUKenya, United Arab 
EmiratesUnited States of 
AmericaWTO HQ (2)5 123,500            
ServicesRomania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, 
Former Yugoslav Rep. of 
Macedonia, Tunisia, Guatemala, Haiti, BahrainKenya, Uganda (Entebbe), 
Ghana, Benin, Singapore, 
United Arab Emirates, ChileUnited Arab Emirates Peru, Argentina, 
Barbados, 
HondurasBahamas Lebanon, Kenya, 
ChileEgypt, WTO HQ
26 195,500            
TRIPsUnited Arab Emirates, 
Lebanon, Tunisia, India, Thailand, RomaniaKenya, Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Thailand Spain India WTO HQ
13 88,000              
TPRsSaint Lucia, Saint Kitts and 
Nevis, OECSUnited States, Barbados, Cameroon, Gabon7 58,500              
AccessionChinese Taipei, Russian 
Federation, Saudi Arabia, 
TongaVietnam, Nepal, Former Yugoslav Rep. of 
Macedonia(2) 8 64,000              A     C     T     I     V     I     T     Y TOTAL
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Worksho psRegional 
Worksho psSymposia 
Collo quiaConferencesTraining 
CoursesNumber of 
ActivitiesCosts         
CHFA     C     T     I     V     I     T     Y TOTAL
Preparation of 
NegotiationsKiribati, Tonga, Myanmar, 
Cambodia, Maldives, Lao, 
People's Dem. Rep., Vietnam, 
ThailandIran, Georgia Thailand Uruguay, Antigua 
& BarbudaJamaica Gabon Saudi Arabia, 
United Arab 
Emirates17 336,000            
Integrated 
Framework Trade 
& DevelopmentBangladesh, Côte d'Ivoire, 
GhanaCôte d'Ivoire, Uganda, United Arab 
Emirates, Benin, Burkina Faso, France, 
Kenya, PolandBenin (2), Burkina 
Faso (2), Côte 
d'Ivoire, Kenya, 
Tanzania, Uganda,Ethiopia, United 
StatesCuba, Mali, 
France(2), WT O 
HQ, Ethiopia, 
Ecuador, Begium, ItalyEthiopia, 
Thailand, EgyptFinland
34 216,000            
Trade & 
EnvironmentGabon, South Africa, Malta Thailand, Cuba Ecuador6 410,500            
E-Commerce & 
ITAOman, Bahrain, United Arab 
Emirates, TunisiaEgypt, Nepal India7 14,500              
Trade & 
Competition 
Government 
ProcurementCosta Rica, Ukraine, India, 
MoroccoJordan Thailand, WTO 
HQChina, Tapei China, P.R.
10 511,500            
Reference CentresMorocco, Côte d'Ivoire, Mauritius, Gabon, 
Botswana (2), Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Peru, 
Gabon, Guyana, Nigeria, Ethiopia (2), 
Zambia, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (2), Belgium (for Grenada, for 
Benin, for Chad, for Niger), Mongolia, 
JITAP countries, Sierra Leone26 198,500            
Number of 
Activities61 38 79 20 24 26 25 25 298
Costs (CHF) 482,500                                    1,595,000                           670,500                                                        129,500                    413,000                 114,500             132,000              1,214,500           4,751,500         T
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Table 3
Additional Staff Required in the Context of WTO Technical Co-operation Activity
Division Staff
Accessions Division 1
Rules Division 1
Market Access Division 1
Trade in Services Division 2
Legal Affairs Division 2
Agriculture and Commodities Division 1
Trade and Finance Division 1
Trade and Environment Division 1
Intellectual Property Division 1
Trade Policies Review Division 2*
Technical Co-operation Division & SWG on Integrated Framework 3**
Total 16
Funding Required: CHF 2,450,000
*   In TPR Division, one professional and one statistical assistant
** In Technical Co-operation, one professional for monitoring and evaluation function and one to
assist in the provision of technical assistance.  One professional post would be added to the Secretariat
Working Group (SWG) on the Integrated Framework.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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Expansion of WTO Regular Trade Policy Courses
The Past
125. The objective of the WTO's Regular Trade Polic y Courses is to strengthen the ability of
developing countries, including LDCs, as well as countries in transition, to formulate and implement
WTO-compatible trade policies and to participate ac tively in the multilateral trading system and its
development. The courses aim to widen the participating officials' understanding of the WTO
Members' rights and obligations, trade-related issues, and of the activities, scope and structure of the
WTO, in order to allow them to improve the effec tiveness of their work in their own administrations
or in their Geneva representations.
126. Trade Policy Courses were held originally by the GATT as early as 1955. The year 2000
marks the 45th anniversary of this training activity. Over 1,850 officials mainly from developing
countries have benefitted from such training. All aspects of the courses have evolved over the period.
Initially held for four to six participants for a period of six months and focusing exclusively on the
GATT, the courses have undergone successive modifications from the points of view of scope and
content, duration and participation, in line with developments in the GATT's legal coverage andmembership, as well as in the demand for such training. Significant changes occurred first in the mid-
'80s with the addition of a biennial Spanish course and in December 1998 when the WTO Members
agreed to finance a third regular course each year. The courses which had run from the '70s for four
months were then reduced to three months in order accommodate a third one. Already during the
Uruguay Round the programme of the courses had undergone significant changes to includehenceforth trade in services and trade-related aspects of intellectual property. The need to emphasize
all aspects of trade policy became imperative as of the establishment of the WTO on 1 January 1995,
and even nowadays the courses are continuously adapted to respond to both internal and external
developments.
127. The demand for training activities has never faltered. On the contrary, it has kept increasing
over the years, more particularly so with the increase in WTO membership and with the complexity of
the WTO's legal instruments. Of the present WTO membership of 136 and 30 accession candidates,
more than 80% are from developing or transition economies. These figures provides a good indicator
of the present and future demand for training in institutional capacity building.
The Present
128. Currently, three Regular Trade Policy Courses (TPCs) are organized annually by the WTO,
through its Training Division (two in English and one alternately in French and Spanish). The TPCs
are of a 12-week duration. The participants are officials from developing and least-developed
countries or customs territories and economies in transition, Members or Observers of the WTO,
nominated by their governments.
129. The courses are financed through the regular budget of the WTO. The allocation of the
fellowships is effected by a WTO selection committee. Up to six self-financed officials can also
participate in each course. The popularity of the WTO courses is clearly demonstrated by the actual
demand: the WTO currently receives over 300 applications for the 72 fellowships it presently offers
annually. The success of the courses is also evident from the large presence of ex-participants invarious capacities in Geneva (ambassadors, ministers, etc.) or in capitals (trade ministers, senior
managers, chief negotiators).WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 59
Enlargement of the programme
130. It is proposed to double the current training capacity in response to the already large demand
and in anticipation of growing needs for training in  institutional capacity building in developing and
transition WTO Members and Observers. This would mean providing for organizing six coursesannually (instead of three currently) while ensuring that the quality of training is maintained. The total
amount of fellowships being offered would rise to 158 annually and participation of self-financed
officials, which is also growing in particular for the courses held in English, would remain available.
131. After consideration of various alternatives for doubling the capacity, e.g., offering more
courses or enlarging the participation in the present courses from 30 to 60, etc., it appears that the
most effective way to achieve the purpose while maintaining the quality of training would be to
conduct  two courses for 30 participants each in parallel, three times a year (i.e., 24-30 fellows and the
remaining number as self-financed officials in each course).
132. One of the important value-added aspects of the courses has been to offer a complete
immersion in the daily life of the WTO Secretariat, thus providing direct and easy access to WTO
experts of the operational divisions and opportunities to attend official meetings of the Organization.
Given these and other oft-recognized multiple advantages of holding the courses at the WTO'sHeadquarters, the regular trade policy training courses would continue being conducted on the WTO's
premises at least for the predictable future.
133. The selection of the course participants would continue to be effected in accordance with the
existing strict and transparent WTO guidelines, which have worked to the satisfaction of both the
beneficiaries and the WTO Secretariat, and have contributed to the recognized value of the WTOcourses.
Budgetary Implications
134. The estimated costs of doubling the WTO training capacity are CHF 4'500'000 (see budget
estimates below) for the first year  and some CHF 2.9 million annually thereafter, including in both
cases an amount of CHF 525'00028 annually to finance the rental cost for additional space necessary
for housing current WTO staff to be displaced by the project.
135. These estimates include in a first stage a straight doubling of the costs of lecturing/training
capacities (additional office and training space and consequent equipment and human resources) aswell as of the costs for participants (travel, lodging, per diem allowances and miscellaneous
expenditures, e.g. medical insurance, acquisition of publications, etc.). The training staff (lecturers on
WTO Agreements and WTO-related matters) of th e Training Division would be increased from
currently three to six initially. The Training Division would then be in a position to deliver
introductory lectures on most of the elements of the programme. An increase of the support staff of
the Training  Division  to seven would also be necessary in order to cope with the expected
considerable increase in terms of programme coordination, applications processing and fellowshipsand auditorship management.
                                                     
28 This amount could be reduced or eliminated depending upon the possibility of the Swiss authorities
to provide additional accommodation outside the Centre William Rappard.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 60
Participants:
Lodging (Geneva) 507,000Subsistence allowance (Geneva) 638,000Study Tour (lodging and travel) 97,000Travel (to and from Geneva) 225,000
Miscellaneous 23,000
1,490,000
Staff Costs:
6 new staff (3 officers and 3 support) 936,000
recruitment & related costs new staff 244,000
interpretation for non-English course 18,300
temporary assistance for 1 huissier and 1 
guard 130,000
1,328,300
Infrastructure:
additional conference room with 
interpretation facilities 325,000
computer training room 78,000
utilities 22,000
425,000
Outside offices:*
moving 20,000
cabling 280,000telephone installations 125,000computer server 42,000
security equipment 30,000
contractual cleaning 39,700renovations 35,000rental costs** 525,000
1,096,700
Unforeseen expenses 160,000
TOTAL 4,500,000
* displacement of staff from the Centre William Rappard
** 1,500 m2 @ CHF350/m2/year (if not covered by Swiss authorities)WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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Translation Resources
136. WTO Members and the WTO Secretariat are becoming increasingly concerned with delays in
the translation of documents and reports.  The Language Services Division tries to cope as well as it
can with the workload, but the result is that only the most urgent translations can be delivered.  This
situation results in a very troubling backlog of translation which grows from month to month.
137. As mentioned by the Director-General in his Foreword, the problem of the backlog has been
significantly exacerbated by the annually-increasing use of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (see
also Introduction, paragraphs 32 to 37).  Panel re ports, Appellate Body reports and other DS-related
documents 29 add up today to a sizeable share of the total translation workload.  Its volume, in terms of
number of cases and number of pages, has been growing steadily since the entry into force of the
DSU, to reach 9,784 pages 30 in 1999.  After some moderate increases in 1997 and 1998, the upsurge
recorded in 1999 resulted in longer delays for translation of panel reports and, consequently, theprogressive build-up of a translation backlog in other sectors.
138. The situation has become even more critical in 2000: during the first five months of this year
the Translation Services have received as many panel reports and almost as many pages for translation
as in the whole of 1999, itself a record year.  As a result, processing time will have to be longer, as
there are not enough translators to deal with so many cases simultaneously.  Information nowavailable points towards a similar situation in 2001.
139. Workload resulting from DS-related documentation has amounted to some 19 pages per work
day in 1997, 31 pages in 1998, 48 pages in 1999 and 86 pages in January-May 2000. DS-related
translation demand has amounted to approximately half of total translation capacity, or practically
two-thirds of it excluding external contractual translation (because of their complexity and theirsensitive nature, DS documents should preferably be translated within the Secretariat).
140. Until now, the Translation Services have been able to meet deadlines as agreed with the
various Divisions responsible for DS documents, both for panel reports and for other documentation.
It is true, however, that in the case of a number of panel reports the deadlines finally agreed have been
longer than originally requested by the relevant Division or than generally desirable. Clearly, thiswork performance has resulted in a significant build  up in the non-DS-related translation workload.
141. A panel report is a lengthy document, averaging 378 standard pages.  It is also a complex and
sensitive document, where facts and arguments must be clearly and precisely translated if they are to
lead to a good understanding of the findings and conclusions. Thanks to the competence, motivation
and commitment of the staff in the translation and documentation services, the typical 378 page reportis normally produced in 6 weeks; 4 for translation proper and 2 for all other upstream and downstream
activities required 
31.
                                                     
29 Includes documents in the following series:  WT/DS, WT/DS/AB/R, WT/DS/ARB, WT/DS/R,
WT/DS/RW, WT/DSB, WT/DSB/COM, WT/DSB/M, WT /DSB/RC,  WT/DSB/RC/W, WT/DSB(..)/ST,
WT/DSB/W, WTO/AIR (DSB).
30 All references to pages are to standard pages:  1 standard page = 330 words
31 (a) Upstream activities include:  research and procurement of relevant information by documentalists
preparing appropriate  reference material;  identifyin g quotations (often hidden) and repeated language;
splitting the document in a coherent manner among the appropriate number of translators;  conducting legal
research and establishing an ad hoc glossary by the senior reviser, who will also establish a time-frame for each
participating translator.  (b) Downstream activities include:  final reading and harmonizing by senior reviser;WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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142. Increasing resources will help, of course, to eliminate the "queuing" time and to reduce
processing delays both at the translation stage and throughout all other operations.  It should be kept
in mind, however, that there is a point beyond which abridgement of delays is not possible:  a 378-
page document cannot be translated in 24 hours, whatever the resources available. The problem is
compounded by the fact that, for a variety of reasons, processing of a panel report cannot always start
as soon as it is submitted for translation, mainly because resources are insufficient to process inparallel this and other urgent workload, but also because on many occasions the texts first submitted
are only drafts or partial, provisional versions expected to undergo substantial changes at a later stage.
It is estimated that, if the resources requested below were made available, three weeks would be
required, instead of the current average of 11
32 weeks (1997-1999 average).  This three-week
processing time could not be guaranteed for some lengthy and highly technical reports (e.g. hormones,
photographic film and now asbestos).
143. Finally, it is worth noting that in the time-frame established in the DSB for panels and
Appellate Body procedures, allowance is not made for translation.  Panels often use the whole
statutory period up to the very last day for their own work, so that the translation is already late before
it can even be started.  On the other hand, the Appellate Body, working always within a very tight
time-frame, is obliged to compress the process even more in order to allow two weeks for translation
of its reports.  It might therefore be useful to include in the DSU a time for translation, both for panelreports and for Appellate Body and arbitration reports.
144. Assuming that the huge surge in January-May 2000 is not representative and that translation
workload for DS-related documentation will show  a more reasonable growth pattern in future
(remaining in the region of 60-70 pages per work day), the additional resources required for
accelerated processing and significantly reducing non-DS-related translation would be as follows:
Translators : 24 (11 French, 11 Spanish, 2 English)
PC operators : 9  (4 French, 4 Spanish, 1 English)
Documentalists : 2
Dispatching/admin. clerks : 2Repro./Distribution clerks : 1
Total : 38 work-years
                                                                                                                                                                    
physical consolidation and formatting of document by text-processing services;  reproduction of the required
number of paper copies (usually ….);  and distribution of hard copies by conventional methods and of theelectronic version through the DDF on Internet.  In add ition, successive sets of auth or's corrections frequently
have to be incorporated before a final version is obtained.
32 The same result could be achieved, at no additional cost, by shortening reports to approximately one-
quarter of their present length.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
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145. Of this total, in the case of translators and PC operators only a fraction of the new resources
would need to be in the form of regular posts; the rest could take the form of long-term and short-term
temporary assistance (in-house and external). The breakdown could be as follows:
Table I.  Additional resources, by type of administrative arrangement
Regular positionsIn-house temp.
AssistanceContractual
translation33
T r a n s l a t o r s 978
PC operators - 3 6
Documentalists 2 - -
Dispatching/admin. clerks 2 - -
Repro/Distribution clerks 1
T o t a l 1 41 01 4
Table II.  Cost Estimates34
Work yearsTotal
CHF
Regular positions 14 2,182,600
In-house temp. assist. 10 1,600.000
Contractual translation 14 1,414.000
Total 38 5,196.600
Electrical Outlets in Conference Rooms
146. The relevant information regarding this proposal is contained in paragraph 38 of the
Introduction.
                                                     
33 To replace regular staff that would have to be dive rted to translation of DS-related documentation.
34 These estimates do not take account of costs for office space.WT/BFA/SPEC/49
Page 64
Summary of Technical Assistance Activities
Included in the 2001 Budget Proposals  a)
Basic Activities:
Technical Cooperation Missions 763,200
Contribution to the ITC 14,761,500Trade Policy Training Courses 1,490,000
Value staff time devoted to TAA 
b)4,993,300
Technical Coo peration Division c)2,340,100
Trainin g Division c)1,276,200
25,624,300
Enhanced Activities:
Incorporation of TAA into the regular budget 10,000,000Doubling of WTO Training Courses 4,500,000
14,500,000
TOTAL 40,124,300
a) Basic and enhanced activities.
b) See CRP (00)21;  figure does not include Technical Coo peration Division or Trainin g Division.
c) includin g Condominium staff costs.
Summary of Dispute Settlement Activities
Included in the 2001 Budget Proposals d)
Dispute Settlement Panels 1,337,000
Legal Affairs Division e)3,681,500
Appellate Body and its Secretariat 3,036,300
1,800,000
TOTAL 9,854,800
e) includin g condominium staff costs.Estimated costs of the A ppellate Bod y Operatin g Fund
d) not including the costs related to other divisions involved in Dispute Settlement nor costs 
of production and translation of documents.
Summary of Translation Activities
Included in the 2001 Budget Proposals
Basic Activities:
Language Services and Documentation Division  f)
(staff costs as well as costs for reproduction of documents) 28,291,900
Enhanced Activities:
Translation Resources 5,200,000
TOTAL 33,491,900
f)  not including Conference Office and Interpreters but including relevant condominium staff 
costs.