. /.WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/MIN(01)/DEC/2
20 November 2001
(01-5860)
MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE
Fourth Session
Doha, 9 - 14 November 2001
DECLARATION ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Adopted on 14 November 2001
1. We recognize the gravity of the public health problems afflicting many developing and least-
developed countries, especially those resultin g from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other
epidemics.
2. We stress the need for the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS Agreement) to be part of the wider national and international action to address these
problems.
3. We recognize that intellectual property protection is important for the development of new
medicines.  We also recognize the concerns about its effects on prices.
4. We agree that the TRIPS Agreement does not and should not prevent Members from taking
measures to protect public health.  Accordingly, while reiterating our commitment to the TRIPS
Agreement, we affirm that the Agreement can and should be interpreted and implemented in a manner
supportive of WTO Members' right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to
medicines for all.
In this connection, we reaffirm the right of WTO Members to use, to the full, the provisions
in the TRIPS Agreement, which provide flexibility for this purpose.
5. Accordingly and in the light of paragraph 4 above, while maintaining our commitments in the
TRIPS Agreement, we recognize that these flexibilities include:
(a) In applying the customary rules of interpretation of public international law, each
provision of the TRIPS Agreement shall be read in the light of the object and purpose
of the Agreement as expressed, in particular, in its objectives and principles.
(b) Each Member has the right to grant compulsory licences and the freedom to
determine the grounds upon which such licences are granted.
(c) Each Member has the right to determine what constitutes a national emergency or
other circumstances of extreme urgency, it being understood that public health crises,
including those relating to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics, canrepresent a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency.
(d) The effect of the provisions in the TRIPS Agreement that are relevant to the
exhaustion of intellectual property rights is to leave each Member free to establish its
own regime for such exhaustion without challenge, subject to the MFN and national
treatment provisions of Articles 3 and 4.WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2
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6. We recognize that WTO Members with insufficient or no manufacturing capacities in the
pharmaceutical sector could face difficulties in making effective use of compulsory licensing under
the TRIPS Agreement.  We instruct the Council fo r TRIPS to find an expeditious solution to this
problem and to report to the General Council before the end of 2002.
7. We reaffirm the commitment of developed-country Members to provide incentives to their
enterprises and institutions to promote and encourage technology transfer to least-developed country
Members pursuant to Article 66.2.   We also agree that the least-developed country Members will not
be obliged, with respect to pharmaceutical products, to implement or apply Sections 5 and 7 of Part II
of the TRIPS Agreement or to enforce rights provided for under these Sections until 1 January 2016,
without prejudice to the right of least-developed country Members to seek other extensions of thetransition periods as provided for in Article 66.1 of the TRIPS Agreement.  We instruct the Council
for TRIPS to take the necessary action to give effect to this pursuant to Article 66.1 of the TRIPS
Agreement.
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