RESTRICTED
WORLD TRADE WT/BOP/G/2
13June1997
ORGANIZATION(97-2431)
Original: French
CONSULTATION UNDER ARTICLE XVIII.B OFTHE GATT 1994
Document Supplied byTunisia
Macroeconomic developments in1996
Someeconomicdifficultieswereexperiencedin1995,duemainlytothedroughtwhichprevailed
fortwoconsecutive years.
Asaresult, most oftheeconomic indicators showed adownturn compared with1994.
However, following themeasures taken bythepublic authorities toimprove theeconomic
situation ofthecountry andthanks alsotothefavourable climatic conditions recorded in1995-1996,
themain economic indicators showed animprovement in1996 andtheoverall targets wereachieved
despite theunfavourable influence exerted onsome indicators byanumber ofinternal andexternal
factors.
Thefollowing trends wererecorded forthemainindicators intheyears 1994, 1995and1996:
Item 1994 1995 1996
GDP 3.4% 2.4% 6.9%
Inflation 4.7% 6.3% 3.7%
Budget deficit 2.6% 1.5% 4.7%/GDP
Exports (goods andservices) 13.6% 7.9% 4.4%
Imports (goods andservices) 3.3% 11% 1.8%
Current deficit 1.7%/GDP 4.6%/GDP 3%/GDP
Debt ratio 53.6%/GDNI 53.7%/GDNI 51.5%/GDNI
Debt service/current revenue 17.9% 17.8% 17.9%
Financial transactions balance D625.4 million D745.6 million D860.3 million
Overall balance ofpayments D335.1 million D-19.1 million D298million
Reforms undertaken in1996
Theyear1996 wascharacterized bythecontinuation ofstructural reforms inthevarious
economic andfinancial sectors andbythepreparation forimplementation oftheAssociation Agreement
signed withtheEuropean Union in1995.WT/BOP/G/2
Page2
Inthefinancial sector, interest ratesandpreferential refinancing rates, aswellascompulsory
loanstoprioritysectors,wereeliminatedinNovember1996,thisbeingthefinalstageintheliberalization
ofinterest rates.
Thebarriers between commercial banks anddevelopment banks wereeased bytheincreased
possibility forthecommercial banks togrant long-term loans andforthedevelopment banks togrant
short- andmedium-term loans.
Intheareaoftrade, theprocess ofimport liberalization wascontinued. Thus, inaccordance
withitsWTO commitments under theAgreement onAgriculture, Tunisia began liberalizing agricultural
andagri-food products, applying thecustoms duties agreed within theframework ofitsschedule of
commitments, andliberalizing tariffquotas. Withtheaimoffurther liberalization inthefieldofforeign
trade, Tunisia eliminated theimport duties applied toalistofcapital goods originating anywhere in
theworld.
Provisional complementary duties (DCPs) werealsoreduced by10points, sothatthemaximum
rateapplied in1996 was20percent. Thisratewasreduced byafurther 10points atthebeginning
of1997, bringing themaximum DCP rateto10percent. DCPs aretobeeliminated entirely bythe
endof1997.
Itshould bepointed outthattheDCP applied pursuant tothe1994 renegotiations under
Article XXVIII oftheGATT 1994 wasabolished asfrom 31December 1996.
Asregards investments, therequirement ofauthorization bytheHigh-Level Investment Board
forthepurchase ofTunisian securities byforeign-owned companies established inTunisia wasabolished
where thelevelofforeign participation doesnotexceed 50percentoftheshare capital (theprevious
levelwas10percent).
Efforts atprivatization werecontinued andspeeded upin1996, resulting intheprivatization
of19firms.
Lastly, within theframework ofthecontinued fiscal reforms, thescope ofVAT wasextended
totheretail trade andtoalistofcapital goods.
I. OVERVIEW OFTHE BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS SITUATION
1. Trade balance
Thefollowing trends havebeenrecorded inTunisia 'strade account:
Trade Account
(inmillions ofdinars)
Item 1993 1994 1995 1996 Change
1994/93Change
1995/94Change
1996/95
Exports 3,760.0 4,696.6 5,172.9 5,372.0 24.9% 10.1% 3.8%
Imports 6,170.9 6,347.3 7,464.4 7,542.7 7.7% 12.3% 1.1%
Balance -2,410.9 -1,550.7 -2,291.2 -2,170.7 19.1% 17.4% 5.3%WT/BOP/G/2
Page3
Export trends
Exports amounted toD5,372 million in1996, reflecting a3.8percentincrease
compared with1995, butarateofincrease much lower thantheratefortheprevious year(10.1 per
cent) andtheannual average growth ratefortheperiod 1992-1995 (9.2percent).
Tunisian export trends in1996 were characterized by:
- A23.3percentdecline inthegrowth rateofagricultural andagri-food exports.
Thisdecrease isexplained byaslump insales ofolive oil(which accounts for50percent
ofagricultural andagri-food exports) toalevelofD117.1 million, compared withD305.3 million
in1995 andanaverage ofD154.2 million fortheperiod 1989-1993, aswellasinsales ofother
traditional products suchasalcoholic beverages, dates andcitrus fruits.
Trends inFood Exports
Year InMD Percentage trend
1992 335.5 -30.4
1993 399.1 19.0
1994 551.9 38.3
1995 462.0 -16.3
1996 354.1 -23.4
- Adecline inexports of:
- Rawmaterials andsemi-manufactures (5.8percentin1996asagainst 15.3per
centin1995);
- electrical andengineering products, anewsector withexport potential which
recorded asubstantial rateofgrowth in1995(7.7percentin1996ascompared
with13percentin1995);
- capital goods (-1.1 percent) following aremarkable period ofgrowth over
theprevious three years, withincreases of6percentin1993, 23.2percent
in1994 and31.8percentin1995;
- consumer goods (3percentin1996 compared with15percentin1995);
- andinparticular textiles, which account for50percentoftotalTunisian exports
andwhere thegrowth ratewas6.4percentin1996 asagainst 15.6percent
in1995 and25.9percentin1994.
Thisdownturn inexports isattributable to:
- Thedecline intheproduction ofolive oilandother traditional agricultural
products, caused bytheextended effects ofthedrought;WT/BOP/G/2
Page4
- weaker international demand, especially inrespect oftextiles, electrical goods
andmachinery, andconstruction materials;
- theappreciation oftheTunisian dinaragainst theprincipal currencies ofpartner
countries.
- Anupturn inenergy sales, which roseby29percentin1996afteraperiod ofdecline
asfrom1992andaslight improvement inexports ofphosphates andphosphate products
(8.8percentin1996compared with7.9percentin1995), asaresult oftheincrease
incrude oilprices andthestrengthening ofinternational demand andprices for
phosphates andderivatives.
Import trends
Imports amounted toD7,542.7 million, anincrease of1.1percent, reflecting aslower rate
ofgrowth thanin1995 (12.3 percent). Theaverage annual growth rateforimports overtheperiod
1992-1995 was12.5percent.
Import trends in1996 were marked bythefollowing salient features:
- Asubstantial decline infoodimports asaresult ofincreased local supply dueto
improved weather conditions during theprevious season. Thus, foodimports fellby
25.8percent;
- thedecline particularly affected fruit(-46.2 percent), milkanddairy products (-45per
cent), cereals (-29.6 percent) andmeat(-30percent);
- adecrease inimports ofrawmaterials andsemi-manufactures connected withthe
downturn intheeconomic activity ofthenon-farm sectors;
- amoderate upturn inimports ofcapital goods duemainly tothemodernization ofthe
infrastructure (data processing equipment, telephony equipment, etc.);
- aslight decline inthelevelofimports ofconsumer goods;
- thecontinued growth ofenergy imports asaresult oftheincrease inimport prices
andquantities.
Geographical pattern oftrade
Tunisia 'strade continues tobecharacterized byahighdegree ofgeographical concentration
weighted infavour oftheEuropean Union, which accounts forroughly 75percentoftrade.
Tunisian exports totheEuropean Union amounted toD4,282 million in1996, anincrease
of5.3percentovertheprevious year.
Tunisia 'smain European clients areFrance, Italy, Germany andBelgium.
Imports from theEuropean Union grew by3.4percent, themain gains being recorded by
Germany, ItalyandBelgium.WT/BOP/G/2
Page5
Thetrade deficit withtheEuropean Union remains virtually unchanged atD1,054.6 million,
compared withD1,096.5 million in1995.
Thecountries oftheAMU areTunisia 'ssecond mostimportant partner. Thetradedeficit with
thisgroup ofcountries increased byD52.5million, asaresult oftheincrease inthevalue ofenergy
imports from Algeria andLibya caused byrising prices andafallindemand forimports inAlgeria.
Exports totherestoftheworld grewby6.1percent,themaindestinations being thecountries
oftheMiddle East, Africa, Central andEastern Europe, AsiaandNorth America.
There wasadecline inimports which mainly affected goods from North America, Central
andNorthern Europe andtheMiddle East.
2. Capital balance
Despite anincrease inthenational savings rate,which rosefrom20.9percentofGNPin1995
to22.7percentin1996, external financial resources intheamount ofD1,833.3 million, compared
withD1,891.6 million in1995wereneeded tofinance thedeficit onthecurrent balance andofeconomic
activity.
Theexternal funding requirements canbebroken down asfollows:
Indicators 1995 1996
Grants 66.6 60.0
Equity participation 334.1 302.0
Government loans 633.7 617.3
Private loans 847.2 854.0
Total capital inflow 1,891.6 1,833.3
Themaincapital outflows wereforthepurpose ofrepayment oftheexternal debtandamounted
toD992million in1996, asagainst D959.5 million in1995.
Consequently, thesurplus onthecapital balance amounted toD860.3 million, giving anoverall
balance ofD298million.
3. External debt
Thetotaldebtreached D9,620 million in1996, equivalent to51.1percentofthegross
disposable national income (GDNI), ascompared withD9,085 million (53.7 percentofGDNI) in
1995.
Debt servicing amounted toD1,612 million, or17.9percentofcurrent foreign exchange
revenue, ascompared withD1,531.9 million (17.8 percent) in1995.WT/BOP/G/2
Page6
External Debt Indicators
1995-1996
Indicators 1995 1996
Debt/GDNI ratio 53.7% 51.1%
Debt service/current revenue 17.8% 17.9%
Debt service/exports of
goods andservices 20.2% 20.2%
II. DESCRIPTION OFRESTRICTIONS APPLIED AND MEASURES TAKEN SINCE THE
LAST CONSULTATION
Theproducts excluded from thefreeforeign-trade regime aresubject, under thelawof
7March 1994, totheprior issue ofanimport authorization.
Theprocedures andconditions forthegranting ofsuch authorizations arelaiddown in
Decree 94-1743 of29August 1994, ontheprocedures forimplementation offoreign tradetransactions.
Theproducts excluded from thefreeimport regime arestipulated bydecree.
Thelistofproducts excluded fromthefreeimport regime hasundergone three changes. The
firstone,communicated totheGATT Secretariat under commitments made byTunisia during thelast
round ofsimplified consultations inJune1994, concerned twolistsofproducts excluded fromthefree
import regime: afirstlistcomprising products which affect security, public order, hygiene, health,
publicmorality,speciesprotectionandconservationoftheculturalheritage;andasecondlistcomprising
products provisionally subject toimport restrictions during atransitional period required tocomplete
theprogramme ofgradual import liberalization adopted in1987(section 37ofthelawof7March 1994).WT/BOP/G/2
Page7
Tunisia
Balance ofPayments
Millions ofTunisian Dinars
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Goods andServices
Exports 4,726.7 5,282.5 5,789.3 6,966.8 7,522.4 7,853.2
Imports 5,229.2 6,171.6 6,702.7 7,292.5 8,096.1 8,241.7
Balance onGoods
andServices-502.5 -889.1 -913.4 -325.7 -573.7 -388.5
Current transfers
Revenue 623.6 638.6 720.1 816.5 874.7 912.0
Expenditure 653.4 816.2 1,095.1 1,152.1 1,085.8 1,085.8
Balance oncurrent
transfers-29.8 -177.6 -375.0 -335.6 -211.1 -173.8
Total current
revenue5,350.3 5,921.1 6,509.4 7,783.3 8,397.1 8,765.2
Total current
expenditure5,882.6 6,987.8 7,797.8 8,444.6 9,181.9 9,327.5
Current balance -532.3 -1,066.7 -1,288.4 -661.3 -784.8 -562.3
Capital inflow 1,316.5 1,531.3 1,970.1 2,174.3 1,891.6 1,833.3
Grants 112.5 71.9 103.9 104.0 66.6 60.0
Equity
participation172.3 550.9 675.3 562.1 344.1 302.0
Public loans 685.0 600.0 782.4 672.7 633.7 617.3
Private loans 346.7 308.5 408.5 835.5 847.2 854.0
Capital outflow 879.2 392.1 649.7 1,177.9 1,125.9 973.0
Amortization 778.5 783.0 854.6 923.4 959.5 992.0
Equity
participation32.9 48.2 128.7 115.3 65.2 71.0
Short-term and
adjustment67.8 -439.1 -333.6 139.2 101.2 -90.0
Netinflows 437.3 1,139.2 1,320.4 996.4 765.7 860.3
Overall balance -95.0 72.5 32.0 335.1 -19.1 298.0
Source: Ministry ofEconomic Development
Thisprovisionalnegativelistcomprisedonly48productscoveringtheagriculturalsector,textiles
(clothing andmade uparticles) andmotor vehicles.WT/BOP/G/2
Page8
Thelistwasshortened asaresult oftheliberalization ofclothing andmade-up articles in
accordance withTunisia 'scommitments under theAgreement onTextiles andClothing.
Afurther revision eliminated other agricultural andagri-food products. Thisrevision, which
constitutes thefinalstage intheprocess ofliberalization ofproducts forwhich alikeaproduct is
manufactured locally, wascarried outpursuant toTunisia 'scommitments under theAgreement on
Agriculture.
Conclusion
Taking intoaccount Tunisia 'sstillfragile balance ofpayments situation, largely duetothe
deficit onthegoods balance, andtheimpact ofimmediate liberalization ofgoods imports onthevolume
ofimports, which isgrowing steadily, Tunisia intends tophase outthequantitative restrictions onthe
listofproducts communicated totheCommittee inpursuance ofparagraphs 1and11ofthe
Understanding ontheBalance-of-Payments Provisions oftheGATT 1994.WT/BOP/G/2
Page9
Main Export Products
Twelve-Month Aggregate 1994/1996
HeadingExports %
trendValue inMD %shares
1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996 1995/94 1996/95
AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND
AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRIES 610.5 515.4 404.8 13.0 10.0 7.5 -15.6 -21.5
Fish, crustaceans andmolluscs 82.6 74.1 90.8 13.5 14.4 22.4 -10.3 22.5
Dates andcitrus fruits 64.7 68.9 58.5 10.6 13.4 14.5 6.5 15.1
Olive oil 305.3 216.6 117.1 50.0 42.0 28.9 -29.1 -45.9
Barley andflour 18.9 26.5 18.8 3.1 5.1 4.6 40.2 -29.1
Alcoholic beverages 24.7 18.1 16.9 4.0 3.5 4.2 -26.7 -6.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations 24.7 26.0 33.3 4.0 5.0 8.2 5.3 28.1
Tobacco 35.0 35.7 28.7 5.7 6.9 7.1 2.0 -19.6
Other 54.6 49.5 40.7 8.9 9.6 10.1 -9.3 -17.8
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 3,601.0 4,159.1 4,341.7 76.7 80.4 80.8 15.5 4.4
TEXTILES 2,036.5 2,347.2 2,484.3 56.6 56.4 57.2 15.3 5.8
Yarn andfabric 140.5 138.7 121.2 6.9 5.9 4.9 -1.3 -12.6
Hosiery 286.6 341.9 361.3 14.1 14.6 14.5 19.3 5.7
Clothing other thanhosiery 1,609.4 1,866.6 2,001.8 79.0 79.5 80.6 16.0 7.2
Leather andfootwear 198.8 236.0 263.4 5.5 5.7 6.1 18.7 11.6
Uppers ofshoes 81.2 93.1 106.9 40.8 39.4 40.6 14.7 14.8
Footwear 75.7 93.6 107.5 38.1 39.7 40.8 23.6 14.9
Leather andarticles thereof 41.9 49.3 49.0 21.1 20.9 18.6 17.7 -0.6
CHEMICALS 548.2 642.4 726.2 15.2 15.4 16.7 17.2 13.0
Phosphoric acids 170.2 190.8 218.2 31.0 29.7 30.0 12.1 14.4
Fertilizers 274.8 324.0 372.7 50.1 50.4 51.3 17.9 15.0
Other chemical products 103.2 127.6 135.3 18.8 19.9 18.6 23.6 6.0
ENGINEERING INDUSTRY 294.0 329.5 247.0 8.2 7.9 5.7 12.1 -25.0
Transport equipment 28.5 39.2 29.1 9.7 11.9 11.8 37.5 -25.8
Semi-manufactures 181.2 183.2 102.7 61.6 55.6 41.6 1.1 -43.9
Appliances andequipment 84.3 107.1 115.2 28.7 32.5 46.6 27.0 7.6
ELECTRICAL GOODS 329.0 381.5 422.6 9.1 9.2 9.7 16.0 10.8
Electric cables 121.6 142.1 178.0 37.0 37.2 42.1 16.9 25.3
Appliances andequipment 207.4 239.4 244.6 63.0 62.8 57.9 15.4 2.2
Construction materials, ceramics andglass 79.8 110.5 81.9 2.2 2.7 1.9 38.5 -25.9
Cement 39.6 70.3 43.0 49.6 63.6 52.5 77.5 -38.8
Miscellaneous construction materials 40.2 40.2 38.9 50.4 36.4 47.5 0.0 -3.2
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES 114.7 112.0 116.3 3.2 2.7 2.7 -2.4 3.8
MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS 43.5 61.5 62.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 41.4 1.6
Crude phosphate 32.9 32.0 35.7 75.6 52.0 57.1 -2.7 11.6
Other 10.6 29.5 26.8 24.4 48.0 42.9 178.3 -9.2
ENERGY 441.6 436.9 563.0 9.4 8.4 10.5 -1.1 28.9
TOTAL 4,696.6 5,172.9 5,372.0 100 100 100 10.1 3.8WT/BOP/G/2
Page10
Main Import Products
Twelve-Month Aggregate 1994/1996
HeadingImports %
trendValue inMD %shares
1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996 1995/94 1996/95
AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND
AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRIES 669.9 956.5 748.2 10.1 12.8 9.9 42.8 -21.8
Meat 13.8 11.7 8.2 2.1 1.2 1.1 -15.2 -29.9
Milk, butter andcheese 41.1 50.9 27.9 6.1 5.3 3.7 23.8 -45.2
Bananas anddried fruit 13.2 18.4 9.9 2.0 1.9 1.3 39.4 -46.2
Coffee, teaandspices 37.5 38.2 35.1 5.6 4.0 4.7 1.9 -8.1
Cereals 175.5 383.3 253.4 26.2 40.1 33.9 118.4 -33.9
Vegetable oils 91.6 111.0 112.6 13.7 11.6 15.0 21.2 1.4
Sugar 93.7 68.7 87.4 14.0 7.2 11.7 -26.7 27.2
Tobacco 48.0 55.2 58.3 7.2 5.8 7.8 15.0 5.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations 31.4 54.9 38.4 4.7 5.7 5.1 74.8 -30.1
Cattle feed 38.0 28.8 57.5 5.7 3.0 7.7 -24.2 99.7
Other 86.1 135.4 59.5 12.9 14.2 8.0 57.3 -56.1
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 5,481.2 5,974.7 6,135.7 82.5 80.0 81.3 9.0 2.7
TEXTILES 1,524.9 1,742.5 1,830.7 27.8 29.2 29.8 14.3 5.1
Cotton inbulk, yarnandnets 167.3 193.8 168.3 11.0 11.1 9.2 15.8 -13.2
Fabrics andother semi-made upproducts 1,357.6 1,548.7 1,662.4 89.0 88.9 90.8 14.1 7.3
LEATHER AND FOOTWEAR 115.4 140.0 165.4 2.1 2.3 2.7 21.3 18.1
CHEMICALS, Plastics andrubber 717.3 844.0 851.2 13.1 14.1 13.9 17.7 0.9
Unrefined sulphur 83.4 95.1 78.5 11.6 11.3 9.2 14.0 -17.5
Pharmaceutical products 143.0 147.8 151.1 19.9 17.5 17.8 3.4 2.2
Plastics andrubber 263.6 344.8 341.4 36.7 40.9 40.1 30.8 -1.0
Other chemical products 227.3 256.3 280.2 31.7 30.4 32.9 12.8 9.3
ENGINEERING INDUSTRY 1,942.4 1,988.2 2,042.7 35.4 33.3 33.3 2.4 2.7
Semi-manufactures 394.9 473.3 454.2 20.3 23.8 22.2 19.9 -4.0
Transport equipment 607.0 533.7 509.3 31.3 26.8 24.9 -12.1 -4.6
Machinery andequipment 940.5 981.2 1,079.2 48.4 49.4 52.8 4.3 10.0
ELECTRICAL GOODS 586.4 623.8 674.5 10.7 10.4 11.0 6.4 8.1
Electric cables 57.6 72.6 98.4 9.8 11.6 14.6 26.0 35.5
Appliances andequipment 528.8 551.2 576.1 90.2 88.4 85.4 4.2 4.5
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS,
CERAMICS AND GLASS 124.8 101.1 86.9 2.3 1.7 1.4 -19.0 -14.0
MISCELLANEOUS 470.0 535.1 484.3 8.6 9.0 7.9 13.9 -9.5
Wood andarticles thereof 124.1 121.4 99.3 26.4 22.7 20.5 -2.2 -18.2
Pulp, paper andpaper-board 112.9 172.2 127.4 24.0 32.2 26.3 52.5 -26.0
Other 233.0 241.5 257.6 49.6 45.1 53.2 3.6 6.7
MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS 24.7 21.6 29.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 37.0
ENERGY 471.5 511.3 629.2 7.1 6.9 8.3 8.4 23.1
TOTAL 6,647.3 7,464.1 7,542.7 100 100 100 12.3 1.1WT/BOP/G/2
Page11
Product Group Balances
Twelve-Month Aggregate 1994/1996
Heading Value inMD %trend
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1993/92 1994/93 1995/94 1996/95
FOOD
Exports 335.5 399.1 551.9 462.0 354.1 19.0 38.3 -16.3 -23.4
Imports 380.5 418.1 542.8 823.9 611.3 9.9 29.8 51.8 -25.8
Balance -45.0 -19.0 9.1 -361.9 -257.2 -57.8 -147.9 - -28.9
Cover rate% 88.2 95.5 101.7 56.1 57.9 8.3 6.5 -44.8 3.3
RAW MATERIALS AND
SEMI-MANUFACTURES
Exports 871,3 811.7 1,099.8 1,243.0 1,338.7 -6.8 35.5 13.0 7.7
Imports 1,840.2 1,828.9 1,898.4 2,186.8 2,170.4 -0.6 3.8 15.2 -0.7
Balance -968.9 -1,017.2 -798.6 -943.8 -831.7 5.0 -21.5 18.2 -11.9
Cover rate% 47.3 44.4 57.9 56.8 61.7 -6.3 30.5 -1.9 8.5
CAPITAL GOODS
Exports 172.0 182.4 224.7 296.2 292.8 6.0 23.2 31.8 -1.1
Imports 1,395.3 1,520.7 1,450.7 1,463.3 1,520.4 9.0 -4.6 0.9 3.9
Balance -1,223.3 -1,338.3 -1,226.0 -1,167.1 -1,227.6 9.4 -8.4 -4.8 5.2
Cover rate% 12.3 12.0 15.5 20.2 19.3 -2.7 29.1 30.7 -4.9
CONSUMPTION
Exports 1,632.5 1,911.4 2,378.6 2,734.8 2,823.4 17.1 24.4 15.0 3.2
Imports 1,675.7 1,946.1 2,283.9 2,478.8 2,611.4 16.1 17.4 8.5 5.3
Balance -43.2 -34.7 94.7 256.0 212.0 -19.7 -372.9 170.3 -17.2
Cover rate% 97.4 98.2 104.1 110.3 108.1 0.8 6.0 5.9 -2.0
SUB-TOTAL EXCLUDING
ENERGY
Exports 3,011.3 3,304.6 4,255.0 4,736.0 4,809.0 9.7 28.8 11.3 1.5
Imports 5,291.7 5,713.8 6,175.8 6,952.8 6,913.5 8.0 8.1 12.6 -0.6
Balance -2,280.4 -2,409.2 -1,920.8 -2,216.8 -2,104.5 5.6 -20.3 15.4 -5.1
Cover rate% 56.9 57.8 68.9 68.1 69.6 1.6 19.1 -1.1 2.1
ENERGY
Exports 562.7 455.4 441.6 436.9 563.0 -19.1 -3.0 -1.1 28.9
Imports 397.1 457.1 471.5 511.3 629.2 15.1 3.2 8.4 23.1
Balance 165.6 -1.7 -29.9 -74.4 -66.2 -101.0 1,658.8 148.8 -11.0
Cover rate% 141.7 99.6 93.7 85.4 89.5 -29.7 -6.0 -8.8 4.7
TRADE BALANCE
Exports 3,574.0 3,760.0 4,696.6 5,172.9 5,372.0 5.2 24.9 10.1 3.8
Imports 5,688.8 6,170.9 6,647.3 7,464.1 7,542.7 8.5 7.7 12.3 1.1
Balance -2,114.8 -2,410.9 -1,950.7 -2,291.2 -2,170.7 14.0 -19.1 17.5 -5.3
Cover rate% 62.8 60.9 70.7 69.3 71.2 -3.0 16.0 -1.9 2.8
BALANCE EXCLUDING
FOOD
Exports 3,238.5 3,360.9 4,144.7 4,710.9 5,017.9 3.8 23.3 13.7 6.5
Imports 5,308.3 5,752.8 6,104.5 6,640.2 6,931.4 8.4 6.1 8.8 4.4
Balance -2,069.8 -2,391.9 -1,959.8 -1,929.3 -1,913.5 15.6 -18.1 -1.6 -0.8
Cover rate% 61.0 58.4 67.9 70.9 72.4 -4.2 16.2 4.5 2.0Balance ofTrade withMain Trading PartnersWT/BOP/G/2
Page121992/1996
Country Imports Exports Balance
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
EEC ofwhich: 4,043.7 4,461.2 4,618.7 5,250.6 5,336.2 2,765.3 2,944.0 3,730.9 4,075.3 4,281.6 -1,278.4 -1,517.2 -887.8 -1,175.3 -1,054.6
France 1,448.8 1,670.5 1,824.4 1,912.2 1,852.2 966.0 1,102.7 1,262.4 1,451.6 1,382.8 -482.8 -567.8 -562.0 -460.6 -469.4
Germany 797.0 812.3 812.0 931.6 974.3 605.3 663.4 730.2 813.5 836.2 -191.7 -148.9 -81.8 -118.1 -138.1
Italy 1,033.2 1,137.5 1,025.0 1,141.7 1,411.9 608.9 620.4 907.6 965.0 1,115.6 -424.3 -517.1 -117.4 -176.7 -296.3
Belgium 267.7 269.7 290.3 329.0 339.5 246.2 277.5 305.0 336.8 384.5 -21.5 7.8 14.7 7.8 45.0
Other European
countries 222.0 237.4 265.0 387.8 612.8 58.2 56.5 74.5 71.4 132.6 -163.8 -180.9 -190.5 -316.4 -480.2
AMU 245.6 200.5 299.8 419.0 409.5 282.7 291.7 298.5 383.3 321.4 37.1 91.2 -1.3 -35.7 -88.1
Other Arab countries 54.2 64.2 71.3 109.0 113.4 54.7 81.0 68.3 63.9 88.5 0.5 16.8 -3.0 -45.1 -24.9
Other African
countries 69.8 74.0 82.2 91.2 90.4 39.2 32.0 41.5 54.1 66.7 -30.6 -42.0 -40.7 -37.1 -23.7
Countries ofthe
Americas 449.8 489.4 603.4 544.3 559.7 59.5 55.0 78.1 90.9 119.6 -390.3 -434.4 -525.3 -453.4 -440.1
Other Asian countries 283.7 324.4 349.5 332.5 414.4 169.1 114.7 161.9 197.3 210.4 -114.6 -209.7 -187.6 -135.2 -204.0
Sub-total 5,368.8 5,851.1 6,289.9 7,134.4 7,536.4 3,428.7 3,574.9 4,453.7 4,936.2 5,220.8 -1,940.1 -2,276.2 -1,836.2 -2,198.2 -2,315.6
Restoftheworld 320.0 319.8 357.4 329.7 95.4 145.3 185.1 242.9 236.7 155.7 -174.7 -134.7 -114.5 -93.0 60.3
Total 5,688.8 6,170.9 6,647.3 7,464.3 7,631.8 3,574.0 3,760.0 4,696.6 5,172.9 5,376.5 -2,114.8 -2,410.9 -1,950.7 -2,291.2 -2,255.3