WORLD TRADE WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
24October 1997
ORGANIZATION(97-4683)
High-Level Meeting onIntegrated Initiatives for
Least-Developed Countries 'Trade Development
COUNTRY-SPECIFIC ROUND TABLES: DOCUMENTATION
Chad
Addendum
Documentation fortheRound Table Meeting forChad.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page2
TRADE-RELATED TECHNICAL COOPERATION
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
A. Trade Policy
(a) What arethesectors thatyoubelieve haveunexploited orunderexploited export potential?
Sectors withunexploited export potential:
- Mining
Sectors withunderexploited potential:
- Agriculture;
- livestock;
- fisheries
(b) Could youplease define yourcountry 'sperspective ofthereasons foranychanges inthe
structure anddirection ofexports andimports?
Therehavebeennochangesinthestructureanddirectionofexportsandimportssincethe1970s.
(c) What have been theobjectives oftrade policy inthemost recent period, compared to,
say,twodecades ago?
Theobjectives oftheGovernment 'strade policy inthemost recent period havebeen:
1. Boosting anddiversifying exports andliberalizing imports;
2. improving resource allocation andproduction incentives byallowing consumer prices
toregulate themarket;
3. removing obstacles tothecreation andoperation ofprivate enterprises;
4. liberalizing financial transfers;
5. reducing customs taxes: reducing import taxes.
(d) What aretheMinistries incharge oftrade policy matters, including formulation,
implementation, enforcement andmonitoring? How iscoordination made? What arethe
respective roles oftherelevant Ministries (give particular attention totariff policies andother
policies directly affecting exports andimports ofgoods andservices)?
Thetwoministries most concerned withtrade policy matters are:
- TheMinistry ofIndustrial, Trade andCrafts Development (MDICA);
- theMinistry ofFinance.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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Coordination takes place inthehighInter-Ministerial Committee.
RoleoftheMinistry ofIndustrial, Trade andCrafts Development
TheMDICA implements thepolicies approved bytheGovernment onindustrial, trade and
crafts development andformonitoring implementation.
Inthesphere oftrade, inparticular, itisresponsible forthefollowing activities:
- Promoting Chadian products;
- applying thepricing policy;
- drawingupandapplyingpolicyonmeasuringinstruments,qualitycontrolandstandards;
- elaboration andimplementation oftradestrategies foragricultural, fisheries andanimal
export products;
- negotiation andfollow-up ofinternational commodity agreements;
- liaising withinternational andgovernmental trade organizations;
- preparation,publicationandfollow-upofthetradebalanceandofeconomicinformation,
inconjunction withtheministries andtheinstitutions concerned.
RoleoftheMinistry ofFinance
TheMinistryofFinanceperformsallfunctionsrelatedtotheimplementationoftheGovernment's
financial policies.
Ittherefore carries outthefollowing activities:
- Preparation andfollow-up ofanational budget;
- organizing andmonitoring government accounts, thetreasury, customs taxesandduties
andproperty taxes;
- overall control ofpublic finance department andofother government financial bodies;
- monitoring thedomestic andforeign public debt;
- approving government procurement andleases tobeconcluded bythegovernment in
keeping withthethreshold established intheGovernment Procurement Code.
(e) Howaretheprivate sector andacademic institutions associated withtheformulation and
conduct oftrade policy?
Before drawing upandimplementing thetradepolicy, theabove-mentioned Ministries consult
withtheprivate sector represented bytheChamber ofCommerce andtheNational Employers Council.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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(f) What aretheinstitutions inyour country thatcanplayaroleinimplementation ofa
trade-related project atthelocal level? State their respective roles.
Theinstitutions thatcanplayaroleintheimplementation ofatrade related project are:
TheChamber ofCommerce, Industry, Agriculture, Mines andCrafts (CCIAMA), which
represents itsmembers before theauthorities, whom itprovides withitsadvice andopinion, initsrole
asaninformation centre. Itorganises and/or participates innational, regional andinternational economic
andtrademeetings. TheCCIAMA isalsoresponsible forpromoting thecountry 'sinternational trade.
TheSteeringCommitteeforPrivateSectorPromotionisajointbody(government/privatesector,
creditors). Itsroleistopropose and/or examine private sector projects.
TheNetwork ofWest African Entrepreneurs. ThisNGO based inAccra (Ghana), andbrings
together African private sector entrepreneurs from ECOWAS andChad. Itspurpose istoimprove
thebusiness climate inmember countries andtodevelop cross-border trade andinvestment.
(g) What arethemain lawsandregulations dealing withtrade policy -onexports andimports?
Please provide ashort description ofeach.
Main lawsandregulations dealing withtrade policy:
Exports
Decree No.452/PR-95 of29June1995repealing Decree 113/ET/65 of11June1965governing
theexportation andreexportation ofproducts, merchandise, foodstuffs anditems ofallkinds from
theRepublic ofChad.
Under thisDecree, allmerchandise, products, foodstuffs anditems maybefreely exported.
Nevertheless, theMinistry ofTrade may, ifnecessary, prohibit orrestrict theexportation of
aproduct.
Decree No.138bis/PR/MEHP/88 of16April 1988regulating exports oflivestock andlivestock
projects.
ThisDecree authorizes theunrestricted exportation oflivestock andlivestock products, with
theexception ofbreeding females.
Imports
DecreeNo.451/PR/95repealingDecreeNo.282/PR/85layingdownimportprocedures.Under
thisDecree, allmerchandise maybefreely imported from allcountries.
Nevertheless, forreasons ofhealth orsecurity among others, theMinistry ofTrade mayprohibit
theimportation ofoneoragroup ofproducts.
Administrative Order No.054/MCPI/DG/DC/95 eliminating import andexport licences and
establishing thenegative listofproducts thataresubject tospecial import authorization.
Article 1ofthisOrder provides thatimport andexport licences shallbeeliminated.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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Article 2prescribes thatthefollowing products ofproduct groups require special permission
before being imported, tobeissued bytheMinister ofTrade andIndustry.
These are:
- Sulphur;
- other explosives.
(h) What arethemain instruments oftrade policy -onexports andimports? Please elaborate
(e.g.onimport restrictions, thequestions might be:onwhat products arethere anyimport bans;
onwhat products arethere quantitative import restrictions; licensing requirements, etc.; what
isthehighest tariff ratecurrently inuse;arethere anyexcise taxes, other "domestic" taxes that
areapplied differentially toimported goods, ortogoods ofatypethatareprincipally imported)?
Themain trade policy instruments are:
Exports
Since June1995, Chad hasceased toapply arestrictive export policy. With theexception
ofastatisticalfee,customsdutiesontheaforementionedexportagriculturalproductshavebeenremoved.
Imports
Only twoproducts aresubject tocompulsory import permission; theyare:
sulphur andother explosives.
Thesystem oflicences ceased tobeapplied inChad inJune1995.
Thehighest rateofdutycurrently inforce is30percentonwage goods.
Excise duties levied onsomeproducts designated byname, regardless oforigin andprovenance.
(i) IncaseyouareaWTO Member orareintheprocess ofacceding, howisyour country
preparing itself tocomply withtheWTO Agreements?
Byrespecting commitments assumed inregard tothetrade ofgoods andservices.
(j) What isthestate offamiliarity withtheWTO framework:
- among government andgovernment-related agencies?
- intheprivate sector?
TheWTO framework isfamiliar onlytoafewgovernment institutions, namely theMinistry
ofIndustrial, Commercial andCrafts Development andtheMinistry forForeign Affairs.
(k) What areyour technical assistance requirements withregard toyour compliance with
theWTO Agreements?
Technical assistance requested:WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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1. Notification requirements;
2. training inthesphere ofWTO trade policy;
3. advice inbringing national lawsandregulations intolinewithWTO Agreements.
(l) Inwhich specific areas oftheWTO Agreements doyouhave technical assistance needs
(e.g.market access, agriculture, rules (anti-dumping, subsidies, import licensing, rules oforigin,
safeguards, etc.), TBT andSPS, Services, TRIPS)?
Technical assistance needs inthespecific areas oftheWTO:
1. Sanitary andphytosanitary measures
Advice, grants orassistance inorder toprocure theservices oftechnical experts andorganize
trainingtoenableChadtomaketheadjustmentsandtakethesanitaryorphytosanitarymeasuresnecessary
inorder toattain theappropriate levelofsanitary orphytosanitary protection ofitsexports.
2. Technical barriers totrade
- Elaboration oftechnical regulations;
- creating anational standard-setting body;
- participation inthework ofinternational standard-setting bodies.
3. Customs valuation
- Human resource training;
- assistance fortheinstitution ofimplementation measures;
- access tosources ofinformation oncustoms valuation methods.
4. Anti-dumping, subsidies, safeguards
- Drafting ofnational laws.
5. Agreement onTrade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual Property (TRIPS)
- Human resource training.
(m) What isyourassessment ofyourexisting trade analysis andnegotiating capacities, both
multilateralandbilateral,inareasalreadycoveredbytheWTOAgreementsandothertrade-related
areas, e.g.competition policy andtrade andenvironment?
Chadhasverylimitedcapacityfortradeanalysisandnegotiation,whethermultilateralorbilateral,
astheMinistry responsible fortrade hasonlyahandful ofexecutive staffwithageneral business
education.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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B. Obstacles toTrade Expansion
Obstacles totradeencompassing problems inexport markets, infrastructure, human capacities,
institutional bottlenecks, trade financing problems andgapsintrade information caninhibit
aleastdeveloped country fromtaking fulladvantage oftrading opportunities.
Supply constraints, including institutional bottlenecks
(a) What arethemain bottlenecks inhibiting thedevelopment ofsustained export capacity
ofgoods andservices (e.g.customs facilitation, freight charges, quality management, elimination
ofcumbersomelegalandadministrativeprocedures,paucityofhumanskills,accessatinternational
prices toimported inputs, orinadequate telecommunication, portandtransport facilities, etc.)?
- Land-locked countries mayfaceadditional problems, suchashaving toshipusing
costly orunreliable transport andports systems. Incasethisapplies toyour
country, please indicate suchproblems. What kindoftechnical assistance would
helpyouwork outthese problems?
Themain bottlenecks inhibiting thedevelopment ofsustained export capacity ofgoods and
services inChad arethefollowing:
- High freight rates;
- lackofaquality management service;
- lackofskilled personnel;
- difficult access atinternational prices toimported inputs;
- inadequate telecommunication ortransport facilities.
Chad isaland-locked country which must usecostly transport systems andportservices of
neighbouring countries inorder toexport. Mention maybemade ofthefollowing:
- Police harassment attheborder;
- over-long delay inforwarding merchandise;
- highhandling charges;
- poorstateofroadways intheinterior ofthecountry;
- insufficient means oftransport.
Assistance requested:
Assistance isrequested forconducting astudy aimed atreducing transport andtransit costs.
(b) Arethere anyinstitutional bottlenecks, which mayimpede theefficient conduct ofyour
country 'strade policies? Provide details. Forexample, what aretheproblems perceived bythe
different actors, e.g.exporters, producers, service providers (banks, insurance companies, qualityWT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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control,transporters,etc),professionalassociationsandMinistries?Areproblemsmainlyperceived
intheareaof:
(i) Human resources;
(ii) management oftheinstitution;
(iii) financial andmaterial resources;
(iv) communication.
Institutional bottlenecks which mayimpede theefficient conduct oftrade policies inChad:
- Cumbersome customs andpolice procedures;
- lackofacorporate culture andignorance oftheinstruments inforce;
- lackofaninvestment code, crafts codeandcodeofcommerce inChad.
(c) What arethemain bottlenecks toexport diversification?
Themain bottlenecks toexport diversification are:
- Theproblem offinancing diversification;
- insufficient skilled human resources inthefieldofagronomic research;
- lackofanadequate transport network;
- managerial andcollection weaknesses;
- ignorance offoreign markets.
(d) Ifinvestment intheproduction ofgoods andservices isinadequate, what arethemain
reasons? Please elaborate them (e.g. structural constraints, difficulties inattracting foreign
investment, limited enterprise development, financing, lackofappropriate technology, etc.).
- Causes ofinsufficient investment intheproduction ofgoods;
- lackoffinancial institutions andinvestment promotion offices;
- shelving ofinvestment codes;
- thecountry 'sland-locked situation;
- highcostofenergy;
- unskilled labour;
- thevirtual absence oflarge companies.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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(e) Isthere anational policy toencourage export-related investment opportunities? Please
elaborate. What arrangements areinplace forreviewing, drafting andnegotiating contractual
arrangements withforeign investors?
There isanational policy toencourage export-related investment opportunities. Steps have
beentaken toprovide export incentives, including:
- fullorpartial exemption from export duties andtaxes onfinished orsemi-finished
products manufactured bycompanies established inChad;
- exemption from transport taxes onproducts meant forexport;
- deduction fromtaxable income ofanon-deferrable amount equal to5percentofthe
f.o.b. value offinished orunfinished export manufactures.
(f) What arethemain obstacles tothetransfer, development andacquisition oftechnology?
Isthere anynational policy/strategy inthisarea? Please elaborate.
Themain obstacles tothetransfer, development andacquisition oftechnology. National
policy/strategy inthisarea:
- Veryfewcompanieswithsufficientfinancialcapacitytoseekthetransferandacquisition
oftechnology;
- lackofloans forpromoting small- andmedium-sized enterprises thatwould enable
them toseekthetransfer andacquisition oftechnology;
- insufficient information ontechnology markets.
Nevertheless, thefollowing measures havebeentaken withaviewtoencouraging technological
innovation:
1. Anycompany thatdevelops newtechnology isentitled toataxdeduction oftwothirds
ofthecostofacquiring ordeveloping thenewtechnology fromtaxable income from
industrial andtrade profits.
2. Enterprises which carry outinternal research anddevelopment areeligible tobenefit
under thesystem ofincentives toinnovation.
(g) What areyour technical assistance orother assistance needs with respect tosupply
constraints?
Technical assistance andother assistance needs withrespect tosupply constraints:
- Training inthespheres ofstandards andquality andexport promotion;
- conducting astudy aimed atreducing thecostoftransport andtransit;
- training incommodity marketing riskmanagement;
- creating atrade point;WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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- assistance indrawing upanewinvestment codethatcanattract more foreign investors
toestablish themselves inChad.
Trade promotion andtrade support services
Trade promotion comprises anintegrated setoftechnical andfinancial services toenhance
theglobal competitiveness ofenterprises andthusfacilitate theirentry andincreasing participation in
international trade.
(h) Doyour enterprises, especially small andmedium enterprises, experience difficulties in
expanding their exports? What arethese problems inthemajor export sectors?
Oursmall- andmedium-sized enterprises arefacing realdifficulties inexpanding theirexports
inthefollowing sectors:
Production: problem offinancing, highenergy cost;
Marketing: difficulty inmonitoring quality standards andthequality ofpackaging; lackof
information onforeign outlets;
Transport: hightransport costs; cumbersome administrative procedures attheborder.
(i) Whataretheproblemsforyourenterprisesinobtainingreliableandup-to-dateinformation
onexport/import business opportunities?
Thefollowing aretheproblems faced byourenterprises inobtaining reliable andup-to-date
information onexport/import business opportunities:
- Lack oftrade representations abroad;
- lackoffunding withwhich companies maydevelop theirinformation network;
- thevirtual absence oflocal trade promotion bodies, suchasatrade point, trade
promotion office, foreign trade centre, etc.
Inthefaceofallthesedifficulties, ourcompanies areunable tomeetinternationally acceptable
design andpackaging standards. Only cotton fibremeets suchstandards.
(j) Canyour enterprises offer products ofinternationally acceptable design, quality and
packaging toforeign buyers? Ifnot,what aretheproblems?
Ourcompanies areunable toofferproducts ofinternationally acceptable design, quality and
packaging. Cotton fibre, which isexported byoneofourunits, meets these standards. Theproblems
ariseinregard tostorage, packaging andquality control.
(k) What problems, other thaninterms oftrade policy, doyouanticipate indeveloping the
exports ofservices (e.g.computer software, tourism)?
Thetourism sector isconfronted withthefollowing problems:
- Insufficient accommodation facilities;WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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- lackofcommunications infrastructure;
- lacking individual orprivate initiative (very small number oftravel agents).
(l) What arethetechnical/professional problems encountered bytrade support institutions
(e.g.trade promotion council, chamber ofcommerce, exporters association, etc.)inyourcountry
inproviding their services toexport/import enterprises?
Technical/professional problems encountered bytheChamber ofCommerce inproviding its
services toexport/import enterprises:
- Making useofcommunication tools (CD-ROM, Internet);
- lackofskilled personnel;
- lackofteaching materials.
(m) What problems anddeficiencies areexperienced byenterprises intheir international
purchasing andinventory management?
Problems anddeficiencies experienced byenterprises intheirinternational purchasing and
inventory management:
Problems:
- Insufficient information oninternational markets;
- hightransport costs;
- lackofskilled personnel;
- shortage offoreign exchange;
- lackofadequate storage facilities.
Deficiencies:
- Importation ofgoods atprohibitive prices;
- highcostofinventories;
- Limited purchases andsources ofsupply.
(n) What arethepresent availability andarrangements fortrade finance facilities (e.g.export
credit guarantees, etc.)? Arethere anyperceived deficiencies inthisarea?
Atpresent thereareneither availability norarrangements fortradefinance facilities, including
export credit guarantees.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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(o) What arethemain problems inthewayofimproving export/import management skills
ofyour business enterprises? Doyouhave training programmes inthecountry? What arethe
deficiencies?
There arenospecific oradequate training programmes inexport/import management skills.
Most business enterprises lacksufficient resources tofinance training fortheirpersonnel.
(p) Does your trade representation service actively promote your trade? What arethe
weaknesses?
Atpresent, theChamber ofCommerce iscarrying outthefunctions oftrade representation
butisfacing suchfinancial constraints thatitisunable toparticipate actively intrade missions and
expositions, symposia, seminars, etc.
(q) Briefly describe yourtechnical assistance needs intheareaoftrade promotion andsupport
services.
Technical assistance needs intheareaoftrade promotion andsupport services:
- Training inexport promotion, trade representation andinventory management;
- setting upaforeign trade promotion andtrade documentation centre;
- conducting atourism development study inChad;
- settingupapermanentdocumentarybasecontainingtourismstatistics,guidesandmaps,
resources, products, operators andregulations.
Market access
(r) What areyour main market access problems?
- Lack ofcompetitiveness ofourproducts;
- insufficient information oninternational market access conditions.
(s) What specific problems orbarriers, andinwhich countries, aremost troublesome for
your exporters?
Thespecific problems orbarriers thataremost troublesome forourexporters are:
- Repatriation offunds from Nigeria;
- inability ofclients intheRepublic ofCongo topaytheirChadian suppliers formeat
products;
- bankguarantees;
- highfreight costs.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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(t) Regional andsubregional trading arrangements (RTAs): please listRTAs towhich your
country belongs. Areyousatisfied withtheperformance withthese RTAs? Please state the
problems ofeach. Doyouhave suggestions onhowtosolve these?
Regional andsubregional trading arrangements towhich Chad belongs:
- Central African Customs andEconomic Union (CACEU/CEMAC);
- Economic Community ofCentral African States (ECOCAS);
- Organization oftheIslamic Conference (OIC);
- ACP/EEC Lomé Convention.
CACEU: Unsatisfactory functioning asthere isnoeffective freemovement ofgoods
andpersons.
ECOCAS: Thisbodyisnotfullyperforming itsroleofdeveloping tradeinthesubregion.
OIC: Problem ofcurrency convertibility.
ACP: Nomajor problem.
(u) Arethere anyproblems inutilizing theexisting market access preferences, suchasGSP,
GSTP? Please state thenature ofproblems relating toeachofthese.
Chadian economic operators haveveryscant knowledge oftheexistence andfunctioning of
theGSPandtheGSTP. Nevertheless, ourexports gomainly totheEECmarket which, accords better
advantages under theLomé Convention, thanthose granted under theGSP.
(v) What areyour technical assistance needs withrespect tomarket access?
Ourtechnical assistance needs withrespect tomarket access are:
- Assistance inorganizing aseminar ontheGSP, GSTP andonmarketing;
- assistance inorganizing anational seminar onstandards andquality control.
C. Technical Assistance
Technical assistance isnormally provided todeveloping andleastdeveloped countries tobuild
orenhance theirhuman resources andinstitutional capacities, provide trade information and
trade-related legalsupport, aswellasimprove theirsupply capabilities inorder tomake them
more active players inthefieldofmultilateral trade.
(a) Totheextent thiskindofinformation iseasily available, could youplease briefly describe
what trade-related assistance youhave received over thepastfiveyears from bilateral and
multilateral sources andwhatprojects/programmes arepresently under consideration inthisarea?
Technical assistance received overthepastfiveyears:WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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- Preparation ofareport onthedevelopment oftrade andservices inChad, financed
bytheEuropean Union in1996.
Projects/programmes envisaged
- National Integrated Programme (PIN) which willbefinanced bytheeighth FED.
(b) Please summarize your technical assistance needs aswellasother needs asreflected in
thischeck-list. Please rank them interms ofpriority.
Summary ofourtechnical assistance needs byorder ofpriority:
1. Notification requirements;
2. study oftheimpact ofWTO Agreements ontheeconomy ofChad;
3. elaboration ofnational lawsandregulations onanti-dumping, subsidies, safeguards
and,competition, andtheorganization ofseminars andrelated activities;
4. training intheareas ofinternational trade policy, metrology andtrade standards;
5. training inthepromotion ofcommodities, traderepresentation andriskmanagement;
6. preparation ofanewinvestment code;
7. reform ofnational lawsandregulations inorder tobring them intolinewithWTO
Agreements;
8. conducting astudy aimed atreducing transport andtransit costs;
9. conducting astudy withaviewtodrawing upaprogramme centre onastrategy for
developing thetrade innational commodities;
10. organizing anational seminar ontheGSPandGSTP;
11. setting upatrade point andaforeign trade centre;
12. creating anational standard-setting body.
(c) Inthelight oftheinformation youhave been abletoprovide sofarinresponse tothe
questions inthischeck-list, what types ofinformation are,inyour view, stillmissing orcould
beimproved upon? Inorder toassist youinproviding thismissing information, would youneed
technical assistance?
None.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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(d) Does your country have thetechnological capacity andhuman resources tomake useof
thenewinformation/ communication technology toolssuchasCD-Rom, theInternet etc.? What
assistance would youneedtoenable yourcountry tousethese toolsinthecontext oftraining and,
more generally, inthecontext oftrade development?
Chad lacks thetechnological capacity andhuman resources needed tomake useofthenew
information/communication technology tools suchasCD-ROM, theInternet etc.
Technical assistance requested:
- Training ofexecutives from theprivate andpublic sectors inthisarea;
- setting upatrade point.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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Technical Assistance Needs Submitted bytheRepublic ofChad for
Improved Participation intheWTO andinInternational Trade
Description oftechnical assistance desired Recipient sector Possible origin Priority
Study onthepotential impact ofWTO agreements on
theeconomy ofChadMDICA
MFEPAT
MDTWTO
UNCTAD
IBRD1
Support inthedrafting oflaws andregulations
(anti-dumping, subsidies, safeguards, competition,
standardization, etc.) inkeeping withWTO
Agreements: training, seminars, technical assistanceMDICA
MFEPAT
MDT
MJGS
CCIAMA
Private sectorWTO
UNCTAD2
Technical support re.notification MDICA
DDDIWTO 3
Support indrawing upanewinvestment code,
(research under way)MDICA
MFEPAT
CCIAMA
MDTWTO
UNCTAD
UNIDO
IMF4
Conducting astudy aimed atreducing airandland
transport andtransit costs, implementation ofaTIR
systemMTTP
Private sector
DDDIWTO
EU5
Training ofeducators ofcustoms agents incustoms
valuation andrules oforiginDDDI WCO 6
Support increating acommon export andimport
guarantee fundCCIAMA
banking sectorUNCTAD
IBRD
IADB7
Assistance increating atrade point: training,
infrastructure, equipment, documentation, Internet,
etc.CCIAMA WTO
UNCTAD8
Training intrade standards andmetrology MDICA
CCIAMAWTO
UNCTAD9
Training ofexperts forcompliance withand
application ofWTO rules: support inthetraining of
customs andforwarding agents, assistance in
introducing information technologyDDDI
private sector
MDICA
CCIAMAWCO
WTO
UNCTAD
IMF
IBRD10
Assistance inthetraining ofjurists specializing in
business law(including magistracy)private sector
MJGSWTO 11
Organization ofnational seminars ontheGSP andthe
GSTP, andfollow-up tothese seminarsCCIAMA WTO
UNCTAD12
Support increating financial institutions specializing
intradeCCIAMA
banking sectorIADB
WTO
ITC
BIS13
Support infiscal reform andintraining Ministry of
Finance personnelMFEPAT IBRD
IADB
IMF14WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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Description oftechnical assistance desired Recipient sector Possible origin Priority
Training ininternational trade negotiation CCIAMA
MDICA
MFEPATWTO
UNCTAD15
Assistance inharmonizing national, subregional and
international regulations between Chad, CACEU,
CEMAC andWTOMDICA
MFEPATWTO
UNCTAD16
Training inthepromotion ofcommodities andin
trade representationCCIAMA
MDICAUNCTAD 17
Assistance insetting upabody forstandard setting
andmonitoringMDICA
ME
MAWTO
ISO18
Assistance fortraining inmarketing, management,
withspecial emphasis ontheneeds ofwomenAFCT
CCIAMAUNCTAD
ITC19
Training ofoperators ofmodern communication
tools, InternetCCIAMA
Trade pointWTO
ITC20
Training incommodity trading riskmanagement CCIAMA
MDICAUNCTAD 21
Assistance infinancing andcreating acoldroom and
asystem ofwarehousing forcereal productsCCIAMA UNIDO 22
Training ofoperators ofenterprises ininternational
managementCCIAMA
MDICA
MAEC
MFEPAT
Private sector
MDTUNCTAD
WTO23
Trytoobtain funding (inparticular forforeign trade)
onflexible repayment termsAFCT
Peasant
organizations,
private sectorIFC
ADB
EIB
Gramcheen
Bank24
Assistance insetting upamutual loanfund and
providing itwithcomputer equipmentAFCT
CCIAMAUNCTAD
ITC25
Assistance increating andorganizing asubregional
trade fairCCIAMA EU 26
Study onthepossibilities ofdeveloping under-
exploited agricultural sectors inChad, inparticular,
cattle, leather andhides, fruitandvegetables, etc.MA
ME
CCIAMAUNCTAD
ITC
UNIDO27
Support forthetraining ofilliterate women AFCT UNESCO 28
Training ininternational trade policy andnegotiation MDICA
CCIAMAWTO
UNCTAD29
Conducting astudy onthepossibilities fordeveloping
tourism inChadCCIAMA
MDTWorld
Tourism
Organization30WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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Description oftechnical assistance desired Recipient sector Possible origin Priority
Assistance inachieving solid external accounts and
balance ofpaymentsMFEPAT
MDICA
CCIAMAbilateral
IMF31
Assistance increating within thechamber of
commerce:
-amanagement centre;
-asingle window;
-adossier preparation unit;
-creating atechnical subject areainthetraining
andupgrading centre.CCIAMA ITC 32
Study forworking outanoptimal trade policy for
ChadMDICA
CCIAMAIBRD
WTO33
Assistance increating hedging instruments against the
exchange risks ofexportationBanking sector BIS
BEAC34
Support increating aninsurance andexport guarantee
companyFinancial sector UNCTAD 35
Assistance inidentifying needs andproblems
generated bythetransition totheEuroAllsectors EU 36WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
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Integrated Response
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inreply toquestion A(k):
Technical Assistance forcompliance
withWTO Agreements
1. Notification requirements WTO TheWTO willassist Chad incomplying
withitsnotification obligations. Tothat
end,theOMC undertakes toorganize in
thatcountry in1998 aspecial session on
notification requirements, inaddition to
thenational seminar.
2. Training inthesphere ofWTO
trade policyUNDP/
ITC/
UNCTADAspartofthefuture programme of
assistance totheprivate sector, which is
nowbeing formulated, theUNDP could
finance activities aimed atstrengthening
national capacities (inparticular, through
training) fortrade policy formulation.
Theactivities tobecarried outinthis
connection willbedovetailed withthose
being undertaken atthesubregional level.
IBRD/
WTO
(CACEU)Aregional seminar ontheinstitutions and
economic logic ofinternational trade will
beorganized aspartofthejoint World
Bank/WTO initiative. After theseminar,
specific topics willbeselected formore
in-depth follow-up (June 1998).
WTO - TheWTO willorganize anational
seminar ontheWTO andthe
multilateral trading system inChad
(1998).
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page20
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Question A(k) (cont'd):
- Specialized regional seminars will
beheldforthebenefit ofFrench-
speaking LDCs (1998 and1999).
- Athree-week training course on
trade policy willbeorganized (1998
and1999) forFrench-speaking
LDCs.
3. Advice inbringing national laws
andregulations intolinewith
WTO AgreementsIMF Togiveassistance:
1. Toreview andupdate customs
legislation andregulations toalign
them toWTO rules andstandards,
including aligning thecustoms
valuations system totheWTO
requirements; and
2. torationalize theimport tariff and
coordinate itwiththedomestic
indirect taxsystem, toassure
efficient collection ofrevenues.
(1998: Commitment inprinciple)
UNDP Inthesame connection, UNDP could
finance some oftheactivities (still tobe
decided) tohelpthegovernment in
reviewing and/or elaborating regulations
soastoalign them toWTO rules and
standards. UNDP alsoenvisages
providing support insetting upaTrade
Court inconjunction withFrench bilateral
cooperation.
IBRD
WTO
(CACEU)SeeA(k)2 above.
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page21
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Question A(k) (cont'd):
WTO TheWTO isready toprovide Chad with
assistance inaligning itsnational laws and
regulations withWTO Agreements (1998-
2000). Anevaluation mission willbe
scheduled for1998 inorder todetermine
theadjustments thatshould bemade to
national laws andregulations.
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page22
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inreply toquestion A(l):
Technical assistance needs inthe
specific areas ofWTO
1.Sanitary andphytosanitary
measures
-Advice, grants orassistance in
order toprocure theservices
oftechnical experts andto
organize training toenable
Chad tomake theadjustments
andtakethesanitary or
phytosanitary measures
necessary inorder toattain the
appropriate level ofsanitary
andphytosanitary protection of
itsexportsIBRD ThePSAP (Agricultural andPastoral
Services Project) envisages anactivity in
thissphere.
WTO TheWTO pledges toassist Chad in
response toitsrequest fortraining, by
means oftheactivities scheduled for1998
and1999 (cf.A(k)2 above) andby
providing teaching material ontheSPS
Agreement.
2.Technical barriers totrade
-elaboration oftechnical
regulations
-creating anational standard-
setting body
-participation inthework of
international standard-setting
bodiesUNDP Aspartofitsfuture programme of
assistance totheprivate sector, theUNDP
envisages providing technical assistance to
support theGovernment initsreview of
theCommercial Code, theInvestment
Code andtheLabour Code, andinsetting
upaguarantee fund fortheprivate sector.
Itshould benoted inthatconnection that
several consultation missions financed by
thelocal UNDP Office arealready under
wayinN'Djamena.
IBRD Theabove-mentioned project also
envisages dealing withstandards inthe
meat export sector.
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page23
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Question A(l)(cont'd):
3.Customs valuation
-human resource training
-assistance fortheinstitution of
implementation measures
-access tosources of
information oncustoms
valuation methodsIBRD Aproject isunder waytostrengthen
capacities intheareaofcustoms policy
andadministration.
WTO Asof1998, theWTO willprovide
assistance inimplementing theCustoms
Valuation Code. Thisassistance willbe
provided through theactivities envisaged
(cf.A(k)2 above) andbyproviding
teaching material onthisCode (1998-
2000).
4.Anti-dumping, subsidies, safeguards
-drafting ofnational lawsIBRD SeeA(l)3 above.
WTO SeeA(k)3.
5.Agreement onTrade-Related
Aspects ofIntellectual Property
(TRIPs)
-human resource trainingWTO Under theTechnical Cooperation
Agreement between WTO andWIPO,
assistance willbeprovided fortraining
persons from Chad andteaching material
made available onthisAgreement.
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page24
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inreply toquestion A(m):
Evaluation oftrade analysis and
negotiating capacities
Chad hasverylimited capacity for
trade analysis andnegotiation whether
multilateral orbilateral, asthe
Ministry responsible fortrade hasonly
ahandful ofexecutive staffwitha
general business education.
UNDP/
UNCTAD/
ITCSeeA(k).
IBRD Thepossible provision oftechnical
assistance intheareaoftrade analysis and
negotiating capacities isunder discussion
aspartoftheexamination ofeconomic
policy intheoilage.
WTO During short-term training courses in
trade policy (seeA(k)2 above), atraining
module willbeincluded inthe
programme soastofamiliarize
participants withtrade negotiations.
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page25
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inreply toquestion B(g):
Technical assistance needs withrespect
tosupply constraintsIMF Since mid-1995, under athree-year
ESAF-supported program, theauthorities
have endeavoured toputinplace aliberal
trade andpayment system. Progress
achieved inthisareaincludes the
acceptance oftheobligations ofArticle
VIII, sections 2,3and4oftheFund's
Articles ofAgreement, theabolishment of
allimport andexport licenses, andthe
reduction ofthepreferential intraregional
(UDEAC) tariff from 20to10percentof
theRegional common external tariff, as
partofChad'scommitment tothe
Regional customs arrangements, itis
expected thattheintra-regional tariff will
beabolished on1January 1998.
Training inthespheres ofstandards
andquality andexport promotionIBRD Technical assistance isprovided inthe
context ofSAL II(Structural Adjustment
Loan II)(approved inJune 1997).
Conducting astudy aimed atreducing
thecosts oftransport andtransitIBRD Thegovernment could benefit from the
study conducted under Transport Project
II.
Training incommodity marketing risk
managementUNCTAD Thegovernment willbenefit under the
UNCTAD programme onthe
management ofrisks related to
commodity prices.*
Creation ofaTrade Point UNCTAD/
ITCThisassistance canbeprovided within the
framework oftheWorld Network of
Trade Points.*
IBRD Thecreation ofaTrade Point isan
element ofSAL IIandIII-(Structural
Adjustment Loan IIandIII). (See
immediately above.)
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page26
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Question B(g)(cont'd):
Assistance indrawing upanew
Investment Code thatcanattract more
foreign investors toestablish
themselves inChadUNDP Aspartofitsfuture programme of
assistance totheprivate sector, theUNDP
envisages providing technical assistance to
support theGovernment initsreview of
theCommercial Code, theInvestment
Code andtheLabour Code, andinsetting
upaguarantee fund fortheprivate sector.
Itshould benoted inthatconnection that
several consultation missions financed by
thelocal UNDP Office arealready under
wayinN'Djamena.
IBRD
(CACEU )Aregional investment code hasbeen
drafted andwillbepresented atthenext
meeting oftheCACEU Council of
Ministers.
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page27
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inresponse toquestion B(q):
Technical assistance needs intheareaof
trade promotion andsupport services
Training inexport promotion, trade
representation andinventory
management
Setting upaforeign trade promotion and
trade documentation centreITC Thetechnical conditions forsetting up
anexport promotion centre willbe
studied aspartofafact-finding and
advisory mission in1998.
Tourism development study inChad
Setting upapermanent documentary
basecontaining tourism statistics, guides
andmaps, resources, products, operators
andregulations.ITC After themission mentioned above, the
elements ofatechnical cooperation
project willbedrawn up,including the
establishment ofatrade information and
documentation centre.*
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page28
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inreply toquestion B(v):
Technical assistance needs withrespect
tomarket access
Assistance inorganizing aseminar on
theGSP, GSTP andonmarketingUNCTAD Chad willbenefit under UNCTAD
programmes ontheGSPandGSTP.
(Additional financing required)
Assistance inorganizing anational
seminar onstandards andquality controlITC Aseminar onstandards andquality
control andpackaging could be
organized in1998 following
consultations withtheGovernment
under theongoing inter-regional
programme onquality control.
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page29
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inreply toquestion C(b):
Summary oftechnical assistance needs
byorder ofpriority
1.Notification requirements WTO Seereply toquestion A(k).
2.Study oftheimpact of
WTO Agreements ontheeconomy
ofChadUNCTAD Thestudy hasbeen under waysince
September 1997.
IBRD/
(CACEU )Study ontheimpact ofliberalization,
devaluation andtheUruguay Round,
willbecompleted attheendof1997.
3.Elaboration ofnational laws and
regulations onanti-dumping,
subsidies, safeguards and
competition, andtheorganization of
seminars andrelated activitiesWTO SeeA(k) andA(l).
4.Training intheareas of
international trade policy,
metrology andtrade standardsUNDP/ITC/
UNCTADSeeA(k).
WTO Seereply toquestion A(k) regarding
trade policy.
5.Training inthepromotion of
commodities, trade representation
andriskmanagementITC SeeB(q).
6.Preparation ofanewinvestment
codeUNDP SeeB(g).
TheUNDP alsoenvisages support for
theestablishment ofaTrade Court.
IBRD
(CACEU )SeeB(g).
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page30
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Question C(b) (cont'd):
7.Reform ofnational laws and
regulations inorder tobring them
intolinewithWTO AgreementsIMF SeeA(k)3.
UNDP SeeB(g).
WTO SeeA(k) andA(l).
8.Conducting astudy aimed at
reducing transport andtransit costs
9.Conducting astudy withaview to
drawing upaprogramme centred
onastrategy fordeveloping the
trade oflocal commoditiesITC SeeB(q).
UNCTAD SeeB(g)(risk management).
10.Organizing anational seminar on
theGSP andGSTPUNCTAD SeeB(v).
11.Setting upatrade point anda
foreign trade centreITC/
UNCTADSeeB(g).
IBRD SeeB(g).
12.Creating anational standard- setting
bodyITC SeeB(v).
*Financing tobesought.WT/LDC/HL/12/Add.2
Page31
Technical assistance needs identified in
thequestionnaireOrganization Reply
Inreply toquestion C(d):
Technological capacity andhuman
resources tomake useofthenew
information/communication technology
tools
Chad lacks thetechnical capacity and
human resources needed tomake useof
thenewinformation/communication
technology tools such asCD-ROM,
Internet, etc.
Technical assistance requested:
-training ofexecutives from the
private andpublic sectors inthis
area
-setting upaTrade PointUNCTAD TheTRAINS CD-ROM hasbeen
supplied. Training willbegiven inhow
touseit.*
SeeB(g).
ITC/
UNCTAD/
IBRDSeeB(g).
WTO TheWTO willbeinaposition to
provide acomputer andalaser printer
forthegovernment focal point for
questions concerning themultilateral
trading system (1998).
TheWTO willalsobeabletoinstall the
necessary Internet connections atthe
focal point andtosupply Chad withCD-
ROMs.
Training intheuseofcomputer and
electronic equipment willalsobe
provided bytheWTO (1998).
*Financing tobesought.