RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
14 September 2001 
 (01-4338) 
Working Party on the Accession of the 
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Original:   English 
 
    
ACCESSION OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA  
 
Initial Offer in Services
 
 
Revision  
 
  For the purposes of the accession of the Govern ment of the Former Yugoslav Republic of 
Macedonia to the WTO, the Government has pr esented the following revised offer of initial 
commitments on trade in services, with the request that it be circulated to members of the Working 
Party. 
 
 
_______________ 
 
 
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 2 THE REPUBLIC OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 
INITIAL OFFER IN SERVICES 
 
Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
All sectors 
CPC codes inscribed in this schedule are 
those contained in document: Statistical Papers Series M No. 77,  
Provisional Central Product Classification, 
Department of International Economic and 
Social Affairs, Statistical Office of the 
United Nations, New York, 1991.     
 Commercial Presence  
In order to supply services, foreign service 
provider is required to get registered as a sole 
proprietor, a trade comp any, or registering a 
branch. A representative office registered in 
the Republic of Macedonia cannot conduct 
business operations.  
   
 
 Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural Persons  
 
Unbound, except: A foreign natural person may be employed if 
he/she has an approval for temporary or 
permanent stay and if he/she obtains an approval for employment issued by the 
Employment Bureau of the Republic of 
Macedonia. 
 
A temporary residence clearance is valid for up to one year and may be extended for 
additional year.  
 A foreign natural person must submit proof 
justifying the reason for submitting the request 
for a temporary residence, as well as that funds for his/her subsistence have been Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural Persons
 
 
Unbound, except: A foreign natural person may be employed if 
he/she has an approval for temporary or 
permanent stay and if he/she obtains an approval for employment issued by the 
Employment Bureau of the Republic of 
Macedonia. 
 
A temporary residence clearance is valid for up to one year and may be extended for 
additional year.  
 A foreign natural person must submit proof 
justifying the reason for submitting the request 
for a temporary residence, as well as that funds for his/her subsistence have been   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
provided.    provided.    
  Real Estate and Land Rights  
(1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  
  Subsidies  
(1) (2) (3) (4) Eligibility  for subsidies reserved
for national services and service suppliers.   
II. COMMITMENTS IN SPECIFIC SECTORS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES  
A. Professional Services  
(b) Accounting and bookkeeping services   
 (CPC 86212, 86213, 86219 and 8622)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4)  Unbound  
 Auditing services  
 (CPC 86211)          
 (1) (2) Concluding a contract with a domestic 
audit company is required. Foreign 
company must be registered in its own country for providing auditing services.   
 
 
 
 (3) A foreign auditing company can 
establish only one auditing company in 
the Republic of Macedonia.     
 If the foreign company is not registered 
in its own country for providing auditing 
services, its participation in the total capital of the new established auditing 
company in the Rep ublic of Macedonia 
cannot exceed 25%.   
 Auditing report must be officially 
produced by an auditing company, not by 
an employee or a contracted auditor as a natural person.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  (1) (2) A foreign audit company not registered 
in the Republic of Macedonia, but 
registered to conduct audit in the country where its main office is located, may 
perform audit in the Republic of 
Macedonia only on a contract basis in 
cooperation with a domestic audit 
company. 
(3) An audit company must employ at least 
two auditors licensed in the Republic of 
Macedonia.  Ministry of Finance issues licenses to foreign auditors after a 
verification procedure.  
  
 
  
 
  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 4 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Taxation services (CPC 863) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Architectural services (CPC 8671) 
(e) Engineering services (CPC 8672) (f)    Integrated engineering services 
 (CPC 8673) 
(g) Urban planning and landscape 
architectural serv ices (CPC 8674) (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
(i) Veterinary services (CPC 932) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4)  Unbound (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  
B. Computer and Related Services   
(a) Consultancy services related to the 
 installation of computer hardware  
 (CPC 841)   (b) Software implementation services  
 (CPC 842)          
(c) Data processing services   (CPC 843)          
(d) Data base services  
 (CPC 844)   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  None  (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
C. Research and Development Services  
 (except research in the field of historical and cultural id entity of Macedonian peoples and  nationalities who live in the Rep ublic of Macedonia) 
(a) R&D services on natural sciences 
 (CPC 851)   
(b) R&D services on social sciences and 
 humanities   (CPC 852)   
(c) Interdisciplinary R&D services 
 (CPC 853) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section.  
 (1) None (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
 Page 5Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
D. Real estate and land Services  
(b) On a fee or contract basis 
 (CPC 822)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without  Operators and With Operators  
(a) Relating to ships  
 (CPC 83103)          
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Relating to aircraft 
 (CPC 83104)    
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
 Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
 Horizontal Section  
(c) Relating to other transport equipment 
 (CPC 83101+ 83102+ 83105)   
 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Relating to other machinery and 
 equipment  (CPC 83106-83109)   
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Other Business  Services  
(a) Advertising services  
 (CPC 871) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Market research and public opinion 
polling services 
 (CPC 864)    (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 6 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Management consulting services  
 (CPC 865) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Services related to management 
consulting; 
 (CPC 866) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Technical testing and analysis services  
 (CPC 8676) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Services incidental to agriculture, 
hunting and forestry  (CPC 881) 
 
 (i) Agriculture 
 
 (ii) Hunting  
 
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound   
 
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound   
 (iii) Forestry 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Services incidental to fishing  
 (CPC 882) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  
(h) Advisory and consulting services 
 relating to mining  
 (part of CPC 883)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Placement and supply services of 
Personnel 
 (CPC 872) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(l) Investigation and security 
 (CPC 873) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  
(m) Scientific and technical consulting 
services  
 (CPC 8675)   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) Maintenance and repair of equipment 
(not including maritime vessels, aircraft or other transport equipment)  
 (CPC 633, 8861-8866) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(o) Building-cleaning services 
 (CPC 874)           (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(p) Photographic services 
 (CPC 875)          
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(q) Packaging services 
 (CPC 876) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(r) Printing, publishing  
 (CPC 88442)  (1) Written contract with a domestic legal 
entity is required. 
(2) None 
(3) Written contract with a domestic legal 
entity is required. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 (2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 8 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
A. Postal Services  
 (CPC 7511)  (1) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise Macedonian Post Office. 
(2) None 
(3) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
  
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B Courier Services   
 (CPC 7512) 
  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  
C. Telecommunication Services:  
 
The commitments in this sector has been 
scheduled in accordance with the "Notes for 
Scheduling Basic Telecom Services 
Commitments (S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1)" and "Market Access Limitations on Spectrum 
Availability (S/GBT/W/3)"   See the Reference Paper 
attached 
 (1) (3) (4) Macedonian Telecommunications 
has an exclusive right by 31 December 2005 
to build, posses and work with fixed public telecommunication networks.     
Basic Telecommunications Services  
 
(a) Voice telephone services    
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
(1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2005. None, as of January 
1, 2006  
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until December 31, 2005. None, as of January 
1, 2006 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
 
(1) None  
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
 Page 9Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(b) Packet-switched data transmission 
services 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Circuit-switched data transmission 
services 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Telex services  
 (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
December 31, 2005. None, as of January 
1, 2006 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2005. None, as of  
1 January 2006 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Telegraph services  (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2005.  None, as of January 1, 2006 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2005.  None, as of  
1 January 2006 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Facsimile services 
  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 10 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(g) Private leased circuit services: 
  (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2005.  None, as of  1 January 2006 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2005.  None, as of  
1 January 2006 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 (2) None 
 
(3) None  
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Value-added Telecommunications Services     
(h) Electronic mail  
   (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Voice mail  
  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) On-line information and data base 
retrieval  
  
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI)  
  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile 
services, incl. store and forward, store 
and retrieve  
   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(m) Code and protocol conversion 
  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) On-line information and/or data 
processing (incl. transaction processing)  
  
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(o) Other services: 
 -  Mobile telecommunications (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the  Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  Horizontal Section  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES 
A. General construction 
 work for buildings 
 (CPC 512)   B. General construction  work for civil 
 engineering 
 (CPC 513) C. Installation and assembly work 
 (CPC 514+516)  
D. Building completion and finishing work.  (CPC 517) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
Subsectors below exclude trade in arms, 
chemical products, explosives and precious 
metals    
A. Commission Agents’ Services   
 (CPC 621) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the  Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Wholesale Trade  
 (CPC 622)  
C. Retailing Services   
 (CPC 631, 632, 6111, 6113, 6121) 
D. Franchising   
 (CPC 8929) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None   (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
 Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None   (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
 Horizontal Section  
5. EDUCATION SERVICES  
All education services included in this 
section:  
 Subsectors listed below only cover privately 
funded education services. 
 
Educational services in investigation, 
security and defense areas and in history and 
culture of Macedonian people and nationalities are excluded  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound for grants and 
scholarships  
B. Secondary Education Services    
 (CPC 922)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Higher Education Services   
 (CPC 923)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Adult Education  
 (CPC 924)   (1) None 
(2) None (3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
A. Sewage Services   
 (CPC 9401) 
B. Refuse Disposal  Services  
 (CPC 9402) C. Sanitation and Similar Services
  
 (CPC 9403) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
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Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES    
All sectors:  Insurance companies and banks canno t provide both insurance and banking services. 
A. Insurance and Insurance Related 
Services   as defined in the "Annex on 
Financial services" 
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) Establishment of an insurance joint-stock 
company in the Rep ublic of Macedonia 
is required. No other forms of 
establishment allowed.  
 A foreign or domestic legal entity or 
natural person, other than a foreign  insurance company, may not hold more 
than 25% of stocks management rights in 
an insurance company.  This requirement is valid until January 1, 2003. 
 Approval of the Minister of Finance is 
required for the establishment of any insurance company.    
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Banking and Other Financial Services  
 (excluding insurance) as defined in the 
 "Annex on Financial services"  
(3) Only a legal entity established  in the 
Republic of Macedonia may provide banking and other financial services. 
Foreign banks can provide banking 
services only by establishing  a branch in the Republic of Macedonia.  
 Banks are to be established as joint-stock 
companies.  
 An individual stockholder may not hold 
more than one third of the stocks with 
management rights. This requirement is in force until 1 January 2003.  Based on 
the determination of the National Bank 
of the Republic of Macedonia, when a bank establishes a bank, its share in the 
capital may be unlimited.  
 Brokerage houses, closed investment 
funds, fund management companies and 
the Central Depository of Securities are   
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 14 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
to be established as joint-stock 
companies after obtaining an approval of 
the Commission on Securities. 
 Brokerage houses can be established by 
at least two domestic or foreign legal 
entities or natural persons. 
 Founders of the Central Depository of 
Securities can be only brokerage houses, 
banks, insurance companies and fund 
management companies established in 
the Republic of Macedonia. 
 Exchange offices may be established by 
domestic legal entities or natural persons 
upon approval by the Governor of the National Bank of the Republic of 
Macedonia.  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other 
repayable funds from the public  
  
 (i)  Wholesale deposit  services  
     (ii) Other bank deposit services 
    
 
 
(1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None (3) May be provided by banks only. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
 
(1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 (iii) Other deposit services  
  (limited to saving houses) (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None (3)  Saving houses are authorized to provide 
deposit services for natural persons only.  
 Foreign legal and natural persons are not 
allowed to establish Saving Houses. 
 Saving houses need to be established as 
joint-stock companies or limited liability 
companies. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
 
 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
 Page 15Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(b) Lending of all types, consumer credit, 
mortgage credit, factoring and 
financing of commercial transaction  
  (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) For banks : None 
 For saving houses : Granting credits to 
legal entities exceed ing 150% of the 
guaranteed capital of the saving houses must be provided only through a bank.   
 For other legal entities
:  They can grant 
loans to other legal entities only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Financial leasing  
   (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) All payment and money transmission 
services  
  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) May be provided by banks only.   
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Guarantees and commitments  
  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Trading for own account or for account 
of customers, whether on an exchange, 
in an over-the-counter market or 
otherwise, the following:    
 - money market instruments 
(cheques, bills, certificate of  
deposits, etc.)  
  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) This type of services may be provided by 
banks and trade companies only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 16 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 - foreign exchange  
  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) This type of services may be provided by 
banks and exchange offices only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - derivative products (including 
futures and options)  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, such as swaps and 
forward rate agreements  
   (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - transferable securities  
   
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound. Brokerage houses and banks 
will be permitted to offer these types of 
services from 1 January 2003.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - other negotiable instruments and 
financial assets, such as bullion  
    (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None  
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Participation in issues of all kinds of 
securities, under-writing and placement as agent (whether pub licly or privately) 
and provision of service related to such 
issues  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None (3) This type of services may be provided by 
banks and trade companies only.     
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Money broking  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
 Page 17Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(i) Asset management, such as cash or 
portfolio management, all forms of 
collective investment management, pension fund management, custodial 
depositary and trust services  (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 - For custodial depository 
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None (3) Only banks may provide this type of 
services.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) Settlement and clearing services for 
financial assets: securities, derivative 
products, and other negotiable instruments  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Advisory and other auxiliary financial 
services: credit  reference and 
analysis,  investment and  portfolio 
research and advice, advice on 
acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy 
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) Only trade companies, banks, saving 
houses and brokerage houses may 
provide these types of services. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data 
processing and related software  by providers of other financial services  
 (1) Commercial presence is required. 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotels and Restaurants  (incl. catering)  
 (CPC 641-643) 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators ' 
Services   
 (CPC 7471) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Tourist Guides Services    
 (CPC 7472) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 18 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES (Other than audiovisual services) 
A.   Other entertainment and cultural 
 services  
 - Cinema Theatre Operation  Services 
 (CPC 96199) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None 
(4) None  
B. News agency services  
 (CPC 962) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Sporting and other recreational services  
 (CPC 964) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
C. Air Transport Services   
 
(d) Aircraft repair and maintenance services 
  
  
 
(1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Supporting services for air transport 
 - Selling and marketing of air  transport 
services only  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 Computer Reservation System (CRS) 
services 
 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
 Page 19Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
E. Rail Transport Services   
 
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail transport  equipment  
 (CPC 8868)  
 
(1)  Unbound (2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) None (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Road Transport Services   
 
(a) Passenger  transportation  (b)  Freight transportation 
(d) Maintenance and repair of road 
transport equipment 
 (CPC 71213, 7122, 7123, 6112)  
 
(1) Unbound  (2) None 
(3) None  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) Unbound (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
H. Services Auxiliary to all Modes of Transport    
Air Transport   
 
(b) Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748)  
 
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
 Horizontal Section  
 
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Road Transport  
 
(b)  Storage and warehouse services    (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748)  
 
(1) Unbound (2) None 
(3) None  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) Unbound (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Rail Transport Services  
 
(b)  Storage and warehouse services    (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748)   
 
(1)  Unbound (2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
(1) None (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 20 LIST OF ARTICLE  II (MFN) EXEMPTIO NS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA  
Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating 
its inconsistency with Article II Countries to which  
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Real estate and Land   All Sectors  Foreign natural persons may 
by inheritance obtain a right to 
ownership of real estate and land on the territory of the Republic of 
Macedonia, under condition of 
reciprocity.  
 Foreign legal entities may, 
under condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to ownership of real 
estate and land on the territory of 
the Republic of Macedonia through inheritance, on the basis 
of a testament.  
 A foreign natural person may, under condition of 
reciprocity, obtain a right to 
ownership of a flat or a building in the Republic of Macedonia.  
 A foreign natural person 
may, under condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to 
ownership and right to long-term 
lease of business premises on the territory of the Republic of 
Macedonia.  
 A foreign legal entity may, under condition of reciprocity, 
obtain a right to ownership and 
right to long-term lease of living 
and business premises on the 
territory of the Republic of Macedonia. 
 Foreign natural persons and 
legal entities may, under conditions of reciprocity, obtain a 
right to long-term lease of 
construction sites for construction of business buildings and All countries Indefinite Requirements of bilateral and 
regional commitments.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1
 Page 21Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating 
its inconsistency with Article II Countries to which  
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
premises and apartment building and apartments on the territory of 
the Republic of Macedonia.   Foreign natural persons and 
legal entities may, under 
conditions of reciprocity, obtain a right to long-term lease of 
agricultural land on the territory 
of the Republic of Macedonia.  
Legal Services  Legal services of foreign 
suppliers may be provided on the 
territory of the Republic of 
Macedonia on the basis of reciprocity. All countries Indefinite Reciprocal coordination of the 
legal profession within the overall 
regional development of judicial 
and administrative institutions. 
Audiovisual Services 
-Production and 
distribution of cinematographic 
works and television 
programmes Measures based upon 
government-to-government 
framework agreements on co-production of audiovisual works, 
which confer national treatment to 
audiovisual works covered by these agreements, in particular in 
relation to distribution and access 
to funding. All countries with whom cultural 
co-operation may be desirable. Indefinite The aim of these agreements is to 
promote cultural links between 
the countries concerned. 
Audiovisual services  - Production and 
distribution of 
audiovisual works through 
broadcasting or other 
forms of transmission to the public Measures which define works of 
European origin in such a way as 
to extend national treatment to 
audiovisual works which meet certain linguistic and origin 
criteria regarding access to 
broadcasting or similar forms of transmission. European countries Indefinite The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural values 
both within EC Member States, 
and with other countries in Europe, as well as achieving 
linguistic policy objectives. 
Audiovisual Services - Production and 
distribution of television 
programmes and 
cinematographic works Measures granting the benefit of 
any support programmes (such as 
Action Plan for Advanced Television Services, MEDIA or 
EURIMAGES) to audiovisual 
works, and suppliers of such works, meeting certain European 
origin criteria. European countries Indefinite. Exemption needed, for 
certain countries, only until an 
economic integratio n agreement is 
concluded or completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the 
regional identity of countries within Europe which have long 
standing cultural links.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 22 Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating 
its inconsistency with Article II Countries to which  
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need for 
the exemption 
Educational Services Preferences may be extended in 
implementation of student 
exchange programs, for visits by educators, and for educational 
institutions in order to promote 
cooperation in cultural exchange.  All countries Indefinite The requirement for particular 
international participation in the 
development of general and specialized educational programs, 
including special regional or 
international programs. 
CRS and sales and marketing of air 
transport services The obligations of CRS system 
vendors or of parent and 
participating air carriers shall not 
apply where equivalent treatment is not accorded in the country of 
origin of the parent carrier or of the 
system vendor. All countries where a CRS system 
vendor or a parent air carrier is 
located. Indefinite The need fo r the exemption results 
from the insufficient development 
of multilaterally agreed rules for 
the operation of CRS. 
Road Transport Services  Bilateral agreements with the 
governments of other countries 
offer favourable treatment.  All countries with which the 
Republic of Macedonia has 
agreements on road transport.  Indefinite The need for exemption is linked 
to the region characteristics of the 
road transport services and to the 
necessity to regulate traffic rights in and across the territory of the 
Republic of Macedonia and 
between Macedonia and the countries concerned.  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
 Page 23 
 
 
 REFERENCE PAPER   
 
Scope  
 The following are definitions an d principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services.   
 
Definitions
 
 Users
 mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 Essential facilities
 mean facilities of a public telecommunica tions transport network or service that 
 
(a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;  
and 
 (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technica lly substituted in order to provide a service. 
 
A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having 
regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of: 
  (a) control over essential facilities;  or  
 (b) use of its position in the market. 
 1. Competitive safeguards
 
 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
 
 Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or 
together, are a major supplier  from engaging in or continui ng anti-competitive practices. 
 1.2 Safeguards
 
 
 The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular: 
 
(a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;    (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and 
 
(c) not making available to othe r services suppliers on a timely basis technical information 
about essential facilities an d commercially relevant inform ation which are necessary for 
them to provide services.  
 
2. Interconnection
 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public teleco mmunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another 
supplier and  to access services provided by a nother supplier, where sp ecific commitments are 
undertaken. 
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
Page 24 
 
 
 2.2 Interconnection to be ensured  
 
 Interconnection with a major suppl ier will be ensured at any tec hnically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interc onnection is provided. 
 
(a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditi ons (including techni cal standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated se rvice suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, co nditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to 
economic feasibility, and suffi ciently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for 
network components or facilities  that it does not require for the service to be provided;  
and 
 (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
  2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnec tion to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available.  2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly availa ble either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer.  2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
 
  A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
 
 (a) at any time or   (b) after a reasonable period of time  which has been made publicly known 
 
to an independent domestic body, which may be a regu latory body as referred to  in paragraph 5 below, 
to resolve disputes regarding a ppropriate terms, cond itions and rates for interconnection within a 
reasonable period of time, to the extent that  these have not been established previously. 
 3. Universal service
 
 
 Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and comp etitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.       
4. Public availability of licensing criteria
 
  Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:   WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.1 
 Page 25 
 
 
 (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of  time normally require d to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence  and 
 (b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences. 
  The reasons for the denial of a licence w ill be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 
5. Independent regulators
 
  The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regul ators shall be impartial 
with respect to all market participants. 
 
6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
  Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers and rights of way, will be carr ied out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current st ate of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed 
identification of frequencies allocated for specific government us es is not required. 
 
__________