This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER
contains notices to the public of the proposedissuance of rules and regulations. Thepurpose of these notices is to give interestedpersons an opportunity to participate in therule making prior to the adoption of the finalrules.Proposed RulesFederal Register14296 
Vol. 88, No. 45 
Wednesday, March 8, 2023 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Agricultural Marketing Service 
7 CFR Part 52 
[Doc. No. AMS–SC–21–0091, SC–22–326] 
United States Standards for Grades of 
Processed Raisins 
AGENCY : Agricultural Marketing Service, 
USDA. 
ACTION : Proposed rule. 
SUMMARY : The Agricultural Marketing 
Service (AMS) proposes to revise the 
United States Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins. AMS is proposing to modify two references to the allowances for capstems within the standards to modernize the standards to reflect current industry practices. The proposal also includes minor editorial changes to table headings to align with updated Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) formatting requirements. 
DATES : Comments must be submitted on 
or before May 8, 2023. 
ADDRESSES : Interested persons are 
invited to submit comments to the Standardization Branch, Specialty Crops Inspection Division, Specialty Crops Program, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Training and Development Center; 100 Riverside Parkway, Suite 101; Fredericksburg, Virginia 22406; fax: (540) 361–1199, or via the internet at: https://www.regulations.gov. Comments 
should reference the date and page numbers of this issue of the Federal Register. All comments submitted in response to this proposed rule will become a part of the public record and be made available to the public including any personal information provided at https://www.regulations.gov. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
Brian E. Griffin at the address above, or at phone (202) 748–2155; fax (540) 361– 1199; or email Brian.Griffin@usda.gov. Copies of the proposed U.S. Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins are available on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov. Copies of the 
current U.S. Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins are available at https://www.ams.usda.gov/grades- standards/fruits. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : This 
proposed action, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553, would amend regulations at 7 CFR part 52 issued under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621– 1627), as amended. These revisions to the U.S. grade standards would also be reflected in enforcement of the grade requirements under the Federal marketing order, 7 CFR part 989, issued under the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 (7 U.S.C. 601– 674) which regulates the handling of raisins produced from grapes grown in California, and 7 CFR part 999, which regulates the importation of raisins into the United States. 
Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 
The U.S. Department of Agriculture 
(USDA) is issuing this proposed rule in 
conformance with Executive Orders 12866 and 13563. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and equity). Executive Order 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting flexibility. This proposed action falls within a category of regulatory actions that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted from review under Executive Order 12866. 
Executive Order 13175 
This proposed rule has been reviewed 
under E.O. 13175—Consultation and 
Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments, which requires agencies to consider whether their rulemaking actions would have tribal implications. 
AMS has determined that this 
proposed rule is unlikely to have substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes. 
Executive Order 12988 
This proposed rule has been reviewed 
under Executive Order 12988, Civil 
Justice Reform. This proposed action is not intended to have retroactive effect. There are no administrative procedures that must be exhausted prior to any judicial challenge to the provisions of this rule. 
Background 
AMS continually reviews all fruit and 
vegetable grade standards to ensure 
their usefulness to the industry, and to modernize language and remove duplicative terminology. Changes to the headings for all tables within the U.S. Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins are required to reflect current CFR formatting requirements. Conforming changes to cross references to those tables within the standards are also proposed. 
On October 13, 2017, AMS received a 
petition from the Raisin Administrative Committee (RAC), which locally administers the Federal marketing order regulating the handling of raisins produced from grapes grown in California (7 CFR part 989). The petition requested that AMS reduce the number of allowable capstems for all varietals, except Zante Currants, in all three Grades (A, B, and C) as follows: for Type I, Seedless Raisins and Type II, Golden Seedless Raisins the allowances for capstems would change in Grade A, from 15 to 10, in Grade B from 25 to 15, and in Grade C from 35 to 20. For Sultana Raisins the allowances for capstems would change in Grade A from 25 to 10, in Grade B from 45 to 15, and in Grade C from 65 to 20. The RAC further stated that, since 1978, the industry has adopted major improvements, including laser sorters, x-rays, and super vacuums, which allow the industry to clean and sort with far superior results that ultimately exceed the current U.S. Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins. 
Prior to developing proposed 
revisions to these grade standards, AMS solicited comments and suggestions from the RAC in the form of a discussion draft of the revised standards. On December 20, 2017, the RAC provided a positive response to the discussion draft. 
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The AMS Agricultural Analytics 
Division helped develop a study to 
compare USDA inspection results for capstems for a specified period of time with those that would be obtained under the proposed changes submitted by the RAC based on data collected from AMS offices. The date range for the study was from October 4, 2016, to August 15, 2019, encompassing a total of 28,059 inspection results of all varietals, except Zante Currants, of both domestically produced raisins and imported raisins. AMS received the final report from the Agricultural Analytics Division on May 26, 2020. The report indicates that only 1.03% of all inspections—for both domestic and imported raisins—during the study’s date range would result in raisins grading differently under the proposed capstem allowances than they did under the current allowances, leaving a full 98.97% of lots of raisins inspected unchanged in their classification. See Report on Changing Capstem Allowances as supporting documentation to this notice. 
Aware of the potential international 
implications that could result from tightening the allowances for capstems, the AMS International Standards Coordinator engaged with the Codex Committee on Processed Fruits and Vegetables regarding the draft revised standard for raisins to mitigate any opposition on the pending proposal. To gauge reaction to proposed changes in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins, AMS also contacted the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) largest member countries that produce raisins; Turkey; Germany, Europe’s largest importer and consumer of raisins and dean of the European Union standardization sector; and the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council (INC), the largest international dry produce (fruits and nuts) member organization. SCI reached out in July 2020 and heard responses from October 2020 to February 2021 and ultimately made the decision to continue forward. While there was not consensus on the changes, which is not uncommon, with the AMS Agricultural Analytics Division finding that only slightly more 
than 1% of recent raisin inspections would result in a change of grade under the proposed rule, AMS does not expect 
the proposal to be overly burdensome on the international market, if enacted. Furthermore, the RAC believes that reducing the amount of allowable capstems would incentivize the use of the improved, modern technologies available to the industry. As the RAC also has stated that reduction in the amount of allowable capstems would result in a safer and better product for consumers, AMS is moving forward with this proposed rule to elicit 
comments from stakeholders concerning the proposal’s efficacy. 
A 60-day comment period is provided 
for interested persons to submit comments on the proposed revised grade standards. Copies of the proposed revised standards are at https://www.regulations.gov. After the 60-day 
comment period, AMS will move forward in accordance with 7 CFR 36.3 (a) (1 through 3). 
Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis 
Pursuant to the requirements set forth 
in the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 
AMS has considered the economic impact of this action on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has prepared this initial regulatory flexibility analysis. 
The purpose of the RFA is to fit 
regulatory actions to the scale of businesses subject to such actions so that small businesses will not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. 
According to the industry, there are 
approximately 2,000 raisin growers in California. According to the National Agricultural Statistics Service, for the 2020/21 season, the total value of production for raisin grapes was $353,200,000. Taking the total value of production for raisins and dividing it by the total number of raisin growers provides a return per grower of $176,600. A small grower as defined by the Small Business Administration (SBA) (13 CFR 121.201) is one that grosses $3,500,000 or less, annually. Therefore, most raisin producers are considered small entities under SBA’s standards. 
According to the industry, for the 
2020/21 season there are 22 handlers. A small agricultural service firm as defined by the SBA is one that grosses $30,000,000 or less, annually. Based on the annual NASS handler report, for the 2020/21 season, 242,427 tons of raisins have been transferred to handlers for packing and shipment as of August 31, 2021. The average grower price for raisins, for the 2020 crop, was $1,191 per ton. A reasonable assumption is that handlers would sell at a 10 percent markup over the grower price, resulting in a selling price of approximately $1,310 per ton. Multiplying the handler’s selling price per ton by the total number of packed tons shipped during the 2020 season provides a gross revenue of $317,579,370. Dividing the total revenue by the number of handlers reveals an average revenue per handler of $14,435,425. A small agricultural service firm as defined by the SBA is one that grosses $30,000,000 or less, annually. Based on the calculations above, the majority of raisin handlers are considered small entities under SBA’s standards. This action should not have any impact on handlers’ or growers’ benefits or costs. 
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 52 
Administrative practice, Fees, Food 
grades and standards, Food labeling, 
Frozen foods, Fruit juices, Fruits, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Vegetables. 
For reasons set forth in the preamble, 
the Agricultural Marketing Service proposes to amend 7 CFR part 52 as follows: 
PART 52—PROCESSED FRUITS AND 
VEGETABLES, PROCESSED PRODUCTS THEREOF, AND CERTAIN OTHER PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS 
■1. The authority citation for part 52 
continues to read as follows: 
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621—1627. 
■2. Amend § 52.1846 by: 
■a. Removing, in paragraphs (a), (b), 
and (c) the words ‘‘Table I of this subpart’’ and adding in their places the words ‘‘Table 1 to this section’’; and 
■b. Revising, in the table following 
paragraph (d), the heading and the entry for capstems. 
The revisions read as follows: 
§ 52.1846 Grades of seedless raisins. 
* * * * * 
TABLE 1 TO§ 52.1846—A LLOWANCES FOR DEFECTS IN TYPEI, SEEDLESS RAISINS AND TYPEII, G OLDEN SEEDLESS  
RAISINS  
Defects U.S. Grade A U.S. Grade B U.S. Grade C 
*******  
Maximum count (per 16 ounces) 
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TABLE 1 TO§ 52.1846—A LLOWANCES FOR DEFECTS IN TYPEI, SEEDLESS RAISINS AND TYPEII, G OLDEN SEEDLESS  
RAISINS —Continued 
Defects U.S. Grade A U.S. Grade B U.S. Grade C 
Capstems ....................................................................................................................... .............. 10 15 20 
*******  
§ 52.1849 [Amended] 
■3. Amend § 52.1849 by removing the 
words ‘‘Table I’’ and adding in their 
place the words ‘‘Table 1 to § 52.1846’’. 
§ 52.1852 [Amended] 
■4. Amend § 52.1852 by: 
■a. Removing, in paragraphs (a), (b), 
and (c), the words ‘‘Table II of this subpart’’ and adding in their places the words ‘‘Table 1 to this section’’; and 
■b. Revising the heading of the table 
following paragraph (d) to read ‘‘Table 
1 to § 52.1852—Allowances for Defects in Raisins with Seeds—Except Layer or Cluster’’. 
§ 52.1853 [Amended] 
■5. Amend § 52.1853 by: 
■a. Removing, in paragraphs (a) and (b), 
the words ‘‘Table III of this subpart’’ and adding in their place the words ‘‘Table 1 to this section’’; and 
■b. Revising the heading of the table 
following paragraph (c) to read ‘‘Table 1 to § 52.1853—Allowances for Defects in Layer or Cluster Raisins with Seeds’’. 
■6. Amend § 52.1855 by: ■a. Removing, in paragraphs (a), (b), 
and (c), the words ‘‘Table IV of this 
subpart’’ and adding in their places the words ‘‘Table 1 to this section’’; and 
■b. Revising, in the table following 
paragraph (b), the heading and the entry for capstems. 
The revisions read as follows: 
§ 52.1855 Grades of Sultana raisins. 
* * * * * 
TABLE 1 TO§ 52.1855—A LLOWANCES FOR DEFECTS IN SULTANA RAISINS  
Defects U.S. Grade A U.S. Grade B U.S. Grade C 
*******  
Maximum count (per 16 ounces) 
Capstems ....................................................................................................................... .............. 10 15 20 
*******  
§ 52.1857 [Amended] 
■7. Amend § 52.1857 by: 
■a. Removing in paragraphs (a) and (b) 
the words ‘‘Table V of this subpart’’ and 
adding in their places the words ‘‘Table 1 to this section’’; and 
■b. Revising the heading of the table 
following paragraph (a) to read ‘‘Table 1 to § 52.1857—Allowances for Defects in Zante Currant Raisins’’. 
Erin Morris, 
Associate Administrator, Agricultural 
Marketing Service. 
[FR Doc. 2023–04741 Filed 3–7–23; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 3410–02–P 
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 
Federal Aviation Administration 
14 CFR Part 39 
[Docket No. FAA–2023–0427; Project 
Identifier MCAI–2022–01370–T] 
RIN 2120–AA64 
Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS 
Airplanes 
AGENCY : Federal Aviation 
Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION : Notice of proposed rulemaking 
(NPRM). 
SUMMARY : The FAA proposes to adopt a 
new airworthiness directive (AD) for all Airbus SAS Model A318, A319, A320, and A321 series airplanes. This proposed AD was prompted by reports where the passenger door external handle mechanism was not retrieving its normal, flush position when the door was being closed. This proposed AD would require a one-time cleaning and lubrication of the external door handle mechanism of each affected door, and would limit the installation of affected parts, as specified in a European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD, which is proposed for incorporation by reference (IBR). The FAA is proposing this AD to address the unsafe condition on these products. 
DATES : The FAA must receive comments 
on this proposed AD by April 24, 2023. 
ADDRESSES : You may send comments, 
using the procedures found in 14 CFR 11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following methods: 
•Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to 
regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. 
•Fax: 202–493–2251. •Mail: U.S. Department of 
Transportation, Docket Operations, M– 
30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. 
•Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail 
address above between 9 a.m. and 5 
p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. 
AD Docket: You may examine the AD 
docket at regulations.gov under Docket 
No. FAA–2023–0427; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains this NPRM, the mandatory continuing airworthiness information (MCAI), any comments received, and other information. The street address for Docket Operations is listed above. 
Material Incorporated by Reference: 
•For EASA material that is proposed 
for IBR in this NPRM, contact EASA, 
Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer 3, 50668 Cologne, Germany; telephone +49 221 8999 000; email ADs@easa.europa.eu; website easa.europa.eu. You may find 
this material on the EASA website at ad.easa.europa. It is also available at regulations.gov under Docket No. FAA– 
2023–0427. 
•You may view this service 
information at the FAA, Airworthiness 
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