DEAS 982 -5:2019  
ICS: 93.080.20  
© EAC 201 9                                                                                                         First Edition 201 9 
 
COMMITTEE DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
 
Bitumen and Bituminous binders  -- Part 5: Performance graded 
bitumen -- Specifications  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DRAFT EAS T AFRICAN STANDARD                                 DEAS 982 -5:2019  
 
i                                                                                                                    ©EAC 2019 – All rights reserved  
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©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved                                                                                                       ii 
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing 
requirements governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is 
envisaged that through harmo nized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when 
goods and services are exchanged within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards Committee (EASC) mandated to 
develop and issue East African Stan dards (EAS).  The Committee is composed of representatives of 
the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public 
and private sector organizations in the community.  
East African Standards are developed through  Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders including government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other 
interested parties. Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the 
National Standards Bodie s in the Partner States. The comments received are discussed and 
incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the Principles and procedures for 
development of East African Standards.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to ke ep pace with technological advances. Users of 
the East African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest 
versions of the standards they are implementing .  
The committee responsible  for this document is Technical Committee EASC/TC 021, Building and 
Civil Engineering .  
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of 
patent rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.   
DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD                                 DEAS 982 -5:2019  
                                                                                                                               
1                                                                                               ©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved  
 Bitumen and Bi tuminous binders  — Performance graded bitumen --
Specifications   
1 Scope  
 
This Draft East African Standard  specifies requirements and test methods for performance 
graded bitumen suitable for pavement construction.  
 
2 Normative references  
 
The following referen ced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For 
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the 
referenced document (including any amendments) applies . 
 
ASTMD8, Terminology relat ing to materials for roads and pavements  
 
ASTMD92, Test Method for flash and fire points by cleveland open cup tester  
 
ASTMD95, Test Method for water in petroleum products and bituminous materials by distillation  
 
ASTMD140, Practice for sampling bituminous  materials  
 
ASTMD2042, Test method for solubility of asphalt materials in trichloroethylene  
 
ASTMD2170, Test method for kinematic viscosity of asphalts (bitumens)  
 
ASTMD2171, Test method for viscosity of asphalts by vacuum capillary viscometer  
ASTMD2872, Test method for effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (rolling thin -film 
oven test)  
 
ASTMD3381, specification for viscosity -graded asphalt cement for use in pavement construction  
ASTMD4402, Test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using 
a rotational viscometer  
 
ASTMD5546, Test method for solubility of asphalt binders in toluene by centrifuge  DEAS 982 -5:2019  
©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved                                                                                               2 
 ASTMD6521, Practice for accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a Pressurized Aging Vessel 
(PAV)  
 
ASTMD6648, Test meth od for determining the flexural creep stiffness of asphalt binder using the 
Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR)  
 
ASTMD6723, Test method for determining the fracture properties of asphalt binder in Direct 
Tension (DT)  
 
ASTMD6816, Practice for determining low — Temperature performance grade (pg) of asphalt 
binders  
 
ASTMD7175, Test method for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a 
dynamic shear rheometer.  
 
ASTMD7553, Test method for solubility of asphalt materials in n -propyl bromide  
 
AASHTO  R 29, Grading or verifying the performance grade of an asphalt binder  
 
AASHTO M 320, Standard specification for performance graded asphalt binder  
 
 
3 Definitions and Abbreviations  
3.1 Definitions  
Definition of term specific to this East African Standard . 
 
3.1.1  binder 
an asphalt -based cement that is produced from petroleum residue either with or without the 
addition of modifiers.  
 
3.2 Abbreviation  
AASHTO : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials  
ASTM :      American Society for Testing and Materi als  
EN:           EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION (European standard)  
PG:           Performance grade  
 
 
4 Requirements  
4.1 Ordering Information  
4.1.1   The performance graded asphalt binder shall conform to the requirements prescribed in 
table 1 or table 2. Table 2 incorpo rates Practice ASTM D6816 for determining the critical low 
cracking temperature using a combination of test method ASTM D6648 and test method ASTM 
D6723 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is table 1.  
   DEAS 982 -5:2019  
3                                                                                               ©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved  
 4.1.2   When ordering under this specifica tion, include in the purchase order the performance 
grade (PG) of asphalt binder required and the table used (for example, PG 52 -16, table 1 or PG 
64-34, table 2). If no table is specified, the default is table 1.  
 
4.2 Materials and manufacture  
4.2.1   Asphalt binder  shall be prepared by the  refining of crude petroleum, by suitable 
methods, with or without the addition of modifiers.  
 
4.2.2   Modifiers may be any materials of suitable manufacture that are used in original/natural 
or recycled condition, and that are capable of  being dissolved, dispersed or reacted in asphalt 
binder with the objective of improving its performance.  
 
NOTE 1  — This specification is not intended to address the grading of asphalt binders 
containing particulate or fibrous materials larger than 250 µm in size.  
 
4.2.3   The asphalt binder shall be homogeneous, free from water and deleterious materials, and 
shall not foam when heated to 175 °C.  
 
4.2.4   The asphalt binder shall be at least 99.0 % soluble, as determined by test methods ASTM 
D2042, ASTM D7553, or ASTM D5 546. Any insoluble component shall be substantially free of 
fibers.  
 
4.2.5   The grades of asphalt binder shall conform to the requirements given in table 1 or table 
2.  
 
NOTE 2 — Conformance with all of the parameters of this specification is not a guarantee tha t 
the asphalt concrete mix made from these products will perform in the field. The end user of 
asphalt binders should assess the suitability of the binder to meet the performance 
requirements of the projects on which they will be used.  
 
  
©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved                                                                                                                                                       4 
 Table 1 — Perform ance graded asphalt binder specification  
 
 
Property  Performance grade designation  
Test Methods   
 PG 46  PG 52  PG 58  PG 64  PG 70  PG 76  PG 82   
 
34 40 46 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 10 16 22 28 34  
   
 Average 7 -day maximum  <46 <52 <58 <64 <70 <76 <82   
 Pavement Design           
 Temperature, °C           
 Minimum Pavement Design  > – 34 > – 40 > –46 > –10 > –16 > – 22 > – 28 > – 34 > –40 > –46 >–16 > – 22 > – 28 > –34 > –40 > –10 > –16 > – 22 > – 28 > –34 > –40 > –10 > –16 > – 22 > – 28 > –34 >–40 >–10 > –16 > – 22 > –28 > –34 > –10 > –16 > –22 > –28 > –34   
                                      
    
 Temperature,° C A                                        
  Original Binder   
 Flash Point Temp.    230   ASTM D92   
 min °C           
 Viscosity, B    135      
 max. 3 Pa·s,         ASTM D4402   
 Test Temp., °C           
 Dynamic Shear, C 46 52 58 64 70 76 82   
 G*/sinδ, min. 1.00 kPa         ASTM D7175   
 25 m m Plate, 1 mm Gap           
 Test Temp. at 10 rad/s, °C           
  Rolling Thin Film Oven (Test Method D2872)  
 Mass Change, max. percent  1.00  
 Dynamic Shear, D7175:  46 52 58 64 70 76 82   
 G*/sinδ, min. 2.20 kPa           
 25 mm Plate, 1 mm Gap         ASTM D7175   
 Test Temp. at 10 rad/s,°C           
 
 Pressure Aging Vessel Residue (Practice D6521)  
PAV Aging Temperature, °C D  
90 90 100 100 100 (110)  100 (110)  100 (110)    
 Dynamic Shear, D7175:  10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31 28   
 G*sinδ, max 5000 kPa                                         
 8 mm Plate, 2 mm Gap                                       ASTM D7175   
 Test Temp. at 10 rad/s, °C                                         
 Creep Stiffness, E –24 –30 –36 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30 –36 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 – 6 –12 -18 -24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24   
 S, max 300 MPa,                                         
 m-value; min. 0.300                                       ASTM D6648   
 Test Temp at 60 s, °C                                         
 Direct Tension, E –24 –30 –36 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30 –36 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24   
 Failure Strain, min. 1.0 %                                       ASTM D6723   
 Test Temp. at 1.0 mm/min.,                                         
 °C                                        
                                          
5                                                                                                          ©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved  
 NOTE 3  
 
APavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algor ithm 
contained in the LTPP Bind software program, or are provided by the specifying agency.  
 
BThe referee method shall be ASTM D4402 using a #21 spindle at 20RPM, however 
alternate methods may be used for routine testing and quality assurance. If the binde r is 
too stiff to test with the No. 21 Spindle, the No. 27 spindle shall be used. The spindle size 
and shear rate shall be reported. This requirement may be waived at the discretion of the 
specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately 
pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards.  
 
CFor quality control of unmodified asphalt cement production, measurement of the 
viscosity of the original asphalt cement may be substituted for dynamic shear 
measurements of G*/sinδ at test temperatures where the asphalt is a Newtonian fluid. 
Any suitable standard means of viscosity measurement may be used, including capillary 
viscometry (Test Methods ASTM D2170 or ASTM D2171) or rotational viscometry.  
 
DThe PAV aging temperature is based on simulated climatic conditions and is one of three 
temperatures 90 °C, 100 °C or 110 °C. Normally the PAV aging temperature is 100 °C for 
PG 58 –xx and above. However, in desert climates, the PAV aging temperature for PG 70 –
xx and above may be specified as 110 °C.  
 
EIf the creep stiffness is below 300 MPa, the direct tension test is not required. If the 
creep stiffness is between 300 and 600 MPa the direct tension failure strain requirement 
can be used in lieu of the creep stiffn ess requirement. The m -value requirement must be 
satisfied in both cases. If the creep stiffness and m -value data are unobtainable be -cause 
the binder is too soft at the test temperature, the asphalt binder will be deemed to pass at 
that grade temperature   if it meets the critical low cracking temperature requirements at 
the test temperature minus 6 °C.                                      . 
©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved                                                                                                                                                       6 
  
Table 2 — Performance graded asphalt binder specification  
 
Property  Performance grade designation  
Test 
Methods   PG 46 PG 52  PG 58  PG 64  PG 70  PG 76  PG 82  
 –34 –40 –46 –10 –16 – 22 –28 –34 –40 –46 –16 –22 –28 –34 –40 –10 –16 –22 –28 –34 – 40 –10 –16 –22 – 28 –34 –40 –10 –16 –22 –28 –34 –10 –16 –22 –28 –34 
 Average 7 -day maximum  <46 <52 <58 <64 <70 <76 <82  
 Pavement Design          
 Temperature, °C          
 Minimum Pavement Design  > –34 > –40 > –46 > –10 > –16 > –22 > –28 > –34 > –40 > –46 > –16 > –22 > –28 > –34 >–40 > –10 > –16 > –22 > –28 > –34 > –40 > –10 > –28 > –16 > –22 > –34 > –40 > –10 > –22 > –16 > –28 > –34 > –10 > –16 > –22 > –28 > –34  
 Temperature,° C  A                                       
  Original Binder  
 Flash Point Temp., min °C     230    ASTM D92  
 Viscosity  B,     135    ASTM D4402   
 max. 3 Pa·s,          
 Test Temp., °C          
 Dynami c Shear  C,  46 52 58 64 70 76 82  
 G*/sinδ, min. 1.00 kPa         ASTM D7175   
 25 mm Plate, 1 mm Gap          
 Test Temp. at 10 rad/s, °C          
  Rolling Thin Film Oven (Test Method D2872)  
 Mass Change, max. percent     1.00     
 Dynamic Shear,  46 52 58 64 70 76 82  
 G*/sinδ, min. 2.2 0 kPa         ASTM D7175  
 25 mm Plate, 1 mm Gap          
 
Test Temp. at 10 rad/s,°C          
 Pressure Aging Vessel Residue (Practice D6521)  
 PAV Aging Temperature, °C  D 90 90 100 100 100 (110)  100 (110)  100 (110)   
 Dynamic Shear,  10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19  
16 13  
31  
28  
25  
22  
19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19  
37  
34  
31  
28 25  
40  
37  
34  
31 28 ASTM D7175  
 G*sinδ, max 5000 kPa                      
                   
 8 mm Plate, 2 mm Gap                                        
 Test Temp. at 10 rad/s, °C                                        
 Critical Low Cracking  E –24 –30 –36 0 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30 –36 – 6 –12 –18 –24 –30  
 
 
0  
 
 
– 6  
 
 
–12  
 
 
–18  
 
 
–24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30  
 
 
0  
 
 
– 6  
 
 
–12  
 
 
–18 –24  
 
 
0  
 
 
– 6  
 
 
–12  
 
 
–18 –24 ASTM D6816   
 Temperature,                                        
 PASS                                        
 Test Temp  °C                                        
                                                                                           ©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved  
 NOTE 4  
 
APavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in 
the LTPP Bind software program, or are provided by the specifying agency.  
 
BThe referee method shall be ASTM D44 02 using a #21 spindle at 20RPM, however alternate 
methods may be used for routine testing and quality assurance. If the binder is too stiff to test 
with the No. 21 Spindle, the No. 27 spindle shall be used. The spindle size and shear rate shall 
be reporte d. This requirement may be waived at the discretion of the specifying agency if the 
supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures 
that meet all applicable safety standards.  
 
CFor quality control of unmodified asphalt cement production, measurement of the viscosity of 
the original asphalt cement may be substituted for dynamic shear measurements of G*/sinδ at 
test temperatures where the asphalt is a Newtonian fluid. Any suitable standard means of 
viscosity measur ement may be used, including capillary viscometry (Test Methods ASTM D2170 
or ASTM D2171) or rotational viscometry.  
 
DThe PAV aging temperature is based on simulated climatic conditions and is one of three 
temperatures 90 °C, 100 °C or 110 °C. Normally the  PAV aging temperature is 100 °C for PG 58 –
xx and above. However, in desert climates, the PAV aging temperature for PG 70 –xx and above 
may be specified as 110 °C.  
 
EFor verification of grade, at a minimum perform ASTM D6648 at the test temperature and at 
the test temperature minus 6°C, and ASTM D6723 at the test temperature. Testing at additional 
temperatures for D6648 may be necessary if 300 MPa is not bracketed at the initial two test 
temperatures. Compare the failure stress from ASTM D6723 to the calcula ted induced thermal 
stress as per ASTM D6816. If the failure stress exceeds the induced thermal stress, the asphalt 
binder is deemed a “PASS” at the specification temperature.  If the creep stiffness and m -value 
data are unobtainable because the binder is too soft at the test temperature, the asphalt binder 
will be deemed to pass at that grade temperature if it meets the critical low cracking temperature 
requirements at the test temperature minus 6°C.  
 
 
5 Sampling  
The material shall be sampled in accordance w ith the practice ASTM D140.  
 
 
6 Test methods  
The properties outlined in 4.2.3, 4.2.4 and 4.2.5 shall be determined in accordance with test 
Methods ASTM D92, ASTM D95, ASTM D2042, ASTM D2872, ASTM D4402, ASTM D5546, 
Practice ASTM D6521, Test Methods ASTM D664 8 and ASTM D6723, Practice ASTM D6816, 
and Test Methods ASTM D7553 or ASTM D7175.  
 
NOTE 5  — A number of relevant research studies have suggested that limits for the loss stiffness 
for the binder, G*sin δ, in the ASTM and AASHTO PG Binder Specification is, by itself, not a 
sufficient indicator of fatigue performance of an asphalt cement, or the asphalt concrete in 
asphalt pavement structures, or both.  
  
©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved                                                                                                8               
 NOTE 6  — Inspection and certification of the material shall be agreed upon between the 
purchaser and the su pplier. Specific requirements shall be made part of the purchase contract. 
The supplier shall provide material handling and storage procedures for each asphalt binder 
grade certified.  
 
NOTE7 — If the results of any test do not conform to the requ irements of this specification, 
retesting to determine conformity is performed as indicated in the purchase order or as 
otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.   
                                                                                           ©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
©EAC 201 9 – All rights reserved                                                                                                8