Import Health Standard  
Issued under the Biosecurity Act 1993   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fresh Grapefruit  (Citrus 
paradisi ) for Human 
Consumption  
GRAPEFRUIT -IHS.FP  
20 April 2022  
 Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
  20 April 2022  
Ministry for Primary Industries  Page  1 of 17 
TITLE  
Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption  
COMMENCEMEN T 
This Import Health Standard  comes into force on  date of signing .  
ISSUING AUTHORITY  
This Import Health Standard  is issued  under section 24A of the Biosecurity Act 1993.  
 
Dated at Wellington, 20 April 2022  
 
 
Peter Thomson  
Director, Animal and Plant Health  
Ministry for Primary Industries  
(acting under delegated authority of the Direc tor-General)  
 
For further information , contact:  
Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI ) 
Biosecurity New Zealand  
Animal and Plant Health  
PO Box 2526  
Wellington 6140  
 
Email: plantimports@mpi.govt.nz   
 Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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Contents  Page 
Introduction  3 
Part 1:  General Requirements  5 
1.1 Application  5 
1.2 Incorporation by reference  5 
1.3 Definitions  6 
1.4 General requirements for fresh grapefruit  6 
Part 2:  Specific Requirements  7 
2.1 Basic Measures  7 
2.2 Targeted Measures  7 
2.3 MPI-Specified Measures  8 
Part 3:  Inspection, Verification and Documentation Requirements  10 
3.1 Phytosanitary inspection  10 
3.2 Phytosanitary certifi cation  10 
3.3 Additional declarations  11 
Schedule 1: Definitions  12 
Schedule 2: Vector -transmitte d pathogens associated with pests of fresh  grapefruit  16 
Schedule 3: Phytosanitary treatments approved as MPI -Specified Measures f or pests of 
fresh  grapefruit  17 
 
 
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Introduction  
This introduction  is not part of the Import Health S tandard (IHS ) but is intended to indicate its general effect.  
Purpose  
An IHS specifies the requirements for importing risk goods into New Zealand. This IHS specifies the 
requirements that must be met when importing fresh grapefruit  fruit for human consumption into New Zealand . 
Background  
An IHS issued under the New Zealand Biosecurity Act  1993  (the Act) specifies the requirements to be met to 
effectively manage biosecurity risks associated with importing risk goods, including the risks from incidentally 
imported new  organisms. IHSs include measures that must be applied in the exporting country before the risk 
goods are exported. IHSs also include requirements that must be met by importers during importation, 
including while the risk goods are in transit to New Zealan d and held in a transitional facility . If a consignment 
meets the requirements of the IHS, biosecurity clearance may be given at an MPI inspector’s discretion u nder 
the Act . 
Post-clearance conditions may also be specified in an IHS . 
Who should read this?  
This IHS should be read by anyone involved in the process of importing fresh grapefruit  into New Zealand (or 
who has an interest in importing fresh  grapefruit ). 
Why is this important?  
It is the responsibility of the importer to ensure that risk goods (i.e. fresh  grapefruit ) comply with the 
requirements of the relevant IHS. Risk goods that do not comply with the requirements of an IHS may not be 
cleared for entry into New Zealand and may be directed for treatment, re shipment , destruction or f urther 
action deemed appropriate by a chief technical officer . The pathway may be suspended if certain types of 
viable regulated pests or weed seeds are intercepted on the consignment.  
Importers are liable  for all associated expenses .  
Equivalence  
A chief technical officer  may consider an application for an equivalent phytosanitary measure to be approved 
in accordance with section 27(1)(d)(iii) of the Act, different from that provided for in this IHS, to maintain at 
least the same level of protection as sured by the current mea sure(s).  
Equivalence will be considered with reference to the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures 
(ISPM ) 24. Guidelines for the determination and recognition  of equivalence of phytosanitary measures . Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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Ministry for Primary Industries  Page  4 of 17 
Document history  
 
This IHS replaces the following schedules in the IHS Importation and Clearance of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables 
into New Zealand:  
• Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi , Australia  
• Lime, Lemon, Grapefruit , Mandarin/ Tangerine, Tangelo, Pomelo, Citrus aurantiifolia , Citrus limon , 
Citrus paradisi , Citrus reticulata , Citrus paradisi  x Citrus reticulata , Citrus maxima , Egypt  
• Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi , Citrus paradisi x C. maxima , United States of America  
• Grapefruit, Citrus paradisi , Vanuatu  
This IHS replaces Import Health Standard Commodity Sub -class: Fresh Fruit/Vegetables Citrus, Citrus spp.  
from Vanuatu . 
 
Version Date  Section Changed  Change Description  
20 April  2022  All  New document  
 
Other information  
This is not an exhaustive list of compliance requirements , and it is the importer’s  responsibility to be familiar 
with and comply with all New Zealand laws.  
Guidance boxes are included within this IHS for explanatory purposes. The guidance incl uded in these boxes 
is for information only and has no legal effect.  
Within this IHS, terms printed in bold have the same meaning as th e meaning  set out in ISPM  5. Glossary of 
phytosanitary terms, the Act  or in this IHS (Schedule 1) . 
The import requiremen ts for other citrus species are stated in separate  commodity IHSs. Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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Part 1:  General Requirements  
1.1 Application  
(1) This import health standard ( IHS) applies to  fresh grapefruit  fruit (Citrus paradisi ) imported for human 
consumption (‘fresh  grapefruit ’). 
(2) Another scientific name  used  for Citrus paradisi  is Citrus hassaku . 
(3) A single unit for the purpose of this IHS is an individual fresh grapefruit  fruit.  
 
Guidance  
• The fruit may have the calyx attached but not the stem, leaves or other plant parts.  
• Hybrids between species can be imported but only when each species is an approved commodity, i.e. 
each species must have an IHS. The hybrid should meet the requirements specified in the IHS for each 
species in the hybrid. For example,  orangelo ( Citrus para disi × Citrus sinensis ) should meet the 
requirements specified in the standard  for grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ) and  the standard for  orange ( Citrus 
sinensis ). The exception to this is whe n specific hybrid species have been assessed and approved for 
import.  In such cases, the approved hybrid species will be listed in a n IHS.  
• Some  processed  fresh commodities (commercially manufactured and processed fruits and vegetables 
of specific commercial brands that have undergone pre -export assessment by the Ministry for Primary 
Industries (MPI)) can be found on the MPI website in “Processed” Fresh Commodities . These 
commodities are not considered risk goods and do not need to comply with the requirements of this IHS. 
To apply to have a processed fresh commodity assessed to be listed, contact 
PlantImports@mpi.govt.nz . 
• Frozen, cooked, pickled, pureed or dried commodities for human consumption are covered by  the IHS 
Stored Plant Products for Human Consumption .  
• Import requirements for trade samples for evaluation are covered by  the IHS Research samples 
(excluding animal samples) . 
• Import requirements for importing private consignments of fresh fruits and vegetables are covered by  
the IHS Personal Consignments of Products for Human Consumption and Personal Effects . 
 
1.2 Incorporation by reference  
(1) The following documents are incorporated by reference under section 142M of the New Zealand 
Biosecurity Act 1993 (the  Act): 
a) ISPM 4. Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas . IPPC, FAO ; Rome . 
b) ISPM 5. Glossary of phyto sanitary terms . IPPC, FAO ; Rome . 
c) ISPM 7. Phytosanitary certification system . IPPC, FAO ; Rome .  
d) ISPM 10. Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of production and pest free 
production sites . IPPC, FAO ; Rome .  
e) ISPM 12. Phytosanitary certificates . IPPC, FAO ; Rome .  
f) ISPM 14. The use of integrated measures in a systems approach for pest risk management . 
IPPC, FAO ; Rome .  
g) ISPM 23. Guidelines for inspection . IPPC, FAO ; Rome .  
h) ISPM 26. Establishment of pest free areas for frui t flies (Tephritidae ). IPPC, FAO ; Rome .  
i) ISPM 28. Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests.  IPPC, FAO ; Rome . 
j) ISPM 31. Methodologies for sampling of consignments . IPPC, FAO ; Rome .  
k) Official New Zealand Pest Register (ONZPR). MPI ; Wellington . 
l) MPI Schedule of Regulated (Quarantine ) Weed Seeds. MPI ; Wellington . Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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(2) Under section 142O(3) of the Act , it is declared that section 142O(1) does not apply, that is, a notice 
under section 142O(2) of the Act  is not required to be published before material that am ends or 
replaces any material incorporated by reference has legal effect as part of those documents.  
1.3 Definitions  
(1) Definitions are listed in Schedule 1.  
1.4 General  requirements for fresh grapefruit  
(1) Importers may only import fresh grapefruit  from a country where  the NPPO has provided evidence to 
the satisfaction of a chief technical officer  that the exporting country has a phytosanitary certification 
system that complies with ISPM 7. Phytosanitary cer tification system . The phytosanitary certification 
system (including programmes and standards) must demonstrate the process used to provide export 
assurance . 
(2) For commodities that have regulated pests that require Targeted  Measures  or MPI -Specified 
Measures , importers may only import those commodities from a country where a bilateral arrangement  
has been approved by a chief technical officer .  
(3) Consignments of fresh grapefruit  imported into New Zealand must:  
a) meet the specific requirements in Part 2 Specific Requirements ; 
b) be washed and brushed in the packhouse prior to export ; 
c) be considered to be free from contamination, regulated pests and other extraneous material ; 
d) be packaged in clean and either new or refurbished material;  
e) be secured in a manner to prevent contamination; and  
f) be accompanied by documentation that meets the requirements of Part 3  Inspection, Verification 
and Documentation Requirement s. 
 
Guidance  
• Coun tries that meet the requirements in 1.4 (1) and (2) and are approved to trade fresh grapefruit are 
listed in the online pest database . 
• Bilateral arrangemen ts are not publicly available  because  they are government -to-government 
documents . However , a summary can be provided on request.  
• There is a  list of pests associated with fresh grapefruit  in the online pest database . 
• The full list of regulated and non -regulated pests for New Zealand is in ONZPR . Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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Part 2:  Specific Requirements  
2.1 Basic Measures  
(1) Fresh grapefruit  must be sourced from a production system  that uses standard commercial production 
methods . 
2.2 Targeted Measures  
(1) The following pests  require Targeted Measures : 
a) Brevipalpus californicus  [V] 
b) Brevipal pus obovatus  [V] 
c) Brevipal pus phoenicis sensu lato  [V] 
d) Chaetanaphothrips orchidii  
e) Diaphorina citri  [V] 
f) Eotetranychus  lewisi  
g) Nipaecoccus  viridis  
h) Phyllosticta  citricarpa  
i) Planococcus  kraunhiae  
j) Planococcus  minor  
k) Scirtothrips  dorsalis  
l) Tetranychus  kanzawai  
m) Trioza  erytreae  [V] 
(2) At least one  of the following Targeted Measures  must be applied in relation to fresh grapefruit  to 
manage each of the pests listed in 2.2 (1) : 
a) Country freedom : A chief technical officer is satisfied that a country is free of the pest in 
accordance with ISPM 4 . Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas  or ISPM 8. 
Determination of pest status in an area . 
b) Pest-free area : The fresh grapefruit  is sourced from a pest -free area established in accordance 
with ISPM 4. Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas  or ISPM 8. Determination of 
pest status in an area . 
c) Pest-free place of production : The fresh grapefruit  is sourced from a pest -free place of production 
established in accordance with ISPM 10. Requirements for the establishm ent of pest free places 
of production and pest free production sites . 
d) Appropriate pest control activities : pest control activities are applied when/where appropriate in 
the production and/or post -harvest system for the effective management of a pest.  
e) Phytosanitary treatments : A phytosanitary treatment that is effective for managing a pest is 
applied prior to export or in transit to New Zealand. This includes treatments specified in relevant 
annexes of ISPM 28. Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pes ts. 
f) Systems approach : Different measures, at least two of which act independently, are integrated 
and have  a cumulative effect that is effective for managing the pest(s) in accordance with 
ISPM  14. The use of integrated measures in a systems  approach for p est risk management . 
 
Guidance  
• To manage the risk of introducing vector -transmitted pathogens to New Zealand, MPI regulates the 
entry of pests acting as vectors ( marked with  [V] in 2.2 (1)). On their own, vector pests may be managed 
by Targeted Measures or Basic Measures or they may be present in New Zealand and categorised as a 
non-regulated pest. However, if a vector -transmitted pathogen is present in the exporting country,  
additional measures may be required for vector pests on exports from that country.  
• Schedule 2 has a list of the pathogens transmitted by vectors and the vectors that transmit them.  Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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• The online pest database  has country -specific pest lists for each commodity. It also  lists the 
phytosanitary measure s that MPI and the NPPO of the exporting country have agreed on to manage 
each pest . 
2.3 MPI-Specified Measures  
(1) The following pests  require MPI-Specified Measures : 
a) Anastrepha fraterculus  
b) Anastrepha ludens  
c) Anastrepha obliqua  
d) Anastrepha serpentina  
e) Anastrepha suspensa  
f) Bactrocera aquilonis  
g) Bactrocera carambolae  
h) Bactrocera curvipennis  
i) Bactrocera dorsalis  
j) Bactrocera frauenfeldi  
k) Bactrocera jarvisi  
l) Bactrocera kirki  
m) Bactrocera kraussi  
n) Bactrocera melanotus  
o) Bactrocera melas  
p) Bactrocera minax  
q) Bactrocera neohumeralis  
r) Bactrocera passiflorae  
s) Bactrocera psidii  
t) Bactrocera trilineola  
u) Bactrocera trivialis  
v) Bactrocera tryo ni 
w) Bactrocera xanthodes  
x) Bactrocera tsuneonis  
y) Bactrocera zonata  
z) Ceratitis capitata  
aa) Zeugodacus tau  
(2) At least one of the following MPI-Specified Measures  must be applied in relation to fresh grapefruit  to 
manage each of the pests listed  in 2.3 (1):  
a) Country freedom : A chief technical officer is satisfied that a country is free of the pest in 
accordance with ISPM 4. Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas  or ISPM 8. 
Determination of pest sta tus in an area . 
b) Pest-free area : The fresh grapefruit  is sourced from a pest -free area established in accordance 
with ISPM 4. Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas or ISPM 26.  Establishment of 
pest free areas for fruit flies  (Tephritidae) . 
c) Phytosanitary treatments : A phytosanitary treatment is applied prior to export or in transit to New 
Zealand. The treatment must be in accordance with a treatment specified in a relevant annex of  
ISPM 28. Phytosanitary treatments for regulated pests or any other treatment specified in 
Schedule 3.  
d) Systems approach : Different measures, at least two of which act independently, are integrated 
and have  a cumulative effect that is effective for managing the pest(s) in accordance with 
ISPM  14. The use of integrated measures in a systems approach for pest risk management  and 
ISPM 35. Systems approach for pest risk management of fruit flies (Tephritidae ). 
 Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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Guidance  
• The online pest database  has country -specific pest lists for each commodity. It also  lists the 
phytosanitary measure s that  MPI and the NPPO of the  exporting country  have agreed on  to manage 
each pes t. Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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Part 3:  Inspection, Verification and Documentation 
Requirements  
3.1 Phytosanitary inspection  
(1) The NPPO of the exporting country must:  
a) sample each homogeneous grower lot of fresh  grapefruit . The minimum sample size for 
inspection must be based on a 95% confidence level that no more than 0.5% of the units in the 
lot are infested as set out in ISPM 31. Methodologies for sampling of consignments  Appendix 2;  
b) visually inspect each sample unit acc ording to official phytosanitary procedures in accordance 
with ISPM 23. Guidelines for inspection ; 
c) verify that the requirements of Part 1 General  Requirements have been met  and verify that the 
phytosanitary measures in Part 2 Specific Requirements have bee n applied ;  
d) reconcile that the number of packages presented for inspection is consistent with documentation;  
e) verify that traceability labelling is complete; and  
f) verify that phytosanitary security is maintained for the consignment.  
(2) The NPPO must contact MPI  to establish the regulatory status of any pests not listed in ONZPR  and 
found during an inspection . 
3.2 Phytosanitary certification  
(1) Each consignment must meet the requirements set out in Part 3.1 Phytosanitary inspection and be 
accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by the NPPO in accordance with ISPM 12 . 
Phytosanitary ce rtificates . 
(2) The phytosanitary certificate must include the following where applicable : 
a) Sufficient detail to enable identification of the consignment and its component parts. Information 
must include country/place of origin . 
b) The scientific name of fresh  grapefruit , Citrus paradisi , or the other used nam e, Citrus hassaku . 
c) Full details of any phytosanitary treatments applied to fresh grapefruit  in the “Disinfestation 
and/or Disinfection Treatment” section  of the phytosanitary certificate or as an NPPO -endorsed 
attachment to the phytosanitary certificate. All details of the treatment applied must be recorded, 
e.g. minimum irradiation dose, duration and temperature, chemical (active ingredient) and 
concentration.  
d) The following certifying statement , or a variation that is compliant with ISPM 12. Phytosanitary 
certificates  and has been approved by a  chief technical officer : 
i) “This is to certify that the plants, plant products or other regulated articles described herein 
have been inspected and/or tested according to appropriate official procedures and are 
conside red to be free from the quarantine pests specified by the importing contracting 
party and to conform with the current phytosanitary requirements of the importing 
contracting party, including those for regulated non -quarantine pests .” 
e) Any additional declara tion specified in Part 3.3 Additional declarations . 
(3) When the consignment is treated in transit:  
a) the phytosanitary certificate must state “Treated in transit” in the “Disinfestation and/or 
Disinfection Treatment” section  of the phytosanitary certificate ; and  
b) the importer must provide evidence of the in -transit treatment record (including temperature a nd 
duration).  Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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(4) If a consignment of fresh grapefruit  is opened, split up or has its packaging changed before  it arrives in 
New Zealand, a phytosanitary certificate for re -export is required from the transiting country, in 
accordance with ISPM 12. Phytosanit ary certificates , and must accompany each consignment . 
 
Guidance  
• If the phytosanitary requirements are not met, a phytosanitary certificate should not be issued. The 
bilateral arrangement may list remedial actions that can be taken  for different  problems . Exporting 
countries may apply a remedial action to remove a viable regulated pest or contamination from a 
consignment prior to certification. The details of the remedial action do not need to be recorded on the 
phytosanitary certificate unless re cording these details has been specified in the bilateral arrangement.  
3.3 Additional declarations  
(1) If there is a pest listed in 2.2 (1) or 2.3 (1) where a country does not have country freedom from the 
pest (2.2 (2) a) or 2.3 (2) a)), the phytosanitary certificate must contain the following additional 
declaration:  
a) “This consignment was produced and prepar ed for export in accordance with the agreed bilateral 
arrangement.”  
(2) The phytosanitary certificate must contain the following additional declaration for each pest listed in 2.3 
(1) where the country does not have country freedom from the pest(s):  
a) “This cons ignment [insert name of approved measure from bilateral arrangement] for [name of 
pest].”  
(3) The additional declaration required under 3.3 (2) a) must be repeated for each pest listed in 2.3 (1) and 
its approved measure as outlined in the bilateral arrangemen t. 
 
Guidance  
• Some e xamples of the additional declaration mentioned  in 3.3 (2) a) are “This consignment was sourced 
from a pest -free area  for Bactrocera dorsalis ,” and “This consignment was cold -treated for Bactrocera 
dorsalis .” 
 
 
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Schedule  1: Definitions  
Derived forms of terms defined in  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  or the New Zealand Biosecurity 
Act 1993  (for example inspect  from inspection ) are considered to have the same meaning as the defined term.  
additional declaration  
Definition as per ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
arrive in New Zealand  
Definition as per the Act  
bilateral arrangement  
An export plan, bilateral quarantine arrangement or official assurance programme, negotiated between MPI 
and the NPPO  of an exp orting country, that details how the exporting country will meet the import  
requirements (Targeted Measures and/or MPI -Specified Measures) for New Zealand  
biosecurity clearance (including clearance/cleared ) 
Definition as per the Act  
chief technical officer  (CTO)  
Definition as per the Act  
commercial production  
A process (system) where activities, such as in -field monitoring,  general  pest control activities, harvesting, 
cleaning, sorting, and grading have been undertaken. These activities are carried out to minimise:  
a) the presence of regulated pests; and  
b) damage which may be a result of the presence of a regulated pest or could expose t he 
commodity to regulated pests . 
commodity  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
consignment  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
contamination  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
entry (of a consignment ) 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary term s 
entry (of a pest) 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
equivalence  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
extraneous material  
Any plant material that is not part of the commodity  description  
FAO  
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  
free from (of a consignment, field or place of production ) 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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fresh  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
fruits and vegetables  
Fresh parts of plants  intended for consumption or processing and not for planting  
import  
Definition as per the Act  
import health standard (IHS)  
Definition as per the Act  
importation  
Definition as per the Act  
importer  
Definition as per the Act  
in transit  
Refers to risk goods (consignments) in the process of being shipped to New Zealand, for example risk goods 
in sea containers on board a vessel (these risk goods or consignments may hav e treatments applied while the 
risk goods are en route to New Zealand ) 
incidentally imported new organism  
Definition as per the Act  
infestation  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
inspection  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phyto sanitary terms  
inspector  
Definition as per the Act  
interception (of a pest) 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
IPPC  
International Plant Protection Convention  
irradiation  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
ISPM  
International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures, available from:  https://www.ippc.int/en/core -
activities/standards -setting/ispms/   
lot 
Definition as  per ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
national plant protection organisation  (NPPO ) 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
non-regulated pest  
A pest identified as non -regulated in ONZPR  Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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official  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
Official New Zealand Pest Register (ONZPR ) 
The searchable database of pests regulated in New Zealand, including general information about each pest  
as well as specific details for importers and exporters, available at https://pierpestregister.mpi.govt.nz/  
online pest database  
ePest, t he database that gives users a list of pests  and associated phytosanitary measures specific to a 
commodity  from a specific country, available  at https://www.mpi.govt.nz/import/food/fresh -fruit-
vegetables/requirements/epest/   
organism  
Definition  as per the Act  
packaging  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
pathogen  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
pathway  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
pest 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
pest control activities  
Activities  (such as cultural, chemical, biological, physical and behavioural) for the purpose of pest control 
including phytosanitary measures such as pest -free area or phytosanitary treatment  
pest-free area  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
pest-free place of production  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
phytosanitary certificate  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
phytosanitary certification  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
phytosanitary measure  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
phytosanitary procedure  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
phytosanitary security  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of p hytosanitary terms  
place of production  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
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Ministry for Primary Industries  Page  15 of 17 
plants  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
production system  
The procedures and arrangements for growing, harvesting, packing, and treatment, which include all functions 
required to produce fresh fruits and vegetables  for export  
quarantine  
Definition as per ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
re-export (consignm ent) 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
regulated pest  
A pest identified as a regulated pest in ONZPR  
risk goods  
Definition  as per the Act  
systems approach  
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms .  
transitional facility  
Definition  as per the Act  
treatment (including treated ) 
Definition as per  ISPM  5. Glossary of phytosanitary terms  
vector  
An organism which can carry or harbour another organism capable of causing harm to human, animal , or 
plant health , or the environment in New Zealand   
vector -transmitted pathogen  
A disease -causing regulated pest that is able to enter New Zealand via a vector associated with an imported 
commodity   
viable  (regulated pest ) 
Any regulated pest that is capable of reproduction and development, including insects, plants, seeds and 
other organisms  
weed seeds  
Species on the MPI Schedule of Regulated (Quarantine) Weed Seeds , available at 
https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/7111/direct   Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
  20 April 2022  
Ministry for Primary Industries  Page  16 of 17 
Schedule 2: Vector -transmitted pathogens associated with 
pests of fresh  grapefruit  
Pests requiring Targeted Measures  on exports from countries where associated vector -transmitted 
pathogens are present  
Pests acting as vectors  Associated vector -transmitted pathogens  
Brevipalpus californicus  
Brevipal pus obovatus  
Brevipal pus phoenic is sensu lato  Citrus leprosis viruses  
Diaphorina citri  
Trioza erytreae  Causative agents of huanglongbing disease:  
Candidatus  Liberibacter species  
  Import Health Standard : Fresh Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) for Human Consumption   
  20 April 2022  
Ministry for Primary Industries  Page  17 of 17 
Schedule 3: Phytosanitary treatments approved as MPI -
Specified Measures for pests of fresh  grapefruit  
Cold treatments  
Pest  Maximum fruit core temperature kept at  
Anastrepha fraterculus  
Anastrepha obliqua  
Anastrepha serpentina  1.11 °C or below for 15 continuous days  
OR 
1.67 °C or below for 17 continuous days  
Anastrepha ludens  0.56 °C or below for 18 continuous days  
OR 
1.11 °C or below for 20 continuous days  
OR 
1.67 °C or below for 22 con tinuous days  
Anastrepha suspensa  1.67 °C or below for 1 4 continuous days  
Bactrocera aquilonis  
Bactrocera frauenfeldi  
Bactrocera jarvisi  
Bactrocera kraussi  
Bactrocera melas  
Bactrocera neohumeralis  
Bactrocera trivialis  1 °C or below for 16 continuous days  
Bactrocera dorsalis  1.7 °C or below for 15 continuous days  
Bactrocera tryoni  3 °C or below for 14 continuous days  
Bactrocera zonata  1.7 °C or below for 1 8 continuous days  
Ceratitis capitata  1.11 °C or below for 14 continuous days  
OR 
1.67 °C or below for 16 continuous days  
OR 
2.22 °C or below for 18 continuous days  
OR 
3 °C or below for 20 continuous days  
Irradiation treatments  
Pest  Minimum absorbed dose to prevent the 
emergence of adults of the pest  
Anastrepha ludens  70 Gy  
Anastrepha obliqua  70 Gy  
Anastrepha serpentina  100 G y 
Bactrocera jarvisi  100 Gy  
Bactrocera tryoni  100 Gy  
Ceratitis capitata  100 Gy  
Fruit flies of the family  Tephritidae  150 Gy