RESTRICTED  
  
S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
26 July 2022 
(22-5628) Page: 1/20 
Committee on Specific Commitments    
 
 
COMPILATION OF CONDITIONAL COMMITMENTS IN GATS SCHEDULES  
NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT1 
Revision  
This compilation  encompasses the conditional commitments in the Schedules of Specific 
Commitments under the GATS. As indicated previously, for the purpose of this Note, conditional 
commitments refer to those entries which contain certain conditions attached to the  entry into force , 
implementation , or updating of specific commitments.  Most of the conditions are related to a 
domesti c process. In addition, as requested, information  related to the implementation of conditional 
commitments are also included, subject to the availability of information.  
 
This Revision has incorporated the updates (in bold) on the implementation of condit ional 
commitments provided since June 2022 by Mauritius . Members are invited to continue to verify and 
complement the information related to the implementation of conditional commitments.  
 
As noted previously, t his document  is to serve transparency purposes only and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO .  
 
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.   
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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Albania  
GATS/SC/131  7.B Banking  and 
other financial 
services  
 
(f) -Derivative  
products  
including but not 
limited to 
futures and 
options  
- exchange rate 
and interest rate 
instruments, 
including such 
as swaps, 
forward rate  
arrangement, 
etc. 
- transferable 
securities  
- other 
negotiable 
instruments and 
financial assets, 
including bullion  Additional 
commitments  Albania will afford market access on a national 
treatment bases to foreign financial services 
suppliers upon the occurrence of the earlier of 
either of the following events: the 
establ ishment of a prudential regulation with 
respect to the activities in question, or the 
actual appearance of such activities, with 
official authorization or acquiescence, in the 
domestic market.  Albania reinforced its legislation in order to incorporate the Basel 
Committee's prudential principles, the Financial Action Task Force on 
Money Laundering's anti -money laundering recommendations and the EU 
acquis.  
(Para. 30 of WT/TPR/S/337/Rev.1 of 1 August 2016)  
 
The licensing process of a stock exchange is determined in Articles 78, 79 
and 80 of Law No. 9879, dated 21 February 2008, "On securities".  
 
Securities dealers : Any company who wants to carry out transactions with 
securities must be established as a joint -stock company incorporated in 
the Republic of Albania. Foreign securities dealers only through an agent 
established in Albania (the agent does not need to have the Albanian 
nationality nor to be a physical person) or through a subsidiary (Decision 
No. 55 of the AFSA  Board of 30 March 2011, amended by Decision No. 
123 of 25 November 2013).  
 
Asset managers : Assets managers are regulated by Law No. 10198, of 
10 December 2009, "On collective investment undertakings".  Same 
treatment of foreign asset managers as  Albanian nationals.  
 
Stock exchange : For the time being, there are no companies listed in 
Albania, although the legal possibility to do so exists through the Law 
"On securities" (Articles 78, 79 and 80 of Law No. 9879, dated 21 
February 2008 ). In accorda nce with Article 3 of Regulation No. 120, 
dated  2 October 2008, "On the licensing and supervision of the securities 
exchange", the shares of a company operating as a stock exchange in 
the territory of Albania may also be owned by a foreign stock exchange. 
Owners of the stock exchange shall be legal persons established in 
Albania or in a country of the EU or the OECD.  
(Box 4.6 of WT/TPR/S/337/Rev.1  of 1 August 2016)  
 
Portfolio management services (81323) : 
Decision N° 72 of the Supervisory Council of the Bank  of Albania, dated 2 
June 1999, concerns  the calculation of the Regulatory Capital to cover 
market risks  which  shall mean the risk of loss for on and off balance sheet 
positions as a result of changes in prices of financial markets.   
 
(Notification by Albania under GATS Article III:3, S/C/N/404)  
  
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Albania  
(Cont 'd)  (g) - 
participation in 
issues of all 
kinds of 
securities, 
including 
underwriting 
and placement 
as agent 
(whether 
publicly or 
privately) and 
provision of 
service related 
to such issues  
(8132)  
 
(h) Money 
broking 
(81339)  
 
(i) Asset 
management, 
such as cash or 
portfolio 
management, 
pension fund 
management , 
custodial and 
trust services.    All types of services related to banking :  
Decision N° 71 of the Supervisory Council of the Bank of Albania, dated 11 
September 2002, amends the  Regulation "on granting a license to conduct 
banking activity in the Republic of Albania" . 
(Notification by Albania under GATS Article III:3, S/C/N/406)  
 
Intermediation services n. e. c. (81199); Financial consultancy services 
(81332); Other services auxiliary to financial intermediation (81339) :  
Decision N° 96 of the Supervisory Council of the Bank of Albania, dated 26 
November 2003, specifies the terms, conditions and procedures for the 
granting of a license to non-bank financial subjects to conduct activities . 
(Notification by Albania under GATS Article III:3, S/C/N/408)  
 
Intermediation services n.e.c (81199); Other services auxiliary to financial 
interm ediation n.e.c (81339) : 
Decision No. 25 of the Supervisory Council of the Bank of Albania, dated 
29 March 2000, establish es the conditions for the foundation, the 
exercising of banking activities, licensing and supervision of cooperative 
banks by the Bank of Albania, as well as the characteristics of these banks.  
(Notification by Albania under GATS Article III:3, S/C/N/429)  
 
Other services auxiliary to financial intermediation n.e.c. (81339) :  
Decision No. 58 of the Supervisory Council of the Bank of Albania, dated 
24 July 2002 , permits t he banks licensed from the Bank of Albania to 
conduct banking activit ies linked with precious metal.  
(Notification by Albania under GATS Article III:3, S/C/N/438)  
 
Albania introduced a number of measures falling under the prudential 
regulation on banking services.  
 
(See notifications by Albania under GATS Article III:3, S/C/N/401; 
S/C/N/409 -411; S/C/427 -428; S/C/N/432)  
 
Armenia  
GATS/SC/137  2.B Courier 
Services  
2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
2.D Audiovisual  
Services  Additional 
Commitments  If, e.g. based on an international financial 
project, any condition relating to market 
access or national treatment is altered and 
results in a more liberal access, Armenia will 
modify its commitments under this Schedule 
and incorporate the new conditions 
immediately.  Courier and other express postal services are liberalized, and there are 
no restrictions on the participation of foreign investors.  
 
(Para. 78 of WT/TPR/S/228/Rev.1 of 22 April 2010)  
 
Armenia's exist ing legal framework in telecommunication is more liberal 
than its GATS commitments . The telecom munications  market was fully 
liberalized in 2007  with the elimination  of all monopoly rights of 
ArmenTel . There are no restrictions on the participation of foreign 
investors in Armenia's telecom sector.  
 
(Para s. 44, 65 and 71 of WT/TPR/S/228/Rev.1  of 22 April 2010)  
  
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Bangladesh  
GATS/SC/8/Suppl.1  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
 Additional 
Commitments  The creation of regulatory disciplines is under 
review.  If the outcome of this review permits 
then additional commitments on regulatory 
disciplines will be attached before 1 January 
1998.  Strategic policies for developing a digital Bangladesh and providing 
affordable telecommunicati on services led to institutional and regulatory 
developments involving the creation of the Ministry of Posts, 
Telecommunications and Information Technology in 2014, and the 
issuance of directives on services  and tariffs. The telecoms sector has 
emerged as a very competitive mobile telephone market with significant 
foreign participation.  
 
(Para. 23 of WT/TPR/S/385/Rev.1  of 21 May 2019; Para. 68 of 
WT/TPR/S/270/Rev.1  of 26 November 2012 )  
 
Brazil  
GATS/SC/13/Suppl.3/R
ev.1 7.A All insurance 
and 
insurance -
related 
services  
- Work accident 
insurance  
 Additional 
Commitments  Brazil will undertake commitments regarding 
commercial presence in the work accident 
insurance market within two years after the 
adoption by the National Congress of 
legislation regulating such presence.  
 The National Social Security Institute (INSS) is the sole  
authorized supplier of work accident insurance. The only activity 
monopolized by law is worker's compensation insurance, which is 
provided  by the INSS, administered by the Government.  
 
(Para. 131 of WT/TPR/S/75 of 27 September  2000) 
 
No legislation has been adopted by the National Congress of Brazil in 
relation to work accident insurance services.  
 
(Statement by Brazil at the meeting of 29 June 2021. Para. 1.8 of 
S/CSC/M/86)  
 
 7.B.1) Services 
provided by 
financial 
institutions  
  For factoring services, national treatment shall 
be granted in commercial presence, if these 
services are defined as financial services in 
future legislation adopted by the National 
Congress.  
 No legislation has been adopted by the National Congress of Brazil in 
relation to services provided by financial institutions for factoring 
services.  
 
(Statement by Brazil at the meeting of 29 June 2021. Para. 1. 8 of 
S/CSC/M/86 ) 
  
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Brunei Darussalam  
GATS/SC/95/Suppl.1  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
- Local Public 
switched  voice 
telephone 
services  
 
- International 
Public switched 
voice telephone  
services  
 
- Public  cellular 
mobile 
telephone 
service  
 Additional 
Commitments  The period of exclusivity for local public 
switched voice telephone services will be 
extended for up to 10  years after privatisation 
of JTB. The government will conduct a review of 
policy with respect to whether to permit 
additional suppliers of such services upon the 
expiry of this period.  
 
The period of exclusi vity for the two operators 
expires in year 2010. The government will 
conduct a review of policy with respect to 
whether to permit additional suppliers of such 
services upon the expiry of this period.  
 
Issuance of a licence to provide public cellular 
mobile  telephone services employing other 
than AMPS and GSM technologies will be 
considered by the government in year 2010 if 
public interest and economic conditions justify 
the issuance of such licence.  
 The Telecommunications Order 2001 confers upon Authority for Info -
communications Technology Industry ( AITI) the exclusive privilege to 
operate and provide telecommunication systems and services in Brunei 
and allows AITI to issue licences to operators and to manage the radio 
communications spectrum .  
 
Under the T elecommunication Successor Company Order 2001, JTB was 
transformed into Telekom Brunei (TelBru), a state -owned company 
registered under the Companies Act . Telekom Brunei (TelBru)  continues 
to be the only operator in the fixed -line market.  
 
Competition in Brunei's mobile telephony market was introduced in 2005. 
Nonetheless, there are only two mobile operators .  
 
(Paras. 4.100, 4.101 and 4.102 of WT/TPR/S/309/Rev.1  of 7 April 2015)  
 
Cambodia  
GATS/SC/140  
 7. FINANCIAL 
SERVICES  
- Banking and 
other financial 
services  Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  
 Unbound for subsectors (f) – (l), until the 
Government of Cambodia determines what 
types of entities can conduct these services, 
the related laws and regulation are 
established, and such business is a uthorized 
by the government or other relevant 
designated authority.  
 Since 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Cambodia 
(SECC) has assisted the Government on the strategic and regulatory 
aspects of the securities market in Cambodia as well as o n the licensing 
of all relevant securities -related operators, including the securities 
market operator, securities depository, clearance and settlement of 
facility operators, underwriters, dealers, brokers, investment advisors, 
securities representatives, investment advisory representatives, 
securities -specialized accounting firms, cash settlement agents, 
securities registrars, securities transfer agents and paying agents.  
 
Since 2011, the Cambodian Stock Exchange (CSX), a joint venture 
between the Government of Cambodia and Korea Exchange (KRX), has 
offered increased access to the equity capital markets in Cambodia.   
  
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Cambodia  
(Cont 'd)  
    The main legislations  include : the Law on the Issuance and Trading of 
Non-Government Securities, dated 19 October 2007 (Securities Law) 
and its implementing Sub -decree No. 54, dated 8 April 2009 (Securities 
Sub-decree); implementing regulations issued by the SECC; and the Law 
on Govern ment Securities, dated 10 January 2007 (Government 
Securities Law).   
 
(Paras. 4.80, 4.81 and 4.83 of WT/TPR/S/364/Rev.2  of 27 March 2018)  
 
Egypt  
GATS/SC/30/Suppl.3  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
 Footnote  Continuation of ENT beyond 31/12/2005 shall 
be subject to consultations between Egypt and 
WTO Members, taking into consideration 
progress of the CTS discussions on ENT.  The license guidelines state that the National Telecommunication 
Regulatory Authority (NTRA)  shall examine the application from the 
technical, financial and economic aspects.  
 
(The Rules & Conditions Of The Award Of Licence  To Establish Telecom 
Networks and Provide  Telecom Services  
In A.R.E ) 
 
European Union  
GATS/SC/157  
 7. FINANCIAL 
SERVICES  
 Headnote  
(first part)  
 Hungary:  
- Legislation permitting market access of 
branches is currently being prepared. Details 
and conditions to apply are still being 
determined. It is intended to bind the effects 
of this legislation as soon as it has been 
adopted.  
 Hungary:  
Foreign branches are  allowed in the financial services sector. For 
insurance services, t he central branch office (branch capital) must be 
located in Hungary.  
 
Please refer to  Article 4(1) of Act CCXXXVII of 2013 on credit institutions 
and financial enterprises ; Article  48 in conjunction with  6(1) of Act 
LXXXVIII of 2014 on Insurance Activities ; Articles 162 -175 of Directive 
2009/138/EC of 25 November 2009 Solvency II .  
 
(Retrieved from the Services Trade Policy Database of I-TIP Services , 
based on  the OECD STRI regulatory database ) 
(Confirmed by the statement of the European Union at the meeting of 
29 June 2021. Para. 1.6 of S/CSC/ M/86).  
  
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European Union 
(Cont'd)  
 7.A Insurance  
and Insurance -
Related Services  
(second part)  
 Limitations on 
market access 
Mode 2  
 Slovenia:  
Reinsurance and retrocession  
Reinsurance companies in the Republic of 
Slovenia have priority in the collection of 
insurance premiums.  
In case that these companies are not able to 
equalise all risks, these can be reinsured and 
retroceded abroad. (None upon the adoption 
of the new law on Insurance Companies).  
 Slovenia (Reinsurance and retrocession):  
There are no limits on foreign participation in the reinsurance sector. 
There are no restrictions on the establishment of foreign branches.  
Please refer to Articles 21, 137 -139 of Insurance Act (Official Gazette of 
RS, no. 93/2015 ); , 9/2019 and 102/2020; Articles 162 -175 of Directive 
2009/138/EC of 25 November 2009 Solvency  II. 
(Retrieved from the Services Trade Policy Database of I -TIP Servi ces, 
based on the OECD  STRI regulatory database ) 
 
  Limitations on 
market access 
Mode 3  
 Reinsurance and retrocession Foreign 
participation in reinsurance company is limited 
up to a controlling share of the capital. (None, 
except for branches, upon the adoption of the 
new law on Insurance Companies)  
 According to the Insurance Act and the legislation implementing the EU 
Directive on Solvency II, there are no longer limits on foreign 
participation in the reinsurance sector. Nor are there any restrictions on 
the establishment of foreign branches.  
 
(The statement of the European Union at the meeting of 29  June 2021. 
Para. 1.6 of S/CSC/M/86.)  
 
 7.B Banking and 
other 
financial 
services 
(excluding 
insurance)  
(second part)  Limitations on 
market access  
Modes 1&2  
 Slovenia:  
- Unbound except accepting credits 
(borrowing of all types) and accepting 
guarantees and commitments from foreign 
credit institutions by domestic legal entities 
and sole proprietors. (Remark: consumer 
credits shall be free upon the ad option of the 
new Foreign Exchange Law).  
- All above mentioned credit arrangements 
must be registered with the Bank of Slovenia. 
(Remark: this provision shall be abolished 
upon the adoption of the new Law on 
Banking.)  
 Slovenia (Banking and other financial services):  
The Foreign Exchange Law had freed up consumer credits and, according 
to the Banking Act, credit arrangements no longer needed to be 
registered with the Bank of Slovenia.  
 
(The statement of the European Union at the meeting of 29  June 2021. 
Para. 1.6 of S/CSC/M/86.)   
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European Union 
(Cont'd)  
  Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  
 Slovenia:  
- Foreign persons may become shareholders 
of banks or acquire additional shares of banks 
only subject to prior approval of the Bank of 
Slovenia. (Remark: this provision shall be 
abolished upon the adoption of the new Law 
on Banking.)  
 
 - When considering issuing a licence to a bank 
to set up as a wholly -owned or with a majority 
of foreign investors or approva l of acquiring 
additional shares of banks; the Bank of 
Slovenia shall take into account the following 
guidelines:  
 - the existence of investors from 
different countries;  
 - the opinion of the foreign institution 
in change of banking supervision.   
 Any person intending to acquire bank shares in order to achieve or 
exceed a qualifying holding shall obtain authorisation from the Bank of 
Slovenia prior to acquiring such a holding in a bank.  
 
(Articles 66 -82 of Banking Act, Official Gazette of RS, No. 92/21)  
 
The provision of banking services is subject to authorisation as laid out 
in Articles 113 to 120 of the Banking Act. In connection with the 
assessment of a request to issue authorisation to provide banking 
services, the Bank of Slovenia shall obtain the opinion of the supervisory 
authority of a Member State, primarily with regard to circumstances that 
are important for the assessment of the suitability of holders of qualifying 
holdings, and the assessment of the reputatio n and experience of 
members of the bank's governance bodies who participate in the 
management of other companies within a group that are deemed 
important.  
 
(Articles 113-120 of Banking Act, Official Gazette of RS, no. 91/21 ) 
 
   (Remark: this provision shall be abolished on 
the adoption of the new Law on Banking.)  
Original footnote : Besides the amount of the 
capital the Bank of Slovenia shall, when 
considering issuing an unlimited or a limited 
banking licence also take into account the 
followin g guidelines (for both domestic and 
foreign applicants)  
-   the national -economic preferences 
for certain banking activities;  
-   the existing regional coverage of the 
Republic of Slovenia by banks;  
-   the actual bank's performance of 
activities compared to those   
stipulated by the existing licence.  
(Remark:  this provision shall be abolished 
upon the adoption of the new Law on 
Banking.)  
 The Banking Act laid down a non -discriminatory measure specifying that 
the provision of banking services was subject to the authorisation from 
the Bank of Slovenia. Third country branches are allowed in Slovenia.  
 
(The statement of the European Union at t he meeting of 29  June 2021. 
Para. 1.6 of S/CSC/M/86.)   
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European Union  
(Cont'd)    - Branches of foreign banks must be 
incorporated in the Republic of Slovenia and 
have legal personality.  
(Remark: this provision shall be abolished 
upon the adoption of the new Law on 
Banking.)  
 According to the Directive 2013/36/EU, the conditions for the 
authorisation of a foreign credit institution cannot give rise to a more 
favourable treatment than the one from which benefit the remaining 
credit institutions. This im plies that third country branches are 
authorised.  
 
The Bank of Slovenia may make the issuing of the authorisation 
conditional to establish a branch by a third -country bank by requiring 
that the parent bank deposits a certain amount of money or other 
approp riate financial asset in the Republic of Slovenia, or submits 
another appropriate insurance as a guarantee for the settlement of 
liabilities arising from transactions concluded in the Republic of Slovenia.  
 
Please refer to Articles 35, 36 and 47 of Directive 2013/36/EU of the 
European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on access to 
the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit 
institutions and investment firms; Articl es 136-139 of Banking Act 
(Official Gazette of RS, no. 92/21 ).  
 
(Retrieved from the Services Trade Policy Database of I -TIP Services, 
based on the OECD STRI regulatory database)  
 
   Foreign persons may become shareholders or 
partners in a Stock Broking Company up to 
24% of the capital of the Stock Broking 
Company by prior approval of the Securities 
Market Agency. (Remark: this provision shall 
be abolished upon the adoption of the new Law 
on Securities Market.)  
   
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Ghana  
GATS/SC/35/Suppl.1  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
(a) Voice 
telephone 
services 
(7521)  
(g) Private 
leased 
circuit 
service 
(7522**, 
7523**) 
 Additional 
Commitments  The duopoly operators are granted exclusivity 
for a period of five years. At the expiration of 
this period, the Government will conduct a 
review of its policy to determine whether to 
license additional suppliers of such services.  The National Communications Regulations of 2003 constitute the 
regulatory framework for the telecom sub -sector. The main objectives of 
the National Telecommunications Policy, published in 2004, were to 
achieve fully open, private, and competitive markets for all telecom 
services.  
 
Ghana's commitments regarding the telecommunication sector under 
the GATS were li mited by the duopoly arrangements that prevailed at 
the time. In fact, Ghana's current market access and national treatment 
conditions are very favourable to foreigners, and most of the companies 
operating are foreign -owned. Specifically, most of the limit ations in its 
Schedule are no longer in force .  
 
(Para. 4.134  and 4.138 of WT/TPR/S/298/Rev.1  of 11 July 2014)  
 
Hong Kong, China  
GATS/SC/39/Suppl.2  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
- Local services  
  (a)-(g); (o)  
 Limitations on 
market access 
Mode 3  Four licences  for local fixed network services 
were issued in 1995.  New licences will not be 
considered before June 1998.  Whether more 
licences will be issued thereafter is subject to 
review in 1998.  Local fixed telecommunication network services ha ve been fully 
liberalized since January  2003.  
 
(Notification under Article III:3 of the GATS , S/C/N/312 , dated 28 
January 2005 ; statement by Hong Kong, China at the CSC meeting of 2 
December 2020. Para. 2.7 of S/CSC/M/84 )  
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India 
GATS/SC/42/Suppl.3  2.C  
Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
(a) Voice 
telephone 
service (CPC 
7521**)  
Wire based (i.e. 
for fixed network 
of subscribers)  
 
 
(o) Other  
Cellular mobile 
telephone      
services  
 Limitations on 
market access 
Mode 3  
 
Additional 
Commitments  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Limitations on 
market access 
Mode 3  
 There will be one operator other than 
Department of Telecommunications 
(DOT)/Mahanagar  Telephone Nigam Ltd. 
(MTNL) in each service area for a period of 10 
years from the grant of licence after which the 
position will be reviewed.  
 
The subject of opening up of  national 
long-distance service beyond service area to 
competition will be reviewed  in the year 1999.  
Also, the subject of opening up of international 
service to competition will be reviewed in the 
year 2004.  
 
There will be two cellular service operators in 
each service area.  The position will be reviewed 
after 10 years . 
 Competition was allowed from the private sector in value -added 
telecommunication services  and cellular mobile telephone services (CMTS) 
in 1992, followed by fixed line local telephone  services in 1994 . The New 
Telecommunications Policy, 1999 (NTP 99)  sough t to address  improving 
efficiency by establishing a more  
competitive environment for the sector .  
 
Under the new policy, fixed -line service providers (FSPs) and  cellular 
mobile service providers (CSMPs) will be granted non -exclusive licences 
for individual  service areas for an initial period of 20 years, extendable by 
additional ten -year periods . 
 
Private -sector participation in domestic long -distance telephony was 
permitted in August 2000, followed by  
international long -distance voice telephony on 1 April 2002 (two years 
ahead of India's commitments  in the GATS).  
 
As a result of these steps, all telecommunication services are now open to 
private  participation and competition.  
 
(Para. 98 of WT/TPR/S/100  of 22 May 2002)  
 
Indonesia  
GATS/SC/43/Suppl.2  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
- Local services  
 
 
- Long distance 
services  
 
 
 
 
- International 
services  
 Additional 
Commitments  The period of exclusivity for local services 
expires in 2011.  The Government will conduct 
a review of policy with respect to whether to 
permit additional suppliers of such services 
upon the expiry of this period.  
 
The period of exclusivity for long distance 
services expires in 2006.  The Government will 
conduct a review of policy with respect to 
whether to permit additional suppliers of such 
services upon the expiry of this period.  
 
The period of exclusivity for international 
services expires in 2005.  The Government will 
conduct a review of policy with respect to 
whether to permit additional suppliers of suc h 
services upon the expiry of this period.  
 In 2002, the Government ended Telkom's exclusive rights to provide fixed -
line services in Indonesia. The Government also sold 42% of its shares in 
Indonesian Satellite (Indosat ), Indonesia's second -largest mobile -phone 
operator, to Temasek Holdings, the state -owned investment arm of the 
Government of Singapore. Indosat's monopoly on international calls ended 
in 2003.  
 
(Para. 4.73 of WT/TPR/S/278/Rev.1  of 16 July 2013)  
 
As at May 2020, there were seven cellular operators  and four fixed -line 
operators in Indonesia .  
 
(Paras. 4.221 and 4.222 of WT/TPR/S/401/Rev.1  of 5 February 20 21) 
  
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- 12 - SCHEDULE  SECTOR  ENTRY AS  CONDITIONAL COMMITMENTS  UPDATES  
Israel  
GATS/SC/44/Suppl.1  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
 Limitations on 
market access  
Mode1  
 
 
 
 
 
Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 2  The existing monopoly's exclusive rights in 
domestic Telecommunication services and 
infrastructure mentioned in paragraphs: a(I), 
a(III), b, c, f, g, will terminate not later than 
the year 2001. The government will publish the 
rules and regulatory policy regarding the way of 
opening the above mentioned to competition in 
the future.  
 
The government issued two licenses to two 
operators that won a tender issued by the 
government for the operation of inte rnational 
services in addition to those offered by the 
present operator (BEZEQ International, which 
is a fully (100%) subsidiary of BEZEQ - the local 
PTT). The companies have exclusivity until 
1.1.2002 and the government will reexamine 
its policy regarding  further competition in the 
field of international services towards the year 
2001.  
 Over the years, Israel has pursued progressive liberalization and 
privatization of its telecoms market. It began in 1994 with the entry of 
Cellcom to compete with Bezeq (th e incumbent) in mobile telephony.  As 
of January 2018, there were six domestic fixed services operators; six 
mobile network operators (MNOs); three mobile virtual network operators 
(MVNOs); and eight mobile operators providing international services.  
 
In order to promote competition, the Ministry of Communications licensed 
a third communications infrastructure operator .  
 
(Paras. 4.75 and 4.76 of WT/TPR/S/376/Rev.1  of 10 October 2018)  
Jamaica  
GATS/SC/45/Suppl.1  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services:  
- Voice 
Telephone 
Services 
(7521)  
 
- Internet and 
internet 
access 
services 
(75260)  Additional 
Commitments  The Government is in the process of reviewing 
this with the exclusive private operator in the 
context of the draft Telecom Bill and the 
establishment of the regulatory regime in 
1997.  If the outcome of this review is 
favourable, the Government will submit an 
improved commitment on private voice 
telephone services.  
 
The Government is in the process of reviewing 
this with the exclusive priva te operator in the 
context of the draft Telecom Bill and the 
establishment of the regulatory regime in 
1997.  If the outcome of this review is 
favourable, the Government will submit an 
improved commitment on voice over Internet.  
 In 1999, the Government sta rted a process of liberalizing the 
telecommunications industry, which included a renegotiation of the 
contract with Cable and Wireless Jamaica Limited  (C&WJ ), the sole 
supplier of fixed and mobile telephony, the passing of new legislation 
and the adoption of a phased approach for its implementation. In 
September 1999, the Government concluded an agreement with C&WJ, 
which was granted a 25 -year exclusive right to operate basic telephony 
services in 1988. The new agreement ended the company's status as a 
mono poly in the provision of basic telecommunications services well 
before the originally scheduled date of 2013 (renewable to 2038). 
C&WJ's monopoly rights ended as of 1 March 2003.  
  
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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Jamaica  
(Cont'd)  - Video 
transmission 
services 
(satellite - 
based) 
(75241**) 
  The Government is in the process of reviewing 
this with the exclusive private operator in the 
context of the draft Telecom Bill and the 
establishment of the regulatory regime in 
1997.  If the outcome of this review is 
favourable, the Government will submit an 
improved commitment on video telephony 
services.  
 The passing of the Telecommunications Act (Act No. 1 of 16 February 
2000) redefined telecommunications policy in Jamaica and facilitated the 
gradual opening up of the market to new players . The Act put in place a 
reform process divided into three phases. Phase I, which started on 1 
March 2000, opened the market to competition in wireless cellular 
services, the provision of customer equipment, and the resale of data, 
international  voice and Internet access.  Phase II of the liberalization 
process started on 1 September 2001 and introduced competition in 
domestic facilities and services, and allowed subscriber TV providers 
(STVOs) to become Internet service providers (ISPs).  Phase II I, which 
started on 1 March 2003, international voice and data facilities opened 
up to competition .  
(Paras. 129 and 130 of WT/TPR/S/139/Rev.1  of 9 March 2005)  
 
Japan  
GATS/SC/46/Suppl.3  7.B Banking  and 
Other 
Financial 
Services  
(excluding 
Insurance and  
Insurance -
Related 
Services)  
 Additional 
Commitments  Appropriate authorities permit the Pension 
Welfare Service Public Corporation to allow 
investment advisory companies to participate 
in the management of its fund assets through 
a variation o n the "Shiteitan" framework.  At 
the time of the next comprehensive review of 
the Japanese pension system in 1999, this 
scheme would be reviewed . Law No. 19 in 2000: Pension Welfare Service Public Corporation was 
disestablished. Government Pension Investment Fund was allowed to 
manage the pension fund by itself. With respect to the management of 
the pension fund of Government Pension Investment Fund, no asset 
allocation regulation s were applied to the total assets of Government 
Pension Investment Fu nd, and investment advisory companies were 
allowed to participate in the management of the pension fund of 
Government Pension Investment Fund.  
(Notification by Japan of 6 November 2001, S/C/N/179)  
After the comprehensive review, the Pension Welfare Service  Public 
Corporation was succeeded by the Government Pension Investment 
Fund which managed pension funds by itself. Also under the reform, the 
participation in the management of the pension assets by investment 
advisory companies became no longer limited to  through the "Shiteitan" 
framework. Japan notified this regulatory change in November 2001. 
Since then, further reform ha s taken place and the Government Pension 
Investment Fund ha s become an independent administrative agency 
specialized in the management of pension funds. The participation in the 
management of pension assets by investment advisory companies 
remain s open, and not limited to through "Shiteitan" framework .  
(Statement by Japan at the CSC meeting of 29 June 2021. Para. 1.4 of 
S/CSC/M/86.)  
Jordan 
GATS/SC/128  
 4. DISTRIBU -
TION 
SERVICES  Additional 
commitments  If, in future, Jordan's legislation permits non -
Jordanian investors to own a greater 
percentage of equity with respect to projects 
or an economic activity in this sector, such 
liberalization will immediately be bound in 
Jordan's schedule of specific commitments.  
 Foreign ownership is limited to a maximum of 50% in wholesale and 
retail trade, franchising, c ommercial and insurance agents .  
 
(Table 2.4  of WT/TPR/S/325/Rev.1  of 5 February 2016)   
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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FYR of Macedonia  
GATS/SC/138  
 1.A Professional  
Services  
(h) Medical  and 
dental 
services (CPC 
9312)  
(j) Services 
provided by 
midwives, 
nurses,  
 physiotherapi
sts and para -
medical 
personnel 
(CPC 93191)  
 
8.A Hospital 
services  
 (CPC 9311)  
8.B Other 
Human 
Health 
Services  
 (CPC 9319 
(other than 
93191))  Additional 
commitments  
 The reform process is ongoing.  FYROM will 
negotiate taking commitments afte r 1 January 
2004.  
 North Macedonia 's health sector is primarily regulated by the Law on 
Health Protection and t he Law on Health Insurance . The provision of 
health services is allowed via all four modes of supply.  
 
Any foreign hospital may be a shareholder or establish  locally 
incorporated compan ies, branches or subsidiar ies in the Republic of 
North Macedonia. The healthcare activity shall be performed in a network 
of healthcare institutions and outside the network of healthcare 
institutions. The healthcare activity in the network shall be performed by 
public and private healthcare institutions, which perform the activity on 
the basis of a license. The healthcare activity referred to in Article 26(1) 
of the Law on Health Protection, except the activities refe rred to in Article 
29(1) of this Law, shall be provided outside the network by private 
healthcare institutions that meet the requirements referred to in Article 
60. The healthcare institutions outside the network shall carry out a 
healthcare activity by me ans of which they gain funds solely from 
patients who cover the health services by their own funds. Private 
healthcare institution may be established by domestic and foreign legal 
entities and natural persons. Private healthcare institution s cannot be 
established for carrying out the activities referred to in Article 29(1) 
points 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the Law on Health 
Protection, unless otherwise provided for by law.  
 
  
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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FYR of Macedonia  
(Cont'd)     A foreign citizen who carries out a healthcare activity in the Republic of 
North Macedonia, in addition to the requirements prescribed in Article 
126 of the Law, must have a good command of the North Macedonian 
language which should  be prove n by a certifica te for a successfully 
passed language examination from an authorized education institution. 
Healthcare worker s without university (higher) degree cannot get a 
licence.  
 
Please refer to the Law on Health Protection (consolidated text 2016) .  
 
(Retrieved fro m the Services Trade Policy Database of I -TIP Services ) 
 
 7. FINANCIAL 
SERVICES  
 Headnote  A single legal person (insurance company or a 
bank) cannot provide both insurance and 
banking services.  FYROM will conduct a review 
of the situation in the light of developments in 
the regulation of financial services sectors and 
will report whether this limitation can be 
abolished.  Such a review will take place by 31 
December 2008.  
 An insurance company is prohibited from engaging in banking activities 
or other non -insurance activities. However, commercial banks can sell 
insurance policies.  
 
Please refer to Article 4 (1) of the Law on Insurance Supervision ; Article 
7 (1) paragraph 19 of the Banking Law (consolidated text 2017) .  
 
(Retrieved from the Services Trade Policy Database of I -TIP Services ) 
 
Mauritius  
GATS/SC/55/Suppl.1  
 
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
 Additional 
commitments  The reference paper will be incorporated in the 
legislation to be adopted soon by the National 
Assembly.2 
 The ICT Act already contains provisions in line with the Reference 
Paper regarding, inter -alia, the following elements:  
- Interconnection  
- Competitive safeguards  
- Universal service  
- Independent regulator  
- Resolution of disputes; and  
- Transparency  
 
A copy of the ICT Act may be downloaded from the website of the 
Information and Communication Technologies Authority at 
https://www.icta.mu/acts.html . 
 
The relevant authorities are working on further improvemen ts to 
the ICT Act to make it fully compliant with the Reference 
Paper.   The changes relate to essential facilities, competitive 
safeguards, universal services and interconnection access.  
 
(Communication from Mauritius, JOB/SERV/CSC/6)  
 
 
2 The Reference Paper is not attached to the Schedule.   
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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Mexico  
GATS/SC/56/Suppl.2  
 
  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
- Commercial 
agencies  Limitations on 
market access 
Mode 3  The establishment and operation of commercial 
agencies is invariably subject to the relevant 
regulations. The Ministry of Communications 
and Transport (SCT) will not issue permits for 
the establishment of a commercial agency until 
the corresponding regulations are issued.  
 In 2014, the Federal Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law (LFTR) 
was enacted; this repealed the Feder al Telecommunications Law of 1995. 
The LFTR regulates the use, development and exploitation of the radio -
frequency  
spectrum; the public telecommunications networks; access to the 
infrastructure; orbital resources and satellite communications; the 
provisio n of public telecommunications and broadcasting services of 
general interest; convergence of services.  
 
(Paras. 4.150 and 4.151 of WT/TPR/S/352/Rev.1 of 23 June 2017)  
 
Article 170 of the LFTR establishes that the Institute’s authorization is 
required to: I. establish and operate or use telecommunications marketing 
services without the status of concessionaire.  
 
(Communication from Mexico, JOB/SERV/CSC/5)  
 
Nepal  
GATS/SC/139  
 4.B Wholesale  
services  
 
4.C Retailing 
services  
 
 Limitations on 
market access 
and national 
treatment 
Modes 1,2,3 
and 4  
 Unbound except until such time that Nepal 
grants such rights to any WTO Member in any 
subsector, or until Nepal determines the types 
of foreign entities which may provide these 
services, or that Nepal author izes such rights 
under its laws and regulations, the supply of 
these services; whichever is earlier.  
 The Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act (FITTA), 1992 
allows 100% foreign investment except for a negative list of 21 
industries, including ret ail businesses (excluding international chain 
retail businesses with a minimum investment of NR 500 million, 
operating in at least two countries).  
 
(Para. 2.39 of WT/TPR/S/381/Rev.1  of 27 February 2019)  
 
 7. FINANCIAL 
SERVICES  
- Banking  and 
other financial 
services  Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  
 For derivative products under Nepal 'f' and 
settlement of and clearing services for 
financial assets, including securities, 
derivative products, and other negotiable 
instruments  under 'j' unbound until HMG/Nepal 
determines what types of entities can conduct 
these services, the related laws and regulations 
are established and such business is authorised 
by the government or other designated 
authority.  
   
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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Papua New Guinea  
GATS/SC/118/  
Suppl.1  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
(a) – (g) ; (o)  Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  
 All Telecommunication Services are subjected 
to a five year exclusivity (1997 -2002) to 
TELIKOM PNG Ltd. as the monopoly service 
provider.  
The issuance of additional operating licenses 
and their terms and conditions will be 
considered and announced at least two years 
prior to the end of the exclusivity period.  
 Telikom, a subsidiary of KTH, had the monopoly in local, national, and 
international m obile and fixed -line services until July 2007. Plans to 
privatize 51% of equity in Telikom to an overseas company were 
abandoned by the Government in the early 2000s.  
 
The National ICT Policy Phase II Reforms Final Report introducing open 
competition was approved in March 2009. T he National Information and 
Communications Technology Authority (NICTA)  grants four types of 
telecommunications licences, all valid for ten -year periods: General 
Telecommunications Carrier Licence (GL); Public Mobile 
Telecommunicat ions Licence (MC); Value -added Services (carrier grade 
and ISP grade) Licence; and Restricted General Licence/Private Network 
Licence (RGC) . 
 
(Paras. 4.99 and 4.101 of WT/TPR/S/387/Rev.1  of 28 June 2019; Para. 
90 of WT/TPR/S/239/Rev.1  of 8 February 2011)  
 
Saudi Arabia  
GATS/SC/141  
 11.H Services 
auxiliary to all 
modes of 
transport  Additional 
commitments  The services related to CPC 749 are currently 
provided by the public sector.  As far as market 
access to services included in CPC 749 become 
open under the S audi legislation to private 
entities, national treatment will be granted.  
  
Senegal  
GATS/SC/75/Suppl.1  2.C Telecommu -
nication 
Services  
  (a) – (g); (o)  
 Limitations on 
market access, 
Mode 1  
 
 
 
 
 
Limitations on 
market access, 
Mode 3  Exclusively through the Sonatel network, on 
which Sonatel has a monopoly in international 
traffic until 31  December  2003 at the earliest 
and 31  December 2006 at the latest. After 2003 
the authorities will examine the possibility of 
opening up the sector to  other operators. After 
2003 the authorities will examine the possibility 
of opening up the sector to other operators.  
 
Sonatel's monopoly also applies to local and 
long-distance traffic until 31  December  2003 at 
the earliest and 31  December 2006 at the 
latest. After 2003 the authorities will examine 
the possibility of opening up the sector to other 
operators.  
 Sudatel  obtained a "global" telecommunications licence in September 
2007 and has been providing prepaid mobile phone services under the 
Expresso bra nd since early 2009. This in principle eliminates the SONATEL 
monopoly in the fixed -line network, but SONATEL still has a de facto 
monopoly. Senegal thus considers it has fulfilled its specific commitments 
under the GATS.  
 
(Para. 197 of WT/TPR/S/223/SEN/Re v.1 of 22 December 2009)  
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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South Africa  
GATS/SC/78/Suppl.2  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
-  Facilities based 
and public 
switched 
telecommu -
nication  
services  
 Additional 
Commitments  Authorities to consider by 31/12/2003 the 
feasibility of suppliers additional to the duopoly.  
 
Liberalization of resale services to take place 
between 2000 and 2003 with authorities to 
define terms and conditions as well as the 
maximum limit for foreign investment.  
 Competition in the fixed line segment was intr oduced in 2006 when Neotel 
was licensed to  compete against Telkom (which used to have monopoly 
power in the sector).  Neotel was  licensed as South Africa's first alternative 
infrastructure -based telecom provider, able to deliver wireline and wireless 
data t elecoms services at national and international levels .  
 
(Para. 4.110 of WT/TPR/S/324/Rev.1  of 05 February 2016; Para. 269 of 
WT/TPR/S/222/ZAF/Rev.1  of 14 December 2009)  
 
Sri Lanka  
GATS/SC/79/Suppl.1  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
-  International 
basic voice 
telecommu -
nication 
services  
-  Domestic local 
and long -
distance basic 
telephone 
services: 
Mobile cellular 
services  
-  Satellite -based 
services  
GMPCS services 
supplied through 
own gateways  
  
 
 
Limitations  on 
market access 
Modes 1&3  
 
 
Limitations on 
market access 
Mode 3  
 
 
 
 
 
Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  Monopoly guaranteed for Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd 
(SLT) until 31 December 1999. Government of 
Sri Lanka (GOSL) proposes thereafter to issue 
an additional licence, depending mainly on 
satisfactory progress having been made with 
respect to tariff rebalancing.  
 
Four operators' licences.  This number will be 
reviewed by the GOSL in the year 2000.  
 
Issuing of licences is under consideration.  The Commis sion permitted use of Global Mobile Personal Communications 
Services (GMPCS) in Sri Lanka with effect from 9 April 1999, subject to 
the issuance of a licence under Section 22 of Sri Lanka 
Telecommunications Act No. 25 of 1991 as amended.  
 
(Notification pur suant to Article III:3 of the GATS, S/C/N/167 of 27 August 
2001)  
 
The monopoly of Sri Lanka Telecom (SLT) over international and voice 
telecommunication services ended in 2002. T he telecommunications 
sector has opened up to several providers in most subsec tors, including in 
fixed-access telephone services, cellular mobile phones and satellite 
services. The market comprises five mobile services providers and three 
fixed-line operators.  
 
Sri Lanka has proceeded with liberalizing many of its telecom subsector s, 
thus the applied regime is more liberal than its GATS commitments.  
 
(Paras. 4.149 and 4.150 of WT/TPR/S/347/Rev.1  of 1 March 2017)  
Suriname  
GATS/SC/80/Suppl.1  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
For public use  
-Fixed network 
infrastructure  
-Local, domestic, 
long distance and 
international  
 
- Mobile services 
(terrestrial and 
satellite based)  
 Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  
 
 
 
Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  The duopoly operators are granted exclusivity 
for a period of five years ending on 1  January 
2003. Before the expiration of this period, the 
Government will determine the circumstances 
under which additional operators can be 
licensed.  
 
Licenses are granted for a period of five years 
ending on 1 January 2003. Before the 
expiration of this period, the Government will 
determine the circumstances under which 
additional operators can be licensed  
 Both five -year restrictions ended in 2003 but the possibility of extending 
the number and/or duration of licenses after that is still at the discretio n 
of the Government. Licensed operators also have the exclusive right to 
provide long -distance and international services over fixed and mobile 
networks, and cannot be bypassed.  
 
Many regulatory aspects were detailed in a series of state decrees, issued 
in 2007, that cover issues including licensing .  
 
(Paras. 4.96 and 4.98 of WT/TPR/S/391/Rev.1  of 27 November 2019)  
  
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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Thailand  
GATS/SC/85/Suppl.2  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  Headnote  
 
 
 Conditional upon passage and coming into force 
of all necessary new communication acts, 
commencing from the year of 2006, 
commitments on public telecommunication 
services will be introduced, and carried out in 
accordance with the implementing regulations 
to be issued by virtue of those acts.  
 Thailand has iss ued the Telecommunication Business Act which has 
introduced the increasing of foreign equity participation, and other new 
laws and regulations related to the Reference Paper. Thailand is currently 
in a public hearing stage, and the results of public hearin gs will be 
presented to the cabinet and parliament for their approval. After that, 
Thailand will proceed with WTO procedures for the certification of 
improvements to schedules of specific commitments.  
 
(Statement by Thailand at the Trade Policy Review meeting on 24 and 
26 November 2020. Paras. 5.8 -5.9 of WT/TPR/M/400).  
 
  Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Limitations on 
national 
treatment  
Mode 3  
 
 
 Conditional upon passage and coming into force 
of all necessary new communication acts, 
commencing from the year of 2006, Thailand 
will introduce the market access elements as 
contained in those acts into the relevant parts 
of its Schedule of Specific Commitments 
relating to the supply of public 
telecommunication services.  
 
Conditional upon passage and coming into force 
of all necessary new communication acts, 
commencing from the year of 2006, Thailand 
will introduce the national treatment elements 
as contained in those acts into the relevant 
parts of its Schedule of Specif ic Commitments 
relating to the supply of public 
telecommunication services  With the approval of the Cabinet and Parliament, Thailand is ready to 
improve its Schedule in accordance with the Telecommunication 
Business Act 2006 and other relevant laws and reg ulations as specified 
in its Uruguay Round Schedule. The improvements include: the foreign 
equity participation being increased from 20 to 49% for WTO Members 
to provide telecommunication services in the Thai market; the conditions 
no longer in force being  removed from the Schedule; and the obligations 
contained in the Reference Paper on Telecommunication Services being 
introduced as additional commitments. Thailand initiated the process to 
certify the proposed improvements to its Schedule of Specific 
Commi tments pursuant to the procedures under S/L/84.  
 
(Statement by Thailand at the CSC meeting on 18 October 2021, para. 
2.4 of S/CSC/M/87; Thailand's request for certification contained in 
S/C/W/386.)  
 
     
  Additional 
commitments  Conditional upon passage and coming into force 
of all necessary new communication acts, 
commencing from the year of 2006, Thailand 
will introduce into its Schedule of Specific 
Commitments on public telecommunication 
services its treatment on the subjects relating 
to compet itive safeguards, interconnection, 
universal service, public availability of licensing 
criteria, separation of regulatory and 
operational functions, and the allocation and 
use of scarce resources.  
 The certification procedure initiated in document S/C/W/38 6 was 
concluded and the modifications attached to document S/C/W/386 are 
hereby deemed to constitute an integral part of Thailand's Schedule of 
specific commitments under the GATS as of 9  March 2022. A certified 
true copy of the above -mentioned modificatio ns was circulated to each 
Member of the World Trade Organization in document WT/Let/1566. For 
ease of reference, these modifications have also been issued in 
document GATS/SC/85/Suppl.2/Rev.1  which replace s GATS/SC/Suppl.2 .  
  S/CSC/W/70/Rev. 5 
 
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Türkiye  
GATS/SC/88/Suppl.2  
 2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
  (a) – (b) Limitations on 
market access 
Modes 1&3  
 Türk Telekomünikasyon A._. is the exclusive 
operator.  Exclusive right will end by 
31.12.2005, subject to adoption of the relevant 
legislation by the parliament.  The exclusive right of Türk Telekominikasyon AŞ ended on 31 December 
2003 as stipulated in the Law No. 4502 governing the telephony and 
telegraph services.   
(Statement by Turkey at the CSC meeting of 2 December 2020, Para. 
2.12 of S/CSC/M/84)  
 
Uganda  
GATS/SC/89/Suppl.1/
Rev.1  2.C Telecommu -
nication  
Services  
Facilities based 
public -switched 
voice 
telecommuni -
cation services 
on fixed network 
infrastructure  
 Limitations on 
market access  
Mode 3  Uganda Telecom Limited (UTL) and Second 
National Operator (SNO) duopoly exclusivity, 
subject to Uganda Government review after 
2003.  The telecommunications sector has been liberalized since 2006. A 
licensing regime was introduced that allows suppliers to select among 
three categories of licences: the Pub lic Service Provider (PSP) Licence, 
the Public Infrastructure Provider (PIP ) Licence, and the National 
Telecommunication Operator (NTO) Licence .  
 
(Paras. 4.114 and 4.115 of WT/TPR/S/384/Rev.1 of 5 June 2019)  
Yemen  
GATS/SC/152  7.B Banking and 
Other 
Financial 
Services  
 Limitations on 
market access,  
Mode 3  None when the Government authorises such 
business, determines what types of entities 
can conduct these services, the related laws 
and regulation are established.   
__________