PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT DRAFT UGANDA 
STANDARD  
  DUS ARS  465 
First Edition  
2022 -mm-dd 
 
 Reference number  
DUS ARS 465: 2022 
© UNBS 2022  
   
Wheat grains  — Specification  
 
 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS ARS 465: 2022  
ii                © UNBS  2022  - All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct applicati on 
© UNBS 2022  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
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 PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFTDUS ARS 465: 2022  
© UNBS  2022  - All rights reserved                 iii National foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amen ded. UNBS is mandated to c o-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisatio n for Standardisation (ISO),  
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World  Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, a cademicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the d raft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
This Draft Uganda Standard, DUS ARS 465: 2022 , Wheat grains  — Specification , is identical with and has 
been reproduced from an African  Standard, ARS 465: 202 2, Wheat grains  — Specification , and adopted  as a 
Uganda Standard . 
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/ TC 203, Cereals, pulses and 
related products and processes . 
Wherever the words, “ African  Standard " appear, they shoul d be replaced by "Uganda Standard ". AFRICAN 
STANDARD  DARS 465 
Third  Edition 20 22 
 
 Reference No. DARS 465:2022(E) 
ICS 67.060 
 
 
© ARSO 20 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wheat grains — Specification  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 DARS 465:2022 
ii © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved   
Table of contents  
 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  1 
3 Definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 2 
4 Quality requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  3 
4.1 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  3 
4.2 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  3 
4.2.1  Grading  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3 
4.2.2  Ungraded wheat grains  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  3 
5 Contaminants  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 5 
5.1 Heavy metals  ................................ ................................ ................................ .........................  5 
5.2 Pesticide residues  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  5 
5.3 Mycotoxin limits  ................................ ................................ ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.  
6 Hygiene  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  5 
7 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 5 
8 Marking or labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  5 
9 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  5 
10 Storage and transportation  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  6 
11 Methods of sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  6 
Annex A (informative)  Harmful and toxic seeds, unacceptable mites and pests of stored cereals  ....... 7 
Annex B (normative)  Determination of impurities, size, foreign odours, insects, and species and 
variety  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  8 
Bibliography  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  14 
 
  DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  iii Foreword  
 
The African Organization for Standardization (ARS) is an African intergovernmental organization made 
up of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the Organization of African 
Unity (AU). One of the fundamental mandates of ARSO is to develop and harmoniz e African Standards 
(ARS) for the purpose of enhancing Africa’s internal trading capacity, increase Africa’s product and 
service competitiveness globally and uplift the welfare of African communities.  The work of preparing 
African  Standards is normally carried out through ARSO  technical committees. Each Member State  
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be 
represented on that committee. International organizations, regional ec onomic communities (RECs), 
governmental and non -governmental  organizations , in liaison with ARSO , also take part in the work.  
 
ARSO  Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.  
 
The main task of technical co mmittees is to prepare ARSO  Standards. Draft ARSO  Standards adopted 
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an ARSO  
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.  
 
Attenti on is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of 
patent rights. ARSO  shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
 
This African Standard was prepared by the ARSO Technical Commi ttee on Cereals, pulses and derived  
products (ARSO/TC 12). 
 
 
 
 
 
© African Organisation for Standardisation  2021 — All rights reserved* 
 
ARSO Central Secretariat  
International House 3rd Floor  
P. O. Box 57363 — 00200 City Square  
NAIROBI, KENYA  
 
Tel. +254 -20-2224561, +254 -20-311641, +254 -20-311608  
Fax: +254 -20-218792  
E-mail: arso@arso -oran.org  
Web: www.arso -oran.org  
  
                                                 
* 2021 ARSO  — All rights of exploitation reserved worldwide for African Member  States’ NSBs. 
 DARS 465:2022 
iv © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved   
Copyright notice  
 
This ARSO document is copyright -protected by ARSO. While the reproduction of this document 
by participants in the ARSO standards development process is permitted without prior permission 
from ARSO, neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduce d, stored or 
transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written permission from ARSO.  
 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be 
addressed as shown below or to ARSO’s member body in the coun try of the requester:  
 
 
© African Organisation for Standardisation 2021 — All rights reserved  
 
ARSO Central Secretariat  
International House 3rd Floor  
P.O. Box 57363 — 00200 City Square  
NAIROBI, KENYA  
 
Tel: +254 -20-2224561, +254 -20-311641, +254 -20-311608  
Fax: +254 -20-218792  
 
E-mail: arso@arso -oran.org  
Web: www.arso -oran.org  
 
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a  licensing agreement. 
Violators may be p rosecuted.  
 
 
 
  DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  v Introduction  
 
Wheat is the third most produced cereal crop after rice, but covers more land area worldwide than any 
other crop. Unlike rice, wheat is more widespread globally  and enters into international trade more than 
any other food.  It tolerates windswept areas too dry and too cold for rice and corn.  
 
This standard has been revised to take into account:  
a) the needs of the market for the product;  
b) the need to facilitate fair domestic, regiona l and international trade and prevent technical 
barriers to trade by establishing a common trading language for buyers and sellers;  
c) the structure of the CODEX, UNECE, USA, ISO and other internationally significant standards;  
d) the needs of the producers in g aining knowledge of market standards, conformity assessment, 
commercial cultivars and crop production process;  
e) the need to transport the product in a manner that ensures keeping of quality until it reaches 
the consumer;  
f) the need for the plant protection au thority to certify, through a simplified form, that the product 
is fit for cross -border and international trade without carrying plant disease vectors;  
g) the need to promote good agricultural practices that will enhance wider market access, 
involvement of sm all-scale traders and hence making farming a viable means of wealth 
creation; and  
h) the need to ensure a reliable production base of consistent and safe crops that meet customer 
requirements . 
This edition has also incorporated several changes in order to ali gn the standard to current requirements 
for quality and safety including but not limited to the following aspects:  
 
(i) Microbiological requirements  
 
(ii) Grading of grains  
 
This African Standard is a technical revision of the earlier ARS 465: 2016 (E), Wheat — Specification  
which is hereby superseded and cancelled.  
 DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  1 Wheat grains — Specification  
 
1 Scope  
 
This African Standard specifies the requirements and methods of sampling and test for wheat grains of  
varieties (cultivars) grown from common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), club wheat ( T. compactum Host.) 
and Triticum tauschii (soft wheat) intended for human consumption . Durum wheat (Triticum durum ) is 
excluded from this standard.  
 
2 Normative references  
 
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For un dated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
 
ISO 605 , Pulses — Determination of impurities, size, foreign odours, insects, and species and variety 
— Test methods  
 
ISO 712 , Cereals and cereal products — Determination of moisture content — Routine reference 
method  
 
ISO 3093, Wheat, rye and respective flours, durum wheat and durum wheat semolina — 
Determination of the Falling Number according to Hagberg -Perten  
 
ISO 5223, Test sieves for cereals  
 
 
ISO 6639 -1, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hidden insect infestation — Part 1: General 
principles  
 
ISO 6639 -2, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hidden insect infestation — Part 2: Sampling  
 
ISO 6639 -3, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hidd en insect infestation — Part 3: Reference 
method  
 
ISO 6639 -4, Cereals and pulses — Determination of hidden insect infestation — Part 4: Rapid 
methods  
 
 
 
 
 
ISO 7932, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of 
presumptive Bacillus cereus  — Colony -count technique at 30 degrees C  
 
ISO 7971 -1, Cereals — Determination of bulk density, called "mass per hectolitre" — Part 1: 
Refe rence method  
 
ISO 7971 -2, Cereals — Determination of bulk density, called "mass per hectolitre" — Part 2: Routine 
method  
 
ISO 13690, Cereals, pulses and milled products — Sampling of static batches  
 
ISO 16050,  Foodstuffs — Determination of aflatoxin B 1, and the total content of aflatoxin B 1, B2, G1 
and G 2 in cere als, nuts and derived products — High performance liquid chromatographic method  
 
ISO 20483, Cereals and pulses — Determination of the nitrogen content and calculation of the crude 
protein content — Kjeldahl method  
 
AFRICAN STANDARD  DARS 465:20 22 
2 © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  CODEX STAN 1, General Standard for the labelling of prepackaged foods  
 
CAC/RCP 1, Recommended international code of practice — General principles of food hygiene  
 
CODEX STAN 193, Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed  
 
 
3 Terms and definitions  
 
For the purpose of this standard the following definition s apply . 
 
3.1 
wheat grain  
grain that consists of 50 percent or more common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), club wheat ( T. 
compactum Host.), and durum wheat ( T. Durum Desf.)  
 
3.2 
broken grain  
grain in which part of the endosperm is exposed, or grain without germ that will pass readily through a 
sieve of specified perforations  
 
3.3 
noxious /harmful  /injurious seeds   
seeds which can have a damaging or dangerous effect on health, sensory properties or technological 
performance. These include Crotolaria  (Crotalaria spp.), Corn cockle (Agrostemma githago L.), Castor 
bean (Ricinus communis L.), Jimson weed (Datura spp.)  
3.4 
foreign matter  
all organic and inorganic material (such as plant parts, sand, soil, glass) other than wheat grains   
 
 
3.5 
other edible grains  
grains belonging to cereals species other than wheat   
3.6 
defective grains  
include; black point grain, germinated grain, pest -damaged grain, immature grain, diseased grain, 
shrivelled grain/shrunken grain or discoloured grain   
 
3.6.1 
discolo ured grain  
wheat grain discoloured by heat, fermentation, moulds, weather damage or disease but does not 
include black point which is brown, dark brown or almost black discoloration at the embryo end of the 
grain  
 
3.6.2 
germinated wheat  
grain in which the radicle or plumule is clearly visible to the naked eye  
 
3.6.3 
insect -damaged wheat  
wheat grain, which has been damaged by any insect or any other pest  
 
3.6.4 
infected wheat  
wheat grain containing in or amongst the grain any form of living and/ or other organism known to be 
capable of causing damage or spoilage to the grain  
 
3.6.5 
immature wheat  DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  3 wheat grains which are distinctly green in colour  
 
3.6.6 
heat damaged wheat  
wheat damaged by external heat or as a result of heating caused by fermentation  
 
3.6.7 
diseased weather -damaged wheat  
wheat, which has about one third or more of its surface, discoloured physically damaged or mouldy due 
to weather conditions  
 
3.7 
earth sand and stones  
concreted earthy mineral or any other matter derived from the soil and an y other matter of similar 
hardiness  
 
3.8  
falling number  
time in seconds the stirrer takes to fall to the bottom of the test tube of a standard distance.  
 
Note 1 to entry: This test helps identify the structural integrity of the wheat starch chains and is an indicator of amylase activity  
 
3.9  
food grade packaging material  
packaging material, made of substances which are safe and suitable for their intended use and which 
will not impart any toxic substance or undesirable odour or flavour to the product   
 
3.10  
test weight  
measure of grain density which is expressed as the weight of grain packed in a specific volume.  usually 
expressed in kilograms per hectolitre  
 
 
4 Requirements  
 
4.1 General requirements  
 
4.1.1  Wheat grains shall meet the following general requirements/limits as determined using the 
relevant standards listed in Clause 2. Wheat grains:  
 
a) shall be the dried mature grains of Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), Triticum compactum Host. 
(club wheat), Triticum tauschii (soft wheat) ; 
 
b) shall be clean, sound , uniform in size and shape ; 
 
c) shall be free from abnormal flavours, musty, sour or other undesirable odour,  obnoxious smell  
and discolouration;  
 
d) practically free from live pests  
 
e) free from noxious/harmful seeds in amount which  may be harmful to human health  
 
4.2 Specific requirements  
 
4.2.1  Grading  
 
Wheat grain shall comply with maximum limits given in Table 1 when tested in accordance with the test 
methods specified therein.   
 
4.2.2  Ungraded wheat grains  DARS 465:20 22 
4 © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved   
Shall be wheat grains  which do not fall within the requirements of Grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this standard 
but are not rejected wheat grains . 
 
4.4.2  Reject grade wheat  
 
a) Does not meet the requirements for the Grades 1, 2, 3, or 4.  
 
b) Has a musty, sour, or commercially objectionable foreign odour except smut or garlic odour; or  
 
c) Is heating or otherwise of distinctly low quality.  
 
Table 1 — Specific requirements  
 
Characteristic  Specification  Method of 
test Grade 1  Grade 2  Grade 3  Grade 4  
Moisture , max (%)  14.0  14.0 14.0 14.0 712 
Test weight kg/hl (g/0.5 L) , min  79(395)  75(375)  70(350)  65(325)  ISO 605  
Protein , min (%) 
m/m 
N5.7@11 % 
moisture basis  Hard/strong white  13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 ISO 20483  
Soft white  8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 
Foreign matter, max 
(%) m/m)   0.60 1.00 1.50 2.00 ISO 605  
      
Inorganic matter max (%) m/m)  0.5  0.5  0.5  0.5  ISO 605   
Shrunken and broken kernel max (%) m/m)  0.5  0.5  0.5  0.5  ISO 605  
Germinated grains max (%) m/m)  2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 ISO 605  
Pest damaged max (%) m/m)  1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 ISO 605  
Disease damaged grains max (%) m/m)  1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 ISO 605  
Discoloured grains max (%) m/m)  1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 ISO 605  
Immature grains max (%) m/m)  0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 ISO 605  
Total defective, max (%) m/m)  
 4.2 6.3 8.8 12.3 ISO 605   
Unmillable material above the screen,  (% by wt)  0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60  
Screenings, Max (% by wt)  5.0 5.0 5.0 0.60 ISO 5223  
Falling Number (Amylase activity), Min (sec)  300  230  230  230  ISO 3093  
Other edible grains (whole or identifiably broken), 
(% by wt)  0.50 1.50 2.0 3.0 ISO 7970  
Wheat of other 
classes or varieties 
(% by wt)  Contrasting classes  1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0  
Total  3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0  
Bulk density kg/hl, min   70 ISO 7971 -1 
ISO 7971 -2 
Ergot, %max 0.05   
Other 
contaminants, Max  Total Aflatoxin 
(AFB1+AFB2+AFG1 
+AFG2)), ppb  10 ISO 16050  
Aflatoxin B1 only, ppb  5 
Fumonisin – Total ppm  
(FB1 + FB2 + FB3)  2 
NOTE  Grade 4 will not be considered suitable for export.  DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  5 5 Contaminants  
 
5.1 Heavy metals  
 
Wheat grains shall comply with those maximum limits for heavy metals established by the Codex 
Alimentarius Commission for this commodity.  
 
5.2 Pesticide residues  
 
Wheat grains shall comply with those maximum pesticide residue limits established by the Codex 
Alimentarius Commission for this commodity.  
 
 
6 Hygiene  
 
Wheat grains  shall be produced and handled under hygienic conditions in accordance with ARS 53.  
 
 
7 Packaging  
 
Wheat grains shall be packed in food grade  packaging material,  which will safeguard the hygienic, 
nutritional and organoleptic qualities of the products.   
 
 
8 Marking or labelling  
 
The following specific labelling requirements shall apply and shall be legibly and indelibly marked in 
accordance with the requirements of ARS 56:  
 
i) product name as “Wheat grains”  
 
ii) variety;  
 
iii) grade;  
 
iv) name, address and physical location of the producer/ packer/importer;  
 
v) lot/batch/code number;  
 
vi) net weight, in kg;  
 
vii) the declaration “Food for Human Consumption’’;  
 
viii) storage instruction as “Store in a cool dry place away from any contaminants’’;  
 
ix) crop year;  
 
x) packing date;  
 
xi) instructions on disposal of used package;  
 
xii) country o f origin;  
 
xiii) a declaration on whether the wheat grain was genetically modified or not.  
 
 
9 Weights and measures  
 DARS 465:20 22 
6 © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  Wheat grains  shall be packaged in accordance with the weights and measures regulations of the 
destination country.  
 
NOTE Maximum package weight of 50 kg where human loading and offloading is involved’  
 
 
10 Sampling  
 
Sampling shall be done in accordance with the ISO 24333 . 
 
 
11 Storage and transportation  
 
Storage and transportation shall be done as per  the provisions in  ARS 53.  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  7 Annex A 
(informative)  
 
Harmful and toxic seeds, unacceptable mites and pests of stored cereals  
 
WARNING — This is a non -exhaustive list which could be completed if the necessity arose.  
 
A.1 Toxic seeds  
 
Botanical name  Common name  
Acroptilon repens  (L.) DC.   
Agrostemma githago  L.  Corn -cockle  
Coronilla varia  L.  Coronilla, Crown vetch  
Crotalaria  spp.  Crotalaria  
Datura fastuosa  L.   
Datura stramonium  L.  Stramony, thorn apple  
Heliotropium lasiocarpum  Fisher et C.A. Meyer  Heliotrope  
Lolium temulentum  L.  Darnel  
Ricinus communis  L.  Castor -oil plant  
Sophora alopecuroides  L.  Stagger bush, Russian centaury  
Sophora pachycarpa Schrank ex C.A. Meyer   
Thermopsis montana  Buffalo pen  
Thermopsis lanceolata  R. Br. in Aiton   
Trichoderma incanum   
 
A.2 Harmful seeds  
Botanical name  Common name  
Allium sativum  L.  Garlic  
Cephalaria syriaca  (L.) Roemer et Shultes  Teasel  
Melampyrum arvense  L.  Cow-cockle  
Melilotus  spp.  Melilot  
Sorghum halepense  (L.) Pers.  Johnson grass  
Trogonella foenum -graecum  L.  Fenugreek  
 
A.3 Unacceptable mites and insect pests  
 
The following are unacceptable  mites and insect pests  in stored cereals:  
 
Acarus  spp. 
Cryptolestes  spp. 
Ephestia  spp. 
Glycyphagus  spp. 
Nemapogon granella  L. 
Oryzaephilus  spp. 
Plodia interpunctella  Hübn.  
Prostephanus truncatus  Horn.  
Rhizopertha dominica  F. 
Sitophilus  spp. 
Sitotroga cerealella  Oliv. 
Tenebroides mauritanicus  L. 
Tribolium  spp. 
Trogoderma granarium  Everts  
Tyrophagus  spp. 
  DARS 465:20 22 
8 © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  Annex B 
(informative ) 
 
Determination of impurities, size, foreign odours, insects, and species and 
variety  
 
B.1 Principle  
 
The impurities are separated by sieving and are graded into the categories shown in Table B.1. 
 
Table B.1 — Categories of impurities  
 
Category of impurity  Corresponding main category  
Broken grains   
Shrivelled grains   
Unsound grains  Damaged wheat grains  
Grains attacked by pests   
Other cereals  Other cereals  
Organic extraneous matter  Extraneous matter  
Inorganic extraneous matter   
Harmful and/or toxic seeds and bunted grains  Harmful and/or toxic seeds, bunted  
grains and ergot  Ergot  
 
B.2 Apparatus  
 
B.2.1 Set of test sieves , with long rounded apertures, comprising sieves of 1 .00 mm  20.0 mm,  
1.70 mm  20.0 mm and 3 .55 mm  20.0 mm, as described in ISO 5223, a receiver and a lid.  
 
For durum wheat, use test sieves with long rounded apertures, comprising sieves of 1 .00 mm x 20 .0 
mm, 1 .90 mm x 20 .0 mm and 3 .55 mm x 20 .0 mm conforming to ISO 5223, a receiver and a lid.  This 
applies i n all cases.  
 
B.2.2 Sample divider , i.e. conical sampler or multiple -slot sampler with a distribution system.  
 
B.2.3 Tweezers, scalpel and paintbrush . 
 
B.2.4 Dishes . 
 
B.2.5 Shallow container, having a surface area of at least 200 cm2. 
 
B.2.6 Balance , capable of weighing to the nearest 0 .01 g.  
 
B.3 Sampling  
 
See clause 9.  
 
B.4 Procedure (see Figure B.1) 
 
B.4.1 General  
 
If a grain exhibits several defects, it shall be classified in the category with the lowest maximum 
permissible level.  
 
Any components which become stuck in the slots of a sieve shall be considered as being retained by 
the sieve.  
 
B.4.2 Preparation of test sample  
 DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  9 Carefully mix the laboratory sample to make it as uniform as possible, then proceed to reduce it, if 
necessary, using  a divide r (B.2.2) until a quantity of approximately 1 000 g is obtained.  
 
Weigh, to the nearest 1 g, the test sample so obtained and place it in the container ( B.2.5).  
 
During the preparation of the test sample, note whether any particular odour foreign to that of  wheat is 
detected,  and any presence of living insects or other anomalies.  
 
B.4.3 Determination of ergot  
 
Separate ergot from the test sample ( B.4.2), put it in a dish ( B.2.4) and weigh it to the nearest 0 .01 g.  
 
B.4.4 First division  
 
Thoroughly mix the sample from which the ergot has been removed and divide it using the divider 
(B.2.2) until a  quantity of approximately 250 g is obtained.  
 
Weigh, to the nearest 0 .01 g, the test portion so obtained. If any husked grains are observed, 
separate them from  their envelopes before the first sieving.  
 
B.4.5 First sieving  
 
Fit together the 3 .55 mm sieve, the 1 .00 mm sieve and the receiver, so that the sieve apertures are 
positioned  parallel to each other.  
 
Place the test portion ( B.4.4) on the 3 .55 mm sieve and put  on the lid.  
 
Shake manually for 45 s with a forwards -and-backwards motion in the direction of the slots of the 
sieve, keeping  the sieve in a horizontal plane.  
 
From the material which did not pass through the 3 .55 mm sieve, separate, by placing in separate 
dishes ( B.2.4),  the other cereals, the organic and inorganic components of the extraneous matter, 
harmful and/or toxic  seeds and bunted grains, and any wheat grains which should have been 
retained. Wheat grains  retained shall then be added to the material which does not pass through the 
1.00 mm sieve. Add the inorganic  elements of the extraneous matter to the material which has 
passed through the 1 .00 mm sieve. Weigh the  fractions thus obtained to the nearest 0 .01 g.  
 
B.4.6 Second division  
 
Thoroug hly mix the fraction retained between the 1 .00 mm sieve and the 3 .55 mm sieve, then add the 
wheat grains  retained on the 3 .55 mm sieve, and divide it using the divider ( B.2.2) until approximately 
60 g is obtained. Weigh to  the nearest 0 .01 g the portion th us obtained.  
 
Spread out the portion, then separate and classify it by placing in the dishes the broken grains, other  
cereals, organic and inorganic extraneous matter, unsound grains, grains attacked by pests, harmful 
and/or toxic seeds and bunted grains. Weigh each fraction to the nearest 0 .01 g.  
 
Verify that the sum of impurities plus wheat is equal to the mass of the portion.  
 
B.4.7 Second sieving  
 
Pour the portion from which the impurities specified in B.4.6 were removed onto the 1 .70 mm sieve 
fitted with a  receiver and put on the lid.  
 
Shake manually for 45 s with a forwards -and-backwards motion in the direction of the slots of the 
sieve, keeping  the sieve in the horizontal plane.  
 
Weigh, to the nearest 0 .01 g, the undersize grain thus obtained which corresponds to the shrivelled 
grains.  
 DARS 465:20 22 
10 © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  B.4.8 Number of determinations  
 
Repeat the determination on the same test sample, using another test portion obtained as specified in 
B.4.4. 
 
B.5 Expression of results  
 
Express the content of each category of impurity , using the formulae given below, as a mass fraction 
in percent of  the grains as received.  
 
Take as the result the arithmetic mean of the two determinations ( B.4.8).  
 
Give the result to one decimal place, except for harmful and toxic seeds, bunted grains a nd ergot, for 
which the  result shall be given to two decimal places.  
 
Broken grains C1  C2  m6 
 
Shrivelled grains C1  C2  m13 
 
Unsound grains C1  C2  m10 
 
Grains attacked by pests C1  C2  m11 
 
Other cereals  
 
7 2 1 2 1100mCCmmC 
x
 
 
Extraneous matter (organic and inorganic)  
 
) ( ) (
x9 8 2 1 4 3 1100mmCC mmmC 
 
 
Inorganic extraneous matter  
 
9 2 1 4 1100mCCmmC 
x
 
 
Harmful and/or toxic seeds, bunted grains and ergot  
 
12 2 1 5 1 1100 100mCCmmCmm
x w
 
 
Ergot  
 
1100mm
w
 
 
where  
C1 is the coefficient after the first division, equal to 
ww
mm mC1
1 ; 
 
C2 is the coefficient after the second division, equal to 
x zmm
mCy100
2  
mw is the mass, in grams, of the test sample (about 1 000 g);  
 DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  11 mx is the mass, in grams, of the test portion (about 250 g);  
 
my is the mass, in grams, of the material retained on the 1 .0 mm sieve, i.e. my = mx – 
(m2+m3+m4+m5); 
 
mz is the mass, in grams, of the portion obtained in A.4.6 (about 60 g);  
 
m1 is the mass, in grams, of ergot in the test sample;  
 
m2 is the mass, in grams, of other cereals retained on the 3 .55 mm sieve;  
 
m3 is the mass, in grams, of organic extraneous matter retained on the 3 .55 mm sieve;  
 
m4 is the mass, in grams, of inorganic e xtraneous matter retained on the 3 .55 mm sieve and of the 
material  which passed through the 1 .00 mm sieve;  
 
m5 is the mass, in grams, of harmful and/or toxic seeds and bunted grains retained on the 3 .55 mm 
sieve;  
 
m6 is the mass, in grams, of the broken grains retained on the 1 .00 mm sieve;  
 
m7 is the mass, in grams, of other cereals retained on the 1 .00 mm sieve;  
 
m8 is the mass, in grams, of organic extraneous matter retained on the 1 .00 mm sieve;  
 
m9 is the mass, i n grams, of inorganic extraneous matter retained on the 1 .00 mm sieve;  
 
m10 is the mass, in grams, of unsound grains retained on the 1 .00 mm sieve;  
 
m11 is the mass, in grams, of grains attacked by pests retained on the 1 .00 mm sieve;  
 
m12 is the mass, in grams of harmful and/or toxic seeds and bunted grains retained on the 1 .00 mm 
sieve;  
 
m13 is the mass, in grams, of shrivelled grains which passed through the 1 .70 mm sieve.  
 
B.6 Test report  
 
The test report shall specify:  
 
 all information  necessary for the complete identification of the sample;  
 
 the sampling method used, if known;  
 
 the test method used, with reference to this African  Standard;  
 
 all operating details not specified in this Standard, or regarded as optional, together with det ails of  
any incidents which may have influenced the test result(s);  
 
 the test result(s) obtained; or, if the repeatability has been checked, the final result obtained.  
 DARS 465:20 22 
12 © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved   
 
Figure B.1 — Flow chart of procedure  
 
DARS 465:2022 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  13  
 
Figure B.2 — Flow chart of procedure  for durum wheat  
 
  
DARS 465:20 22 
14 © ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved  Bibliography  
 
 
EAS 51 :2011, Wheat grains — Specification  
 
United States Standards for Wheat , Effective May 2006  
 
Wheat,  Official Grain Grading Guide, August 1, 2009, Canadian Grain Commission  
 
Department of Agriculture, Regulation Gazette No. 6225, 10 July 1998, Agricultural Product Standards 
Act, 1990 (Act No. 119 of 1990), Regulations relating to the grading, packing and marking of wheat 
intended for sale in the Republic of South Africa  + Amen dment of 19 July 2002, No. 23622 and 
Amendment of 19th August 2003, No. 25370  
 
Department of Agriculture, Regulation Gazette No. 22658, 11 September 2001, Agricultural Product 
Standards Act, 1990 (Act No. 119 of 1990), Standards for grades of Class Bread Wheat, Class Biscuit 
Wheat and Class Durum Wheat  
 
Ethiopian Standard, ES 665:2001, Wheat — Specification  
 
Malawi Standard, MBS 55:1990, Wheat grain — Specification  
 
ISO 7970:2011, Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) — Specification  
 
CODEX STAN 19 9:1995, Standard for Wheat and Durum Wheat  
 
CODEX STAN 228:2001 (Rev.1:2004), General methods of analysis for contaminants  
 
 
 
 DARS 465:20 22 
© ARSO  2022 — All rights reserved