JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
11 September 2023  
(23-6015) Page: 1/66 
Committee on Market Access    
 
EXPERIENCE -SHARING ON TRADE IN COVID -19 RELATED GOODS  
SIXTH  SESSION  
Note by the Secretariat1 
Addendum  
 
1  INTRODUCTION  
1.1.  The Committee on Market Access (CMA) held its sixth experience -sharing session on trade in 
COVID -19 related goods on 24 March 2023.2 The session was structured in two parts. First, least 
developed countries (LDC) shared their experiences and practices on trade -related measures and 
challenges faced during the COVID -19 pandemic. Representatives from eight LDC Members 
partici pated as speakers: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao People 's Democratic Republic, Lesotho3, 
Myanmar, Niger, Togo and Zambia. In the second part of the session, Members were invited to share 
their reflections across the entire series of experience -sharing session s organized by the CMA on 
trade in COVID -19 related goods. The United Kingdom volunteered as a speaker under this part. All 
presentations made at the session are reproduced in the annex.4 
1.2.  At the meeting, ten additional Members – Burkina Faso, Canada, China, Colombia, the 
European Union, Nepal, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, and the United States - took the 
floor to contribute to the discussions. This note can be further updated to in corporate additional 
contributions by Members.  
2  DEFINITION OF LISTS OF COVID -19 ESSENTIAL GOODS  
2.1.  One of the first steps that LDC  Members undertook in response to the global pandemic was the 
preparation of a national list of COVID -19 essential, critical or strategic goods. The identification of 
these products and their right classification in the national or regional tariff system w as needed to 
implement targeted trade policy measures that would ensure a rapid response to the pandemic, to 
adequately supply daily -consumption goods, and to ensure f ood security. It also served to the 
governments of these Members for adopting economic an d fiscal measures to sustain economic 
activities and the livelihood of people.  
2.2.  Based on the experiences shared by LDCs, some of the criteria used to define the national lists 
and identify which products were considered to be essential or critical to combat  the pandemic 
included:  
• Collaboration among national authorities (e.g., ministries, and agencies responsible for 
health) and/or creation of a national taskforce;  
 
1 This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and is without prejudice 
to the positions of Members or to their rights and obligations under the WTO.  
2 The first five experience sharing sessions took place on 4 March 2022, 26 April 2022, 18 July 2022, 
16 September 2022 and 21 November 2022, respectively. The summary reports are available in documents 
JOB/MA/152 , JOB/MA/152/Add.1 , JOB/MA/152/Add.2/Rev.1 , JOB/MA/152/Add.3 , and JOB/MA/152/Add.4 . 
3 Due to a connectivity  issue, Lesotho was not able to present at the meeting. Lesotho's presentation 
was incorporated in the summary report and is available in the Annex of this document.  
4 In the original language only.  JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  • Evaluation of current supply requirements, national consumption, as well as prices, of 
essenti al goods;  
• Consultations with relevant International Organizations and considering information made 
available by these organizations (e.g., World Customs Organization (WCO); World Health 
Organization (WHO); and WTO);  
• Consultations between government agencie s and the private sector and other non -state 
actors;  
• Consultations with regional partners and communities (e.g., Southern African Customs Union 
(SACU); Economic Community of West African States, (ECOWAS)).  
2.3.  For example, Lesotho established its national list  of essential goods following the declaration 
of the national lockdown. The list was developed based on supply requirements and national needs. 
Lesotho used the HS classification reference for COVID -19 medical supplies prepared jointly by the 
WCO and WHO5 and consolidated the list following consultation among several government agencies, 
such as the National Drug Service Organisation and the Ministry of Health, and in collaboration with 
the private sector and other non -state actors. The national list of Le sotho and the other lists 
developed by the members states of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU)  were then 
consolidated into one regional SACU list, which was however not prescriptive as each SACU member 
state could further fine -tune their list accor ding to their needs. The list included food; pharmaceutical 
products; mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials; chemicals and related products.  
2.4.  Niger also defined a national list of COVID -19 essential goods for the purpose of adopting 
specific measu res aimed at easing trade during the pandemic .6 The list included products such as 
COVID -19 test kits; thermometers; disinfectants and sanitizers; and medical supplies. These 
products were identified as "relief goods" and benefitted from tax exemption and  simplified customs 
treatment at the border.  
2.5.  Myanmar identified health aid equipment for prevention, control and treatment of COVID -19, 
medicines, and consumer goods essential to combat the pandemic. Myanmar's list further identified 
three sub -groups with different priorities for importation and distribution. The first sub -group 
incorporated goods needed in mass volume for the public; the second sub -group contained medical 
equipment used in hospitals, and the third sub -group included treatment medicine.  
2.1  The importance of internal coordination in preparing a response to the COVID -19 
pandemic  
2.6.  Several LDC Members highlighted the importance of close collaboration among domestic 
agencies and the establishment of national consultation mechanisms across various age ncies to 
make quick and informative decisions and deal with the negative impacts of the pandemic.  
2.7.  For example, Cambodia identified a list of strategic goods based on the work conducted by the 
inter-ministerial taskforce that had been set up to monitor the daily demand and supply of strategic 
goods to ensure their sustainable supplies and prices. This taskforce determined the types of 
strategic goods that were deemed essential for daily consumption during the COVID -19 pandemic. 
These included medical goods ( e.g., facemasks, medical equipment, PPE, cleaning alcohol) as well 
as food products, such as rice, salt, soy sauce, fish sauce, noodle, clean water, fish, meat, vegetable 
and oil. The taskforce also monitored the daily demand and supply of such goods to en sure 
sustainable supplies and stable prices and reviewed the list as the pandemic evolved.  
2.8.  Similarly, Lao PDR established a National Taskforce Committee for COVID -19 prevention and 
control. It was chaired by the former Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Fi nance and composed of 
representatives from various ministries. Lesotho also established a national COVID -19 Secretariat 
which dealt with the f ormulation of appropriate response strategies and policies, procurement of 
 
5 https://www.wcoomd.org/ -/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/covid_19/hs -
classification -reference_edition -3_en.pdf?la=en . 
6 See WTO document G/MA/W/183 . JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  essential goods (e.g., protective cloth ing, vaccines, testing and analysis equipment), and monitoring 
of COVID -19 spread and publishing of data.  
3  MEASURES USED BY LDCS TO EASE TRADE IN COVID -19 RELATED GOODS  
3.1.  To limit uncertainty and disruptions to supply chains, and to ensure adequate supply and  
distribution of essential, critical or strategic goods and stable prices on these goods, LDC Members 
adopted a wide range of trade easing measures. While some of these measures aimed at reducing 
and eliminating tariffs and internal taxes, other measures f ocused on simplifying and streamlining 
importation procedures and processes and introducing digital technology and solutions to expedite 
trade. In addition, some LDC Members set up specific measures and initiatives to improve the 
economic environment and a lleviate pressure on households and businesses, particularly micro, 
small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) (see para . 3.4  ). 
3.1  Tax-related measures  
3.2.  Tax-related measures adopted by LDC Members on COVID -19 essential products included the 
following7: 
• Temporary or permanent reduction, suspension, or elimination of customs duties on imports 
of essential goods (e.g., medical goods, PPE, goods used as industrial inputs and materials, 
daily-use goods, agricultural equipment;  
• Temporary relief from payment of customs duties and/or internal taxes, such as, V alue 
Added Tax (VAT), consumption tax, rental holidays, income tax, profit tax etc.;  
• Waiver or deferral of payments of customs duties and other taxes.  
3.3.  The level, the scope/coverage and duration of tax -related measures differed across LDC 
Members. For examp le, Myanmar reduced its customs tariff rate of 15% to 1.5% on supplements 
used in the healthcare sector; this measure was in force for eight months. In addition, Myanmar 
deferred corporate income tax payments and waived commercial taxes on medical supplies  and 
COVID -19 related products. Similarly, Bangladesh, on a temporary basis, eliminated import tariffs 
on protective garments, disinfectants, and COVID -19 test kits; imports of certain products were also 
exempted from value -added tax, advanced valued -added  tax, and advanced income tax.8 
3.4.  In a similar vein, Zambia, within its Economic Recovery Programme 2020 -2023 launched to 
guide policymakers and ease the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic, implemented a diverse 
range of measures. These included: (a) tax waivers for businesses (e.g., outstanding tax liabilities) 
to boost local production of essential goods ; (b) elimination of customs duties to ease the effects of 
COVID -19 pandemic (e.g., zero tariffs on medical supplies, sanitization equipment, etc.) ; (c) other 
tax-related measures on ethyl alcohol, petrol and diesel, fuel, copper ores and concentrates, and 
motor vehicles.  
3.5.  Cambodia revised down tariff rates and special taxes for imported goods, not only focusing on 
goods directly relating to the combat of C OVID -19 such as cleaning alcohol and rapid test but also 
goods used as industrial inputs and materials as well as daily -use goods with the aim to reduce 
production costs, particularly for MSMEs.  
3.6.  In Lao PDR, the National Taskforce Committee for COVID -19 Pre vention and Control also 
adopted tax -related measures to mitigate and reduce impacts on trade and supply chains, such as: 
exemption from customs duties, tax, and related official fees on medical devices and other 
products for prevention, control, and prepa ration with regard to COVID -19 (e.g., masks, 
sanitizers, medical equipment, and other necessary items); postponement of tax obligations for 
eligible business operators in the tourism industry; and postponement of the payment of annual 
road tax.  
 
7 See also section 2.1 in JOB/MA/152/Add.2 . 
8 See WTO d ocuments G/MA/W/156  and G/MA/W/159 . JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  3.2  Non-tariff measures  
3.7.  Besides  tax-related measures, LDC Members also implemented certain non -tariff measures, 
such as the simplification of administrative procedures and processes, reducing fees and charges for 
some of these procedures, streamlining the release and cle arance of products, and suspending audit 
procedures. These measures played a critical role in easing trade in COVID -19 essential goods and 
contributed to limit the pandemic's negative impact on LDC economies, which on a large extent 
depend on the importati on of such goods.  
3.8.  In particular, LDC Members highlighted the following non -tariff measures:  
• Introducing flexibility and simplifying documentation processes and procedures on both 
national and regional levels (e.g., issuance and acceptance of certificates o f origin, extending 
periods for submitting corrections to documentation requirements, processing of import 
documents and other required documents, expedited processing of imported food products, 
perishable goods, and inputs for industries);  
• Use of electron ic means and technological tools to approve procedures and issue documents 
– e.g., acceptance of scanned documents in advance of importation, issuance of certificates;  
• Facilitating processing of operations relating to the transit of goods to neighbouring 
countries;  
• Reducing fees for administrative procedures;  
• Temporary suspending on -site audits.  
3.9.  For example, Myanmar reduced its import licensing fees and temporarily eliminated import 
license fees on medical products, medicines and raw materials used in medic ines. In addition, fees 
for the application forms and services were reduced by 50% from the original rates. It also 
temporarily reduced demurrage charges by 50% for all imports and exports.9 To streamline the flow 
of essential goods, Myanmar released medicine and medical devices related to COVID -19 in the 
airport, seaports and borders area by undertaking letters.  
3.10.  Cambodia also provided flexibility to businesses and the trading community in re lation to the 
issuance and acceptance of certificates of origin, including;  accepting the scanned documents in 
advance and allowing exporters to submit the original documents later, as well as allowing the use 
of scanned copies of certificates of origin to  provisionally clear the goods subjected to the submission 
of the original certificates of origin within 45 days later. In a similar vein, Lesotho increased the use 
of electronic platforms for the submission of trade documents and payments.  
3.11.  Upon coordinati on at the regional level, customs authorities in Niger treated COVID -19 
essential goods as "relief" goods and granted them with a simplified customs procedure. This 
simplified customs procedure was part of a "Community Standard Operating Procedure" created  by 
ECOWAS in 2006 after the Ebola cris is. It allows all front -line border officials in ECOWAS members 
States (customs, immigration, health police, gendarmerie, etc.) to launch the appropriate procedure 
for the movement of emergency relief goods. In additi on to simplifying and streamlining 
administrative procedures, Niger also temporarily suspended on -site tax audits.  
3.3  Regional initiatives and impact on Landlocked Least  Developed Countries (LLDCs)  
3.12.  Several LDC  Members stressed the importance of regional coordination efforts in the response 
to the pandemic.  
3.13.  For example, ECOWAS members coordinated their efforts to control the spread of the 
pandemic. In cooperation with the WCO, the ECOWAS Commission worked on the  identification of 
tariff and statistical nomenclature for essential products that could be imported to combat the 
COVID -19 pandemic. Additionally, the ECOWAS Commission worked on a list of medical supplies 
 
9 Similar to Myanmar, Togo also tempo rarily suspended demurrage charges for holding containers and 
charges for parking  at container terminals . JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  based on the Common External Tariff (CET) that wa s sent to member States for appropriate action. 
Based on this list, ECOWAS member States implemented tax -related measures10 and simplified 
customs procedures to streamline the movement of essential COVID -19 related goods .11 
3.14.  Similarly, at the level of the West African Economic and Monetary Union  (WAEMU), some 
measures implemented by WAEMU members included, inter alia  (a) an increase in the liquidity 
volume in favour  of national banks ; (b) extension to the refinancing access for additional 2,700 
enterprises; (c) allocation of concession loans; (d) establishing a moratorium on the repayment of 
Niger's debts.  
3.15.  Regional coordination and integration efforts were particularly important for la ndlocked 
countries, who  depend heavily on connectivity within a region for access and transit of essential 
goods. As a collective and rapid response to combat COVID -19, Lao PDR and other regional partners 
issued a Joint Ministerial Statement affirming comm itment to ensuring supply chain connectivity and 
the importance of keeping supply chains open, especially freight connectivity, and not to impose 
non-tariff barriers such as export bans on medical and essential supplies during the COVID -19 
pandemic.  
3.16.  Both L ao PDR and Myanmar also joined the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the 
Implementation of Non -Tariff Measures on Essential Goods under the Hanoi Plan of Action on 
Strengthening ASEAN Economic Cooperation and Supply Chain Connectivity in Response to the  
COVID -19 Pandemic. This Memorandum aims to: (1) facilitate and reduce barriers to many essential 
goods; (2) forbid the introduction of new measures or the relaxation of existing measures to the 
extent that such measures are lifted; and (3) not create obst acles to trade and flow of essential 
goods in ASEAN in accordance with the rights and obligations of member States under the WTO, the 
ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) and other related international agreements. The 
Memorandum has a list of 351 essent ial goods covering medicines, medical equipment, food, 
agricultural products and animal feed, and some essential foods.12 
3.4  Specific measures in support of MSMEs and households  
3.17.  In addition to tariff and non -tariff-related measures, many LDC Members introduce d specific 
measures aimed at improving the economic environment and alleviating the pressure on households 
and businesses. Particularly, LDC Members highlighted the following measures:  
• Specific fiscal and monetary measures (e.g., lower bank deposit fees an d lending interest 
rates, subsidies, increase in the liquidity volume of banks, extensions of access to 
refinancing);  
• Developing and implementing relief/recovery plans and programmes aimed at increasing 
government spending on healthcare systems, medical an d food products;  
• Organising training activities for businesses (e.g., training on production standards);  
• Improving  access to new technologies and digital solutions.  
 
10 These included for instance: (a) temporary reduction, suspension, or elimination of customs duties on 
essential goods and food products; (b) temporary relief from payments of internal taxes on essential good and 
food products, such as VAT, withholding tax  (advance income tax) ; and (c) refrain from imposing export bans 
or taxes on COVID -19 essential goods and food products.  
11 These measures included, inter alia : (a) streamlining of trade procedures using digital tools ; (b) 
prioritising issuance and regulato ry approvals of imports of essential products, food and perishables; (c) 
recognising foreign standards (e.g. certificates) from accredited organisations in counties with similar or higher 
standards ; (d) implementing risk management systems to allow critica l low risk supplies to pass through 
customs clearance quickly ; (e) introducing expedited clearance of critical medical products, food products, and 
related inputs ; (f) ensuring border management coordinating both at policy (National Trade Facilitation 
Comm ittee) and at the operation levels (ports, airports, border crossing) to facilitate the import of essential 
supplies; (g) collaboration between internal and external border agencies; (h) extension of working hours of 
border agencies and introducing flexibl e working hours; (i) expanding access to telephone and online 
information points for trade -related information; (j) promoting the use of information technology to support 
trade (e.g., single window and trade information portals).  
12 https://asean.org/asean -mou-on-essential -goods -enters -into-force. JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  3.18.  For example, within its Economic Relief Plan, Myanmar provided innovative products and 
platforms to strengthen the healthcare system and increased the COVID -19 fund and contingency 
funds. Key relief measures for households and the self -employed included: (a) the promotion of low -
cost funding for microfinance institutions; (b) cash or lending sup port for smallholder farmers who 
have lost sales revenue or remittance income; (c) exemption from electricity tariffs for all households 
(excluding embassies and international organizations); (d)  provision of financial aid to most affected 
households throu gh mobile financial services. In addition, Myanmar allocated MMK 15 billion in loans 
from the COVID -19 Recovery Fund to companies from the Myanmar Rice Federation to meet their 
target acres of paddy fields and to support production.  
3.19.  Similarly, Bangladesh p rovided USD 2.1 billion financial support to  industries and households 
and Lao PDR introduced an income tax exemption for both private and public sector employees 
receiving a monthly salary below LAK 5 million.  
3.20.  Many of the support measures implemented by L DC Members specifically targeted SMEs and 
MSMEs. For example, to ensure the continued operations of its MSMEs, L ao PDR also implemented 
a number of financial support policies, such as profit tax exemption and/or postponement of tax 
payments . These measures also aimed at finding new markets and adjusting to the new reality so 
that they could rebuild their connections with former networks as the supply chains were disrupted.  
3.21.  Zambia took additional steps to facilitate the recovery of its MSMEs such as:  (a) improved 
access to financing through various financing instruments and new financing technologies ; 
(b) facilitating digitalization of manufacturing and marketing of products ; (c) facilitating market 
access for MSMEs by eliminating administrative barri ers; and (d) promoting the participation of these 
enterprises in public procurement and fostering innovation.  
4  LDC'S PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES WITH RESPECT TO TRADE RESTRICTIONS 
DURING THE PANDEMIC  
4.1.  At the session, LDC Members shared their experiences with r espect to trade restrictive 
measures that they adopted during the pandemic. These measures differed in their degree of 
stringency, coverage of products and duration, and were adopted with the objective to fight and 
prevent further spread of COVID -19, but a lso to secure domestic food security and sufficient supply 
of necessary items at sustainable prices. In addition, LDC Members shared their views on export 
restricting measures by other WTO Members that had an adverse impact on their economies.  
4.2.  Based on inf ormation shared at the session, LDC Members highlighted the following measures:  
• Export prohibitions/restrictions on a range of essential goods necessary to prevent and 
contain the spread of COVID -19, such as PPEs, disinfectants, medical goods and 
pharmaceu ticals;  
• Export restrictions/prohibitions on food products.  
4.3.  For example, Cambodia adopted temporary export and import restrictions, such as a temporary 
ban on exports of paddy rice and rice; a temporary export licensing requirement on all types of 
masks, hand sanitizers and disinfection spray; and a temporary impor t and export licensing 
requirement on all COVID -19 test kits. These measures aimed at securing domestic food security 
and a sufficient supply of necessary items to fight and prevent the further spread of COVID -19. Most 
of these measures were removed within  serval months, and once the situation had improved all 
these measures were terminated. Similarly, Bangladesh introduced a temporary export prohibition 
on surgical masks, face masks, and disinfectants (hand sanitizers) which lasted from 12 March 2020 
to 2 April 2020 and was notified to the WTO .13 
4.4.  Myanmar introduced export restriction measures on rice during the COVID -19 period. Its main 
concern was a shortage of rice supply, rising inflation, growing concerns over food security, impact 
on the welfare of hou seholds, and the stability of the domestic socio -economic situation. These 
 
13 Document G/MA/QR/N/BGD/1 . JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  measures were reviewed over time and were terminated once the epidemiological situation had 
improved, the rate of infections had fallen, and international borders had reopened.  
4.5.  LDC Members also emphasized the impact of trade restrictive measures imposed by other 
Members. These measures had an adverse effect on the production and access to critical medical 
goods and basic food products, which was particularly felt by Members that are dependant from 
imports of such products or have limitations to its access, as in the case of land -locked countries. 
LDC Members pointed out that WTO Members should, to the extent possible, refrain from the 
introduction of trade restrictive measures, as the y often lead to increased uncertainty, shortage of 
supplies, disruption in production of these goods, and rising inflation and price volatility.  
5  LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE COVID -19 PANDEMIC  
5.1.  LDC Members have shared a number of lessons from the COVID -19 pandem ic which can be 
summarized as follows (non -exhaustive list).  
5.1  Importance of national, bilateral and regional cooperation and coordination  
5.2.  Several LDC Members stressed the importance of national, bilateral and regional coordination 
and cooperation efforts to  address shortages of essential goods during crises. Some LDC Members  
established or strengthened national coordination mechanisms to elaborate their response to the 
pandemic in a timely manner.  
5.3.   In particular, LDC Members mentioned:  
• Establishing and/or st rengthening cross -agencies and cross -departmental 
coordination and efforts to keep abreast of the situation and make informed decisions 
on the current measures;  
• Ensuring that there was an emergency committee/working group set up to coordinate 
actions of al l the agencies;  
• Establishing of regional initiatives to ensure smooth flow of essential goods and prevent 
supply disruption across the region;  
• Establishing and strengthening regular communication and cooperation with the 
private sector with the objective to obtain more timely and precise information.  
5.2  Enhance international cooperation  
5.4.  LDC Members stressed the important role played by the international community during crises 
and suggested to following lessons learned in the case of future emergencies:  
• Improve cooperation with other international organisations to publish essential 
product l ist; 
• Enhance information sharing on measures taken by Members;  
• Facilitate discussions to solve global trade challenges;  
• Ensure the provision of up -to-date data to facilitate decision -making;  
• Building on and expanding cooperation mechanisms across Members;  
• Establishing funding mechanisms to quickly respond to emergencies, crises ad natural 
disasters.  JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  5.3  Support  digitalization and innovation  
5.5.  LDC Members emphasized the important role of digital transformation while stressing the digital 
divide that is highly prev alent. In their view, t he international community plays a key role in 
facilitating dialogue and collaboration among Members for the design and implementation of global 
rules for more inclusive digitalization. In particular, LDC Members highlighted the foll owing:  
• Increased use of digital platforms to submit and issue trade documents;  
• Digitisation and Digitalisation of data: up -to date data is essential to facilitate decision 
making and innovative ways to collect data should be found;  
• Importance of a conduciv e multilateral trade framework for the promotion of digital 
inclusion;  
• Enhanced  collaboration and global dialogue are needed in areas related to digitalization, 
bridging the digital divide and digital economy more broadly;  
• Importance  of digital connectivit y that should be accessed by all. Access to digital devices 
and connectivity tools allows economic operators to continue to carry out business through 
e-commerce, even during lockdowns.  
5.6.  In this context, L ao PDR mentioned its participation in the WTO Inform ation Technology 
Agreement (ITA) and the ITA Expansion, and how the legal and policy framework provided by these 
agreements would help L ao PDR to attract more trade and investment in the ICT sector to achieve 
its digital economy and digital transformation agendas.  
5.4  Export prohibitions and restrictions  
5.7.  Several LDCs emphasized that WTO Members should refrain from imposing export prohibitions 
and restrictions under Article XI GATT 1994 during times of crisis. These restrictions have an adverse 
impact on other g lobal economies potentially dependent on exports of these goods. If these 
measures are necessary, they should be targeted, proportionate and temporary.  
5.5  Enhance experience sharing at the WTO  
5.8.  LDC Members also pointed out to the important role played by the W TO in providing information 
during the pandemic and suggested concrete actions that could be taken, including within the 
framework of the Committee on Market Access, such as:  
• Encourage Members to continue sharing information on trade measures with an 
objec tive to identify common practices and workable solutions;  
• Continue to share information to support the decision -making processes on trade 
policy measures;  
• Engage the private sector in the discussions in order to reflect their inputs in the work 
of the CMA. JOB/MA/152/Add.5  
 
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  ANNEX  
PRESENTATIONS BY MEMBERS  
PRESENTATION BY BANGLADESH  
 
 
 
 
 
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  PRESENTATION BY CAMBODIA  
 
  
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  PRESENTATION BY LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC  
 
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  PRESENTATION BY LESOTHO  
 
 
 
 
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  PRESENTATION BY MYANMAR  
 
 
 
 
  
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  PRESENTATION BY NIGER  
 
 
 
 
 
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  PRESENTATION BY TOGO  
 
 
 
 
 
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  PRESENTATION BY THE UNITED KINGDOM  
 
 
 
 
 
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  PRESENTATION BY ZAMBIA  
 
 
 
 
 
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