WT/TPR/M/451  
2 April 2024 
(24-2813) Page: 1/51 
Trade Policy Review Body   
11 and 13 December 2023  
  
TRADE POLICY REVIEW  
CHILE 
MINUTES OF THE MEETING  
Chairperson: H.E. Mr Saqer Abdullah Almoqbel (Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia ) 
CONTENTS  
 
1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .......................  2 
2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE ................................ ..........  4 
3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  ................................ ................................ ................  7 
4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  ................................ ................................ ........................  10 
5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE  AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS  .............  44 
6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  ................................ .........................  50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO  Member s, and the replies 
provided by  Chile are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M /451/Add.1  and will be available online at 
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm . WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  1  INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
1.1.  The sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile was held on 11 and 13  December  2023. The Chairperson, 
H.E. Mr Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel (Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia), welcomed the delegation of Chile, 
headed by H.E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza , Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations of 
Chile; H.E. Ambassador Dr  Sofía Boza Martínez, Permanent Representative of Chile to the WTO;  the 
rest of the delegation; and the discussant, H.E. Ambassador  Tan Hung  Seng (Singapore) . 
1.2.  The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited 
from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership.  
1.3.  The C hairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the 
meeting. The Report by Chile is contained in document WT/TPR/G/ 451, and that of the 
WTO Secretariat in document WT/TPR/S/ 451. 
1.4.  Questions by the following delegations were su bmitted in writing before the deadline: 
Singapore, Thailand, Guatemala, Australia, Philippines, Colombia, New  Zealand, Brazil, India, 
European  Union, Japan, Switzerland, Costa  Rica, Argentina, United  Kingdom, Dominican  Republic, 
and Canada.  The following d elegations submitted written questions after the deadline: Malaysia, 
China, Türkiye , Republic  of Korea, Ecuador, Ukraine, and United  States.  
1.5.  The Chairperson first recalled some elements of Chile's previous Review and developments 
since then, as well as identified  some key issues arising from the advance written questions 
submitted by Members for this TPR.  
1.6.  During the previous Review  in 2015, Members commended Chile for its overall open, 
transparent, and predictable trade and investment regimes. They highlighted the resilience and quick 
recovery of its economy following the global economic crisis of 2007 and the progress made in 
reducing poverty.  
1.7.  At that time, Members appreciated Chile's co nstructive engagement at the WTO, and its efforts 
to further liberalize its trade with the globe. Moreover, Members noted several positive 
developments, such as the reduction of the duration of anti -dumping and countervailing measures, 
the steps taken towa rds reinforcing the competition regime, the progress made to implement 
international standards for the financial sector, and the adoption of trade facilitation measures, 
notably the implementation of a single window for exports.  
1.8.  Amidst th e positive assess ment, some concerns were raised regarding Chile's continued use of 
a price band system for certain agricultural goods, the complexity of the rules of origin under its 
RTAs, the obligation to use a Chilean customs agent for clearance, the high degree of pro duct and 
market concentration in trade, food labelling requirements, and the protection of certain intellectual 
property rights. Members also sought information about Chile's support programmes for exports and 
about the notification of certain sector -specific programmes. Chile was encouraged to become a 
party to the GPA and to ratify the TFA.  
1.9.  For th e current  Review, Chile maintained a stable and open trade regime, while also addressing 
the new development, technological, and environmental challenges facing its economy. In this 
regard, Chile has taken steps  to modernize its RTAs by introducing provisions on  different topics 
such as  SMEs, environment, and digital trade.  
1.10.   During the review period, Chile also reformed its investment regime, continued the 
simplifi cation and digitization of its customs processes, and ratified the  TFA in 2016 , modernized the 
rules of origin in some of its RTAs , simplified their administration, and introduced further reforms in 
the areas of competition, intellectual property, and fina ncial services to align its national legislation 
with international standards. Likewise, Chile adopted a number of measures in the energy and 
mining sectors, notably those aimed at increasing the use of renewable energies and the 
development of the lithium  industry.  
1.11.   Furthermore, Chile has benefited greatly from its openness and integration into the world 
economy, receiving large FDI flows and achieving one of the highest GDP per  capita in Latin  America WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  with some remaining challenges such as reducing heavy r eliance on the copper sector and 
diversifying its exports.  
1.12.   In the advance written questions, Members showed keen interest in a wide range of issues, 
some of which were discussed in the previous Review such as the obligation to use a custom agent 
for cleara nce procedures, the price band system, labelling requirements, IP  enforcement, gender 
and environment, Chile 's energy transition, its green taxation regime, Chile's trade diversification 
strategy, and its plans to accede to the GPA.  
1.13.   Members sought further information on some topics such as Chile's investment promotion 
strategies, the development of regional and global value chains, the VAT regime, state -owned 
enterprises, Chile 's National Lithium Strategy, and its ports regulatory frameworks.  
1.14.   In total, Chil e received 427 advance  written questions from  24 delegations  for this review, 
out of which  288 questions from  17 delegations were sent within the established deadline. Prior to 
the meeting, Chile provided written replies to all questions submitted within the established deadline . 
1.15.   The meeting w as a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest 
to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral tradi ng system. The Chairperson looked 
forward to a fruitful exchange.  
1.16.   The Chairperson closed his introductory remarks by wishing Chile a very successful 
sixth Trade  Policy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  2  OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE (H.E.  MS CLAUDIA  SANHUEZA)  
2.1.  Distinguished Ambassadors and delegates, it is a pleasure and a joy to be here today in this 
important multilateral organization.  
2.2.  First of all, let me express my gratitude to the Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body, 
Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel, as w ell as to all the delegations that have shown interest in 
this review. I am also grateful for the collaboration with the Secretariat, which helped us to produce 
a comprehensive report and has been a support throughout the process. I wish to acknowledge the  
Ambassador of Singapore, Tan  Hung  Seng, for taking on the role of discussant in this review.  
2.3.  The World Trade Organization's trade policy review has become a fundamental pillar for the 
promotion of fair and transparent trade practices globally. This detail ed analysis not only fosters the 
accountability of Members but also strengthens international cooperation by providing a space for 
the constructive exchange of information and viewpoints.  
2.4.  Chile's macroeconomic policy is based on inflation targets, a floati ng exchange rate, a 
responsible tax policy and financial regulation.  
2.5.  The country's GDP per  capita is one of the highest in Latin  America, reaching USD  15,162 
in 2022. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Chile's GDP per  capita in purchasing 
power parity terms was USD  29,083 in the same year. After years of fiscal deficit, Chile successfully 
completed one of the most in -depth fiscal consolidation processes in the world, achieving a surplus 
of 1.1% of GDP in 2022.  
2.6.  During the review period, Chile's institutional trade policy framework was strengthened, with 
one milestone being the creation, in 2018, of the Under -Secretariat for International Economic 
Relations (SUBREI) under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. SUBREI's mission is to cont ribute to the 
country's economic development by designing and implementing policies aimed at steering and 
strengthening international economic relations in order to consolidate Chile's global integration; this 
is achieved by negotiating, administering and implementing international economic treaties, actively 
participating in the international for a and entities that shape the rules of international trade, and 
ensuring that the benefits and opportunities of international economic relations enhance the 
well-being of Chile's entire population.  
2.7.  The Chilean economy is deeply integrated into international markets.  
2.8.  We currently have 33 active trade agreements with 65 economies, covering 88% of the world's 
GDP, and 96% of our foreign trade goes to countries with which we have agreements. Of these 
agreements, 25 are with individual economies, while the rest are agreements with economic blocs.  
2.9.  In addition to opening up to foreign trade, promoting our exports and attracting investment, 
the Government is currently pri oritizing productivity, inclusiveness and sustainability in its trade 
policy. This is reflected in three work programmes that the Government launched this year. With 
regard to productivity, we have developed national strategies for lithium and green hydrog en that 
incorporate the idea of attracting foreign direct investment that generates added value. In addition, 
the Feminist Foreign Policy, one of the cornerstones of which is "gender and trade", seeks to remove 
barriers to women's full participation in the  economy. Lastly, at the recent COP28, we unveiled our 
Turquoise Foreign Policy, the aim of which is to seek out opportunities and solutions to address the 
triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution.  
2.10.   Chile's international tr ade rose from 59% of GDP in 2015 to 75% in 2022, which is above the 
regional and global average. Chile also stands out as a result of its unilateral opening, with its 
most-favoured -nation tariff remaining at 6%. Despite this, the effective tariff was 0.71%  in 2022 
and the average effective ad valorem  tariff was 0.77%. This is thanks to the various bilateral and 
plurilateral agreements negotiated with our trading partners in recent decades.  
2.11.   In terms of foreign direct investment (FDI), Chile has positioned it self as one of the main 
recipients of FDI flows in the region, mainly due to its strong political and institutional framework 
and the positive perception of its macroeconomic environment. FDI inflows between 2015 and 2021 
amounted to USD  80,345  million, wh ile the FDI stock stood at USD  251,224  million at the end WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  of 2021. In 2022, FDI fell by 12% globally; however, Chile attracted 9% of the total investment in 
Latin America, putting it in third place within the region. Chile ranked first in terms of investme nt as 
a percentage of GDP, with FDI amounting to 6.9% of GDP.  
2.12.   Chile honours its international commitments, particularly its WTO commitments. We pay 
particular attention to ensuring we are up to date with our notifications, as transparency is a 
fundamental component of the multilateral trading system. In this regard, I can report that we have 
completed the update to our intellectual property notifications, which were formally submitted to 
Members during the 3rd regular session of the TRIPS Council, held on 3 0 October  2023. This year, 
we have submitted a total of 40 notifications relating to intellectual property.  
2.13.   We also play an active role in the regular work of the Organization, working in coordination 
with our Mission in Geneva to follow up on all matters.  Chile has participated in various negotiating 
bodies, including the plurilateral bodies relating to e -commerce, services domestic regulation, and 
investment facilitation for development. In this last area, Chile is actively working to integrate the 
Invest ment Facilitation for Development Agreement into the WTO's legal structure. Furthermore, we 
are heavily involved in the Informal Working Groups on Micro, Small and Medium -sized Enterprises 
(MSMEs) and on Trade and Gender. We also seek to make a significant  contribution to the WTO's 
various environmental initiatives, such as the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured 
Discussions, the Informal Dialogue on Plastics Pollution, and the Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform.  
2.14.   Following the Twelfth Ministerial Conf erence (MC12), Chile has continued to be involved in the 
Organization's reform processes and has participated in groups looking to strengthen the multilateral 
system, such as the Ottawa Group, the Cairns Group, GRULAC, and, more recently, the Latin  Group. 
I can inform you that in October of this year we completed the legislative process for the ratification 
of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, which was unanimously adopted by both houses of our 
National Congress. Committed to the multilateral trading sy stem and to ensuring the sustainability 
of the oceans, Chile will tomorrow submit the instrument of acceptance of the Protocol to amend 
Annex  1A of the WTO Agreement by inserting the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.  
2.15.   For Chile, the Thirteenth Ministerial C onference (MC13) will be a moment to move forward on 
crucial issues, particularly WTO reform, since a successful reform process will strengthen the 
multilateral trading system. In this context, we wish to contribute to strengthening the WTO, 
providing it w ith the tools and bodies necessary to address current trends and challenges in 
international trade. In the short term, our focus is on the deliberative function and on reviving the 
dispute settlement system, maintaining the e -commerce moratorium, completin g the second phase 
of the fisheries subsidies negotiations and achieving substantial results in the negotiations on 
agriculture. We also see an opportunity to advocate for a more sustainable and inclusive multilateral 
trading system that is aligned with st rategies relating to productive development, the inclusion of 
traditionally excluded groups such as women and small businesses, and multilateral cooperation.  
2.16.   Chile has sought to ramp up its integration into global value chains and in recent years has 
taken  steps to improve its positioning in these value chains, with a view to creating goods with 
greater value added.  
2.17.   The Pacific  Alliance, which comprises Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, entered into force 
in 2015 with the aim of achieving deep and progressi ve integration, including the free movement of 
goods, services, resources and people. The Alliance seeks to drive further growth, development and 
competitiveness among its members and promote well -being and social inclusion. The aim is for it 
to be an econ omic and trade platform with global reach; achievements include the Declaration of 
the Pacific Alliance on Gender Equality, the Roadmap for the Sustainable Management of Plastics, 
and the Presidential Declaration on the Development of the Regional Digital Market. On the digital 
front, we also signed a Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) with New  Zealand and 
Singapore to facilitate the export of digital products and services and promote business certainty 
and inclusive opportunities.  
2.18.   Chile has taken  on the challenge of facilitating small companies' access to export opportunities 
by expanding their supply and diversifying their markets. The aim of this initiative is to boost growth 
in foreign trade for small and medium -sized enterprises, improve their  access to global opportunities 
and maximize the benefits of national and international trade agreements. Between 2015 and 2022, 
Chile worked to incorporate chapters on MSMEs into its trade agreements with other countries in the WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  region, such as Uruguay, Ar gentina, Brazil and Ecuador, and into the Comprehensive and Progressive 
Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership. These chapters underscore Chile's commitment to 
improving MSMEs' access to existing trade opportunities and expanding their participation in 
international trade. Drawing on this experience, we hope to contribute to WTO initiatives to help 
MSMEs play a more active role in global trade.  
2.19.   Chile is strongly committed to gender aspects of international trade. In 2018, together with 
New Zealand and Cana da, we signed the Joint Declaration on Fostering Progressive and Inclusive 
Trade, which led to the Inclusive Trade Action Group and the Global Trade and Gender Arrangement. 
The aim is to promote broader social and environmental objectives and ensure that t he benefits of 
trade and investment are widely shared.  
2.20.   Specific gender and trade chapters have been incorporated into our trade agreements. In the 
period 2015 -22, key progress was made on gender -related trade provisions, promoting their 
application in bila teral, regional and multilateral negotiations.  
2.21.   As already mentioned, Chile recently unveiled its Feminist Foreign Policy, the aim of which is 
to remove barriers to women's full participation in the international economy, particularly 
international trade.  
2.22.   As regards environmental sustainability, the update to the Advanced Framework Agreement 
with the European  Union, which will soon be signed, includes a chapter on trade and sustainable 
development. The aim of this chapter is to take steps to combat climate c hange, promote the 
transition to a low -carbon economy and commit to the core standards of the International Labour 
Organization (ILO). The Agreement also contains a specific chapter on trade and gender and 
recognizes the importance of small and medium -sized enterprises.  
2.23.   Looking to the future, Chile is emerging as a key player in the transition to a low -carbon global 
economy, thanks to its vast renewable energy potential and its mineral resources, primarily copper 
and lithium. With an abundance of natural re sources, Chile is strategically positioned to be a leader 
in renewable energy production and exportation, contributing significantly to reducing carbon 
emissions globally. Its commitment to developing clean energy sources, such as solar, wind and 
hydroelec tric energy, has turned Chile into a key player in the generation of sustainable electricity. 
In addition, the availability of copper and lithium – minerals essential to the production of clean 
technologies and electric vehicles – has strengthened Chile's position in the global supply chain for 
the transition towards electric travel and the decarbonization of various industries. The national 
energy, hydrogen, mineral and lithium strategies that we have developed, together with our trade 
policy, will play a crucial role in adding value to and diversifying Chile's production matrix, as well 
as in creating new opportunities for human, economic and technological development under a 
system of responsible business conduct.  
2.24.   Lastly, I would like to highlight the imp ortance of the World Trade Organization as the only 
international body responsible for establishing rules for trade between countries. We sincerely 
appreciate the Trade Policy Review Mechanism, which strengthens the transparency of this process, 
and are gr ateful to the other WTO  Member s for their interest and the valuable comments that we 
have received. We are working to answer all of the questions submitted; we have already replied to 
some of them and will respond to the others in due course. By taking par t in another trade policy 
review following the 2015 Review, we have reaffirmed our commitment to multilateral cooperation 
and to ensuring fairer and more inclusive and sustainable global trade that enables the development 
of all countries. Thank you.  
  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  3  STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT  
3.1.  Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the Chilean delegation led by 
Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, Mrs  Claudia  Sanhueza. Although Singapore 
and Chile lie on opposite sides of the Pacific  Ocean, 16,500  km apart, we are like -minded and share 
a common commitment to support and strengthen the rules -based multilateral trading system. At 
the WTO, Chile and Singapore are among the "Friends of the System" . We participate in all the joint 
statement initiatives (JSI) and are Members of the Multi -Party Interim Arbitration (MPIA). Hence, 
I am pleased to act as the discussant for Chile's sixth  Trade Policy Review.  
3.2.  In preparation for today's Review, I have found the detailed and substantive reports prepared 
by Chile and the Secretariat to be insightful and invaluable in helping me to gain a deeper 
understanding of Chile's economic and trade policies. I must also thank Undersecretary 
Claudia  Sanhueza  for providing a comprehensive overview of Chile 's economic performance and 
evolution of its trade policies from 2015 to 2023.  
3.3.  I would like to structure my comments around three broad questions, which I hope will help to 
facilitate our discussion by establishing a connection between Chile's fifth  TPR i n 2015 and its 
sixth TPR in 2023.  
3.4.  First, how has Chile performed since the last TPR in 2015? In a nutshell, Chile has enjoyed 
strong economic performance over the eight -year period between 2015 and 2023. Chile enjoys one 
of the highest GDP per  capita in L atin America and its economy has grown steadily between 2015 
and 2020, when the COVID -19 pandemic struck. The three key pillars of Chile 's economy are 
services, mining and manufacturing, which collectively account for approximately 80% of Chile 's 
GDP in 20 22. Chile also continues to receive large FDI inflows, valued at US D 80 billion during the 
review period.  
3.5.  Like the rest of the world, Chile was hit by the COVID -19 pandemic in 2020. Due to the impact 
of the pandemic, Chile's GDP fell by 6.1% in 2020. Give n its open economy, a key challenge for 
Chile was to cushion the external macro -economic shocks.  
3.6.  Against the challenging backdrop, I must commend Chile for its resilience and for turning 
adversity into opportunities.  The Government responded swiftly and a dopted nimble policies that 
allowed Chile to weather the economic impact of the pandemic. In particular, the 
Chilean  Government swiftly announced a fiscal stimulus package to achieve three objectives. One, 
to boost the public health budget to respond to th e health crisis. Two, to provide workers with a 
social safety net through measures such as unemployment insurance benefits. Three, to support 
micro, small and medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs) and help them get through the pandemic by 
implementing emergency  credit programmes and tax concessions. In addition, the Central  Bank 
worked closely with the Financial Market Commission to implement measures to increase the flow 
of credit to companies and consumers. As a result, in 2021, the Chilean economy was able to  rebound 
and GDP grew by over 11%, which exceeded pre -pandemic levels. However, fiscal deficit also 
increased as a result of greater government expenditures.  
3.7.  Beyond responding to the challenges thrown up by the COVID -19 pandemic, Chile had the 
foresight to prepare itself to face the challenges of the 21st century, including digital transformation 
and sustainable development. For instance, Chile concluded a Digital Economy Partnership 
Agreement (DEPA) with New  Zealand and Singapore in 2020, that will better position Chile to ride 
the wave of digitali zation. The DEPA is more ambitious than most FTAs and addresses critical 
e-commerce issues such as regulatory technology (RegTech), and cooperation in artificial 
intelligence and digital inclusion.  
3.8.  In terms of sustainable development, Chile has ensured that around two -thirds of its FTAs 
(which numbers more than  20) incorporate provisions on environmental sustainability. In addition, 
Chile adopted the Framework Law on Climate Change  in June  2022, whic h aims to achieve carbon 
neutrality by 2050, thereby making Chile the first developing Member to write carbon neutrality into 
its laws. These policies have positioned Chile to be more resilient and better prepared for the future.  
3.9.  Second, how has Chile res ponded to issues raised at the 2015 TPR? During the last TPR, 
Members posed over 300 questions that touched broadly on three key areas. One, how has Chile WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  further liberalized trade with Members in the Asia  Pacific region? Two, how has Chile strengthened 
its commitment to the multilateral trading system? Three, how has Chile 's investment and trade 
regimes complied with its international commitments and avoid being unnecessarily trade 
restrictive? Overall, Chile provided substantive responses to the questions  posed by Members. 
As these are important issues, let me briefly address each of them.  
• One, some Members highlighted in 2015 that Chile needed to strengthen its trade linkages 
with Asia Pacific. Since then, the Chilean Government had made considerable prog ress and 
concluded trade agreements with Members in the Asia -Pacific region, including Indonesia 
and Thailand, as well as ratifying the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the 
Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). The entry into force of CPTPP following four long years of 
legislative debates represented a historic milestone for Chile.  
• Two, some Members urged Chile to join the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) as 
well as ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), as a demonstration of its continued 
commitment to the multilateral trading system. Reflecting its seriousness in addressing 
Members ' questions, Chile responded swiftly by ratifying the TFA in 2016, hot on the heels 
of its TPR in 2015. However, I note that Chile has yet to become a Party to the GPA. Hence, 
several Members have raised this issue again in this year 's TPR and I hope that Chile 's 
response towards the GPA will be equally swift.  
• Three, Members had also posed que stions concerning Chile 's investment framework as well 
as trade policies. One specific area of concern was Chile 's food labelling requirement, which 
many Members regarded as trade restrictive and went beyond the requirements needed to 
fulfil legitimate pub lic health objectives. In its robust response, Chile had argued that its 
in-depth analysis and policy formulation process had ensured that the regulations did not 
impose excessive restrictions on trade Chile had also offered to continue dialogue on this 
issue. I understand that no delegations had raised further questions in this round of TPR, 
which may suggest that this issue has been resolved.  
3.10.   Let us now move on to the third and last question – what are the key issues that have been 
highlighted at this ye ar's TPR? On the basis of around 400  questions that have been received from 
22 Members, it is clear that Members continue to be largely interested in similar issues. Essentially, 
three broad categories can be identified.  
3.11.   One, given the rapid pace of digita l transformation, it is unsurprising that many Members 
have continued to seek more information about Chile 's approach towards digital trade. Several 
Members asked about the "impact " of Chile 's ratification of DEPA and other FTAs which contain 
e-commerce ch apters. Members were also curious about Chile 's plans to facilitate trade through 
forging links between the e -payments systems of Chile and other Members.  
3.12.   Two, Members continued to be interested in Chile 's intellectual property (IP) regime. Members 
have s ought more information on Chile 's Intellectual Property Crimes Unit and raised questions 
around the effectiveness of its Copyright Law and how it safeguards against digital piracy and illegal 
content on the Internet. As Chile has undertaken significant leg islative reforms aimed at 
strengthening its IP regime, some Members have also asked how these reforms have impacted IP 
rights holder in Chile.  
3.13.   Three, Members are also interested in finding out more about the future priorities of Chile. 
Apart from question s over Chile 's post -pandemic economic policies, climate change and sustainable 
development are key areas that have featured prominently in the questions. Many Members also 
posed questions on specific sectoral policies, including Chile 's National Lithium St rategy and National 
Mining Policy 2050, and how these policies would support Chile 's carbon neutrality goals. As certain 
investment projects may require an environmental impact assessment, several Members have also 
sought more clarity on these policies. I am certain that the responses from Chile will be closely 
scrutini zed by Members .  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  3.14.   In conclusion, allow me to circle back to the three questions that I have posed and provide 
the following short answers:  
• First, Chile has performed well since its last TPR in 2015, especially against the backdrop of 
the economic challenges arising from th e COVID -19 pandemic.  
• Second, Chile has taken concrete steps to respond to many key issues that Members raised 
in 2015 and underlined its continued commitment to support the WTO and the rules -based 
multilateral trading system.  
• Third, Members continue to be interest ed in Chile 's strategy and policies concerning digital 
trade, IP, and sustainability, while also seeking more information on how Chile will drive its 
future economic priorities.  
3.15.   Before closing, it will be remiss of me if I do not commend Chile for  its active role and 
multi-faceted contributions at the WTO. Chile's leadership, together with the Republic  of Korea , in 
steering the joint statement initiative (JSI) on investment facilitation for development deserves 
special mention. The Chilean Mission to WTO that is ably led by Ambassador Sof ía Boza must also 
be commended for their active and constructive role.  
3.16.   I wish Chile every success for its sixth  TPR. 
  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4  STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS  
SINGAPORE  
4.1.  Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the Chilean delegation led by 
Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations , Mrs Claudia  Sanhueza. I would like to express 
our appreciation to Chile for the comprehensive Government Report and statement, as well as the 
Secretariat for its detailed Report. I would also like to thank the Chair, Ambassador Saqer  Almoqbel 
(Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia), and the discussant, Ambassador Tan Hung  Seng for their insightful 
statements. Allow me to make three points.  
4.2.  First, Singapore commends Chile for her continued com mitment to trade liberalization and the 
rules-based multilateral trading system, despite global headwinds caused by the COVID -19 
pandemic and geopolitical challenges. As highlighted in the Government Report, the Chilean 
Government 's "permanent trade policy  objective " is focused on trade liberalization, export promotion 
and investment attraction – while ensuring inclusive trade through the empowerment of women, 
increased participation of SMEs in global value chains, as well as focus on environmentally and 
socially sustainable development. With these as its lodestar, Chile has also concluded an extensive 
network of 26  FTAs with 64  markets, which has further reinforced its regional and global 
competitiveness to global businesses. Chile 's active and valued parti cipation in international 
organi zations such as the WTO, APEC, OECD and WIPO has further reinforced its role and 
thought -leadership in the global community.  
4.3.  Second, despite our geographical distance, Chile is Singapore 's seventh  largest trading partner 
in the Latin  America and Caribbean region. Notably, bilateral trade in goods grew by more than 80% 
to reach USD  371 million in 2022, while trade in services grew more than 26% to reach 
USD 670 million. Prominent Singapore companies operating in Chi le span the gamut from logistics, 
food manufacturing and IT services. Apart from the warm trade relations, Chile and Singapore work 
closely together at several multilateral fora, and Chile is often a likeminded partner in first -mover 
trade agreements given  its open economy and progressive economic policies. Good examples of 
such cooperation include the CPTPP, our MOU on Carbon Credits Collaboration; and the Digital 
Economy Partnership Agreement  (DEPA), where Singapore, Chile and New  Zealand signed onto a 
common framework for further collaboration in emerging areas that affect digital trade such as 
artificial intelligence  (AI), digital identities, and cybersecurity. Chile is also a founding member of 
the Pacific  Alliance, with whom Singapore had signed a Free  Trade Agreement in January  2022. 
When in force, the Pacific  Alliance -Singapore Free Trade Agreement (PASFTA) will strengthen the 
trade architecture between our countries and regions, and boost investor confidence in each other 's 
markets. This will allow e ven more Singapore companies to use Chile as a hub for its operations in 
Latin America.  
4.4.  Third, Singapore commends Chile 's continued commitment and contribution to the rules -based 
multilateral trading system as embodied by the WTO. Chile has been an active  participant in various 
joint statement initiatives (JSIs) and in particular, co -coordinates the Joint Initiative on Investment 
Facilitation for Development (IFD), which reached its successful conclusion in July  2023; further 
demonstrating that WTO  Members  are able to work together to address new and globally relevant 
issues. Its active participation in and contribution to Informal Working Groups on Micro, Small and 
Medium -sized Enterprises (MSMEs), and on Trade and Gender further reinforce its integral rol e in 
this Organization.  
4.5.  In closing, Singapore looks forward to continuing working closely with Ambassador Sof ía Boza 
and her Mission, to advance our mutual goal of strengthening the rules -based multilateral trading 
system. We  wish Chile every success for its sixth  TPR. 
THAILAND  
4.6.  Thailand is pleased to participate in Chile's sixth Trade Policy Review  and extends a warm 
welcome to the esteemed delegation led by H . E. Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for 
International  Economic Relations of Chile.  
4.7.  We express sincere appreciation to Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel from the Kingdom  of 
Saudi  Arabia for the  introductory remarks and Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng from  Singapore for WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  offering insightful analyses of Chile's economic and  trade policies. Furthermore, we commend the 
thorough efforts of  both the WTO  Secretariat and Chile in preparing the comprehensive  Reports.  
4.8.  My delegation would like to present some observations on Chile 's trade policies.  
4.9.  First of all, Thailand and Chile have maintained a c ordial  relationship that mutually serves their 
interests since the  establishment of diplomatic ties on 29  October  1962.  Acknowledging this 
enduring connection, both nations have jointly  commemorated the 60th anniversary of their 
diplomatic relations  in 202 2. 
4.10.   Chile stands as Thailand's third -largest trading partner in  South  America, with a total trade 
value of USD  1.29 billion in  2022. This marked a historic peak in our bilateral trade,  showcasing an 
annual average growth rate of 5.5% since the  previous Chilean Trade Policy Review conducted 
in 2015. Key  commodities exchanged between the two nations encompass  copper, vehicles, and 
seafood, particularly Atlantic salmon.  
4.11.   The Free Trade Agreement between Thailand and Chile,  signed on 4  October  2013, has 
significantly contributed to  the growth of our bilateral trade, witnessing an annual  average increase 
of 4.4 % since its implementation.  Notably, all products covered by the FTA have now enjoyed a  0% 
tax rate since January  2023. Both nations actively  support the diversification of traded goods, aiming 
to fully  exploit the advantages offered by the FTA. In this regard, we  are pleased to announce that 
our FTA has, by and large, been  fully utilized by our traders for all eligible products.  
4.12.   Thailand notes Ch ile's vast mining resources such as  copper and lithium and acknowledges its 
capability to  emerge as a prominent global player in energy transition  and electromobility initiatives. 
We take note of Chile's  strategic steps, such as the adoption of the Nationa l Green  Hydrogen Strategy 
2022 and the National Lithium Strategy  2023, which are poised to significantly impact the nation's  
trajectory. Leveraging Chile's inherent strengths in this  dynamic sector, we aspire to broaden our 
collaboration,  fostering joint e fforts between Thailand and Chile to advance  shared goals in the 
realms of bioeconomy, circular economy,  and green economy development.  
4.13.   Chile has been recognized for its stable economy,  ardently pursuing a liberal economic 
approach. The nation  places param ount importance on fostering economic, trade, and  investment 
cooperation with foreign nations, particularly in the  Asia-Pacific region. We note that Chile is a 
founding member of the  Pacific  Alliance and an active participant in the Asia -Pacific  Economic 
Cooperation  (APEC). Chile has successfully established  33 free trade agreements with 65  nations , 
demonstrating its  commitment to global economic integration.  
4.14.   Chile places significant emphasis on strengthening ties with  ASEAN. It became a signatory to 
the Treaty of Amity and  Cooperation in Southeast Asia  (TAC) in 2016, marking the first  
Latin American country to do so. Acknowledging its commitment,  Chile obtained ASEAN 
Development Partner status in June  2019.  Furthermore, Thailand welcomes Chile 's intent to  join the 
Regional  Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the ASEAN -Australia -New Zealand Free 
Trade Agreement (AANZFTA).  
4.15.   Furthermore, we commend Chile's staunch support of the  inclusive and sustainable 
rules-based multilateral trading system  and it s active participation in various WTO 's discussions and  
initiatives, particularly in joint statement initiatives, the Dialogue  on Plastics Pollution, the Trade and 
Environmental Sustainability  Structured Discussions, and the Informal Working Group on Trade  and 
Gender. In particular, it is worth emphasizing that Thailand and  Chile, both members of the 
Cairns  Group, hold a shared perspective  on advancing the agricultural trade reform to diminish 
trade -distorting  support in the agricultural sector.  
4.16.   In addition , Thailand recognizes and appreciates H .E. Sofía Boza's active engagement and 
contribution in diverse WTO  bodies, particularly in areas such as trade and transfer of  technology, 
investment facilitation for development, and WTO  reform. We look forward to de epening our 
collaboration with the  Mission of Chile here in Geneva.  
4.17.   Lastly, we would like to thank Chile for providing a reply to our  questions, which we will 
scrutinize with keen interest.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.18.   To conclude, Thailand is hono ured to participate in the sixth Trade  Policy Review of Chile and 
extends our heartfelt wishes for a  successful outcome in this Trade Policy Review.  
GUATEMALA  
4.19.   On behalf of Guatemala, we would like to extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Chile, 
led by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, as well as the 
team from the Permanent Mission in Geneva, led by Ms  Sofía Boza Martínez, Ambassador and 
Permanent Representative to the World Trade Organization.  
4.20.   We would also like to highlight the work carried out by the Secretariat in preparing this trade 
policy review, as well as the analysis that Mr  Tan Hung  Seng, Ambassador of Singapore to the WTO, 
has been good enough to share with us today in his capacity as discussant.  
4.21.   According  to the Secretariat's Report, Chile's GDP per  capita is one of the highest in 
Latin America, supported by steady economic growth that averaged 2% per year between 2014 
and 2019. However, the economy was hit hard by the COVID -19 pandemic in 2020, with GDP 
contracting by 6.1%. The country demonstrated its resilience in 2021, when the economy bounced 
back strongly, expanding by 11.7% as a result of substantial fiscal transfers and an uptick in 
domestic demand. However, in 2022, although GDP returned to growth,  contractionary monetary 
and fiscal policies were adopted in response to the hike in inflation; as a result, real GDP is expected 
to contract slightly in 2023.  
4.22.   Imports of goods into Chile grew at an average annual rate of 7.7% between 2015 and 2022, 
exceed ing the growth in exports, which stood at an annual average of 6.7% over the same period. 
The share of goods – particularly primary products such as agricultural and mining products – in 
total exports decreased slightly. Although exports of copper were dow n, exports of lithium 
concentrate grew by over 500% in 2022, offsetting the drop in copper exports. The share of 
agricultural products, which consist mainly of wine, fruit, salmon and forestry products, in total 
exports dropped from 25.2% in 2015 to 21.9% in 2022.  
4.23.   Chile's deficit in the balance of services increased by 45% between 2015 and 2019. As a result 
of the pandemic, both exports and imports then fell in 2020, particularly those relating to travel and 
transport services. Although the deficit shrank i n 2020, it grew substantially in 2021 and 2022, 
reaching USD  14.8 million. In 2021, exports increased on the back of transport services and 
information services, while imports were boosted by transport services, predominantly maritime 
freight. In 2022, the re was an overall increase in exports and imports, with freight payments tripling 
and financial services and tourism services both growing.  
4.24.   With regard to intellectual property, Chile introduced significant legislative reforms to its 
intellectual property system in 2021, with the changes coming into force in May  2022. The reforms 
covered key aspects such as the introduction of provisional patent applications, exceptions to 
patentability, the expiration of unused trademarks, the registration of trademarks fo r industrial 
property, a broader definition of trade secrets, and changes to the regulations applicable to 
geographical indications and appellations of origin.  
4.25.   Concerning the bilateral relations between Guatemala and Chile, it is worth noting that the 
free trade agreement between the countries marked its 13th anniversary on 23  March  2023. This 
initiative plays a fundamental role in strengthening bilateral trade relations.  
4.26.   As one of Chile's trading partners, Guatemala ranked 36th in terms of exports and 41st in terms 
of imports in 2022, while Chile came in 18th for exports and 19th for imports for Guatemala in the 
same year. The products that Guatemala exports the most to Chile are sugar, natural rubber, 
preparations for use in making foods containing antibio tics, fruit and furniture. The main products 
that it imports from Chile are apples, pine wood, other oats, toilet paper and tomato concentrate.  
4.27.   In conclusion, Guatemala wishes Chile continued success in the implementation of its 
economic and trade policies , as well as sustainable economic growth and development.  
4.28.   We welcome the replies to our questions, which we will forward to our capital for analysis and 
comment. We wish the Chilean delegation a successful conclusion to this Trade Policy Review.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  AUSTRALIA  
4.29.   Ambassador Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel , Ambassador Tan Hung  Seng, thank you both for your 
introductions. Ms Sanhueza, welcome to Geneva.  
4.30.   These events are somewhat like a report card, marking the end of the year's evaluation of 
performance. I have to say, we have tried very hard to identify areas for improvement, as we always 
do. However, it has been particularly challenging with Chile.   
4.31.   Chile is a model player here at the WTO. Chile has been an extraordinary performer , and 
under Ambassador Boza 's leadershi p, Chile has been an extraordinary contributor to leadership in 
the Organization more broadly.  
4.32.   As a founding Member of the WTO, and one of the countries with the largest number of 
regional and bilateral trade agreements, it  is a staunch defender of the gl obal trading system. It  is 
a vocal champion of free and inclusive trade and a leader across the entire WTO agenda.  
Ms Sanhueza, we hear how this fits in to your Feminist Foreign Policy as well and we applaud you 
for it.  
4.33.   Our own relationship with Chile is an enduring one. It  is underpinned by the Australia -Chile 
Free Trade Agreement, which I had the honour of being involved with at the later stages, and the 
membership of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership, which 
itself was born out of the initiative that Chile and three other Members created, the so -called P4.  
That innovation is a hallmark of Chile 's trade policy.  
4.34.   Our bilateral trade and investment relationships focused on mining, education, agriculture, 
and energy. Our exports totalled USD 1.4 billion, and we  are a major investor in your globally 
important mining sector. Our long -standing  mining cooperation has ope ned opportunities for 
collaboration on critical minerals, including efforts to build resilient global supply chains , and we are 
exploring potential areas for renewable energy trade that supports both of our clean energy 
transitions.  
4.35.   Here at Geneva, we sha re a commitment to maintaining a strong international trade and 
economic architecture, demonstrated by how we cooperate here and in places like the OECD and 
APEC. And like us, you regard the WTO as a central pillar of the rules -based multilateral trading 
system. We  have long valued your role, your leadership role in the Cairns Group, and we commend 
your long -standing  leadership in championing the importance of open and stable markets on 
agricultural trade reform in support of Article  20. This reform is esse ntial if the world is to meet goals 
on development, food security, and environment, as well as being a big contribution to rule -making 
work here at the WTO.  
4.36.   We commend you on your low levels of agricultural domestic support and the timeliness of 
your annu al notifications.  
4.37.   We note a number of Members have raised questions about the price ban d system. So, there  
is one area of improvement.  
4.38.   Australia enjoys cooperative dialogues with you on agricultural market access issues, ranging 
from dairy to ruminant ge netics exports.  
4.39.   Your support for the WTO has been absolutely affirmed since the last Trade Policy Review.  
You have implemented the Trade Facilitation Agreement , you have accepted the Agreement on 
Fisheries Subsidies, you continue to be actively engaged in the second wave of fishery subsidies 
negotiations. And we share your commitment to concluding ahead of Abu  Dhabi that Agreement.  
4.40.   Under Ambassador Boza 's leadership, you  are a leader on rule -making here at the WTO as a 
coordinator of the Investment Facilitation Joint Initiative and as a participant in three other joint 
initiatives. And we urge you to further support plurilateral rule -making by seeking accession to the 
WTO Agreement  on Government Procurement. So, there  is a second area of i mprovement.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.41.   We commend your principles -based approach. We welcome your engagement here on trade 
and environment, trade and gender, and your robust approach to environment and climate issues, 
as well, as I said earlier, to your broader pursuit of a Feminis t Foreign Policy.  
4.42.   We welcome your commitment to further strengthening the WTO on reform and your role in 
the Ottawa Group and elsewhere on WTO reform.  
4.43.   We are like -minded on the pursuit of a fully functioning Dispute Settlement System , which we 
agreed at MC12 would be done by 2024. And we appreciate your engagement in the informal 
discussions on dispute settlement reform and your contribution to the Multi-Party Interim Appeal 
Arrangement.  We look forward to working with you towards a successful 13th Minist erial Conference.  
4.44.   It is an excellent report card. I hope it  is an easy meeting for you, M s Sanhueza, and 
congratulations.  
PHILIPPINES  
4.45.   The Philippines welcomes and congratulates the delegation of Chile led by 
H.E. Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations as well as its able 
Ambassador Professor Sof ía Boza Martínez  on their sixth Trade Policy Review. We also thank 
Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng of Singapore for his perspective as discussant, and the WTO  Secretariat 
for its compre hensive Report.  
4.46.   The Philippines and Chile enjoy a long -standing bilateral relationship. This year, we celebrate 
the 75th anniversary of our diplomatic relations, the longest among ASEAN. Further to ASEAN 
relations, in 2019, Chile was conferred the status of development partner of the bloc. During the 
first development partnership committee meeting between ASEAN and Chile in 2020, among the key 
cooperation areas identified included trade and investment, science, technology and innovation, and 
sustainable de velopment among others.  
4.47.   Bilaterally, Chile is an important economic partner of the Philippines. In August this year, we 
conducted the inaugural meeting of the Philippines -Chile Joint Economic Commission, which is a 
valuable confidence -building mechanism in  pursuing collaborative initiatives and identify shared 
areas of interest. Our total bilateral trade with Chile in 2022 is valued at over USD  110 million. While 
mining remains the backbone of Chilean economy, our trade is diversified. Among the top Philipp ine 
exports to Chile in 2022 are electronic products, other manufactures, chemicals, seaweed and 
carrageenan, and desiccated  coconut. While the main exports of Chile to the Philippines are fish and 
crustaceans, petroleum oils, digital monolithic integrated  circuits, and other and other materials 
accessories and supplies.  
4.48.   Turning to this TPR, as noted in both Reports by the Secretariat and Government, Chilean 
economy has benefited greatly from its openness and integration into the world economy. While the 
economy quickly recovered from the COVID -19 pandemic, we note that its growth is tempered by 
the accelerating inflation. Since the last Review in 2015, we also note that Chile recalibrated its 
policies particularly on monetary and fiscal, and implemented ne w legislations and strategies relating 
to trade, investment, support to MSMEs, competition, intellectual property, agriculture, mining, and 
energy. We particularly note the National Green Hydrogen Strategy adopted in 2022 which aims to 
ensure that all new light and medium -sized vehicles sold in the Chile by 2035 are electric.  
4.49.   On trade, we note that Chile is has one of the most open trading regimes and added new 
regional trade agreements (RTAs) to its network since the review in 2015. Currently, its network  
consists of 32  RTAs involving more than 60  economies. Further, Chile is a firm supporter of the 
multilateral trading system and an active Member of the WTO, demonstrated by its active 
participation in the WTO discussions. It is also active in various join t statement initiatives (JSIs) 
such as investment facilitation for development which it currently co -coordinates through 
Professor  Sofía with the Republic  of Korea, e -commerce, services domestic regulation, trade and 
environment, and trade and gender. Prev iously, Chile also led the work of the informal working 
group on MSMEs. Chile also joined the Multi -Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA). 
To further its integration with the international trading system, we encourage Chile to join the 
Inform ation Technology Agreement.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.50.   We note the significant developments in the economic policies of Chile, and we appreciate the 
opportunity to learn more about these policies through this Trade Policy Review. Our delegation has 
submitted advance written question s, and we thank the delegation for its timely responses.  
4.51.   In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing our strong economic relations 
with Chile.  
COLOMBIA  
4.52.   We extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Chile, led by the Under -Secretary for 
International Economic Relations, Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, and the entire team from the capital and in 
Geneva.  
4.53.   We are grateful to the discussant, Ambassador  Tan Hung  Seng, for his analysis and 
comments. The points raised have been instrumental to this Trade Policy Review. We also recognize 
the work of the Secretariat and the Chilean authorities in preparing the reports that we have 
received.  
4.54.   It is enriching and gratifying to review the trade policy of a friendly country such as Chile. It  is 
enrichi ng because it is always interesting for us to learn more about the path that Chile has taken 
to reach the high level of development that it enjoys today. It is gratifying because we are pleased 
to see that, according to the World  Economic  Forum, Chile is o ne of the most competitive countries 
in Latin  America, thanks to the judicious management of its economic policies.  
4.55.   Colombia and Chile share various regional and multilateral fora, thanks to which we have a 
strong trade and investment relationship.  
4.56.   From a bilateral perspective, our trade relationship has flourished since 1994 within the 
framework of an economic complementarity agreement, which subsequently became a free trade 
agreement that entered into force in 2009.  
4.57.   Today, our closest relationship from a regional perspective is through the Pacific  Alliance, a 
political, economic, cooperation and integration coordination mechanism, officially established 
in 2012. I look forward to Chile's successful pro-tempore  presidency, which it will assume in 
March  2024. 
4.58.   Our strong relationship is reflected in our total trade, which reached USD  2.5 billion in 2022, 
practically half of which comprised non -mining energy goods, promoting the creation of value, jobs 
and regional linkages, with the latter being one of our obj ectives in the area of regional relations.  
4.59.   This trade has also had a positive impact on investment flows; bilateral foreign direct 
investment (FDI) has reached about USD  14 billion since 1994.  
4.60.   Tourism is an activity that also has a significant ripple effec t throughout our economies, and 
we have the potential to harness it as a mainstay of our countries' development, given that a total 
of nearly 300,000 visitors a year visit Chile from Colombia and vice versa.  
4.61.   Against this backdrop, it is crucial to continue  strengthening and broadening our economic 
ties with a view to setting us on the path to sustainable and equitable growth and development over 
the long term.  
4.62.   With regard to this Trade Policy Review, I would like to begin by noting Chile's commitment 
to the  multilateral trading system, as demonstrated by this sixth Review and its particular focus on 
issues such as trade and the environment; micro, small and medium -sized enterprises; and trade 
and gender.  
4.63.   In addition, Chile participates in the Multi -Party Int erim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement 
(MPIA) as an alternative system for ensuring a functional dispute settlement system with the 
possibility of accessing an appeal stage, which is crucial for the functioning and credibility of 
the WTO.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.64.   Special mention shou ld be made of Chile's staunch and unwavering involvement in the Joint 
Initiative on Investment Facilitation for Development, which Ambassador  Boza does a sterling job of 
co-chairing with a view to achieving the goals that Members have set for MC13.  
4.65.   Second,  I would like to point out that we share elements of Chile's trade policy, such as 
boosting competitiveness and production diversification; promoting innovation and new 
technologies; strengthening regional economic integration; participating in global valu e chains; and 
increasing women's participation in internationalization.  
4.66.   We agree with the FDI policy objective of both increasing inflows and reducing the 
concentration of foreign investment in the primary sector. We also agree with the spirit of the vario us 
climate change -related targets, such as generating electricity from renewable sources, mainly solar 
and wind.  
4.67.   Third, we submitted some questions to Chile as part of this Trade Policy Review. The replies 
to these questions should enable us to gain a grea ter understanding of aspects such as intellectual 
property, fisheries, foreign investment, investment agreements and export diversification. 
The replies are crucial for improving trade and investment relations.  
4.68.   To conclude, I wish Chile a successful conclu sion to this Trade Policy Review and express 
Colombia's willingness to continue, deepen and strengthen our strategic trade relationship, 
recognizing the excellent working relationship between the two missions in Geneva on multiple 
issues.  
NEW ZEALAND  
4.69.   New Zealand welcomes the delegation of Chile, led by the Under -Secretary for International 
Economic Relations, Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza. We thank both the WTO  Secretariat and the Government 
of Chile for their work in preparing this review, and H.E.  Ambassador  Tan Hung Seng for his 
informative comments as discussant.  
4.70.   New Zealand and Chile are partners with shared ideas and values across many areas, 
especially trade liberalization and regional economic integration. We are small, trade -oriented 
economies, with vast netw orks of ambitious and progressive agreements that help our businesses 
grow and succeed. We commend Chile's efforts to maintain the momentum of open and inclusive 
liberalization, and its continued interest in connecting with the Indo -Pacific and the Pacific . In the 
year ending June  2023, New  Zealand's exports to Chile were higher than during the pre -COVID 
years, which is a testament to our resilience and growing trading relationship.  
4.71.   New Zealand and Chile have a long history of working together on innovative trade 
architecture, including the Trans -Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (P4). Since 
Chile's last Review in 2015, this has paved the way for the Comprehensive and Progressive 
Agreement for Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and t he Digital Economy Partnership Agreement 
(DEPA). The range of economies interested in acceding to these agreements demonstrates how small 
economies, such as Chile and New  Zealand, can set trade rules for a new generation.  
4.72.   We are also both leaders in promot ing inclusive trade mechanisms, as founding members of 
the Inclusive Trade Action Group (ITAG) and the Global Gender and Trade Arrangement (GTAGA), 
together with Canada. We have seen a marked increase in interest in both of these inclusive 
initiatives, whi ch are an integral part of New  Zealand's trade policy to contribute to sustainable and 
inclusive economic outcomes. Chile has been a key partner in this mission.  
4.73.   New Zealand values Chile's cooperation in the framework of Asia -Pacific Economic 
Cooperation ( APEC), as part of which we have developed various innovative trade and economic 
policy initiatives. Since Chile's last Trade Policy Review, both Chile and New  Zealand have hosted 
APEC and chaired the APEC Committee on Trade and Investment, demonstrating ou r deep 
commitment to our region's most important economic and trade forum. New  Zealand would like to 
draw particular attention to "La Serena Roadmap for Women and Inclusive Growth", an initiative 
that was developed and launched by Chile in 2019 to drive gr eater inclusive economic development 
and participation of women in the region.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.74.   Given the importance of sustainable agriculture for our economies, New  Zealand also 
welcomes Chile's participation in the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas es 
(GRA), with Chile assuming the role of Council Chair in 2022.  
4.75.   Returning to the subject of the WTO, New  Zealand appreciates Chile's constructive 
engagement in all aspects of the Organization's work.  
4.76.   In particular, we would like to acknowledge Chile's act ive role in the Cairns  Group and its work 
on our shared reform ambitions. We also welcome its active involvement in the Ottawa  Group and 
its ongoing commitment to securing a fully functioning WTO dispute settlement mechanism. We look 
forward to continuing to engage with Chile on these workstreams, and to advancing the broader 
WTO reform discussions together at MC13 and beyond.  
4.77.   As a Pacific partner and a major fishing nation with a shared interest in the preservation of 
global fisheries, we look forward to C hile's ratification of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies 
and value its contribution to the ongoing negotiations.  
4.78.   We also continue to appreciate Chile's constructive contributions to the joint initiatives, and 
thank Ambassador Boza for her tireless efforts as co -coordinator of the Joint Initiative on Investment 
Facilitation for Development.  
4.79.   More broadly, New  Zealand would like to highlight Chile's Feminist Foreign Policy launched 
earlier this year as a positive development since Chile's last  Trade Policy Review in 2015. 
In particular, we welcome the goals to remove barriers to the full integration of women into the 
economy and to promote economic recovery with a focus on gender equality. We hope New  Zealand 
and Chile's ongoing collaboration i n the GTAGA will support the realization of these goals.  
4.80.   Looking to the future, we view New  Zealand's progressive negotiations for associate 
membership with the Pacific  Alliance as a key way to expand New  Zealand's relationships with 
Latin American partner s including Chile, when the time has arrived. New  Zealand looks forwards to 
Chile's leadership of the Alliance in 2024.  
4.81.   In conclusion, New  Zealand thanks Chile for its continued commitment to the multilateral 
trading system and emphasizes our appreciation for the constructive, progressive, and ambitious 
engagement we enjoy with our Chilean colleagues across a number of trade mechanisms. We 
particularly wish to thank Ambassador  Boza for the extremely constructive relationship we enjoy 
with her and her team i n Geneva. We appreciate the responses Chile has provided to New  Zealand's 
questions, and finally, we wish to congratulate Chile on a successful Trade Policy Review.  
BRAZIL 
4.82.   I would firstly like to welcome the distinguished delegation of Chile to its sixth  Trade Policy 
Review at the WTO. I would also like to thank the Head of Delegation and Under -Secretary for 
International Economic Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile, Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, as 
well as our discussant, Ambassador  Tan Hung  Seng,  for their presentations and remarks which have 
enriched the discussions on Chilean trade policy.  
4.83.   Relations between Brazil and Chile have traditionally been characterized by the intensity and 
vitality of trade and investment.  
4.84.   Brazil is the main destination  for Chilean investment, accounting for almost 30% of the total, 
and it is also the top Latin  American investor in Chile. Chile's main areas of investment in Brazil are 
air transport, retail trade, and the pulp and paper production chain.  
4.85.   Brazil's FDI stoc k in Chile increased by 18.7% between 2020 and 2021, amounting to 
USD 8.3 billion in 2021. According to InvestChile, Brazil is the world's fifth largest investor in Chile. 
Brazilian investment in Chile is mainly concentrated in financial services, data cen tre, chemical and 
meat processing sectors.  
4.86.   Chile is Brazil's seventh largest trading partner, and Brazil is Chile's third largest trading 
partner, after China and the United  States . WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.87.   In 2022, trade between Brazil and Chile reached a new historical record fo r the second year 
in a row: USD  13.7 billion (+20.1%), with exports of USD  9.1 billion and imports of USD  4.6 billion.  
4.88.   Brazil and Chile also signed new important bilateral trade agreements, such as a government 
procurement protocol; a protocol on investmen t in financial institutions, which complemented the 
Cooperation and Investment Facilitation Agreement (CIFA); and a free trade agreement (FTA).  
4.89.   It was decided that implementation of the FTA would initially focus on eight chapters: 
(i) gender; (ii)  micro, s mall and medium -sized enterprises; (iii)  regional and global value chains; 
(iv) telecommunications (roaming); (v)  sanitary and phytosanitary measures; (vi)  government 
procurement; (vii)  technical barriers to trade; and (viii)  trade.  
4.90.   In this half of the yea r, Brazil sent a proposal to Chile to expand the geographical indications 
protected by the FTA. We hope to make progress on the implementation of this and other important 
issues under the framework of the FTA's Joint Committee.  
4.91.   Energy and mining products p lay an important role in trade between Brazil and Chile. 
Petroleum is Brazil's main export product, accounting for a third of Brazilian sales to Chile (and 
60% of Chilean petroleum imports). In terms of Brazilian imports, copper accounts for 36% of the 
value of Chilean exports to Brazil. Within those sectors, fertilizers and molybdenum are ranked third 
and fourth, respectively, in terms of products most purchased by Brazil.  
4.92.   With regard to the implementation of Chapter  10 of the FTA, on e -commerce, it is our  
understanding that the text of the agreement should already allow for the operationalization of 
e-signatures between the two countries. We hope to hold meetings with the Chilean authorities 
responsible to order to discuss this outstanding issue.  
4.93.   We thank Chile for the replies to the questions we submitted in writing, especially with respect 
to sanitary issues. We are convinced that progress on issues of access to the Chilean agricultural 
market can have a very positive effect on increasing trade flows betw een our countries.  
4.94.   Lastly, I would like to highlight the importance of the role played by Chile in the multilateral 
trading system. Ambassador  Sofía Boza has worked tirelessly as Chair of the Working Group on 
Trade and Transfer of Technology with a view to  making progress on this issue at the WTO, and 
I would like to commend her for her efforts to deepen the positive link between trade, gender and 
MSMEs.  
4.95.   We look forward to working together with Chile to achieve an important and substantive 
outcome at MC13, particularly on agriculture, systemic issues and integrating the inclusion 
dimension of sustainable development into the WTO.  
4.96.   I would once again like to thank the distinguished delegation of Chile for its participation in 
the sixth Trade Policy Review, and  to wish it success in this exercise.  
INDIA  
4.97.   India is pleased to participate in the sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile and extends a warm 
welcome to the delegation from Chile, led by H .E. Claudia  Sanhueza.  We also thank the discussant 
H.E. Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng of Singapore for his comprehensive and insightful remarks, and 
the Secretariat as well as the Government of Chile for their comprehensive Reports.  
4.98.   We are happy to note that, notwithstanding effects of the global economic crisi s, including by 
pandemic, the Chilean economy has posted steady growth during the period under review and good 
recovery post -pandemic.  
4.99.   As brought out in the Secretariat Report, we also note the various incentive programmes in 
order to promote investment an d the economy in remote areas of the country, support MSMEs, 
boost competitiveness and product diversification, as well as foster innovation and new technologies.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.100.   Coupled with prudent macroeconomic management and open trade strategy based on both 
multilate ralism and regionalism, Chile 's efforts to achieve steady growth, reducing inequalities and 
fostering social inclusion are commendable.  
4.101.   Chile's trade policy has been adapting to current global technological, energy and 
environmental challenges. It is refle cted in the reforms made to its legislations and regulations, as 
well as institutional and procedural changes to implement these reforms.  
4.102.   On the bilateral level, India and Chile enjoy a close partnership. It is expanding in diverse 
areas.  The high -level visit of the then Honourable President of India, Shri  Ram Nath Kovind, to Chile 
in 2019 to mark the 70th anniversary of establishment of India -Chile diplomatic relations has further 
bolstered our bilateral ties. Both sides continue to strive to promo te bilateral trade and investment 
relations with a view to benefiting from the comparative strengths of our economies.  
4.103.   Bilateral trade has been growing steadily since 2009, with a few exceptions like the global 
slowdown due to COVID -19 pandemic. In FY2020 -23, it stands at USD 2.6 billion. Chile is India 's 
fifth largest trading partner in the Latin  American region.  Bilateral investments too have seen a lot 
of potential, especially in the green energy and renewables.  
4.104.   We have concluded negotiations on the expansion of India -Chile PTA in September  2016, 
incorporating new chapters on rules of origin, technical barriers to trade, and sanitary and 
phytosanitary measures which would contribute to the reduction of non -tariff barriers. Both sid es 
are currently in the process of deepening this agreement to include more chapters and extensive 
tariff preferences.  
4.105.   While our two -way trade is expanding, we believe we could do much more to facilitate it.  
Our requests in this regard are particularly fo r agriculture and other products facing market entry 
challenges due to conformity assessment procedures, customs, and related regulatory requirements.  
4.106.   As part of this TPR exercise, my delegation has submitted several questions on various 
schemes, policies , and measures of the Chilean Government in areas like goods, agriculture, 
services, intellectual property, and trade facilitation.  
4.107.   We are thankful to the Chilean Government for their replies to these questions, which will 
be enthusiastically perused by o ur capital.  
4.108.   We remain committed to expanding our trade and investment ties with Chile and expand our 
overall bilateral cooperation.  
4.109.   In the context of the upcoming MC13, we would urge Chile to play a more constructive role 
in arriving at a balanced outcome , notably in agriculture, towards levelling the playing field in a 
sector fraught with glaring inequities. Being a founder Member of the WTO, both India and Chile 
have a shared interest in an effective and equitable multilateral trading system.  
4.110.   In conclus ion, we take this opportunity to wish the delegation of Chile a successful Trade 
Policy Review.  
JAPAN  
4.111.   Japan warmly welcomes the delegation of Chile headed by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Under-Secretary for International Economic Relations. We would like to expres s our appreciation to 
the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Chile for the respective Reports, prepared for today 's 
Review. We also thank Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng for his insightful remarks as the discussant. 
Taking this opportunity, I would like to highlight a few points.  
4.112.   I would like to touch upon recent trade and economic relations between Chile and Japan.  
4.113.   Japan is the third largest export destination for Chile, and its sixth largest import source. 
Bilateral trade expanded significantly during the  review period. While Chile came back in 2022 as 
the leading still wine exporter to Japan, it has been an important supplier for Japan of mineral and 
marine products.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.114.   As of 2022, 121  Japan -affiliated companies set up and maintain operations in Chile; Chile  is 
indeed a reliable host for Japanese companies, looking at business opportunities and operations in 
South  America. We commend Chile for having advanced its foreign investment support activities, 
which has helped to materialize its business -friendly, sta ble investment environment.  
4.115.   In terms of its domestic policies, we also commend Chile for having advanced its foreign 
investment support activities, which have helped to materialize a business friendly, stable 
investment environment.  
4.116.   Furthermore, from the p erspective of supply chain resilience, Japan looks forward to further 
deepening our bilateral cooperations in key mineral resources such as lithium, and in clean energy 
such as hydrogen and ammonia.  
4.117.   We welcome the entry into force of the CPTPP in February this year for Chile, which we 
expect will further advance our bilateral trade relations in the future. We look forward to working 
closely with Chile to maintain the high standards of the CPTPP.  
4.118.   Next, I would like to touch upon Chile 's laudable participatio n and contributions to the WTO. 
We commend Chile, as a founding Member of the WTO, for consistently having upheld a rules -based, 
free and open multilateral trading system. We commend Chile 's efforts in transparency, praising that 
almost all its reports are  up-to-date. We also welcome its announcement to formally accept 
tomorrow the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, Chapter  1. 
4.119.   Chile has actively participated and taken initiatives in various works at the WTO. Its active 
participation among others in joint sta tement initiatives including Investment Facilitation for 
Development, E -commerce, and Services Domestic Regulation is highly appreciated. In particular, 
H.E. Ambassador Sof ía Boza's contribution as a co-Chair on IFD is broadly appreciated and 
supported in the WTO.  
4.120.   At the Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender, Chile has made a significant 
contribution to the progress through the introduction of Chile's "Feminist Foreign Policy " and 
examples of gender  desegregated data collection by the trade authorities in Chile. We appreciate 
Ambassador Sof ía's leadership also here and inclusivity issues in general at the WTO.  
4.121.   Within the TESSD, Chile and Japan have served as co -facilitators of the Working Group on 
Circular Economy since its establishment. We have been compiling a mapping document for MC13 
that clarifies trade -related issues for the circular economy. The document is expected to form the 
basis for future work on trade and circular economy, not only in T ESSD, but also in relevant 
committees and other international organizations. Japan will continue to work together with Chile to 
achieve results at MC13.  
4.122.   Finally, we appreciate Chile for its responses to the preliminary written questions from 
Members, incl uding from us, which were circulated without delay. We appreciate our daily 
collaboration with the Ambassador Sofía  and her excellent team in Geneva, and look forward to 
working closely for a successful MC13. We wish Chile a very successful and fruitful Tr ade Policy 
Review.  
SWITZERLAND  
4.123.   Allow me to also extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Chile. And let me thank 
the Ambassador of Singapore for his initial observations as well as the Secretariat for its substantive 
contribution to this TPR.  
4.124.   At the  outset, my delegation wishes to concur with the positive picture of the Chilean 
economy outlined in the Secretariat 's Report. As a matter of fact, continued trade openness, 
combined with a sound macroeconomic policy framework, seem to guarantee a trajectory of high 
growth in Chile. While imports grew faster than exports in recent years, Chile continues to show a 
surplus in  its trade balance. On the other side, there seem to be still a potential for improving the 
balance of services and income, which traditionally is in deficit.  
4.125.   Mister Chair, allow me two quick general remarques on Chile 's trade policy:  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.126.   First, we believe th at, now that Chile is benefit ing from open market access to the most 
important markets in the world, the country 's diversification of exports – both regional and 
worldwide  – could further contribute to ensuring increased resilience and improved competitive ness 
for the Chilean economy on world markets.  
4.127.   And second, while we recognize that increased trade is a driving force for economic growth, 
we at the same time are convinced that sustainability increasingly has to go hand in hand with trade 
openness when it comes to designing trade policies for the future.  
4.128.   As like -minded partners, Switzerland and Chile share a long experience in implementing 
preferential trade relations. The EFTA States and Chile signed an FTA back in 2003. At the time, it 
was among o ur first comprehensive free trade agreements. And it has proven beneficial to all 
partners . Over the last couple of years, bilateral trade between Switzerland and Chile has steadily 
grown. In 2022, it amounted USD 1.3 billion. In other words, Chile is an i mportant trading partner 
for us.  
4.129.   This is also true when it comes to investments, and we recognize that Chile is generally an 
attractive location for foreign investments. With its immense natural resources, a stable political and 
economic environment, and also thanks to comprehensive bilateral agreements, the Swiss private 
sector is very present in Chile. It also is very diverse and covers sectors such as finance, food, 
logistic, transport, machinery, or pharmaceuticals. With a stock of investments of about  
USD 1.6 billion, Swiss companies offer a job to roughly 18 ,000 workers in Chile.  
4.130.   While these figures testify to the good health of our bilateral relations, we however think 
that we could do even better. And that is why, together with our EFTA partners, S witzerland remains 
committed to modernizing our bilateral FTA.  
4.131.   Switzerland has submitted a number of technical questions in writing ahead of this TPR, in 
particular regarding tariff bindings, customs verification fees, notifications in relation to quantit ative 
restrictions, or sustainability in agriculture. We wish to warmly thank Chile for considering our 
questions and for their quick and comprehensive replies.  
4.132.   While reiterating Switzerland 's encouragements to Chile to consider acceding to the GPA, my 
delegation wishes to commend Chile for its  continuous and constructive  engagement in the  WTO in 
all areas which were mentioned by several delegations before . And we also want to reaffirm that we 
stand ready to continue working with Chile in strengthening the WTO and making it fit for addressing 
today and future challenges.  
4.133.   We wish the Chilean delegation a pleasant stay in Geneva and a fruitful Trade Policy Review.  
COSTA  RICA 
4.134.   Costa  Rica would like to join others in extending a warm welcome to the Chilean deleg ation 
led by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, and our 
greetings to H.E.  Ambassador  Sofía Boza and her team here in Geneva. We would also like to thank 
the Government of Chile and the Secretariat for their reports, as well as the discussant, 
H.E. Ambassador  Tan Hung  Seng, for his valuable comments.  
4.135.   Costa  Rica is pleased to participate in the sixth  Trade Policy Review of Chile, a country with 
which we have strong cultural and economic ties. Chile is a fellow country t hat has always been at 
the forefront of best practice in government and business management and has been a constant 
point of reference for Costa  Rica. Chile has also shared the views of Costa  Rica in multiple 
international fora. An example of this was its great support in our accession process to the 
Organisation for Economic Co -operation and Development (OECD), for which we will always be very 
grateful.  
4.136.   Within the WTO, Chile is an active Member in the agricultural negotiations through the 
Latin American Gr oup and the Cairns  Group, and has been a supporter of Costa  Rica's work on 
domestic support reform from the outset, for which Costa  Rica expresses its deep appreciation and 
gratitude. Chile's support for the multilateral trading system is also reflected in  many other areas. 
Chile has played a key role in the work on trade facilitation, fisheries, investment facilitation, trade WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  and the environment, MSMEs, e -commerce, gender and WTO reform. Furthermore, Chile was 
involved in the successful conclusion of the n egotiations on services domestic regulation and 
Ambassador  Boza is doing an excellent job of co -chairing the investment facilitation negotiations.  
4.137.   Both the Secretariat and Government reports mention the continued stability of the Chilean 
economy and its successful recovery from the COVID -19 pandemic, despite the global inflationary 
effect. Although there are some elements in its trade policy that create uncertainty, such as in the 
focus on the primary sector and the price band system, Costa  Rica sees Chil e as a partner with a 
transparent and open trade system.  
4.138.   In this connection, Costa  Rica welcomes the steps taken by the Government to expand its 
trading platform, including the continuous search for new markets, such as the CPTPP and the 
Pacific  Alliance — initiatives that Costa  Rica aspires to join.  
4.139.   We also take note of its successful policy for attracting foreign direct investment, and of the 
implementation of trade facilitation and customs modernization policies.  
4.140.   Costa  Rica continues to take an ongoing i nterest in the trade policies of a partner as close 
and important as Chile, especially with respect to the development of its policies on the production 
diversification, innovation, inclusion, sustainability and competitiveness.  
4.141.   Costa  Rica submitted questi ons on this occasion on trade facilitation, MSMEs, gender policies, 
sanitary and phytosanitary measures, government procurement, registration of geographical 
indications and appellations of origin, fisheries and energy policy, climate change and digital tr ade. 
We thank Chile for its replies, which we will study with great interest.  
4.142.   Lastly, on  behalf of Costa  Rica, I would like to wish our friends from Chile a successful Trade 
Policy Review.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
4.143.   I would like to welcome the delegation of Chile, le d by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, and Ambassador Boza and her team in 
Geneva. I also thank H.E. Ambassador Mr  Tan Hung  Seng (Singapore) for his remarks as the 
discussant.  
4.144.   Let me start by noting that the Govern ment of Chile, which has been in office for two years 
now, is pursuing a number of political priorities to actively promote social justice, gender equality, 
environmental protection, and combat climate change. Chile is setting an example for others insofar  
these progressive priorities are combined with a very liberal trade policy that has been the hallmark 
of Chile 's openness to the world for many decades.  
4.145.   The Chilean economy has benefited greatly from its openness and integration into the world 
economy. C hile's GDP per  capita is among the highest in Latin  America, and its trade to GDP ratio 
of 75% shows how much the country depends on openness for its prosperity.  
4.146.   Over the review period, Chile continued and intensified its trade openness strategy by 
pursui ng bilateral trade agreements. Chile has 32  trade agreements covering more than 
60 economies and, in many cases, these go beyond market liberalization agreements and include 
initiatives focused on issues such as digital markets, e -commerce, regional and gl obal value chains, 
the environment, gender and MSMEs.  
4.147.   There have been two major developments during the period under review: first, the coming 
into force of the CPTPP Agreement in February  2023 and secondly, the successful conclusion of the 
EU-Chile Advanc ed Framework Agreement in December last year. This was the finali zation of six 
years of hard work between Chile and the EU, aimed at moderni zing the existing EU -Chile Association 
Agreement, signed in 2002.  
4.148.   Chile is a key partner for the EU. Over the last 20  years, our bilateral trade has grown by 
150%. The EU is the third trading partner of Chile and Chile is one of our largest partners in WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  Latin America. The EU is the first FDI source in Chile, with investment flows having doubled in 
20 years.  
4.149.   The As sociation Agreement has been good for diversification: since 2012, exports of 
agri-food from Chile account for more than 50% of total exports (more than mining products). We 
also are very happy to be able to drink a great variety of excellent wine from Chi le! The Association 
Agreement has worked well not just for big business but also for SMEs: nearly 40% of exports from 
Chile to EU are from SMEs (a higher percentage than to other trading partners).  
4.150.   In the meantime, over the last 20  years, the world has cha nged, the nature of our economies 
has evolved, and new economic and societal priorities have come to the forefront. Thus, we decided 
jointly to moderni ze our relationship and work towards a new, broader and deeper agreement. I am 
happy to announce that jus t this week (on 13  December), Chile and the EU will sign this very modern 
and progressive Advanced Framework Agreement, underpinned by a high degree of trust and 
like-mindedness.  
4.151.   This agreement is not only good for trade and investment and our respective e conomic 
resilience in the challenging geopolitical context – it also sends a clear message to the world about 
our shared commitment to sustainability and speeding up the green and digital transitions.  
4.152.   Allow me to highlight that the new agreement will make 99% of trade between the EU and 
Chile tariff free. Furthermore, it will give much better access for our companies to investing and to 
bidding for government contracts and provide a high level of investment protection, with an 
investment court system i n place. Last but not least, it contains major commitments on sustainable 
trade, including on climate, energy and raw materials, as well as gender equality and sustainable 
food systems.  
4.153.   Turning now to the multilateral context, the EU commends Chile 's activ e role in the WTO and 
the fulfilment of its notification obligations. We appreciate Chile 's participation in the Multi -Party 
Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement and the full engagement on gender and MSMEs. We 
welcome Chile 's participation in various joi nt statement initiatives, and especially we applaud 
Ambassador Boza 's role as the co-Coordinator for Investment Facilitation for Development. 
Ambassador Sofía  Boza is also actively chairing the Working Group on Trade and Technology 
Transfer.  
4.154.   Even though C hile's record is impressive and our bilateral relationship is in extremely good 
shape, there are some areas where the EU considers there may be room for further initiatives. The 
EU invites Chile to join the Information Technology Agreement and the Agreemen t on Government 
Procurement. In the run -up to MC13, the EU looks forward to working together with Chile on WTO 
reform, inclusiveness, and a positive outcome across the board.  
4.155.   On behalf of the EU, I wish Chile a successful sixth Trade Policy Review.  
DOMINI CAN REPUBLIC  
4.156.   First, we would like to extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Chile, led by 
Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs of Chile, and to commend our fellow country, Chile, an d the WTO Secretariat on their valuable 
reports. We are also grateful to the discussant, Ambassador  Tan Hung Seng, Permanent 
Representative of Singapore to the WTO.  
4.157.   Our Mission also recognizes the important work undertaken on behalf of the WTO by 
Dr Sofía Boza, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Chile to the WTO, and her team in Geneva.  
4.158.   The reports indicate that since its last review in 2015, Chile has continued to pursue a stable 
trade policy, based on open trade, both at the multilateral and  regional levels. We note with interest 
that Chile currently has 33  active trade agreements with 65  economies, covering approximately 88% 
of the world's GDP and 96% of its foreign trade. Of these agreements, 25 were concluded with 
individual economies.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.159.   We appreciate that, during the review period, Chile participated actively in the work and 
discussions of the WTO, as well as various joint initiatives, including the Joint Initiative on 
Investment Facilitation for Development, which Ambassador  Boza co -coordin ates. Chile also 
co-sponsored the Statement on Trade and Environmental Sustainability, and participated in the 
Informal Working Groups on Micro, Small and Medium -Sized Enterprises (MSMEs), and on Trade  and 
Gender.  
4.160.   The economic, trade and cooperation relati ons between the Dominican  Republic and Chile 
are of great importance to our country. Trade between the two countries has grown by more than 
10% on average every year since 2017. In 2022, trade between the two countries reached about 
USD 200 million. The ma in products exported by the Dominican  Republic to Chile are rum, medical 
instruments and apparatus, fabrics, and medicaments; while the main products imported by our 
country from Chile are gas, motor cars, salmon, and oats.  
4.161.   We would also like to mention th at last October our Ministry of Foreign Affairs hosted the 
third meeting of the Chile -Dominican  Republic Joint Council on Trade and Investment, a forum in 
which both countries work to strengthen economic and trade relations. At that meeting, the 
delegation s of both countries shared investment opportunities, undertook to hold rounds of technical 
talks to assess and reach a possible partial scope agreement on trade, and discussed the possibility 
of improving air connectivity between our countries, among other  things.  
4.162.   We thank the delegation of Chile for the replies to the written questions submitted by the 
Dominican  Republic, which merit our full attention.  
4.163.   To conclude, we would like to take this opportunity to reiterate our thanks to Chile and wish 
the countr y a successful Trade Policy Review. We send out best wishes to its people and its 
Government.  
CANADA  
4.164.   Canada would like to extend a ver y warm welcome  to the Under -Secretary for International 
Economic Relations , Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, as well as the other memb ers of the Chilean delegation. 
We are pleased to participate in this sixth  Trade Policy Review of Chile and thank the Government 
of Chile and the Secretariat for their Reports.  
4.165.   We would also like to thank the discussant, H.E.  Tan Hung  Seng, for his enlight ening 
unpacking of the three questions.  
4.166.   The economic ties between Canada and Chile are significant and greatly important our 
countries . Chile was one of Canada 's first free trade agreement partners. In fact, this year marked 
the 26th anniversary of that la ndmark Agreement. In recent years, this long -standing  relationship 
has become ever closer. In 2019, our modernized Canada -Chile Free Trade Agreement came into 
force, representing an important milestone for the development of a more open, inclusive, and 
progressive rules -based trading environment, notably through the inclusion of a Chapter on trade 
and gender. Further, Canada is also happy to count Chile as one of our valued trading partners in 
the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement fo r Trans -Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).  
4.167.   We know that, like Canada, Chile is deeply committed to championing an inclusive trade 
agenda globally. We note Chile 's particular considerations and support for increasing women 's 
empowerment in international trade and  boosting micro, small and medium enterprises ' participation 
in trade. We commend Chile for adopting its Feminist Foreign Policy in June  2023, which sets an 
important framework for advancing inclusive trade in a meaningful way.  
4.168.   Canada values Chile 's partne rship in the Inclusive Trade Action Group and Global Trade and 
Gender Arrangement and are proud of the work we have accomplished so far as founding members 
of both these initiatives. We congratulate Chile 's advocacy efforts in encouraging more Members to 
join these instruments. Our cooperation on issues related to trade and gender also expands to the 
WTO's Informal Working Groups on Trade and gender and on SMEs, within which we appreciate 
Chile's active participation.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.169.   We know that Chile shares Canada's  view that trade should benefit everyone as we work 
towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and inclusive and sustainable economic 
growth. We look forward to working with Chile more on these issues.  
4.170.   Our close and long -standing  trade and economic par tnership is yielding concrete results for 
both Canada and Chile. Canada is proud to now be the largest foreign direct investor in Chile. 
In recent years, Canadian companies have expressed their continued confidence in the Chilean 
economy, investing even mo re in a multitude of sectors – including, energy, infrastructure, finance, 
agri-business , and mining, among others.  
4.171.   Canada continues to look for ways to build on its strong relationship with Chile, and we would 
particularly like to thank Chile for having w elcomed, in April of this year, Canada 's Minister of 
International Trade, Mary  Ng, as the Head of a Trade Mission of 25 Canadian small and 
medium -sized companies active in the cleantech sector.  
4.172.   At the WTO, Canada notes with appreciation Chile 's engagement and the milestones 
achieved during the review period. Canada thanks Chile for its active engagement in the 
Ottawa  Group, and we look forward to continuing our work together in support of reform of the 
organization and a successful 13th Ministerial Conferen ce. 
4.173.   Further, as members of the Cairns  Group, Canada and Chile continue their long -standing  
collaboration to advance fact - and evidence -based discussions in the WTO agriculture negotiations, 
including to reduce distortions in global agriculture markets and continue the reform of agriculture 
trade.  
4.174.   Canada welcomes Chile 's active and collaborative engagement in the Joint Statement 
Initiative on E -commerce as we strive to reach an ambitious and commercially meaningful outcome 
and are pleased to count Chile as a  participant of the Joint Statement Initiative on Domestic 
Regulation.  
4.175.   Canada also notes Chile 's dedication and leadership in coordinating the negotiations of the 
Joint Statement Initiative on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD), under the leade rship of  
Ambassador Boza as Co -Coordinator these  negotiations. Chile has played a critical role in ensuring 
significant progress in these negotiations, which we know can produce real benefits for all, especially 
for developing and least -developed country Members, through increased cross -border investmen t. 
4.176.   Chile's very active participation in the WTO 's Trade and Environmental Sustainability 
Structured Discussion (TESSD), which is co -convened by Costa  Rica and Canada, is also greatly 
appreciated.  
4.177.   Finally, Canada would like to welcome the good news that Chile will be depositing  its 
instrument of ratification of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement. It represents another important 
milestone as WTO  Members work together to bring this Agreement into force  as soon as possible, 
for the benefit of all.  
4.178.   This long list of strong, sustained , and energetic engagement by Chile, which I have just 
outlined,  their engagement in the rules -based multilateral trading system and at the WTO, is really 
a testament to the l eadership of H.E. Ms Sofía Boza and her team here in Geneva. My friend Sof ía 
has brought with her a formidable academic background in international trade  and an important 
understanding of public policy and international institutions. She is also a mother o f a young child. 
One of the main principles of a feminist foreign policy and of inclusive trade is leveraging  the 
expertise and the knowledge of women towards their meaningful participation in decision -making 
tables and spaces. Ambassador Boza 's appointmen t as Ambassador and Permanent Representative 
to the World Trade Organization here in Geneva is evidence of Chile walking the talk.  
4.179.   We are pleased to engage with Chile on its Trade Policy Review and look forward to 
continuing and strengthening our strong co llaboration across our shared areas of interest.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  MALAYSIA  
4.180.   First and foremost, please allow me to welcome H .E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary 
for International Economic Relations and her delegation, as well as our esteemed colleague, 
Ambassador Sof ía Boza to the sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile.  
4.181.   Malaysia would like to express our appreciation to the Chilean Government and the 
WTO Secretariat for the invaluable comprehensive Reports that have served as our compass 
throughout this rigorous review process.  
4.182.   We also thank Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng from Singapore for his assessment and 
evaluation of Chile 's trade policy development since its last Review back in 2015. We commend 
Chile's efforts in undertaking various economic liberali zation initiatives as reflected in the Reports, 
and Malaysia is grateful for the opportunity to participate in Chile 's sixth Trade Policy Review.  
4.183.   Chile and Malaysia have a long -standing and cooperative b ilateral relationship, both in terms 
of trade and broader diplomatic engagements. Last year, bilateral trade between Malaysia and Chile 
reached USD  540 million, an increase of 29% compared to 2021. Malaysia and Chile share similar 
interest in promoting a f air and freer trade, as well as regional integration. On this note, the 
Malaysia -Chile Free Trade Agreement (MCFTA) is Malaysia's first free trade agreement with a 
Latin American country, and the Agreement was implemented since February  2012. Malaysia and 
Chile were also among the pioneers in establishing the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement 
for Trans -Pacific  Partnership (CPTPP).  
4.184.   On the multilateral front, Malaysia appreciates Chile 's active and constructive role in the 
WTO, such as the implementatio n of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) as well as in the 
negotiations process in the run -up to the MC13 in issues related to among others, fisheries subsidies 
second wave negotiations, agriculture reform negotiations and food security, e -commerce and WTO 
reform work. As a fellow Cairns  Group member, Malaysia appreciates Chile 's contribution towards 
the agriculture reform work and discussion.  
4.185.   Malaysia also welcome Chile 's participation in the WTO joint initiatives, that Malaysia has 
also taken part in,  on e-commerce, micro, small and medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs), and trade 
and gender informal working group. On this note, Malaysia commends Ambassador Boza 's leadership 
as co-coordinator in the JSI on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD).  
4.186.   Chile's progressive stance on promoting multilateralism and human rights is not only 
laudable but serves as an example for other nations. Such initiatives reinforce the significance of 
inclusive and holistic policies in today's globalized world, ensuring that trade does not stand isolated 
but is integrally linked to broader social and human values.  
4.187.   We are particularly encouraged by Chile's commitment to fostering an open and conducive 
environment for foreign investments. Such measures undoubtedly bolster invest or confidence and 
create a robust ecosystem for sustainable economic development.  
4.188.   Additionally, Chile's endeavours towards decarbonization and promoting renewable energy 
resonate deeply with the global call for sustainable development. Their focus on achieving a just 
energy transition is especially noteworthy, balancing environmental concerns with socio -economic 
priorities.  
4.189.   For this current review, Malaysia had submitted written questions on areas such as tax 
reforms, foreign trade policies, foreign in vestment regimes, measures affecting production and 
trade, government procurement, manufacturing, renewable energy, sustainable development, and 
gender -inclusive policies. Malaysia appreciates the responses furnished, which will provide better 
understandin g to our stakeholders on Chile 's trade and related policies.  
4.190.   In conclusion, Malaysia looks forward to deepening our trade relations with Chile, and 
continues to support Chile 's endeavours in creating a fair, inclusive and sustainable trade 
environment. Wit h that, we wish the delegation of Chile a productive and successful sixth Trade 
Policy Review.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  TÜRK İYE 
4.191.   I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Chile, headed by 
Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relation s of the Ministry of 
Foreign Affairs.  
4.192.   We thank the Secretariat and the Government of Chile for their comprehensive Reports, as 
well as Ambassador Mr  Tan Hung  Seng of Singapore for his invaluable contribution to this review.  
4.193.   Chile is an active participant i n WTO  bodies and negotiations. As a country committed to free 
and open trade, we very much value Chile 's contributions to our work here at the WTO.  
4.194.   Chile is the first Latin  American country that Türkiye has signed an FTA and is our seven th 
trade partner i n the region.  
4.195.   Although our economic and trade relations show growth, it is not at a desired pace. We 
believe that there is potential to further increase our cooperation in many areas.  
4.196.   Our trade volume was close to USD 750 million in 2022.  
4.197.   Our goal is to further increase these numbers in a balanced and mutually beneficial way.  
4.198.   We consider that technical meetings between our relevant ministries for the modernization 
of the FTA are beneficial for both sides.  
4.199.   We believe that convening the nex t Joint Economic Commission meeting in the period ahead 
and setting a road map will help to boost our trade relations.  
4.200.   Furthermore, Turkish -Chilean Chamber of Commerce has formally commenced its operations 
in 2022 to help to facilitate trade between our co untries.  
4.201.   We also would like to promote mutual investments between Türkiye and Chile.  
4.202.   In this context, we consider that expediting the conclusion of the Agreement on the 
Prevention of Double Taxation will have a positive effect in investment field.  
4.203.   We are ready to work with Chile in every possible field to enhance our cooperation.  
4.204.   Before concluding, I want to thank Ambassador Sof ía Boza and her team for the excellent 
preparation for this review.  
4.205.   We wish Chile a very successful Review.  
ARGENTINA  
4.206.   I would first like to join Members in welcoming the delegation of Chile, headed by 
Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, and extend our 
gratitude to our dear colleagues from the Permanent Mission of Chile in Geneva for thei r excellent 
work. Allow me also to thank Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng of Singapore for his presentation.  
4.207.   Chile is a country of strategic importance to Argentina. Our strong economic ties and buoyant 
trade constitute a solid basis for our bilateral relationship , as part of which we share a medium - and 
long-term vision.  
4.208.   In its bilateral relationship with Chile, Argentina has a robust institutional framework that 
serves as a basis for further deepening integration and implementing actions geared towards 
inclusive growth, industrial development and the strengthening of small and medium -sized 
enterprises.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.209.   One of the key matters on the bilateral agenda is our relationship in the area of energy, 
which covers aspects such as trade in natural gas and electricity, the pro motion of energy efficiency 
and renewable energy, and the analysis of projects for new electricity interconnections. In this 
respect, we consider that it is very important for us to continue working together to increase energy 
trade between the two countri es. 
4.210.   Bilateral trade is robust and growing year on year. Following the decline in bilateral trade 
caused by the COVID -19 pandemic, 2022 saw trade flows both recover and exceed pre -pandemic 
figures. Bilateral trade in services is also increasing yearly.  
4.211.   In addition to our growing bilateral trade, Argentina receives a significant amount of foreign 
direct investment from Chile. Around 400  Chilean companies are running more than 700  different 
investment projects throughout Argentine territory. The main sectors f or investment are electricity, 
services, the food industry and mining.  
4.212.   We wish to reiterate the profound importance that we attach to this relationship and our 
strong desire to continue strengthening our ties for the mutual benefit of both nations.  
4.213.   There c an be no questioning the fact that Chile is highly integrated into the global economy 
thanks to its extensive and solid network of trade agreements. As highlighted by the Report prepared 
by Chile for this Review, the country's international trade policy ef forts in recent years have focused 
to a great extent on modernizing existing trade agreements. In this connection, the trade agreement 
between the Argentine Republic and the Republic of Chile, which entered into force on 1  May 2019, 
deepened previously agr eed disciplines and incorporated new commitments in innovative areas such 
as electronic commerce, public procurement, trade and gender, trade and the environment, and 
labour matters.  
4.214.   Since the entry into force of the agreement, our countries have already m ade joint progress 
in trade facilitation; work led by the IT teams of both countries' customs services has resulted in 
significant developments in the area of automation. We have also agreed to cooperate in the areas 
of public procurement, trade and the en vironment, telecommunications, investment and electronic 
commerce.  
4.215.   Argentina greatly appreciates Chile's contributions to the rules -based multilateral trading 
system and its active participation in the activities and bodies of the WTO. Particularly notewor thy 
is Chile's active participation in the agriculture and fisheries subsidies negotiations, and we welcome 
Chile's announcement that it will accede to the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.  
4.216.   Argentina would like to draw special attention to the leadership s hown by Ambassador 
Sofía Boza and her predecessor, Ambassador Matías  Franke, as co -coordinators of the negotiations 
on investment facilitation for development and to the active participation of the Chilean delegation 
in the negotiations on electronic comme rce. Furthermore, we welcome the information provided in 
Chile's Report concerning the public policies implemented to promote a more progressive and 
inclusive international trade policy and, in particular, the development of gender -related trade 
provisions  in trade agreements. We also wish to highlight Chile's active involvement in the Informal 
Working Group on Trade and Gender.  
4.217.   In the context of this Trade Policy Review, the questions submitted by Argentina are aimed 
at broadening our understanding of the policies that Chile plans to implement to make its economy 
more sustainable, of its incentive programmes geared towards production diversification and of its 
legislation on dumping investigations. We appreciate the replies received, which will be carefully  
examined by our colleagues in Buenos  Aires, and hope to continue the fluid bilateral dialogue 
between our delegations.  
4.218.   To conclude, in addition to reiterating our appreciation for this opportunity to exchange views 
and comments on Chile's trade policies a nd practices, we wish to, once again, underscore the 
importance of this transparency exercise in all of its aspects. We wish the Chilean delegation a 
successful conclusion to this Review.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  REPUBLIC OF KOREA  
4.219.   I extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Chile, led by H.E.  Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations. I also express gratitude to Ambassador 
Mr Tan Hung  Seng for his insightful comments as a discussant, and I appreciate the Secretariat and 
the Chilea n Government for the comprehensive Reports prepared for the sixth  Trade Policy Review 
of Chile.  
4.220.   My delegation acknowledges that Chile has implemented a variety of policies to promote an 
open economy and international cooperation. Chile currently has 33  active trade agreements with 
65 economies, covering approximately 88% of the world's GDP and around 96% of Chile's trade.  
4.221.   During the Trade Policy Review, Chile's trade as a percentage of GDP increased from 59% in 
2015 to 75% in 2022. The trade balance in go ods was in surplus, which further increased during the 
review period.  
4.222.   The Republic  of Korea has maintained close cooperation with Chile for an extended period to 
enhance trade and investment between the two countries. The Republic  of Korea signed an FTA wi th 
Chile for the first time in 2003 and since then trade between the two countries has surged more 
than fivefold from USD  1.5 billion in 2004 to about USD  8.3 billion last year. This year marks the 
20th anniversary of signing the bilateral FTA between the two countries, the bilateral summit was 
held between the Presidents of the Republic  of Korea and Chile. Additionally, the Korean Minister of 
Industry visited Chile in late October to discuss ways to strengthen supply chains and expand 
economic cooperation.  The Republic  of Korea and Chile launched the 8th round of talks, on upgrading 
the bilateral FTA on 29  November, covering various sectors, including goods trade, trade facilitation, 
intellectual property, labour, and the environment, as well as energy and minerals.  
4.223.   The Republic  of Korea expresses great appreciation for Chile 's valuable contribution to 
the WTO. A s a founding Member of the Organization, Chile has actively engaged in its work and 
discussions, as well as various joint initiatives. Chile ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 
November  2016. Chile has continued to participate in joint initiatives such as e -commerce, 
investment facilitation for development, and domestic regulation in the service s sector. I would like 
to take this oppor tunity to express my deep gratitude to the Ambassador of Chile, Ms  Sofía Boza, 
for her efforts in coordinating the negotiations on investment facilitation for development with the 
Republic  of Korea .  
4.224.   As many other delegations have mentioned today, my deleg ation once again appreciates 
Chile  's steadfast support and active participation in the rules -based multilateral trading system. The 
Republic  of Korea believes that Chile will continue to contribute to facilitating free trade and 
strengthening the multilate ral trading system. My government  looks forward to continuing to work 
closely with Chile in the arena of international trade.  
4.225.   I wish the delegation of Chile every success in its TPR.  
ECUADOR  
4.226.   Ecuador commends Chile on its Trade Policy Review at the WTO and welcomes 
Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, and her delegation. 
We also wish to welcome Ambassador Sofía  Boza, Permanent Representative of Chile to the WTO, 
and the team from the Mission in Geneva.  
4.227.   We also thank you, Chair, for your presentation at this session and are grateful for the timely 
reports submitted by the Government of Chile and the WTO Secretariat.  
4.228.   We welcome the comments by Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng of Singapore, who has offered 
an efficient assessmen t of the general context and the significant economic and trade elements to 
be considered in this exercise.  
4.229.   The trade relationship between Ecuador and Chile is underpinned by Trade Integration 
Agreement ECA No.  75, which entered into force in 2022 and led to the modernization of the bilateral 
relationship through the deepening of existing disciplines, such as market access and rules of origin, WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  and the incorporation of other disciplines linked to electronic commerce, regional and global value 
chains, product ive linkages and trade facilitation.  
4.230.   Chile is an important trading partner for Ecuador. In 2022, it was the seventh largest 
destination for our non -oil exports and the third largest in the region; transactions that year 
amounted to USD  383 million. Chile i s the ninth largest supplier of goods to Ecuador and the 
sixth largest in the region; transactions in 2022 were worth USD  539 million.  
4.231.   In 2022, non -oil exports from Ecuador to Chile consisted of agricultural and fisheries 
products, such as bananas, flowers , canned fish and shrimp, and value -added products, including 
leather articles. Ecuador imports medicines, fruit and raw materials from Chile. Our trade in services 
is also significant. In 2022, the total trade balance was in the country's favour, standing  at 
USD 749 million.  
4.232.   Ecuador commends Chile for its strong participation in the WTO, its commitment to 
strengthening the multilateral trading system as a guarantee of peace, development and 
cooperation, its comprehensive approach to addressing various trad e-related matters and its 
contribution to the global agenda through its clear leadership in a number of areas.  
4.233.   The Ecuadorian delegation would like to take this opportunity to highlight the significant 
steps forward in Chilean trade policy, particularly si nce the country's last Review. We wish to draw 
attention to, inter alia, Chile's strong participation in the negotiations on the Agreement on Fisheries 
Subsidies and the current sessions on disciplines concerning subsidies that promote overfishing and 
overcapacity, and its leadership in the discussions on electronic commerce, investment facilitation 
for development and services domestic regulation.  
4.234.   Ecuador commends Chile for its effective coordination, together with the Republic  of Korea, 
of the negotiation s on investment facilitation for development.  
4.235.   Chile's commitment to other cross -cutting matters is also well -known. In 2017, for instance, 
it endorsed the Buenos  Aires Declaration on Trade and Women's Economic Empowerment at the 
WTO and is now actively inv olved in the Informal Working Group on Trade and Gender.  
4.236.   Similarly, Chile was among the Members that launched the Group of Friends of MSMEs at 
the WTO for the purpose of promoting informal discussions on the challenges faced by micro, small 
and medium -sized enterprises and was, in principle, the leader of that group.  
4.237.   With regard to trade and the environment, in addition to participating in the Committee on 
Trade and Environment, Chile is a co -sponsor of the Dialogue on Plastics Pollution and 
Environmentally  Sustainable Plastics Trade. Ecuador is one of the coordinators of that dialogue, 
within the framework of which a Ministerial Statement is being prepared ahead of the 
Thirteenth  WTO Ministerial Conference.  
4.238.   Ecuador has submitted written questions through th e Secretariat. We look forward to Chile's 
replies and to continuing the dialogue in the future in order to promote comprehensive and dynamic 
bilateral trade.  
4.239.   Thank you, Chair. We wish Chile and its delegation every success in this transparency 
exercise at the WTO.  
CHINA  
4.240.   I want to start by welcoming the delegation of Chile led by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza , 
Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations , and thanking the Secretariat and Government 
of Chile for the preparation of the TPR Reports. I also want t o thank Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng for 
his inspiring remarks.  
4.241.   China commends Chile for its economic achievement since its last Review in 2015. According 
to the Secretariat  Report, its economy grew steadily between 2014 and 2019. Although hit hard by 
the COVID -19 pandemic, Chile's economy quickly returned to growth in 2021 and its GDP growth 
returned to the pre-pandemic average level in 2022. We also note the positive signs of falling WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
- 31 - 
 
  inflation rate in 2023 and hope Chile could achieve its inflation target s and a full economic recovery 
soon.  
4.242.   We appreciate Chile 's effort in improving the business environment for foreign investors and 
setting up new department for export promotion. In its Government Report, it is worth noticing that 
Chile takes an approach t hat is in line with the WTO rules framework when formulating open policies 
for trade and investment. We encourage Chile's continuous effort in this regard.  
4.243.   On the multilateral front, Chile views WTO as a central pillar of support for the multilateral 
trading system and it reaffirms the importance of WTO with actions. China commends Chile for its 
active participation in and contribution to the work of the WTO. Particularly, China commends the 
leadership and efforts of three Ambassadors of Chile to coordinate  the IFD negotiations, driving IFD 
participants from 10 at the start to about 120 today. With concerted efforts, we concluded the text 
negotiations of IFD agreement this July and we are looking forward to multilateral results at MC13.  
4.244.   We commend Chile for prioritizing sustainability and inclusi veness  in its work at the WTO. It 
co-sponsored  the Statement on Trade and Environmental Sustainability, and actively participated in 
the discussion on e -commerce, MSMEs, trade and gender and plastic pollution. We  have learned 
with pleasure that Chile is going to ratify the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement soon. Chile 's exemplary 
performance in notification to the WTO is another highlight.  
4.245.   On the bilateral front, Chile is a comprehensive and strategic partner to China. We  thank 
Chile for its support to the Chinese people during the difficult days of the COVID -19 pandemic.  
4.246.   Chile and China have extensive cooperation and exchanges in broad areas of trade and 
investment. China is Chile's largest trading partner, and Chile is China's third largest trading partner 
in Latin  America. Cherries from Chile, travelling across mountains and seas, are the most popular 
fruit for Chinese  consumers table in winter. Chile is the first Latin  American country who came into 
a free trade agreem ent with China. In 2022, the bilateral trade volume was USD 67 billion, 9.4  times 
larger compared with the trade volume before implementation of the Free Trade Agreement in 2006.  
4.247.   In October  2021, the AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) mutual recognition a rrangement 
between China  and Chile came into effect, marking another step forward in trade facilitation efforts 
between the two countries. According to the Customs of China, over 800  AEO companies in China 
were exporting to Chile in 2021, accounting for ne arly 20% of China 's total export to Chile.  
4.248.   As the Joint Statement between China and Chile goes, the two sides both uphold openness 
in trade and firmly safeguard the free trade and multilateral trading system. China is looking forward 
to continuing  to deepen global and regional cooperation in with Ch ile. We would like to work closely 
with Chile for the application to join CPTPP and DEPA.  
4.249.   For the purpose of this review, we have submitted written questions to Chile, in order to 
further understand the measures taken by the Government of Chile to facilit ate trade and 
investment.  We are looking forward to the replies and will study them carefully.  
4.250.   Finally, I wish the sixth TPR of Chile a success.  
UKRAINE  
4.251.   On behalf of the delegation of Ukraine, I would like to warmly welcome the distinguished 
delegation of Chile, led by Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, 
H.E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, and express our appreciation to her team and to the WTO Secretariat for 
their substantial work and comprehensive Reports prepared for this Trade Policy Review.  
4.252.   We are also thankful to the discussant, H.E.  Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng of Singapore, for 
his introduction and excellent framing of the issues we are discussing today.  
4.253.   Participation in this Review is a good opportunity for us to express our interest in develo ping 
and further strengthening trade and economic relationships with Chile and get a better 
understanding of its trade policy achievements  since the previous Review in 2015.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.254.   We know that during the period under review, Chile had years of stability when its annual 
GDP growth averaged 2% before it shrank by 6.1% in 2020 due to the COVID -19 pandemic.   
4.255.   Nevertheless, the Chilean economy showed resilience and quickly started recover y in 2021, 
with a real GDP growth rate of 11.7%, exceeding pre -pandemic levels, and of 2.4% in 2022.  Such 
increase was the result of fiscal measures timely implemented by the Government as a response to 
the COVID -19 health crisis, alongside with the pursuit of a stable trade policy, based on open trade.  
4.256.   Those measures allowed the Chilean economy to benefit further from its openness and to 
return to the path of fiscal consolidation in 2022.  
4.257.   We acknowledge that Chile 's GDP per  capita remains one of the highest in Latin  America, 
and it rose steadily over the period 2015 -2022.  
4.258.   At the same time, a combination of external shocks has a negative impact on the Chilean 
economy. The Russia n Federation 's full-scale invasion of Ukraine is one of such harmful factors.  The 
tremendous consequences of the Russian armed aggression conti nue to disrupt global supply chains, 
particularly with regard to food and energy supplies.  
4.259.   Unprovoked and unjustified war of aggression waged by the Russia n Federation  against 
Ukraine directly affects our bilateral trade in goods and services, leading to its substantial decrease 
in 2022 by 31.3% compared to 2021.  
4.260.   Although during nine months of this year our bilateral trade in goods with Chile renewed its 
growth trend, its volume remains far less than it was before the Russia n Federation' s invasion of 
Ukraine. Ukraine 's exports to Chile continue to decrease this year. The balance of trade in goods is 
negative for Ukraine and amounts to USD 33.6 million as of the beginning of October  2023.  
4.261.   Ukraine considers Chile an important economic partner in Latin  Ameri ca. We are confident 
that it is in our mutual interest to expand trade by creating conditions for smooth flow of trade, 
fostering business development, and promoting investments.  
4.262.   Ukraine is ready to work towards further elimination of trade barriers and opening our 
markets, despite the Russian war and other challenges.  
4.263.   We believe that the resumption of the work of the Ukrainian -Chilean Intergovernmental 
Commission will contribute further to intensification of our bilateral cooperation. Mining , agriculture, 
transport, space, aviation, pharmaceutical and energy sectors are the main fields of potential mutual 
interest for both countries.  
4.264.   Ukraine appreciates Chile 's active participation in the WTO  and the  great importance it 
attaches to the rules -based multilateral trading system.  We share Chile 's stance that multilateralism 
and global governance are the best guarantees of peace, development and cooperation.  
4.265.   We applaud the Chilean Feminist Foreign Policy . 
4.266.   Ukraine welcomes Chile 's ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2016 and the 
announced acceptance of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. We highly value Chile's  contribution 
to negotiations on various topics within the WTO, as well as its engagement in various joint 
statement initi atives and informal working groups.  
4.267.   Ukraine also commends Chile 's role in the work of the Cairns Group.  
4.268.   We would like to reassure that Ukraine is ready to work jointly with Chile across different 
WTO bodies to strengthen the multilateral trading system an d to improve trade environment.  
4.269.   In the framework of this TPR exercise, we submitted questions to Chile concerning 
implementation status of the input module created within the Integrated Foreign Trade System for 
trade facilitation, export promotion measures  and their impact on the Chilean economy, the 
"Siembra  por Chile" programme and its results, review and modernization process regarding 
investment promotion and protection agreements. We appreciate Chile 's answers to these questions.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.270.   In conclusion, Ukraine  wishes Chile a very successful 6th Trade Policy Review and growth and 
prosperity to the Chilean people in the coming new year.  
UNITED  STATES  
4.271.   The United  States welcomes head of delegation Ms Claudia  Sanhueza  and the rest of the 
Chilean delegation to the sixth  Trade Policy Review of Chile. We appreciate the Secretariat and 
Government Reports and the opportunity to review the significant work that Chile has undertaken 
in the past eight years.  
4.272.   The U.S. -Chile Fre e Trade Agreement (FTA) is the United  States ' oldest free trade agreement 
with a Western  Hemisphere partner since the renegotiation of the North  American Free Trade 
Agreement. Goods and services trade between our countries totalled USD 40 billion in 2021, which 
is a significant increase from the USD 8.7 billion we traded in 2003, the year before we signed the 
FTA. Given the comprehensive reforms that Chile undertook during the review period, the mature 
trade relationship that it has with the United  States, and it 's potential to play a critical role in a 
sustainable and green future, the United  States looks forward to advancing its cooperation with Chile 
across various areas of mutual interest, including diversity and inclusion, and sustainability.  
4.273.   The United  States commends Chile for its handling of the economic crisis caused by the 
global pandemic, and the efforts it is taking to regain pre -pandemic levels of employment, transition 
towards sustainable growth, and control inflation. We also welcome Chil e's recent legislative, 
regulatory, and policy reforms that bring Chile 's full environmental ambitions to bear. In particular, 
with the promise Chile holds for global critical mineral supply chains, we are keen to see how Chile 
implements its National Lith ium Strategy while maintaining an environment conducive to investment 
in the sector.  
4.274.   Understanding Chile 's goal to attract foreign investment and acknowledging Chile 's 
high-standard investment environment that it has maintained in recent years, the United  States 
notes the importance of protecting the rights of existing investors in the pension, insurance, energy, 
and mining sectors. We observe with interest Chile 's draft pension reform bill, and encourage Chile 
to ensure that any reform is consistent with i ts international obligations, including with respect to 
expropriation and compensation.  
4.275.   As was the case at Chile 's last Trade Policy Review in 2015, the United  States urges Chile to 
take action to address its remaining intellectual property issues. During the period of review, Chile 
strengthened its legal framework by criminalizing trademark falsification and increasing penalties 
for aiding and abetting the trade of various types of illicit goods, among other items. However, 
despite the 20  years sinc e the signing of our FTA, several IP provisions remain unaddressed, 
including protection against the unlawful circumvention of technological protection measures, 
protection for plant varieties, and improvement of its Internet service provider liability fra mework. 
In addition, the United  States asks that Chile ensure that market access for products in Chile will 
not be restricted due to the mere use of certain terms; or, alternatively, that Chile provide 
transparency and procedural fairness to all interested  parties in connection with potential recognition 
or protection of geographical indications. We welcome further engagement with Chile on these and 
other important topics relating to intellectual property rights.  
4.276.   As reflected in our advance written question s, the United  States has great interest in updates 
to amendments to Chile 's General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture of 1989, and the environmental 
and labo ur impacts of the new fisheries law that was submitted to the National  Assembly this year. 
Further i n that vein, we welcome the positive news regarding Chile 's acceptance of the Protocol of 
the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. Finally, we submitted several questions to better understand 
Chile's State Trading Enterprise, COTRISA (Comercializadora de Trig o S.A.).  
4.277.   We view Chile as one of our most trusted and reliable trading partners in the region, and 
believe that our partnership will only strengthen through our work and cooperation under the 
Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity. The United  States thanks Chile for its leadership in 
the Americas Partnership, especially its agreement to lead a new initiative that aims to build the 
region 's civil space industry.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
- 34 - 
 
  4.278.   It was an honour for the United  States to host APEC this year.  Chile was a strong supporter  
of our focus to advance sustainability and inclusivity in trade and investment policy. We very much 
recognize that our success this year built on and was supported by Chile 's extensive work in APEC 
to advance economic empowerment of women.  
4.279.   Thank you for t he opportunity to comment on Chile 's trade policy. We appreciate the 
Undersecretary  and her team for all of their efforts, and we look forward to a robust discussion and 
productive Trade Policy Review.  
URUGUAY  
4.280.   Uruguay wishes to extend a warm welcome to the  delegation of Chile, headed by 
Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, on the occasion of its 
sixth Trade Policy Review and to thank it for its presentation.  
4.281.   We would also like to thank the Secretariat for its comprehens ive Report and Ambassador 
Tan Hung  Seng of Singapore for his insightful interpretation of the Review.  
4.282.   At the bilateral level, Uruguay wishes to highlight that Chile is one of two countries in the 
world with which we have a new generation free trade agreement.  
4.283.   Why are we using the phrase "new generation"? We are doing so because the Agreement 
includes innovative chapters on topics such as labour legislation, the environment, trade and gender, 
regulatory coherence, transparency and anti -corruption meas ures. In this connection, Uruguay 
recognizes Chile as a friend and sister country.  
4.284.   Investment is also very important given that, from 2017 to 2021, we received over 
USD 700 million. This is something that did not occur in the past.  
4.285.   As regards trade in good s, Chile remains one of the top 10 destinations for Uruguayan goods 
exports, particularly meat, offal and dairy products.  
4.286.   Both countries promote the role of MSMEs in international trade and the role of women within 
MSMEs.  
4.287.   At the multilateral level, we both  agree that the WTO plays a key role in the rules -based 
multilateral trading system. This provides us with the certainty needed to ensure that this 
Organization's agreements remain relevant and up to the task of meeting global challenges.  
4.288.   We both represent  medium -sized economies in Latin  America, and that makes us inseparable 
partners. We have worked together to implement the commitments made at the Twelfth Ministerial 
Conference and the agreements aimed at prohibiting subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported 
and unregulated fishing. We have also cooperated in the area of agriculture.  
4.289.   With regard to agriculture, we wish to highlight that we are part of the Cairns  Group, with 
which we have always shared a similar viewpoint. We are also part of the rec ently formed 
Latin American group on agriculture.  
4.290.   Uruguay and Chile are two countries that always agree on COVID -19-related matters, the 
reform of the WTO and the need to have a fully functioning dispute settlement system by the end 
of 2024.  
4.291.   We commend Chi le for its efforts to improve the exports of small and medium -sized 
enterprises, especially those led by women. In this regard, we wish to highlight the role of 
Ambassador Sofía  Boza who, in addition to championing MSMEs and the role of women in 
internatio nal trade, is co -facilitator of the discussions on investment facilitation for development.  
4.292.   In this connection, we wish to thank Ambassador  Boza for her continued collaboration with 
Uruguay in all of this Organization's committees and councils, and extend those thanks to her entire 
team for always maintaining a constructive approach when coordinating positions in the various 
bodies of this Organization.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
- 35 - 
 
  4.293.   We offer them our best wishes for a successful Trade Policy Review.  
PARAGUAY  
4.294.   The Republic of Paraguay wou ld like to extend warm greetings to the delegation of Chile, led 
by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations. We would also like 
to thank you, Chair, for conducting this Review, in addition to the discussant, 
Ambassador  Tan Hung  Seng of Singapore, and the Secretariat for preparing the comprehensive 
Report.  
4.295.   Paraguay and Chile belong to the same region and share historic ties of friendship. We also 
share important trade ties; from 2015 to 2022, Chile was Paraguay's fifth large st trading partner.  
4.296.   As highlighted in both the Secretariat and Government reports, one of the main 
characteristics of Chile's economy is its open trade and the free movement of capital. This openness 
means that Chile's per  capita GDP is one of the highest in Latin  America and has enabled the country 
to remain on a trajectory of stable growth.  
4.297.   Although the Chilean economy, like all economies, was affected by the COVID -19 pandemic, 
we are pleased to see that it made a swift recovery, which enabled it to quick ly return to growth.  
4.298.   It is important to point out that Chile pursues a fiscal policy aimed at achieving structural 
balance and fiscal stability in the medium term. This policy resulted in moderate central government 
deficits in the period 2015 -19, of between 1.7% and 2.9% of GDP.  
4.299.   A tax reform was approved in 2020, which included higher maximum effective tax rates. At 
the same time, the fiscal accounts deteriorated due to the adoption of support measures to mitigate 
the effects of the COVID -19 pandemic,  worth an estimated USD  40 billion between 2020 and 2021, 
which, together with a fall in receipts due to the slowdown in economic activity, pushed the central 
government deficit up to 7.3% of GDP in 2020 and 7.7% of GDP in 2021.  
4.300.   In 2022, Chile returned to the path of fiscal consolidation; the spending cuts, which were 
accompanied by higher revenues, produced a central government surplus of 1.1% of GDP that year.  
4.301.   The new tax reform was introduced in 2023, which sets out, inter alia, to raise taxes, combat 
tax avoidance and evasion and informality, and increase fiscal efficiency.  
4.302.   Bilateral trade between Paraguay and Chile is conducted within the framework of Economic 
Complementarity Agreement No.  35 and the Latin  American Integration Association (LAIA). It has  
been duty -free since 2014.  
4.303.   In 2021, Paraguay and Chile also signed a trade agreement that deepened and updated the 
disciplines of Economic Complementarity Agreement No.  35, including mutually agreed disciplines 
on, inter alia, trade and the environment, t rade and gender, MSMEs, and trade and labour affairs. 
This next generation agreement signified a qualitative and quantitative leap forward in our trade 
relationship.  
4.304.   The Agreement has already been incorporated by both parties and will enter into force 
on 14 February  2024.  
4.305.   Furthermore, Chile plays a fundamental role for Paraguay, a landlocked developing country, 
as it has granted us a bonded warehouse and free zone in the port of Antofagasta on the 
Pacific  Ocean. Following the completion of the bioceanic cor ridor, which is currently under 
development and will link five countries, the port will be one of Paraguay's main logistics centres 
and will connect us to the emerging markets in the Asia and Pacific region. This is a clear example 
of an act of solidarity by a sister country in our region.  
4.306.   On behalf of my country, I reiterate my congratulations to those responsible for leading this 
Review and especially to Ambassador Sofía  Boza and the entire Permanent Mission of Chile, with 
which we share work and particip ate in negotiating groups within various bodies and joint initiatives 
of the WTO. We would like to express particular thanks to Chile for its leadership as co -coordinator WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  of the Joint Initiative on Investment Facilitation for Development and the Working Gr oup on Trade 
and Transfer of Technology.  
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO  
4.307.   Trinidad  and Tobago welcomes this opportunity to participate in the sixth Trade Policy 
Review of Chile. We join others in welcoming to Geneva, and to the WTO, head of delegation 
H.E. Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, as well as all other 
capital -based officials who are in Geneva this week fo r this review. We extend our best wishes for a 
productive Review. We also commend Ambassador Sof ía Boza and her small but formidable team 
for their invaluable contributions here at the WTO, including on trade and transfer of technology, 
investment facilita tion, fisheries subsidies, agriculture, TRIPS, services, MSMEs, trade and gender 
and trade and environment, among other files. In addition, we take this opportunity to highlight the 
imprint that the delegation led by Ambassador Boza has made in wider inter national Geneva, not 
least of all at WIPO.  
4.308.   In addition, we applaud you, Chair, on your able stewardship of this meeting. We also 
recogni ze the diligent efforts of the Secretariat and Chile in the preparation of their respective 
Reports ahead of this review . We recogni ze you as well, Ambassador Tan  Hung  Seng, for your usual 
focused and systematic approach in embracing the role of discussant.  
4.309.   Chile's extensive engagement at the WTO and its robust participation in global trade evidence 
a clear commitment to t he rules -based multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core. Chile 's 
engagement in this house continues to enrich our deliberations and negotiations, not least of all 
within the context of GRULAC, among other configurations. On fisheries and agricu lture, in particular, 
we take this opportunity to highlight Chile 's evident commitment to progress on these files with a 
view to securing meaningful outcomes at MC13. We also take this opportunity to commend 
Ambassador  Boza for her leadership, not least of  all in stewarding participating delegations in respect 
of the conclusion of negotiations on the Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development, ably 
building on the platform provided by the other Coordinators from Chile who preceded her. We also 
applaud her leadership of the Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology in 2023.  
4.310.   In the period since the last Review in 2015, Chile has continued to place empha sis on 
openness and integration into global trade, including by pursuing and implementing b ilateral, 
regional and multilateral trade agreements. Though not immune to the disruptions and deleterious 
impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic, the food insecurity crisis, climate -related challenges and 
inflationary pressures, Chile 's systematic and responsiv e approach to recovery has proven to be 
effective and has featured the judicious use of fiscal and monetary policy, among other tools. GDP 
growth has been, by and large, robust, trade surpluses have been achieved and foreign direct 
investment attraction ef forts continue to be successful. Notwithstanding the importance of mining, 
agriculture and fisheries to export and economic performance, the establishment of ProChile and 
InvestChile has contributed markedly to efforts to diversify and add value to Chilean  exports and to 
reduce reliance on unprocessed primary products for export revenue.  
4.311.   In keeping with continuing efforts to nurture strong bilateral ties between our countries, 
cooperation and trade between Trinidad  and Tobago and Chile have been robust, an d increasingly 
so over the last two decades. Our countries have signed MOUs relating to cooperation in the energy 
sector, as well as on cooperation with respect to intellectual property. On the energy sector, in 
particular, the Chilean market is a key one for energy exports from Trinidad  and Tobago. Broadly 
speaking, Chile has consistently ranked high among the chief export destinations for our 
merchandise exports. In addition, a number of Chilean imports remain key for Trinidad  and Tobago.  
4.312.   Given the strength of this trading relationship, our countries continue to pursue the 
conclusion of a Partial Scope Trade Agreement, with the aim of strengthening trade in goods through 
tariff reduction and elimination, the removal of non -tariff barriers and enhance d cooperation in 
trade -related areas. To this end, the Fifth Round of Negotiations took place just last week, concluding 
in Port of Spain on Friday. My Delegation has taken good note of the fact that a number of the RTAs 
and bilateral trade agreements to w hich Chile is party include provisions and obligations relating to 
new and emerging issues, notably as relates to the digital economy. For example, we are keen to 
secure key insights into the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement signed among Chile, 
New Zealand and Singapore, especially as we consider approaches to the development of the digital WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  economy and opportunities for meaningful engagement in global trade in digital products and 
services. On services as well, we note that services -related disciplines  dominate Chile 's bilateral 
trade agreements and suspect we could benefit from insights on Chile 's experiences on services 
trade liberali zation.  
4.313.   In closing, Trinidad  and Tobago applauds Chile on its evident commitment to an open, 
transparent, rules -based multilateral trading system. We congratulate the delegation in advance on 
the completion of a successful Review.  
PERU 
4.314.   Peru would like to welcome H.E.  Ms Claudia Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International 
Economic Relations, and her distinguished delegatio n. In addition, we add our voice to those 
thanking Chile for the Report on its macroeconomic performance and trade policy regime that it 
prepared for this Review. We must also thank the Secretariat for the Report submitted to Members 
and Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng for his perceptive, detailed comments as discussant.  
4.315.   Our delegation welcomes the efforts geared towards the recovery of Chile's economic growth 
during the period under review. By stabilizing inflation and implementing policies to promote and 
support  production and investment, we are convinced that Chile will meet the most positive growth 
forecasts.  
4.316.   With regard to the measures that Chile has implemented since its previous Review, we wish 
to commend its efforts to modernize its customs service and impl ement the provisions of the 
Agreement on Trade Facilitation. Other measures that we consider relevant are legislative 
amendments such as those relating to industrial property, and the implementation of support 
measures such as the "Siembra por Chile" progr amme, which sought to address the food crisis that 
was caused by factors exogenous to our region and had a significant impact on the most vulnerable 
agricultural sectors.  
4.317.   As regards our bilateral trade relations, Chile is our second largest trading partner  in the 
region; in 2022, trade reached a record value of USD  3.44 billion thanks to the increase in trade in 
steel and chemical products.  
4.318.   Chile is the fifth largest destination for Peruvian agricultural exports and Peru's main supplier 
of fruit. However, d espite our robust bilateral trade, it is our view that there are further opportunities 
for mutual trade in agriculture and textiles. For example, Peru sees opportunities in the Chilean 
market for cocoa, malt beer, cotton clothing and products in other sect ors such as natural gas.  
4.319.   Before moving on to address matters relating to the multilateral system, it would be remiss 
of me not to thank Chile for handing over to Peru the pro-tempore  presidency of the Pacific  Alliance, 
an integration mechanism to which Per u is firmly committed and hopes to continue strengthening.  
4.320.   Now, with regard to the multilateral system, I must commend Chile for its efforts within this 
Organization, particularly its leadership in the negotiations on investment facilitation for 
developmen t and our discussions on the relationship between trade and technology transfer, and its 
active role in processes that are of crucial importance to Peru, such as the discussions on the 
relationship between trade and gender or the environment, the reform of  agricultural trade and the 
negotiations on fisheries subsidies. Here, I commend Chile on its forthcoming ratification of the 
Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, as it is also a sign of our region's commitment to this process.  
4.321.   We would like to express our si ncere appreciation for the fact that this Review has served as 
a framework for Chile to renew its commitment to the stability and soundness of the multilateral 
trading system. It only remains for me to thank the delegation of Chile, a sister country, for t his 
exercise and wish it a successful Trade Policy Review.  
UNITED  KINGDOM  
4.322.   Let me first join others in welcoming Chile 's delegation, led by H.E.  Ms Claudia  Sanhueza . 
Let me also express my gratitude to the delegation – both from Santiago  de Chile and Geneva and WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  to colleagues from the WTO Secretariat for their respective Reports, to the Chair, as ever, and to 
our discussant for his  comments.  
4.323.   In 1823, exactly 200  years ago this year, the champion of Latin  American independence and 
former Britis h Foreign Minister, George  Canning, appointed Christopher  Nugent as the first British 
Consul to Chile, tasking him to promote trade opportunities between our two countries.  
4.324.   Today, Chile and the Uni ted Kingdom  can look back upon a long and fruitful relation ship, 
based on the shared values of democracy, openness, and free and fair trade.  
4.325.   Chile is one of the United  Kingdom's most important trading partners in the region and was 
the first country to sign a trade deal with the UK following our withdrawal from t he EU. Our 
Association Agreement has not only provided continuity for businesses, but also fostered closer 
cooperation between our two countries, allowing us to identify new opportunities for business and 
investors alike.  
4.326.   The UK is particularly grateful to  the Chilean authorities for their cooperation on the issue of 
Export Health Certificates. Since our Association Agreement entered into force in 2021, Chile has 
approved 21  Export Health Certificates , providing new business opportunities for Chilean compan ies, 
and opening up a total import market for UK companies worth approximately GBP 1.4 billion.  
4.327.   We have been able to continue to deepen this close trading relationship through a number 
of recent engagements between our two countries.  
4.328.   Our Trade Ministers w ere able to discuss new areas for collaboration in services, critical 
minerals , and gender equality when they met in London in September for the fourth annual Trade 
Dialogue and our second Association Council.  
4.329.   Our Prime  Minister 's Trade Envoy, Mark  Menzie s, was in Santiago in August when we agreed 
a Memorandum of Understanding between the UK Department for Transport and the Chilean State 
Rail Company, EFE  Trenes  de Chile. He also launched our new Blue Bridge programme, which will 
provide important support to Chilean scale -ups within the aquaculture sector, helping them to 
expand to the UK.  
4.330.   This week our Minister for Exports, Lord  Offord, is in Santiago with a delegation of hydrogen 
companies, exploring how the UK and Chile can collaborate on the production  and distribution of 
green hydrogen. Hydrogen will be a crucial element of the UK and Chile 's shared goal to reach net 
zero by 2050.  
4.331.   The UK looks forward to continuing to explore the many opportunities which continue to be 
generated by our close trade rela tionship with Chile, the most exciting of which are presented by 
the CPTPP.  
4.332.   Once the UK has formally acceded to CPTPP, becoming the first European member to do so, 
the UK and Chile 's trade links will be substantially upgraded, further removing barriers between our 
economies and improving market access, within key areas such as the digital economy, financial 
services, and investment.  
4.333.   The UK is delighted to call Chile a friend. I say this not just thinking of the tangible benefits 
our friendship b rings, but also thinking of the fundamental values our two countries share.  
4.334.   Chile rightly shares our strong commitment to the rules -based multilateral trading system. 
and has played a key role in WTO negotiations on fisheries, technical barriers to trade, and 
agriculture.  
4.335.   We have a shared vision for services, pushing for revitali zed discussions within the WTO, 
and for digital trade, where we have also worked closely together within the E -commerce Joint 
Initiative. We have appreciated Chile 's active and con structive collaboration, including on core 
articles such as cryptography and data.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.336.   The UK and Chile also share a desire to advance trade and gender equality, both 
domestically, and within this Organization. As one of the three co -chairs of the Informal Wo rking 
Group on Trade and Gender, I would like to warmly welcome Chile 's active participation and 
collaboration within that Working  Group, its sharing of knowledge and best practice, not least about 
the impact of  its Feminist Foreign Policy, on its efforts  to support the full integration of women into 
the economy and foreign trade through, for example, the Mujer  Exporta programme and its support 
for women -led exporting companies.  
4.337.   Most of all, our two countries share a deep belief in the value of free and op en trade. Chile 's 
economic success is due in no small part to its openness, manifest in its record breaking number of 
FTAs, and so it is altogether fitting that my dear colleague, Chile 's excellent 
Permanent  Representative  to the WTO, Ambassador Sofía  Boza, should be the co -Chair of the Joint 
Initiative on Investment Facilitation for Development, an initiative which should make it that much 
easier for other developing nations to follow Chile 's example, attracting critical FDI to grow and 
prosper.  
4.338.   I was ple ased to read in the Secretariat Report that, despite the significant pressures it faced 
during the C OVID -19 pandemic, Chile has maintained its historic commitment to openness. We know 
that this will help Chile 's ongoing economic recovery from that crisis.  
4.339.   No matter what economic challenges Chile faces, we are  confident that it can always depend 
upon the ground beneath its feet. Chile remains one of the world 's foremost agricultural exporters, 
providing UK consumers with bottles of the excellent Chilean  País to enjoy with Welsh  lamb, and, 
crucially, it provides much of the world 's lithium and copper supply, vital for the batteries needed to 
power clean infrastructure and the drive to Net  Zero.  
4.340.   As Gabriela  Mistral put it, Chile is blessed by its land: "la tierra que amasa a los hombres de 
labios y pecho sin hiel. La tierra más verde de huertos, la tierra más rubia de mies, la tierra más 
roja de viñas, ¡qué dulce que roza los pies!"  
4.341.   Thank you Chair, discussan t, and to the Chilean delegation, for facilitating this important 
Trade Policy Review.  
PANAM A 
4.342.   First of all, I would like to commend H.E.  Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for 
International Economic Relations, H.E.  Dr Sofía Boza Martínez, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Chile to the WTO, and the entire Chilean delegation for their outstanding work on 
this sixth Review. I also wish to extend my greetings to H.E.  Mr Tan Hung  Seng, Ambassador and 
Permanent Representative of Singapore, who is discu ssant for this Review, and thank the Secretariat 
for its detailed Report.  
4.343.   The trade relationship between Panama and Chile is governed by a Free Trade Agreement, 
which also includes an Agreement on Environmental Cooperation and Cultural Cooperation. This 
broad vision helps us to deepen our relations based on principles that go beyond trade alone. Chile 
is one of the main users of the Panama  Canal.  
4.344.   The balance of trade in goods is highly favourable to Chile. Panamanian exports to Chile 
fluctuated between USD  1.3 million and USD  3.9 million from 2019 to June  2023 and decreased by 
32% between 2021 and 2022. In 2023, our main export to Chile was rum, which accounted for 75% 
of total exports.  
4.345.   Imports from Chile fluctuated between USD  75.5 million and USD  126.5  million from 2019 
to June  2023 and increased by 34% between 2021 and 2022. The products that Panama imports 
the most from Chile are: Pacific salmon, parts of machinery for sorting, medicines, apples, wine and 
fresh grapes.  
4.346.   Chile has successfully navigated str uctural, economic and social changes. It has addressed 
many challenges in the years under review, including fluctuations in the prices of basic commodities 
such as copper, economic stabilization, and the easing of inflation following the COVID -19 pandemic.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.347.   According to the Secretariat's Report, Chile has continued to pursue a stable trade policy, 
based on open trade, at both the multilateral and regional level. It has continued to adapt its trade 
policy to current global challenges, such as those relating to technology, energy and the 
environment. This is reflected in the reforms made to its legislation and regulations, as well as in 
the institutional and procedural changes needed to implement these reforms.  
4.348.   Chile continues to pursue various nation al programmes to promote investment and the 
economy in remote areas of the country; support MSMEs; boost competitiveness and production 
diversification; and foster innovation and new technologies. In addition, in 2023, Chile was granted 
the World  Bank's fi rst loan to promote green hydrogen and support climate change mitigation efforts. 
This project will support the country's energy transition and its commitment to carbon neutrality 
by 2050.  
4.349.   Chile plays a prominent role in the WTO's work and discussions, and  we wish to acknowledge 
the excellent team in Geneva, led by Ambassador  Boza. We would particularly like to congratulate 
Chile for remaining steadfastly committed to its notifications. We also wish to take this opportunity 
to recognize Chile's leadership i n the discussions of the Joint Initiative on Investment Facilitation for 
Development, which it co -chairs.  
4.350.   Chile also participates in the Informal Working Group on MSMEs, co -sponsored the 
communication on trade and environmental sustainability and is involv ed in various environmental 
initiatives.  
4.351.   We remain attentive to the development of the discussion during this Review and wish Chile 
a successful sixth  Trade  Policy  Review.  
EL SALVADOR  
4.352.   On behalf of the Government of El  Salvador, I would like to join the del egations that have 
preceded me in welcoming the distinguished delegation of the Government of the Chile, led by the 
Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, and 
Ambassador  Sofía Boza, in her capacity as Permanent Represent ative of Chile to the WTO, as well 
as all of our friends who have come from the capital and from the Mission here in Geneva.  
4.353.   I would also like to thank Ambassador  Tan Hung  Seng and the Secretariat for the excellent 
Report presented.  
4.354.   It is an honour for El  Salvador to participate in this exercise in transparency. In these times 
of global uncertainty, in which we are faced with various challenges internationally, this exercise 
provides us with a broad and in -depth view of the trade policies that Chile has ado pted since its 
previous Review.  
4.355.   We wish to begin by commending Chile for its commitment to the multilateral trading system 
and to the objectives that we are all pursuing.  
4.356.   Our bilateral trade relations have grown in strength since 1999, when we signed the F ree 
Trade Agreement between Central America and Chile, and were further deepened with the signing 
of the Bilateral Protocol between Chile and El  Salvador in 2000.  
4.357.   At the multilateral level, Chile participates actively in WTO deliberations on various topics  
that form part of the Organization's three trade agenda strategies: strengthening the multilateral 
trading system, restoring the Appellate Body and reviving the negotiating arm.  
4.358.   Like others, I would like to highlight Ambassador  Sofía Boza's leadership wit hin the 
Organization, particularly as co -Chair of the Joint Initiative on Investment Facilitation for 
Development, which led to the successful conclusion of the negotiations on the text of the 
Agreement.  
4.359.   Chile and El  Salvador work very closely together on various topics on the multilateral agenda, 
including agriculture, joint initiatives and decisively promoting women's economic empowerment. In WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  this regard, I would like to mention Chile's active involvement in the Informal Working Group on 
Trade and Gender.  
4.360.   We hope that trade relations and cooperation between Chile and El  Salvador will continue to 
gain in strength going forward.  
4.361.   All that remains is for me to wish Chile every success in this Review.  
INDONESIA  
4.362.   Let me join others in welcoming the delegations fr om Chile, led by 
H.E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations. We would also like 
to thank the Secretariat for its comprehensive Report, Chair, and the discussant, Ambassador 
Tan Hung  Seng of Singapore, for leading today 's discussion.  
4.363.   We applaud Chile 's active participation in the World Trade Organization. In this forum, Chile 's 
commitment to the principle of transparency, open trade, and collaboration is critical in fostering a 
global economic environment that benefits al l Member s.  
4.364.   In this regard, we also appreciate active cooperation and engagement of the Chile Permanent 
Mission in Geneva, led by Ambassador Sofía  Boza, and hope that such cooperation could further 
expand to broader areas of common interest.  
4.365.   Chile's econom y has undeniably benefited from its openness and integration into the global 
economy. Notably, Chile 's GDP per  capita is one of the highest in Latin  America, expected to reach 
USD 15,164 in 2022. This remarkable achievement reflects Chile 's economic polici es, effectiveness, 
and its ability to navigate the complexities of global trade.  
4.366.   In the face of unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID -19 pandemic, Chile 's resilience 
and economic growth are truly commendable. The measures implemented to address the impacts 
of the pandemic have not only bolstered Chile 's economy, but also served as an inspiration for other 
nations navigating these uncertain times.  
4.367.   Indonesia recognizes and values its long -standing bilateral relationship with Chile. Mutual 
cooperation and understanding between our two countries have aided in the strengthening of 
economic ties, creating opportunities for trade and investment. I would like to emphasize the strong 
and long -standing diplomatic relations that have existed between Indonesia a nd Chile since 1964.  
4.368.   The Indonesia -Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership, or ICCEPA, is a significant 
milestone in the trade sector, as it is Indonesia 's only Comprehensive Economic Partnership 
agreement with countries on the American continent.  ICCEPA, a testament to our nations ' strong 
ties, aims to boost competitiveness. It is a critical tool in facilitating the recovery of the Indonesian 
economy following the challenges posed by the COVID -19 pandemic, increasing labour absorptions, 
encouraging  foreign investment, and fostering economic cooperation and the development of micro, 
small, and medium -sized enterprises between our countries.  
4.369.   Since the signing of ICCEPA, the bilateral trade between Indonesia and Chile has been a 
remarkable increase, r eaching US D 433 million between January and September  2022, marking a 
substantial increase of 45% compared to the same period in 2021.  
4.370.   Indonesia 's main exports to Chile include vehicles, foo dware, fertilizer s, electrical equipment, 
and rubber, while Chile 's main exports, such as copper, pulpwood, molluscs, crustaceans, and edible 
foods.  
4.371.   In terms of services, total trade reached US D 80 million in 2021, with Indonesia exporting 
services worth US D 40 million and importing services from Chile worth US D 40 million. 
Transportation services, other business services, telecommunication services, financial services, and 
travel services are key sectors in Indonesia 's service s exports.  
4.372.   Furthermore, in terms of investment, we are pleased to note that the value of Chile's 
investment in Indonesia for the year 2023 is anticipated to be US D 247,000, reflecting a WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  remarkable  154% increase compared to the previous year. This investment spans various sectors 
including service s sectors, basic metal industry, housing and ind ustrial areas, as well as hotels and 
restaurants.  
4.373.   This multi -faceted collaboration underscores the deep and brief of our partnerships fostering 
economic growth, trade and investment between Indonesia and Chile. We look forward  to continuing 
our shared jour ney toward s prosperity and mutual benefit.  
KINGDOM  OF SAUDI  ARABIA  
4.374.   The Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia is pleased to take part in the sixth Trade Policy Review of Chile 
and would like to extend a very warm welcome to the distinguished delegation of Chile headed by 
H.E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations of Chile.  
4.375.   We thank Chile and the WTO Secretariat for their detailed and comprehensive Trade Policy 
Review Reports. We also thank the discussant H .E. Mr Tan Hung  Seng, Ambassador and Permanent 
Representative of Singapore to the WTO for his insightful comments.  
4.376.   The Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia commends Chile for the growth of its real GDP in 2021 which 
was up 11.7% exceeding pre -pandemic levels. We praise Chile for the many i nstitutional changes 
that were made during the review period, including the creation of the Under -Secretariat for 
International Economic Relations as well as the General Directorate for Export Promotion.  
4.377.   The Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia congratulates Chile for its trade policy which has been adapting 
to current global challenges, and this is clearly reflected in the reforms made to its legislation and 
regulations in addition to the institutional and procedural changes needed to implement these 
reforms.  
4.378.   We also p raise Chile for its engagement in the multilateral trading system through 
discussions, initiatives and joint proposals in many areas of the WTO, as Chile is a staunch advocate 
of the concept that the rules -based multilateral trading system can drive growth , job creation, 
innovation and food security in the world. We also express our thanks to H.E. Dr Sofía Boza Martínez, 
Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Chile for her key leadership role in the Working Group 
on Trade and Transfer of Technology and as a Facilitator to the Investment Facilitation for 
Development in addition to her active role in the multilateral negotiations and various plurilateral 
initiatives, and we also thank her delegation for the cooperation between our two missions.  
4.379.   To conclude , the Kingdom  of Saudi  Arabia congratulates Chile for the solid economic 
performance and wishes the delegation of Chile a very successful Trade Policy Review.  
BARBADOS1 
4.380.   Barbados to warmly welcomes H.  E. Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International 
Economic Relations of Chile and her team to Geneva on this the occasion of the country 's sixth  Trade 
Policy Review (TPR).  
4.381.   We thank Undersecretary Sanhueza for her very enlightening country statement, and the 
discussant, H.  E. Mr Tan Hung  Seng (Singapore), for his illuminating analysis. The WTO Secretariat 
is also to be commended for its usual thorough preparation of this Trade Policy Review.  
4.382.   As have all recogni zed that challenges that the COVID -19 pandemic presented, and Chile 
like many othe r WTO  Members, was not speared from its impacts. The Chilean Government has 
however speared no efforts in ensuring that its fiscal and monetary policies is responsive to these 
challenges, and its trade policy is adaptive to contemporary global technologica l, energy and 
environmental challenges.  
4.383.   In speaking to these we wish to highlight three main areas.  
 
1 Statement delivered during the second day of the meeting.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  4.384.   First, we take particular note of the slew of sustainable development legislative and strategy 
reforms, that the Chilean Government has put in place since its last Review. Among these are, Chile 's 
national energy policy – Energy  2050, Electricity Matrix Decarbonization Plan, the Just  Energy 
Strategy, National Green Hydrogen Strategy, National Electromobility Strategy, Framework Law on 
Climate Change; the Nat ional Energy Efficiency Plan 2022 -26 and the Financial Strategy on Climate 
Change which collectively sets ambitious objectives of: reali zing carbon neutrality by 2050; ensuring 
that at least 80% of the electricity produced in the country comes from renewab le sources by 2030 
and 100% by 2050; and promoting "green" financing, and positioning Chile as a regional and global 
leader in green finance. The fact that Chile has already recorded substantial increases its capacity 
to generate electricity from renewable  sources, and has continued to stimulate the incorporation of 
this type of energy into its energy matrix is highly commendable and augurs well for Chile 's social, 
environmental and economic development prospects.  
4.385.   Second, we recogni ze the novelty in conclu ding a Digital Economy Partnership Agreement 
(DEPA) with New  Zealand and Singapore in 2022 as a means of utili zing the digital economy to 
promote economic and social development, particularly as it relates to setting standards for data, 
the promotion of in teroperability between different regimes and addressing new issues like 
regulatory technology (RegTech), cooperation on artificial intelligence and digital inclusion.  
4.386.   And third, Chile 's prioriti zation of micro, small and medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs) 
including through the provision of inventive such as the General Investment Guarantee Fund 
(FOGAIN), and the Small Business Guarantee Fund (FOGAPE) as well as its recognition of the role 
that these entities play in the provision of tra de in digital goods and services, including through the 
lens while underscoring the importance of inclusive economic development as a means of achieving 
digital inclusion.  
4.387.   Chile's commitment to multilateralism and to the multilateral trading system is not only 
embedded in its foreign trade policy, it is manifested in its active and invaluable participation in the 
various areas of the WTO 's work, including in areas that are of core importance to Barbados, namely 
on fisheries subsidies, development, environme nt, MSMEs, trade and gender and WTO reform. The 
work of its Geneva -based team in particular is much -admired. Here, we would particularly wish to 
commend H.  E. Ms Sofía Boza Martínez for her leadership in co -coordinating the negotiations of the 
Agreement on  Investment Facilitation for Development – an Agreement which has the potential to 
boost economic growth and foster sustainable development in developing countries and LDCs.  
4.388.   In closing, Barbados wishes Chile a successful conclusion to its sixth Trade Poli cy Review.  
  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  5  REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF CHILE ( MS MARCELA OTERO)  AND ADDITIONAL 
COMMENTS  
5.1.  First of all, let me convey the greetings of Under -Secretary  Claudia  Sanhueza, who was unable 
to attend this second session and asked me to deliver these words o n her behalf.  
5.2.  We appreciate all of the pleasant and constructive statements made on Monday. This exercise 
has given us the opportunity to outline the progress made and the trade policy challenges we face. 
The valuable comments we received are fundamental f or us to assess and continuously improve the 
design and implementation of our trade policy. For Chile, this is an essential exercise in transparency, 
enabling us to share our trade policy objectives and the progress made and to obtain feedback from 
delegat ions that have shared their comments and concerns.  
5.3.  Allow me to reiterate our steadfast commitment to the multilateral trading system, and 
especially to the WTO.  
5.4.  I would also like to express special thanks to Ambassador  Saqer  Abdullah  Almoqbel, Chair of 
the Trade Policy Review Body, and to highlight the excellent and well -structured statement by 
Ambassador  Tan Hung  Seng in his capacity as discussant for this Review.  
5.5.  In my statement, I will cover aspects of our trade policy that were brought up by various 
delegations. I will also report on the challenges that we face as a country and how we are working 
to overcome them. I will then address some of the specific topics raised by certain delegations. 
Lastly, I will comment on our expectations for the upcoming WTO Ministerial Conference.  
5.6.  On behalf of Chile, I am grateful for the recognition of the trade, investment and sectoral 
policies developed by Chile to support our integration into the global economy and thus promote our 
economic, social and environmental d evelopment. As we said on Monday, international trade is a 
crucial component of our development strategy. The multilateral trading system and the WTO play 
a pivotal role in that regard, providing a regulatory framework that promotes equity, transparency 
and cooperation between countries. We are committed to strengthening our involvement in that 
system by working together with our international partners to build a fairer and more inclusive and 
sustainable global trading environment.  
5.7.  Chile is strongly committ ed to inclusiveness in international trade. Our foreign policy priorities 
include: strengthening multilateralism, adopting a feminist approach, promoting and defending 
human rights, and developing an environmental and climate agenda that seeks to protect t he 
biodiversity of oceans and forests.  
5.8.  Chile's trade policy has three main pillars: opening up to foreign trade, promoting our exports 
and attracting investment. These long -standing trade policy priorities contribute to Chile's 
integration into the global trading system.  
5.9.  I would now like to look more closely at our short - and medium -term development goals.  
5.10.   For years, Chile has been committed to, and interested in, fostering sustainable development, 
seeking to leverage our comparative advantages in or der to generate clean energy and move 
towards a fair and sustainable energy transition that promotes decarbonization.  
5.11.   As such, our country was one of the first in the world to update its commitments to climate 
action. In 2021, we set out our Long -Term Clim ate Strategy, which provides a roadmap to carbon 
neutrality. This entails setting emissions thresholds for each economic sector to ensure that we stay 
within our 2030 national carbon emissions budget, in line with the commitments made in the 
Paris Agreemen t. 
5.12.   In 2022, Chile adopted the Framework Law on Climate Change, which provides a legal 
framework to enable Chile to take on these challenges, both in terms of mitigation and adaptation.  
5.13.   The National Green Hydrogen Strategy adopted in 2020 and the 2020 -2023 Action Plan are 
key components of this state policy and seek to draw on our comparative advantages in the 
production of solar and wind energy. Promoting the green hydrogen industry enables us not only to WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  tackle the challenge of climate change but also to d iversify the energy matrix and produce new 
goods and services with greater added value.  
5.14.   In addition, the 2023 -2030 Green Hydrogen Action Plan will set out a number of steps to 
ensure the participation of various sectors and the creation of the appropriate institutional 
framework, all of which will be subject to high inclusion and gender -related standards.  
5.15.   With respect to the great interest in, and the queries concerning, Chile's strategic role in 
advancing electromobility, we are currently developing our Na tional Lithium Strategy. The aim of 
this strategy is to spur the development of the lithium industry in order to dovetail Chile's economic 
progress into the energy transition. An announcement will be made shortly as to how private -sector 
players can partic ipate more in this productive sector. We are keenly interested in public -private 
partnerships and are looking for strategic partners for project development.  
5.16.   With the National Lithium Strategy, we are seeking to generate added value through 
innovation and technology and to promote productive linkages. The strategy will help to attract 
foreign direct investment to the country so that we can create more complex products and services, 
rather than simply extracting critical minerals.  
5.17.   Chile continues to be an at tractive market for investment. In recent years, we have been 
working hard to speed up procedures and cut down the sector -specific permits required when setting 
up investment projects, with a view to boosting our country's competitiveness and productivity.  We 
will soon submit draft laws aimed at streamlining these processes and providing greater certainty 
for the development of projects.  
5.18.   In order to promote productivity and meet our environmental commitments, Chile is also 
working on a structural reform of the Environmental Impact Assessment System, with the aim of 
simplifying and streamlining the system and increasing its predictability. The draft law sets out broad 
measures to address the length of assessment procedures and create more certainty, along wit h 
specific measures to exempt small wind farm and photovoltaic power plant projects from the 
environmental assessment, a process that will be required only for projects with major 
environmental impacts.  
5.19.   This year, Chile published its Productivity Agenda an d recently established an Interministerial 
Committee on Economic Growth, Development and Employment tasked with coordinating efforts to 
monitor and ramp up private and public investment and job creation in our country.  
5.20.   I will now briefly respond to some of  the specific comments that were made on Monday in 
connection with this review.  
5.21.   Concerning the Price Band System, as reported in the previous review, Chile amended the 
calculation procedures in 2003 in order to make them predictable, transparent and 
non-discriminatory. Although the 2003 legal amendment provided for a gradual reduction in the 
bands' floor and ceiling levels, Chile consistently monitors the system to determine whether 
improvements are needed.  
5.22.   With regard to customs brokers, the Trade Facilita tion Agreement entered into force in 2017 
and was ratified by Chile. The Agreement recognizes the institutional framework in place on that 
date. Since then, Chile has not made any changes to the customs broker system.  
5.23.   Several Members asked about Chile's in clusion in the WTO Information Technology 
Agreement, and we can report that technical work is under way domestically to that end.  
5.24.   In response to some Members' interest in Chile's participation in the WTO Agreement on 
Government Procurement, we can inform y ou that Chile has made significant progress in this regard 
through our network of trade agreements, with 18  agreements now containing chapters on 
government procurement. However, Chile stands, as ever, ready to raise its standards in this area.  
5.25.   Furthermore , foreign direct investment has played an essential role in Chile's economic 
development. Key factors that have helped us to promote and attract investment include our stable 
and transparent legal framework and our extensive network of trade agreements.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  5.26.   In this regard, we remain committed to maintaining and improving the investment climate, 
as reflected in Chile's participation in discussions on the Investment Facilitation for Development 
Agreement.  
5.27.   The various reforms and policies currently under developme nt, such as those concerning 
renewable energies, lithium and pensions, will include measures to promote an investment -friendly 
environment and will also reflect Chile's international commitments, ensuring respect for investors 
already established in the co untry.  
5.28.   As we noted in our initial statement, Chile fulfils its international commitments, particularly 
those relating to the WTO. We can therefore report that yesterday we submitted the instrument of 
acceptance for the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies. Thi s Agreement is particularly relevant for 
Pacific  Rim countries, which are grappling with the over -exploitation of marine resources.  
5.29.   We can also report that we are in the final stage of updating the decree containing the list of 
least-developed countries wi th preferential access.  
5.30.   At the WTO's Thirteenth Ministerial Conference (MC13), Chile will seek to strengthen and 
modernize the Organization within the context of the reform process. Drawing inspiration from the 
achievements of MC12, we will focus our effor ts on restoring the dispute settlement mechanism and 
defining mandates to address current global challenges, such as the triple planetary crisis, food 
security and inclusiveness.  
5.31.   In the negotiations, we will emphasize the need to include the Investment Fac ilitation for 
Development Agreement in the WTO architecture, extend the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, 
maintain the e -commerce moratorium and achieve key results in the negotiations on agriculture, in 
line with the mandate set out in Article  20. 
5.32.   We also  see MC13 as an opportunity to strengthen the participation of small enterprises and 
marginalized groups in international trade. A cross -cutting approach should be taken to promote 
development, increased productivity, innovation and international cooperati on. 
5.33.   In conclusion, I would like to thank Members for their interest in Chile's Review and reiterate 
that outstanding questions will be answered shortly.  
DISCUSSANT  
5.34.   The sixth  Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Chile, which attracted close to 400 questions 
from 24 Members and 33  national statements, has been a constructive and fruitful exercise. This 
TPR has allowed us to deepen our understanding of Chile 's trade and investment policies, as well as 
take stock of significant developments since t he last Review in 2015. This morning, I would like to 
share my observations by addressing three questions.  
5.35.   First, what are some of the key areas in which Chile has done well in this year 's TPR? Based 
on the statements delivered, there are four areas. One, Members have commended Chile for 
successfully responding to the challenges of the pandemic by adopting mitigating policies and 
measures swiftly, including its fiscal stimulus package. Two, many Members have also commended 
Chile's active efforts to pro mote trade and investment liberalization through its extensive networks 
of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), as well as the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). 
Three, Chile 's active role and constructive contributions at the WTO, especially its leade rship in the 
Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on Investment Facilitation with the Republic  of Korea , is appreciated 
by a large number of Members across the development spectrum. In fact, Chile 's timely acceptance 
of the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement yester day was testament of its commitment to the multilateral 
trading system. Four, many Members also commended Chile for its efforts (including at APEC and 
the WTO) that have supported economic empowerment of women.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  5.36.   Second, what are some areas in which Chile ca n do better, as highlighted by Members? Let 
me focus on three areas.  
a) One, there are continued calls for Chile to join the Government Procurement Agreement. 
This will buttress the multilateral trading system, and reinforce Chile 's commitment to the 
WTO.  
b) Two, some questions were raised regarding Chile 's intellectual property regime, including 
the level of protection accorded to rights -holders against the unlawful circumvention of 
technological protection measures and protection for plant varieties. It appear s that this area 
requires additional attention given that it was also raised in Chile 's 2015 TPR.  
c) Three, Chile 's environmental policies are also top of mind for many Members, who have 
sought greater clarity of these policies, including the Environmental Im pact Assessment 
System, and their impact on Chile 's trade and investment climate. Members have expressed 
hope that the environmental impact assessment could be done expeditiously in order to 
provide greater certainty for investors.  
5.37.   Finally, what can Chile  do to be more prepared for the future? In this connection, I must say 
that Chile has been rather spot -on in focusing on sustainability and digitalization as two priorities. 
They are absolutely critical to future -proof their economy.  
a) On the sustainability  front, as DG Ngozi has articulated at COP28 just last week, "we need 
to use every weapon in our arsenal to fight the climate crisis ", and "trade policy tools can 
help countries increase low -carbon goods uptake by reforming imports tariffs, rethinking 
government procurement and promoting trade facilitation ". In this connection, Chile is one 
of the co -facilitators in TESSD, and had participated actively in  the Informal Dialogue on 
Plastics (IDP) Pollution And Environmentally Sustainable Plastics Trade.  
b) On the digital front, Chile has also made demonstrable efforts to embrace digitalization, 
which has transformed the way governments, businesses and people operate. According to 
the joint International Organizations' Report on Digital Trade and Development by U NCTAD, 
OECD, IMF, World  Bank and WTO, cross -border digitally delivered services represent the 
fastest growing segment of international trade. According to McKinsey, nearly 20%  of global 
sales in 2021 were made from online purchases. In this context, Chile 's effort to harmonize 
digital trade rules at the national, regional and multilateral level are commendable, and we 
welcome Chile 's active participation in the JSI on E -Commerce.  
5.38.   In closing, let me encourage Chile to continue to embrace inno vation, digital transformation 
and sustainability, as well as support and strengthen the rules -based multilateral trading system  
which I am confident that they will do.  
EUROPEAN  UNION  
5.39.   On behalf of the EU, I would like to express our sincere appreciation to  the delegation of Chile, 
led by Ms  Claudia  Sanhueza, Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations, and Ambassador 
Sofía Boza, and to our close friend Marcela  Otero, for the active engagement in this Trade Policy 
Review. Special thanks to Ambassado r H.E.  Mr Tan Hung  Seng (Singapore) for his insightful remarks 
as the discussant.  
5.40.   The EU thanks Chile for the timely and comprehensive replies to our advance written 
questions. We do not have any follow -up questions.  
5.41.   This TPR has confirmed that Chile continues to maintain a trade policy focused on 
liberalization, expanding market access, and fostering domestic and foreign investment. With a GDP 
per capita ranking among the highest in Latin  America, Chile clearly is reaping the benefits of these 
policie s. 
5.42.   Chile's dedication to trade openness is evident in its trade agreements covering over 
60 economies, extending beyond market liberalization to address digital markets, e -commerce, 
value chains, environment, gender, and MSMEs. We acknowledge the ratification of the CPTPP and 
the successful conclusion of the EU -Chile Advanced Framework Agreement, marking a significant 
milestone in our bilateral relationship.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  5.43.   The EU highly values its long -standing  relationship with Chile. Therefore, we would like to  use 
this occasion to highlight the signing of the new EU -Chile Advanced Framework Agreement later 
today – this very afternoon, in fact -, aimed at fostering our modern and progressive partnership, 
making 99% of trade tariff -free and deepening the cooperat ion with focus on sustainability, gender 
equality, and green and digital transition.  
5.44.   This TPR has also echoed EU 's positive view on Chile's active role in the WTO, Ambassador 
Boza's leadership on the Investment Facilitation for Development, Chile 's partici pation in the 
Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement, and active engagement in the work strands on 
gender and MSMEs. The EU especially congratulates Chile on the very recent and timely ratification 
of the Phase 1 Fisheries Subsidies Agreement.  
5.45.   In the run -up to MC13, the EU eagerly anticipates collaborating with Chile on the WTO reform, 
promoting inclusiveness, and achieving positive outcomes across the board.  
5.46.   On behalf of the EU, I congratulate Chile for concluding this successful sixth Trade P olicy 
Review.  
UNITED  STATES  
5.47.   The United  States would like to thank the entire Chilean delegation for their engagement and 
participation in this review, as well as for their continued efforts to support and enrich the work of 
the WTO. We appreciate all the e ffort that goes into a review and all the internal coordination 
required to respond to all the written questions, so we want to thank you for everything you have 
done to make this review a success.  
5.48.   As many Members noted on Monday, Chile has an open and sta ble economy that benefits 
from fruitful engagement in many bilateral and regional trade agreements. The United  States values 
its own partnerships with Chile and looks forward to continuing to work with Chile in areas of mutual 
interest, including sustainab ility and inclusivity in trade.  
5.49.   The United  States joins other Members in commending Chile 's initiatives to enhance the 
economic empowerment of women and its work to expand the participation of micro, small, and 
medium -sized enterprises (MSMEs) in trade. W e also commend Chile for its recently announced 
ratification of the Protocol of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.   
5.50.   As raised by the United  States in our opening statement, we continue to urge Chile to address 
certain issues concerning the protection o f intellectual property rights. Despite some positive actions 
taken towards this objective by Chile in the period of review, several intellectual property areas still 
require attention. In addition, the United  States urges Chile to ensure that it provides transparency 
and procedural fairness to all interested parties in connection with potential recognition or protection 
of geographical indications. We welcome working with Chile on these important matters.  
5.51.   We th ank Chile for its attention to our written questions and we will submit any follow -up 
questions according to the deadlines set. Among the issues for which we seek additional information 
are: implementation of Chile 's National Lithium Strategy; updates to a mendments to Chile 's General 
Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture; the environmental and labo ur impacts of the new fisheries law 
that was submitted to the National Assembly this year; and the operation of certain Chilean state 
trading enterprises; among other topics.  
5.52.   We would like to commend Chile for its overall support for WTO principles and its active 
engagement at the WTO, and would welcome working with Chile on ongoing and future initiatives. 
Since its last Review Chile joined the WTO Trade Facilitation A greement, and we encourage Chile 's 
greater participation in the Trade Facilitation Committee. In particular, we would like to draw Chile 's 
attention to two proposals the United  States and other Members are supporting in that Committee.  
5.53.   In October, Türkiye,  Canada, Chinese  Taipei, the European  Union, Honduras, Japan, Tonga, 
the United  Kingdom, and the United  States circulated a communication within the Trade Facilitation 
Committee that focuses on facilitating humanitarian relief in emergency situations.  We w ould 
welcome collaboration with Chile as we continue to share experiences and build a knowledge base 
on how Trade Facilitation Agreement implementation can be used as a tool for disaster or pandemic WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  preparedness, in particular ensuring that procedures are put in place before they are needed to 
enable the movement of humanitarian goods in the event of crisis.  
5.54.   Likewise, in October the United  States circulated a communication in the Trade Facilitation 
Committee that highlights the role that robust implementati on of the Trade Facilitation Agreement 
can play in improving the safe, quick, and cost -effective movement of agricultural and food products 
to where they are needed.  We would also welcome collaboration from Chile in this regard.  
5.55.   In addition to supporting t hese proposals, we join other Members in encouraging Chile to 
pursue negotiations to accede to the Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement and would 
welcome working with Chile to advance that process.  
5.56.   On Monday, many Members recognized Chile 's demonstrated commitment to an open, 
transparent, and rules -based multilateral trading system. The United  States hopes that Chile will 
continue this commitment as well as encourage others to adhere to these critical principles.  
5.57.   In closing, we would like to r eiterate the value the United  States places on its long -standing  
relationship with Chile  in our bilateral trade relations, here at the WTO, and in other fora such as 
APEC. We look forward to continued cooperation with Chile, and congratulate it on a successful  TPR. 
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  6  CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON  
6.1.  The sixth  Trade Policy Review of Chile has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our 
understanding of recent developments in its trade, investment, and economic policies since its 
previous Review in  2015. The 427  advance written questions submitted by 24  Members and the 
interventions of over 30  delegations during the two -day meeting testify to the importance attached 
by Members to Chile's trade and investment policies and practices.  
6.2.  I would like to t hank the delegation of Chile, headed by H.E.  Ms Claudia  Sanhueza, 
Under -Secretary for International Economic Relations on the first day, and by Ms  Marcela  Otero, 
Director General for Multilateral Economic Relations on the second day, for their constructive  
participation in this exercise. My thanks go also to our discussant H.E.  Ambassador Tan  Hung Seng, 
Permanent Representative of Singapore to the WTO, for his insightful and thought -provoking 
remarks, and to all delegations that took the floor for their val uable contributions.  
6.3.  During this review, Chile was commended for its robust economic performance, and for its able 
handling of the economic crisis caused by the COVID -19 pandemic, which was in great part due to 
Chile's commitment to maintaining an open eco nomy and to the implementation of sound 
macroeconomic policies, which in turn allowed its economy to quickly recover. Members 
acknowledged that Chile had benefited greatly from its openness and integration into the world 
economy, receiving large FDI flows and achieving one of the highest GDP per  capita in Latin  America.  
6.4.  Members highlighted the importance of Chile's active engagement in regional trade initiatives 
and other international economic fora. They praised Chile for its extended network of RTAs cove ring 
more than 60  economies, and the steps it has taken to modernize these agreements by introducing 
innovative provisions on topics such as digital trade, the environment, SMEs, and trade and gender. 
Several Members expressed interest in deepening their R TAs and commercial exchange with Chile.  
6.5.  A common thread running through Members' statements was an appreciation for Chile's stable 
and open trade and investment regime, while also addressing the sustainability, technological and 
inclusiveness dimensions of  trade. They also appreciated Chile on its recently issuance of Feminist 
Foreign Policy and its actions to increase the participation of women in international trade. Members 
also appreciated Chile on its ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in  2016, and welcomed 
the announcement that yesterday Chile ratified the WTO Fisheries Subsidies Agreement.  
6.6.  Chile was praised for its strong commitment to the multilateral trading system and its active 
participation in numerous WTO bodies and initiatives, in cluding on WTO reform, agriculture, 
e-commerce, services domestic regulation, MSMEs, investment facilitation, environmental 
sustainability, and trade and gender. In particular, Members highlighted the instrumental role of 
H.E. Ambassador Sof ía Boza, as co -chair of the Joint Initiative on Investment Facilitation for 
Development, in leading it to a successful conclusion, in addition to her leading role as a chairperson 
of the Working Group on Trade and Transfer of Technology.  
6.7.  Members commended Chile on its ac tions to transition to renewable energy sources and 
towards achieving decarbonization. Recognizing its abundant resources in critical minerals and the 
significant role Chile can play in the global energy transition, a number of Members were keen to 
know mo re about the implementation of Chile's national strategies on lithium and green hydrogen. 
Members commended Chile on its attractive and stable investment environment and noted the 
importance of maintaining existing standards of protection for investors.  
6.8.  Overall, Members were highly appreciative of the legal and institutional reforms in Chile's trade 
regime over the period under review, its strong advocacy to pursue openness, inclusiveness, and 
sustainability in trade policy both at the regional and multil ateral levels. In this regard, some 
considered that there was room for improvement in areas such as the price band system for certain 
agricultural products, some SPS measures, intellectual property issues and economic diversification. 
Some Members also enc ouraged Chile to consider acceding to the GPA and to the Information 
Technology Agreement.  
6.9.  In conclusion, the delegation of Chile has clearly demonstrated that it places a high value on 
the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and the multilateral trading system  through its active 
engagement over this two -day meeting.  WT/TPR/M/451 • Chile  
 
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  6.10.   Let me thank again the delegation of Chile, the discussant and all delegations that have 
participated. My thanks also go to the Secretariat for their hard work throughout this exercise.  
6.11.   Finally, Me mbers look forward to receiving answers to any outstanding and follow -up 
questions within the customary one month, at which time this Review will be concluded.  
 
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