G/STR/N/ 19/USA  
 
29 June 2022  
(22-5010) Page: 1/38 
Working Party on State Trading Enterprises  Original: English  
 
STATE TRADING  
NEW AND FULL NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XVII:4(A) OF THE  
GATT 1994 AND PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE UNDERSTANDING ON  
THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE XVII  
UNITED STATES 
The following communication, dated and received on 28  June 2022, is being circulated at the request 
of the delegation of the United States.  
 
_______________  
 
 
Pursuant to Article XVII:4(a) of the GATT 1994 and Paragraph 1 of the Understanding on the 
Interp retation of Article XVII, and in response to the call for notifications set forth in document 
G/STR/N/19, the United States makes the following new and full notification of its state trading 
enterprises:  
I. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION  
1. Enumeration of State  Trading Enterprises  
a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC).  
b) Description of products affected  
Commodities eligible for CCC programs are defined in the legislation or regulations for the specific 
program. Commodities currently covered by CCC include but are not limited to: Honey (0409), 
Chickpeas (0708), Lentils (0708), Dry Peas (0708), Wheat (1001) , Barley (1003), Oats (1004), Corn 
(1005), Rice (1006), Sorghum (1007), Soybeans (1201), Peanuts (1202), Flaxseed (1204), 
Rapeseed (1205), Sunflower seeds (1206), Canola (1207), Crambe (1207), Safflower (1207), 
Mustard Seed (1207), Sugar  (1212), Cotton (52 01), Mohair (5102), and Wool (4102).1 
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a government -owned and operated entity within the 
U.S. Department of Agricult ure (USDA). CCC was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm 
income and prices. CCC also helps maintain balanced and adequate supplies of agricultural 
commodities and aids in their orderly distribution.  
 
1 See, e.g., Agricultural Act of 2014 (PL 113 -79) and Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 
(PL 115-334). G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  b) Legal authority  
CCC was incorporated on 17 Oct ober 1933, under a Delaware charter with a capitalization of 
USD 3 million. It was initially managed and operated in close affiliation with the Reconstruction 
Finance Corporation, which funded its operations. On 1 July 1939, CCC was transferred to USDA by 
the President's Reorganization Plan I. It was reincorporated on 1 July 1948, as a federal corporation 
within USDA by the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (62 Stat. 1070; 15 U.S.C. 714).  
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a) Summary statement providing overview of operations of the state trading enterprise  
The CCC Charter Act, as amended, authorizes CCC to support prices of agricultural commodities, 
including through purchases and sales of agricultural commodities.  
b) Specificat ion of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any product.  
Organization:  CCC is managed by a Board of Directors, subject to the gener al supervision and 
direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex officio Director and Chairman of the Board. In 
addition to the Secretary, the Board consists of seven members who are appointed by the President 
of the United States with the advice  and consent of the Senate. The members of the Board and the 
Corporation's officers are all officials of USDA. CCC has no operating personnel. Its activities are 
carried out primarily through the personnel and facilities of agencies within USDA.  
Financing:  CCC has an authorized capital stock of USD 100 million held by the United States, with 
the authority to have outstanding borrowings of up to USD 30 billion at any one time.  
Funds may be borrowed from the U.S. Treasury and may also be borrowed from private  lending 
agencies and others. Interest on any borrowings from the Treasury (and on capital stock) is paid at 
a rate based upon the average interest rate of all outstanding marketable obligations (of comparable 
maturity date) of the U.S. Government as of th e preceding month. Interest may also be paid on 
other notes and obligations at a rate prescribed by the CCC and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury.  
Export Programs:  CCC is authorized to make sales from its inventories to export markets. 
However, CCC  has not done so since 1995.  
Import Programs:  CCC has not engaged in import activity.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
As noted, CCC does not have the exclusive right to export or import, or otherwise market, any 
product. All agricultural commodity import and export activities within the customs territory of the 
United States may be freely entered into by private sector tr aders without any special conditions or 
restrictions.  
d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
During the notification period, CCC did not import or export any commodities.  
e) How export prices are determined  
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Not applicable (see 3 (d)).  
g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obl igations entered into by the 
government  
Although CCC may be authorized by law to negotiate long -term sales contracts, such authority is 
not currently used.  
h) Description of market structure  
Agricultural commodity markets are characterized by numerous indepen dent buyers and sellers.  
4. Statistical Information  
Table I:  Import information by product: Not applicable; no products imported.  
Table II:  Export information by product: Not applicable; no products exported.  
Table III:  Domestic activities where state trading  enterprise also trades products internationally:  
Not applicable; no products traded internationally.  
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
During the period, CCC did not engage in exports or imports because such activity was not required 
to achieve CCC's mission.  
6. Additional Information  
None.  
II. ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM FUND  
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
The United States maintains the Isotope Production and Distribution Program Fund (IP&D) within 
the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).  
b) Description of products affected  
The products affected are isotopes under Harmonized Tariff System headings 2844 and 2845.  
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing an d/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
DOE provides radioactive and stable isotope products and associated services to a wide and varied 
domestic and international market. The IP&D produces and sells radioactive and stable isotopes, 
by-products, surplus  materials, and related isotope services. These products and services are sold 
worldwide and are used for a variety of research, development, biomedical, and industrial 
applications. The program's objectives are to produce and distribute isotopes for resea rch and 
development, medical diagnostics and therapy, and other applications that are in the national 
interest.  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  b) Summary of Basis for Exclusive Rights or Privileges  
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 provides the basic authority for DOE to produce and distribute  
isotopes and to support research and development of new isotope products and technology.  
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a) Overview  
Since the mid -1950s, this program and its predecessors have been at the forefront of the 
devel opment and production of stable and radioactive isotope products that are now used 
world -wide. DOE applies its unique expertise and capabilities to address technology issues associated 
with the application, production, handling, and distribution of isotope s. Adequate supplies of medical 
and research isotopes are essential to maintain effective diagnosis, treatment, and research 
capabilities in the United States. The program produces isotopes where there is inadequate U.S. 
private sector capability or other production capacity is insufficient to meet U.S. needs. The specific 
materials sold under the program are listed in Annex  I. 
 
The program also develops improved means of producing and separating isotopes that are needed 
to serve the national interest. Such  services include, but are not limited to, irradiation services, 
target preparation and processing, source encapsulation and other special preparations, analyses, 
chemical separations, and the lease of stable isotopes for research purposes.  
 
The program su pports the production and development of production techniques of radioactive and 
stable isotopes that are in short supply. Isotopes are high -priority commodities of strategic 
importance for the United States and are essential for energy, medical, national  security, and basic 
research. A goal of the program is to make critical isotopes more readily available to meet U.S. 
domestic needs. To this end, the program functions as a business and, therefore, focuses attention 
on the quality of products and services , customer satisfaction, cost control, marketing, pricing 
stability, and revenue and cash collections.  
 
The IP&D sells isotopes to government entities, domestic purchasers, and to foreign purchasers.  
 
DOE coordinates its activities with commercial producers to ensure the continued availability of 
essential isotopes. DOE is streamlining its activities by consolidating or privatizing wherever possible 
to reduce the cost to U.S. taxpayers.  
b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or priv ileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
See (a) above.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private companies and universities engaged in the production and distribution of isotopes are 
permitted to import and export isotopes.  
d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprise  
To ascertain current and future demands of the community, the program develops working groups 
with other federal agencies, fosters interactions between customers and program staff, obtains data 
from site visits, attends society exhibitions, and develops strategic plans and priorities with 
community input. Research on market sizes, pricing pressures, and  customer feedback is also 
obtained through independent surveys and studies, as well as program management assessments.  
e) How export prices are determined  
Prices charged for the program's products are based on production costs, market value, and research 
needs. G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Import prices are determined by production costs and market value.  
g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to ful fil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Long-term contracts are negotiated often with price discounts for quantity purchases.  
h) Description of market structure  
The worldwide isotope market has three major components: medical, industry (inc luding homeland 
security), and scientific (non -medical) research. This market is characterized by high barriers to 
entry, production facilities that are primarily government owned and operated, and demand driven 
by a few major commercial customers. The num ber of suppliers for selected major isotopes is 
growing due to a shortage of suppliers for these key isotopes used in hospitals and the private 
sector.  
4. Statistical Information  
2019-2021: Table I. The IP&D is engaged in the primary production and distribution of stable 
(enriched) and radio active isotopes, not their importation. Some stable (enriched) isotopes were 
purchased through a domestic vendor that may have imported the material.   
2019-2021: Table II. Cobalt -60 (HS 2844.40.0010) was not sold to foreign customers during this 
reporting period. Heavy water (HS 2845.10.0000) was not exported during this reporting period.  
2019-2021: Table III: Because IP&D is engaged in the primary production of isotopes for distribution, 
domestic purchases of thes e materials are typically not made by IP&D. However, multiple stable 
isotopes were purchased domestically in 2021 for use as feedstock in radioisotope production. 
Cobalt -60 (HS 2844.10.0000) was sold domestically in 2021 in the form of irradiated targets. Heavy 
water (HS  2845.10.0000) was not sold domestically in 2019 -2021.  
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
Not applicable.  
6. Additional Information  
None.   G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  ANNEX 1  
 
List of isotopes sold in 2020 and 2021  
Actinium -225, -227 
Aluminum -26 
Americium -241, -243 
Argon -40 
Arsenic -73 
Astatine -211 
Barium -130, -132, -133, -135, -137, -138 
Berkelium -249 
Cadmium -106, -109, -111, -114 
Calcium -40, -42, -43, -44, -48 
Californium -252 
Cerium -134, -136, -138, -140, -142 
Chlorine -35, -37 
Chromium -53 
Cobalt -60 
Copper -63, -65, -67 
Curium -244, -248 
Dysprosium -161, -164 
Erbium -166, -168 
Europium -153 
Gadolinium -148, -155, -156, -157, -158 
Gallium -69, -71 
Germanium -68, -72, -73, -74, -76 
Hafnium -178, -180 
Helium -3 
Holmium -166m  
Iridium -191 
Iron-54, -56, -57, -58 
Lanthanum -138 
Lead-204, -206, -207, -208, -212 GEN  
Lithium -6  
Lutetium -176, -177 
Magnesium -24, -25, -26 
Mercury -198, -199, -200, -201, -202 
Molybdenum -94, -95, -96, -97 Neodymium -143, -144, -145, -146, -150 
Neptunium -237 
Nickel -58, -62, -63 
Osmium -190 
Oxygen -16 
Palladium -102, -105, -106, -108  
Platinum -194, -195 
Plutonium -239, -240, -242, -244 
Polonium -209 
Potassium -40, -41 
Promethium -147 
Radium -223, -224, -226 
Rhenium -185 
Rubidium -83, -87 
Ruthenium -99, -100, -101 
Samarium -147, -149 
Selenium -72, -74, -75, -82 
Silicon -32 
Silver -107, -109 
Sodium -22 
Strontium -82, -84, -86, -87, -88, -89 
Technetium -99 
Tellurium -130 
Thallium -205 
Thorium -227, -228, -229 
Tin-112, -114, -116, -117, -118, -122 
Titanium -44, -47, -48, -49 
Tungsten -180, -182, -183, -184, -186, -188 
Uranium -233, -234, -235, -238 
Xenon -124 
Ytterbium -171, -172, -176 
Zinc-65, -66, -68, -70 
Zirconium -88, -90, -91, -92, -94 
 
III. POWER ADMINISTRATIONS  
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprises  
a) Identification of state trading enterprises  
The United States maintains the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville), Southeastern Power 
Administration (Southeastern), Southwestern Power Administration (Southwestern), and Western 
Area Power Administrat ion (Western) within the DOE. Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western 
had no foreign transactions in the current or recent reporting periods. Information on these 
three  entities is being provided for transparency purposes.  
b) Description of product affected  
The product affected is Electrical Energy, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2716.  
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprises  
The Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) market wholesale electricity gene rated at hydroelectric 
dams owned and managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and the 
United  States Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Bonneville also markets electricity generated 
by a nuclear plant owned and operated by Energy Nort hwest, and by a non -federally owned and G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  operated hydro project. The federal government began to market electricity after Congress 
authorized the construction of the dams and established major water projects by the Corps and 
Reclamation, primarily in the 19 30s through the 1960s. The Corps and Reclamation operate these 
projects to provide or manage water for such multiple purposes as irrigation, flood control, 
navigation, recreation, water supply, and environmental enhancement. These agencies also 
generate el ectricity at hydropower plants located at federal water projects. The PMAs sell the power 
that is not used for project purposes to cooperatives and public bodies, such as municipal utilities, 
irrigation districts, military installations, and to other utili ties, and any power surplus to those needs 
to other power purchasing entities.  
In addition to the more general purposes above, the self -financed Bonneville is obligated to meet 
requesting publicly -owned utilities' loads in its Pacific Northwest marketing a rea; own, operate, and 
maintain a high -voltage transmission system; encourage conservation; and to protect, mitigate and 
enhance the fish and wildlife of the Columbia River and its tributaries. Bonneville sells at wholesale 
and at cost the electric power p roduced at 31 operating federal hydroelectric projects owned and 
operated by the Corps and Reclamation, and the electric power produced by the non -federally owned 
and operated nuclear and hydro plants previously mentioned. Bonneville acquires and sells 
non-Federal electric power and conservation resources sufficient to meet the net, non -generating, 
requirements of Bonneville public customers. Bonneville's Administrator and the Corps' Division 
Engineer, Northwestern Division, are directed by Executive Order to be the U.S. Entity overseeing 
the execution of the 1961 Columbia River Treaty between the United States and Canada.  
b) Legal authority  
The PMAs are separate and distinct entities within the Department of Energy (DOE), operating 
pursuant to their enabling l egislation, including the Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977.  
The Bonneville Project Act of 1937 (Project Act) established the Bonneville Power Administration 
within the Department of the Interior (later incorporated into the Department of Energ y). The 
Bonneville Project Act, the Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, the Pacific 
Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980, the Columbia River Treaty of 1961, 
and other federal laws contain provisions that define  Bonneville's mission and/or affect the way it is 
carried out.  
The missions of the Southeastern Power Administration and the Southwestern Power Administration 
are set forth in section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  
The authority for Western Area Power Administration's operations derives from the federal 
reclamation laws, in particular section 9(c) of the Reclamation Project Act of 1939, and consistent 
with section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1944.  
3. Description of the Functioning of the State Trad ing Enterprises  
a) Overview  
The PMAs sell electric power generated by hydroelectric projects (and others as noted) owned and 
operated by Reclamation or the Corps, who also provide or manage water for such multiple purposes 
as irrigation, flood control, naviga tion, recreation, municipal water supply, and environmental 
enhancement.  
b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprises  
The PMAs, except the self -financed Bonneville, are funded by a variety of methods, including annual 
appropriations to DOE and use of PMA receipts. The non -Bonneville PMA revenue that is not used to 
fund PMA activities is deposited in the Miscellaneous Receipts account and the Reclamation Fund in 
the U.S. Treasury. The PMAs are exempt fro m Federal income taxation and from state and local 
taxation.  
Bonneville is a self -financed federal entity. Bonneville is authorized to use the proceeds in the BPA 
fund without appropriation and without fiscal year limitation. BPA's revenues are not part of  the G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  general funds of the U.S. Treasury. To finance its capital programs, Bonneville is authorized by the 
Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act of 1974, as amended, to issue to the U.S. Treasury 
up to USD 7.7 billion of interest -bearing bonds with  terms and repayment conditions comparable to 
debt issued by U.S. government corporations. Bonneville is statutorily treated (16 U.S.C 838i (c)) 
as a wholly -owned U.S. Government corporation under provisions of the Government Corporation 
Control Act (31 U. S.C 9106) for purposes of its financial and budget operations.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprises that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
More than 3,000 private investor -owned, local go vernment -owned, and cooperatively -owned utilities 
engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity are permitted to import and 
export electricity.  
d) How import/export levels are determined by the state trading enterprises  
The PMAs may import and export electricity as authorized by each PMA's legislative authority and 
by its management. Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western do not import or export power to 
other countries. A portion of the firm power output generated at federal and non -federal mid -
Columbia River projects is owned by Canada (Canadian Entitlement) under the terms of the Columbia 
River Treaty, and Bonneville delivers that power to Canada primarily at the US/Canadian border on 
behalf of the U.S. Entity and is obligated to d o so through at least 16 September 2024. Additionally, 
from time to time, Bonneville may import or export short -term non -firm or firm energy or capacity.  
The PMAs are not required to obtain export authorizations. Import and export levels are determined 
by supply and demand.  
e) How export prices are determined  
Bonneville exports surplus power at market -based rates.  
f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
The costs Bonneville incurs to purchase imported power are incorporated into the power -related 
production costs for the agency. Firm power is sold to customers at cost -based firm power rates. 
The price of surplus power sales is set at market prices. This market price can vary significantly, 
depending on market conditions. Any excess revenue der ived from the sale of surplus power is used 
to reduce future firm power rates, ensuring that the agencies do not recover more than their full 
power -related costs.  
g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprises. Whether the 
state trading enterprises are used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
Bonneville, Southeastern, Southwestern, and Western sign long -term contracts for the sale of 
federally -generated power within the United States. The Columbia Ri ver Treaty provides for the 
delivery of the Canadian share of the Treaty's downstream power benefits to the Canadian border 
through at least 16 September 2024, of approximately 4.3 Terawatt hours annually.  
h) Description of market structure  
The structure for the electricity market is competitive. Private investor -owned utilities, both U.S. 
and foreign -owned, government instrumentalities, and government -owned providers of electricity, 
are engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity i n the United States. The 
regional electric grids are interconnected with Canada and Mexico. There is no tariff on electricity.  
4. Statistical Information  
See attached tables.  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
Not applicable.  
6. Other information  
None.  
IV. STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE  
1. Enumeration of the state trading enterprise  
a) Identification of state trading enterprise  
The United States maintains the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) within the DOE.  
b) Description of product affected  
The p roduct affected is Crude Petroleum, Harmonized Tariff System Number 2709.  
2. Reason and Purpose  
a) Reason or purpose for establishing and/or maintaining state trading enterprise  
The SPR is a crude oil stockpile, managed by the DOE. The SPR mission is to reduce v ulnerability to 
economic, national security, and foreign policy consequences of supply interruptions.  
b) Legal authority  
The SPR was created pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 22 December 1975 
(Public Law 94 -163), as amended, to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum 
products and to carry out obligations of the United States under the Agreement on an International 
Energy Program.  
3. Description and Functioning of the State Trading Enterprise  
a) Overview  
The United States, through the SPR, owns and operates four underground storage facilities for crude 
oil with a combined design storage capacity of 713.5 million barrels. The SPR acquires both domestic 
and imported crude oil through purchase and exchange. T ogether the facilities and crude oil 
represent more than a USD 39 billion national investment.  
During an emergency "drawdown" of crude oil from the reserve, DOE is to competitively sell and 
distribute the crude oil to purchasers primarily through commercia l pipelines and marine terminals.  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  In FY 201 9, 2020 and  2021 the SPR performed a number of drawdowns/sales of crude oil, some of 
which to fund SPR modernization efforts, as mandated by various legislations listed in the table 
below.  
Drawdown Legislation  FY 2019  FY 2020  FY 2021  
Bipartisan Budget Act 2015 (Public Law 114 -74 Section 404) ESIM 
Sale (or Modernization Sale)  4.2  6.6 
Bipartisan Budget Act 2015 (Public Law 114 -74 Section 403)  5 5 5 
21st Century Cures Act (Public Law 14 -255) 6   
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115 -141)  4.9 5.1 
Total Annual Drawdown Volume  15.2 9.9 16.7 
b) Specification of exclusive or special rights or privileges enjoyed by the state trading 
enterprise  
The SPR is an agency of the United States Government funded by annual appropriations for the 
Strategic Petroleum Reserve Account and by the SPR Petroleum Account. During an emergency 
drawdown and sale of crude oil, the SPR Petroleum Account is the source o f funding the incremental 
costs of withdrawing oil from the storage caverns and transporting it to the point where purchasers 
take title.  
c) Type of entities other than the state trading enterprise that are allowed to engage in 
importation/exportation and conditions for participation  
Private companies engaged in the exploration, production, refining, storage, and distribution of crude 
oil are permitted to import and export crude oil.  
d) How import/export levels are established for s tate trading enterprise  
Oil is replaced in accordance with Reserve fill plans as determined by legislative or Administration 
direction.  
e) How export prices are determined  
The price of SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financial ly responsible 
offerors.  
f) How the resale prices of imported products are determined  
Imported and domestic crude oil is commingled in the underground storage facilities. The price of 
SPR crude oil sold is determined through competition open to all financiall y responsible offerors.  
g) Whether long -term contracts are negotiated by the state trading enterprise. Whether the 
state trading enterprise is used to fulfil contractual obligations entered into by the 
government  
The SPR has historically used exchange contrac ts in the past to refill the Reserve and has multiple 
options available for future refill operations.  
h) Description of market structure  
The structure of the crude oil market is international and competitive. Vertically -integrated oil 
companies and independen t companies, both U.S. and foreign -owned, are engaged in the 
exploration, production, refining, storage, and distribution of crude oil in the United States. The API 
degree schedule used to calculate tariff rates is published in the Harmonized Tariff Schedu le of the 
United States at www.usitc.gov .  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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  4. Statistical Information  
See attached tables.  
5. Reason why no foreign trade has taken place  
For SPR sales, bidders are not required to specify the destination(s) for their purchased crude. Given 
the highly volatile nature of the oil market, buyers and sellers need to react to what could be very 
different market realities from one day to the next.  The crude could end up flowing to U.S. domestic 
refineries, exported, entered into storage, or some sold to another company for subsequent resale, 
depending on the market dynamic at the time. It would be difficult to determine the final destination 
of SPR  crude or require the buyer to specify final destination(s) for the crude. The difficulty in linking 
exports to SPR sales is made worse by the fact that the purchased oil could comingle or be swapped 
between the winning bidder and destination buyer. To dem onstrate compliance to federal export 
legislation and transparency with how legislatively directed crude oil sales are managed, perhaps in 
the future the SPR may evaluate how crude oil sales are reported, and record that in Tables I - III. 
6. Additional Infor mation  
None. 
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
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STATE TRADING: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2019  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, NESOI  - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 13 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2020  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, NESOI  - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 14 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2021  
Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound 
with Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, NESOI  - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; 
compound inorganic/organic, 
NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  Not Applicable  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 15 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2019  
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total 
Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National 
Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, NESOI  - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  1,118,921 MBq  USD 15,134,542 
total Unknown  USD 13.53/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0.078 kg  USD 475,115 
total Unknown  USD 6,094,352/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 16 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2020  
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total 
Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National 
Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, NESOI  - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  1,700,877 MBq  USD 29,163,691 
total Unknown  USD 17.15/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0.012 kg  USD 88,790 total  Unknown  USD 7,308,998/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 17 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2021  
Description of Product Including HS 
Number  Total 
Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National 
Production  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & 
Compound, NESOI  - 
HS 2844.40.0020  Unknown  5,571,987 MBq  USD 25,280,901 
total Unknown  USD 4.54/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  Unknown  0 USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  Unknown  0.039 kg  USD 190,835 
total Unknown  USD 4,920,576/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 18 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2019  
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National 
Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
NESOI  -  
HS 2844.40.0020  USD 0 Unknown  9,552,796 MBq  
USD 2.27/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  USD 0 Unknown  2.36 kg  
USD 779,276/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 19 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2020  
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National 
Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enter prise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
NESOI  -  
HS 2844.40.0020  USD 0 Unknown  3,571,402 MBq  
USD 4.68/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  USD 0 Unknown  47.3 kg  
USD 44,725/kg  Unknown  
 
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 20 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: ISOTOPES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2021  
Description of Product Including 
HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading Enterprises  National 
Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Element, Isotope & Compound with 
Radioactivity only -  
HS 2844.40.0010  USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Radioactive Element, Isotope & Compound, 
NESOI  -  
HS 2844.40.0020  USD 0 Unknown  3,262,299,499 MBq  
USD 0.004/MBq  Unknown  
Heavy Water (deuterium oxide) - 
HS 2845.10.0000  USD 0 Unknown  USD 0 Unknown  
Isotopes, except heading 2844; compound 
inorganic/organic, NESOI  -  
HS 2845.90.0000  1.42 kg  
USD 1,026,620/kg  Unknown  100.2 kg  
USD 26,605/kg  Unknown  
Source : National Isotope Development Center, Oak Ridge, TN.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 21 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2019  
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported1 Quantity 
Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise2 Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Mark -up National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.54 cents/kWh  N/A 4,128 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.54 cents/kWh  N/A 4,128 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.54 cents/kWh  N/A 4,128 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  59 billion kWh  Op Agr eements: 
0.01 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 
.15 billion kWh  USD .0367/kWh  
@ MidC  10.54 cents/kWh  N/A 4,128 billion kWh  
 
1 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022 ", published March 29, 2022  – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview , p. 127 . Total Electric 
Power Net Generation  
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (e.g., October 2018 – September 2019) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all 
power originating outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2022", published March 24, 2022 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers (all sectors average price ). Cents are USD cents.   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 22 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2020  
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported4 Quantity 
Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise5 Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price6 Mark -up National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  61 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.59 cents/kWh  N/A 4,007 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  61 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.59 cents/kWh  N/A 4,007 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  61 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.59 cents/kWh  N/A 4,007 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  61 billion kWh  Op Agr eements: 
0.01 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 
.10 billion kWh  USD .0214/kWh  
@ MidC  10.59 cents/kWh  N/A 4,007 billion kWh  
  
 
4 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022, published March 29, 2022 " – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview , p. 127. Total Electric 
Power Net Generation . 
5 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (e.g., October 201 9 – September 20 20) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all 
power originating outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
6 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for Februar y 202 2", published March 24, 2022 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers  (all sectors average price ). Cents are USD cents.   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 23 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2021  
 Description of 
Product 
Including HS 
Number  Total Quantity 
Imported7 Quantity 
Imported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise8 Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price9 Mark -up National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  53 billion kWh  0 N/A 11.18 cents/kWh  N/A 4,116 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  53 billion kWh  0 N/A 11.18 cents/kWh  N/A 4,116 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  53 billion kWh  0 N/A 11.18 cents/kWh  N/A 4,116 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  53 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
0.01 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 
.14 billion kWh  USD .0494/kWh  
@ MidC  11.18 cents/kWh  N/A 4,116 billion kWh  
 
 
7 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022 ", published Ma rch 29, 2022. – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, p. 127. Total  Electric 
Power Net Generation.  
8 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (e.g., October 20 20 – Septembe r 2021) - rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all 
power originating outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
9 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 202 2", published Mar ch 24, 2022 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers (all sect ors average price).  Cents are USD cents.   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 24 -  
TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2019  
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported1 Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise2  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price3 Average Export 
Price  National 
Producti on1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.54 cents/kWh  N/A 4,128 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.54 cents/kWh  N/A 4,128 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.54 cents/kWh  N/A 4,128 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  20 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
3.9 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 
0.8 billion kWh  N/A 10.54 cents/kWh  USD .0367/kWh  
@MidC  4,128 billion kWh  
  
 
1 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022 ", published March 29, 2022 – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview,  p. 127. Total Electric 
Power Net Generation.  
2 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2018 – September 201 9) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all power 
syncing outside the US and flowing across BPA system trans mission.  
3 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 202 2", published March 24, 2022 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers (all sectors ave rage price).  Cents are USD cents.   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 25 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2020  
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported4 Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise5  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price6 (in USD)  Average Export 
Price  National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.59 cents/kWh  N/A 4,007 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.59 cents/kWh  N/A 4,007 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 10.59 cents/kWh  N/A 4,007 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
3.9 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 
0.5 billion kWh  N/A 10.59 cents/kWh  USD .0214/kWh  
@MidC  4,007 billion kWh  
  
 
4 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review,  March 2022 ", published Mach 29, 2022 – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, p. 127. Total Electric 
Power Net Generation..  
5 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 201 9 – September 2020) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all power 
syncing outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
6 Energy Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 202 2", published  March 24, 2022 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers (all sectors average price).   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 26 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2021  
 Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported7 Quantity Exported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise8  Average 
Procurement 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales 
Price9 (in USD)  Average Export 
Price  National 
Production1 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 11.18 cents/kWh  N/A 4,116 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 11.18 cents/kWh  N/A 4,116 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716  14 billion kWh  0 N/A 11.18 cents/kWh  N/A 4,116 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - 
HS 2716 14 billion kWh  Op Agreements: 
3.8 billion kWh  
Other Exports: 
0.3 billion kWh  N/A 11.18 cents/kWh  USD $.0494/kWh  
@MidC  4,116 billion kWh  
 
 
7 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022, published March 29, 2022" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, p. 127. Total E lectric 
Power Net Generation.  
8 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2020 – September 2021) rather than calendar year amounts. Bonneville amounts include all power 
syncing outside the US and flowing across BPA system transmission.  
9 Energ y Information Administration, "Electric Power Monthly with Data for February 2022", published March 24, 2022 - Table 5.3 Average Price of Electricity to 
Ultimate Customers (all sectors average price).   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 27 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2019  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading 
Enterprises1 National Production2 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise1 National Consumption2 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  360.1 million kWh  4,128 billion kWh  9.13 billion kWh  3,954 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  225.2 million kWh  4,128 billion kWh  7.76 billion kWh  3,954 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  6.5 billion kWh  4,128 billion kWh  36.9 billion kWh  3,954 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  4.0 billion kWh  4,128 billion kWh  75.6 billion kWh  3,954 billion kWh  
 
1 Southeastern  amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2018 – September 2019) rather than calendar year amounts.  
2 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022", published March 29, 2022 – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, p. 127. Total Electric 
Power Generation. Also, "National Consumption " is equal to "Total End Use " in Table 7.1.   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 28 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2020  
 Description of 
Product Including HS 
Number  Domestic Purchases 
By State Trading 
Enterprises3 National Production4 Domestic Sales By  
State Trading 
Enterprise1 National Consumption2 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 335.0 million kWh  4,007 billion kWh  8.91 billion kWh  3,856 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 233.9 million kWh  4,007 billion kWh  7.00 billion kWh  3,856 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 6.0 billion kWh  4,007 billion kWh  32.0 billion kWh  3,856 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 
2716 3.4 billion kWh  4,007 billion kWh  84.8 billion kWh  3,856 billion kWh  
 
3 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2019 – September 2020) rather than calendar year amounts.  
4 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022, published March 29, 2022" – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, p. 127. Total Electric 
Power Generation. Also, "National Consumption " is equal to "Total End Use " in Table 7.1.   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 29 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRATION (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2021  
 Description of Product 
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By 
State Trading 
Enterprises5 National Production6 Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise1 National Consumption2 
Southeastern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  45.9 million kWh  4,116 billion kWh  8.13 billion kWh  3,920 billion kWh  
Southwestern  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  125.2 million kWh  4,116 billion kWh  6.21 billion kWh  3,920 billion kWh  
Western  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  6.9 billion kWh  4,116 billion kWh  28.7 billion kWh  3,930 billion kWh  
Bonneville  Electrical Energy - HS 2716  4.0 billion kWh  4,116 billion kWh  77.2 billion kWh  3,920 billion kWh  
 
5 Southeastern amounts are fiscal year amounts (October 2020 – September 2021) rather than calendar year amounts.  
6 Energy Information Administration, "Monthly Energy Review, March 2022, published March 29, 2022 – Table 7.1 Electricity Overview, p. 127. Total Electric 
Power Generation. Also, "National Consumption " is equal to "Total End Use " in Table 7.1.   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 30 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2019  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  2,482,332 * 
(1,000 Barrels)  0 
(1,000 Barrels)  57.94 ** 
(US Dollar per 
Barrel)  60.31***  
(US Dollar per Barrel)  N/A****  4,485,653*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Quantity Imported (Annual Thousand Barrels): https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Imported ( US Dollars per Barrel) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2_ dcu_nus_a.htm . 
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Domestic ( US Dollars per Barrel) 2019.   
**** Imported barrels and SPR barrels could be of highly different quality (based on API gravity, sulphur content, among others); domestic refineries utilize 
different quality crudes for optimal refining. Mark -up calculation of imported crude vs. crude sold from SPR are thus not as useful.  
*****  Crude  Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 31 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2020  
Description of Product 
Including HS  Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  2,150,267*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0 37.41**  
(US Dollar per 
Barrel)  41.23***  
(US Dollar per Barrel)  N/A****  4,129,563*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Quantity Imported (Annual Thousand Barrels): https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Imported ( US Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2 _dcu_nus_a.htm . 
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Domestic ( US Dollars per Barrel). 2020.  
**** Imported barrels and domestic barrels or SPR barrels are of different quality and mark -up calculation is not as informative.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 32 - TABLE I  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, IMPORTS 2021 
Description of Product 
Including HS  Number  Total Quantity 
Imported  Quantity Imported 
by State Trading 
Enterprise  Average Import 
Price  Average 
Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Mark -up National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  2,230,000*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0  
(1,000 Barrels)  65.81**  
(US Dollar per 
Barrel)  69.08***  
(US Dollar per Barrel)  N/A****  4,082,970*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Quantity Imported (Annual Thousand Barrels): https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_d_nus_Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Imported ( US Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Domestic ( US Dollars per Barrel). 2021.  
**** Imported barrels and SPR barrels could be of highly different quality (based on API gravity, sulphur content, among others); domestic refineries utilize 
different quality crudes for optimal refining. Mark -up calculation of imported crude vs. crude sold fro m SPR are thus not as useful.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .  
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 33 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETRO LEUM RESERVE  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2019  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  1,088,345*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0** 59.38***  
(US Dollar per 
Barrel)  60.31****  
(US Dollar per Barrel)  N/A 4,485,653*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Crude  Oil Exported  (Annual Thousand Barrels):  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column "Quanti ty Exported by State Trading Enterprise", an explanation is provided under Section  V, 
paragraph 5 of this questionnaire.  
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Composite ( US Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
**** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Domestic ( US Dollars per Barrel). 2019.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 34 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2020  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  1,173,342*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0** 39.45***  
(US Dollar per 
Barrel)  41.23****  
(US Dollar per Barrel)  N/A 4,129,563*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Crude  Oil Exported  (Annual Thousand Barrels):  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column "Quantity Exported by State Trading Enterprise", a n explanation is provided under Section  V, 
paragraph 5 of this questionnaire.  
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Composite ( US Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet /pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
**** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Domestic ( US Dollars per Barrel). 2020.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 35 - TABLE II  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, EXPORTS 2021  
Description of 
Product Including 
HS Number  Total Quantity 
Exported  Quantity Exported by 
State Trading 
Enterprise  Average 
Procurement Price  Average Representative 
Domestic Sales Price  Average Export 
Price  National Production  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  1,087,638*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0** 67.82***  
(US Dollar per 
Barrel)  69.08****  
(US Dollar per Barrel)  N/A 4,082,970*****  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Total Crude Oil Exported  (Annual Thousand Barrels):  https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_exp_dc_NUS -Z00_mbbl_a.htm . 
** In cases where no exports have taken place under the column "Quantity Exported by State Trading Enterprise", a n explanation is provided under Section  V, 
paragraph 5 of this questionnaire.  
*** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Composite ( US Dollars per Barrel). https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet /pet_pri_rac2_dcu_nus_a.htm . 
**** Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Domestic ( US Dollars per Barrel). 2021.  
*****  Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm .   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 36 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2019  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0  4,485,653* (1,000 Barrels)  14,158** (1,000 Barrels)  6,202,445***  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Congressionally mandated sales w ith deliveries occurring in calendar  year 2019:  
• Budget Act 2015, Public Law 114 -74, Section 404, ESIM sale;  
 • Budget Act 2015, Public  Law 114 -74, Section 403; and  
• 21st Century Cures Act, Public  Law 114 -255. 
*** Refinery  Gross Inputs, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_unc_dcu_nus_a.htm , multiplied by 365.  
   
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 37 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2020  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0 4,129,563*  
(1,000 Barrels)  0** 
(1,000 Barrels)  5,373,895***  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Congressionally mandated sales were postponed in 2020 per Congressional authorization due to COVID induced oil price crash.  
*** Refinery Gross Inputs, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_unc_dcu_nus_a.htm , multiplied by 365.    
  G/STR/N/19/USA  
 
- 38 - TABLE III  
STATE TRADING: STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE (CONTINUED)  
STATISTICAL INFORMATION, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES 2021  
Description of Product  
Including HS Number  Domestic Purchases By  
State Trading Enterprises  National Production  Domestic Sales By State 
Trading Enterprise  National Consumption  
Crude Oil - HS 2709  0 4,082,970*  
(1,000 Barrels)  36,604**  
(1,000 Barrels)  5,719,915***  
(1,000 Barrels)  
* Crude Oil Production  (Annual Thousand Barrels) https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_crd_crpdn_adc_mbbl_a.htm . 
** Congressionally mandated sales with deliveries occurring in calendar  year 2021:  
• Budget Act 2015, Public Law 114 -74, Section 404;  
• Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115 -141); and  
• Bipartisan Budget Act 2015 (Public Law 114 -74 Section 403).  
*** Refinery Gross Inputs, https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_unc_dcu_nus_a.htm , multiplied by 365.  
 
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