DEAS  824: 2024 
ICS 65.020.20   
© DEAS 2024                                                                                                                        Second Edition 2024  
 
DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
 
Soybean  seed — Requirements for c ertification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS  824: 2024  
ii © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 Copyright notice  
This EAC document is copyright -protected by EAC. While the reproduction of this document by 
participants in the EAC standards development p rocess is permitted without prior permission from EAC, 
neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for 
any other purpose without prior written permission from EAC.  
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as shown below or to EAC’s member body in the country of the requester:  
© East African Community 2023  — All rights reserved  
East African Community   
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Tanzania  
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Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. 
Violators may be prosecuted.  DEAS  824: 2024  
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  1 
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ........  4 
5 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  4 
6 Seed classes  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........  5 
7 Field requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  6 
8 Field inspection  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 6 
9 Seed sampling and laboratory standards  ................................ ................................ ...........................  7 
10 Certificates  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  8 
11 Packaging and labe lling................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  8 
12 Post -control tests  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9 
 DEAS  824: 2024  
iv © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmo nized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when goods and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
In order to achieve this objective, the Community established an East African Standards Committee mandated 
to develop an d issue East African Standards.   
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards Bodies in Partner States, together 
with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards 
are circul ated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner States. The comments 
received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in accordance with the procedures 
of the Community.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing.  
The committee responsible for this document is Tech nical Committee EASC/TC 012, Seeds and propagation 
material.  
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  
This second edition cancels and rep laces the first edition (EAS 824 :2015), which has been technically revised  
 
 
.DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 824:2024 
 
 
 
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved                 1 
 Soybean seed — Requirements for c ertification  
1 Scope  
This Draft East African Standard specifies  the certification  requirements for the  produc tion of pre-basic, basic 
and certified seed of soybean  (Glycine max  (L.) Merrill ). It includes requirements for eligible varieties, field 
standards, field inspections, seed sampling, laboratory standards, certificates, packaging , labelling, and post -
control  tests.   
2 Normative references  
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 
document (including any amendments) applies.  
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA ) Rules  
OECD Seed Schemes; Guidelines for  Control Plot Tests and Field Inspection of Seed Crops  
OECD Schemes for Varietal Certification or the Control of Seed Moving in the Internationa l Trade  
UPOV Test guidelines for soybean   
3 Terms and definitions  
For the purposes of this document , the terms and definitions given in ISTA, UPOV and OECD and the 
following shall apply.  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardizatio n at the following addresses:  
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
 
3.1 
seed te st certificate  
legal document issued by the national seed certification authority, which states that a seed lot has met the 
prescribed requirements set in this standard  
3.2 
distinctness  
variety is deemed to be distinct if it is clearly distinguishable in a t least one character from any other variety 
whose existence is a matter of common knowledge at the time of filing t he application for registration  
3.3 
field 
defined and identifiable area of land  or facility  that is used to produce a seed crop under  the Se ed Certification 
Scheme   
2 © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 3.4 
field inspection  
examination  of a field  and or  seed crop , by an inspector  to confirm that the minimum requirements for seed 
certification have been met 
3.5 
field number  
number assigned to the field when the application form  for certification is submitted  
3.6 
germination  
emergence and development of a seedling  to a stage where the  aspect of its  essential structures indicate s 
whether or not it is able to  develop further into a satisfactory plant under favo urable conditions in  the field 
3.7 
grower  
person or entity  registered to produce seed  
3.8 
inert matter  
seed units and all other matter and structures not defin ed as pure seed or other seeds  
3.9 
isolation  
minimum distance  or time  between two crops of soybean  that is required to pr event contamination  either 
mechan ically or by cross pollination  
3.10 
inspector  
authorized official or accredited entity responsible for carrying out seed certification activities  
3.11 
label  
tag or other device that is attached to or written , stamped , or printed on any container of seed or that 
accompanies any lot of bulk seed and which describes the kind of seed and any other information required by 
relevant laws and regulation . 
3.12 
previous cropping  
minimum period (seasons or years) that must elapse bet ween the production of a crop of the same species in 
a field and the production of a crop entered in the certific ation scheme in the same field  
3.13 
maintainer  
person or organisation responsible for the production or maintenance of a bred variety included in a national 
list of varieties eligible for certification , and ensure that the variety remains true to type th roughout its full life -
span  
3.14 
national seed certification authority  
designated  authority responsible for conducting se ed certification process es in the country  
3.15 
noxious weed  
weed species , the seed of  which is difficult to separate during processing or has undesirable effects on the 
crop produced, for example by possible genetic contamination   
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved  3 
 3.16 
off-type 
plant of the same species which does  not exhibit the recognised and acceptable  characteristics of the variety 
being grown  
3.17 
other seeds  
seeds of any plant species other than that of the crop sample that is being tested . They consist of weed seeds 
and other crop see ds 
3.18 
parental lines  
population or lines used by a breeder to develop and maintain a variety  
3.19 
post -control  plot 
small plot where a representative sample of a seed lot is grown to determine the identity and purity of the 
variety  
3.20 
pure seed  
specie stated by an applicant , or found to predominate in a test, and include s all botanical varieties and 
cultivars of that species, including  intact seeds and pieces of seed units larger than one -half their original size  
3.21 
variety registration  
inclusion of an approved  new vari ety in a national variety catalogue  when it has been tested and satisfied the 
requirements for distinctness, uniformity, stability, and has value for cultivation and use  
3.22 
rogueing  
removal of off -types, other variet ies, and diseased plants  or any other  unwanted plant from a seed crop  
3.23 
seed certification  
process by which the quality and identity of a seed lot is assured through official control by designated seed 
certification authority   
3.24 
seed lot  
defined quantity of seed bearing the same refere nce number and for which the origin, production history and 
identity is known  
3.25 
stability  
state of a variety where distinguishing characteristics remain unchanged after repeated growing cycles  
3.26 
uniformity  
state of a variety subject to the variation  that ma y be expected from the particula r features of its propagation, 
to remain sufficiently homogeneous in its relevant characteristics   
3.27 
variety  
assemblage of cultivated plants that is clearly distinguished from other varieties by any characters 
(morphological, physiological, cytological, chemical, or others) and which retains its distinguishing 
characteristics when reproduced by the normal means for the crop and vari ety  
4 © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 3.28 
variety catalogue  
detailed list of varieties that have been registered by a  national designated authority  
3.29 
carryover seed  
seed produced in previous season and stored for one or more cropping seasons/ or past its valid test duration 
subject to meeting the requirements of the standard upon retesting   
3.30 
pre-basic seed  
seed th at is derived from breeder seed and is used to produce basic seed through one cycle of multiplication  
Note 1 to entry  breeder seed is an original parental material produced by the breeder and which is multiplied through 
one or more generations to produce pre-basic seed  
3.31 
basic seed  
seed that has been produced from breeder or pre -basic seed under the responsibility of the breeder and is 
used for the production of certified seed  
3.32 
certified seed  
seed that is produced from basic seed through one or tw o generations of multiplication  
3.32.1 
certified seed 1st generation  (C1) 
first generation of seed derived from basic seed  
3.32.2 
certified seed 2nd generation  (C2) 
certified seed 1st generation which is multiplied once  
3.33 
Seed sampler  
person authorized by the national designated seed certification authority to do seed sampling  
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)  
 DUS: Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability . 
 ISTA: International Seed Testing Association . 
 OECD: Organization for Econom ic Co -operation and Developm ent. 
 UPOV: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants . 
5 General requirement s 
5.1 Eligible varieties  
5.1.1  Key parameters required to implement  this standard are variety descriptors, genetic purity of the seed 
sown,  field standards, labora tory standards and post -control tests.  
5.1.2  Varieties eligible for seed certification  shall be those that have been examined, tested  and registered 
in at least one member country of the EAC and are included in the national variety catalogue of that countr y. 
The country adopting the variety shall test it for at least one season.   
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved  5 
 5.1.3  Examination of a candidate variety for certification shall be undertaken in accordance with UPOV and 
OECD Seed scheme . The official descriptor  of the variety shall be made available for the national seed 
certification authority and its inspectors to check the identity and purity of the variety during field inspections.  
5.1.4  Each national seed certification authority shall keep the official descriptor  of the varieties it has 
registered in hard and electronic copies and these shall be made available within the EAC on request .  
5.2 Inspection and laboratory testing  
5.2.1  Application for testing  
A grower shall apply for inspection of a seed crop within thirty (30) days after planting b y filling the form with 
the informa tion as prescribed in Annex A. The minimum information for an application for inspection  of a seed 
crop shall include  the following :  
a) name, address and contact details of the applicant;  
b) crop and variety to be sown;  
c) phys ical location;  
d) area and reference number of the field, and its cropping history for the past two cropping seasons;  
e) class of seed to be produced; and  
f) registration number of the grower . 
5.2.2  Information and records related to the previous cropping histor y, origin of seed planted, and field 
inspections shall be kept and used for certification to ensure full traceability of quality, genetic identity and 
purity of the seed harvested.  
5.2.3  The inspection of seed crops shall be done as guided by the OEC D Seed  Schemes; Guidelines for 
control plot tests and field inspection of seed c rops. If the field is found to be in conformity with the standards 
stated in Table 1 and is approved, the harvested seed shall be identified, transported, stored, and processed . 
5.2.4 The seed lot shall be sampled and tested in an official or authorized laboratory. The sampling and 
testing of seed lots shall be done in accordance with the relevant procedures described in the ISTA rules .  
5.2.5  A seed lot that conforms to  the standards  set out in Table  2 shall be given a seed test certificate and a 
unique reference number to confirm its status under the certification scheme. One  part of the seed sample 
shall be retained for sowing in a post -control plot  
6 Seed classes  
For the purpose o f this standard, the following classes  of seed shall apply:  
a) pre-basic seed ; 
b) basic seed ; and   
c) certified seed : 
i. 1st generation  (C1); and  
ii. 2nd generation  (C2).  
6 © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 7 Field requirements  
7.1 Pre basic and basic  seed shall be produced under the responsibility of the b reeder or maintainer  
7.2 Certified seed shall be produced in two generations .   
7.3 A field producing  a seed crop of soybean  shall be approved for certification if it compl ies with the 
requirements given in Table 1.  
7.4 Fields may be rejected for certific ation because of unsatisfactory condition caused by noxious weeds, 
poor growth, poor  crop stands, incidence and severity of importance disease presence, insect damage, and 
any other condition that prevents accurate inspection or creates doubt as to the ide ntity of the variety.  
Table 1 — Field standards for seed crops of soybean   
S/N Variable  Pre-basic seed Basic seed Certified seed 
i Previous cropping  (seasons 
before) , min . 1 1 1 
ii Isolation , m, min  10 10 5 
iii Off-types , %, max. 0 0  1 
iv Maximum inc idence of plants 
infected with Soybean mosaic 
virus (SMV)  (%) ─ at final 
inspection  0 0 0.02  
v Maximum incidenceof plants 
infected with  Cercospora 
kikuchii   (Purple seed stain), % 
─ at final inspection  2.5 2.5 2.5 
vi Maximum incidence   of plants 
infect ed with  Xanthomonas 
axonopodis  (Bacterial pustule)  
─ at final inspection  0 0 0 
vii Maximum incidence  of plants 
infected with  Pseudomonas 
savastanoi  ─ at final inspection  0 0 0 
NOTE  Isolation by time may be possible if minimum time enough to separate the  flowering phase of two varieties or 
grade of a crop species is observed  
 
8 Field inspection  
8.1 The national seed certification authority shall prepare the inspections’ schedule for the inspectors, 
based on all necessary information on the field, to ensu re that the timing of inspections allows the standards in 
Table 1 or Table 2 to be properly assessed.  
8.2 The inspector shall inspect the field  in accordance with OECD seed schemes  and shall  check for 
isolation requirements , off types,  the presence diseas es. 
8.3 A minimum of two inspections shall be done for each seed production field to confirm if the field 
standards specified in Table 1 are met. The first inspection shall be done at flowering and the second 
inspe ction at full maturity when at least 80% h ave shed the leaves from the plants so that the pubescence and 
hilum colour can be observed   
8.4 At the time of  the first inspection, the inspector shall  confirm  with the grower the previous cropping of 
the field , checking on isolation,  and the proof of origin/authenti city of the variety planted by  using the  labels   
and.  
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved  7 
 8.5 Depending on the degree of contamination, the inspector may give instructions for off-types and 
diseased  plants to be  rogued so as  to maintain the genetic purity.   
8.6 The field inspe ction report shall indicate the field status and comments for any corrective actions 
required such as re -inspection to confirm the field standards. All field inspection reports shall be provided to 
the grower and the seed enterprise after each inspection i n a timely manner. The  field inspection report in 
Annex B  shall be signed by the inspector and may be signed by the grower or the grower's representative  
9 Seed sampling and laboratory s tandards  
9.1 The harvested seed from the field approved for certificatio n shall be kept as an identified unit until 
processing. The identification shall include; grower’s number, field crop number, packing unit, variety name 
and seed class. After processing, a sample shall be submitted to the laboratory for testing where a con formed 
sample shall be given a certificate with a unique lot number for the purpose of traceability   
9.2 The maximum size of a seed lot for certification purposes is 30  000 kg; lots larger than this shall be 
divided and given separate lot numbers.  
9.3 An o fficial seed sampler  shall draw a representative composite sample from each lot as  guided by 
according to the ISTA Rules  
9.4 The composite  sample shall be divided into three sub -samples, one for testing in the laboratory, one to 
be stored for reference pur poses in case re -testing is necessary, and o ne for the post -control tests. The 
samples shall be labelled,  securely  sealed and shall be stored in cool and dry conditions to prevent 
contamination and loss of germination.   
9.5 Laboratories authorized by the national seed certification authority to conduct seed testing for 
certification shall follow the methodology established in the  ISTA rules for soybean seed .  
9.6 The seed lots shall  comply with the laboratory standards specified  in Table 2 .  
8 © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 Table 2 — Labo ratory standards for seeds lots of soybean   
S/N Variable  Pre-basic seed Basic seed Certified seed 
i Pure seed , %, min.  99  99  99 
ii Inert matter , %, max. 0.95 0.95 0.95 
iii Other seeds , %, max. 0.05 0.05 0.05 
iv Germination , %, min. 80 80 75 
v Moisture content , % max. 12 12 12 
vi Number of w eed seeds , per kg, 
max. 0 0 0 
NOTE  Moisture content is expressed as a percentage of the fresh weight of the original sample.  
 
10 Certificates  
10.1 The seed test  certificate  for a seed lot shall be signed and  issued by the national seed certification 
authority and  shall include all information presented in Annex C. This certificate  shall be valid for a period not 
exceeding nine months . 
10.2 Carryover seed shall be re -sampled and retested for germination. If the t est result complies with the 
minimum standard s, a new test certificate shall be issued for the seed lot, which cancels the previously issued 
certificate, and shall include the certificate number of the cancelled certificate.  
11 Packaging and labelling 
11.1 All classes of seed that have been certified shall  be packaged in new containers which shall be mark ed 
with the company name and crop species and shall have the official label of the national seed certification 
authority . 
11.2 The labels for each class  are identified by the following colours : 
a) Pre-basic seed:       Violet band on white ; 
b) Basic seed:        White ; 
c) Certified Seed 1st generation  (C1):   Blue; and  
d) Certified Seed 2nd generation  (C2):   Red. 
11.3 If seeds are treated with any chemical or product harm ful for human or animal consumption, the 
container shall carry a label stating the chemical or product used and warning of the health risks.  
11.4 The labels shall be prominent , indelible, legible and fixed to the containers by an authorized person in 
such a way that they cannot b e destroyed or easily removed. The language  on the label shall be English  and 
any other  official language of the member state  may be used. The following  information shall be included on 
the official  labels  provided by national seed certification authority : 
a) name of the crop,  as, “Soybean seed ”; 
b) species (Latin name) ; 
c) variety denomination ; 
d) seed lot number ;  
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved  9 
 e) seed test certificate number ;  
f) date of test ; 
g) net weight ; 
h) seed treatment declaration (if applicable) ; 
i) logo of the national seed certi fication authority ; 
j) name and address of national seed certification authority ; 
k) seed class ; and  
l) germination rate and purity leve l. 
11.5 The following information shall be given in the container in addition to the official labels provided by 
nation al seed ce rtification authority:  
a) net weight ; 
b) country of production ; 
c) year of production ; 
d) seed treatment declaration ; 
e) name and address of the grower ; 
f) seed class ; and  
g) lot number . 
11.6 Repackaging and relabelling  are authorized in the following cases:  
a) the national seed certification authority may authorize the re -packaging and re -labelling of a particular 
seed lot that is produced in another country, but shall retain the original label information of the 
producing country ; and  
b) blending of a seed lot with other lots of th e same variety  and class (generation)  is allowable if all  seed 
lots of the blend have met the field and laboratory requirements for certification prior to blending. A 
new l ot number  shall be issued. Details of the blended lots and their proportions shall be kept by the 
certifying authority for traceability.  
12 Post -control tests  
The Post control tests shall be  carried out  in accordance with OECD Schemes for Varietal Certification or the 
Control of Seed Moving in the International Trade . 
  
10 © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(normative ) 
 
Application for field inspection of a seed crop  
FORM No...................................................................  Grower No……………………....................   
 
            
APPLICATION FOR FIELD INSPECTION OF A SEED CROP  
 
1. Full name of grower _____ ____Postal Address ___________ Tel. No. _____________________  
2. Farm on which the seed crop is being grown __________________ L/R. No. _________________  
3. Physical location ____________________________________ GPS coordinates __________________  
4. Deta ils of crop (Every crop regardless of size must be mentioned separately. a crop is field planted within 5 days).  
 
    Crop         
Field 
crop No.  Species  Variety
  Lot No. of 
seeds used  
 Class of 
seed used  Ha Date 
planted  Approximate date 
of harvest  Previous cropping 
history( Last 3 
seasons  
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
 
 
 
4. Seed rate per hectare ______________________________________ kg  
 
5. Registered seed merchant to whom the entire seed stock wil l be sold ____________________  
 
6. I have enclosed _______________________ number of labels from packets /containers of the  
Seed for this crop(s); as proof of origin.  
 
7. The person who will daily be in charge of his seed crop is (Name/Telephone number)  
______________________________  
 
8. Declaration:  
I hereby declare that all information provided here is true to the best of my knowledge and belief and I shall always 
observe all conditions governing Seeds production as provided in the Seeds Act and Regu lations  
 
 
Date…………………………………….Signature of Applicant …………………………………….  
Stamp of seed Merchant /Grower……………………………………………………………………………….  
  
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex  B 
(normative)  
 
Field inspection report   
FORM ………                                                            Date………….  
                                                                                                                 G/No…………  
  
FIELD INSPECTION REPORT  
 
Growers Name ___________________________________Species ________________________   
Variety ________________ ______Field No. (s) Name__________________________________  
Crop No.(s) _____________________________Hectares__________________ Class  ____________   
          1st                                         2nd                         3rd………………………………………….. Inspection (tick)  
ITEMS:   
 is the crop true to type?              Yes                       No                           Doubtful  
Remarks……………………………………………………………………………………………..  
 Isolation in distance/time           satisfactory                             Not Satisfactory  
Remarks……………………………………………………………………………………………..  
 Off-type(s) (describe)………………………………………………………………………………………  
Remarks……………………………………………………………………………………………..  
Total fou nd………………………………………………………………………………………….  
 Other Crop Species (specify)………………………………………………………………………….  
 Health (Diseases)………………………………………………………………………………………  
 Crop Stand               Good            Satisfactory                 Not satisfactory  
Remarks…………………………… ………………………………………………………………..  
 Estimated yield at final inspection…………………………………………………………………….  
No of counts made……………………………… Average count………………………………………  
No of plants counted………………………………………tassels/selfing plant found……………..%  
CROP RESULT                     Pending                Approved               rejected because of …………………  
If to be re -inspected within ……………………………………………………………………….. Days  
Further remarks …………………………………………………………………………………………  
………………………………………………………………………………………Bags/ha  
Copy to:______________ ___________________________________  
  
Seed Inspector(s) Name……………………………………Signature …………………..  
Official stamp……………………………….  
  
12 © EAC 2024  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  C  
(normative)  
 
Seed testing certificate  
Form SR………………  
        OFFICIAL SEED TESTING CERTIFICATE  
 
 
 Date of Sampling              
Date received  
         
Lot Number     
Ref
: 
                              Weight of 
lot:                           
Crop species, 
Variety  As stated by inspector:    
Country of Origin                        
 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS   
                     Purity                                               Germination  Moisture   
Pur
e 
see
d 
(P) 
 
% Inert 
matter  
 
% Oth
er 
Cro
p 
see
d  
 
%  
First 
cou
nt 
 
Day
s 
 Ger
m 
(G) 
 
% (Fina
l 
coun
t) 
Days  Germ 
(G) 
 
% Har
d  
 
 
% Fresh 
Unger
m  
 
% Dea
d  
 
 
% Pure 
germinat
ing seed  
 
PxG     
(%) 
    100 
 Moistur
e % Test No.  
 
Any 
inquiries 
concerning 
this test 
MUST  
quote this 
number              
    Abnormal 
%                                                           Broken Germs 
%  
       
(1) 
       
(2) 
(3) 
       
(3) 
             
Special Tests  
 Seed dressing:  
            
  
     
                                       
 
                       
Official seed Tester  
Date:       
Copies To   Seed Testing Laboratory  
……………………………   
© EAC 2024 – All rights reserved  13 
 Bibliography  
[1] Kenya Gazette Supple ment 217, Acts N 53, 2012, the Seeds and Pla nt Varieties Act.  
[2] Seed Regulations 2007,  Seed Act N18, 2003 Republic of Tanzania  
[3] Seed and Plant Act of Uganda, 2006  
[4] Rwanda Seed Law # 14/2003.  
[5] ASARECA, July 2007. Seed Certification Standards fo r ten crops of the Major Economic Importance in 
EAST Africa and Rwanda. , Obongo Nyachae STAK . 
[6] ECAPAPA, ASARECA September, 2002. Harmonization of Seed Policies and  Regulations in Eastern 
Africa  
[7] Kenya Seed Sector Baseline Study, by Evans Olonyi Sikin yi, Seed Trade Association of Kenya, STAK, 
AFSTA 2010  
[8] Rwanda Seed Sector Baseline Study, AFSTA 2010  
[9] Uganda Seed Sector Baseline Study, Ruth N. Ssebuliba, Uganda Seed Trade Association 
(USTA).AFSTA 2010  
[10] Burundi Seed Sector Baseline Study, Mr. J uvent Baramburiye, AFSTA 2010  
[11] CABI, 2013.  Crop Protection  Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.  www.cabi.org/cpc . 
 [12] UPOV Convention Act 1991   
[13] International Plant Protection Convention of 1951”  
[14]  The seeds and plants regulations for Uganda 2011   
DEAS 824: 2024  
© EAC 2024  – All rights reserved