# The French dairy sector at the crossroads: situation, prospects and challenges

Vincent Chatellier

► To cite this version:

Vincent Chatellier. The French dairy sector at the crossroads: situation, prospects and challenges. 6. séminaire : “ Les enjeux de l’élevage dans nos sociétés de demain ”., Agreenium. FRA., Mar 2017, Rennes, France. 54 p. hal-01585729

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Submitted on 5 Jun 2020

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<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>
# The French dairy sector at the crossroads

## Situation, prospects and challenges

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /><figcaption>Vincent CHATELLIER
INRA, SMART-LERECO (Nantes)</figcaption></figure>

6° Séminaire résidentiel

Les enjeux de l'élevage
dans nos sociétés de demain

AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Rennes
20-24 mars 2017

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Placé sous la tutelle conjointe des ministres chargés de l'agriculture et de l'enseignement supérieur, Agreenium, l'Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France rassemble les compétences des 14 établissements d'enseignement supérieur agronomique, vétérinaire et de paysage, et de 4 organismes de recherche.

Agreenium accompagne les politiques publiques de formation-recherche-innovation en agrosciences, santé animale, risques sanitaires, forêt, environnement, eau et paysage.

## Un dispositif d'accueil exceptionnel

350 unités de recherche qui accueillent 2 500 doctorants

16 800 personnels, dont 6 700 chercheurs ou enseignants-chercheurs

10 000 étudiants

20 campus renommés

15 écoles doctorales

150 parcours de masters

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

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## Le parcours EIR-A

L'EIR-A a pour ambition d'améliorer l'employabilité des doctorants par une ouverture à l'international et une sensibilisation aux grands enjeux de société. Son objectif premier est de préparer l'accès des jeunes scientifiques à des postes de dimension internationale en mettant en avant leur projet professionnel.

## Le séminaire 2017 se déroule à AGROCAMPUS OUEST

65 rue de Saint-Brieuc - Rennes
Amphi Moule - Salles 1re & 2e année

## Contacts

**Isabelle Caillard** / Agreenium,
Chargée de coopération formations ingénieur, master, doctorat

**Pierre-Yves Le Bail** / INRA
Directeur de recherche, professeur associé Agrocampus Ouest, référent scientifique EIR-A

**Assistantes**

Isabelle Coursimault : isabelle.coursimault@iavff-agreenium.fr

Cathy Méjean : cathy.méjean@iavff-agreenium.fr

Agreenium, Institut agronomique vétérinaire et forestier de France
42 rue Scheffer - 75116 PARIS - France -Tél. : +33(0)1 53 70 20 00

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AgroParisTech

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anses

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

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SCIENCES
AGRO

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ENGEES

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State
autonome
agricole
payagé

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

INENSATV

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

INRA
BOIS & MUSC

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /></figure>

Montpellier
SupAgro

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /></figure>

Agris

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /></figure>

Agris

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

VetAgro Sup

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

agreenium
l'Institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A

École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

## 6e Séminaire résidentiel

# Les enjeux de l'élevage
dans nos sociétés de demain

AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Rennes

20-24 mars 2017

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# Some publications on the dairy sector (for 2015-16)

INRA (2016).

**Rôles, impacts et services issus des élevages en Europe.**

Rapport pour les Ministères en charge de l'agriculture et de l'environnement.

Rapport (1042 pages) : http://tinyurl.com/juog5be ; Synthèse (137 p.) : http://tinyurl.com/j9w82zv

CHATELLIER V. (2016).

**Le commerce international, européen et français de produits laitiers.**

INRA Productions animales, 29 (3), 143-162.

http://tinyurl.com/jbwx8yc

PERROT C., CHATELLIER V., GOUIN D.M., RICHARD M., YOU G. (2016).

**Le secteur laitier français est-il compétitif face à la concurrence européenne et mondiale ?**

Colloque de la Société Française d'Economie Rurale (SFER), Clermont-Ferrand, 9-10 juin, 20 p.

http://tinyurl.com/j5rve5u

ROGUET C., GAIGNE C., CHATELLIER V., CARIOU S., CARLIER S., CHENUT R., DANIEL K., PERROT C. (2015).

**Spécialisation territoriale et concentration des productions animales européennes.**

INRA Productions Animales, vol 28 (1), pp 5-22.

http://tinyurl.com/zzlrkja

CHATELLIER V. (2015).

**La fin des quotas laitiers : un enjeu territorial**

La Revue Foncière, 20-24 p.

http://tinyurl.com/o77sdr
## Lundi 20 mars

9h - 10h Accueil des doctorants

10h - 11h Overture du séminaire

Claude Bernhard, Agreenium, Directeur
Grégoire Thomas, Agrocampus Ouest, Directeur général
Patrick Herpin, Inra, Président du centre de Rennes

11h - 13h « 2 minutes pour se présenter »

Chaque doctorant 2016-2017 se présente en 2 diapos et 2 minutes

13h - 14h Buffet

### Promo EIR-A 2015 - 2016

14h - 17h30 Visite de plateformes expérimentales

### Promo EIR-A 2016 - 2017

14h - 15h30 Le parcours EIR-A

Pierre-Yves Le Bail et Isabelle Caillard

15h30 - 17h30 Expertises et controverses socio-techniques

Jean-Marie Guilloux, Directeur de la mission Agrobiosciences - Inra, Centre de médiation des controverses

17h30 - 19h 1re réunion des groupes de travail « Controverses »

## Mardi 21 mars

9h - 12h30 Conférences à dimension internationale

Animateur : **Gilles Salvat**, ANSES, Directeur du laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané

La multifonctionnalité de l'élevage

Anne Mottet, FAO, Livestock development officer

Les spécificités de l'élevage en zone tropicale

Harry Archimède, Inra Antilles

Keeping fish in our tomorrow plate?

Françoise Médale, Inra, Directrice du département PHASE

13h - 14h Déjeuner (cantine)

### Promo EIR-A 2015 - 2016

14h - 16h Le point sur le parcours EIR-A

Pierre-Yves Le Bail et Isabelle Caillard

### Promo EIR-A 2016 - 2017

14h - 16h 2e réunion des groupes de travail « Controverses »

Course d'orientation organisée par les doctorants rennais

18h30 : Réception par Rennes Métropole dans les salons de l'Hôtel de ville de Rennes

## Mercredi 22 mars

9h - 10h45 Conférences à dimension territoriale

Animateur : **Éric Dufour**, Irstea, Directeur régional

Le secteur laitier français et du Grand-Ouest à la croisée des chemins

Vincent Chatellier, Inra Nantes, SMART-LERECO

Automatisation et relation Homme-Animal

Florence Kling-Eveillard, Institut de l'Élevage

11h15 - 12h45 Table ronde :

Entre objet et sujet, comment (re)penser l'animal aujourd'hui ?

Animateur : **Jacques Servière**, Inra, Chargé de mission Bien-être animal

Intervenants : **Armelle Prunier**, Inra Saint-Gilles, UMR Pegase (Physiologie, environnement et génétique pour l'animal et les systèmes d'élevage) ;

Pierre-Michel Rosner, directeur CIV (Viande, Sciences et Société) ;

Florence Kling-Eveillard, Institut de l'Élevage

13h-14h Déjeuner (cantine)

14h - 16h30 Table ronde :

Sciences participatives en élevage et environnement

Animateur : **Christophe Roturier**, Inra, Délégué aux Sciences en Société

Intervenants : **Guillaume Martin**, Inra Toulouse, UMR AGIR (Agroécologies, innovations et territoire) ; **François Charrier**, Inra de Corté, LRDE (Laboratoire de recherches sur le développement de l'élevage) ;

Christine Fourichon et Nathalie Bareille, Oniris & Inra Nantes, UMR BIOEPAR (Biologie, épidémiologie et analyse de risque en santé animale)

### Promo EIR-A 2015 - 2016

16h30 Fin du séminaire

### Promo EIR-A 2016 - 2017

16h45 - 18h30 3e réunion des groupes de travail « Controverses »

## Jeudi 23 mars

9h - 12h30 Table ronde : Compétences et carrières scientifiques

Animateur : **Pierre-Yves Le Bail**

Intervenants : **Vincent Mignotte**, directeur, ABG Intelli'agence et **Oriane Mith**, docteur de la 1re promotion EIR-A

12h30 Départ pour la visite de l'entreprise COOPERL

## Vendredi 24 mars

8h30 - 11h30 Restitution des groupes de travail controverses

11h30 - 13h Évaluation et clôture du séminaire
# Plan

1- Price volatility in the dairy sector

2- Consumption of dairy products

3- Milk production

4- Trade of dairy products

5- Dairy enterprises and dairy farms

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# Introduction

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## An increase in demand for dairy products...

* Approximately +20% at world level by 2025

* A sharp rise of consumption in developing countries (mainly in big Asian cities)

* A necessary adaptation of products to the heterogeneity of expectations

* A saturation of demand in many industrialized countries

* Innovation is an important lever for the future level of consumption

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

## ...but the development of milk production is not always easy

* Many countries are already in deficit for dairy products (Africa, Asia ...)

* Forage areas and water are not equally distributed across countries

* A competition for land occupation between agricultural productions

* In some countries, milk production induces some imports for feeding livestock

* Sanitary requirements and traceability are heterogeneous at world level

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# 1- Price volatility in the dairy sector

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# International price volatility

(FAO aggregate index and oil price)

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

FAO

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<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>
# International prices of dairy products

(FOB price – Oceania ; 1000 USD/tonne)

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CNIEL from USDA

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<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>
# Factors explaining price volatility

* **Energy prices.** Links are increasing through inputs such as fertilizers and transport and through demand for agricultural products (bioenergy).

* **Meteorology.** This is the most common factor behind price volatility. This is more difficult to demonstrate for climate change.

* **Stocks level.** They play a role in mitigating the gaps between supply and demand for agricultural products.

* **Increase in demand.** If production does not keep pace with demand, prices will tend to increase.

* **Exchange rate.** Movements of currencies can potentially have an impact on competitiveness because they affect domestic prices of agricultural products.

* **Commercial restrictions.** Both export and import restrictions amplify price volatility on international markets.

* **Speculation.** High levels of speculative activity in futures markets amplify short-term price movements.
# Raw milk prices evolution in U.S., New Zealand and EU

(euros per 100 kg)

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USDA, LTO

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# Milk prices paid to the European producers (euros per 100 kg)

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

DG AGRI

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agreenium

l'Institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A

École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

The French dairy sector at the crossroads
V. Chatellier, INRA SMART-LERECO (Nantes )

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>

INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT
Public SMP Intervention scheme 2016-2017 (tonnes)

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DGAGRI

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# The selling price of dairy products to the consumer

(Base 100 = 2015 ; in France)

<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>

INSEE

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<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>
## 2- Consumption of dairy products

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>

agreenium

l'institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A
École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

The French dairy sector at the crossroads
V. Chatellier, INRA SMART-LERECO (Nantes)

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

INRA

SCIENCE & IMPACT
# The evolution of the world population between 1950 and 2050

(Billions of inhabitants)

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

ONU - Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs

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<figure><img src="image_37.png" /></figure>
# The evolution of the world population between 1950 and 2050

(Billions of inhabitants)

<figure><img src="image_38.png" /></figure>

ONU - Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs

<figure><img src="image_39.png" /></figure>

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# Consumption of dairy products per capita at world level

(Kg per capita and per year)

<figure><img src="image_41.png" /></figure>

International Dairy Federation - World dairy situation

<figure><img src="image_42.png" /></figure>

agreenium

l'Institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A

École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

The French dairy sector at the crossroads
V. Chatellier, INRA SMART-LERECO (Nantes )

<figure><img src="image_43.png" /></figure>

INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT
# Consumption of dairy products per capita

(Kg per capita and per year)

<figure><img src="image_44.png" /></figure>

CNIEL / IDF, FAO Food Outlook, PRB

<figure><img src="image_45.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_46.png" /></figure>
# Milk production and milk consumption in the world

(Million tonnes)

<figure><img src="image_47.png" /></figure>

ATLA

<figure><img src="image_48.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_49.png" /></figure>
# Consumption of liquid milk per capita

(Kg per capita and per year)

<figure><img src="image_50.png" /></figure>

FAO

<figure><img src="image_51.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_52.png" /></figure>
Consumption of cheese per capita

(Kg per capita and per year)

<figure><img src="image_53.png" /></figure>

FAO

<figure><img src="image_54.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_55.png" /></figure>
Consumption of butter per capita

(Kg per capita and per year)

<figure><img src="image_56.png" /></figure>

FAO

<figure><img src="image_57.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_58.png" /></figure>
# Consumers at the center of our strategies

## ➔ Paying attention to new forms of consumption

* An augmentation of out-of-home catering

* Increasingly « nomadic » food consumption

* Attention to the links between food / environment / health

## ➔ Innovation on food products

* The products that will be consumed in 20 years are not all existing

* Marketing is sometimes more important the specifications

## ➔ Educating for food consumption and reassuring

* Food culture is closely link to education (family + school)

* Better explain the links between food products and the productive model

* Opening the doors of conventional agriculture to citizens
3- Milk production

<figure><img src="image_59.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_60.png" /></figure>

agreenium

l'institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A
École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

The French dairy sector at the crossroads
V. Chatellier, INRA SMART-LERECO (Nantes )

<figure><img src="image_61.png" /></figure>

INRA

SCIENCE & IMPACT
# World production of cow milk and its location

(millions tons)

<figure><img src="image_62.png" /></figure>

FAO

<figure><img src="image_63.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_64.png" /></figure>
# Production of dairy products worldwide

(Thousand tons)

<figure><img src="image_65.png" /><figcaption>## Whole milk powder</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_66.png" /><figcaption>## Butter</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_67.png" /><figcaption>## Cheese</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_68.png" /></figure>
# Global supply variation in the key exporters of dairy products

(% change year over year)

<figure><img src="image_69.png" /></figure>

Others : Argentina, Ukraine, Belarus, Chile, Uruguay, Turkey

CLAL

<figure><img src="image_70.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_71.png" /></figure>
Monthly milk collection in several EU countries

<figure><img src="image_72.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_73.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_74.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_75.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_76.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_77.png" /></figure>

CNIEL from ZMB, FAM, DairyCo, CLAL, Eurostat

<figure><img src="image_78.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_79.png" /></figure>
Dairy cows per KM2

<figure><img src="image_80.png" /></figure>

INRA, SMART-LERECO

<figure><img src="image_81.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_82.png" /></figure>
# Milk deliveries in French regions and variation since 2008

## Milk deliveries (% France in 2014)

<figure><img src="image_83.png" /></figure>

## Variation 2014/2008

<figure><img src="image_84.png" /></figure>

FranceAgriMer

<figure><img src="image_85.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_86.png" /></figure>
Milk deliveries in France (thousand tons)

<figure><img src="image_87.png" /></figure>

FranceAgriMer

<figure><img src="image_88.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_89.png" /></figure>
# How is the milk produced in France used ?

<figure><img src="image_90.png" /></figure>

CNIEL from SSP

<figure><img src="image_91.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_92.png" /></figure>
The share of dairy products from organic farming (France)

<figure><img src="image_93.png" /></figure>

FranceAgriMer

<figure><img src="image_94.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_95.png" /></figure>
# The destination of French milk deliveries

(% in milk equivalent, 2015)

<figure><img src="image_96.png" /></figure>

IDELE

<figure><img src="image_97.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_98.png" /></figure>
4- Trade of dairy products

<figure><img src="image_99.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_100.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_101.png" /></figure>
Self-sufficiency rate in dairy products per region (%)

<table><thead><tr><th>Region</th><th>2005</th><th>2015</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Asia</td><td>92%</td><td>90%</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>106%</td><td>111%</td></tr><tr><td>EU</td><td>109%</td><td>112%</td></tr><tr><td>Non-EU</td><td>101%</td><td>108%</td></tr><tr><td>North America</td><td>102%</td><td>108%</td></tr><tr><td>South America</td><td>102%</td><td>101%</td></tr><tr><td>Africa</td><td>84%</td><td>83%</td></tr><tr><td>Central America</td><td>75%</td><td>78%</td></tr><tr><td>Oceania</td><td>245%</td><td>309%</td></tr></tbody></table>

International Dairy Federation – World dairy situation

<figure><img src="image_102.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_103.png" /></figure>
# International trade in dairy products

(thousands tons)

<figure><img src="image_104.png" /></figure>

ATLA from FIL

<figure><img src="image_105.png" /></figure>

agreenium

l'Institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A

École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

The French dairy sector at the crossroads
V. Chatellier, INRA SMART-LERECO (Nantes )

<figure><img src="image_106.png" /></figure>

INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT
# The main exporters of dairy products

(in milk equivalent)

<figure><img src="image_107.png" /></figure>

ATLA from FIL

<figure><img src="image_108.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_109.png" /></figure>
Cheese exports (tonnes)

<figure><img src="image_110.png" /></figure>

DG AGRI

<figure><img src="image_111.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_112.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_113.png" /><figcaption>Skimmed milk powder exports (tonnes)</figcaption></figure>

DG AGRI

<figure><img src="image_114.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_115.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_116.png" /><figcaption>Whole milk powder exports (tonnes)</figcaption></figure>

DG AGRI

<figure><img src="image_117.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_118.png" /></figure>
# French exports of dairy products in EU member states

(Billion euros, 2015)

<figure><img src="image_119.png" /></figure>

INRA, SMART-LERECO by COMEXT

<figure><img src="image_120.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_121.png" /></figure>
# French exports of dairy products

(Billion euros, 2015)

<figure><img src="image_122.png" /></figure>

INRA, SMART-LERECO by COMEXT

<figure><img src="image_123.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_124.png" /></figure>
# French exports of dairy products

(Billion euros, 2015)

<figure><img src="image_125.png" /></figure>

INRA, SMART-LERECO by COMEXT

<figure><img src="image_126.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_127.png" /></figure>
# The trade balance of France in dairy products

(Billion current euros)

<figure><img src="image_128.png" /></figure>

INRA, SMART-LERECO by COMEXT

<figure><img src="image_129.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_130.png" /></figure>
5- Dairy enterprises and dairy farms

<figure><img src="image_131.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_132.png" /></figure>

agreenium

l'institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A
École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

The French dairy sector at the crossroads
V. Chatellier, INRA SMART-LERECO (Nantes )

<figure><img src="image_133.png" /></figure>

INRA

SCIENCE & IMPACT
# The main dairy groups in the world

(Turnover in billions of USD in 2013)

## Cooperatives

### Private enterprises

<figure><img src="image_134.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_135.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_136.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_137.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_138.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_139.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_140.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_141.png" /></figure>

### Europe

<table><tr><td>Lactalis (FR)</td><td>21,2</td><td>Savencia (FR)</td><td>5,8</td></tr><tr><td>Nestlé (CH) (A) (B)</td><td>18,7</td><td>Müller (DE) (F)</td><td>4,9</td></tr><tr><td>Danone (FR) (A)</td><td>15,7</td><td>Glanbia plc (IE)</td><td>4,4</td></tr><tr><td>Friesland Campina (NL)</td><td>15,1</td><td>Bel (FR)</td><td>3,6</td></tr><tr><td>Arla Foods (DK-SE)</td><td>13,1</td><td>Emmi (CH)</td><td>3,6</td></tr><tr><td>DMK (DE)</td><td>7,1</td><td>Tine (NO)</td><td>3,4</td></tr><tr><td>Sodiaal (FR)</td><td>6,1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

<figure><img src="image_142.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_143.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_144.png" /></figure>

### Amérique

<table><tr><td>DFA (US)</td><td>12,8</td></tr><tr><td>Dean Foods (US) (D)</td><td>9,0</td></tr><tr><td>Saputo (CA) (E)</td><td>8,8</td></tr><tr><td>Schreiber (US) (F)</td><td>4,5</td></tr><tr><td>Land O'Lakes (US)</td><td>4,5</td></tr><tr><td>Kraft Foods (US)</td><td>3,9</td></tr><tr><td>Agropur (CA)</td><td>3,7</td></tr><tr><td>Lala (MX)</td><td>3,2</td></tr></table>

<figure><img src="image_145.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_146.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_147.png" /></figure>

### Asia

<table><tr><td>Yili (CN)</td><td>7,8</td></tr><tr><td>Mengniu (CN)</td><td>7,1</td></tr><tr><td>Meiji Dairies (JP) (E)</td><td>6,4</td></tr><tr><td>Morinaga (JP) (D)</td><td>6,0</td></tr><tr><td>GCMMF Amul (E)</td><td>3,0</td></tr></table>

### Océanie

<table><tr><td>Fonterra (NZ) (C)</td><td>15,1</td></tr></table>

<figure><img src="image_148.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_149.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_150.png" /></figure>
# End of quotas: from public regulation to private regulation

## Indicators which are important for dairy enterprises

* Milk cow density : to reduce costs for milk transport

* Proximity to consumers

* Milk production cost and the economic performance of the production area

## With the end of milk quotas, dairy enterprises will have levers to act

* Allocation of milk volume (contract) to farmers

* Flexibility of allocation based on market opportunities

* More or less restrictive rules governing seasonality

## Breeders will be more dependent on enterprises

* Growth opportunities (or not) will depend on their enterprise

* The price of milk will be influenced by criteria more internal to the enterprise

* The more productive/efficient farms will be favored over time
French dairy farms and milk production per farm

<figure><img src="image_151.png" /></figure>

FranceAgriMer

<figure><img src="image_152.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_153.png" /></figure>
French dairy farms

% du total national en 2014

<figure><img src="image_154.png" /></figure>

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>1983</th><th>2014</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>ALSACE</td><td>7 303</td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>AQUITAINE</td><td>19 318</td><td>1 668</td></tr><tr><td>AUVERGNE</td><td>25 207</td><td>4 837</td></tr><tr><td>BASSE-NORMANDIE</td><td>39 760</td><td>6 768</td></tr><tr><td>BOURGOGNE</td><td>9 482</td><td>835</td></tr><tr><td>BRETAGNE</td><td>66 129</td><td>12 450</td></tr><tr><td>CENTRE</td><td>10 875</td><td>948</td></tr><tr><td>CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNE</td><td>8 633</td><td>1 555</td></tr><tr><td>FRANCHE-COMTÉ</td><td>13 130</td><td>3 925</td></tr><tr><td>HAUTE-NORMANDIE</td><td>11 470</td><td>2 135</td></tr><tr><td>ÎLE-DE-FRANCE</td><td>673</td><td>102</td></tr><tr><td>LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON</td><td>2 510</td><td>448</td></tr><tr><td>LIMOUSIN</td><td>5 423</td><td>507</td></tr><tr><td>LORRAINE</td><td>14 433</td><td>3 020</td></tr><tr><td>MIDI-PYRÉNÉES</td><td>17 879</td><td>2 597</td></tr><tr><td>NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS</td><td>13 851</td><td>3 443</td></tr><tr><td>PAYS DE LA LOIRE</td><td>49 843</td><td>8 704</td></tr><tr><td>PICARDIE</td><td>10 506</td><td>2 063</td></tr><tr><td>POITOU-CHARENTES</td><td>21 004</td><td>1 266</td></tr><tr><td>PROVENCE-ALPES-CÔTE D'AZUR</td><td>1 277</td><td>148</td></tr><tr><td>RHÔNE-ALPES</td><td>36 239</td><td>5 483</td></tr><tr><td>FRANCE</td><td>384 945</td><td>63 602</td></tr></tbody></table>

CNIEL d'après SSP - Enquête Annuelle Laitière

<figure><img src="image_155.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_156.png" /></figure>
# A low level of intensification in French dairy Farms

<figure><img src="image_157.png" /><figcaption>Herbivorous LU per ha of fodder surface</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_158.png" /></figure>

FADN / INRA SMART-LERECO

<figure><img src="image_159.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_160.png" /></figure>
The average milk production cost*

<figure><img src="image_161.png" /></figure>

Perrot, Chatellier, Mercier-Gouin, Richard, You, el Al, 2016. Download this publication : http://tinyurl.com/j5rve5u

<figure><img src="image_162.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_163.png" /></figure>
Conclusion

<figure><img src="image_164.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_165.png" /></figure>

agreenium

l'institut agronomique,
vétérinaire & forestier
de France

EIR-A
École internationale de
recherche d'Agreenium

The French dairy sector at the crossroads
V. Chatellier, INRA SMART-LERECO (Nantes)

<figure><img src="image_166.png" /></figure>

INRA

SCIENCE & IMPACT
# Future for French dairy sector

## ➔ Some competitive advantages

* A favorable geographical location (climate, proximity to the sea and deficit countries)

* A good forage production with high yields

* A low price of the land

* Productivity reserve (sometimes) due to a low level of intensification

* A high level of consumption of dairy products (but a stable/decreasing global market)

* Innovative companies, with a strong experience in technologies and exportations

## ➔ How to succeed?

* Optimize production costs by diluting fixed costs at farm and firm level

* Promote long-term financing of structuring investments

* Boosting product innovation to appeal to tomorrow's consumers and find new markets

* Strengthening the links between the different players in the agri-food chain

* Towards a better communication with citizens on the useful role of agriculture for society
<figure><img src="image_167.png" /></figure>

Thank you for your attention

<figure><img src="image_168.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_169.png" /></figure>