10. Fischer A, Friggens NC, Berry DP, Faverdin P. Isolating the cow-specific part of residual energy intake in lactating dairy cows using random regressions. Animal. 2018;12:1396–404.

11. Byrd C J, Johnson JS, Radcliffe JS, Craig BA, Eicher SD, Lay DC. Nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability for evaluating the growing pig stress response to an acute heat episode. Animal. 2019;14:379–87.

12. Nguyen-Ba H, Van Milgen J, Taghipoor M. A procedure to quantify the feed intake response of growing pigs to perturbations. Animal. 2019;14:253–60.

13. Revilla M, Friggens NC, Broudiscou LP, Lemonnier G, Blanc F, Ravon L, et al. Towards the quantitative characterisation of piglets' robustness to weaning: a modelling approach. Animal. 2019;13:2536–46.

14. Adriaens I, Friggens NC, Ouweltjes W, Scott H, Aernouts B, Statham J. Productive life span and resilience rank can be predicted from on-farm first-parity sensor time series but not using a common equation across farms. J Dairy Sci. 2020;103:7155–71.

15. Kok A, Tsousis G, Niozas G, Kemp B, Kaske M, van Knegsel ATM. Short communication: variance and autocorrelation of deviations in daily milk yield are related with clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Animal. 2021;15: 100363.

16. Mulder HA, Visscher J, Fablet J. Estimating the purebred-crossbred genetic correlation for uniformity of eggshell color in laying hens. Genet Sel Evol. 2016;48:39.

17. Wolc A, Arango J, Settar P, Fulton JE, O'Sullivan NP, Preisinger R, et al. Genome-wide association analysis and genetic architecture of egg weight and egg uniformity in layer chickens. Anim Genet. 2012;43:87–96.

18. Mulder HA, Hill WG, Vereijken A, Veerkamp RF. Estimation of genetic variation in residual variance in female and male broiler chickens. Animal. 2009;3:1673–80.

19. Rowe SJ, White IM, Avendaño S, Hill WG. Genetic heterogeneity of residual variance in broiler chickens. Genet Sel Evol. 2006;38:617–35.

20. Wolc A, White IMS, Avendano S, Hill WG. Genetic variability in residual variation of body weight and conformation scores in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2009;88:1156–61.

21. Mulder HA. Is GxE a burden or a blessing? Opportunities for genomic selection and big data. J Anim Breed Genet. 2017;134:435–6.

22. Elgersma GG, De Jong G, Van der Linde R, Mulder HA. Fluctuations in milk yield are heritable and can be used as a resilience indicator to breed healthy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2018;101:1240–50.

23. Poppe M, Veerkamp RF, van Pelt ML, Mulder HA. Exploration of variance, autocorrelation, and skewness of deviations from lactation curves as resilience indicators for breeding. J Dairy Sci. 2020;103:1667–84.

24. Poppe M, Bonekamp G, van Pelt ML, Mulder HA. Genetic analysis of resilience indicators based on milk yield records in different lactations and at different lactation stages. J Dairy Sci. 2021;104:1967–81.

25. Poppe M, Mulder HA, Veerkamp RF. Validation of resilience indicators by estimating genetic correlations among daughter groups and with yield responses to a heat wave and disturbances at herd level. J Dairy Sci. 2021;104:8094–106.

26. Poppe M, Mulder HA, van Pelt ML, Mullaart E, Hogeveen H, Veerkamp RF. Development of resilience indicator traits based on daily step count data for dairy cattle breeding. Genet Sel Evol. 2022;54:21.

27. Berghof TVL, Bovenhuis H, Mulder HA. Body weight deviations as indicator for resilience in layer chickens. Front Genet. 2019;10:1216.

28. Bedere N, Berghof TVL, Peeters K, Pinard-van der Laan M-H, Visscher J, David I, et al. Using egg production longitudinal recording to study the genetic background of resilience in purebred and crossbred laying hens. Genet Sel Evol. 2022;54:26.

29. Poppe M, Mulder HA, Kamphuis C, Veerkamp RF. Between-herd variation in resilience and relations to herd performance. J Dairy Sci. 2021;104:616–27.

30. Poppe M, Veerkamp RF, Mulder HA, Hogeveen H. Observational study on associations between resilience indicators based on daily milk yield in first lactation and lifetime profitability. J Dairy Sci. 2022;105:8158–76.

31. Putz AM, Harding JCS, Dyck MK, Fortin F, Plastow GS, Dekkers JCM, et al. Novel resilience phenotypes using feed intake data from a natural disease challenge model in wean-to-finish pigs. Front Genet. 2019;9:660.

32. Doekes HP, Bovenhuis H, Berghof TVL, Peeters K, Visscher J, Mulder HA. Research Note: Genome-wide association study for natural antibodies and resilience in a purebred layer chicken line. Poult Sci. 2023;102: 102312.

33. Berghof TVL, Van der Klein SAS, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK, Van der Poel JJ, Bovenhuis H. Genetic and non-genetic inheritance of natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin in a purebred layer chicken line. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0131088.

34. Berghof TVL, Visker MHPW, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK, van der Poel JJ, Vereijken ALJ, et al. Genomic region containing Toll-like receptor genes has a major impact on total IgM antibodies including KLH-binding IgM natural antibodies in chickens. Front Immunol. 2018;8:1879.

35. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R foundation for statistical computing; 2019.

36. Koenker R. quantreg: Quantile Regression. R package version 5.54; 2019. Accessed 19 Jan 2024.

37. Wickham H, François R, Henry L, Müller K. dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation. R package version 0.8.4; 2020. Accessed 19 Jan 2024.

38. Hill WG, Mulder HA. Genetic analysis of environmental variation. Genet Res. 2010;92:381–95.

39. Sell-Kubiak E, Bijma P, Knol EF, Mulder HA. Comparison of methods to study uniformity of traits: application to birth weight in pigs. J Anim Sci. 2015;93:900–11.

40. Meyer D, Dimitriadou E, Hornik K, Weingessel A, Leisch F. e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group (Formerly: E1071), TU Wien. R package version 1.7–3; 2019. Accessed 19 Jan 2024.

41. Frankena K. The interaction between *Cooperia* spp. and *Ostertagia* spp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in cattle. PhD thesis, Wageningen University. 1987.

42. Gilmour AR, Gogel BJ, Cullis BR, Thompson R, ASReml user guide, release 4.1. 1st ed. Hemel Hempstead: VSN International Ltd; 2014.

43. Mulder HA, Bijma P, Hill WG. Prediction of breeding values and selection responses with genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance. Genetics. 2007;175:1895–910.

44. Iung LHS, Neves HHR, Mulder HA, Carvalheiro R. Genetic control of residual variance of yearling weight in Nellore beef cattle. J Anim Sci. 2017;95:1425–33.

45. Rendel JM. Correlation between the number of scutellar and abdominal bristles in *Drosophila melanogaster*. Genetics. 1963;48:391–408.

46. Van der Most PJ, De Jong B, Parmentier HK, Verhult S. Trade-off between growth and immune function: a meta-analysis of selection experiments. Funct Ecol. 2011;25:74–80.

47. Raww WM. Immune response from a resource allocation perspective. Front Genet. 2012;3:267.

48. Star L, Frankena K, Kemp B, Nieuwland MGB, Parmentier HK. Natural humoral immune competence and survival in layers. Poult Sci. 2007;86:1090–9.

49. Wondmeneh E, Van Arendonk JAM, Van der Waaij EH, Ducro BJ, Parmentier HK. High natural antibody titers of indigenous chickens are related with increased hazard in confinement. Poult Sci. 2015;94:1493–8.

50. Berghof TVL, Arts JAJ, Bovenhuis H, Lammers A, Van der Poel JJ, Parmentier HK. Antigen-dependent effects of divergent selective breeding based on natural antibodies on specific humoral immune responses in chickens. Vaccine. 2018;36:1444–52.

51. Lammers A, Klomp MEV, Nieuwland MGB, Savelkoul HFJ, Parmentier HK. Adoptive transfer of natural antibodies to non-immunized chickens affects subsequent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Dev Comp Immunol. 2004;28:51–60.

52. Berghof TVL, Matthijs MGR, Arts JAJ, Bovenhuis H, Dwars RM, Van der Poel JJ, et al. Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic *Escherichia coli* (APEC) in chickens. Dev Comp Immunol. 2019;93:45–57.

53. Drangsholt TM, Gjerde B, Odegard J, Finne-Fridell F, Evensen O, Bentsen HB. Quantitative genetics of disease resistance in vaccinated and unvaccinated Atlantic salmon (*Salmo salar* L.). Heredity. 2011;107:471–7.

54. LaFrentz BR, Lozano CA, Shoemaker CA, García JC, Xu D-H, Løvoll M, et al. Controlled challenge experiment demonstrates substantial additive genetic variation in resistance of Nile tilapia (*Oreochromis niloticus*) to *Streptococcus iniae*. Aquaculture. 2016;458:134–9.

55. Chen Y, Tibbs-Cortes LE, Ashley C, Putz AM, Lim K-S, Dyck MK, et al. The genetic basis of natural antibody titers of young healthy pigs and relationships with disease resilience. BMC Genomics. 2020;21:648.

**Publisher's Note**

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
10. Fischer A, Friggens NC, Berry DP, Faverdin P. Isolating the cow-specific part of residual energy intake in lactating dairy cows using random regressions. Animal. 2018;12:1396–404.

11. Byrd C J, Johnson JS, Radcliffe JS, Craig BA, Eicher SD, Lay DC. Nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability for evaluating the growing pig stress response to an acute heat episode. Animal. 2019;14:379–87.

12. Nguyen-Ba H, Van Milgen J, Taghipoor M. A procedure to quantify the feed intake response of growing pigs to perturbations. Animal. 2019;14:253–60.

13. Revilla M, Friggens NC, Broudiscou LP, Lemonnier G, Blanc F, Ravon L, et al. Towards the quantitative characterisation of piglets' robustness to weaning: a modelling approach. Animal. 2019;13:2536–46.

14. Adriaens I, Friggens NC, Ouweltjes W, Scott H, Aernouts B, Statham J. Productive life span and resilience rank can be predicted from on-farm first-parity sensor time series but not using a common equation across farms. J Dairy Sci. 2020;103:7155–71.

15. Kok A, Tsousis G, Niozas G, Kemp B, Kaske M, van Knegsel ATM. Short communication: variance and autocorrelation of deviations in daily milk yield are related with clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Animal. 2021;15: 100363.

16. Mulder HA, Visscher J, Fablet J. Estimating the purebred-crossbred genetic correlation for uniformity of eggshell color in laying hens. Genet Sel Evol. 2016;48:39.

17. Wolc A, Arango J, Settar P, Fulton JE, O'Sullivan NP, Preisinger R, et al. Genome-wide association analysis and genetic architecture of egg weight and egg uniformity in layer chickens. Anim Genet. 2012;43:87–96.

18. Mulder HA, Hill WG, Vereijken A, Veerkamp RF. Estimation of genetic variation in residual variance in female and male broiler chickens. Animal. 2009;3:1673–80.

19. Rowe SJ, White IM, Avendaño S, Hill WG. Genetic heterogeneity of residual variance in broiler chickens. Genet Sel Evol. 2006;38:617–35.

20. Wolc A, White IMS, Avendano S, Hill WG. Genetic variability in residual variation of body weight and conformation scores in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2009;88:1156–61.

21. Mulder HA. Is GxE a burden or a blessing? Opportunities for genomic selection and big data. J Anim Breed Genet. 2017;134:435–6.

22. Elgersma GG, De Jong G, Van der Linde R, Mulder HA. Fluctuations in milk yield are heritable and can be used as a resilience indicator to breed healthy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2018;101:1240–50.

23. Poppe M, Veerkamp RF, van Pelt ML, Mulder HA. Exploration of variance, autocorrelation, and skewness of deviations from lactation curves as resilience indicators for breeding. J Dairy Sci. 2020;103:1667–84.

24. Poppe M, Bonekamp G, van Pelt ML, Mulder HA. Genetic analysis of resilience indicators based on milk yield records in different lactations and at different lactation stages. J Dairy Sci. 2021;104:1967–81.

25. Poppe M, Mulder HA, Veerkamp RF. Validation of resilience indicators by estimating genetic correlations among daughter groups and with yield responses to a heat wave and disturbances at herd level. J Dairy Sci. 2021;104:8094–106.

26. Poppe M, Mulder HA, van Pelt ML, Mullaart E, Hogeveen H, Veerkamp RF. Development of resilience indicator traits based on daily step count data for dairy cattle breeding. Genet Sel Evol. 2022;54:21.

27. Berghof TVL, Bovenhuis H, Mulder HA. Body weight deviations as indicator for resilience in layer chickens. Front Genet. 2019;10:1216.

28. Bedere N, Berghof TVL, Peeters K, Pinard-van der Laan M-H, Visscher J, David I, et al. Using egg production longitudinal recording to study the genetic background of resilience in purebred and crossbred laying hens. Genet Sel Evol. 2022;54:26.

29. Poppe M, Mulder HA, Kamphuis C, Veerkamp RF. Between-herd variation in resilience and relations to herd performance. J Dairy Sci. 2021;104:616–27.

30. Poppe M, Veerkamp RF, Mulder HA, Hogeveen H. Observational study on associations between resilience indicators based on daily milk yield in first lactation and lifetime profitability. J Dairy Sci. 2022;105:8158–76.

31. Putz AM, Harding JCS, Dyck MK, Fortin F, Plastow GS, Dekkers JCM, et al. Novel resilience phenotypes using feed intake data from a natural disease challenge model in wean-to-finish pigs. Front Genet. 2019;9:660.

32. Doekes HP, Bovenhuis H, Berghof TVL, Peeters K, Visscher J, Mulder HA. Research Note: Genome-wide association study for natural antibodies and resilience in a purebred layer chicken line. Poult Sci. 2023;102: 102312.

33. Berghof TVL, Van der Klein SAS, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK, Van der Poel JJ, Bovenhuis H. Genetic and non-genetic inheritance of natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin in a purebred layer chicken line. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0131088.

34. Berghof TVL, Visker MHPW, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK, van der Poel JJ, Vereijken ALJ, et al. Genomic region containing Toll-like receptor genes has a major impact on total IgM antibodies including KLH-binding IgM natural antibodies in chickens. Front Immunol. 2018;8:1879.

35. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R foundation for statistical computing; 2019.

36. Koenker R. quantreg: Quantile Regression. R package version 5.54; 2019. Accessed 19 Jan 2024.

37. Wickham H, François R, Henry L, Müller K. dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation. R package version 0.8.4; 2020. Accessed 19 Jan 2024.

38. Hill WG, Mulder HA. Genetic analysis of environmental variation. Genet Res. 2010;92:381–95.

39. Sell-Kubiak E, Bijma P, Knol EF, Mulder HA. Comparison of methods to study uniformity of traits: application to birth weight in pigs. J Anim Sci. 2015;93:900–11.

40. Meyer D, Dimitriadou E, Hornik K, Weingessel A, Leisch F. e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group (Formerly: E1071), TU Wien. R package version 1.7–3; 2019. Accessed 19 Jan 2024.

41. Frankena K. The interaction between *Cooperia* spp. and *Ostertagia* spp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in cattle. PhD thesis, Wageningen University. 1987.

42. Gilmour AR, Gogel BJ, Cullis BR, Thompson R, ASReml user guide, release 4.1. 1st ed. Hemel Hempstead: VSN International Ltd; 2014.

43. Mulder HA, Bijma P, Hill WG. Prediction of breeding values and selection responses with genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance. Genetics. 2007;175:1895–910.

44. Iung LHS, Neves HHR, Mulder HA, Carvalheiro R. Genetic control of residual variance of yearling weight in Nellore beef cattle. J Anim Sci. 2017;95:1425–33.

45. Rendel JM. Correlation between the number of scutellar and abdominal bristles in *Drosophila melanogaster*. Genetics. 1963;48:391–408.

46. Van der Most PJ, De Jong B, Parmentier HK, Verhult S. Trade-off between growth and immune function: a meta-analysis of selection experiments. Funct Ecol. 2011;25:74–80.

47. Raww WM. Immune response from a resource allocation perspective. Front Genet. 2012;3:267.

48. Star L, Frankena K, Kemp B, Nieuwland MGB, Parmentier HK. Natural humoral immune competence and survival in layers. Poult Sci. 2007;86:1090–9.

49. Wondmeneh E, Van Arendonk JAM, Van der Waaij EH, Ducro BJ, Parmentier HK. High natural antibody titers of indigenous chickens are related with increased hazard in confinement. Poult Sci. 2015;94:1493–8.

50. Berghof TVL, Arts JAJ, Bovenhuis H, Lammers A, Van der Poel JJ, Parmentier HK. Antigen-dependent effects of divergent selective breeding based on natural antibodies on specific humoral immune responses in chickens. Vaccine. 2018;36:1444–52.

51. Lammers A, Klomp MEV, Nieuwland MGB, Savelkoul HFJ, Parmentier HK. Adoptive transfer of natural antibodies to non-immunized chickens affects subsequent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Dev Comp Immunol. 2004;28:51–60.

52. Berghof TVL, Matthijs MGR, Arts JAJ, Bovenhuis H, Dwars RM, Van der Poel JJ, et al. Selective breeding for high natural antibody level increases resistance to avian pathogenic *Escherichia coli* (APEC) in chickens. Dev Comp Immunol. 2019;93:45–57.

53. Drangsholt TM, Gjerde B, Odegard J, Finne-Fridell F, Evensen O, Bentsen HB. Quantitative genetics of disease resistance in vaccinated and unvaccinated Atlantic salmon (*Salmo salar* L.). Heredity. 2011;107:471–7.

54. LaFrentz BR, Lozano CA, Shoemaker CA, García JC, Xu D-H, Løvoll M, et al. Controlled challenge experiment demonstrates substantial additive genetic variation in resistance of Nile tilapia (*Oreochromis niloticus*) to *Streptococcus iniae*. Aquaculture. 2016;458:134–9.

55. Chen Y, Tibbs-Cortes LE, Ashley C, Putz AM, Lim K-S, Dyck MK, et al. The genetic basis of natural antibody titers of young healthy pigs and relationships with disease resilience. BMC Genomics. 2020;21:648.

**Publisher's Note**

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.