ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SORGHUM/SOYABEAN
INTERCROP SYSTEMS BY PARTIAL BUDGET IN
THE GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA

I.A. Yusuf, E.A. Aiyelari, F.A. Lawal

► To cite this version:

I.A. Yusuf, E.A. Aiyelari, F.A. Lawal. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SORGHUM/SOYABEAN IN-TERCROP SYSTEMS BY PARTIAL BUDGET IN THE GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA. Continental Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2016, 8 (1), pp.9-12. 10.5707/cjae.2014.8.1.9.12. hal-01326659

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
SHORT COMMUNICATION

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SORGHUM/SOYABEAN INTERCROP
SYSTEMS BY PARTIAL BUDGET IN THE GUINEA SAVANNAH OF
NIGERIA.

¹I.A. Yusuf, ² E.A. Aiyelari, ³ F.A. Lawal

¹National Cereals Research Institute, P.M.B. 104 Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria.

²Agronomy Department University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. ³ Agric. Econ & Extn. Services Department, IBB University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Five sorghum/soyabean planting schedules intercrop were evaluated in a field experiment at Mokwa (Guinea savannah) in Nigeria, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons with a view of determining the planting schedule that will result in the highest net benefits. Experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB) with three replicates. Soyabean variety TGX1019-2EB was drilled on the crest of the ridge, while sorghum seedlings were transplanted on the lower side of the ridge. The following sorghum/soyabean intercrop treatments were evaluated: (1) Sorg + Soy 0DAPS: Sorghum seedlings intercropped with soyabean at 0 day after planting soyabean, (2) Sorg + Soy 14DAPS: Sorghum seedlings intercropped with soyabean at 14 days after planting soyabean, (3) Sorg + Soy 28DAPS: Sorghum seedlings intercropped with soyabean at 28 days after planting soyabean. Sole soyabean and sole sorghum were also planted as treatments 4 and 5 respectively. Results obtained indicated that the treatment Sorg + Soy 0DAPS gave the highest net benefit of N798, 000 and N287, 150 in 2012 and 2013 respectively.

**KEYWORDS:** Sorghum, Soyabean, Intercrop, Total extra cost, Extra benefits, Net benefits.

Received for Publication: 21/06/14

Accepted for Publication: 27/09/14

Corresponding Author: iayusuf22@yahoo.com

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## INTRODUCTION

In almost all peasants cropping system intercropping predominates. The most important reason for the persistence of this farming practice are that gross return per unit area of land is usually higher under intercropping than in sole cropping. It also helps in the control of erosion and weeds and brings about even distribution of labour (Okigbo and Greenland, 1976). Yusuf et al. (2009) reported that planting of cassava at 28 Days Before Planting Soyabean resulted in the highest yields of the component crops. Yusuf et al. (2012) also reported that maize should be planted at 14 Days Before Planting Soyabean, for optimum yields of the component crops in a maize/soyabean planting schedule intercrop. Soyabean is an important non-meat source of protein. It is reported to contain about 40% protein, 20% oil, 30% carbohydrate, excellent amount of fiber, vitamins and mineral (IITA, 2009). The Guinea savannah is best suited for soyabean production in Nigeria, yet many farmers in this agro-ecological zone have not incorporated soyabean into their cropping system. One of the challenges that hinder the cultivation of soyabean in this zone is the lack of information about the appropriate planting schedule required, for intercropping of soyabean with cereals crop like sorghum for optimum net benefits from the component crops. This experiment was therefore carried out to provide this information. The objective of this experiment was to determine the sorghum/soyabean planting schedule intercrop system required for optimum net benefits.

## MATERIALS AND METHOD

A field experiment was conducted at the National Cereals Research Institute at Mokwa (Guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria), during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The experiment was planted on ridges on a 14 x 38m land area. Sorghum seedlings (Red seeded photo-period sensitive farmers variety), were intercropped with soyabean variety TGX 1019-2EB on the following Days After Planting Soyabean (DAPS): (1) 0DAPS i.e. 22^nd^ and 27^th^ of July 2012 and 2013 respectively, (2) 14 DAPS i.e. 5^th^ and 10^th^ of August in 2012 and 2013 respectively, (3) 28DAPS i.e. 19^th^ and 24^th^ of August in 2012 and 2013 respectively, (4) Sole soyabean planted on the 22^nd^ and 23^rd^ of July in 2012 and 2013 respectively, (5) All sorghum seedlings were obtained from a sole sorghum plot planted in both years on June the 15^th^. Experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB) with three replicates. Soyabean seeds were planted on the crest of each ridge, while sorghum seedlings were planted on the lower side of each ridge. Soyabean plant spacing was 5 x 75cm (266,666plants/ha), while the sorghum plant spacing was 100 x 75 cm (13,333 plants/ha x 2): sorghum plants were thinned to two plants per stand. The gross plot (4 x 3m) consisted of 4 ridges, while the net plot (2 x 1m) consisted of the two central ridges of each plot. NPK were band applied to both crops at the rate of 30 kg/ha at 2 weeks after planting. Weed control was achieved by hoe weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after planting. Crop yields were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means separated by the Duncan's Multiple Range

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Test (DMRT). The net benefits of intercropping soyabean with sorghum were computed using partial budget.

## RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In 2012, the highest net benefit of N 798,000:00 was obtained from the intercrop treatment sorghum intercrop with soyabean at 0 Day After Planting Soyabean (i.e. Sorg + Soy 0DAPS) (Table 1). A net benefit of N129,080 was obtained from the sole soyabean treatment, which indicated that a net benefit of N668,920 was gained as a result of intercropping sorghum with soyabean at 0 DAPS. Similar trends were observed in 2013, with the highest net benefit of N289, 150 obtained from the treatment Sorg + Soy 0DAPS (Table 2). A net benefit of N258, 900 was obtained from the sole soyabean treatment, which indicated that a net benefit of N30, 250 was gained as a result of intercropping sorghum with soyabean at 0 DAPS. In conclusion, for optimum net benefit, sorghum seedlings should be intercropped with soyabean on soyabean planting day (i.e. Sorg + Soy 0DAPS).

<table><caption>Table 1: Economic analysis by partial budget</caption><thead><tr><th>Treatments</th><th>Sorg<br>Yields (Kg/ha)</th><th>Soy<br>Yields (Kg/ha)</th><th>Gross<br>benefits</th><th>Net<br>benefits</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Sorg + Soy0DAPS</td><td>1130.0a</td><td>2012<br>367.5</td><td>N848,000</td><td>N798,000</td></tr><tr><td>Sorg + Soy14DAPS</td><td>870.0ab</td><td>828.6</td><td>N252,720</td><td>N202,720</td></tr><tr><td>Sorg + Soy28DAPS</td><td>217.0b</td><td>1152.1</td><td>N252,120</td><td>N202,120</td></tr><tr><td>Sole soyabean</td><td>-</td><td>895.4</td><td>N179,080</td><td>N129,080</td></tr><tr><td>Sole sorghum</td><td>1202.5a</td><td>-</td><td>N120,250</td><td>N70,250</td></tr></tbody></table>

N.B.

N.S

* Extra costs:-Soyabean seeds/ha (50kg) = ₦ 10,000, planting of soyabean = ₦ 5,000, harvesting, threshing, winnowing and bagging of soyabean = ₦ 35,000.

* Total extra cost = ₦ 50,000

* Extra benefit: - Sorg yield x sorg field price + soy yield x soy field price.

* Net benefit :- Extra Benefit – Total Extra Cost

* Sorghum field price; ₦ 100/kg

* Soyabean field price; ₦ 200/kg

* Sorg :- Sorghum

* Soy :- Soyabean

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<table><caption>Table 2: Economic analysis by partial budget</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Treatments</th><th>Sorg</th><th>Soy</th><th rowspan="2">Gross benefits</th><th rowspan="2">Net benefits</th></tr><tr><th>Yields (Kg/ha)</th><th>Yields (Kg/ha)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">2013</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sorg + Soy0DAPS</td><td>1017.5b</td><td>1177.0b</td><td>N337, 150</td><td>N287, 150</td></tr><tr><td>Sorg + Soy14DAPS</td><td>797.0c</td><td>1283.5ab</td><td>N336, 400</td><td>N286, 400</td></tr><tr><td>Sorg + Soy28DAPS</td><td>690.5d</td><td>1245.5ab</td><td>N318, 150</td><td>N268, 150</td></tr><tr><td>Sole soyabean</td><td>-</td><td>1544.5a</td><td>N308, 900</td><td>N258, 900</td></tr><tr><td>Sole sorghum</td><td>1134.5a</td><td>-</td><td>N113, 450</td><td>N63, 450</td></tr></tbody></table>

N.B.

N.S

* Extra costs:-Soyabean seeds/ha (50kg) = ₦ 10,000, planting of soyabean = ₦ 5,000, harvesting, threshing, winnowing and bagging of soyabean = ₦ 35,000.

* Total extra cost = ₦ 50,000

* Extra benefit:- Sorg yield x sorg field price + Soy yield x soy field price

* Net benefit :- Extra Benefit – Total Extra Cost

* Sorghum field price; ₦ 100/kg

* Soyabean field price; ₦ 200/kg

* Sorg :- Sorghum

* Soy :- Soyabean

REFERENCES:

Okigbo, B.N. and D.J. Greenland. (1967). Intercropping systems in Tropical Africa. P.63-102: In R.I. Papendict *et al.*, (eds). Multiple Cropping Species Publication. No. 27 AN-SPC Agron Madison. W.I. USA.

Research to Nourish Africa (2009). By The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Yusuf, I.A. *et al.* (2009). Evaluation of the planting schedule of soyabean/cassava intercrop systems for optimum yields in the Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. *Nigeria Agricultural Journal*. 40: 145-149.

Yusuf, I.A. *et al.* (2012). Evaluation of the planting schedule of soyabean/maize intercropping systems for optimum yields in the Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria. In *Continental Journal of Agricultural Science* Vol. 6 (3): 50-55.

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