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# Appendix

A) Parameters for Social Milieus................................................................................ III

B) Semi-Structured Interview Guiding Questions (July 2019).................................... IV

C) Overview of all conducted interviews ........................................................................ VI

D) Young Professionals—Demographic Data.................................................................. XI

E) Social Climbers—Demographic Data........................................................................ XII

F) Young Professionals- Language Choice and Interlocutor .................................... XIII

H) Social Climbers—Language choice and Interlocutor ............................................ XV

I) Social Climbers and Young Professionals—Language Choice and Feelings ............ XVI

J) List of codes............................................................................................................ XVII
A) Parameters for Social Milieus

(by Neubert and Stoll 2015)

1. Demography/social position: age, marital status, socialization (rural, urban), place of residence (rural, urban), education, occupation, languages used, social networks (ethnic, socio-economically homogeneous/heterogeneous).

2. Space and places: important places and meeting places, current mobility profile (more in the home, more outside the home), spatial dimension of social networks including long distance contacts (internet, telephone), urban-rural contacts, diaspora contacts, personal experience of migration and travel.

3. Aims in life: basic values, identity, home (rural/urban), savings, investments, consumption, what is a “good life”, perspectives for old age, burial place.

4. Work/performance: role of occupation (just a job or constitutive of identity), career orientation, work ethos, socio-economic mobility, attitude to education.

5. Ideals and role models: elements of a “good life”, wishes, fantasies, role models, visions or plans for the future, fundamental value orientations, consumption and savings behaviour.

6. Image of society: basic social principles, political and civil society engagement, satisfaction with political and social system, perception of social problems, bases/sources of trust.

7. Family/partnership, gender roles: family values, gender roles, partnership, sexual morality.

8. Leisure/communication: Leisure activities: family, nightclubs/dancing, events, reading, DVDs, sports (active, passive), general hedonism,

9. Communication: role of the internet, IT social networks, newspapers, TV, radio.

10. Everyday aesthetics: clothing, home, furnishings, equipment, hairstyle, body image, art, demonstrative consumption, status symbols.
## B) Semi-Structured Interview Guiding Questions (July 2019)

During my stay in East Africa and my studies, I recognized the richness of Kenya as a multilingual nation and I got interested in which languages are spoken when by whom and why. In order to answer these questions, I am currently conducting field research in Nairobi, focusing on language use within the Middle Class. Therefore, I would be delighted if you would be willing to help me in my research. In order to be able to remember your answers, I would like to record the interview, but in my Master thesis all your personal information will be anonymized. Furthermore, I want to point out that it is not about giving a "correct" answer, but rather giving me insights into your everyday life and sharing your personal opinions.

1) In your opinion, which languages are spoken in Nairobi and by whom?

2) Would you like to tell me, which of these languages do you speak?

3) How and when did you learn these languages? Can you walk me through your life? Starting in your early childhood, going to primary and secondary school, which language did you use to speak?

a. Did your language choices change over the years? How would you describe it?

b. Who or what has influenced you learning these languages?

c. Has literature in these languages influences your interests in these languages?

d. If yes, can you name some authors or titles?

4) In which situation do you choose to speak which language to whom? Please walk me through your day: Let's start in the morning, when you wake up...

a. Are there languages you only speak to specific people (among friends, with your partner)?

b. Are there situations where you tend to always use the same language? Can you tell me more about them?

c. Are there topics where you feel more comfortable to speak in one or the other language?

d. Are there places (like home, at work at the market) where you prefer to speak a specific language? Can you describe such a situation for me?

5) How would you describe your feelings towards English/Swahili/vernacular/Sheng?

a. Is it easier/ harder to express yourself in one of these languages?

b. Do you feel closer to one or the other language?

6) Did you ever had the feeling that you used the "wrong" language in a situation? If yes, can you give an example?

7) Do you know someone in Nairobi who speaks mainly mainly languages? Can you tell me more about them?

a. In which language do they raise their children?

8) Do you know someone in Nairobi who only speaks English? How would you characterize them?

a. Would they also exclusively speak English to their children?

9) How do you see the language-scape of Nairobi in 10 and 50 years? What will change (if something changes)?

10) Which language do you use to talk to...

a) Your grandparent(s) and their generation?

b) To your parents and their generation?
c) Your sisters and brothers?

d) To friends in the same age?

e) To your own children? (if you don't have any yet, which language will you use to raise them?)

f) To a doctor?

g) To a market/street seller?

h) To bilingual government officials?

i) In which language are you praying?

j) In which language are you thinking?

k) In which language are you dreaming?

11) Which language would you use in the following situations?

a) When you are happy?

b) When you are angry?

c) When you are serious?

d) When you want to be romantic?

e) When you are joking?

f) When you are sad?

g) When you want to be professional?

h) When you want to be hip/cool?

12) Demographic questions

a. How old are you?

b. What is your ethnicity?

c. What is your current educational level?

d. How would you identify your religious affiliation (if any)?

e. What is your current occupation?

f. In which neighborhood do you live in Nairobi?

g. When did you move to Nairobi (or have you been born here)?

13) Is there anything else you would like to tell me?
<table><caption>C) Overview of all conducted interviews</caption><thead><tr><td>Number</td><td>Gender</td><td>Age</td><td>Neighborhood</td><td>Years in Nairobi</td><td>Ethnicity</td><td>Occupation</td><td>Date of Interview</td><td>Duration of interview</td><td>Place of Interview</td><td>Religion</td><td>Education</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>f</td><td>19</td><td>Nairobi West</td><td>1month</td><td>Masaai</td><td>student</td><td>28th June 2019</td><td>24:48-3</td><td>ACK canteen outdoor</td><td>Chr Anglican</td><td>BA International Relation</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Kasalani</td><td>10</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>care-giver</td><td>28th June 2019</td><td>23:21-9</td><td>ACK canteen indoor</td><td>Christian</td><td>Form Four</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>f</td><td>21</td><td>Embakasi</td><td>21</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Hospitality at a guesthouse</td><td>29th June 2019</td><td>54:22-7</td><td>Peach Restaurant</td><td>Chr Bethel</td><td>College</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>f</td><td>24</td><td>Lavington</td><td>4</td><td>Kamba</td><td>BA student sociology</td><td>30th June 2019</td><td>17:37-9</td><td>Nai Museum outdoor</td><td>Chr Valley Road</td><td>BA UoN</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>m</td><td>25</td><td>Ngara</td><td>4</td><td>Samburu</td><td>student; fashion business</td><td>2nd July 2019</td><td>24:05:00</td><td>restaurant Ngara</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA KU</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>m</td><td>33</td><td>Kambu county</td><td>?</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Inspector</td><td>2nd July 2019</td><td>17:30-2</td><td>Restaurant Ngara</td><td>Chr Cath</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>m</td><td>35</td><td>Ngara</td><td>8</td><td>Meru</td><td>law student MKU</td><td>3rd July 2019</td><td>18:52-4</td><td>restaurant Ngara</td><td>Chr Cath</td><td>Law MKU</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>m</td><td>65 *</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Gikuyu teacher</td><td>3rd July 2019</td><td>13:23-4</td><td>ACK language school</td><td>Chr</td><td>?</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>9</td><td>m</td><td>23</td><td>South C</td><td>23</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Student</td><td>3rd July 2019</td><td>13:23-4</td><td>ACK language school</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>f</td><td>21</td><td>Karen</td><td>21</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Student</td><td>3rd July 2019</td><td>13:23-4</td><td>ACK language school</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>f</td><td>53</td><td>Kikuyu</td><td>?</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>School principle</td><td>3rd July 2019</td><td>28:18-4</td><td>ACK language school</td><td>Chr Anglican</td><td>BA KU Education</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Ngumu</td><td>30</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Program officer NGO</td><td>3rd July 2019</td><td>34:21-6</td><td>NGO's office</td><td>Chr Protestant</td><td>MA</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>m</td><td>34</td><td>Ngara</td><td>5</td><td>Kisii</td><td>Insurance company</td><td>4th July 2019</td><td>39:44-5</td><td>Restaurant Ngara</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA applied statistics</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>m</td><td>33</td><td>Nairobi West</td><td>15</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Banker</td><td>4th July 2019</td><td>35:08-2</td><td>Hamid restaurant</td><td>Chr Catholic</td><td>MA Finance</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>m</td><td>35*</td><td>Kibera</td><td>35*</td><td>?</td><td>Boxing coach</td><td>5th July 2019</td><td>26:06-2</td><td>Nyayo Stadium</td><td>Chr</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>m</td><td>48</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>12</td><td>Kalenjin</td><td>National insurance</td><td>5th July 2019</td><td>26:03-9</td><td>ACK canteen outdoor</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>m</td><td>48</td><td>Kibera</td><td>48</td><td>Luo</td><td>Social worker</td><td>6th July 2019</td><td>39:44-2</td><td>Java Adams Arcade</td><td>Chr Pentecost</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>f</td><td>24</td><td>Ngara</td><td>24</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Student UoN</td><td>6th July 2019</td><td>37:01-1</td><td>Home in Ngara</td><td>Chr Catholic</td><td>BA Sociology</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>m</td><td>46</td><td>Kerbu County</td><td>9</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Lecturer</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>38:53-2</td><td>Office USIU</td><td>Chr</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>f</td><td>45*</td><td>Thome</td><td>?</td><td>Msomali</td><td>Spanish lecturer</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>31:46-7</td><td>Office USIU</td><td>Muslim</td><td>PhD</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>f</td><td>23</td><td>Kariako</td><td>23</td><td>Luo</td><td>Student USIU</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>49:13-2</td><td>Office USIU</td><td>Chr</td><td>IBA Consulting</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>f</td><td>19</td><td>South C</td><td>19</td><td>Sikh</td><td>Student USIU</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>49:13-2</td><td>Office USIU</td><td>Sikh</td><td>BA Int Relations</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>23</td><td>f</td><td>22</td><td>Kimathi Estate</td><td>22</td><td>Luhyia</td><td>Student USIU</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>49:13-2</td><td>office USIU</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA Journalism, Statistics</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>m</td><td>25</td><td>Pangani</td><td>15</td><td>Kamba</td><td>Student USIU, working</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>33:32-1</td><td>Office USIU</td><td>Chr</td><td>MA Computer Science</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>m</td><td>41</td><td>Kibera</td><td>?</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Taxi driver</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>28:55-3</td><td>Taxi</td><td>Chr</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>m</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>Professor</td><td>9th July 2019</td><td>53:32-1</td><td>Office USIU</td><td>Chr</td><td>Professor</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>f</td><td>25</td><td>Harling-hum</td><td>7months</td><td>Ndigo</td><td>Domestic defense/ army</td><td>17th July 2019</td><td>22:36-6</td><td>Java Yaya House</td><td>Muslim</td><td>Form Four</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>f</td><td>27</td><td>Laving-ton</td><td>5</td><td>Kamba</td><td>Student; mum</td><td>22nd July 2019</td><td>26:57-1</td><td>Home in Lavington</td><td>Chr</td><td>MA Economics</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>f</td><td>38</td><td>Kiten-gela</td><td>15</td><td>Kisii</td><td>Insurance</td><td>22nd July 2019</td><td>21:23-6</td><td>Peach Restaurant</td><td>Chr Catholic</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>m</td><td>57</td><td>Nguru-guru</td><td>43</td><td>?</td><td>Prof; author</td><td>23rd July 2019</td><td>41:12-5</td><td>UoN</td><td>?</td><td>Professor</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>m</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>Prof; author</td><td>23rd July 2019</td><td>63:26-5</td><td>UoN</td><td>?</td><td>Professor</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>m</td><td>52</td><td>Kiten-gela</td><td>25</td><td>Meru</td><td>Prof; author</td><td>23rd July 2019</td><td>19:41-9</td><td>UoN</td><td>?</td><td>Professor</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>f</td><td>44</td><td>Long-nata</td><td>20</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Entrepreneur</td><td>25th July 2019</td><td>51:12-8</td><td>ACK canteen outdoor</td><td>Chr</td><td>MA</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>f</td><td>26</td><td>Embakasi</td><td>22</td><td>Luhiya</td><td>Journalist</td><td>27th July 2019</td><td>1:19:37-9</td><td>Java CBD</td><td>Chr</td><td>MA develop communication</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>m</td><td>23</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>Luo</td><td>Student</td><td>8th August 2019</td><td>37:00-4</td><td>Railways canteen</td><td>Chr Catholic</td><td>Form Four</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>m</td><td>37</td><td>Westlands</td><td>15</td><td>Idacho</td><td>Author</td><td>8th August 2019</td><td>36:13-8</td><td>Railways canteen</td><td>Chr Quaker</td><td>Diploma</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>37</td><td>m</td><td>32</td><td>Kibera</td><td>26</td><td>Luyhia</td><td>Lab assistance</td><td>10th August 2019</td><td>36:07-5</td><td>Lab Kibera</td><td>Chr</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>m</td><td>22</td><td>Kibera</td><td>22</td><td>Luo</td><td>Student</td><td>10th August 2019</td><td>20:15-4</td><td>Home Kibera</td><td>Chr</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>f</td><td>46</td><td>Kibera</td><td>24</td><td>Luo</td><td>Mother</td><td>10th August 2019</td><td>29:41-2</td><td>Home Kibera</td><td>Chr</td><td>Darasa la nane</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>m</td><td>29</td><td>Thika Road</td><td>29</td><td>Luo</td><td>Doctor</td><td>10th August 2019</td><td>23:31-1</td><td>Dispensary</td><td>Chr Sevenday- Adventist</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>f</td><td>27</td><td>Lavington</td><td>25</td><td>Kisii</td><td>Entrepreneur</td><td>13th August 2019</td><td>36:00-5</td><td>Java Valley Arcade</td><td>Chr Protestant Sitam</td><td>Degree business management</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>m</td><td>23</td><td>Kwangware</td><td>0.5</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Fitness trainer</td><td>15th August 2019</td><td>26:23-1</td><td>Gym Hurlingham</td><td>Chr</td><td>Degree</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>m</td><td>27</td><td>Eastlands</td><td>4</td><td>Luo</td><td>Lawyer</td><td>15th August 2019</td><td>26:46-9</td><td>Java Yaya House</td><td>Chr Pentecost</td><td>Degree</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>m</td><td>55</td><td>Kenyatta Market</td><td>17</td><td>Eritera</td><td>Teacher/ unemployed</td><td>19th August 2019</td><td>32:15-6</td><td>KeshKesh</td><td>Chr Lutheran</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>f</td><td>19 *</td><td>Kenyatta Market</td><td>2months</td><td>Mchagga, TZ</td><td>Shop seller</td><td>20th August 2019</td><td>Not recorded</td><td>Kiosk Kenyatta Market</td><td>?</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>South B</td><td>30</td><td>Luhiya</td><td>researcher: student; singer</td><td>22nd August 2019</td><td>50:52-0</td><td>Alliance Francaise</td><td>Chr Royal Assembly</td><td>BA</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>m</td><td>63</td><td>Madarakka Estate</td><td>40</td><td>Ekegusi</td><td>music teacher</td><td>22nd August 2019</td><td>1:04:28-6</td><td>All Saints church</td><td>Chr Lutheran</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>m</td><td>38</td><td>CBD</td><td>38</td><td>Urdu</td><td>Sheik; Imam</td><td>23rd August 2019</td><td>28:27-8</td><td>Hamid restaurant</td><td>Muslim</td><td>MA Islamic studies</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>30</td><td>None</td><td>Real Estate</td><td>23rd August 2019</td><td>1:05:28-9</td><td>Home Kilimani</td><td>None</td><td>Degree computer engineering</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>50</td><td>f</td><td>34</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>34</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>NGO consultant</td><td>23rd August 2019</td><td>47:09-8</td><td>KeshKesh</td><td>Chr</td><td>MA</td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>f</td><td>71</td><td>Madar-aka Estate</td><td>44</td><td>Kinyakusa, TZ</td><td>UN secretary</td><td>26th August 2019</td><td>55:53-4</td><td>Restaurant CBD</td><td>Chr Lutheran</td><td>Standard 8</td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>f</td><td>51</td><td>Rongata Rongai</td><td>25</td><td>Kisii</td><td>Communi-ty worker</td><td>27th August 2019</td><td>43:31-6</td><td>Restaurant CBD</td><td>Chr</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>f</td><td>30 *</td><td>Kilimani - River-side</td><td>30*</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Entre-preneur</td><td>27th August 2019</td><td>41:27:00</td><td>Home Kilimani</td><td>Chr Baptist</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>f</td><td>43</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>43*</td><td>Kamba</td><td>Entre-preneur</td><td>27th August 2019</td><td>30:26-0</td><td>Home Kilimani</td><td>Chr Pentecost</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>f</td><td>35 *</td><td>Kawang -ware</td><td>35*</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Mother; home teacher</td><td>29th August 2019</td><td>24:36-0</td><td>home</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA accounting</td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>m</td><td>11</td><td>Kawang -ware</td><td>11</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Child</td><td>29th August 2019</td><td>13:34-4</td><td>Home</td><td>Chr</td><td>Child</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>m</td><td>8*</td><td>Kawang -ware</td><td>8*</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Child</td><td>29th August 2019</td><td>9:49-7</td><td>Home</td><td>Chr</td><td>Child</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>m</td><td>46</td><td>Kawang -ware</td><td>46</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Father; NGO</td><td>29th August 2019</td><td>43:30-4</td><td>Home</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA natural science UoN</td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>f</td><td>58</td><td>East-lands</td><td>58</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Assistance; mother</td><td>2nd September 2019</td><td>38:13-9</td><td>Pizza Place CBD</td><td>Chr prayers beyond boundaries</td><td>Form four</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>m</td><td>37</td><td>Em-bakasi</td><td>20</td><td>Kisii</td><td>Pastor</td><td>2nd September 2019</td><td>53:37-6</td><td>Hamid restaurant</td><td>Chr Lutheran</td><td>Theology</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>m</td><td>37</td><td>?</td><td>10</td><td>Luhyia</td><td>Driver</td><td>3rd September 2019</td><td>25:15-8</td><td>Art gallery restaurant</td><td>Chr Sitam</td><td>Motor-vehicle</td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>m</td><td>33</td><td>Kongoo</td><td>33</td><td>Luhiya</td><td>Climate advocacy</td><td>3rd September 2019</td><td>41:44-1</td><td>Java CBD</td><td>None</td><td>MA</td></tr></table>

BA=Bachelor of Arts; MA= Master of Arts; Chr=Christian; *=age not exactly known
D) Young Professionals—Demographic Data

<table><thead><tr><td>Number</td><td>Gender</td><td>Age</td><td>Neighborhood</td><td>Years in Nairobi</td><td>Ethnicity</td><td>Occupation</td><td>Date of Interview</td><td>Duration of interview</td><td>Place of Interview</td><td>Religion</td><td>Education</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>12</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Ngumu</td><td>30</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Program officer intern. NGO</td><td>3rd July 2019</td><td>34:21-6</td><td>DAAD office</td><td>Chr Protestant</td><td>MA</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>m</td><td>33</td><td>Nairobi West</td><td>15</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Banker</td><td>4th July 2019</td><td>35:08-2</td><td>Hamid restaurant</td><td>Chr Catholic</td><td>MA Finance</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>f</td><td>26</td><td>Embakasi</td><td>22</td><td>Luhiya</td><td>Journalist</td><td>27th July 2019</td><td>1:19:37-9</td><td>Java CBD</td><td>Chr</td><td>MA develop communication</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>f</td><td>27</td><td>Lavington</td><td>25</td><td>Kisii</td><td>Entrepreneur</td><td>13th Aug 2019</td><td>36:00-5</td><td>Java Valley Arcade</td><td>Chr Protestant Sitam</td><td>Degree business management</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>30</td><td>None</td><td>Real Estate</td><td>23rd Aug 2019</td><td>1:05:28-9</td><td>Home Kilimani</td><td>None</td><td>Degree computer engineering</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>f</td><td>34</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>34</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>NGO consultant</td><td>23rd Aug 2019</td><td>47:09-8</td><td>Kesh-Kesh</td><td>Chr</td><td>MA</td></tr></tbody></table>

Chr= Christian; MA= Master of Arts
E) Social Climbers—Demographic Data

<table><thead><tr><td>Number</td><td>Gender</td><td>Age</td><td>Neighborhood</td><td>Years in Nairobi</td><td>Ethnicity</td><td>Occupation</td><td>Date of Interview</td><td>Duration of interview</td><td>Place of Interview</td><td>Religion</td><td>Education</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Kasalani</td><td>10</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>care-giver</td><td>28th June 2019</td><td>23:21-9</td><td>ACK canteen indoor</td><td>Christian</td><td>Form Four</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>f</td><td>21</td><td>Emba-kasi</td><td>21</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Hospitality guesthouse</td><td>29th June 2019</td><td>54:22-7</td><td>Peach Restau-rant</td><td>Chr Bethel</td><td>College</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>m</td><td>34</td><td>Ngara</td><td>5</td><td>Kisii</td><td>Insurance company</td><td>4th July 2019</td><td>39:44-5</td><td>Restaurant Ngara</td><td>Chr</td><td>BA applied statistics</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>m</td><td>23</td><td>Kwan-gware</td><td>0.5</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Fitness trainer</td><td>15th Aug 2019</td><td>26:23-1</td><td>Gym Hurlingham</td><td>Chr</td><td>Degree</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>f</td><td>30 *</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>30 *</td><td>Gikuyu</td><td>Entrepreneur</td><td>27th Aug 2019</td><td>41:27:00</td><td>Home Winny Kilimani</td><td>Chr aptist</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>f</td><td>43</td><td>Kilimani</td><td>43 *</td><td>Kamba</td><td>Entrepreneur</td><td>27th Aug 2019</td><td>30:26-0</td><td>Home Winny Kilimani</td><td>Chr Pentecost</td><td>Diploma</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>m</td><td>37</td><td>?</td><td>10</td><td>Luhyia</td><td>Driver</td><td>3rd Sept 2019</td><td>25:15-8</td><td>Art gallery restaurant</td><td>Chr Sitam</td><td>Motorvehicle</td></tr></tbody></table>

*=age not exactly known;

Chr= Christian

BA= Bachelor of Arts
F) Young Professionals- Language Choice and Interlocutor

<table><thead><tr><th>Number</th><th>Gender</th><th>Age</th><th>Grandparents</th><th>Parents</th><th>Siblings</th><th>Partner</th><th>Friends</th><th>Children</th><th>Doctor</th><th>Government official</th><th>Street vendor</th><th>Thinking</th><th>Dreaming</th><th>Praying</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="15" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">Young Professionals</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>V</td><td>Eng, Swa V</td><td>Swa; Eng</td><td>Eng (Swa)</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng (Swa)</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>m</td><td>33</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa V Eng</td><td>Eng Swa Sh</td><td>Swa Sh Eng</td><td>(Eng) (Swa) Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>V Swa Sh</td><td>Eng Swa Sh V</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>f</td><td>26</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa Eng</td><td>Swa, Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>f</td><td>27</td><td>V</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh Eng</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng Swa Sh</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng, Swa</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng (Swa)</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng Swa Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>f</td><td>34</td><td>V Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa (Eng)</td><td>Eng (Swa)</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr></tbody></table>

Eng= English; Swa=Swahili

V=Vernacular language; Sh=Sheng
<table><caption>G) Students-future Young Professionals—Language Choice and Interlocutor</caption><thead><tr><th>Number</th><th>Gender</th><th>Age</th><th>Grandparents</th><th>Parents</th><th>Siblings</th><th>Partner</th><th>Friends</th><th>Children</th><th>Doctor</th><th>Government official</th><th>Street vendor</th><th>Thinking</th><th>Dreaming</th><th>Praying</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>5</td><td>f</td><td>24</td><td>V Swa</td><td>Sw V Eng</td><td>Eng Swa Sh V</td><td>/</td><td>Swa (Sh) (Eng)</td><td>Swa (Eng)</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng V Swa</td><td>Eng Swa</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>m</td><td>25</td><td>V</td><td>V</td><td>Swa V</td><td>/</td><td>V Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa Eng</td><td>/</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Swa</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>m</td><td>25</td><td>/</td><td>V</td><td>/</td><td>V</td><td>V Sh</td><td>Swa Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng Swa Sh</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>m</td><td>23</td><td>V</td><td>Eng Swa Sh</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng Swa Sh V</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>m</td><td>21</td><td>V</td><td>Eng Swa Sh</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>f</td><td>24</td><td>V</td><td>V</td><td>V Swa</td><td>Eng Swa V</td><td>Eng (Swa)</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng (Swa)</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>f</td><td>23</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa Eng</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>f</td><td>19</td><td>V</td><td>V</td><td>Eng</td><td>/</td><td>Eng (V)</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>V</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>f</td><td>22</td><td>V</td><td>V Swa Eng</td><td>Swa Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr></tbody></table>

Eng= English; Swa=Swahili

V=Vernacular language; Sh=Sheng
## H) Social Climbers—Language choice and Interlocutor

<table><thead><tr><th>Number</th><th>Gender</th><th>Age</th><th>Grandparents</th><th>Parents</th><th>Siblings</th><th>Partner</th><th>Friends</th><th>Children</th><th>Doctor</th><th>Government official</th><th>Street vendor</th><th>Thinking</th><th>Dreaming</th><th>Praying</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="15">Social Climbers born in countryside</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>V</td><td>V</td><td>V</td><td>V<br>Eng<br>Swa</td><td>Swa<br>Sh<br>V</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng<br>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>/</td><td>(V)</td><td>Eng<br>V<br>Swa</td><td>Eng<br>(Swa)<br>(V)</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>m</td><td>34</td><td>V</td><td>V</td><td>/</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng<br>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa<br>V</td><td>Eng<br>(Swa)</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>m</td><td>23</td><td>V</td><td></td><td>Sh</td><td>Swa<br>Sh</td><td>Sh</td><td>/</td><td>Eng<br>Swa</td><td>Eng<br>Swa</td><td>Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>m</td><td>37</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa<br>V</td><td>V</td><td>/</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>all</td><td>Swa</td></tr><tr><td colspan="15">Social Climbers born in Nairobi</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>f</td><td>21</td><td>V</td><td>Swa<br>V</td><td>Sh</td><td>Sh</td><td>Sh</td><td>Sh<br>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>/</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng<br>Sh<br>Swa</td><td>Eng, V</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>f</td><td>30*</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa<br>Sh</td><td>Swa<br>Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng,<br>Swa</td><td>Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>all</td><td>Eng</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>f</td><td>43</td><td>V</td><td>Eng<br>Swa<br>Sh</td><td>Eng<br>Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng<br>Swa<br>S<br>V</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr></tbody></table>

Eng= English; Swa=Swahili; V=Vernacular language; Sh=Sheng;
<table><caption>I) Social Climbers and Young Professionals—Language Choice and Feelings</caption><thead><tr><th>Number</th><th>Gender</th><th>Age</th><th></th><th>Angry</th><th>Happy</th><th>Serious</th><th>Romantic</th><th>Joking</th><th>Sad</th><th>Professional</th><th>Cool/ Hip</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="12" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Social Climbers born in countryside</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>m</td><td>34</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>m</td><td>23</td><td>Swa, Sh, V, Eng</td><td>Swa, Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>all</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh, Eng</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>m</td><td>37</td><td>Swa</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng, Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Social Climbers born in Nairobi</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>f</td><td>21</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>f</td><td>30*</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa, Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa, Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>f</td><td>43</td><td>Eng</td><td>V, Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;">Young Professionals</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>m</td><td>33</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td><td>/</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>f</td><td>26</td><td>/</td><td>Eng, Swa, V</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>V</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>f</td><td>27</td><td>Eng, Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>/</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>f</td><td>30</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Sh</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>f</td><td>34</td><td>/</td><td>Eng (Swa, Sh)</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Swa</td><td>Eng Swa</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td><td>Eng</td></tr></tbody></table>

*=age not exactly known

Eng= English; Swa=Swahili

V=Vernacular language; Sh=Sheng
J) List of codes

<table><thead><tr><th>List of codes</th><th>Frequency</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Code system</td><td>1155</td></tr><tr><td>Literature</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>languages in Nairobi</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mixing languages</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;languages I speak</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;my life</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;my day</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>Nairobi 50 years</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>interlocutor</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;boss</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;praying</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;church activities</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dreaming</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thinking</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seller</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;government official</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doctor</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;children</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;own children</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;spouse</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;friends</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandparents</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;siblings</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;parents</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>acquisition</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;texting</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;performance</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wrong language</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>feelings</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jealous</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Swahili</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheng</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vernacular</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;English</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cool/hip</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;professional</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sad</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;joking</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;romantic</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;serious</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;angry</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;happy</td><td>20</td></tr></tbody></table>
Acknowledgment

This Master thesis is the end product of my Master’s studies. Thus, it is built upon several
seminars and papers that I wrote during my studies in Germany, the USA, and Kenya. It did
not only profit from the different places where I studied, but also from each and every with
whom I encountered and who enriched my studies and research in various ways.

Namely, on the financial side, I thank the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes and Deutscher
Akademischer Auslandsdienst as well as the research project SFB 1265 Re-Figuration of
Space—Biographies of Middle Classes at the Technical University of Berlin for cooperation
and the provision of a research permit.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude for advice and fruitful discussions to the Bayreuth
Academy of Advanced African Studies where the idea for this Master’s thesis was born,
especially to Dr. Florian Stoll, to the Institute of African Studies at Leipzig University,
especially my supervisor Prof. Dr. Rose Marie Beck, as well as Yale University and the Center
of Cultural Sociology.

Furthermore, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to everyone who supported me during
my time in the field in Nairobi. Particularly I cannot begin to express my gratitude to all my
interviewees in Kenya—without them, this work would not have been possible. Last but not
least I am extremely grateful to my family and friends.

I want to thank each and everyone who has been part of this journey, who supported me and
enabled me to write this Master’s thesis.