# Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Francisco Murilo Zerbini, Stuart G Siddell, Elliot J Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Evelien M Adriaenssens, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Donald M Dempsey, Bas E Dutilh, María Laura García, R. Curtis Hendrickson, et al.

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► To cite this version:

Francisco Murilo Zerbini, Stuart G Siddell, Elliot J Lefkowitz, Arcady R Mushegian, Evelien M Adriaenssens, et al. Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023). Archives of Virology, 2023, 168 (7), pp.175. 10.1007/s00705-023-05797-4. pasteur-04125829

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# Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Francisco Murilo Zerbini¹ ID • Stuart G. Siddell² ID • Elliot J. Lefkowitz³ ID • Arcady R. Mushegian⁴ ID •

Evelien M. Adriaenssens⁵ ID • Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini⁶ ID • Donald M. Dempsey³ ID • Bas E. Dutilh⁷,⁸ ID •

María Laura García⁹ ID • R. Curtis Hendrickson³ ID • Sandra Junglen¹⁰ ID • Mart Krupovic¹¹ ID • Jens H. Kuhn¹² ID •

Amy J. Lambert¹³ ID • Małgorzata Łobocka¹⁴ ID • Hanna M. Oksanen¹⁵ ID • David L. Robertson¹⁶ ID •

Luisa Rubino¹⁷ ID • Sead Sabanadzovic¹⁸ ID • Peter Simmonds¹⁹ ID • Donald B. Smith¹⁹ ID • Nobuhiro Suzuki²⁰ ID •

Koenraad Van Doorslaer²¹ ID • Anne-Mieke Vandamme²²,²³ ID • Arvind Varsani²⁴ ID

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023

## Abstract

This article reports changes to virus taxonomy and taxon nomenclature that were approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2023. The entire ICTV membership was invited to vote on 174 taxonomic proposals that had been approved by the ICTV Executive Committee in July 2022, as well as a proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revised ICTV Statutes were approved by a majority of the voting membership. Of note, the ICTV continued the process of renaming existing species in accordance with the recently mandated binomial format and included gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the classification framework by classifying them as viriforms. In total, one class, seven orders, 31 families, 214 genera, and 858 species were created.

## Introduction

Changes to virus taxonomy (the universal scheme of virus classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes (https://ictv.global/about/statutes), proposals are submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) and undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are placed on the ICTV website (https://ictv.global) for viewing by the full ICTV membership, which ratifies them by online voting [1].

The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website in February 2023 (see https://ictv.global/files/proposals/approved for all proposals combined into a single zip file, and use the links provided in the References to access individual proposals). A list of proposals was emailed on March 8, 2023, to the 185 members of

the ICTV – the EC Members, SC Members (including the SG chairs and co-chairs), ICTV Life Members, and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals. Voting closed on April 8, 2023.

## Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes

All proposals [1–174] were ratified by ICTV members (72% of eligible voters), in every case receiving a majority of "yes" votes (99-100%). A summary of the taxonomy changes enacted by the proposals is provided in Table 1. The new class, orders, and families ratified in 2023 are listed in Table 2. Each proposal is cited and listed in the References to acknowledge the authors' efforts and to provide links to the specific proposal on the ICTV website. These documents remain available for those who would like to see the details of the proposals.

Of note, a large number of proposals renamed existing species for compliance with the recently mandated binomial nomenclature format. As a result, 8,982 out of the current 11,273 species (80%) now have binomial names. The

Handling Editor: Tim Skern.

Extended author information available on the last page of the article
<table><caption>**Table 1** Summary of taxonomic changes approved by the ICTV in 2023</caption><thead><tr><th>Rank</th><th>MSL #37 Total<sup>a</sup></th><th>New</th><th>Abolished</th><th>Moved</th><th>Renamed</th><th>MSL #38 Total<sup>b</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Realm</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>6</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Subrealm</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>0</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Kingdom</td><td>10</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>10</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Subkingdom</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>0</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Phylum</td><td>17</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>17</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Subphylum</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>2</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Class</td><td>39</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>40</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Subclass</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>0</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Order</td><td>65</td><td>7</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>72</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Suborder</td><td>8</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>8</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Family</td><td>233</td><td>31</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td><strong>264</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Subfamily</td><td>168</td><td>14</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td><strong>182</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Genus</td><td>2,606</td><td>214</td><td>2</td><td>15</td><td>12</td><td><strong>2,818</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus</td><td>84</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td><strong>84</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Species</td><td>10,434</td><td>858</td><td>19</td><td>6</td><td>1,643</td><td><strong>11,273</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 2** New classes, orders, and families ratified by the ICTV in 2023</caption><thead><tr><th>Lineage</th><th>Taxon history page</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>New class</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Preplasmiviricota › Ainoaviricetes</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214454</td></tr><tr><td>New orders</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adnaviria › Zilligvirae › Taleaviricota › Tokiviricetes › Maximonvirales</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214278</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Juravirales</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214312</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Magrovirales</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214313</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Nakonvirales</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214277</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Preplasmiviricota › Ainoaviricetes › Lautomovirales</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214455</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Preplasmiviricota › Tectiliviricetes › Atroposvirales</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214301</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Preplasmiviricota › Tectiliviricetes › Coyopavirales</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214279</td></tr><tr><td>New families</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adnaviria › Zilligvirae › Taleaviricota › Tokiviricetes › Maximonvirales › Ahmunviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214283</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Aliceevansviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214336</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Arencbergviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214487</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Fervensviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214327</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote><sup>a</sup>Total number of taxa in the ICTV Master Species List prior to 2023 ratification</footnote>

<footnote><sup>b</sup>Total number of taxa now recognized, as reported in the ICTV Master Species List #38</footnote>
<table><caption>Table 2 (continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>Lineage</th><th>Taxon history page</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Fred-fastierviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214595</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Grimontviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214614</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Kleczkowskaviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214640</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Pootjesviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214761</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Pungoviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214328</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Speroviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214329</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Stanwilliamsviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214925</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Verdandiviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214302</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Juravirales › Yangangviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214315</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Juravirales › Yanlukaviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214314</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Magrovirales › Aoguangviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214316</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Nakonvirales › Ahpuchviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214280</td></tr><tr><td>Duplodnaviria › Heunggongvirae › Uroviricota › Caudoviricetes › Nakonvirales › Ekchuahviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214281</td></tr><tr><td>Monodnaviria › Shotokuvirae › Cressdnaviricota › Arfiviricetes › Mulpavirales › Amesuviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215103</td></tr><tr><td>Riboviria › Orthornavirae › Duplornaviricota › Chrymotiviricetes › Ghabrivirales › Alternnaviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214981</td></tr><tr><td>Riboviria › Orthornavirae › Negarnaviricota › Tosoviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214178</td></tr><tr><td>Riboviria › Orthornavirae › Pisuviricota › Pisoniviricetes › Picornavirales › Noraviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214001</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Nucleocytoviricota › Megaviricetes › Mamonoviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215059</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Nucleocytoviricota › Megaviricetes › Imitervirales › Allomimiviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215020</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Nucleocytoviricota › Megaviricetes › Imitervirales › Mesomimiviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215021</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Nucleocytoviricota › Megaviricetes › Imitervirales › Schizomimiviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215022</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Preplasmiviricota › Tectiliviricetes › Atroposvirales › Skuldviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214303</td></tr><tr><td>Varidnaviria › Bamfordvirae › Preplasmiviricota › Tectiliviricetes › Coyopavirales › Chaacviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214284</td></tr><tr><td>Itzamnaviridae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202214282</td></tr><tr><td>Bartogtaviriformidae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215064</td></tr><tr><td>Brachygtaviriformidae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215065</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodogtaviriformidae</td><td>https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202215063</td></tr></tbody></table>

process will be concluded in 2023, with the remaining 2,291 species being renamed.

Another notable taxonomic change approved in this ratification was the inclusion of gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the classification scheme as viriforms [153].
A change to the ICTV Statutes was also ratified in the vote and approved in May 2023 by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), which is the parent organization of the ICTV. The new ICTV Statutes can be found at https://ictv.global/about/statutes. The purpose of the approved change was to specify a three-year cycle for the ICTV Plenary Meeting. As stated in the new text of Article 5.1: "Plenary Meetings of the full ICTV membership shall be held every three years. In the years when it coincides with the International Congresses of Virology (ICV) organized by the IUMS, the Plenary Meeting shall be held in conjunction with the ICV. Otherwise, the Plenary Meeting shall be held online no later than one month after the Executive Committee annual meeting".

## Conclusion

All proposals submitted for ratification were ratified by a majority vote of the ICTV, and the additions and changes to virus classification are now part of the official ICTV taxonomy. New ICTV Statutes are now in force as well. An up-to-date list of all approved taxa, which now includes 11,273 virus species, can be found on the ICTV website: See https://ictv.global/msl for the Master Species List (MSL) and https://ictv.global/vmr for the Virus Metadata Resource (VMR), the latter of which provides an exemplar virus isolate for each species along with the GenBank accession number of the isolate.

**Acknowledgements** The authors thank Anya Crane (Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript.

**Author contributions** All authors have contributed to this work and agreed to its publication.

**Funding** F.M.Z. acknowledges financial support from Capes (Finance code 01), CNPq, and Fapemig. E.M.A. gratefully acknowledges funding by the U.K. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); this research was funded in part by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Gut Microbes and Health BB/R012490/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR10353 and BBS/E/F/000PR10356. B.E.D. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Consiliator grant 865694: DiversiPHI, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2051 - Project-ID 390713860, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the context of an Alexander von Humboldt-Professorship funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. A.R.M. is a Program Director at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); the statements and opinions expressed herein are made

in a personal capacity and do not constitute endorsement by NSF or the government of the United States. H.M.O. was supported by the University of Helsinki and Academy of Finland by funding for FIN-Struct and Instruct Centre FI, part of Biocenter Finland and Instruct – ERIC. D.L.R. is supported by the U.K. Medical Research Council (MC_UU_1201412). D.B.S. is supported by the Microbiology Society. S.S. acknowledges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-9-033 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project, under Accession Number 1021494. E.J.L, D.M.D. and R.C.H were supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U24AI162625. Except for Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis Hendrickson, and Donald B. Smith, the authors were members of the ICTV Executive Committee during the relevant period. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of Health and Human Services, or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of their affiliates, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.

**Data availability** All Taxonomy Proposals and all other ICTV resources mentioned in this article are freely available at the ICTV website (http://www.ictv.global).

## Declarations

**Conflict of interest** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

**Ethical approval** None of the work reported involved research on human participants or animals. All authors have contributed to this work and agreed to its publication.

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13. Penzes JJ, Canuti M, Söderlund-Venermo M, François S, Eis- Hübinger AM (2022) *Parvoviridae*: introduction of the binomial nomenclature, establishment of two new genera and the classi- fication eligibility of parvoviruses derived from ambiguous host origin https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.005D.Parvovirid ae_2ngen_49nsp_125rensp.zip

14. Duarte MA, Silva JMF, Brito CR, Teixeira DS, Melo FL, Ribeiro BM, Nagata T, Campos FS (2022) Create one new species in the genus *Chaphamaparvovirus*, and one new species in the genus *Dependoparvovirus*, in the family *Parvoviridae* https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.006D.Parvoviridae_2nsp.zip

15. Nakai M, Asgari S, Bideshi D, Bigot Y, Cheng X-W, Federici BA, Huang G-H (2022) Rename three species in the genus Asco- virus and one species in the genus Tourvirus (*Pimascovirales: Ascoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.007D.Ascov iridae_4rensp.zip

16. Varsani A, Kraberger S, Opriessnig T, Maggi F, Celer V, Oka- moto H, Biagini P (2022) Rename 146 species in the family *Anelloviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.008D.Anell oviridae_14rensp.zip

17. Varsani A, Harrach B, Roumagnac P, Benkő M, Breitbart M, Delwart E, Franzo G, Kazlauskas D, Rosario K, Segalés J, Krupovic M (2022) Establishing 48 new species and renaming 101 species in the family *Circoviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/ proposals/2022.009D.Circoviridae_rensp101_nsp48.zip

18. Postler TS, Di Serio F, Briese T, Groschup MH, Jonson G, Neriya Y, Palacios G, Sasaya T, Song J-W, Tomitaka Y, Kuhn JH (2021) Rename all species in the family to conform with ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Bunyavirales: Phenuiviri- dae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2021.002M.Phenuiviri dae_sprenamed.zip

19. Postler TS, Buchmeier MJ, Charrel RN, Clegg JCS, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, Gonzalez J-PJ, Günther S, Hepojoki J, Lukashevich IS, Radoshitzky SR, Romanowski V, Salvato MS, Sironi M, Stenglein MD, Kuhn JH (2021) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Bunyavirales: Arenaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2021.008M.Arenaviridae统name.zip

20. Postler TS, Biedenkopf N, Bukreyev A, Chandran K, Di Paola N, Formenty PBH, Griffiths A, Hume A, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Palacios G, Pawęska JT, Smither S, Takada A, Wahl V, Kuhn JH (2021) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Mononegavirales: Filoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2021.012M.Filoviridae_spren amed.zip

21. Postler TS, Bradfute SB, Calisher CH, Klingström J, Laenen L, Maes P, Kuhn JH (2021) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Bunya- virales: Hantaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2021. 013M.Hantaviridae_sprename.zip

22. Di Paola N, Dheilly NM, Kuhn JH, Junglen S, Paraskevopoulou S, Postler TS, Shi M (2021) Create ten new species and two new genera in the families *Aliusviridae* and *Chuviridae* (*Jingchuvi- rales*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2021.015M.Jingchuvir ales_2ngen_10nsp.zip

23. Postler TS, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Bergeron É, Burt F, Ergünay K, Garrison AR, Marklewitz M, Mirazimi A, Palacios G, Papa A, Pawęska JT, Spengler JR, Kuhn JH (2021) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Bunyavirales: Nairoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ ictv/proposals/2021.017M.Nairoviridae_sprenamed.zip

24. Postler TS, Balkema-Buschmann A, Drexler JF, Duprex PW, Plemper RK, Vanmechelen B, Kuhn JH, Maes P (2021) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Mononegavirales: Paramyxoviridae*) https:// ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2021.026M Paramyxoviridae_spren ame.zip

25. Postler TS, Hughes HR, Alkhovsky SV, Beer M, Blair CD, Cal- isher CH, Lambert AJ, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Kuhn JH (2021) Renaming all species of *Peribunyaviridae* to fit the newly ICTV-mandated binomial species name format https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2021.028M.Peribunyaviridae_sprename. zip

26. Postler TS, Ballinger MJ, Junglen SJ, Kuhn JH, Pauvolid-Corrêa A (2021) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Bunyavirales: Phasmaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2021.031M.Phasmaviridae_ sprename.zip

27. Postler TS, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, de Swart, RL, Drexler JF, Duprex PW, Easton AJ, Li J, Spann KM, Thornburg NJ, van den Hoogen B, Williams JV, Kuhn JH (2021) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Mononegavirales: Pneumoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/propo sals/2021.033M.Pneumoviridae_sprename.zip

28. Bejerman N, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Kondo H, Ramos-González P, Whitfield AE, Walker PJ, Freitas-Astúa J (2022) Create two new species in the genus *Alphanucleorhabdovirus*, and four new species in the genus *Betanucleorhabdovirus*, subfamily Betarhab- dovirinae (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*) https://ictv.global/
ictv/proposals/2022.001MAlpha_and_betanucleorhabdoviru ses_6nsp.zip

29. Walker PJ, Freitas-Astúa J, Bejerman N, Dietzgen RG, Fooks A, Kondo H, Kurath G, Ramos-González PL, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE (2022) Create one new genus (*Thriphavirus*) and 14 new species in the subfamily *Alpharhab- dovirinae* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ ictv/proposals/2022.002M.Alpharhabdovirinae_1ngen14nsp.zip

30. Chen Y-M, Sadiq S, Holmes EC, Zhang Y-Z (2022) Create one new genus including one new species in the family *Arenaviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.003M.Arenaviridae_1ngen_1nsp.zip

31. Postler TS, Kuhn JH (2022) Rename all species in the family to comply with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Birnaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.004M.Birnaviridae_spren amed.zip

32. Cao M, Zhang S, Tian X, Navarro B, Di Serio F (2022) Create two new species in genus *Coguvirus* (*Bunyavirales: Phenuiviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.005M.Coguvirus_2nsp.zip

33. Di Serio F, Xylogianni E, Navarro B (2022) Create two new species in the genus *Coguvirus*, family *Phenuiviridae*, order *Bunyavirales* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.006M.Coguvirus_2nsp2.zip

34. Bejerman N, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Kondo H, Ramos-González P, Whitfield AE, Walker PJ, Freitas-Astúa J (2022) Create ten new species in the genus *Cytorhabdovirus*, subfamily *Betarhabdovirinae* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ ictv/proposals/2022.007M.Cytorhabdovirus_10nsp.zip

35. Walker PJ, Tu C, Gong W (2022) Create two new species in the genus *Ephemerovirus* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*) https:// ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.008M.Ephemerovirus_2nsp.zip

36. Biedenkopf N, Bukreyev A, Chandran K, Di Paola N, Formenty PBH, Griffiths A, Hume A, Kuhn JH, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Palacios G, Pawęska JT, Smither S, Takada A, Wahl V (2022) Rename two genera (*Mononegavirales: Filoviridae*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.009M.Filoviridae_2genrenamed.zip

37. Kuhn JH, Koonin E, Wolf Y, Rodrigues TCS, Waltzek TB (2022) New free-floating negarnaviricot family, genus, and species https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.010M.Fraservirus_1nfam_1ngen_1nsp.zip

38. Hepojoki J (2022) Create two new species in the genus *Hartmanivirus* (*Arenaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022. 011M.Hartmanivirus_2nsp.zip

39. Paraskevopoulou S, Ye G, Li J-M (2022) Create 7 new genera, create 11 new species (*Mononegavirales: Lispiviridae*) https:// ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.012M.Lispiviridae_7ngen_ 1nsp.zip

40. Goüy de Bellocq J (2022) One new species in the genus *Mam- marenavirus* (*Arenaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2022.013M.Mamarenavirus_1nsp.zip

41. Jiang D, Ayllón MA, Marzano S-Y, Kondo H, Turina M (2022) Establishment of thirteen new species in genera *Auricularimovirus*, *Hubranovirus*, *Lentimonavirus*, *Penicilliumovirus*, *Plasmopamonavirus* and *Sclerotimonavirus* in family *Mymonaviridae* (*Mononegavirales*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2022.014M.Mymonaviridae_13nsp.zip

42. Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Bergeron É, Burt F, Ergünay K, Garrison AR, Kuhn JH, Marklewitz M, Mirazimi A, Papa A, Pawęska JT, Spengler JR, Palacios G (2022) Four new species in family *Nairoviridae* (*Bunyavirales*) https://ictv.global/ictv/propo sals/2022.015M.Nairoviridae_4nsp.zip

43. Dietzgen RG, Kuhn JH, Vasilakis N, Firth AE, Paraskevopoulou S (2022) Create one new species in genus *Formivirus* and one new species in genus *Orinovirus* (*Mononegavirales*:

*Nyamiviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.016M. Nyamiviridae_2nsp.zip

44. Zhao L, Liu R, Zhang G, Yuan Z, Xia H (2022) Create a new species in genus *Orthobunyavirus* (*Bunyavirales: Peribunyaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.017M.Orthobunyavirus_1nsp.zip

45. Hughes HR, Alkhovsky S, Beer M, Blair CD, Calisher CH, Drebot M, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Postler TS, Kuhn JH, Lambert AJ (2022) Create 29 new species and abolish 4 species in the genus *Orthobunyavirus* (*Peribunyaviridae*) https:// ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.018M.Orthobunyavirus_29nsp_ abolish4sp.zip

46. Ballinger MJ, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Junglen S (2022) Create two new species in the genus *Orthophasmavirus* and one new species in the genus *Feravirus* (*Phasmaviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/ proposals/2022.019M.Phasmaviridae_3nsp.zip

47. Briese T, Di Serio F, Groschup MH, Jonson GB, Neriya Y, Sasaya T, Song J-W, Tomitaka Y, Kuhn JH, Palacios G (2022) Two new genera, 10 new species, and 1 moved and renamed species in family *Phenuiviridae* (*Bunyavirales*) https://ictv.global/ ictv/proposals/2022.020M.Phenuiviridae_2ngen_10nsp_1rensp. zip

48. Bejerman N, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Kondo H, Ramos-González P, Whitfield AE, Walker PJ, Freitas-Astúa J (2022) Create nine new species in the genus *Varicosavirus*, subfamily *Betarhab- dovirinae* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ ictv/proposals/2022.021M.Varicosavirus_9nsp.zip

49. Walker PJ, Freitas-Astúa J, Bejerman N, Dietzgen RG, Kondo H, Kurath G, Ramos-González PL, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE (2022) Create two new species in the genus *Vesiculovirus* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.022M.Vesiculovirus_2nsp.zip

50. Rafael Laso-Pérez, Fabai Wu, Antoine Crémière, Daan R. Speth, John S. Magyar, Mart Krupovic, Victoria J. Orphan (2022) Create three new orders and 5 new families of viruses associated with methanotrophic archaea https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2022.001A.Nakonvirales Maximonvirales_Coyopavirales_3no. zip

51. Medvedeva S, Sun J, Yutin N, Koonin EV, (2022) Create one new order, *Atroposvirales*, and two new families, *Verdandiviridae*, and *Skuldviridae*, for classification of viruses of *Asgardarchaeota* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.002A.Verdandiviridae_nf_Atropospirales_no.zip

52. Zhou Y, Krupovic M, Wang Y (2022) Create two new orders, *Juravirales* and *Magrovirales*, including two and one new families of marine archaeal viruses, respectively https://ictv.global/ ictv/proposals/2022.003A.Caudoviricetes_2no_3nf.zip

53. Krupovic M, Geslin C, Schmitz RA, Bize A (2022) Create 3 new families for classification of viruses infecting methanogenic archaea https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.004A.Caudoviricetes_3nf.zip

54. Kropinski AM, Turner D, Tolstoy I, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Mahony J (2022) Create one new family (*Aliceevansviridae*) with one new genus (*Vansinderenvirus*) and two existing genera (*Moineauvirus* and *Brussowvirus*) (*Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.001B.Aliceevansviridae.zip

55. Laanto E, Mäntynen S, Sundberg L-R, Poranen MM, Oksanen HM (2022) Create a new class *Ainoaviricetes* and a new order *Lautamovirales* in the phylum *Preplasmiviricota* (Realm *Vartidaviria*, kingdom *Bamfordvirae*), for single-stranded DNA viruses encoding vertical double jelly roll major capsid proteins https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.002B.Ainoaviricetes_Finnlakeviridae_nc.zip

56. Turner D, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2022) To abolish the genus *Haartmanvirus*, and transfer its single species to the genus
Epseptimavirus (Caudoviricetes: Demerecviridae). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.003B.Abolish_Haartmanvirus.zip

57. Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create ten new species in the genus *Alexandravirus* (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.004B.Alexandravirus_10nsp.zip

58. Barylski J, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create two subfamilies (*Andregratiavirinae* and *Joanripponvirinae*) and seven new genera (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.005B.Andregratiavirinae_Joanripponvirinae_nsf.zip

59. Lood C, Lavigne R, Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Drulis-Kawa Z (2022) Create a new family (*Arenbergviridae*) and a new genus (*Wroclawvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.006B.Arenbergviridae_nf.zip

60. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Arvduovirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.007B.Arvduovirus ng.zip

61. Imklin N, Nasanit R (2022) Create one new species in the genus *Berlinvirus* (*Autographiviridae*) and one new species in the genus *Epseptimavirus* (*Demerecviridae*) (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.008B.Autographiviridae_2nsp.zip

62. McCutcheon JG, Lin A, Dennis JJ (2022) Create a new genus (*Axeltriavirus*) containing one species in the class *Caudoviricetes* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.009B.Axeltriavirus ng.zip

63. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new subfamily (*Azeevirinae*) with four genera (*Liebevirus*, *Yangvirus*, *Manhattanvirus* and *Galvestonvirus*) (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.010B.Azeevirinae_nsf.zip

64. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Baileyblu virus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.011B.Baileybluevirus ng.zip

65. Tong Y, Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new subfamily (*Beaumontvirinae*) containing three genera (*Bixiavirus*, *Salvavirus* and *Siaravirus*) (*Caudiviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.012B.Beaumontvirinae_nsf.zip

66. Dong Y, Liang Y, Wang M (2022) Create one new genus (*Bocovirus*) including one new species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.013B.Bocovirus ng.zip

67. Millard A, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Branisovskavirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.014B.Branisovskavirus ng.zip

68. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Cantarevirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.015B.Cantarevirus ng.zip

69. Hynes A, Turner D, Kropinski AM, Lang A (2022) Create a new genus (*Capnelvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.016B.Capnelvirus ng.zip

70. Britton AP, Visser KA, Zhang P, Wassink H, Doerksen TA, Ongenaе V, Manocha C, Lynch KH, van Belkum MJ, Dennis JJ, Yang X, Claessen D, Briegel A, Martin-Visscher LA (2022) Create a new genus (*Carnodivirus*) containing two new species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.017B.Carnodivirus ng.zip

71. Sousa JC, Sillankorva S, Faustino A, Carvalho CM (2022) Create a new genus in the *Caudoviricetes* class containing Klebsiella phage vB_KpnS-Carvaje https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.018B.Carvajevirus ng.zip

72. Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Add sixteen (16) species to the genus *Casadabanvirus* (*Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.019B.Casadabanvirus_16nsp.zip

73. Imklin N, Sriprasong P, Nasanit R (2022) Create one new species in the genus *Teetrevirus* (*Autographiviridae*) and one new species in the genus *Felixounavirus* (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.020B.Caudoviricetes_2nsp.zip

74. Grami E, Saidi N (2022) Create one new genus (*Certevirus*) including one new species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.021B.Certevirus ng.zip

75. Li J-Q (2022) Create a new genus (*Chaoshanvirus*) including a new species (*Chaoshanvirus ZPAH34*) (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.022B.Chaoshanvirus ng.zip

76. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Chidieberevirus*) with two new species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.023B.Chidieberevirus ng.zip

77. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Clawzvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.024B.Clawzvirus ng.zip

78. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Cobrasixvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.025B.Cobrasixvirus ng.zip

79. Łobocka M, Stefańczyk E, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Turner D (2022) Create one new species in the genus *Copernicusvirus*, subfamily *Sarlesvirinae* (*Caudoviricetes*: *Rountreeviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.026B.Copernicusvirus Insp.zip

80. Turner D, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Craquatrovirus*) with two species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.027B.Craquatrovirus ng.zip

81. Turner D, Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new subfamily of *Gordonia* phages (*Deeyouvirinae*) with two genera (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.028B.Deeyouvirinae nsf.zip

82. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Eowynvirus*) with species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.029B.Eowynvirus ng.zip

83. Adriaenssens EM, Turner D (2022) Error correction (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.030B.ErrorCorrection.zip

84. Millard A, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Ferozepurvirus*) with two species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.031B.Ferozepurvirus ng.zip

85. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create five new genera of *Gordonia* siphophages (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.032B.Caudoviricetes_5ng.zip

86. Turner D, Guarneros G, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new family (*Fredfastierviridae*) with a single genus (*Jamesmcgillvirus*) (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.033B.Fredfastierviridae nf.zip

87. Moraru C, Tong Y, Mahadevan P, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Turner D (2022) Create a new subfamily (*Gordonclarkvirinae*) with three genera (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.034B.Gordonclarkvirinae nsf.zip

88. Moraru C, Tong Y, Tian F, Mahadevan P, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Turner D (2022) Create a new family (*Grimontviridae*) with five genera (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.035B.Grimontviridae nf.zip

89. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Hiroshimavirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.036B.Hiroshimavirus ng.zip

90. Li J-Q (2022) Create a new genus (*Hzauvirus*) in the family *Guelinviridae* including a new species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.037B.Hzauvirus ng.zip
91. Turner D, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Iggyvirus*) with a two species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/ proposals/2022.038B.Iggyvirusng.zip

92. Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new subfamily (*Iiscvirinae*), with one existing genus (*Jilinvirus*) and one new genus (*Aryavirus*) (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.039B.Iiscvirinae_nsf.zip

93. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Ittyvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.040B.Ittyvirusng.zip

94. Ongenae V, Rozen DE, Briegel A, Claessen D, Kropinski AM. (2022) Create one new species in the genus *Janusvirus* (*Caudoviricetes: Arquatrovirinae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2022.041B.Janusvirus1nsp.zip

95. Millard A, Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new family (*Kleczkowskaviridae*) with a single genus (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2022.042B.Kleczkowskaviridae_nf.zip

96. Millard A, Puxty R, Nicholas M. (2022) Creation of seven new genera within the family *Kyanoviridae* (*Caudoviricetes*) https:// ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.043B.Kyanoviridae_7ng.zip

97. Millard A, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Ludhianavirus*) with three species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.044B.Ludhianavirusng. zip

98. Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Maaswegvirus*) with a single species (*Caudovirice- tes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.045B.Maaswegvirus_ ng.zip

99. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create two new genera of *Burkholderia* phages (*Magiavirus* and *Bigmanorsvirus*) (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.046B. Caudoviricetes_2ng.zip

100. Wang Z, Liang Y, Wang M (2022) Create one new genus (*Mare- flavirus*) including one new species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.047B.Mareflavirusng.zip

101. Millard A, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Meadowvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.048B.Meadowvirusng.zip

102. Vázquez-Campos X, Damnjanović D (2022) Create one new species in the genus *Menderavirus* (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.049B.Menderavirus1nsp.zip

103. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Miamivirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.050B.Miamivirusng.zip

104. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Midgardsormrvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.051B.Midgardsormrvir usng.zip

105. Seed K, Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Mohonavirus*) with a single species (*Cau- doviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.052B.Mohon avirusng.zip

106. Kurtböke I,Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Molzymurvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviri- cetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.053B.Molzymurvir rusng.zip

107. Kurtböke I,Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create ten new species in the genus *Mudcatvirus* and rename two species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.054B. Mudcatvirus_10nsp.zip

108. Li J-Q (2022) Create a new genus (*Nanhuvirus*) in the family *Straboviridae* including a new species *Nanhuvirus* LPCS28 (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.055B. Nanhuvirusng.zip

109. Millard A, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Nimduovirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.056B.Nimduovirusng.zip

110. Kurtböke I,Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Northamptonvirus*) with two new species (*Cau- doviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.057B.North amptonvirusng.zip

111. Hammerl J-A,Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create three new genera of *Ochrobactrum* phages each with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022. 058B.Caudoviricetes_3ng.zip

112. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Paclarkvirus*) with twelve species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.060B.Packlarkvirusng.zip

113. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Pavtokvirus*) with two species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.061B.Pavtokvirusng.zip

114. Lueder MR, Van Zyl LJ, Adriaenssens EM (2022) Create 6 new genera and 19 new species to the family *Peduoviridae* (*Cau- doviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.062B.Peduo viridae_6ng_19nsp.zip

115. Mahony J, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Piorkowskivirus*) with seven species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.063B.Piorkowskivirusng. zip

116. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Ponsvirus*) with seven species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.064B.Ponsvirusng.zip

117. Mazur A, Millard A, Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Gonzalez V (2022) Create a new family (*Pootjes- viridae*) with one subfamily and five genera (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.065B.Pootjesviridae_nf. zip

118. Millard A, Łobocka M,Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropin- ski AM (2022) Create five new genera of *Pseudomonas* jumbo phages (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022. 066B.Caudoviricetes_6ng.zip

119. Vidigal PMP, Hungaro HM, Gontijo MTP, Lopez MES (2022) Create a new genus (*Purivirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviri- cetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.067B.Purivirusng. zip

120. Łobocka M, Stefańczyk E, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Turner D (2022) Create one new species in the genus *Rosenblum- virus* and two new species in the genus *Anthravirus* of *Rakieten- virinae* subfamily (*Caudoviricetes*: Rountreeviridae) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.068B.Rakietenvirinae_3nsp.zip

121. Kurtböke I,Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new, single species, genus (*Quivirus*) (*Cau- doviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.069B.Quivi rusng.zip

122. Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Rivsivirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.070B.Rivsivirusng.zip

123. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Roslyckyvirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https:// ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.071B.Roslyckyvirusng.zip

124. Turner D, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (*Scappvi- rus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ ictv/proposals/2022.072B.Scappvirusng.zip

125. Wittmann J, Adriaenssens EM, Turner D, (2022) Create one new subfamily, nine new genera and 30 new species in the family *Schitoviridae* (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2022.073B.Schitoviridae_1nsf_9ng_30nsp.zip

126. Li J-Q (2022) Create a new species (*Segzyvirus LPSTLL*), and assign it to the genus *Segzyvirus* (*Caudoviricetes*) https://ictv. global/ictv/proposals/2022.074B.Segzyvirus_1nsp.zip
127. Barylski J, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new subfamily (Sejongvirinae) and two new genera (Basiliskvirus and Yihwangvirus) (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.075B.Sejongvirinae_nsf.zip

128. Li J-Q (2022) Create a new genus Shantouvirus in the family Chaseviridae including a new species Shantouvirus ZPAH14 (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.076B.Shantouvirus Ng.zip

129. Rong C-H, Yang Y-L, Zhang Y (2022) Create one new genus (Shenzhenvirus) including one new species (Caudoviricetes: Kyanoviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.077B. Kyanoviridae_1ng.zip

130. Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (Siatvirus) with a single species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.078B.Siatvirus ng.zip

131. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (Silentrexvirus) with a single species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.079B.Silentrexvirus ng.zip

132. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create six new genera for Arthrobacter phages (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.080B.Caudoviricetes_6ng.zip

133. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create six new genera of Streptomyces phages (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.081B.Caudoviricetes_6ng_strepmyces.zip

134. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (Skulduggeryvirus) with a single species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.082B.Skulduggeryvirus ng.zip

135. Tolstoy I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (Snuvirus) with a single species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.083B.Snuvirus ng.zip

136. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM (2022) Create six new genera and 33 new species of Gordonia siphoviruses (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.084B.Caudoviricetes_6ng_33nsp.zip

137. Kurtböke I, Moraru C, Adriaenssens EM, Kropinski AM, Turner D (2022) Create a new family (Stanwilliamsviridae) with two subfamilies (Boydwoodruffvirinae & Loccivirinae) and nine (9) genera (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.085B.Stanwilliamsviridae nf_2nsf_4ng_6nsp.zip

138. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (Stonewallvirus) with a single species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.086B.Stonewallvirus ng.zip

139. Millard A, Puxty R (2022) Creation of new genera and species in the family Straboviridae (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.087B.Straboviridae_update.zip

140. Zheng H, Liu B, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Man H, Liu J, Chen F. (2022) Create one new genus (Syrbvirus) including one new species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.088B.Syrbvirus ng.zip

141. Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create three new single species genera (Seahorsevirus, Enfavirus, Tieomvirus) of Vibrio phages (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.089B.Caudoviricetes_3ng_vibrio.zip

142. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create three new genera (Kumottavirus, Sargevirus, Shoyavirus) for Arthrobacter siphoviruses (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.090B.Caudoviricetes_3ng_arthrobacter.zip

143. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create three new genera of actinophages (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.091B.Caudoviricetes_3ng_actinophages.zip

144. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create three new genera of lytic Gordonia phages (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.092B.Caudoviricetes_3ng_gordonia.zip

145. Kurtböke I, Turner D, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (Wolypogirus) with a single species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.093B.Wolypogvirus ng.zip

146. Turner D, Kropinski AM (2022) Create a new genus (Yanchengvirus) with a single species (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.094B.Yanchengvirus ng.zip

147. Jing Wang, Zekun Liu, Shixuan Huang (2022) Create one new genus (Youngvirus) including one new species in the Autographiviridae (Caudoviricetes) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.095B.Youngvirus ng.zip

148. Tian F, Li J, Tong Y (2022) Create a new genus (Zhangqianvirus) in the class Caudoviricetes https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.096B.Zhangqianvirus ng.zip

149. Kotta-Loizou I, Wu CF, Moriyama H, Coutts RHA (2022) Create a new family (Alternaviridae) accommodating one new genus (Alternavirus) and five new species https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.001F.Alternaviridae_newfam.zip

150. Varsani A, Krupovic M (2022) Establishment of 4 new genera, 13 new species and renaming 9 species in the family Bacilladnaviridae https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.002F.Bacilladnaviridae_reorg.zip

151. Ayllón MA, Turina M, Jiang D, Xie J, Marzano SY, Donaire L, Nerva L, Sabanadzovic S (2022) Create 15 new species in the family Botourmiaviridae https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.003F.Botourmiaviridae_15nsp.zip

152. Aylward FO, Abrahão J, Brussaard C, Fischer MG, Moniruzzaman M, Ogata H, Suttle CA (2022) Create 3 new families, 3 subfamilies, 13 genera, and 20 new species within the order Imiterivales (phylum Nucleocytoviricota) and rename two existing species. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.004F.Imiterivales_reorg.zip

153. Zhang R, Takemura M, Murata K, Ogata H (2022) Create a new family (Mamonoviridae), a genus (Medusavirus), and two species (Medusavirus medusae and Medusavirus sthenus) in the phylum Nucleocytoviricota https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.005F.Mamonoviridae_newfam.zip

154. Kogay R, Koppenhöfer S, Beatty JT, Kuhn JH, Lang AS, Zhaxybayeva O (2022) Classification of gene transfer agents (GTAs) as viriforms https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.001G.GTA_viriforms.zip

155. Candresse T, Blouin A, Cao M, Cho WK, Constable F, Mollov D, Nagata T, Sabanadzovic S, Saldarelli P, Tzanetakis I, Villamor DE (2022) Create 12 new species (Tymovirales: Betaflexiviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.001P.Betaflexiviridae_12ns.zip

156. Tang J, Delmiglio, C, Ward, L, Thompson J (2022) Create one new species (Waikavirus rosae) in the genus Waikavirus (Picornavirales: Secoviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.003P.Secoviridae_1ns.zip

157. Fuchs M, Hily J-M, Petrzik K, Sanfaçon H, Thompson J, van der Vlugt R, Wetzel T (2022) Create eight new species (Picornavirales: Secoviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.004P.Secoviridae_8ns.zip

158. Fuchs M, Hily J-M, Petrzik K, Sanfaçon H, Postler T, Thompson J, van der Vlugt R, Wetzel T (2022) Rename all existing species to comply with the newly ICTV-mandated binomial species format (Picornavirales: Secoviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.005P.Secoviridae_rename.zip

159. Sabanadzovic S, Nibert ML, Tzanetakis IE, Valverde R (2022) Rename species in the family Amalgaviridae to comply with ICTV-mandated binomial format (Durnavirales: Amalgaviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.006P.Amalgaviridae_rename.zip
160. Teycheney P-Y, Umber M (2022) Create four new species in the family *Caulimoviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.007P.Caulimoviridae_4ns.zip

161. Teycheney P-Y, Geering ADW, Dasgupta I, Hull R, Kreuze JF, Lockhart B, Muller E, Pappu H, Pooggin MM, Richert-Pöggeler KR, Schoelz JE, Seal S, Stavolone L, Umber M (2022) Rename all species in family *Caulimoviridae* to comply with binomial species format https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.008P.Caulimoviridae_rename.zip

162. Silva JPH, Silva JCF, Bejerman N, Zerbini, FM (2022) Create a new family, *Amesuviridae*, in the order *Mulpavirales*, including two genera, *Temfrudevirus* and *Yermavirus*, each with one species https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.009P.Amesuviridae_nf.zip

163. Inoue-Nagata AK, Wylie SJ, Jordan R, Kreuze JF, Li F, Lopez-Moya JJ, Makinen K, Ohshima K (2022) Create six new species in the genus *Potyvirus* and one in the genus *Macluravirus* (*Patatavirales: Potyviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.010P.Potyviridae_7ns.zip

164. Adkins S, Turina M, Whitfield A, Resende R, Naidu R, Hughes H, Kuhn J, Postler T, Rubino L (2022) Rename all existing species to comply with the binomial species format (*Bunyavirales: Tospoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.011P.Tospoviridae_rename.zip

165. Hammond, RW, Abrahamian P, Haenni A-L, Mollov D, Nagata T, Sabanadzovic S (2022) Create two new species in the genus *Tymovirus* and one new species in the genus *Marafivirus* (*Tymovirales: Tymoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.012P.Tymoviridae_3nsp.zip

166. Sabanadzovic S, Hammond RW, Mollov D, Nagata T, Haenni A-L, Abrahamian P, Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic N, Rubino L (2022) Rename 40 species in the family *Tymoviridae* to comply with binomial format (*Tymovirales: Tymoviridae*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.013P.Tymoviridae_rename.zip

167. Scheets K, Miller WA (2022) Assign the genus *Luteovirus* to the subfamily *Regressovirinae* in the family *Tombusviridae* (*Tolivirales*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.014P.Luteovirus_move.zip

168. Scheets K, Hernandez C, Jordan R, Miller WA, Rubino L, White KA (2022) Rename all existing species assigned to genera in the family *Tombusviridae* (*Tolivirales*) to comply with the binomial

species format https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.015P.Tombusviridae_rename.zip

169. Ramos-González PL, Freitas-Astúa J, Li J-M, Peters J, Rodrigues JC, Roy A, Melzer M (2022) Create three new species in the genus *Cilevirus*, family *Kitaviridae* (*Martellivirales*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.016P.Cilevirus_3ns.zip

170. Ramos-González PL, Freitas-Astúa J, Li J-M, Peters J, Rodrigues JC, Roy A, Melzer M (2022) Rename existing species in the family *Kitaviridae* (*Martellivirales*) to comply with binomial format https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.017P.Kitaviridae_rename.zip

171. Sidharthan VK, Chaturvedi KK, Baranwal VK (2022) Create one new species (*Emaravirus visci*) in the genus *Emaravirus*, family *Fimoviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.018P.Emaravirus_1ns.zip

172. Gaskin TR, Tischendorf M, Günther I, Rehanek M, Büttner C, von Bargen S (2022) Create *Emaravirus fraxini* as a new species in the genus *Emaravirus*, family *Fimoviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.019P.Emaravirus_1ns.zip

173. Nabeshima T, Abe J (2022) Create *Emaravirus vitis* as a new species in the genus *Emaravirus*, family *Fimoviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.020P.Emaravirus_1ns.zip

174. Shimomoto Y, Okada T, Ikeda K, Tatara A, Hasegawa Y, Yanagisawa H, Takeyama S, Hayashi K, Yano K, Morita Y, Kubota K (2022) Create *Emaravirus illicii* as a new species in the genus *Emaravirus*, family *Fimoviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.021P.Emaravirus_1ns.zip

175. Rabbidge LO, Blouin AG, Chooi KM, Higgins CM, MacDiarmid RM (2022) Create *Emaravirus corynocarpi* as a new species in the genus *Emaravirus*, family *Fimoviridae* https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2022.022P.Emaravirus_1ns.zip

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## Authors and Affiliations

Francisco Murilo Zerbini¹ Ⓓ · Stuart G. Siddell² Ⓓ · Elliot J. Lefkowitz³ Ⓓ · Arcady R. Mushegian⁴ Ⓓ ·

Evelien M. Adriaenssens⁵ Ⓓ · Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini⁶ Ⓓ · Donald M. Dempsey³ Ⓓ · Bas E. Dutilh⁷,⁸ Ⓓ ·

María Laura García⁹ Ⓓ · R. Curtis Hendrickson³ Ⓓ · Sandra Junglen¹⁰ Ⓓ · Mart Krupovic¹¹ Ⓓ · Jens H. Kuhn¹² Ⓓ ·

Amy J. Lambert¹³ Ⓓ · Małgorzata Łobocka¹⁴ Ⓓ · Hanna M. Oksanen¹⁵ Ⓓ · David L. Robertson¹⁶ Ⓓ ·

Luisa Rubino¹⁷ Ⓓ · Sead Sabanadzovic¹⁸ Ⓓ · Peter Simmonds¹⁹ Ⓓ · Donald B. Smith¹⁹ Ⓓ · Nobuhiro Suzuki²⁰ Ⓓ ·

Koenraad Van Doorslaer²¹ Ⓓ · Anne-Mieke Vandamme²²,²³ Ⓓ · Arvind Varsani²⁴ Ⓓ

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

Francisco Murilo Zerbini
zerbini@ufv.br

Stuart G. Siddell
stuart.siddell@bristol.ac.uk

Elliot J. Lefkowitz
elliotl@uab.edu

Arcady R. Mushegian
mushegian2@gmail.com

Evelien M. Adriaenssens
evelien.adriaenssens@quadram.ac.uk

Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini
palfenas@ufv.br

Donald M. Dempsey
ddempsey@uab.edu

Bas E. Dutilh
bedutilh@gmail.com

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>
María Laura García
garcia_m@biol.unlp.edu.ar

R. Curtis Hendrickson
curtish@uab.edu

Sandra Junglen
sandra.junglen@charite.de

Mart Krupovic
mart.krupovic@pasteur.fr

Jens H. Kuhn
kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov

Amy J. Lambert
ahk7@cdc.gov

Małgorzata Łobocka
lobocka@ibb.waw.pl

Hanna M. Oksanen
hanna.oksanen@helsinki.fi

David L. Robertson
david.l.robertson@glasgow.ac.uk

Luisa Rubino
luisa.rubino@cnr.it

Sead Sabanadzovic
ssabanadzovic@entomology.msstate.edu

Peter Simmonds
peter.simmonds@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Donald B. Smith
donald.smith.ictv@gmail.com

Nobuhiro Suzuki
nsuzuki@okayama-u.ac.jp

Koenraad Van Doorslaer
vandoorslaer@arizona.edu

Anne-Mieke Vandamme
annemie.vandamme@kuleuven.be

Arvind Varsani
arvind.varsani@asu.edu

¹ Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil

² School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK

³ Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BBRB 276, 845 19th St South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA

⁴ Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA

⁵ Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK

⁶ Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil

⁷ Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany

⁸ Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

⁹ Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, calles 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

¹⁰ Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

¹¹ Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeel Virology Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France

¹² Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA

¹³ Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA

¹⁴ Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland

¹⁵ Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

¹⁶ MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK

¹⁷ Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy

¹⁸ Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Hwy 12 Mail Stop 9775, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA

¹⁹ Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK

²⁰ Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan

²¹ Department of Immunobiology, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

²² Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

²³ Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal

²⁴ The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4701, USA