Give one correct answer for each question.

1. Regarding the rare condition of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), the following are correct, except for:

A. It mimics breast carcinoma.

B. It has characteristic ultrasound features.

C. Diagnosis is made by core biopsy and histology.

D. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice in all cases.

2. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. Ruptured ovarian artery aneurysms are extremely common.

B. They occur during the peripartum or early postpartum periods.

C. The most common symptom of rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm is vaginal bleeding.

D. Ultrasound is an excellent imaging technique for rapid and safe evaluation, and may be the examination of choice for such patients.

3. Regarding Kosenow syndrome, which one of the following statements is false?

A. The main components of the syndrome are varying degrees of bilateral iliac and scapular hypoplasia.

B. It is an autosomal dominant condition.

C. The acromion and coracoid process of the scapula are usually preserved despite severe hypoplasia of the body.

D. A unique feature is the well-formed femoral heads and ambulation with a fully functional though abnormal gait.

4. Identify the one false statement below.

A. Renal biopsy plays a pivotal role in determining the diagnosis in patients with impaired renal function and with other renal diseases.

B. The pathology and pathogenesis of glomerular disease have become far better understood since the introduction of ultrasound (US)-guided renal biopsies.

C. Horseshoe kidney is not considered a major contra-indication.

D. Biopsies are specifically necessary in cases of:

* unexplained renal failure

* nephrotic syndrome

* unexplained failure of a transplanted kidney

* progressively worsening renal function.

5. Which one of the following statements is false?

Relative contraindications for renal biopsy include:

A. Bleeding diathesis

B. Solitary kidney

C. Severe hypertension conclusively documented

D. End-stage or near end-stage renal disease with bilaterally small kidneys.

6. Identify the one incorrect statement among the following choices.

A. In total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), the pulmonary veins make an abnormal connection to the right atrium, with coronary sinus or systemic veins resulting physiologically in an extracardiac right-to-left shunt. This anomaly is accompanied by an intracardiac left-to-right shunt through a patent foramen ovale or an atrial septal defect.

B. TAPVR is a rare congenital cardiac defect that may present with cyanosis, cardiac failure and failure to thrive in infancy.

C. TAPVR type 1 has a typical radiographic appearance of the heart termed the snowman.

D. Children with chronic diseases are at greater risk of non-accidental injury.

7. Regarding Camurati-Engelmann disease, all the following are correct, except for:

A. Camurati-Engelmann disease, or progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, is a rare sclerosing dysplasia.

B. Radiologically, the hallmark of the disorder is bilateral, symmetrical cortical thickening of the metaphyses of the long bones.

C. The disease affects one in a million people and is autosomal dominant with variable penetrance.

D. The onset of the disease is usually during childhood. Patients usually present by puberty and definitely before age 30.

8. Identify the one false statement among the following.

In Gorlin syndrome, various low-frequency neoplasms have been recorded. These include:

A. Meningioma

B. Ovarian fibroma

C. Cardiac fibroma

D. GIST tumour.

9. Regarding Gorlin syndrome, identify a single false statement from those below.

A. Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) was first reported in 1894.

B. It was described by Gorlin and Goltz in 1960 as a distinct entity consisting of ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities.

C. It is an hereditary autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence estimated in various studies to be between 1/57 000 and 1/256 000, and a male: female ratio of 1:3.

D. It is a condition characterised by multiple odontogenic keratocysts, basal cell carcinoma, congenital skeletal abnormalities, cleft lip and/or palate, and eye anomalies.

10. You are presently reading the *South African Journal of Radiology* that includes the following except for:

A. A new front cover design.

B. A new layout style.

C. At least 4 extra pages sponsored by Philips SA.

D. A confound MRI of Shakira that was inadvertently omitted by the printers.

CPD Instructions:

1. CPD questionnaires must be completed online by going directly (not via Google) to www.cpdjournals.org.za, and registering. You will then receive an email notifying you of your username and password for subsequent logging on.

2. Read the articles in the journal to find the answers to the questions.

3. After completing the questionnaire, you can check the answers and print your own CPD certificate. Questions may be answered up to 6 months after publication of the journal issue concerned.

4. Please contact Gertrude Fani on 021 681 7200 or gertrude@hmpg.co.za in the event of queries.

Accreditation number: MDB 001/010/01/2011