# Changes to virus taxonomy, the international code of virus classification and nomenclature, and the ICTV statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2025)

Peter Simmonds, Evelien M Adriaenssens, Elliot J Lefkowitz, Hanna M Oksanen, Francisco Murilo Zerbini, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Frank O Aylward, Donald M Dempsey, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, R. Curtis Hendrickson, et al.

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Peter Simmonds, Evelien M Adriaenssens, Elliot J Lefkowitz, Hanna M Oksanen, Francisco Murilo Zerbini, et al.. Changes to virus taxonomy, the international code of virus classification and nomenclature, and the ICTV statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2025). Archives of Virology, 2026, 171 (1), pp.23. 10.1007/s00705-025-06485-1 . pasteur-05424743

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# Changes to virus taxonomy, the international code of virus classification and nomenclature, and the ICTV statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2025)

Peter Simmonds¹ ID · Evelien M. Adriaenssens² ID · Elliot J. Lefkowitz³ ID · Hanna M. Oksanen⁴ ID ·

Francisco Murilo Zerbini⁵ ID · Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini⁶ ID · Frank O. Aylward⁷ ID · Donald M. Dempsey³ ID ·

Juliana Freitas-Astúa⁸ ID · R. Curtis Hendrickson³ ID · Holly R. Hughes⁹ ID · Mart Krupovic¹⁰ ID · Jens H. Kuhn¹¹ ID ·

Małgorzata Łobocka¹² ID · Richard Mayne¹³ ID · Arcady R. Mushegian¹⁴ ID · Judit J. Penzes¹⁵ ID ·

Alejandro Reyes Muñoz¹⁶ ID · David L. Robertson¹⁷ ID · Simon Roux¹⁸ ID · Luisa Rubino¹⁹ ID · Sead Sabanadzovic²⁰,²¹ ID ·

Donald B. Smith¹³ ID · Nobuhiro Suzuki²² ID · Dann Turner²³ ID · Koenraad Van Doorslaer²⁴ ID · Arvind Varsani²⁵ ID

© The Author(s) 2025

## Abstract

The 56th meeting of the Executive Committee (EC) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) was held in Bari, Italy, in July/August, 2024, and 115 submitted taxonomy proposals were reviewed. A total of 112 were subsequently ratified by the ICTV membership. An additional 9 error correction proposals were also approved in August 2025. This article lists the taxonomy proposals that have now been incorporated into release 40 version v2 of the Master Species List (https://ictv.global/msl), the Virus Metadata Resource (https://ictv.global/vmr), and associated ICTV databases. In addition to the assignments of 1,563 new virus species, 243 genera, 55 families, 11 orders, and 8 classes, there were substantial additions to higher taxonomic ranks. These include the creation of a new realm (*Singelaviria*), which is based on the recognition of a separate evolutionary origin for the hallmark capsid genes of members of the kingdom *Helvetiavirae*. These express capsid proteins forming a single jelly-roll fold that is structurally and evolutionarily distinct from those of members of the family *Bamfordvirae*, assigned to the realm *Varidnaviria*. Furthermore, the realm *Varidnaviria* underwent a major reorganization, including the addition of a new kingdom, *Abadenavirae*. Another notable change was the classification of the vertebrate-infecting single-stranded DNA anellovirids into a new phylum *Commensaviricota* (kingdom *Shotokuvirae*, realm *Monodnaviria*). Archaeal viruses infecting the hyperthermophilic *Archaeoglobi* were assigned to a new phylum *Calorviricota*, in the kingdom *Trapavirae* (realm *Monodnaviria*), whereas RNA viruses infecting hyperthermophilic bacteria were classified into a new phylum *Artimaviricota* (realm *Riboviria*). In recognition of his extensive and valuable contributions to virus taxonomic developments in Study Groups and over the period of his EC membership, Stuart Siddell was honoured as a new life member of the ICTV. The ICTV has created a new strategy for disseminating information on taxonomy advances through annual open-access publication of citeable taxonomy proposal summaries from each ICTV Subcommittee. A collective total of 354 co-authors of the seven summaries were drawn from members of each Subcommittee, the EC, and a very large number of contributors from the wider virology community.

**Keywords** Taxonomy proposal · Ratification vote · Realm · Phylum
# Introduction

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) follows an annual cycle of taxonomy updating, in which changes and additions to virus taxonomy proposed by the virology community are considered and implemented through the concerted effort of ICTV Study Groups, Subcommittees, and the Executive Committee. The ICTV classification of viruses provides a framework for the taxonomic placement of viruses at ranks from species to realm and furthermore regulates their taxon names and typography. The ICTV Statutes (https://ictv.global/about/statutes) describe the process through which taxonomic proposals are submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) and undergo review with input from ICTV Study Groups and Subcommittees, other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are placed on the ICTV website (https://ictv.global) for evaluation by the full ICTV membership and ratification by online voting.

# Proposal discussion and ratification

The annual EC meeting of the ICTV was held in Bari, Italy, from July 31 to August 2, 2024. The EC reviewed a total of 112 taxonomy proposals from six of the seven Subcommittees and three general proposals (no proposals were received from the Animal ssRNA+ Subcommittee). Proposals were submitted by a total of 354 co-authors representing a substantial engagement in taxonomy by the wider virology community outside of the ICTV.

For assessment, 50 proposals had been “streamlined” through review by at least two EC members, including the SC Chair, prior to the meeting, and the remaining 65 proposals were discussed and voted upon by the EC. At the meeting, three proposals were rejected, and 13 proposals were accepted conditional on substantial revision and a second vote by the EC in November, 2024. Along with updated proposals subject to minor revision, 112 taxonomy proposals were placed on the ICTV website (https://ictv.global) for viewing by the full ICTV membership and the general public.

All proposals were voted on by the 169 members of the ICTV from January 27 to February 28, 2025. Voting was performed using an Excel-based form rather than online survey with the aim of providing more information about the proposal, greater flexibility in responses (including “Abstain”) and to discourage “Vote-for-All” responses often encountered in previous ratification votes. The voting form was accompanied by a summary of the taxonomy proposal in a single document (providing the title, authors, abstract, and tabulated taxonomy changes for each proposal) to facilitate review of the proposals when voting. A

total of 106 out of 169 ICTV members (63%) voted on the proposals. Excluding seven erroneous votes against proposal 2024.001M.Alpharhabdovirinae_1ng_11nsp caused by a technical error on the form, proposals received a mean of 94.5 (range: 87–103) votes for acceptance, 11.5 (range: 3–19) abstentions, and 0.02 (only two votes) against. There was therefore an 89% vote for approval (range: 82–97%) or 100% (range: 99–100%) when abstentions were excluded. Following the vote of the membership, minor technical errors were identified in nine of the approved proposals. Using policies established by the EC, these errors were corrected, and the corrected proposals were approved and incorporated into Master Species List (MSL) 40 as version v2.

A summary of the taxonomy changes enacted by the proposals is provided in Table 1. Each proposal is cited and listed in the References [1–112] to acknowledge the authors’ efforts and to provide links to the specific proposal on the ICTV website. These documents and those from previous years are permanently available to provide full access to the text and listing of taxonomy changes made in each proposal (https://ictv.global/files/proposals/approved). All ratified proposals are furthermore published in a series of citeable summaries co-authored by all 354 contributors to the proposals [118, 122, 125–27, 129, 132]. A description of their format and how to cite taxonomy changes in publications is provided in an accompanying review article co-authored by the EC [113].

# Principal changes to virus taxonomy

The greatest number of new assignments were made at the species rank, with a current total of 16,213 species, almost all of which possess binomial names. This represents an increase of 1,523 over the previous year, and continues steadily rising totals of 10,434 (2022), 11,273 (2023), and 14,690 (2024). There were substantial increases in the numbers of genera and families (+246 and +54, respectively), with new taxa being primarily assigned to bacterial viruses; additionally, several new families were established for archaeal and fungal viruses.

Eight new classes were established, including *Orpoviricetes* for bi-segmented fungal RNA viruses with non-canonical RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) motifs [68]. This assignment is provisional pending a potential future reclassification to a new phylum or even higher rank given the structural distinctiveness of the group’s RdRP hallmark gene. Several new classes were created as part of the re-organisation of the realm *Varidnaviria* (proposal 2024.010D.Varidnaviria_reorg; [58]) and the assignments of hakuzovirids, pleolipovirids, and anellovirids to new phyla ([4, 43, 59]; described below).
<table><caption>**Table 1** Summary of ratified taxonomic changes in 2025</caption><thead><tr><th>Rank</th><th>MSL39 Total<sup>a</sup></th><th>New</th><th>Abolished</th><th>Moved</th><th>Renamed</th><th>Other</th><th>MSL40 v2 Total<sup>b</sup></th><th>Net change</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Realm</td><td>6</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>7</td><td>+1</td></tr><tr><td>Subrealm</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Kingdom</td><td>10</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>11</td><td>+1</td></tr><tr><td>Subkingdom</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Phylum</td><td>18</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>22</td><td>+4</td></tr><tr><td>Subphylum</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>4</td><td>+2</td></tr><tr><td>Class</td><td>41</td><td>8</td><td>0</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>49</td><td>+8</td></tr><tr><td>Subclass</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Order</td><td>81</td><td>11</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>93</td><td>+12</td></tr><tr><td>Suborder</td><td>11</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>12</td><td>+1</td></tr><tr><td>Family</td><td>314</td><td>55</td><td>0</td><td>10</td><td>2</td><td>-1</td><td>368</td><td>+54</td></tr><tr><td>Subfamily</td><td>200</td><td>15</td><td>-2</td><td>15</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>213</td><td>+13</td></tr><tr><td>Genus</td><td>3,522</td><td>243</td><td>-2</td><td>100</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>3,768</td><td>+246</td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus</td><td>84</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>86</td><td>+2</td></tr><tr><td>Species</td><td>14,690</td><td>1,563</td><td>-38</td><td>105</td><td>273</td><td>0</td><td>16,213</td><td>+1,523</td></tr></tbody></table>

Higher rank changes included the addition of two subphyla, four phyla, one kingdom, and one realm, representing a substantial expansion in the diversity of classified viruses. A major change was the splitting of the established realm *Varidnaviria* to create a new realm, *Singelaviria*, now including the kingdom *Helvetiavirae* [58]. This was based on the recent recognition of independent evolutionary origins from cellular counterparts of double jelly-roll and single vertical jelly-roll major capsid proteins that are characteristic of double-stranded DNA viruses assigned to two kingdoms, *Bamfordvirae* and *Helvetiavirae*, respectively [114]. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the replication modules encoded by viruses in the realm *Varidnaviria* led to a major re-organization of this realm [114, 115], with five virus orders originally assigned to the kingdom *Bamfordvirae* being moved to a new kingdom, *Abadenavirae*. Finally, two new classes were established within phylum *Preplasmiviricota* to accommodate members of the reassigned family *Adenoviridae* [116] and the previously unclassified, environmentally ubiquitous “polinton-like” viruses [117, 118], and one new class was established within the phylum *Nucleocytoviricota* to accommodate small relatives of giant viruses [119, 120].

Proposal 2024.012D.Shotokuvirae_newphylum [59] addressed the lack of higher-rank assignments for anellovirids, small, single-stranded DNA viruses infecting a wide range of vertebrates. Although anellovirids lack the *Rep* gene typical of circovirids and other members of the phylum *Cressdnaviricota*, it was found that they encode a single jelly-roll capsid protein typical of single-stranded DNA viruses of the kingdom *Shotokuvirae* (realm *Monodnaviria*) [121, 122]. Accordingly, the newly created higher-rank taxonomic assignments for anellovirids include the

order *Sanitavirales*, class *Cardeaviricetes*, and phylum *Commensaviricota*.

Archaeal viruses producing enveloped pleomorphic virions and infecting hyperthermophile prokaryotes of the class *Archaeoglobi* are highly distinct from, yet evolutionarily related to, pleolipovirids in the kingdom *Trapavirae* (realm *Monodnaviria*) [123]. In proposal 2024.004A.Thalassapleoviridae_newphylum [4, 121], Archaeoglobus veneficus pleomorphic virus 1 (AvPV1)-like viruses have been assigned to an entirely separate lineage comprising a new phylum, *Calorviricota*, in the kingdom *Trapavirae*, class *Caminiviricetes*, order *Ageovirales*, and family *Thalassapleoviridae*, with three genera and five species.

A new phylum, *Artimaviricota*, and included lower ranks (*Furtirnaviricetes*, *Divaquavirales*, *Hakuzoviridae*, *Atsuirnavirus*), was established in the kingdom *Orthornavirae* (realm *Riboviria*) for the hyperthermophilic, bi-segmented bacterial hot spring RNA virus 1 [43]. This assignment was based on its highly divergent RdRP sequence and deduced structure that groups phylogenetically apart from homologues in the other six currently assigned orthornavirian phyla [124].

Two new orders of bacterial viruses were established. The family *Autographiviridae* was elevated to the order *Autographivirales* and includes four newly created families [49]. The order encompasses bacterial viruses with podovirus morphology that encode a large single-subunit DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The Lak megaphages, which have been shown to be prevalent across a diversity of gut microbiomes through genome-resolved metagenomics, were assigned to a new order, *Grandevirales* [20]. These viruses possess some of largest known caudoviricete genomes and

<footnote><sup>a</sup>Total number of taxa in the ICTV Master Species List (MSL) #39 prior to the 2025 ratification vote</footnote>

<footnote><sup>b</sup>Total number of taxa after the 2025 ratification vote (listed in the ICTV MSL #40).</footnote>
are characterised by an alternative genetic code in which the TAG stop codon is repurposed to encode glutamine.

Among the three proposals in the General category, Professor Stuart Siddell was nominated as a Life Member of the ICTV [71], based on his long service as a member of ICTV Study Groups, Subcommittees, and the Executive Committee and his key role in helping to develop and modernize guiding principles used to create virus taxonomy.

## Implementation and access

The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website in April, 2025 at https://ictv.global/files/proposals/approved (all proposals combined into a single zip file) and also in a directory at https://ictv.global/files/proposals/approved where links provide access to proposals indexed by virus group and Subcommittee.

Updated versions of the Master Species List (release 40 version v2), which lists all currently approved taxa (Table 1), can be accessed on the ICTV website at https://ictv.global/msl. A similarly updated release 40 (March 27, 2025) of the Virus Metadata Resource (VMR) is located at https://ictv.global/vmr. This provides details of exemplar virus isolates for each species, including GenBank accession numbers.

Summaries of the ratified proposals (described in reference [113, 120]) from six of the seven ICTV Subcommittees and for general proposals are available [125–131].

**Funding** Open Access funding provided by University of Turku (including Turku University Central Hospital). F.M.Z. acknowledges financial support from Capes (Finance code 01), CNPq, and Fapemig. E.M.A. gratefully acknowledges funding by the U.K. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); this research was funded in part BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Microbes and Food Safety BB/X011011/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR13634, BBS/E/F/000PR13635 and BBS/E/F/000PR13636, as well as the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Food Microbiome and Health BB/X011054/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR13631 and BBS/E/F/000PR13633. B.E.D. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 865694: DiversiPHI, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2051 – Project-ID 390713860, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Innovative Training Networks grant agreement no. 955974 (VIROINF), and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the context of an Alexander von Humboldt-Professorship funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. H.M.O. was supported by the University of Helsinki and Research Council of Finland by funding for FINstruct and Instruct Centre FI, part of Biocenter Finland and Instruct-ERIC

and Horizon MSCA 101120407. D.L.R. is supported by the U.K. Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00034/5). D.B.S. is supported by the Microbiology Society. S.S. acknowledges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-3-044, USDA-NIFA SCRI Project 1029242 and NIFA-USDA Hatch Project 7006130. E.J.L, D.M.D, and R.C.H were supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U24AI162625. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (https://ror.org/04xm1d337), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (S.R.). F.O.A. was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (no. 1R35GM147290-01). N.S. was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) (KAKENHI 21H05035). J.F.A. acknowledges financial support from Fapesp (2019/25078-9) and CNPq (305562/2025-8). M.L. was supported by statutory funds for the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. L.R. acknowledges that part of this work was granted by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU, Project SUS-MIRRI.IT "Strengthening the MIRRI Italian Research Infrastructure for Sustainable Bioscience and Bioeconomy", code n. IR0000005. A.V. is supported by National Science Foundation (award # 2412446). Except for Donald M. Dempsey, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Richard Mayne, and Donald B. Smith, the authors were members of the ICTV EC over the 2023–2026 terms when the proposals were submitted and ratified. The contributions of the NIH author(s) are considered Works of the United States Government. The findings and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.

**Data availability** All Taxonomy Proposals and all other ICTV resources mentioned in this article are freely available at the ICTV website (https://ictv.global/)

## Declarations

**Ethical approval** None of the work reported involved research on human participants or animals. All authors have contributed to this work and agreed to its publication.

**Conflict of interest** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

**Open Access** This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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20. Cook R, Pye H, Crisci MA, Telatin A, Santini JM, Adriaenssens EM (2024) Create one new order Grandevirales (Duplodnaviria). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.014B.Grandevirales_1no_ 2nf_3nsf_4ng_8ns.zip

21. Dechesne A, Moraru C, Parra B, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) To update the family Grimontviridae through the addition of three genera (Class: Caudoviricetes). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2024.015B.Grimontviridae_2ng_1mg_2ns.zip

22. Kurtböke I, Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, Hodgkinviridae, for a group of lytic Microbacterium phages (Class: Caudoviricetes). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ 2024.016B.Hodgkinviridae_1nf_2ng_4mg_5ns.zip

23. Millard A, Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, Jeanschmidtviridae for a group of Caulobacter and Brevundimonas phages (Class: Caudoviricetes). https://ictv.glob al/ictv/proposals/2024.017B.Jeanschmidtviridae_1nf_3ng_4mg_ 6ns.zip

24. Ely B (2024) Create one new genus (Kronosvirus) with three spe- cies (Caudoviricetes). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.018 B.Kronosvirus_1ng_3ns.zip

25. Kurtböke I, Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, Kruegerviridae, for a group of Gordonia phages (Class: Caudoviricetes). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.0 19B.Kruegerviridae_1nf_1ng_1mg_4ns.zip

26. Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, Lindbergviridae, for PB1-like phages (Class: Caudoviricetes). htt ps://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.020B.Lindbergviridae_1nf_3 ng_7mg_21ns.zip

27. Tolstoy I, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2024) To create a new genus, Malkevirus, for Streptococcus phages [Class: Caudoviricetes]. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.021B.Malkevirus_1ng_5n s.zip

28. Wójcicki M, Shymialevich D, Średnicka P, Gientka I, Blażejak S, Sokołowska B (2024) Create a new genus (Kononvirus) with a single species to the Markadamsvirinae subfamily (Caudovirice- tes: Demerecviridae). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.022 B.Markadamsvirinae_1ng_1ns.zip

29. Tolstoy I, Moraru C, Kropinski AM (2024) To create a new sub- family, Mcshanvirinae, for Streptococcus phages [Class: Cau- doviricetes]. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.023B.Mcsha nvirinae_1nsf_3ng_25ns.zip

30. Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, Mtkvariviridae, for PhiEco32-like phages (Class: Caudovirice- tes). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.024B.Mtkvariviridae _1nf_1msf_10ns.zip

31. Bartlau N, Moraru C, Wichels A, Holmfeldt K, Åmann RI (2024) Create a new family, Obscuriviridae (Class: Caudoviricetes). ht ps://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.025B.Obscuriviridae_1nf_2 ng_3ns.zip
32. Adriaenssens EM, Cook R, Millard AD, Turner D (2024) Create one new order *Pantevenvirales* (*Duplodnaviria*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.026B.Pantevenvirales_1no_3mf.zip

33. Deptula P, Sha Y, Potipimpanon S, Vogensen FK, Nielsen DS, Knezevic P (2024) To create one (1) new species in the genus *Bifilivirus*, family *Paulinoviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.028B.Philemonvirus_1ns.zip

34. Kurtböke I, Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create seven new genera for *Rhodococcus* siphoviruses [Class. Caudoviricetes] https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.029B.Rhodococcus_siphoviruses_7ng_7ns.zip

35. Cook R, Tavares P, Lurz R, Barylski J, Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, *Trautnerviridae*, sub-family *Polsinellivirinae* and two genera (*Rivavirus*, and *Splendi-dredvirus*) [class *Caudoviricetes*]. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.030B.Trautnerviridae_1nf_1nsf_3ng_6ns.zip

36. Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, *Sarkviridae* for the Jersey-like siphophages (Class: *Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.031B.Sarkviridae_1nf_1msf_2mg.zip

37. Ganjoor MS, Bouzari M, Soleimani-Delfan A (2024) Create a new genus, *Sepahanvirus*, containing two species (*Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.032B.Sepahanvirus_1ng_2ns.zip

38. Shymialevich D, Wójcicki M, Sokołowska B (2024) Create a new family (*Mazoviaviridae*) and a new genus (*Dabrowskivirus*) with a single species (*Caudoviricetes* class). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.033B.Mazoviaviridae_1nf_1ng_1ns.zip

39. Kurtböke I, Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, *Stackebrandtviridae*, for a group of *Gordonia* phages (Class: *Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.034BStackebrandtviridae_1nf_2nsf_8mg_8ns.zip

40. Turner D (2024) Corrections to species names in the classes *Caudoviricetes* and *Faserviricetes*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.036B.Caudoviricetes_Faserviricetes_Name_Corrections.zip

41. Moraru C, Tolstoy I, Kropinski AM (2024) Create a new family, *Vandenendeviridae*, for a group of lytic *Pseudomonas* phages (Class: *Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.037B.Vandenendeviridae_1nf_2msf_8mg_11ns.zip

42. Bardy P, Fogg PCM, Kalatzis PG, Middelboe M, Oksanen HM (2024) Create three new families *Mestraviridae*, *Asemoviridae*, and *Parnassusviridae*, and move the family *Autolykiviridae* into the order *Vinavirales* (*Tectiliviricetes*, *Preplasmiviricota*, *Bamfordvirae*. *Varidnaviria*) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.038B.Vinavirales_3nf_1mf_7ng_5ns_3ms.zip

43. Urayama S-I, Fukudome A, Koonin EV, Nunoura T, Krupovic M (2024) Create new phylum, *Artimaviricota* in the kingdom *Orthornavirae* (realm *Riboviria*) for classification of a hyperthermophilic RNA virus. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.039B.Artimaviricota NP.zip

44. Liu H-T (2024) Create a new species *Sharonstreetvirus xiamensis* (*Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.040B.S haronstreetvirus_1ns.zip

45. Kempff A, vanNeer V, Ongenae V, Rozen DE, Briegel A, Claessen D (2024) Create two new species - *Camvirus vanseggelen* and *Camvirus verabelle* [subfamily *Arquatrovirinae*, class *Caudoviricites*]. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.041B.Camvirus_2ns.zip

46. Wen Q, Chen X (2024) Create one new genus, *Lacfervirus*, in the class *Caudoviricetes*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.042B.Lacfervirus_1ng_1ns.zip

47. Poranen MM, Mäntynen S (2024) Rename and split an existing genus of the family *Cystoviridae* (*Vidaverviricetes: Mindivirales*), rename seven virus species, create two new species and

genera. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.043B.Cystoviridae_6ng_2nsp_1rg_7rnsp.zip

48. Nobrega FL, Rothschild-Rodriguez D, Lambon K (2024) Create one (1) new family (*Felixviridae*), including one (1) new subfamily (*Maevirinae*), three (3) genera (two new: *Nakavirus*, *Chronisvirus*; one existent: *Certevirus*), including two (2) new species (*Nakavirus sapi* and *Chronisvirus chronis*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.044B.Felixviridae_1nf_1nsf_2ng_1mg_2ns.zip

49. Turner D, Carrillo D, Lood C, Ely B, Lehman SM, Dutilh B, Kropinski AM, Lavigne R, Adriaenssens EM, Millard AD (2024) Promoting the family *Autographiviridae* to create one new order, *Autographivirales*, with four new families, four new subfamilies, 93 new genera and 607 new species (*Duplodnaviria*, *Caudoviricetes*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.045B.Autographivirales.zip

50. Peng X-W, Lei C-F, Hu J, Sun XL (2024) Create the new species *Alphabaculovirus* *alterhycuneae* in the genus *Alphabaculovirus* (*Lefavirales: Baculoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001D.Alphabaculovirus-1nsp.zip

51. Tarján ZL, Benkö M, Egyed L, Harrach B (2024) Create five new species in the genus *Circovirus* (*Cirlivirales: Circoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002D.Circoviridae_5ns.zip

52. Surján A, Vidovszky MZ, Postler TS, Harrach B (2024) Create 4 new species in the genera *Alphapolyomavirus* and *Betapolyomavirus* (*Polyomaviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003D.Polyomaviridae_4ns.zip

53. Benkö M, Arnberg N, Hess M, Kaján GL, Kajon A, Mittal SK, Podgorski II, Postler TS, San Martín C, Wadell G, Watanabe H, Harrach B (2024) Create 16 new species in the genera *Aviadeno-virus*, *Barthadenovirus* and *Mastadenovirus* (*Rowavirales: Adeviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.004D.Adeviridae_16ns.zip

54. van Oers MM, Abd-Alla AMM, Bateman KS, Bojko J, Harrison RL, Herniou EA, Sun XL, Jehle JA, Krell PJ, Ribeiro BM (2024) Create four new species and abolish one current species in family *Baculoviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.005D.Baculoviridae_4nsp_labsp.zip

55. Bézier A, Leobold M, Guinet B, Drezen J-M, Herniou EA, Varaldi J (2024) Create a new virus family in the *Lefavirales* order named *Filamentoviridae* with two genera *Alphafilamentovirus* and *Beta-filamentovirus*, and three species. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.007D.Filamentoviridae_1nf_2ngen_3nsp.zip

56. Pénzes J, Canuti M, François S, Söderlund-Venermo M (2024) Creating 55 new species in family *Parvoviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.008D.Parvoviridae_55nsp.zip

57. Kraberger S, Opriessnig T, Maggi F, Celer V, Okamoto H, Biagini P, Krupovic M, Varsani A (2024) Establish 4 new genera, 70 new species and abolish one genus in the family *Anelloviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.009D.Anelloviridae_4ngen_70nsp.zip

58. Koonin EV, Fischer MG, Yutin N, Kuhn JH, Krupovic M (2024) Reorganization of the realm *Varidnaviria*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.010D.Varidnaviria_reorg.zip

59. Varsani A, Butkovic A, Kraberger S, Koonin EV, Krupovic M (2024) Create a new phylum 'Commensaviricota' for the kingdom *Shotokuvirae* and family *Anelloviridae*. https://ictv.global/icv/proposals/2024.012D.Shotokuvirae_newphylum.zip

60. Krupovic M, Kuhn JH (2024) Rename all species to conform with the ICTV-mandated binomial format (*Ortervirales: Belpaoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.013D.Belpaoviridae_spen_v1.zip

61. Ayllón MA, Turina M, Donaire L, Nerva L, Marzano SYL, Xie J, Jiang D (2024) Change the name of 32 species of six genera of the family *Botourmiaviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001F.Botourmiaviridae_spen.zip
62. Lang AS (2024) Rename 20 species within family *Marnaviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002F.Marnaviridae_spren.zip

63. Sato Y, Daghino S, Chiba Y, Urayama S, Xie J, Ayllón MA, Suzuki N, Turina M (2024) Create one new family, including three new genera and 16 new species, in the order *Wolframvirales* (class *Amabiliviricetes*, phylum *Lenarviricota*, kingdom *Orthonavirae*, realm *Riboviria*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003F.Splipalmiviridae_newfam.zip

64. Canuti M, Pénzes J (2024) Create a new order, *Lineavirales*, and a new family, the *Oomyviridae*, with 3 genera and 38 species in the class *Arfiviricetes* of the phylum *Cressdnaviricota*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.004F.Oomyviridae_newfam.zip

65. Claverie JM, Legendre M, Rigou S, Abergel C (2024) Creation of a new suborder within the *Pimascovirales* to position and name Pithovirus-related isolates. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.005F.Pimascovirales_reorg.zip

66. Kotta-Loizou I, Coutts RHA (2024) Create a new genus *Unirnavirus* to accommodate 13 new species within family *Amalgaviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.006F.Amalgaviridae_newgen.zip

67. Xie J, Mu F, Jia J, Jiang D, Sabanadzovic S (2024) Create one new family (*Mycoalphaviridae*) including two new genus (*Alphasclernavirus*, *Betasclernavirus*) and seven new species. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.007F.Mycoalphaviridae_newfam.zip

68. Botella L, Turina M, Hejna O, Krupovic M, Neri U, Poimala A, Shamsi W, Sabanadzovic S, Sutela S, Vainio E, Forgia M (2024) Create a new class, *Orpoviricetes*, including two new orders, four families, seven genera and 26 new species in kingdom *Orthornavirae* (realm *Riboviria*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.008F.Orpoviricetes_newclass.zip

69. Simmonds P, Zerbini M, Lefkowitz EJ (2024) Name format for expedited corrections of taxonomy proposals. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001G.Name_format_of_Taxonomy_Proposal_Corrections.docx

70. Zerbini M, Lefkowitz EJ, Crane A, Kuhn JH (2024) Revise the ICTV Statutes and the ICVCN. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002G.ICVCN_and_Statutes_harmonization.docx

71. Lefkowitz EJ, Zerbini FM (2024) Nomination of Stuart Siddell as a Life Member of the ICTV. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003G.Nomination_Stuart_Siddell_as_Life_Member.docx

72. Walker PJ, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Freitas-Astúa J, Ramos-Gonzáles PL, Kondo H, Kurath G, Shi M, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE (2024) In the subfamily *Alpharhabdovirinae*, create 9 new species in 6 existing genera (*Alphapaprhavirus*, *Sigmavirus*, *Merthavirus*, *Tupavirus*, *Alphanemrhavirus*, *Alpharicinrhavirus*), rename the existing genus *Thriprhavirus* (as *Alphathriprhavirus*), and create the new genus *Betathriprhavirus* including two new species (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001M.Alpharhabdovirinae_1ng_11nsp.zip

73. Grimwood RG, Geoghegan JL, Kuhn JH (2024) Create one new species in genus *Antennavirus* (*Hareavirales; Arenaviridae*). http://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002M.Antennavirus_1nsp.zip

74. Økland AL, Kuhn JH, Ye G, Vasilakis N (2024) Create two new species in genus *Peropuvirus* and two new species in genus *Hexartovirus*. (Mononegavirales: Artoviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003M.Artoviridae_4nsp.zip

75. Briese T, Dürrwald R, Horie M, Hyndman TH, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Kuhn JH, Nowotny N, Pfaff F, Rubbenstroth D, Tomonaga K (2024) Create three new species in family *Bornaviridae* (*Mononegavirales*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.004M.Bornaviridae_3nsp.zip

76. Zhao M, Schott E, Tavares C (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Cardoreovirus* (*Reovirales: Sedoreoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.005M.Cardoreovirus_1nsp.zip

77. Walker PJ, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Freitas-Astúa J, Ramos-Gonzáles PL, Kondo H, Kurath G, Shi M, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE (2024) In the subfamily *Deltarhabdovirinae*, create 1 new species in the genus *Stangrhavirus*, 1 new species in the genus *Primrhavirus*, and 2 new species in the genus *Alphahymrhavirus*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.006M.Deltarhabdovirinae_4nsp.zip

78. Kuhn JH, Liu Y, Bao Y (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Dianlovirus* (*Mononegavirales: Filoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.007M.Filoviridae_1nsp.zip

79. Li JM, Ye GY, Wang F, Ye ZX (2024) Create five new genera and eleven new species in the family *Lispiviridae* (*Mononegavirales*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.008M.Lispiviridae_5ngen_11nsp.zip

80. Shedroff ES, Martin ML, Whitmer SLM, Brignone J, Garcia JB, Sen C, Nazar Y, Fabbri C, Morales-Betoulle M, Mendez JA, Montgomery JM, Morales MA, Klena JD (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Mammarenavirus* (*Bunyavirales: Arenaviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.009M.Mammarenavirus_1nsp.zip

81. de Souza WM, Calisher C, Carrera JP, Hughes H, Nunes MRT, Russell B, Tilston-Lunel NL, Venter M, Xia H (2024) Create four new species in the genus *Orthobunyavirus*, family *Peribunyaviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.010M.orthobunyavirus_4nsp.zip

82. Mull N, Erdin M, Smura T, Sironen T, Forbes K (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Orthohantavirus* (*Elliovirales: Hantaviridae*): *Orthohantavirus ozarkense*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.011M.orthohantavirus_1nsp.zip

83. Mull N, Erdin M, Letko M, Seifert S, Sironen T, Smura T, Forbes KM (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Orthohantavirus* (*Elliovirales: Hantaviridae*): *Orthohantavirus sagercreekense*. http://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.012M.orthohantavirus_1nsp.zip

84. Ballinger MJ, Junglen S, De Coninck L (2024) Create four new species, abolish two species, and rename two species in the family *Phasmaviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.013M.Phasmaviridae_4nsp_3ab_2rn.zip

85. Walker PJ, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Freitas-Astúa J, Ramos-Gonzáles PL, Kondo H, Kurath G, Shi M, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE (2024) Rename the existing genus *Platrhavirus* (as *Alphaplatrhavirus*) and create 12 new species in the renamed genus, create the new genus *Betaplatrhavirus* including 12 new species, and create the new genus *Gammaplatrhavirus* including 6 new species. (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.014M.Platrhavirus_2ng_30nsp.zip

86. Johne R (2024) Create two new species (*Rotavirus kappagastroenteritidis*, *Rotavirus lambdagastroenteritidis*) in the genus *Rotavirus* (Family *Sedoreoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.015M.Rotavirus_2nsp.zip

87. Zhao M, Schott E (2024) Create one new genus (*Crabreovirus*) with three new species. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.016M.Sedoreoviridae_1ng_3nsp.zip

88. Yurchenko V, Kuhn JH, Kostygov AY (2024) Create ten new species in genus *Shilevirus* (*Bunyaviricetes: Hareavirales: Leishbuviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.017M.Shilevirus_10nsp.zip

89. Kuhn JH, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Wolf Y (2024) Move free-floating negarnaviricot family *Tosoviridae* into bunyaviricete order *Hareavirales*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.018M.Tosoviridae_move.zip
90. Yang C, An W, Li C, Zhang S, Cao M, Digiaro M, Elbeaino T, Kubota K, Ochoa Corona FM, von Bargen S (2024) Create *Emaravirus clematis* as a new species in the genus *Emaravirus*, family *Fimoviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001P.Fimoviridae_1nsp.zip

91. Abrahamian P, Donaire L, Candresse T, Fox A, Hammond J, Hasiów-Jaroszewska B, Kreuze J, Rubino L, Aranda MA (2024) Create eight new species in the family *Alphaflexiviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002P Alphabetixiviridae_7nsp.zip

92. Tomitaka Y, Shimomoto Y, Sasaya T (2024) Create two new species in the genus *Orthotospovirus*. (Elliovirales: Tospoviridae) https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003P.Tospoviridae_2nsp.zip

93. Neriya Y, Schravesande WEW, van Den Burg HA, Verhage A, Tomitaka Y, Sasaya T (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Olpivirus* (*Hareavirales: Konkoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.004P.Konkoviridae_1nsp.zip

94. Umber M, Dasgupta I, Geering ADW, Hafrén A, Hull R, Kreuze J, Leisner S, Muller E, Pappu H, Pooggin M, Richer-Pöggeler K, Seal S, Stavolone L, Teycheney PY (2024) Create three new species in the genus *Badnavirus* (*Ortervirales: Caulimoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.005P.Caulimoviridae_3nsp.zip

95. Li C, An W, Zhang S, Cao M, Yang C, Mohammadi M, Hosseini A, Nasrollanejad S, Roy A, Freitas-Astua J, Tiberini A, Jun-Min L, Ramos-González PL (2024) &. Create a new species in the genus *Cilevirus* and two in the genus *Higrevirus*, family *Kitaviridae* (*Martellivirales*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.006P Kitaviridae_3nsp.zip

96. Roumagnac P, Ascencio-Ibanez J, Lett J-M, López-Lambertini PM, Martin DP, Navas-Castillo J, Ribeiro S, Urbino C, Varsani A, Zerbini FM (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Capulavirus* (*Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.007P.Geminiviridae_Capulavirus_1nsp.zip

97. Roumagnac P, Ascencio-Ibanez J, Lett J-M, López-Lambertini PM, Martin DP, Navas-Castillo J, Ribeiro S, Urbino C, Varsani A, Zerbini FM (2024) Create two new species in the genus *Citlodavirus* (*Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.008P.Geminiviridae_Citlodavirus_2nsp.zip

98. Varsani A, Martin DP, Roumagnac P, Ascencio-Ibanez J, Lett J-M, López-Lambertini PM, Navas-Castillo J, Ribeiro S, Urbino C, Zerbini FM (2024) Establish five new species in the genus *Mastrevirus*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.009P.Gemini viridae_Mastrevirus_5nsp.zip

99. Zerbini FM, Ascencio-Ibanez J, Lett J-M, Navas-Castillo J, Urbino C, López-Lambertini P, Martin D, Ribeiro S, Roumagnac P, Varsani A (2024) Create 19 new species in the genus *Begomovirus* (*Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.010P.Geminiviridae_Begomovirus_18nsp.zip

100. Thompson JR, Canto T, Carr JP, Pallás V, Šafářová D (2024) Create four (4) new species in the genus *Ilarvirus* (*Martellivirales: Bromoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.011P.Bromoviridae_4nsp.zip

101. Inoue-Nagata AK, Jordan R, Kreuze JF, Li F, Lopez-Moya JJ, Makinen K, Ohshima K, Wylie SJ (2024) Create 1 new genus (*Phragmivirus*) with 2 species, and 8 new species in the genus *Potyvirus* (*Patatavirales: Potyviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.012P.Potyviridae_1ng_10nsp.zip

102. Fuchs M, Hily J-M, Petrzik K, Sanfaçon H, Stewart L, Thompson J, van Der Vlugt R, Wetzel T (2024) Create a new genus, two new subgenera, and 34 new species in the family *Secoviridae* (*Picornavirales*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.013P.v2.zip

103. Bejerman M, Debat H, Dietzgen R, Freitas-Astua J, Kondo H, Ramos-Gonzalez P, Whitfield A, Walker P (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Alphanucleorhabdovirus*, and one species in the genus *Betanucleorhabdovirus*, subfamily *Betarhabdovirinae* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.014P.Rhabdoviridae_2nsp.zip

104. Bejerman M, Debat H, Dietzgen R, Freitas-Astua J, Kondo H, Ramos-Gonzalez P, Whitfield A, Walker P (2024) Abolish one genus and create three new genera to include 98 new species in the subfamily *Betarhabdovirinae* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.015P.Rhabdoviridae_Cytorhabdovirus_splitgen.zip

105. Bejerman M, Debat H, Dietzgen R, Freitas-Astua J, Kondo H, Ramos-Gonzalez P, Whitfield A, Walker P (2024) Create one new genus to include five new species in the subfamily *Betarhabdovirinae* (*Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.016P.Rhabdoviridae_1ngen_5nsp.zip

106. Scheets K, Hernandez C, Jordan R, Miller WA, Prigigallo MI, Rubino L (2024) Abolish five unassigned species in the family *Tombusviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.017P.Tombusviridae_abolishsp.zip

107. Maclot F, Massart S (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Machlomovirus* (*Tolivirales: Tombusviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.018P.Tombusviridae_1nsp.zip

108. Fontdevila N, Massart S (2024) Create one new species in the genus *Velarivirus* (order *Martellivirales*, family *Closteroviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.019P.Closteroviridae_1ns p.zip

109. Krupovic M, Fischer MG, Kuhn JH (2024) Create one new unassigned order in realm *Riboviria*, including four new families for four currently unassigned genera of plant satellite viruses. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.021P.Riboviria_1nord.zip

110. Nagata T, Blouin A, Candresse T, Cao M, Cho WK, Constable F, Sabanadzovic S, Saldarelli P, Tzanetakis I, Villamor D (2024) Abolish five unassigned species in the family *Betaflexiviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.022P.Betaflexiviridae_aboli shsp.zip

111. Sömera M, Fargette D, Filardo F, Ghafari M, Hebrard E, Sarmiento C, Thomas JE (2024) Rename two species in the genus *Sobemovirus* (family *Solemoviridae*). https://ictv.global/ictv/prop osals/2024.023P.Solemoviridae_rename_sp.zip

112. Hammond R, Abrahamian P, Bejerman N, Mollov D, Nagata T, Sabanadzovic S (2024) Abolish two unassigned species in the family *Tymoviridae*. https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.024P Tymoviridae_abolish_sp.zip

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122. Liou SH, Boggavarapu R, Cohen NR, Zhang Y, Sharma I, Zeheb L, Mukund Acharekar N, Rodgers HD, Islam S, Pitts J, Arze C, Swaminathan H, Yozwiak N, Ong T, Hajjar RJ, Chang Y, Swanson KA, Delagrave S (2024) Structure of anellovirus-like particles reveal a mechanism for immune evasion. Nat Commun 15:7219. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51064-8

123. Baquero DP, Bignon EA, Krupovic M (2024) Pleomorphic viruses establish stable relationship with marine hyperthermophilic archaea. ISME J 18:wrae008. https://doi.org/10.1093/ismj/ejo/wrae008

124. Urayama SI, Fukudome A, Hirai M, Okumura T, Nishimura Y, Takaki Y, Kurosawa N, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Nunoura T (2024) Double-stranded RNA sequencing reveals distinct riboviruses associated with thermoacidophilic bacteria from hot springs in Japan. Nat Microbiol 9:514–523. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-023-01579-5

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## Authors and Affiliations

Peter Simmonds¹ ID • Evelien M. Adriaenssens² ID • Elliot J. Lefkowitz³ ID • Hanna M. Oksanen⁴ ID •

Francisco Murilo Zerbini⁵ ID • Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini⁶ ID • Frank O. Aylward⁷ ID • Donald M. Dempsey³ ID •

Juliana Freitas-Astúa⁸ ID • R. Curtis Hendrickson³ ID • Holly R. Hughes⁹ ID • Mart Krupovic¹⁰ ID • Jens H. Kuhn¹¹ ID •

Małgorzata Łobocka¹² ID • Richard Mayne¹³ ID • Arcady R. Mushegian¹⁴ ID • Judit J. Penzes¹⁵ ID •

Alejandro Reyes Muñoz¹⁶ ID • David L. Robertson¹⁷ ID • Simon Roux¹⁸ ID • Luisa Rubino¹⁹ ID •

Sead Sabanadzovic²⁰,²¹ ID • Donald B. Smith¹³ ID • Nobuhiro Suzuki²² ID • Dann Turner²³ ID •

Koenraad Van Doorslaer²⁴ ID • Arvind Varsani²⁵ ID

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Peter Simmonds

Peter.Simmonds@utu.fi

Evelien M. Adriaenssens

evelien.adriaenssens@quadram.ac.uk

Elliot J. Lefkowitz

elliottl@uab.edu

Hanna M. Oksanen

hanna.oksanen@helsinki.fi

Francisco Murilo Zerbini

zerbini@ufv.br

Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini

palfenas@ufv.br

Frank O. Aylward

faylward@vt.edu

Donald M. Dempsey

ddempsey@uab.edu

Juliana Freitas-Astúa

juliana.astua@embrapa.br

R. Curtis Hendrickson

curtish@uab.edu

Holly R. Hughes

ltr8@cdc.gov

Mart Krupovic

mart.krupovic@pasteur.fr

Jens H. Kuhn

jenshkuhn@comcast.net

Małgorzata Łobocka

lobocka@ibb.waw.pl

Richard Mayne

peter.simmonds@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Arcady R. Mushegian

mushegian2@gmail.com

Judit J. Penzes

judit.penzes@ag.tamu.edu

Alejandro Reyes Muñoz

a.reyes@uniandes.edu.co

David L. Robertson

David.L.Robertson@glasgow.ac.uk

Simon Roux

sroux@lbl.gov

Luisa Rubino

luisa.rubino@ipsp.cnr.it

Sead Sabanadzovic

SSabanadzovic@entomology.msstate.edu

Donald B. Smith

donald.smith.ictv@gmail.com

Nobuhiro Suzuki

nsuzuki@okayama-u.ac.jp

Dann Turner

Dann2.Turner@uwe.ac.uk

Koenraad Van Doorslaer

vandoorslaer@arizona.edu

Arvind Varsani

Arvind.Varsani@asu.edu

1. Virology Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland

2. Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK

3. Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ALGEN 550, 701 19th St South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA

4. Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland

5. Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil

6. Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil

7. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

8. Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA 44380-000, Brazil

9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

10. Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Cell Biology and Virology of Archaea Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France

11. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
12 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland

13 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3SY Oxford, UK

14 Bethesda, MD 20814, USA

15 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA

16 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

17 MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Michael Stoker Building, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK

18 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

19 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Sede Secondaria di Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy

20 Department of Agricultural Science and Plant Protection, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA

21 Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA

22 Institute of Plant Science and Resources, School of Applied Science, College of Health, Science and Society, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan

23 University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK

24 Department of Immunobiology, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

25 The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4701, USA