Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; ¹¹⁶Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; ¹¹⁷Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ¹¹⁸Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; ¹¹⁹Pathology & Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; ¹²⁰Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, New Delhi, India; ¹²¹Consultation Center for Hematopathology, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Wuppertal, Germany; ¹²²Department of Pathology, The Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; ¹²³Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; ¹²⁴Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; ¹²⁵Hematology and laboratory of physiopathology and treatment of hematological disorders, Necker Hospital, APHP, INSERM U1163, Imagine, Paris University, Paris, France; ¹²⁶Neuro-oncology, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; ¹²⁷Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; ¹²⁸Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; ¹²⁹Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; ¹³⁰Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; ¹³¹Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; ¹³²Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; ¹³³Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; ¹³⁴Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; ¹³⁵Departments of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; ¹³⁶Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; ¹³⁷Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA; ¹³⁸Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Narita, Chiba, Japan; ¹³⁹Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK; ¹⁴⁰Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; ¹⁴¹Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; ¹⁴²Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ¹⁴³Department of Pathology, Seoul National University SNU SMG Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; ¹⁴⁴Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; ¹⁴⁵Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre - UHN, Toronto, Canada; ¹⁴⁶Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; ¹⁴⁷Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; ¹⁴⁸Department of Pathology, University of Ankara, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; ¹⁴⁹Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; ¹⁵⁰Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; ¹⁵¹Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France; ¹⁵²Department of Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; ¹⁵³Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; ¹⁵⁴Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India; ¹⁵⁵Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; ¹⁵⁶Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; ¹⁵⁷Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; ¹⁵⁸Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; ¹⁵⁹Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; ¹⁶⁰Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; ¹⁶¹Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK; ¹⁶²Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; ¹⁶³Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; ¹⁶⁴Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, DCEG, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA; ¹⁶⁵Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, the Czech Republic; ¹⁶⁶Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; ¹⁶⁷Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; ¹⁶⁸Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ¹⁶⁹Department of Pathology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; ¹⁷⁰Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Robert Debré, Université de Paris, Paris, France; ¹⁷¹Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain; ¹⁷²Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Kawagoe, Japan; ¹⁷³Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; ¹⁷⁴Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Inserm CNRS AMU, Marseille, France; ¹⁷⁵Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan; ¹⁷⁶Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; ¹⁷⁷Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; ¹⁷⁸Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan; ¹⁷⁹Department of Histopathology,

Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; ¹⁸⁰Department of Pathology, Hautepierre, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; ¹⁸¹Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; ¹⁸²Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan; ¹⁸³Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hopitaux universitaires Henri-Mondor, Creteil, France; ¹⁸⁴Hemat-Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; ¹⁸⁵Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; ¹⁸⁶Lab Haematology / Cytogenetics & Molecular Genetics, Tata Medical center, Kolkata, India; ¹⁸⁷Pathology Unit, Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; ¹⁸⁸Pediatric Development and Rehab, Genetics Division, Legacy Health/Randall Children's Hospital and Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA; ¹⁸⁹Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; ¹⁹⁰Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Dermatology Unit, Bologna, Italy; ¹⁹¹Health Sciences, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy; ¹⁹²Pathology and Dermatology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; ¹⁹³Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; ¹⁹⁴Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; ¹⁹⁵Department of Medicine, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park, NY, USA; ¹⁹⁶Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital/University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway; ¹⁹⁷Departamento de Diagnostico Laboratorial, IPOLFG-Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Lisboa, Portugal; ¹⁹⁸Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; ¹⁹⁹Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; ²⁰⁰Department of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; ²⁰¹Department of anatomic pathology and histology, Fondazione Policlinico universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy; ²⁰²Department of Haematology, Plymouth University Medical School, Plymouth, UK; ²⁰³Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; ²⁰⁴Haematopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Bologna, Italy; ²⁰⁵Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Tata Translational Cancer Research Centre, Kolkata, India; ²⁰⁶Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; ²⁰⁷Department of Dermatology, Asklepiez Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany; ²⁰⁸Pathology and Dermatology, Hospital Obrero Nro 1 CNS, Hospital General, La Paz, Spain; ²⁰⁹Dept of Pathology and Dermatology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; ²¹⁰Department of Health Sciences, Division of Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Florence School of Human Health Sciences, Firenze, Italy; ²¹¹Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan; ²¹²Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA; ²¹³Molecular Pathology Unit, Medical Faculty, Porto University, Porto, Portugal; ²¹⁴Department of Hematology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy; ²¹⁵Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; ²¹⁶Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; ²¹⁷Medicine and Quality Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; ²¹⁸Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Turin and City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy; ²¹⁹Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences. Thessaloniki, Greece; ²²⁰Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; ²²¹Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm (CCCU), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; ²²²Department of Pathology, Chalulokorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; ²²³Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; ²²⁴Department of Pathology, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy; ²²⁵Pathology, Biomedical and Sciences, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan; ²²⁶Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India; ²²⁷Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Perugia, Italy; ²²⁸Allergic Disease Research Center, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan; ²²⁹Hematology and Cell Therapy, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ²³⁰Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; ²³¹Hematology and Medical Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; ²³²Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan; ²³³Myeloma Center, UAMS Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA; ²³⁴Department of Haematology, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamal, India; ²³⁵Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; ²³⁶Department of Pathology, Medipath and American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France; ²³⁷Division of Hematology Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; ²³⁸Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; ²³⁹Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; ²⁴⁰Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; ²⁴¹Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; ²⁴²Medical Department III, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany; ²⁴³Medical Oncology,
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Havard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; ²⁴⁴School of Basic and Medical Biosciences KCL, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK; ²⁴⁵Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; ²⁴⁶Department of Hematological Malignancies, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; ²⁴⁷Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; ²⁴⁸Department of Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; ²⁴⁹Department of Hematology, Peking University Peoples' Hospital, Peking Institute of Hematology, Beijing, PR China; ²⁵⁰Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; ²⁵¹Advanced Diagnosis, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan; ²⁵²Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; ²⁵³Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK; ²⁵⁴National Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Shanghai, PR China.

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## ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

**Correspondence** and requests for materials should be addressed to Ming-Qing Du, Judith Ferry, German Ott or Reiner Siebert.

<footnote n="1">¹Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. ²Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. ³Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. ⁴Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK. ⁵Department of Pathology, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil. ⁶University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. ⁷Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ⁸Division of Histopathology, SL Raheja Hospital, Mumbai, India. ⁹Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ¹⁰Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer institute, QMUL and SIHMDS Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. ¹¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ¹²Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong. ¹³National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore. ¹⁴Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. ¹⁵Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. ¹⁶Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK. ¹⁷Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA. ¹⁸Center for Genomic and Computational Biology and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. ¹⁹Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ²⁰Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ²¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ²²Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ²³Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. ²⁴Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA. ²⁵Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. ²⁶Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ²⁷Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. ²⁸Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ²⁹Hematology/Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany. ³⁰Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands. ³¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. ³²Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik Zurich, and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. ³³Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. ³⁴Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. ³⁵Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. ³⁶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ³⁷Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ³⁸Departments of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. ³⁹Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. ⁴⁰Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ⁴¹Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. ⁴²Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. ⁴³Department of Pathology, West-China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. ⁴⁴Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA. ⁴⁵Department of Pathology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic. ⁴⁶Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. ⁴⁷Anatomic Pathology Department and Translational Hematopathology Lab, Valdecilla/IDIVAL University Hospital, Santander, Spain. ⁴⁸Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ⁴⁹Section of Pathology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ⁵⁰Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. ⁵¹Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany. ⁵²Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France. ⁵³Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. ⁵⁴Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA. ⁵⁵HMDS, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK. ⁵⁶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ⁵⁷MD-PhD, DITEP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. ⁵⁸Department of Pathology-Aga Khan University Hospital- Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. ⁵⁹Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ⁶⁰Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ⁶¹Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia. ⁶²Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany. ⁶³Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. ⁶⁴Hospices Civils de Lyon/Department of Pathology/ Université Lyon 1/ Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) INSERM U1111 -, CNRS UMR5308 Lyon, France. ⁶⁵Department of Pathology, Hopital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Pessac, France. ⁶⁶National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, London, UK. ⁶⁷Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes and Aix-MarseillierReference University, Marseille, France. ⁶⁸email: mqd20@cam.ac.uk; JFERRY@mgh.harvard.edu; German.Ott@rbk.de; reiner.siebert@uni-ulm.de</footnote>