# Streamlining the Creation of Holocaust-related Digital Editions with Automatic Tools

Sarah Bénière, Floriane Chiffoleau, Hugo Scheithauer

► To cite this version:

Sarah Bénière, Floriane Chiffoleau, Hugo Scheithauer. Streamlining the Creation of Holocaust-related Digital Editions with Automatic Tools. EHRI Academic Conference - Researching the Holocaust in the Digital Age, EHRI-3, Jun 2024, Varsovie, Poland. hal-04594190v2

HAL Id: hal-04594190

https://inria.hal.science/hal-04594190v2

Submitted on 24 Jun 2024

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

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émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Streamlining the Creation of Holocaust-related Digital Editions with Automatic Tools

Sarah Bénière, Floriane Chiffoleau, Hugo Scheithauer

► To cite this version:

Sarah Bénière, Floriane Chiffoleau, Hugo Scheithauer. Streamlining the Creation of Holocaust-related Digital Editions with Automatic Tools. EHRI Academic Conference - Researching the Holocaust in the Digital Age, EHRI-3, Jun 2024, Varsovie, Poland. hal-04594190v2

HAL Id: hal-04594190

https://inria.hal.science/hal-04594190v2

Submitted on 24 Jun 2024

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Streamlining the Creation of Holocaust-related Digital Editions with Automatic Tools

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

ALMAnaCH project-team

Inria

Sarah Bénière, Floriane Chiffoleau, Hugo Scheithauer
EHRI Academic Conference, Warsaw, Poland
June 18th, 2024
# Streamlining the Creation of Holocaust-related Digital Editions with Automatic Tools

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

ALMAnaCH project-team

Inria

Sarah Bénière, Floriane Chiffoleau, Hugo Scheithauer
EHRI Academic Conference, Warsaw, Poland
June 18th, 2024
Outline of the
presentation

1. The **project** and us

2. The **sources**

3. **Outline** of the semi-automated workflow

4. **Acquiring the content** of the source faster

5. **Obtaining the structure** of the document

6. **Enriching the transcriptions** semi-automatically

7. **Proposing a centralized interface** for future holocaust-related editions

8. **Conclusion**

9. **Resources**
Outline of the
presentation

1. The **project** and us

2. The **sources**

3. **Outline** of the semi-automated workflow

4. **Acquiring the content** of the source faster

5. **Obtaining the structure** of the document

6. **Enriching the transcriptions** semi-automatically

7. **Proposing a centralized interface** for future holocaust-related editions

8. **Conclusion**

9. **Resources**
THE PROJECT AND US

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>
THE PROJECT AND US

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>
# A bit of background

**Floriane Chiffoleau**

PhD Candidate in Digital
Humanities (Inria, Le Mans
Université).

Thesis topic: Automatic Text
Recognition and Ground Truth

**Who are we?**

**Hugo Scheithauer**

PhD Candidate in Digital
Humanities (Inria, Ecole
Pratique des Hautes Etudes,
Paris).

Thesis topic: Document
Layout Analysis and
Document Understanding

**Sarah Benière**

R&D Engineer in Digital
Humanities (Inria).

Master's Internship on the
project
# A bit of background

**Floriane Chiffoleau**

PhD Candidate in Digital
Humanities (Inria, Le Mans
Université).

Thesis topic: Automatic Text
Recognition and Ground Truth

**Who are we?**

**Hugo Scheithauer**

PhD Candidate in Digital
Humanities (Inria, Ecole
Pratique des Hautes Etudes,
Paris).

Thesis topic: Document
Layout Analysis and
Document Understanding

**Sarah Benière**

R&D Engineer in Digital
Humanities (Inria).

Master's Internship on the
project
THE SOURCES

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>
THE SOURCES

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>
# What are we working with?

Six Holocaust-related online editions developed and published by the EHRI consortium:

* **Begrenzte Flucht Edition (2018) & Uzavřít Hranice Edition (2023):** Documents related to the crisis year 1938 at the Czechoslovakia border and Austrian refugees.

* **Early Holocaust Testimonies Edition (2020):** Testimonies in Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch, and Yiddish.

* **Diplomatic Reports Edition (2021):** Reports from the diplomatic staff of Denmark, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Slovakia, and the United States.

* **Von Wien ins Nirgendwo - Die Nisko-Deportationen 1939 Edition (2023):** Documents on the history of the Viennese Jewish deportees to Nisko.

* **Documentation Campaign Edition (2023):** Holocaust survivor testimonies.
# What are we working with?

Six Holocaust-related online editions developed and published by the EHRI consortium:

* **Begrenzte Flucht Edition (2018) & Uzavřít Hranice Edition (2023)**: Documents related to the crisis year 1938 at the Czechoslovakia border and Austrian refugees.

* **Early Holocaust Testimonies Edition (2020)**: Testimonies in Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch, and Yiddish.

* **Diplomatic Reports Edition (2021)**: Reports from the diplomatic staff of Denmark, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Slovakia, and the United States.

* **Von Wien ins Nirgendwo - Die Nisko-Deportationen 1939 Edition (2023)**: Documents on the history of the Viennese Jewish deportees to Nisko

* **Documentation Campaign Edition (2023)**: Holocaust survivor testimonies
# OUTLINE OF THE SEMI-AUTOMATED WORKFLOW

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>
# OUTLINE OF THE SEMI-AUTOMATED WORKFLOW

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>
Semi-automated workflow

Digitization

Segmentation
& Transcription

Encoding

Publication
Semi-automated workflow

Digitization

Segmentation
& Transcription

Encoding

Publication
ACQUIRING THE CONTENT OF THE SOURCE FASTER

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>
ACQUIRING THE CONTENT OF THE SOURCE FASTER

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>
# A tool for ATR: eScriptorium

* GUI for transcribing textual documents, creating training sets, training segmentation and transcription models, etc.

* Project management tool

* eScriptorium uses the language-agnostic transcription engine Kraken (Benjamin Kiessling, PSL)

* Inria hosts an **eScriptorium instance**.
  You can ask for an account with Cremma Call form (in French for now, sorry!).

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>
# A tool for ATR: eScriptorium

* GUI for transcribing textual documents, creating training sets, training segmentation and transcription models, etc.

* Project management tool

* eScriptorium uses the language-agnostic transcription engine Kraken (Benjamin Kiessling, PSL)

* Inria hosts an **eScriptorium instance**. You can ask for an account with Cremma Call form (in French for now, sorry!).

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>
# Creation of a multilingual recognition model

## Two objectives:

- Producing an **efficient multilingual recognition model** for typescript documents

- Contributing to a **PhD experiment**

## Creation of **training data** for the model

- 252 typescript documents, 7 languages

- Documents **segmented and transcribed** (copy/paste or manual)

- Images/Texts/XML: https://github.com/FloChiff/ehri-dataset

- Presentation of the dataset: https://flochiff.github.io/phd/dataset/ehri/dataset.html
# Creation of a multilingual recognition model

## Two objectives:

- Producing an **efficient multilingual recognition model** for typescript documents

- Contributing to a **PhD experiment**

## Creation of **training data** for the model

- 252 typescript documents, 7 languages

- Documents **segmented and transcribed** (copy/paste or manual)

- Images/Texts/XML: https://github.com/FloChiff/ehri-dataset

- Presentation of the dataset: https://flochiff.github.io/phd/dataset/ehri/dataset.html
# Creation of a multilingual recognition model

* **Model** with 97.20% of accuracy

* **Efficiency** of the model:

* Working pretty well with the **languages it was trained on**

* Recognition abilities for the **languages it was not trained on** (if same Latin script)

* Trouble with the **diacritics and uppercase**

* **Other models available:** production of single-language models for each language of the training data
# Creation of a multilingual recognition model

* **Model** with 97.20% of accuracy

* **Efficiency** of the model:

* Working pretty well with the **languages it was trained on**

* Recognition abilities for the **languages it was not trained on** (if same Latin script)

* Trouble with the **diacritics and uppercase**

* **Other models available:** production of single-language models for each language of the training data
EHRI automatic text recognition dataset and
training results

<table><thead><tr><td>Language</td><td>Source</td><td>Number of documents</td><td>Number of lines</td><td>ATR model accuracy</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>German</td><td>BeGrenzte Flucht (BF); Die Nisko-Deportationen (Nisko); Early Holocaust Testimony (EHT)</td><td>56</td><td>2287</td><td>97.9%</td></tr><tr><td>English</td><td>BF; EHT; Diplomatic Reports (DR)</td><td>54</td><td>1989</td><td>97.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Czech</td><td>BF; EHT</td><td>46</td><td>1713</td><td>96.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Danish</td><td>DR</td><td>36</td><td>1007</td><td>97.8%</td></tr><tr><td>Hungarian</td><td>EHT</td><td>30</td><td>1334</td><td>95.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Polish</td><td>EHT</td><td>15</td><td>468</td><td>93.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Slovak</td><td>BF</td><td>15</td><td>395</td><td>93.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Multilingual</td><td>BF; Nisko; DR; EHT</td><td>252</td><td>9193</td><td>97.2%</td></tr></tbody></table>
EHRI automatic text recognition dataset and
training results

<table><thead><tr><td>Language</td><td>Source</td><td>Number of documents</td><td>Number of lines</td><td>ATR model accuracy</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>German</td><td>BeGrenzte Flucht (BF); Die Nisko-Deportationen (Nisko); Early Holocaust Testimony (EHT)</td><td>56</td><td>2287</td><td>97.9%</td></tr><tr><td>English</td><td>BF; EHT; Diplomatic Reports (DR)</td><td>54</td><td>1989</td><td>97.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Czech</td><td>BF; EHT</td><td>46</td><td>1713</td><td>96.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Danish</td><td>DR</td><td>36</td><td>1007</td><td>97.8%</td></tr><tr><td>Hungarian</td><td>EHT</td><td>30</td><td>1334</td><td>95.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Polish</td><td>EHT</td><td>15</td><td>468</td><td>93.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Slovak</td><td>BF</td><td>15</td><td>395</td><td>93.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Multilingual</td><td>BF; Nisko; DR; EHT</td><td>252</td><td>9193</td><td>97.2%</td></tr></tbody></table>
OBTAINING THE STRUCTURE OF
THE DOCUMENT

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>
OBTAINING THE STRUCTURE OF
THE DOCUMENT

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

## Document Layout Analysis (DLA)

### Detection of the **layout components** and their **hierarchy**

Two main approaches:

* Visual features (YOLOv8)

* Combination of textual and visual features (LayoutLM)

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

## Document Layout Analysis (DLA)

Detection of the **layout components** and
their **hierarchy**

Two main approaches:

* Visual features (YOLOv8)

* Combination of textual and visual features (LayoutLM)

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

200 images from the Early Testimonies edition

Annotated with **Roboflow** → [dataset](#)

**YOLOv8 model** (object detection, pixel based)

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

Clérice, T. (2023). You Actually Look Twice At it (YALTAi): using an object detection approach instead of region segmentation within the Kraken engine. *Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities, 2023*. https://doi.org/10.46298/jidmh.9806.

Clérice, T., Janès, J., Scheithauer, H., Bénière, S., Romary, L., & Sagot, B. (2024). *Layout Analysis Dataset with SegmOnto*. DH2024 - Annual conference of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations, Washington, D.C., United States. (hal-04513725)
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

200 images from the Early Testimonies edition

Annotated with **Roboflow** → [dataset](#)

**YOLOv8 model** (object detection, pixel based)

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

Clérice, T. (2023). You Actually Look Twice At it (YALTAi): using an object detection approach instead of region segmentation within the Kraken engine. *Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities, 2023*. https://doi.org/10.46298/jidmh.9806.

Clérice, T., Janès, J., Scheithauer, H., Bénière, S., Romary, L., & Sagot, B. (2024). *Layout Analysis Dataset with SegmOnto*. DH2024 - Annual conference of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations, Washington, D.C., United States. (hal-04513725)
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

The range varies
from very simple
layout to more
intricate layouts.

Heading

List

Handwritten
annotation

Stamp

Author

Handwritten
signature
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

The range varies
from very simple
layout to more
intricate layouts.

Stamp
Author

Handwritten
signature

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

Heading
List
Handwritten
annotation
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

Gabay, S., Pinche, A., Christensen, K., & Camps, J.-B. (2023). SegmOnto: A Controlled Vocabulary to Describe and Process Digital Facsimiles. (hal-04343404).

13 classes in the EHRI dataset
(for now)

Annotations derived from the
**SegmOnto controlled vocabulary**

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

Interoperable

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

Reusable

SegmOnto is **highly compatible with**
**TEI-XML** encoding

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

MainZone:P

NumberingZone

MarginTextZone:ManuscriptAddendum

MainZone:Head

ManuscriptAddendum:Signature

StampZone

MainZone:Date

MainZone:Signature

StampZone:Sticker

RunningTitleZone

MainZone:List

MainZone:Form

MarginTextZone:Notes
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

Gabay, S., Pinche, A., Christensen, K., & Camps, J.-B. (2023). SegmOnto: A Controlled Vocabulary to Describe and Process Digital Facsimiles. (hal-04343404).

13 classes in the EHRI dataset
(for now)

Annotations derived from the
<u>SegmOnto</u> controlled vocabulary

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

Interoperable

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

Reusable

SegmOnto is **highly compatible with**
**TEI-XML** encoding

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /></figure>

MainZone:P

NumberingZone

MarginTextZone:ManuscriptAddendum

MainZone:Head

ManuscriptAddendum:Signature

StampZone

MainZone:Date

MainZone:Signature

StampZone:Sticker

RunningTitleZone

MainZone:List

MainZone:Form

MarginTextZone:Notes
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /></figure>

Ground truth

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>

Prediction

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>

Ground truth

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /></figure>

Prediction

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /></figure>

Nr. 158

INSERT FOR "AUSCHWITZ" by Renate Fasker Allais on top of page 1

Bald nach "einn des Krieges wurde ich, wie alle Juden, die
su dieser Zeit noch in "Deutschland waren, zum Arbeitsdienst sin-
gesogen. Erst zur Mollabfuhr und nachhalt in die Fascherfabrik von
Sacrau, wo ausser uns Juden französesche und polnische Kriegs-
gefangene arbeiteten. Durch meine französeschen Sprachkenntnisse
kam ich bald in nacheren Kontakt mit den Frensosen, die mich
mit einer Organisation bekanntmachten, deren Aufgabe es war, fran-
zösesischen Kriegagefangenen zur Flucht in ihre Haemat zu verhel-
fen. Ich schloss mich dieser "Organisation an und arbeitete mit
ihnen bis zu meiner Verhaftung. Nach Kriegsende wurde ich von
der französeschen Regierung fuer meine Arbeit mit der "Medaille
de la reconnaissance Francaise" ausgezeichnet.

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

Nr. 158

INSERT FOR "AUSCHWITZ" by Renate Fasker Allais on top of page 1

Bald nach "einn des Krieges wurde ich, wie alle Juden, die
su dieser Zeit noch in "Deutschland waren, zum Arbeitsdienst sin-
gesogen. Erst zur Mollabfuhr und nachhalt in die Fascherfabrik von
Sacrau, wo ausser uns Juden französesche und polnische Kriegs-
gefangene arbeiteten. Durch meine französeschen Sprachkenntnisse
kam ich bald in nacheren Kontakt mit den Frensosen, die mich
mit einer Organisation bekanntmachten, deren Aufgabe es war, fran-
zösesischen Kriegagefangenen zur Flucht in ihre Haemat zu verhel-
fen. Ich schloss mich dieser "Organisation an und arbeitete mit
ihnen bis zu meiner Verhaftung. Nach Kriegsende wurde ich von
der französeschen Regierung fuer meine Arbeit mit der "Medaille
de la reconnaissance Francaise" ausgezeichnet.

Ground truth

Prediction

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_24.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

Nr. 158

INSERT FOR "AUSCHWITZ" by Renate Fasker Allais on top of page 1

Bald nach "eginn des Krieges wurde ich, wie alle Juden, die
sich dieser Zeit noch in "deutschland waren, zum Arbeitsdienst ein-
gesogen. Erst zur Maßlabfuhr und nachhalt in die Felslerfabrik von
Sacrau, wo ausser uns Juden französesche und polnische Kriegs-
gefangene arbeiteten. Durch meine französeschen Sprachkenntnisse
kam ich bald in nacheren Kontakt mit den Frensosen, die mich
mit einer Organisation bekanntmachten, deren Aufgabe es war, fran-
zösesischen Kriegagefangenen zur Flucht in ihre Haemat zu verhel-
fen. Ich schloss mich dieser "organisation an und arbeitete mit
ihnen bis zu meiner Verhaftung. Nach Kriegsende wurde ich von
der französeschen Regierung fuer meine Arbeit mit der "Medaille
de la reconnaissance Francaise" ausgezeichnet.

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

Nr. 158

INSERT FOR "AUSCHWITZ" by Renate Fasker Allais on top of page 1

Bald nach "eginn des Krieges wurde ich, wie alle Juden, die
sich dieser Zeit noch in "deutschland waren, zum Arbeitsdienst ein-
gesogen. Erst zur Maßlabfuhr und nachhalt in die Felslerfabrik von
Sacrau, wo ausser uns Juden französesche und polnische Kriegs-
gefangene arbeiteten. Durch meine französeschen Sprachkenntnisse
kam ich bald in nacheren Kontakt mit den Frensosen, die mich
mit einer Organisation bekanntmachten, deren Aufgabe es war, fran-
zösesischen Kriegagefangenen zur Flucht in ihre Haemat zu verhel-
fen. Ich schloss mich dieser "organisation an und arbeitete mit
ihnen bis zu meiner Verhaftung. Nach Kriegsende wurde ich von
der französeschen Regierung fuer meine Arbeit mit der "Medaille
de la reconnaissance Francaise" ausgezeichnet.

Ground truth

Prediction

<figure><img src="image_24.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>
# Semi-automatic encoding with layout analysis

- 3 -

Wien, März 1939

Liebe Tante,

Ich endete Dir einen Brief von meiner Tante. Habe ich jetzt immer bei Frau F., bis die Tante nach Haus kommt.

Viele Büsserl von Lenz.

Mein liebste gutes Tantchen,

Aus den Gefängnissen, März 1939

Gestern war mein Lebenchen bei mir und hat mir eingestanden,
dass sie Dir die ganze Wahrheit geschriften hat. Liebe Tante, wirkt Du
jetzt schlecht von mir diesem? Ich wusste nicht, ob Lenz Dir alles genau
gedreien hat, ich kann hier nicht soviel mit ihr sprechen. Man hat
eine alles vorgeschrieben, wir sind nur mit dem, was wir am zweite gehabt
du gestanden, ich habe es in der Auftragung eingereiht sorgt, die ich
nicht hätte taten sollen, und seelisch bin ich sich 3 Monate hopp. Denke
dasewegen nicht schlecht von mir. Schau liebste Tante! Der Bruder war
doch auch vorzugsweise 13 Wochen hier, wo ich bis now Du doch
und derselben war er auch nicht schlecht. Ich dannke Dir viel tausendmal
für die schonen Söhnen, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so minste ich immer in
meinen Kield herumgeben. Sie passen mir sehr gut, mar die Shuhe sind mir
mu ich nicht tragen. Du kannst mich vorstellen, wie ich mich gefroßt habe mit den Bachen und hauptachlich, weil sie von
Dir sind.

Dir gebe ich an, ich nicht gedacht, Sei mir nicht blue, dass Lenz
die Wahrheit zu schreiben. Bitte schreiben der Tante Porta nichts davon.
Wenn ich auch blieb, so vertrauen ich dir hoffe, dass
die ich troten nicht und ich hoffe, dass
die ich in kurz Zeit bei meinen geliebten Bäumen sein würde. Lenz ist ein
gutes Kind, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so wuro ich ganz verlassen. Ich
soll dir nur mein vermeinliches gelobtes Kind sein wuro. Lenz ist ein
gutes Kind, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so wuro ich ganz verlassen. Ich
soll dir nur mein vermeinliches gelobtes Kind sein wuro. Lenz ist ein
gutes Kind, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so wuro ich ganz verlassen. Ich
soll dir nur mein vermeinliches gelobtes Kind sein wuro. Lenz ist ein
Lenz, April 1939

Grüße Deinen Mann und Tochter und Tante barablich.

Ich endete Dir eine Aufnahme von mir, sie ist von hier und ist nicht gut.
Den Brief gabe ich Lenz mit. Hoffentlich kann er gut an. Bitte nochmal,
sage der Tante Porta nichts nichts davon.

Wien, April 1939

Liebste Tanteinle,

Habe Deinen Brief erhalten. Das Packet habe ich noch nicht, aber
das duerte immer länger. Ich werde Dir gleich schreiben, wenn es
Diesehe Mal war es nicht möglich, einen Brief von Tante Martha bei dem
Briefe empfangen. Liebe Tanteinle, Du schreibenst, wir sollen Gottvertrumen
haben. Ich glaube nicht an Gott, Farum hat er uns so getraut. Ich kann
Dir nicht schliessen, was wir mitgemacht haben. Mir hat Gott meine lieben

EHRI-ET-WL1375B310

- 3 -

Wien, März 1939

Liebe Tanteinle,

Ich bin nicht mehr an der Stelle, wie ich an der Stelle war. Ich
fuerst bei Frau F., bis die Tante nach Haus kommt.

Viele Büsserl von Lenz.

Mein liebste gutes Tantchen,

Aus den Gefängnissen, März 1939

Gestern war mein Lebenchen bei mir und hat mir eingestanden,
dass sie Dir die ganze Wahrheit geschriften hat. Liebe Tante, wirkt Du
jetzt schlecht von mir diesem? Ich wusste nicht, ob Lenz Dir alles genau
gedreien hat, ich kann hier nicht soviel mit ihr sprechen. Man hat
eine alles vorgeschrieben, wir sind nur mit dem, was wir am zweite gehabt
du gestanden, ich habe es in der Auftragung eingereiht sorgt, die ich
nicht hätte taten sollen, und seelisch bin ich sich 3 Monate hopp. Denke
dasewegen nicht schlecht von mir. Schau liebste Tante! Der Bruder war
doch auch vorzugsweise 13 Wochen hier, wo ich bis now Du doch
und derselben war er auch nicht schlecht. Ich dannke Dir viel tausendmal
für die schonen Söhnen, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so minste ich immer in
meinen Kield herumgeben. Sie passen mir sehr gut, mar die Shuhe sind mir
mu ich nicht gefroßt habe mit den Bachen und hauptachlich, weil sie von
Dir sind.

Dir gebe ich an, ich nicht gedacht, Sei mir nicht blue, dass Lenz
die Wahrheit zu schreiben. Bitte schreiben der Tante Porta nichts davon.
Wenn ich auch blieb, so vertrauen ich dir hoffe, dass
die ich troten nicht und ich hoffe, dass
die ich in kurz Zeit bei meinen geliebten Bäumen sein würde. Lenz ist ein
gutes Kind, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so wuro ich ganz verlassen. Ich
soll dir nur mein vermeinliches gelobtes Kind sein wuro. Lenz ist ein
gutes Kind, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so wuro ich ganz verlassen. Ich
soll dir nur mein vermeinliches gelobtes Kind sein wuro. Lenz ist ein
gutes Kind, wenn ich sie nicht hätte, so wuro ich ganz verlassen. Ich
soll dir nur mein vermeinliches gelobtes Kind sein wuro. Lenz ist ein
Lenz, April 1939

Grüße Deinen Mann und Tochter und Tante barablich.

Ich endete Dir eine Aufnahme von mir, sie ist von hier und ist nicht gut.
Den Brief gabe ich Lenz mit. Hoffentlich kann er gut an. Bitte nochmal,
sage der Tante Porta nichts nichts davon.

Wien, April 1939

Liebste Tanteinle,

Habe Deinen Brief erhalten. Das Packet habe ich noch nicht, aber
das duerte immer länger. Ich werde Dir gleich schreiben, wenn es
Diesehe Mal war es nicht möglich, einen Brief von Tante Martha bei dem
Briefe empfangen. Liebe Tanteinle, Du schreibenst, wir sollen Gottvertrumen
haben. Ich glaube nicht an Gott, Farum hat er uns so getraut. Ich kann
Dir nicht schliessen, was wir mitgemacht haben. Mir hat Gott meine lieben

DLA

Automatic text
recognition on
segmented
components

Transformation of
combined DLA and
text recognition
outputs into <TEI>
ENRICHING THE TRANSCRIPTIONS
SEMI-AUTOMATICALLY

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>
ENRICHING THE TRANSCRIPTIONS
SEMI-AUTOMATICALLY

<figure><img src="image_26.png" /></figure>
☐ XML **standard** for encoding textual documents

☐ Sustained by the **TEI Consortium** and improved by the involvement of its community

<figure><img src="image_26.png" /></figure>

☐ **Semantic encoding** of the text (e.g. useful for **disambiguation tasks**)

<placeName type="city">Warsaw</placeName>
<placeName type="ghetto">Warsaw</placeName>

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

Text Encoding Initiative

☐ **TEI Guidelines** = **recommendations**

☐ **EHRI ODD** = **customization of the TEI for Holocaust testimonies**

☐ Contains both **specifications** and **documentation**

☐ **Framework** for the encoders
☐ XML **standard** for encoding textual documents

☐ Sustained by the **TEI Consortium** and improved by the involvement of its community

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

☐ **Semantic encoding** of the text (e.g. useful for **disambiguation tasks**)

<placeName type="city">Warsaw</placeName>
<placeName type="ghetto">Warsaw</placeName>

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>

Text Encoding Initiative

☐ **TEI Guidelines** = **recommendations**

☐ **EHRI ODD** = **customization of the TEI for Holocaust testimonies**

☐ Contains both **specifications** and **documentation**

☐ **Framework** for the encoders
# Homogenizing the encoding

- **English** = main language for **metadata** encoding

- ISO norms for **data reusability**

- ISO 639 for language codes → [lana Language Subtag Registry](https://www.w3.org/1996/03/lana-language-subtag-registry)

- ISO 3166 for representing the **names of countries** → `<country key="DE">Germany</country>`

- ISO 8601 for **dates** → `<date when-iso="YYYY-MM-DD" />`

- Integration of the **EHRI controlled vocabulary** on the [EHRI Portal](https://ehri.org/)

- **Avoid encoding mistakes** generated by manual encoding

- `@type="subject"`

- `@type="subject"`
# Homogenizing the encoding

* **English** = main language for **metadata** encoding

* ISO norms for **data reusability**

* ISO 639 for language codes → [lana Language Subtag Registry](https://www.w3.org/1996/03/lana-language-subtag-registry)

* ISO 3166 for representing the **names of countries** → `<country key="DE">Germany</country>`

* ISO 8601 for **dates** → `<date when-iso="YYYY-MM-DD" />`

* Integration of the **EHRI controlled vocabulary** on the [EHRI Portal](https://ehri.org/)

* Avoid **encoding mistakes** generated by manual encoding

* `@type="subject"`

* `@type="subject"`
# Automating parts of the encoding

## Ready-to-use templates for an encoding by hand

* Use of the **recurrent metadata** present in the EHRI Online Editions

* **Templates** for the files and the indexes

## Python scripts for a semi-automated encoding

* Created along the model of **this script** and **this script**

* Use of **punctuations, lines and recurrent elements** to encode part of the document such as the structure, the keywords, etc.

* **Script** already done to **update** the online editions already created
# Automating parts of the encoding

## Ready-to-use templates for an encoding by hand

* Use of the **recurrent metadata** present in the EHRI Online Editions

* **Templates** for the files and the indexes

## Python scripts for a semi-automated encoding

* Created along the model of **this script** and **this script**

* Use of **punctuations, lines and recurrent elements** to encode part of the document such as the structure, the keywords, etc.

* **Script** already done to **update** the online editions already created
PROPOSING A CENTRALIZED
INTERFACE FOR FUTURE
HOLOCAUST-RELATED EDITIONS

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>
PROPOSING A CENTRALIZED
INTERFACE FOR FUTURE
HOLOCAUST-RELATED EDITIONS

<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>
* a platform based on eXist-db, a database management system based on XML technology

* an **easy-to-use tool** to publish TEI XML files or other types of XML

* a **prêt-à-porter application** customizable with few tweaks
* a platform based on eXist-db, a database management system based on XML technology

* an **easy-to-use tool** to publish TEI XML files or other types of XML

* a **prêt-à-porter application** customizable with few tweaks
# The EHRI TEI Publisher application

* Generation of a **TEI Publisher application** dedicated to the EHRI editions

* Retrieval of the **concept and themes** of the websites already existing

* Addition of the **homogenized XML files**

* Creation of **XML indexes** containing the information of all **named entities from the editions**
# The EHRI TEI Publisher application

* Generation of a **TEI Publisher application** dedicated to the EHRI editions

* Retrieval of the **concept and themes** of the websites already existing

* Addition of the **homogenized XML files**

* Creation of **XML indexes** containing the information of all **named entities from the editions**
# The EHRI TEI Publisher application

## Perks of the EHRI TEI Publisher application

* **Centralization** of information

* All the collections are in the **same place**

* Display of the text, image, map, and even named entities information at the **same level**

* Easier **accessibility** of the whole content

* Several **filter options** available to look through a collection
# The EHRI TEI Publisher application

## Perks of the EHRI TEI Publisher application

* **Centralization** of information

* All the collections are in the **same place**

* Display of the text, image, map, and even named entities information at the **same level**

* Easier **accessibility** of the whole content

* Several **filter options** available to look through a collection
<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>

EHRI Online Editions

Trier par

Titre

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Titre

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Q Filtrer

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

Bordered Escape

This edition gathers documents testifying of the increasingly restrictive refugee policy in Czechoslovakia, following the
*Anschluss.

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

Early Holocaust Testimonies

This edition gathers accounts of the persecution of Jews from the Nazi takeover of power in Germany (1933) to the Eichmann Trial (1961).

<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>

Diplomatic Reports

This edition gathers reports on the persecution and murder of European Jews.

<figure><img src="image_37.png" /></figure>

Nisko Deportations

This edition gathers documents on the deportation of thousands of Jews to Nisko am San (Poland).

<figure><img src="image_38.png" /></figure>

Documentation Campaign

This edition gathers documents on the deportation of thousands of Jews to Nisko am San (Poland).

TEI Publisher 0.1 / web components 2.19.0 / API 1.0.0

This application was developed as part of the EHRI project with the help of TEI Publisher.

<figure><img src="image_39.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_40.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_41.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_42.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_30.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

EHRI Online Editions

Trier par

Titre

Filtrer selon

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>

Titre

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

Q Filtrer

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

Bordered Escape

This edition gathers documents testifying of the increasingly restrictive refugee policy in Czechoslovakia, following the *Anschluss*.

<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>

Early Holocaust Testimonies

This edition gathers accounts of the persecution of Jews from the Nazi takeover of power in Germany (1933) to the Eichmann Trial (1961).

<figure><img src="image_37.png" /></figure>

Diplomatic Reports

This edition gathers reports on the persecution and murder of European Jews.

<figure><img src="image_38.png" /></figure>

Nisko Deportations

This edition gathers documents on the deportation of thousands of Jews to Nisko am San (Poland).

<figure><img src="image_39.png" /></figure>

Documentation Campaign

This edition gathers documents on the deportation of thousands of Jews to Nisko am San (Poland).

TEI Publisher 0.1 / web components 2.19.0 / API 1.0.0

This application was developed as part of the EHRI project with the help of TEI Publisher.

<figure><img src="image_40.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_41.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_42.png" /></figure>

e// Powered by
editiones
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<figure><img src="image_44.png" /></figure>

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<figure><img src="image_47.png" /></figure>

ALLER AU PARENT

A female social activist, on the first months of German occupation of Łódź
Une militante sociale, sur les premiers mois de l'occupation allemande de Łódź

A long, very detailed report by a 38-year-old female social activist about the situation of Jews in Łódź (and surrounding towns) in the first months under German occupation. She left Łódź on December 30, 1939.

<figure><img src="image_48.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas
Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs

Testimony of a fifteen-year-old youth, recorded on 15 November 1939 and describing the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas. Y. M. Sh. describes refugees, including many Jewish refugees, who fled from occupied areas into the village and tried to escape the advance of German troops. S/he also describes the relationship of non-Jewish and Jewish Poles and the attempts to observe the Sabbath in the midst of the family's escape. The eyewitness describes cruelties inflicted on Jews by German troops and the mass murder of Jews during the fighting.

<figure><img src="image_49.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

A. K., male, on his labour service in the Hungarian army and his time as a POW of the Soviet Army
A. K., homme, sur son service de travail dans l'armée hongroise et son temps comme prisonnier de guerre de l'armée soviétique

Testimony of 31-year-old Dr. A.K. on his hardships as a labor serviceman in the Hungarian Army on the Eastern front in 1942/43, where he deserted along with 41 comrades and joined the partisans.

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☐ Berthold Burg 1

<figure><img src="image_52.png" /></figure>

☐ Dwojra Szczucińska 1

<figure><img src="image_53.png" /></figure>

☐ Fischer Schaechter 1

<figure><img src="image_54.png" /></figure>

☐ Isaak Berner 1

<figure><img src="image_55.png" /></figure>

☐ Leon Perelsztejn 1

Language

<figure><img src="image_56.png" /></figure>

Montrer les 50 premiers

<figure><img src="image_57.png" /></figure>

☐ Czech 15

<figure><img src="image_58.png" /></figure>

☐ English 15

<figure><img src="image_59.png" /></figure>

☐ German 26

<figure><img src="image_60.png" /></figure>

☐ Hungarian 20

<figure><img src="image_61.png" /></figure>

☐ Yiddish 36

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<figure><img src="image_63.png" /></figure>

☐ 1939 7

<figure><img src="image_64.png" /></figure>

☐ 1940 7

<figure><img src="image_65.png" /></figure>

☐ 1944 5

<figure><img src="image_66.png" /></figure>

☐ 1945 50

<figure><img src="image_67.png" /></figure>

☐ 1946 11

Conservation site

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2

3

4

5

<figure><img src="image_49.png" /></figure>

125 résultats

<figure><img src="image_50.png" /></figure>

ALLER AU PARENT

A female social activist, on the first months of German occupation of Łódź
Une militante sociale, sur les premiers mois de l'occupation allemande de Łódź

A long, very detailed report by a 38-year-old female social activist about the situation of Jews in Łódź (and surrounding towns) in the first months under German occupation. She left Łódź on December 30, 1939.

<figure><img src="image_51.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas
Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs

Testimony of a fifteen-year-old youth, recorded on 15 November 1939 and describing the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas. Y. M. Sh. describes refugees, including many Jewish refugees, who fled from occupied areas into the village and tried to escape the advance of German troops. S/he also describes the relationship of non-Jewish and Jewish Poles and the attempts to observe the Sabbath in the midst of the family's escape. The eyewitness describes cruelties inflicted on Jews by German troops and the mass murder of Jews during the fighting.

<figure><img src="image_52.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

A. K., male, on his labour service in the Hungarian army and his time as a POW of the Soviet Army
A. K., homme, sur son service de travail dans l'armée hongroise et son temps comme prisonnier de guerre de l'armée soviétique

Testimony of 31-year-old Dr. A.K. on his hardships as a labor serviceman in the Hungarian Army on the Eastern front in 1942/43, where he deserted along with 41 comrades and joined the partisans.

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From

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<figure><img src="image_54.png" /></figure>

Berthold Burg

1

<figure><img src="image_55.png" /></figure>

Dwojra Szczucińska

1

<figure><img src="image_56.png" /></figure>

Fischer Schaechter

1

<figure><img src="image_57.png" /></figure>

Isaak Berner

1

<figure><img src="image_58.png" /></figure>

Leon Perelsztejn

1

Language

<figure><img src="image_59.png" /></figure>

Montrer les 50 premiers

<figure><img src="image_60.png" /></figure>

Czech

15

<figure><img src="image_61.png" /></figure>

English

15

<figure><img src="image_62.png" /></figure>

German

26

<figure><img src="image_63.png" /></figure>

Hungarian

20

<figure><img src="image_64.png" /></figure>

Yiddish

36

Date

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Montrer les 50 premiers

<figure><img src="image_66.png" /></figure>

1939

7

<figure><img src="image_67.png" /></figure>

1940

7

<figure><img src="image_68.png" /></figure>

1944

5

<figure><img src="image_69.png" /></figure>

1945

50

<figure><img src="image_70.png" /></figure>

1946

11

Conservation site

<figure><img src="image_71.png" /></figure>

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> |

3 résultats

<figure><img src="image_74.png" /></figure>

ALLER AU PARENT

A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas
Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs

Testimony of a fifteen-year-old youth, recorded on 15 November 1939 and describing the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas. Y. M. Sh. describes refugees, including many Jewish refugees, who fled from occupied areas into the village and tried to escape the advance of German troops. S/he also describes the relationship of non-Jewish and Jewish Poles and the attempts to observe the Sabbath in the midst of the family's escape. The eyewitness describes cruelties inflicted on Jews by German troops and the mass murder of Jews during the fighting.

<figure><img src="image_75.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

Leyb Blumberg, in hiding in Warsaw then escape to Vilnius in October 1939
Leyb Blumberg, caché à Varsovie puis évadé à Vilnius en octobre 1939

Brief testimony of Leyb Blumberg, recorded on 16 November 1939 and describing his flight from Warsaw to Vilnius in October 1939, during which he and his fellow travelers were not bothered by German troops. They reached Vilnius without difficulty.

<figure><img src="image_76.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

Shloyme Perkal, on bombings of Międzyrzec Podlaski, and movement of Jewish refugees toward Chełm and Piaski
Shloyme Perkal, sur les bombardements de Międzyrzec Podlaski et le mouvement de réfugiés juifs vers Chełm et Piaski

Testimony of Shloyme Perkal, recorded on 12 November 1939 and describing his experiences in Międzyrzec Podlaski at the time of the German invasion of

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Language

<figure><img src="image_77.png" /></figure>

Yiddish

3

Date

<figure><img src="image_78.png" /></figure>

1939

3

<figure><img src="image_79.png" /></figure>

11

3

<figure><img src="image_80.png" /></figure>

12

1

<figure><img src="image_81.png" /></figure>

15

1

<figure><img src="image_82.png" /></figure>

16

1

Conservation site

<figure><img src="image_83.png" /></figure>

The Wiener Library for the Study of the
Holocaust and Genocide

3

Place

<figure><img src="image_84.png" /></figure>

Bialystok

1

<figure><img src="image_85.png" /></figure>

Międzyrzec

1

<figure><img src="image_86.png" /></figure>

Przasnysz

1
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>1

3 résultats

<figure><img src="image_77.png" /></figure>

ALLER AU PARENT

A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas
Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs

Testimony of a fifteen-year-old youth, recorded on 15 November 1939 and describing the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas. Y. M. Sh. describes refugees, including many Jewish refugees, who fled from occupied areas into the village and tried to escape the advance of German troops. S/he also describes the relationship of non-Jewish and Jewish Poles and the attempts to observe the Sabbath in the midst of the family's escape. The eyewitness describes cruelties inflicted on Jews by German troops and the mass murder of Jews during the fighting.

<figure><img src="image_78.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

Leyb Blumberg, in hiding in Warsaw then escape to Vilnius in October 1939
Leyb Blumberg, caché à Varsovie puis évadé à Vilnius en octobre 1939

Brief testimony of Leyb Blumberg, recorded on 16 November 1939 and describing his flight from Warsaw to Vilnius in October 1939, during which he and his fellow travelers were not bothered by German troops. They reached Vilnius without difficulty.

<figure><img src="image_79.png" /></figure>

TÉLÉCHARGER

Shloyme Perkal, on bombings of Międzyrzec Podlaski, and movement of Jewish refugees toward Chełm and Piąsk
Shloyme Perkal, sur les bombardements de Międzyrzec Podlaski et le mouvement de réfugiés juifs vers Chełm et Piąsk

Testimony of Shloyme Perkal, recorded on 12 November 1939 and describing his experiences in Międzyrzec Podlaski at the time of the German invasion of

Filters

Language

<figure><img src="image_80.png" /></figure>

Yiddish

3

Date

<figure><img src="image_81.png" /></figure>

1939

3

<figure><img src="image_82.png" /></figure>

11

3

<figure><img src="image_83.png" /></figure>

12

1

<figure><img src="image_84.png" /></figure>

15

1

<figure><img src="image_85.png" /></figure>

16

1

Conservation site

<figure><img src="image_86.png" /></figure>

The Wiener Library for the Study of the
Holocaust and Genocide

3

Place

<figure><img src="image_87.png" /></figure>

Bialystok

1

<figure><img src="image_88.png" /></figure>

Międzyrzec

1

<figure><img src="image_89.png" /></figure>

Przasnysz

1
<figure><img src="image_87.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_88.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_89.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_90.png" /></figure>

TABLE OF CONTENTS

<figure><img src="image_91.png" /></figure>

METADATA

<figure><img src="image_92.png" /></figure>

DISPLAY

<figure><img src="image_93.png" /></figure>

CITATION

<figure><img src="image_94.png" /></figure>

LICENCE

<figure><img src="image_95.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_96.png" /></figure>

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Original version

קאָמִיטעַט צו זאַמלען מאָטעריאַלן

וועגן ייִדישן חורבן אין פֿוילן 1939

י.מ.ש.

ווישקאוֹ

יאָר אָלט, בַּיַּ די עַלטערן 18

פּראָטאָקאָל נומער 3

(צּוּנֹפֶק געַטעלט דעם 15טן נָוַועמבער 1939)

אָרәָפָלәָנען אין גרויסע צאָלן האָבן אָגעהוּבַן פָּליען איבער אונדזער שטאָט נאָך דעם ערשטן סעפטעמבער 1939.

צומאָרגנס האָבן ידֹך בַּיַּ אונדז באַוויזן פליטים פון אָטסטראָלענקע, פּרוּסינץ. זיי האָבן איבערגעבן, אַז ס'שִיסן שׁוין דאָרט האָרֹמַאַטן. די פליטים זענען געקומען מיט אָוּטָאָם, אוּטָאָבוסן און פֿורלעך – געקומען זענען בלויז ייִדזן.

שבת צו נאַכטס נאָך מעריב האָבן די אָרәָפָלәָנען צום ערשטן מאָל געוואָרפּט באַמבעס, וועלכע זענען אָריטגעפֹּאַפֿן אין בוג

זונטאָג, דעם דריטן סעפטעמבער, אין דער פֿרי האָט ידֹך הינטער אונדזער שטאָט, אין

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CITATION

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LICENCE

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קאָמִיטעַט צו זאַמלען מאָטעריאַלן

וועגן ייִדישן חורבן אין פֿוילן 1939

י.מ.ש.

ווישקאָו

יאָר אָלט, בַּיַּ די עַלטערן 18

פּראָטאָקאָל נומער 3

(צּוּנֹפֶק געַטעלט דעם 15טן נָוַועמבער 1939)

אָרֶאֱפָלָנען אין גרויסע צאָלן האָבן אָגעהוּבַן פָּליען איבער אונדזער שטאָט נאָך דעם ערשטן סעפטעמבער 1939.

צומאָרגנס האָבן ידִי בַּיַּ אונדז באַוויזן פליטים פון אָטסטראָלענקע, פּרוּסינץ. זיי האָבן איבערגעבן, אַז ס'שִיסן שׁוין דאָרט האָרֶט. די פליטים זענען געקומען מיט אָוּטָס, אוּטָאָבוסן און פֿורלעך – געקומען זענען בלויז ייִדז.

שבת צו נאַכטס נאָך מעריב האָבן די אָרֶאֱפָלָנען צום ערשטן מאָל געוואָרפּט באַמבעס, וועלכע זענען אַרִיטגעפֹּאַפֿן אין בוג

זונטאָג, דעם דריטן סעפטעמבער, אין דער פֿרי האָט ידִי הינטער אונדזער שטאָט, אין

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Committee to Collect Material
about the Destruction of Polish Jewry 1939

Y. M. Sh.

Wyszków

Age: 15 years; living with his parents

Testimony number 3

(recorded on the 15th of November, 1939)

A lot of airplanes started to fly over our town after the 1st of September 1939.

The next day we saw refugees from Ostrołeka and Przasnysz. They reported that cannons were shooting there already. The refugees came by car, bus and horse and wagon; all of them were Jews.

On Saturday evening, after the evening prayers, airplanes dropped bombs for the first time. They fell in the river Bug.

On Sunday, the 3rd of September in the morning, a German airplane

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Committee to Collect Material
about the Destruction of Polish Jewry 1939

Y. M. Sh.

Wyszków

Age: 15 years; living with his parents

Testimony number 3

(recorded on the 15th of November, 1939)

A lot of airplanes started to fly over our town after the 1st of September 1939.

The next day we saw refugees from Ostrołeka and Przasnysz. They reported that cannons were shooting there already. The refugees came by car, bus and horse and wagon; all of them were Jews.

On Saturday evening, after the evening prayers, airplanes dropped bombs for the first time. They fell in the river Bug.

On Sunday, the 3rd of September in the morning, a German airplane

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Metadata

Title

A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas

Time and place of writing

15.11.1939

Collection history

* Collection : Persecution of Jews in Poland: reports and statements, microfilm (coll. 532)

* Institution : The Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide

Encoding

* Project :

ounding areas — Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs

d his three small children. A rescued.

planes. Other escaped in the way.

eparently they disappeared the 11 Jews was very good. People

undressed for the night. We fled to run to the village of some Germans were living, would happen in a place where

escape to Sieczych, because in

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Metadata

Title

A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German
invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas

Time and place of writing

15.11.1939

Collection history

* Collection : Persecution of Jews in Poland: reports and statements, microfilm (coll. 532)

* Institution : The Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide

Encoding

* Project :

ounding areas — Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs

d his three small children. A
rescued.

planes. Other escaped in the
way.

eparently they disappeared the
11 Jews was very good. People

undressed for the night. We
died to run to the village of
some Germans were living,
would happen in a place where

escape to Sieczych, because in

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<figure><img src="image_138.png" /><figcaption>A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas — Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs</figcaption></figure>

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<figure><img src="image_138.png" /><figcaption>A fifteen-year-old youth, on the German invasion of Wyszków and surrounding areas — Un jeune de quinze ans, sur l'invasion allemande de Wyszków et des environs</figcaption></figure>

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## History of archival collections of Early Holocaust Testimonies

* The Ball-Kaduri Testimony Collection (Yad Vashem)

* Documentation Campaign in Prague

* Testimonies Collection in the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw

* The Koniuchowsky Testimony Collection (Yad Vashem)

* National Committee for Attending Deportees (DEGOB, Hungary)

* The Wiener Library and its Eyewitness Accounts

* The Central Historical Commission of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Zone in Munich - Testimonies Collected in DP Camps (Yad Vashem)

## History of archival collections of Early Holocaust Testimonies

### The Ball-Kaduri Testimony Collection (Yad Vashem)

Dr. Kurt Ball-Kaduri was born in Berlin in 1891. A lawyer and legal adviser to the Prussian government, he was also active in Jewish affairs. He made Aliyah to Eretz Israel in December 1938.

Ball-Kaduri, who was active in collecting material and writing about German Jewry, became aware that much material that reached the archives regarding Jewish life in Germany from 1933 to 1945 was incomplete and that there were large information gaps.

He decided to gather testimonies of people involved in Jewish life and the activities of Jewish organizations. In 1943, Ball-Kaduri began to collect the information and actually established his collection. He contacted various people in Eretz Israel whom he knew, asking them to write their recollections and interviewing some of them himself. In 1955 he handed the collection over to Yad Vashem while continuing to collect related documentation for Yad Vashem until 1960.

The collection includes testimonies of Jewish leaders in various areas of Jewish life in Germany. Although it includes significant documentation regarding the fate of individual victims of the Holocaust, the main emphasis of the Record Group is on the different Jewish organizations.

There are over 300 files in the record group. Most of the collection is written in German and about half of the testimonies have been translated into Hebrew.

### Documentation Campaign in Prague

The Jewish Museum in Prague, whose history is intrinsically intertwined with the persecution of Bohemian and Moravian Jews, has been collecting archival sources relating to the persecution and genocide of Jews in the Czech lands since the end of WWII. It holds various types of materials, including interviews with and witness accounts of Shoah survivors.

The testimonies presented within the EHRI online edition were gathered mainly in the framework of the so-called "documentation campaign" (Dokumentační akce). This was one of the earliest postwar projects to document the events of the Shoah, collecting evidence, documents, and witness testimonies. The founder and a driving force behind the campaign was Zeev Scheck, a prewar Zionist and survivor of Theresienstadt and Auschwitz, who emigrated Palestine in 1946 to. He later worked as an Israeli diplomat and was an initiator of the Association of Theresienstadt Prisoners which built the Beit Theresienstadt archive and museum.

Taking inspiration from his wartime clandestine documentation in Theresienstadt and from a visit to Budapest after liberation, Scheck and a few of his former fellow prisoners initiated a Czechoslovak Jewish documentation effort. Scheck was thereby continuing the clandestine collection of documents in the Theresienstadt ghetto in which he and a group of Zionist youth activists had been involved. After liberation, Scheck's partner and future wife transferred his Theresienstadt collection to Prague, later moving it to Palestine. Today it forms the basis of the Theresienstadt documentation in the Yad Vashem Archives.
<figure><img src="image_140.png" /></figure>

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## History of archival collections of Early Holocaust Testimonies

* The Ball-Kaduri Testimony Collection (Yad Vashem)

* Documentation Campaign in Prague

* Testimonies Collection in the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw

* The Koniuchowsky Testimony Collection (Yad Vashem)

* National Committee for Attending Deportees (DEGOB, Hungary)

* The Wiener Library and its Eyewitness Accounts

* The Central Historical Commission of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Zone in Munich - Testimonies Collected in DP Camps (Yad Vashem)

## History of archival collections of Early Holocaust Testimonies

### The Ball-Kaduri Testimony Collection (Yad Vashem)

Dr. Kurt Ball-Kaduri was born in Berlin in 1891. A lawyer and legal adviser to the Prussian government, he was also active in Jewish affairs. He made Aliyah to Eretz Israel in December 1938.

Ball-Kaduri, who was active in collecting material and writing about German Jewry, became aware that much material that reached the archives regarding Jewish life in Germany from 1933 to 1945 was incomplete and that there were large information gaps.

He decided to gather testimonies of people involved in Jewish life and the activities of Jewish organizations. In 1943, Ball-Kaduri began to collect the information and actually established his collection. He contacted various people in Eretz Israel whom he knew, asking them to write their recollections and interviewing some of them himself. In 1955 he handed the collection over to Yad Vashem while continuing to collect related documentation for Yad Vashem until 1960.

The collection includes testimonies of Jewish leaders in various areas of Jewish life in Germany. Although it includes significant documentation regarding the fate of individual victims of the Holocaust, the main emphasis of the Record Group is on the different Jewish organizations.

There are over 300 files in the record group. Most of the collection is written in German and about half of the testimonies have been translated into Hebrew.

### Documentation Campaign in Prague

The Jewish Museum in Prague, whose history is intrinsically intertwined with the persecution of Bohemian and Moravian Jews, has been collecting archival sources relating to the persecution and genocide of Jews in the Czech lands since the end of WWII. It holds various types of materials, including interviews with and witness accounts of Shoah survivors.

The testimonies presented within the EHRI online edition were gathered mainly in the framework of the so-called "documentation campaign" (Dokumentační akce). This was one of the earliest postwar projects to document the events of the Shoah, collecting evidence, documents, and witness testimonies. The founder and a driving force behind the campaign was Zeev Scheck, a prewar Zionist and survivor of Theresienstadt and Auschwitz, who emigrated Palestine in 1946 to. He later worked as an Israeli diplomat and was an initiator of the Association of Theresienstadt Prisoners which built the Beit Theresienstadt archive and museum.

Taking inspiration from his wartime clandestine documentation in Theresienstadt and from a visit to Budapest after liberation, Scheck and a few of his former fellow prisoners initiated a Czechoslovak Jewish documentation effort. Scheck was thereby continuing the clandestine collection of documents in the Theresienstadt ghetto in which he and a group of Zionist youth activists had been involved. After liberation, Scheck's partner and future wife transferred his Theresienstadt collection to Prague, later moving it to Palestine. Today it forms the basis of the Theresienstadt documentation in the Yad Vashem Archives.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Conclusion

□ **Feedback** for the use of one or several of our solution

□ Layout analysis

□ **Sample** other EHRI Online Editions

□ **Annotate** more images

□ Have a **more balanced class representation**

□ **Apply DLA model** on new Holocaust-related documents to test the model's robustness on unseen data

□ Finishing the semi-automated encoding scripts

□ Possible **online launch** of the application
Conclusion

□ **Feedback** for the use of one or several of our solution

□ Layout analysis

□ **Sample** other EHRI Online Editions

□ **Annotate** more images

□ Have a **more balanced class representation**

□ **Apply DLA model** on new Holocaust-related documents to test the model's robustness on unseen data

□ Finishing the semi-automated encoding scripts

□ Possible **online launch** of the application
RESOURCES

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RESOURCES

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Web resources

☐ EHRI dataset for ATR: https://github.com/FloChiff/ehri-dataset/tree/main

☐ Presentation of the EHRI ATR dataset: https://flochiff.github.io/phd/dataset/ehri/dataset.html

☐ EHRI dataset for layout segmentation: https://universe.roboflow.com/ehri/ehri-ladas

☐ ODD EHRI: https://github.com/SarahBeniere/EHRI-Workflow/tree/main/ENCODING/Guidelines

☐ TEI Publisher: https://teipublisher.com/index.html

☐ eScriptorium: https://escriptorium.inria.fr/

☐ EHRI Online Editions: https://github.com/EHRI/ehri-online-editions
Web resources

☐ EHRI dataset for ATR: https://github.com/FloChiff/ehri-dataset/tree/main

☐ Presentation of the EHRI ATR dataset: https://flochiff.github.io/phd/dataset/ehri/dataset.html

☐ EHRI dataset for layout segmentation: https://universe.roboflow.com/ehri/ehri-ladas

☐ ODD EHRI: https://github.com/SarahBeniere/EHRI-Workflow/tree/main/ENCODING/Guidelines

☐ TEI Publisher: https://teipublisher.com/index.html

☐ eScriptorium: https://escriptorium.inria.fr/

☐ EHRI Online Editions: https://github.com/EHRI/ehri-online-editions
Bibliography

Bénière, S., Chiffoleau, F., & Romary, L. (2024). TEI Specifications for a Sustainable Management of Digitized Holocaust Testimonies.

*Proceedings of the First Workshop on Holocaust Testimonies as Language Resources (HTRes) @ LREC-COLING 2024*, pages 10–17, Torino, Italia. ELRA and ICCL. https://aclanthology.org/2024.htres-1.2/.

Chagué, A., Scheithauer, H., Terriel, L., Chiffoleau, F. & Tadjo-Takianpi, Y. (2022). Take a sip of TEI and relax: a proposition for an end-to-end workflow to enrich and publish data created with automatic text recognition. *Digital Humanities 2022 : Responding to Asian Diversity*, ADHO; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [hal-03739767](https://hal-03739767)

Chiffoleau, F. & Scheithauer, H. Leveraging (2024). EHRI Online Editions for training automated edition tools. *Workshop Natural Language Processing Meets Holocaust Archives*, EHRI-3, Prague, Czech Republic. [hal-04594084](https://hal-04594084)

Chiffoleau, F. & Scheithauer, H. (2022). From a collection of documents to a published edition : how to use an end-to-end publication pipeline. *TEI 2022 - Text Encoding Initiative 2022 Conference*, Newcastle, United Kingdom. [hal-03780316](https://hal-03780316)

Clérice, T. (2023). You Actually Look Twice At it (YALTAi): using an object detection approach instead of region segmentation within the Kraken engine. *Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities*, 2023. https://doi.org/10.46298/jdmdh.9806.

Clérice, T., Janès, J., Scheithauer, H., Bénière, S., Romary, L., & Sagot, B. (2024). *Layout Analysis Dataset with SegmOnto*. DH2024 - Annual conference of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations, Washington, D.C., United States. [hal-04513725](https://hal-04513725)

Gabay, S., Pinche, A., Christensen, K., & Camps, J.-B. (2023). SegmOnto: A Controlled Vocabulary to Describe and Process Digital Facsimiles. [hal-04343404](https://hal-04343404)
Bibliography

Bénière, S., Chiffoleau, F., & Romary, L. (2024). TEI Specifications for a Sustainable Management of Digitized Holocaust Testimonies.

*Proceedings of the First Workshop on Holocaust Testimonies as Language Resources (HTRes) @ LREC-COLING 2024*, pages 10–17, Torino, Italia. ELRA and ICCL. https://aclanthology.org/2024.htres-1.2/.

Chagué, A., Scheithauer, H., Terriel, L., Chiffoleau, F. & Tadjo-Takianpi, Y. (2022). Take a sip of TEI and relax: a proposition for an end-to-end workflow to enrich and publish data created with automatic text recognition. *Digital Humanities 2022 : Responding to Asian Diversity*, ADHO; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [hal-03739767](https://halshrd.cdn.scholar.cn/hal-03739767)

Chiffoleau, F. & Scheithauer, H. Leveraging (2024). EHRI Online Editions for training automated edition tools. *Workshop Natural Language Processing Meets Holocaust Archives*, EHRI-3, Prague, Czech Republic. [hal-04594084](https://halshrd.cdn.scholar.cn/hal-04594084)

Chiffoleau, F. & Scheithauer, H. (2022). From a collection of documents to a published edition : how to use an end-to-end publication pipeline. *TEI 2022 - Text Encoding Initiative 2022 Conference*, Newcastle, United Kingdom. [hal-03780316](https://halshrd.cdn.scholar.cn/hal-03780316)

Clérice, T. (2023). You Actually Look Twice At it (YALTAi): using an object detection approach instead of region segmentation within the Kraken engine. *Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities*, 2023. https://doi.org/10.46298/jdmdh.9806.

Clérice, T., Janès, J., Scheithauer, H., Bénière, S., Romary, L., & Sagot, B. (2024). *Layout Analysis Dataset with SegmOnto*. DH2024 - Annual conference of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations, Washington, D.C., United States. [hal-04513725](https://halshrd.cdn.scholar.cn/hal-04513725)

Gabay, S., Pinche, A., Christensen, K., & Camps, J.-B. (2023). SegmOnto: A Controlled Vocabulary to Describe and Process Digital Facsimiles. [hal-04343404](https://halshrd.cdn.scholar.cn/hal-04343404)
Thank you for your attention

Any questions ?

Contact :
floriane.chiffoleau[at]inria.fr
sarah.beniere[at]inria.fr
Thank you for your attention

Any questions ?

Contact :
floriane.chiffoleau[at]inria.fr
sarah.beniere[at]inria.fr