R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, https://cran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2014-09-08/web/packages/dplR/vignettes/xdate-dplR.pdf (last access: 10 June 2020), 2019.

Rissler, J., Nordin, E. Z., Eriksson, A. C., Nilsson, P. T., Frosch, M., Sporre, M. K., Wierzbicka, A., Svenningsson, B., Löndahl, J., Messing, M. E., Sjogren, S., Hemmingsen, J. G., Loft, S., Pagels, J. H., and Swietlicki, E.: Effective Density and Mixing State of Aerosol Particles in a Near-Traffic Urban Environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 6300–6308, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5000353, 2014.

Rolph, G., Stein, A., and Stunder, B.: Real-time environmental applications and display sYstem: READY, Environ. Modell. Softw., 95, 210–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.06.025, 2017.

Salcedo, D., Onasch, T. B., Dzepina, K., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Huffman, J. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Jayne, J. T., Mortimer, P., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Johnson, K. S., Zuberi, B., Marr, L. C., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Cardenas, B., Bernabé, R. M., Márquez, C., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Xie, Y., Brune, W., Lesher, R., Shirley, T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of ambient aerosols in Mexico City during the MCMA-2003 campaign with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry: results from the CENICA Supersite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 925–946, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-925-2006, 2006.

Salimi, F., Crilley, L. R., Stevanovic, S., Ristovski, Z., Mazaheri, M., He, C., Johnson, G., Ayoko, G., and Morawska, L.: Insights into the growth of newly formed particles in a subtropical urban environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13475–13485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13475-2015, 2015.

Schwarz, J., Chi, X., Maenhaut, W., Civis, M., Hovorka, J., and Smolík, J.: Elemental and organic carbon in atmospheric aerosols at downtown and suburban sites in Prague, Atmos. Res., 90, 287–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.05.006, 2008.

Schwarz, J., Štefancová, L., Maenhaut, W., Smolík, J., and Ždímal, V.: Mass and chemically speciated size distribution of Prague aerosol using an aerosol dryer – The influence of air mass origin, Sci. Total Environ., 437, 348–362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.050, 2012.

Schwarz, J., Cusack, M., Karban, J., Chalupníčková, E., Havránek, V., Smolk, J., and Ždímal, V.: PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical composition at a rural background site in Central Europe, including correlation and air mass back trajectory analysis, Atmos. Res., 176–177, 108–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.017, 2016.

Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 978-1-118-94740-1, 2006.

Slowik, J. G., Stainken, K., Davidovits, P., Williams, L. R., Jayne, J. T., Kolb, C. E., Worsnop, D. R., Rudich, Y., DeCarlo, P. F., and Jimenez, J. L.: Particle Morphology and Density Characterization by Combined Mobility and Aerodynamic Diameter Measurements. Part 2: Application to Combustion-Generated Soot Aerosols as a Function of Fuel Equivalence Ratio, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 38, 1206–1222, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290903916, 2004.

Sowlat, M. H., Hasheminassab, S., and Sioutas, C.: Source apportionment of ambient particle number concentrations in central Los Angeles using positive matrix factorization (PMF), At-

mos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4849–4866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4849-2016, 2016.

Takegawa, N., Miyazaki, Y., Kondo, Y., Komazaki, Y., Miyakawa, T., Jimenez, J. L., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Allan, J. D., and Weber, R. J.: Characterization of an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS): Intercomparison with Other Aerosol Instruments, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 760–770, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500243404, 2005.

Tørseth, K., Aas, W., Breivik, K., Fjæraa, A. M., Fiebig, M., Hjellbrekke, A. G., Lund Myhre, C., Solberg, S., and Yttri, K. E.: Introduction to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5447–5481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5447-2012, 2012.

Turpin, B. J. and Lim, H.-J.: Species contributions to PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentrations: revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35, 302–610, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820119445, 2001.

Vodička, P., Kawamura, K., Schwarz, J., Kunwar, B., and Ždímal, V.: Seasonal study of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition in fine aerosols at a Central European rural background station, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3463–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3463-2019, 2019.

Vu, T. V., Delgado-Saborit, J. M., and Harrison, R. M.: Review: particle number size distributions from seven major sources and implications for source apportionment studies, Atmos. Environ., 122, 114–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.027, 2015.

Waked, A., Favez, O., Alleman, L. Y., Piot, C., Petit, J.-E., Delaunay, T., Verlinden, E., Golly, B., Besombes, J.-L., Jaffrezo, J.-L., and Leoz-Garziandia, E.: Source apportionment of PM<sub>10</sub> in a north-western Europe regional urban background site (Lens, France) using positive matrix factorization and including primary biogenic emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3325–3346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3325-2014, 2014.

Wickham, H.: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4, 2016.

Wiedensohler, A., Wiesner, A., Weinhold, K., Birmili, W., Hermann, H., Merkel, M., Müller, T., Pfeifer, S., Schmidt, A., Tuch, T., Velarde, F., Quincey, P., Seeger, S., and Nowak, A.: Mobility particle size spectrometers: Calibration procedures and measurement uncertainties, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 52, 146–164, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1387229, 2017.

Zelenyuk, A., Cai, Y., and Imre, D.: From Agglomerates of Spheres to Irregularly Shaped Particles: Determination of Dynamic Shape Factors from Measurements of Mobility and Vacuum Aerodynamic Diameters, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40, 197–217, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500529406, 2006.

Zíková, N. and Ždímal, V.: Long-Term Measurement of Aerosol Number Size Distributions at Rural Background Station Košetice, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 13, 1464–1474, https://doi.org/10.4209/aqaq.2013.02.0056, 2013.

Zíková, N. and Ždímal, V.: Precipitation scavenging of aerosol particles at a rural site in the Czech Republic, Tellus B, 68, 27343, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v68.27343, 2016.

Zíková, N., Pokorná, P., Makeš, O., Sedlák, P., Pešice, P., and Ždímal, V.: Activation of atmospheric aerosol in fog and low clouds, Atmos. Environ., 230, 117490, 1–11, 2020.
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, https://cran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2014-09-08/web/packages/dplR/vignettes/xdate-dplR.pdf (last access: 10 June 2020), 2019.

Rissler, J., Nordin, E. Z., Eriksson, A. C., Nilsson, P. T., Frosch, M., Sporre, M. K., Wierzbicka, A., Svenningsson, B., Löndahl, J., Messing, M. E., Sjogren, S., Hemmingsen, J. G., Loft, S., Pagels, J. H., and Swietlicki, E.: Effective Density and Mixing State of Aerosol Particles in a Near-Traffic Urban Environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 6300–6308, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5000353, 2014.

Rolph, G., Stein, A., and Stunder, B.: Real-time environmental applications and display sYstem: READY, Environ. Modell. Softw., 95, 210–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.06.025, 2017.

Salcedo, D., Onasch, T. B., Dzepina, K., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Huffman, J. A., DeCarlo, P. F., Jayne, J. T., Mortimer, P., Worsnop, D. R., Kolb, C. E., Johnson, K. S., Zuberi, B., Marr, L. C., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Cardenas, B., Bernabé, R. M., Márquez, C., Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Xie, Y., Brune, W., Lesher, R., Shirley, T., and Jimenez, J. L.: Characterization of ambient aerosols in Mexico City during the MCMA-2003 campaign with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry: results from the CENICA Supersite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 925–946, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-925-2006, 2006.

Salimi, F., Crilley, L. R., Stevanovic, S., Ristovski, Z., Mazaheri, M., He, C., Johnson, G., Ayoko, G., and Morawska, L.: Insights into the growth of newly formed particles in a subtropical urban environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13475–13485, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13475-2015, 2015.

Schwarz, J., Chi, X., Maenhaut, W., Civis, M., Hovorka, J., and Smolík, J.: Elemental and organic carbon in atmospheric aerosols at downtown and suburban sites in Prague, Atmos. Res., 90, 287–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.05.006, 2008.

Schwarz, J., Štefancová, L., Maenhaut, W., Smolík, J., and Ždímal, V.: Mass and chemically speciated size distribution of Prague aerosol using an aerosol dryer – The influence of air mass origin, Sci. Total Environ., 437, 348–362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.050, 2012.

Schwarz, J., Cusack, M., Karban, J., Chalupníčková, E., Havránek, V., Smolk, J., and Ždímal, V.: PM<sub>2.5</sub> chemical composition at a rural background site in Central Europe, including correlation and air mass back trajectory analysis, Atmos. Res., 176–177, 108–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.017, 2016.

Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 978-1-118-94740-1, 2006.

Slowik, J. G., Stainken, K., Davidovits, P., Williams, L. R., Jayne, J. T., Kolb, C. E., Worsnop, D. R., Rudich, Y., DeCarlo, P. F., and Jimenez, J. L.: Particle Morphology and Density Characterization by Combined Mobility and Aerodynamic Diameter Measurements. Part 2: Application to Combustion-Generated Soot Aerosols as a Function of Fuel Equivalence Ratio, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 38, 1206–1222, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290903916, 2004.

Sowlat, M. H., Hasheminassab, S., and Sioutas, C.: Source apportionment of ambient particle number concentrations in central Los Angeles using positive matrix factorization (PMF), At-

mos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4849–4866, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4849-2016, 2016.

Takegawa, N., Miyazaki, Y., Kondo, Y., Komazaki, Y., Miyakawa, T., Jimenez, J. L., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Allan, J. D., and Weber, R. J.: Characterization of an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS): Intercomparison with Other Aerosol Instruments, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 760–770, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500243404, 2005.

Tørseth, K., Aas, W., Breivik, K., Fjæraa, A. M., Fiebig, M., Hjellbrekke, A. G., Lund Myhre, C., Solberg, S., and Yttri, K. E.: Introduction to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5447–5481, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5447-2012, 2012.

Turpin, B. J. and Lim, H.-J.: Species contributions to PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentrations: revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35, 302–610, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820119445, 2001.

Vodička, P., Kawamura, K., Schwarz, J., Kunwar, B., and Ždímal, V.: Seasonal study of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition in fine aerosols at a Central European rural background station, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3463–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3463-2019, 2019.

Vu, T. V., Delgado-Saborit, J. M., and Harrison, R. M.: Review: particle number size distributions from seven major sources and implications for source apportionment studies, Atmos. Environ., 122, 114–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.027, 2015.

Waked, A., Favez, O., Alleman, L. Y., Piot, C., Petit, J.-E., Delaunay, T., Verlinden, E., Golly, B., Besombes, J.-L., Jaffrezo, J.-L., and Leoz-Garziandia, E.: Source apportionment of PM<sub>10</sub> in a north-western Europe regional urban background site (Lens, France) using positive matrix factorization and including primary biogenic emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3325–3346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3325-2014, 2014.

Wickham, H.: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4, 2016.

Wiedensohler, A., Wiesner, A., Weinhold, K., Birmili, W., Hermann, H., Merkel, M., Müller, T., Pfeifer, S., Schmidt, A., Tuch, T., Velarde, F., Quincey, P., Seeger, S., and Nowak, A.: Mobility particle size spectrometers: Calibration procedures and measurement uncertainties, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 52, 146–164, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1387229, 2017.

Zelenyuk, A., Cai, Y., and Imre, D.: From Agglomerates of Spheres to Irregularly Shaped Particles: Determination of Dynamic Shape Factors from Measurements of Mobility and Vacuum Aerodynamic Diameters, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40, 197–217, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500529406, 2006.

Zíková, N. and Ždímal, V.: Long-Term Measurement of Aerosol Number Size Distributions at Rural Background Station Košetice, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 13, 1464–1474, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2013.02.0056, 2013.

Zíková, N. and Ždímal, V.: Precipitation scavenging of aerosol particles at a rural site in the Czech Republic, Tellus B, 68, 27343, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v68.27343, 2016.

Zíková, N., Pokorná, P., Makeš, O., Sedlák, P., Pešice, P., and Ždímal, V.: Activation of atmospheric aerosol in fog and low clouds, Atmos. Environ., 230, 117490, 1–11, 2020.