# ReSurveyEurope: A database of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe

Ilona Knollová, Milan Chytrý, Helge Bruelheide, Stefan Dullinger, Ute Jandt, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Idoia Biurrun, Francesco de Bello, Michael Glaser, Stephan Hennekens, et al.

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To cite this version:

Ilona Knollová, Milan Chytrý, Helge Bruelheide, Stefan Dullinger, Ute Jandt, et al. ReSurveyEurope: A database of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2024, 35 (2), pp.e13235. 10.1111/jvs.13235. hal-04550629

HAL Id: hal-04550629

https://u-picardie.hal.science/hal-04550629v1

Submitted on 31 Oct 2024

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
5 Ilona Knollová¹, Milan Chytrý¹, Helge Bruelheide²,³, Stefan Dullinger⁴, Ute Jandt²,³, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann³,⁵, Idoia Biurrun⁶, Francesco de Bello⁷,⁸, Michael Glaser⁹,¹⁰, Stephan Hennekens¹¹, Florian Jansen¹², Borja Jiménez-Alfaro¹³, Daniel Kadaš¹, Ekin Kaplan⁹,¹⁰, Klára Klinkovská¹, Anna Kuzemko¹,¹⁴, Bernd Lenzner¹⁰, Harald Pauli¹⁵,¹⁶, Marta Gaia Sperandii¹, Kris Verheyen¹⁷, Manuela Winkler¹⁵,¹⁶, Otar Abdaladze¹⁸, Svetlana Aćić¹⁹, Alicia T. R. Acosta²⁰, Audrey Alignier²¹,²², Christopher Andrews²³, Raphaël Arlettaz²⁴, Fabio Attorre²⁵, Irena Axmanová¹, Manuel Babbi²⁶, Lander Baeten²⁷, Jakub Baran²⁸, Elena Barni²⁹, José Luis Benito Alonso³⁰,³¹, Christian Berg³², Ariel Bergamini³³, Imre Berki³⁴, Steffen Boch³³, Barbara Bock³⁵, Frank Bode³⁶, Gianmaria Bonari³⁷, Karel Boublík³⁸, Andrea Britton³⁹, Jörg Brunet⁴⁰, Vanessa Bruzzaniti⁴¹,⁴², Vasyl Budzhak⁴³,⁴⁴, Serge Buholzer⁴⁵, Sabina Burrascano²⁵, Juan A. Campos⁶, Bengt-Göran Carlsson⁴⁶, Maria Laura Carranza⁴⁷, Tomáš Černý⁴⁸, Kévin Charmillot⁴⁹, Alessandro Chiarucci⁴¹, Philippe Choler⁵⁰, Kryštof Chytrý¹,⁵¹, Emmanuel Corcket⁵², Anikó Csecserits⁵³, Maurizio Cutini²⁰, Marta Czarniecka-Wiera⁵⁴, Jiří Danihelka¹,⁵⁵, Maria Carla de Francesco⁵⁶, Pieter De Frenne²⁷, Michele Di Musciano⁴¹,⁵⁷, Michele De Sanctis²⁵, Balázs Deák⁵⁸, Guillaume Decocq⁵⁹, Iwona Dembicz⁶⁰, Jürgen Dengler⁶¹,⁶², Valter Di Cecco⁶³, Jan Dick⁶⁴, Martin Diekmann⁶⁵, Hartmut Dierschke (deceased)⁶⁶, Thomas Dirnböck⁶⁷, Inken Doerfler⁶⁸, Jiri Dolezal⁶⁹,⁷⁰, Ute Döring⁷¹, Tomasz Durak⁷², Ciara Dwyer⁷³, Rasmus Ejrnæs⁷⁴, Inna Ermakova⁷⁵, Brigitta Erschbamer⁷⁶, Giuliano Fanelli²⁵, María Rosa Fernández Calzado⁷⁷, Thomas Fickert⁷⁸, Andrea Fischer⁷⁹, Markus Fischer⁸⁰, Kacper Foremnik⁸¹, Jan Frouz⁸², Ricardo García-González⁸³, Daniel García-Magro⁶, Itziar García-Mijangos⁶, Rosario G. Gavilán⁸⁴, Mateja Germ⁸⁵, Dany Ghosn⁸⁶, Khatuna Gigauri⁸⁷, Jaroslav Gizela⁸⁸, Aleksandra Golob⁸⁵, Valentin Golub⁸⁹, Daniel Gómez García⁹⁰, David Gowing⁹¹, John-Arvid Grytnes⁹², Behlül Güler⁹³, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón⁸⁴, Peter Haase⁹⁴,⁹⁶, Sylvia Haider²,⁹⁶, Michal Hájek¹, Melinda Halassy⁹⁷, Martin Harásek⁹⁸, Werner Härdtle⁹⁹, Thilo Heinken¹⁰⁰, Alison Hester³⁹, Jean-Yves Humbert²⁴, Ricardo Ibáñez¹⁰¹, Estela Illa¹⁰², Bogdan Jaroszewicz¹⁰³, Kai Jensen¹⁰⁴, Anke Jentsch¹⁰⁵, Martin Jiroušek¹,¹⁰⁶, Veronika Kalníková¹⁰⁷, Róbert Kanka¹⁰⁸, Jutta Kapfer¹⁰⁹, George Kazakis⁸⁶, Janez Kermavnar¹¹⁰, Stefan Kesting¹¹¹, Larisa Khanina¹¹², Elisabeth Kindermann¹¹³, Marek Kotrík¹¹⁴, Tomáš Koutecký¹¹⁵, Łukasz Kozub¹¹⁶, Gisbert Kuhn¹¹⁷, Lado Kutnar¹¹⁰, Dario La Montagna²⁵, Andrea Lamprecht¹⁵,¹⁶, Jonathan Lenoir¹¹⁸, Jan Lepš⁷⁰,¹¹⁹, Christoph Leuschner¹²⁰, Juan Lorite⁷⁷,¹²¹, Bjarke Madsen¹²²,¹²³, Rosina Magaña Ugarte⁸⁴, Marek Malicki¹²⁴,¹²⁵, Tuija Maliniemi¹²⁶, František Máliš¹¹⁴, Alexander Maringer¹²⁷, Robert Marrs¹²⁸, Silvia Matesanz¹²⁹, Katrin Metze¹³⁰, Stefan Meyer¹³¹,¹³², Jonathan Millett¹³³, Ruth Mitchell³⁹, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund⁷⁴, Pavel Moiseev¹³⁴, Umberto Morra di Cella¹³⁵, Ondřej Mudrák¹³⁶, Frank Müller¹³⁷, Norbert Müller¹³⁸, Tobias Naaf¹³⁹, Laszlo Nagy¹⁴⁰, Francesca Napoleone²⁵, Juri Nascimbene⁴¹, Jana Navrátilová¹⁴¹, Josep M. Ninot¹⁰², Yujie Niu¹⁰⁵, Signe Normand¹⁴², Romá Ogaya¹⁴³,¹⁴⁴, Vladimir Onipchenko⁷⁵, Anna Orczewska¹⁴⁵, Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai¹⁴⁶, Robin J Pakeman³⁹, Iker Pardo⁶, Ricarda Pätsch¹, Robert Peet¹⁴⁷, Josep Penuelas¹⁴⁸,¹⁴⁹, Cord Peppler-Lisbach⁶⁸, Javier Pérez Hernández⁸⁴, Aaron Pérez-Haase¹⁵⁰, Alessandro Petraglia¹⁵¹, Petr Petřík³⁸,¹⁵², Remigiusz Pielech¹⁵³,¹⁵⁴, Hubert Piórkowski¹⁵⁵, Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard¹⁵⁰, Peter Poschlod¹⁵⁶, Karel Prach⁷⁰, Safiya Praleskouskaya¹⁵⁷, Vadim Prokhorov¹⁵⁸,¹⁵⁹, Sam Provoost¹⁶⁰, Mihai Pușcaș¹⁶¹,¹⁶², Štěpánka Pustková¹, Christophe François Randin¹⁶³,¹⁶⁴, Valerijus Rašomavičius¹⁶⁵, Kamila Reczyńska¹⁶⁶, Tamás Rédei⁵³, Klára Řehounková⁷⁰, Nina Angela Richner¹⁶⁷, Anita C. Risch¹⁶⁸, Christian Rixen¹⁶⁹,¹⁷⁰, Sergey Rosbakh¹⁷¹, Christiane Roscher³,¹⁷², Gert Rosenthal¹⁷³, Graziano Rossi¹⁷⁴, Harald Rötzer¹⁷⁵, Camille Roux¹⁷⁶, Sabine B. Rumpf¹⁷⁷, Eszter Ruprecht¹⁷⁸, Solvita Rūsiņa¹⁷⁹, Irati Sanz-Zubizarreta⁶, Meret Schindler¹⁸⁰, Wolfgang Schmidt¹⁸¹, Dirk Schories¹⁸², Joachim Schrautzer¹⁸³, Hendrik Schubert¹⁸⁴, Martin Schuetz¹⁶⁸, Angelika Schwabe¹⁸⁵, Helena Schwaiger⁵¹, Peter Schwartze¹⁸⁶, Jan Šebesta¹⁸⁷, Hallie Seiler¹⁸⁸, Urban Šilc¹⁸⁹, Vasco Silva¹⁹⁰,¹⁹¹,
48 Petr Šmilauer¹⁹², Marie Šmilauerová⁷⁰, Thomas Sperle¹⁹³, Alina Stachurska-Swakoń¹⁹⁴, Nils Stanik¹⁷³, Angela Stanisci¹⁹⁵, Kristina Steffen¹⁹⁶, Christian Storm¹⁹⁷, Hans Georg Stroh¹⁹⁸, Nadezhda Sugorkina⁷⁵, Krzysztof Świerkosz¹⁹⁹, Sebastian Świerszcz²⁰⁰,²⁰¹, Magdalena Szymura⁵⁴, Irina Tatarenko²⁰², Balázs Teleki²⁰³, Gilles Thébaud¹⁷⁶, Jean-Paul Theurillat²⁰⁴,²⁰⁵, Lubomír Tichý¹, Urs A. Treier¹²²,²⁰⁶, Pavel Dan Turtureanu¹⁶¹,²⁰⁷, Karol Ujházy²⁰⁸, Mariana Ujházyová²⁰⁹, Tudor Mihai Ursu²¹⁰, Aldona K. Uziębło²¹¹, Orsolya Valkó⁵⁸, Hans Van Calster²¹², Koenraad Van Meerbeek²¹³,²¹⁴, Bart Vandevoorde²¹⁵, Vigdis Vandvik²¹⁶, Marco Varricchione²¹⁷, Kiril Vassilev²¹⁸, Luis Villar²¹⁹, Risto Virtanen²²⁰, Pascal Vittoz²²¹, Winfried Voigt⁵, Andreas von Hessberg¹⁰⁵, Goddert von Oheimb²²², Eva Wagner²²³, Gian-Reto Walther²²⁴, Camilla Wellstein³⁷, Karsten Wesche²²⁵,²²⁶, Markus Wilhelm²²⁷, Wolfgang Willner⁵¹, Sonja Wipf²²⁸,²²⁹, Burghard Wittig²³⁰,²³¹, Thomas Wohlgemuth²³², Ben A. Woodcock²³³, Monika Wulf²³⁴, Franz Essl¹⁰

59

60 ¹Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

61 ²Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany

62 ³German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

63 ⁴Department of Botany and Biodiversity Reserach, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

64 ⁵Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany

65 ⁶Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain

66 ⁷Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

67 ⁸Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC-UV-GV), Valencia, Spain

68 ⁹Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

70 ¹⁰Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

72 ¹¹Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, Netherlands

74 ¹²Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany

75 ¹³Biodiversity Research Institute (Univ.Oviedo-CSIC-Princ.Asturias), University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain

76 ¹⁴M.G. Kholody Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

77 ¹⁵Gloria co-ordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

79 ¹⁶Gloria co-ordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Vienna, Austria

81 ¹⁷Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium

82 ¹⁸Institute of Ecology; School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

83 ¹⁹Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

84 ²⁰Department of Sciences, University of Rome Tre, Rome, Italy

85 ²¹UMR BAGAP, INRAE - Institut Agro - ESA, Rennes, France

86 ²²LTSER Zone Atelier ArmoriqueRennes, France

87 ²³Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Change, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

89 ²⁴Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

91 ²⁵Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

92 ²⁶Institute of Natural Resource Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland

94 ²⁷Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium

95 ²⁸Research and Education Labolatory, Ojców National Park, Ojców, Poland

96 ²⁹Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

97 ³⁰Jolube Consultor Botánico, Jaca, Spain

98 ³¹Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC, Jaca, Spain

99 ³²Institute of Biology, Graz University, Graz, Austria

100 ³³Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
102 ³⁴Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary

103 ³⁵Department of Nature Conservation and Research, Gesäuse National Park, Admont, Austria

104 ³⁶Forschungsförderung, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

105 ³⁷Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy

107 ³⁸Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

108 ³⁹Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

109 ⁴⁰Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden

111 ⁴¹BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

113 ⁴²LifeWatch ERIC Research Infrastructure, Lecce, Italy

114 ⁴³Department of Phytoecology, Institute For Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

116 ⁴⁴Institute For Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

117 ⁴⁵Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and EnvironmentZürich, Switzerland

118 ⁴⁶County Administrative Board of Jämtland, Environment and water, Östersund, Sweden

119 ⁴⁷EnvixLab - Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy

120 ⁴⁸Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic

122 ⁴⁹Vegetation Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Delémont, Switzerland

124 ⁵⁰Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France

125 ⁵¹Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

126 ⁵²IMBE - Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France

128 ⁵³Large-Scale Vegetation Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary

130 ⁵⁴Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland

132 ⁵⁵Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic

133 ⁵⁶Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Termoli, Italy

134 ⁵⁷Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy

135 ⁵⁸Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary

137 ⁵⁹Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France

139 ⁶⁰Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

140 ⁶¹Vegetation Ecology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland

142 ⁶²Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

144 ⁶³Maiella Seed Bank, Maiella National Park, Sulmona, Italy

145 ⁶⁴Biodiversity, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

146 ⁶⁵Vegetation Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

147 ⁶⁶Vegetation and Phytodiversity Analysis, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

149 ⁶⁷Ecosystem Research and Environmental Information Management, Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria

151 ⁶⁸Faculty V, School of Mathematics, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

153 ⁶⁹Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Trebon, Czech Republic

155 ⁷⁰Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech
156 Republic

157 ⁷¹independent researcher, Göttingen, Germany

158 ⁷²Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland

159 ⁷³Center for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

160 ⁷⁴Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

161 ⁷⁵Moscow, Russia

162 ⁷⁶Department of Botany (retired), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

163 ⁷⁷Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

164 ⁷⁸German Alpine Club, Baden-Wuerttemberg Branch, Nature Conservation Unit, Stuttgart, Germany

165 ⁷⁹Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria

166 ⁸⁰Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

167 ⁸¹Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland

168 ⁸²Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

169 ⁸³Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Spain

171 ⁸⁴Botany Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain

173 ⁸⁵Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

174 ⁸⁶Department of Geoinformation in Environmental Management, CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece

176 ⁸⁷School of Government, Georgian Institute of Public Affairs, Tbilisi, Georgia

177 ⁸⁸Forest management, National Forest Center, Zvolen, Slovakia

178 ⁸⁹Tolyatti, Russia

179 ⁹⁰Departamento de Conservación de ecosistemas naturales, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Spain

181 ⁹¹School of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Services, Faculty of Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

183 ⁹²Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

184 ⁹³Biology Education, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

185 ⁹⁴River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany

187 ⁹⁵Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

188 ⁹⁶Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany

189 ⁹⁷Restoration Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary

191 ⁹⁸Gymnázium Brno, Křenová, Brno, Czech Republic

192 ⁹⁹Institute of Ecology, University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany

193 ¹⁰⁰General Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

194 ¹⁰¹Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

195 ¹⁰²Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

197 ¹⁰³Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland

198 ¹⁰⁴Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

199 ¹⁰⁵Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

201 ¹⁰⁶Department of Plant Biology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

202 ¹⁰⁷Beskydy Protected Landscape Area Administration, Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, Czech Republic

204 ¹⁰⁸Department of Ecological Analyses, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

206 ¹⁰⁹Department of Wildlife and Rangelands, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tromsø, Norway

208 ¹¹⁰Department of Forest Ecology, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

209 ¹¹¹Grassland, Grazing Animal Farming, Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology,
210 Pöhl, Germany

211 ¹¹²Pushchino, Russia

212 ¹¹³Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

214 ¹¹⁴Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia

215 ¹¹⁵Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

216 ¹¹⁶Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

218 ¹¹⁷Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany

220 ¹¹⁸UMR CNRS 7058, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France

222 ¹¹⁹Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

224 ¹²⁰Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

225 ¹²¹Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

227 ¹²²Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

229 ¹²³Biology - Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

231 ¹²⁴Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

232 ¹²⁵Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland

234 ¹²⁶Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

235 ¹²⁷Nature Conservation & Research, Gesäuse National Park, Admont, Austria

236 ¹²⁸School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

237 ¹²⁹Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain

238 ¹³⁰Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Energie, Klimaschutz und Umwelt des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Germany

240 ¹³¹Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

242 ¹³²Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany

243 ¹³³Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom

244 ¹³⁴Yekaterinburg, Russia

245 ¹³⁵Climate Change Department, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley Region, Saint-Christophe, Italy

247 ¹³⁶Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

248 ¹³⁷Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany

249 ¹³⁸Landscape Management and Restoration Ecology, Fachhochschule Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany

250 ¹³⁹Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Muencheberg, Germany

251 ¹⁴⁰Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

252 ¹⁴¹Experimental Garden and Gene Pool Collections Třeboň, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic

254 ¹⁴²Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global Change, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

256 ¹⁴³Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain

257 ¹⁴⁴CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain

258 ¹⁴⁵Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

260 ¹⁴⁶Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

261 ¹⁴⁷Department Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

262 ¹⁴⁸Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain

263 ¹⁴⁹CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
264 ¹⁵⁰Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

265 ¹⁵¹Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

268 ¹⁵²Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic

270 ¹⁵³Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland

271 ¹⁵⁴Foundation for Biodiversity Research, Wrocław, Poland

272 ¹⁵⁵Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland

274 ¹⁵⁶Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

276 ¹⁵⁷Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

277 ¹⁵⁸Kazan, Russia

278 ¹⁵⁹Elabuga, Russia

279 ¹⁶⁰Landscape Ecology and Nature Management, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium

281 ¹⁶¹A. Borza Botanic Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

282 ¹⁶²Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

283 ¹⁶³Interdisciplinary Centre for Moutnain Research, Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

285 ¹⁶⁴Centre alpien de phytogéographie CAP, Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland

286 ¹⁶⁵Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania

287 ¹⁶⁶Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

288 ¹⁶⁷FORNAT AG, Zürich, Switzerland

289 ¹⁶⁸Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

291 ¹⁶⁹Mountain Ecosystems Group, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

293 ¹⁷⁰Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

295 ¹⁷¹Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

296 ¹⁷²Physiological Diversity, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany

297 ¹⁷³Department of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

298 ¹⁷⁴Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

299 ¹⁷⁵AVL - Agency for Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Planning, Wien, Austria

300 ¹⁷⁶UniVegE-Herbier CLF, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France

301 ¹⁷⁷Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

302 ¹⁷⁸Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

303 ¹⁷⁹Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

304 ¹⁸⁰Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Natural Resource Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland

306 ¹⁸¹Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

308 ¹⁸²Sustainable Landmanagement, DLR Projektträger, Bonn, Germany

309 ¹⁸³Research Group Applied Ecology, Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

310 ¹⁸⁴Institute for Biosciences, Ecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany

311 ¹⁸⁵Department of Biology, Vegetation and Restoration Ecology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

313 ¹⁸⁶Biologische Station Kreis Steinfurt, Tecklenburg, Germany

314 ¹⁸⁷Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

316 ¹⁸⁸Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
318 ¹⁸⁹Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

319 (ZRC SAZU), Ljubljana, Slovenia

320 ¹⁹⁰Centre for Applied Ecology Prof. Baeta Neves, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon,

321 Portugal

322 ¹⁹¹Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science,

323 Caparica, Portugal

324 ¹⁹²Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

325 ¹⁹³independent researcher, Waldkirch, Germany

326 ¹⁹⁴Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków,

327 Poland

328 ¹⁹⁵Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Termoli, Italy

329 ¹⁹⁶Blütenbunt-Insektenreich, Deutscher Verband für Landschaftspflege, Kiel, Germany

330 ¹⁹⁷Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

331 ¹⁹⁸büro áchero Vegetation and Environmental Consulting, Uslar, Germany

332 ¹⁹⁹Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

333 ²⁰⁰Botanical Garden, Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences,

334 Warszawa, Poland

335 ²⁰¹The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

336 ²⁰²School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United

337 Kingdom

338 ²⁰³MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen,

339 Hungary

340 ²⁰⁴Department of Plant Sciences, University of Geneva, Chambésy, Switzerland

341 ²⁰⁵Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland

342 ²⁰⁶Center for Sustainable Landscapes under Global Change, Department of Biology, Aarhus University,

343 Aarhus, Denmark

344 ²⁰⁷Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-

345 Napoca, Romania

346 ²⁰⁸Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovenia

347 ²⁰⁹Department of Applied Ecology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia

348 ²¹⁰Taxonomy and Ecology, Institute of Biological Research Cluj, National Institute for Research and

349 Development for Biological Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

350 ²¹¹Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection,

351 University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

352 ²¹²Flemish Government Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium

353 ²¹³Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

354 ²¹⁴KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

355 ²¹⁵Flanders Environment Department, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium

356 ²¹⁶Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen,

357 Bergen, Norway

358 ²¹⁷Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy

359 ²¹⁸Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institut of Biodiversity and Ecosystem

360 Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria

361 ²¹⁹Conservación de la Biodiversidad y Restauración de Ecosistemas, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología IPE-

362 CSIC, Jaca, Spain

363 ²²⁰Ecology & Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

364 ²²¹Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of

365 Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

366 ²²²Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technical University Dresden, Tharandt, Germany

367 ²²³independent researcher, Melle, Germany

368 ²²⁴independent researcher, Bern, Switzerland

369 ²²⁵Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany

370 ²²⁶International Institute Zittau, Technical University Dresden, Zittau, Germany

371 ²²⁷Institute of Education in Science and Social Studies, University of Teacher Education Lucerne,
372 Lucerne, Switzerland

373 ²²⁸Department of Research and Monitoring, Swiss National Park SNP, Zernez, Switzerland

374 ²²⁹Mountain Ecosystems, WSL-Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

375 ²³⁰Außenstelle "Naturschutzstation Wümme", Betriebsstelle Lüneburg, Geschäftsbereich Naturschutz,
376 Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation Agency, Brockel,
377 Germany

378 ²³¹Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB 2, University of Bremen,
379 Bremen, Germany

380 ²³²Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL,
381 Birmensdorf, Switzerland

382 ²³³Biodiversity, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom

383 ²³⁴Research Area 2, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany

384

385 Ilona Knollová: 0000-0003-4074-789X

386 Milan Chytrý: 0000-0002-8122-3075

387 Helge Bruelheide: 0000-0003-3135-0356

388 Stefan Dullinger: 0000-0003-3919-0887

389 Ute Jandt: 0000-0002-3177-3669

390 Markus Bernhardt-Römermann: 0000-0002-2740-2304

391 Idoia Biurrun: 0000-0002-1454-0433

392 Francesco de Bello: 0000-0001-9202-8198

393 Michael Glaser: 0000-0002-4695-6150

394 Stephan Hennekens: 0000-0003-1221-0323

395 Florian Jansen: 0000-0002-0331-5185

396 Borja Jiménez-Alfaro: 0000-0001-6601-9597

397 Daniel Kadas: 0009-0002-5491-8223

398 Ekin Kaplan: 0000-0002-7303-5883

399 Klára Klinkovská: 0000-0002-1644-2140

400 Anna Kuzemko: 0000-0002-9425-2756

401 Bernd Lenzner: 0000-0002-2616-3479

402 Harald Pauli: 0000-0002-9842-9934

403 Marta Gaia Sperandii: 0000-0002-2507-5928

404 Kris Verheyen: 0000-0002-2067-9108

405 Manuela Winkler: 0000-0002-8655-9555

406 Otar Abdaladze: 0000-0001-8140-0900

407 Svetlana Acic: 0000-0001-6553-3797

408 Alicia T. R. Acosta: 0000-0001-6572-3187

409 Audrey Alignier: 0000-0002-7619-7124

410 Christopher Andrews: 0000-0003-2428-272X

411 Raphaël Arlettaz: 0000-0001-6360-5339

412 Fabio Attorre: 0000-0002-7744-2195

413 Irena Axmanová: 0000-0001-9440-7976

414 Manuel Babbi:

415 Lander Baeten: 0000-0003-4262-9221

416 Jakub Baran: 0000-0001-5455-9158

417 Elena Barni: 0000-0001-7256-0064

418 José Luis Benito Alonso: 0000-0003-1086-8834

419 Christian Berg: 0000-0002-0587-3316

420 Ariel Bergamini: 0000-0001-8816-1420

421 Imre Berki: 0000-0002-0858-1327

422 Steffen Boch: 0000-0003-2814-5343

423 Barbara Bock:

424 Frank Bode:

425 Gianmaria Bonari: 0000-0002-5574-6067
426 Karel Boublík: 0000-0002-8587-4238

427 Andrea Britton: 0000-0002-0603-7432

428 Jörg Brunet: 0000-0003-2667-4575

429 Vanessa Bruzzaniti:

430 Vasyl Budzhak: 0000-0002-7754-6437

431 Serge Buholzer: 0000-0002-5588-6641

432 Sabina Burrascano: 0000-0002-6537-3313

433 Juan A. Campos: 0000-0001-5992-2753

434 Bengt-Göran Carlsson:

435 Maria Laura Carranza: 0000-0001-5753-890X

436 Tomás Cerný: 0000-0003-2637-808X

437 Kévin Charmillot: 0000-0002-2311-6386

438 Alessandro Chiarucci: 0000-0003-1160-235X

439 Philippe Choler: 0000-0002-9062-2721

440 Krystof Chytrý: 0000-0003-4113-6564

441 Emmanuel Corcket: 0000-0002-8586-2202

442 Anikó Csecserits: 0000-0002-0538-4520

443 Maurizio Cutini: 0000-0002-8597-8221

444 Marta Czarniecka-Wiera: 0000-0003-3294-5853

445 Jirí Danihelka: 0000-0002-2640-7867

446 Maria Carla de Francesco: 0000-0002-5238-1154

447 Pieter De Frenne: 0000-0002-8613-0943

448 Michele Di Musciano: 0000-0002-3130-7270

449 Michele De Sanctis: 0000-0002-7280-6199

450 Balázs Deák: 0000-0001-6938-1997

451 Guillaume Decocq: 0000-0001-9262-5873

452 Iwona Dembicz: 0000-0002-6162-1519

453 Jürgen Dengler: 0000-0003-3221-660X

454 Valter Di Cecco: 0000-0001-9862-1267

455 Jan Dick: 0000-0002-4180-9338

456 Martin Diekmann: 0000-0001-8482-0679

457 Hartmut Dierschke (deceased): 0000-0002-8955-926X

458 Thomas Dirnböck: 0000-0002-8294-0690

459 Inken Doerfler: 0000-0001-9624-1922

460 Jiri Dolezal: 0000-0002-5829-4051

461 Ute Döring: 0000-0001-7249-3279

462 Tomasz Durak: 0000-0003-4053-3699

463 Ciara Dwyer: 0000-0002-7558-3664

464 Rasmus Ejrnæs: 0000-0003-2538-8606

465 Inna Ermakova:

466 Brigitta Erschbamer:

467 Giuliano Fanelli: 0000-0002-3143-1212

468 María Rosa Fernández Calzado:

469 Thomas Fickert: 0000-0001-6748-4431

470 Andrea Fischer: 0000-0003-1291-8524

471 Markus Fischer: 0000-0002-5589-5900

472 Kacper Foremnik: 0000-0002-2654-4204

473 Jan Frouz: 0000-0002-0908-8606

474 Ricardo García-González: 0000-0001-5625-8690

475 Daniel García-Magro:

476 Itziar García-Mijangos: 0000-0002-6642-7782

477 Rosario G. Gavilán: 0000-0002-1022-445X

478 Mateja Germ: 0000-0002-4422-1257

479 Dany Ghosn: 0000-0003-1898-9681
480 Khatuna Gigauri: 0000-0002-6707-0818

481 Jaroslav Gizela:

482 Aleksandra Golob: 0000-0001-9903-112X

483 Valentin Golub:

484 Daniel Gómez García: 0000-0002-9738-8720

485 David Gowing: 0000-0001-7845-035X

486 John-Arvid Grytnes: 0000-0002-6365-9676

487 Behlül Güler: 0000-0003-2638-4340

488 Alba Gutiérrez-Girón: 0000-0002-0988-3343

489 Peter Haase: 0000-0002-9340-0438

490 Sylvia Haider: 0000-0002-2966-0534

491 Michal Hájek: 0000-0002-5201-2682

492 Melinda Halassy: 0000-0001-8523-3169

493 Martin Harásek:

494 Werner Härdtle: 0000-0002-5599-5792

495 Thilo Heinken: 0000-0002-1681-5971

496 Alison Hester:

497 Jean-Yves Humbert: 0000-0002-5756-6748

498 Ricardo Ibáñez: 0000-0002-1772-4473

499 Estela Illa: 0000-0001-7136-6518

500 Bogdan Jaroszewicz: 0000-0002-2042-8245

501 Kai Jensen: 0000-0001-7846-5519

502 Anke Jentsch: 0000-0002-2345-8300

503 Martin Jirousek: 0000-0002-4293-478X

504 Veronika Kalníková: 0000-0003-2361-0816

505 Róbert Kanka: 0000-0002-7071-7280

506 Jutta Kapfer: 0000-0002-8077-8917

507 George Kazakis:

508 Janez Kermavnar: 0000-0001-8052-4653

509 Stefan Kesting:

510 Larisa Khanina: 0000-0002-8937-5938

511 Elisabeth Kindermann: 0000-0003-4390-1303

512 Marek Kotrík: 0000-0002-8921-3891

513 Tomás Koutecký: 0000-0003-0929-794X

514 Lukasz Kozub: 0000-0002-6591-8045

515 Gisbert Kuhn:

516 Lado Kutnar: 0000-0001-9785-1263

517 Dario La Montagna: 0000-0002-7124-493X

518 Andrea Lamprecht: 0000-0002-8719-026X

519 Jonathan Lenoir: 0000-0003-0638-9582

520 Jan Leps: 0000-0002-4822-7429

521 Christoph Leuschner:

522 Juan Lorite: 0000-0003-4617-8069

523 Bjarke Madsen: 0000-0002-4490-8710

524 Rosina Magaña Ugarte: 0000-0003-0628-3251

525 Marek Malicki: 0000-0003-0517-3560

526 Tuija Maliniemi: 0000-0003-1218-6554

527 Frantisek Mális: 0000-0003-2760-6988

528 Alexander Maringer: 0000-0002-4522-2462

529 Robert Marrs: 0000-0002-0664-9420

530 Silvia Matesanz: 0000-0003-0060-6136

531 Katrin Metze:

532 Stefan Meyer: 0000-0002-1395-5004

533 Jonathan Millett: 0000-0003-4701-3071
534 Ruth Mitchell: 0000-0001-8151-2769

535 Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund: 0000-0001-8591-7149

536 Pavel Moiseev: 0000-0003-4808-295X

537 Umberto Morra di Cella: 0000-0003-4250-9705

538 Ondrej Mudrák: 0000-0001-7775-0414

539 Frank Müller: 0000-0001-9482-9423

540 Norbert Müller: 0000-0002-2543-4046

541 Tobias Naaf: 0000-0002-4809-3694

542 Laszlo Nagy: 0000-0001-8523-3169

543 Francesca Napoleone: 0000-0002-3807-7180

544 Juri Nascimbene: 0000-0002-9174-654X

545 Jana Navrátilová:

546 Josep M. Ninot: 0000-0002-3712-0810

547 Yujie Niu: 0000-0002-0912-8401

548 Signe Normand: 0000-0002-8782-4154

549 Romá Ogaya: 0000-0003-4927-8479

550 Vladimir Onipchenko: 0000-0002-1626-1171

551 Anna Orczewska: 0000-0002-7924-9794

552 Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai: 0000-0002-6677-2666

553 Robin J Pakeman: 0000-0001-6248-4133

554 Iker Pardo: 0000-0001-7005-6411

555 Ricarda Pätsch: 0000-0002-3349-0910

556 Robert Peet: 0000-0003-2823-6587

557 Josep Penuelas: 0000-0002-7215-0150

558 Cord Peppler-Lisbach: 0000-0001-8209-8539

559 Javier Pérez Hernández: 0000-0001-8265-1955

560 Aaron Pérez-Haase: 0000-0002-5974-7374

561 Alessandro Petraglia: 0000-0003-4632-2251

562 Petr Petrík: 0000-0001-8518-6737

563 Remigiusz Pielech: 0000-0001-8879-3305

564 Hubert Piórkowski: 0009-0003-4258-3486

565 Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard: 0000-0002-6693-5314

566 Peter Poschlod: 0000-0003-4473-7656

567 Karel Prach: 0000-0002-0317-7800

568 Safiya Praleskouskaya: 0000-0002-0893-4663

569 Vadim Prokhorov:

570 Sam Provoost: 0000-0003-2751-5269

571 Mihai Pușcaș: 0000-0002-9384-4872

572 Stepánka Pustková: 0000-0002-9384-4872

573 Christophe François Randin: 0000-0002-4171-0178

574 Valerijus Rasomavicius: 0000-0003-1314-4356

575 Kamila Reczynska: 0000-0002-0938-8430

576 Tamás Rédei: 0000-0003-2767-2643

577 Klára Rehounková: 0000-0002-0916-6977

578 Nina Angela Richner: 0000-0002-5828-0098

579 Anita C. Risch: 0000-0003-0531-8336

580 Christian Rixen: 0000-0002-2486-9988

581 Sergey Rosbakh: 0000-0002-4599-6943

582 Christiane Roscher: 0000-0001-9301-7909

583 Gert Rosenthal:

584 Graziano Rossi: 0000-0002-5102-5019

585 Harald Rötzer:

586 Camille Roux: 0000-0002-3101-3977

587 Sabine B. Rumpf: 0000-0001-5909-9568
588 Eszter Ruprecht: 0000-0003-0122-6282

589 Solvita Rusina: 0000-0002-9580-4110

590 Irati Sanz-Zubizarreta: 0009-0000-9816-2574

591 Meret Schindler:

592 Wolfgang Schmidt: 0000-0001-5356-4684

593 Dirk Schories:

594 Joachim Schrautzer: 0000-0001-6355-7234

595 Hendrik Schubert: 0000-0001-6309-2609

596 Martin Schuetz:

597 Angelika Schwabe: 0000-0003-0698-5763

598 Helena Schwaiger:

599 Peter Schwartze:

600 Jan Sebesta: 0000-0003-2891-2346

601 Hallie Seiler: 0000-0002-9333-5226

602 Urban Silc: 0000-0002-3052-699X

603 Vasco Silva: 0000-0003-2729-1824

604 Petr Smilauer: 0000-0003-3065-5721

605 Marie Smilauerová: 0000-0002-0349-4179

606 Thomas Sperle: 0000-0002-5836-8241

607 Alina Stachurska-Swakon: 0000-0003-0381-4520

608 Nils Stanik: 0000-0002-9717-3826

609 Angela Stanisci: 0000-0002-5302-0932

610 Kristina Steffen:

611 Christian Storm: 0000-0001-9662-8131

612 Hans Georg Stroh: 0000-0002-2521-7172

613 Nadezhda Sugorkina:

614 Krzysztof Swierkosz: 0000-0002-5145-178X

615 Sebastian Swierszcz: 0000-0003-2035-0035

616 Magdalena Szymura: 0000-0002-5726-7393

617 Irina Tatarenko: 0000-0001-6835-2465

618 Balázs Teleki: 0000-0002-2417-0413

619 Gilles Thébaud: 0000-0002-3522-9732

620 Jean-Paul Theurillat: 0000-0002-1843-5809

621 Lubomír Tichý: 0000-0001-8400-7741

622 Urs A. Treier: 0000-0003-4027-739X

623 Pavel Dan Turtureanu: 0000-0002-7422-3106

624 Karol Ujházy: 0000-0002-0228-1737

625 Mariana Ujházyová: 0000-0002-5546-1547

626 Tudor Mihai Ursu: 0000-0002-4898-6345

627 Aldona K. Uzieblo: 0000-0002-7531-6064

628 Orsolya Valkó: 0000-0001-7919-6293

629 Hans Van Calster: 0000-0001-8595-8426

630 Koenraad Van Meerbeek: 0000-0002-9260-3815

631 Bart Vandevoorde:

632 Vigdis Vandvik: 0000-0003-4651-4798

633 Marco Varricchione: 0000-0003-4716-6609

634 Kiril Vassilev: 0000-0003-4376-5575

635 Luis Villar:

636 Risto Virtanen: 0000-0002-8295-8217

637 Pascal Vittoz: 0000-0003-4218-4517

638 Winfried Voigt: 0000-0003-3658-8611

639 Andreas von Hessberg:

640 Goddert von Oheimb: 0000-0001-7408-425X

641 Eva Wagner:
642 Gian-Reto Walther:

643 Camilla Wellstein: 0000-0001-6994-274X

644 Karsten Wesche: 0000-0002-0088-6492

645 Markus Wilhelm: 0000-0002-6792-1395

646 Wolfgang Willner: 0000-0003-1591-8386

647 Sonja Wipf: 0000-0002-3492-1399

648 Burghard Wittig: 0000-0002-5969-9851

649 Thomas Wohlgemuth: 0000-0002-4623-0894

650 Ben A. Woodcock: 0000-0003-0300-9951

651 Monika Wulf: 0000-0001-6499-0750

652 Franz Essl: 0000-0001-8253-2112

653 **Corresponding author**

654 * Corresponding author: Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria, franz.essl@univie.ac.at

655 **Funding information**

656 IK, MC and LT were funded by the Czech Science Foundation (19-28491X). BL and FE appreciate
657 funding by the Global Plant Invasions-project funded by the Austrian Science Foundation
658 (FWF; pr.no. I 5825-B). HB and UJ appreciate the support of the German Research Foundation
659 for funding sPlot as one of the iDiv (DFG FZT 118, 202548816) research platforms. EK
660 appreciates funding by the Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE). MG
661 appreciates funding from the Austrian Climate Research Program (FA772033
662 "AgriWeedClim"). SD received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the
663 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No
664 883669). IB was funded by the Basque Government (IT1487-22). MW received funding from
665 the Austrian Academy of Sciences under the Earth System Sciences program (project
666 "MEDIALPS"). HP appreciates funding from the Austrian Climate Research Programme (ACRP
667 6: GZ B368633, KR13AC6K11076). MGS acknowledges funding from the European Union's
668 Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant
669 agreement No 101090344. BJA received funding from the Spanish Agency of Research (AEI),
670 grant MCI-20-PID2019-108636GA-100. AC was supported by the "National Biodiversity Future
671 Center - NBFC" (Next Generation EU. Project code CN_00000033, CUP J33C22001190001). RK,
672 PB, JK and AP were supported by the VEGA 2/0048/22.

673

674
675 **Abstract**

676 **Aims:** We introduce ReSurveyEurope – a new data source of resurveyed vegetation plots in 677 Europe, compiled by a collaborative network of vegetation scientists. We describe the scope 678 of this initiative, provide an overview of currently available data, governance, data 679 contribution rules, and accessibility. In addition, we outline further steps, including potential 680 research questions.

681 **Results:** ReSurveyEurope includes resurveyed vegetation plots from all habitats. Version 1.0 682 of ReSurveyEurope contains 283,135 observations (i.e. individual surveys of each plot) from 683 79,190 plots sampled in 449 independent resurvey. Of these, 62,139 (78%) are permanent 684 plots, i.e. marked in situ, or located with GPS, which allow for high spatial accuracy in resurvey. 685 The remaining 17,051 (22%) plots are from studies in which plots from the initial survey could 686 not be exactly relocated. Four datasets, which together account for 28,470 (36%) plots, 687 provide only presence/absence information on plant species, while the remaining 688 50,720 (64%) plots contain abundance information (e.g. percentage cover or cover-abundance 689 classes such as variants of the Braun-Blanquet scale). The oldest plots were sampled in 1911 690 in the Swiss Alps, while most plots were sampled between 1950 and 2020.

691 **Conclusions:** ReSurveyEurope is a new resource to address a wide range of research questions 692 on fine-scale changes in European vegetation. The initiative is devoted to an inclusive and 693 transparent governance and data usage approach, based on slightly adapted rules of the well- 694 established European Vegetation Archive (EVA). ReSurveyEurope data are ready for use, and 695 proposals for analyses of the dataset can be submitted at any time to the coordinators. Still, 696 further data contributions are highly welcome.

697 **Keywords:** biodiversity, community ecology, database, macroecology, monitoring, relevé, 698 species richness, temporal change, time series, vascular plants, vegetation dynamics 699

700 **1 Introduction**

701 Plot-based vegetation samples, called vegetation plots henceforth, document plant 702 species diversity and community composition at a given location at a given time. Such data 703 allow for a wide variety of research questions to be addressed, and accordingly, they have 704 been widely used in vegetation ecology for more than a century (e.g. Braun-Blanquet, 1964; 705 Ellenberg & Leuschner, 2017). More recently, the mobilization of vegetation-plot data, and
their compilation in large repositories such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA, http://euroveg.org/eva-database) and the global vegetation database sPlot (https://www.idiv.de/de/splot.html) have substantially expanded the availability of these types of data (Schaminée et al., 2009; Dengler et al., 2011).

Vegetation plots also contain metadata (Mucina et al., 2000) that describe properties of the surveyed site (e.g., topography, land use, slope inclination and aspect), the plot (e.g., size, shape), and the sampling (e.g., date of sampling, surveyor name). In most cases, information on the location of the vegetation plot is provided, although this information may be given in a variety of ways and with different geographic accuracies, ranging from vague textual descriptions of localities to highly accurate geographic coordinates based on GPS data or permanent marks in the field.

Increasing human pressures on the natural environment during the last decades have caused substantial changes in the European flora and vegetation (e.g., Richner et al., 2015; Jandt et al., 2022a). Vegetation-plot data offer excellent opportunities to study temporal vegetation changes with fine resolution across large areas by resurveying historical vegetation plots, or by establishing permanent plots that are revisited on a regular basis. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have used these approaches for studying large-scale (including continental and global) vegetation change in response to pressures such as land-use change (e.g. Nielsen et al. 2000a,b), climate change (e.g. Gottfried et al., 2012; Steinbauer et al., 2018), eutrophication (e.g. Peppler-Lisbach et al., 2020; Ridding et al., 2020; Kammer et al., 2022; Staude et al., 2022), and biological invasions (e.g. Del Vecchio et al., 2015).

The number of publications (and corresponding datasets) based on resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe (and elsewhere) has increased strongly since the start of the new millennium (Figure 1). While some initiatives with a focus on specific habitats such as forests (forestEplot, https://forestreplot.ugent.be/) and alpine environments (GLORIA, https://www.gloria.ac.at/hom/) have integrated a part of this data, many resurvey datasets are not yet integrated into large data repositories that ensure easy access and interoperability of the data. As a consequence, the potential of using existing data to address research questions remains limited. Therefore, we launched ReSurveyEurope in 2020 to fill this gap at the European level. ReSurveyEurope is closely connected to the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and aims to build a data repository of fine-scale plot-based plant community resurvey
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data (relevés, plots). Here, we describe the scope of this initiative, provide an overview on data, governance rules, accessibility, and outline further steps of how to ensure that ReSurveyEurope stays a living database.

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

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Figure 1: Cumulative number of published studies on vegetation change including studies using resurveyed vegetation plots (green) based on 1,345 publications indexed in Web of Science (as of 6th December 2022) following the same search criteria as Vellend et al. (2013), compared to the overall number of publications within the field of ecology (blue). Of the former, 420 publications are from 1990–2012 (i.e., the period covered by Vellend et al. 2013; in light green) and an additional 925 publications thereafter (in dark green) – an increase by 220% during the last decade. In comparison, overall publications within the field of ecology have only increased by 146% (following a Web of Science search based on the search string: "plant" AND "species" AND "ecology"). The search string used here and by Vellend et al. (2013) was: "plant community" OR "plant communities" OR "vegetation" OR "forest*" OR "grassland*" OR "wetland*" OR "desert*" OR "savanna*" OR "tundra*" OR "steppe*" OR "shrubland*" OR "prairie*" OR "taiga" OR "rainforest*" OR "woodland*" OR "mangrove*") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ("biodiversity" OR "diversity" OR "richness" OR "evenness" OR "composition") AND ALL ("resurvey*" OR "resample*" OR "revisit*" OR "temporal change").
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# 2 Compilation and content of the ReSurveyEurope 1.0 database

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## 2.1 Scope of ReSurveyEurope

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The geographic scope of ReSurveyEurope is the continent of Europe, including adjacent, biogeographically similar areas such as the Macaronesian Islands (excluding Cape Verde), Greenland, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Anatolia, Cyprus, and the Mediterranean Biome in northern Africa and the Near East. Suitable datasets are fine-grain biodiversity data (e.g. vegetation plots, relevés, transects) from all habitats that document the presence (and ideally also proxies of the cover) of vascular plants (and optionally bryophytes and lichens) with at least two repeated observations (i.e. individual surveys of each plot) in different years. Observations have to be made with identical or at least similar and comparable methods at the same or a similar location close by.

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To be suitable for ReSurveyEurope, datasets have to fulfill a set of minimum requirements: i) a complete list of vascular plants in defined plots, preferably also with information on species cover or proxies for cover such as biomass; ii) plot location including longitude and latitude, and information on the precision of the coordinates; iii) sampling date (ideally the precise date, minimum the year); and iv) plot size (see Appendix S1 for details). Further, information on the methods of data collection, total vegetation cover, elevation, slope inclination and aspect, bedrock, land use, recent land use change and vegetation or habitat type are welcome to increase the value of the dataset.

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## 2.2 Data preparation, integration and taxonomic standardization

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The first data call for ReSurveyEurope was announced on 6th October 2020 (http://euroveg.org/download/ReSurveyEurope_EVA_Call.pdf). Data contributors were asked to ideally provide their data in Turboveg 2 format (Hennekens & Schaminée, 2001), with a set of predefined header data fields following the guidelines in Appendix S1. For easier data preparation, providers can download the database structure with the standard database fields from https://www.synbiosys.alterra.nl/turboveg/ (under Database dictionaries/ReSurvey) using Turboveg 2 version 2.148 or higher.

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All databases in ReSurveyEurope are stored and managed in Turboveg 2 using national species lists as taxonomic backbone for the individual databases. The header data were

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## 2.3 Description and characterization of the plots and observations

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In total, version 1.0 of ReSurveyEurope contains 79,190 plots with 283,135 observations (i.e. resurveys of individual plots) from 449 independent resurvey projects (Figure 2; see http://euroveg.org/resurvey-participating-databases for a full list). Of the total number of plots, 62,139 (78%) are from permanent (incl. manipulated) plots, e.g. marked or geo-tagged plots which allow for high spatial accuracy in re-surveying (Figure 2B-C). Note that this category thus also includes plots that are not permanently marked in the field, but were located with high precision (e.g. GPS measured locations, photos).

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The remaining 17,051 (22%) plots are quasi-permanent plots, which in the initial survey had not been sufficiently georeferenced to guarantee their unambiguous retrieval (Figure 2D). Resurveys of such plots rely on the geographic information available from the first survey including geographic coordinates, textual description of plot locations, information from field notes and maps, and surveyors' knowledge of plot locations. These plots are thus associated with higher uncertainties on the location of the initial plots.

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Four datasets accounting for 28,470 (35%) plots provide only presence/absence information on plant species; one dataset from Denmark is especially large and accounts for most of presence/absence only data; however, for this dataset abundance information will be provided in the near future. Of the remaining 50,720 (65%) plots the majority contain abundance information (e.g. percentage cover or cover-abundance classes such as variants of the Braun-Blanquet scale) with some plots from mixed datasets (i.e., containing abundance information for a subset of plots).

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<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>B - permanent plots</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>C - manipulated permanent plots</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>D - quasi-permanent plots</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

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Figure 2: Geographic distribution of the 79,190 plots contained in ReSurveyEurope version 1.0 (A). Plots grouped by different study designs corresponding to (B) permanent plots, (C) manipulated permanent plots, and (D) quasi-permanent plots, in which plots of the initial survey have not been precisely georeferenced.
The geographical distribution of plots included in ReSurveyEurope is uneven, with central and northwestern European countries contributing the most data so far (Table 1, Figure 2, Appendix S2). For the full dataset (including abundance and presence/absence datasets), Denmark ranks first by a wide margin (35%), followed by the United Kingdom (17%), Germany (15%), Switzerland (7%), and Poland (3%). When only considering the plots with species abundance information, the highest percentages are for the United Kingdom (28%), followed by Germany (25%), Switzerland (10%), Poland (5%), and Spain (4%).

For the full dataset, the density of plots (i.e. number of plots per 100 km²) is by far highest in Denmark (62 plots / 100 km²), followed by Switzerland (13), the United Kingdom (6), Belgium (5), and Germany as well as the Czech Republic (3 each) (Table 1A, Appendix S2). For observations with species abundance information, Switzerland (12 plots / 100 km²) ranks first, followed by the United Kingdom (6), Belgium (5), Germany (3), and the Czech Republic (2).

Table 1: Overview of the top 10 countries ranked by plots (A = all data; B = only data with species abundance information) included in ReSurveyEurope. Countries are ranked by the numbers of plots within their borders. For the full list of countries, see Appendix S2. * = for the Russian Federation, only the European territory is considered.

A

<table><thead><tr><th>Rank</th><th>Country</th><th>Country area [km²]</th><th>Plots</th><th>Observations</th><th>Plots [%]</th><th>Observations [%]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Denmark</td><td>44,493</td><td>27,777</td><td>99,650</td><td>35</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>242,495</td><td>13,747</td><td>40,164</td><td>17</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Germany</td><td>357,386</td><td>12,057</td><td>40,393</td><td>15</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Switzerland</td><td>41,285</td><td>5,365</td><td>11,208</td><td>7</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Poland</td><td>312,685</td><td>2,618</td><td>6,612</td><td>3</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Sweden</td><td>450,295</td><td>2,296</td><td>12,446</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Spain</td><td>498,511</td><td>1,977</td><td>7,510</td><td>3</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Italy</td><td>301,318</td><td>1,754</td><td>5,012</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Czech Republic</td><td>78,866</td><td>1,544</td><td>14,242</td><td>2</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Belgium</td><td>30,510</td><td>1,543</td><td>2,425</td><td>2</td><td>0.9</td></tr></tbody></table>

B

<table><thead><tr><th>Rank</th><th>Country</th><th>Country area [km²]</th><th>Plots</th><th>Observations</th><th>Plots [%]</th><th>Observations [%]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>242,495</td><td>13,747</td><td>40,164</td><td>17</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Germany</td><td>357,386</td><td>11,994</td><td>40,267</td><td>15</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Switzerland</td><td>41,285</td><td>5,088</td><td>10,499</td><td>6</td><td>4</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>4</td><td>Poland</td><td>312,685</td><td>2,618</td><td>6,612</td><td>3</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Spain</td><td>498,511</td><td>1,968</td><td>7,348</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Italy</td><td>301,318</td><td>1,754</td><td>5,012</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Belgium</td><td>30,510</td><td>1,543</td><td>2,425</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Russian Federation*</td><td>3,968,200</td><td>1,523</td><td>8,179</td><td>2</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Czech Republic</td><td>78,866</td><td>1,508</td><td>13,543</td><td>2</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Austria</td><td>83,858</td><td>1,474</td><td>3,876</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr></table>

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The oldest plot included was sampled in 1911 in the Swiss Alps (dataset "DISEQUALP", Braun-Blanquet, 1913; Rumpf et al. 2018), while the latest resurveys are from 2022 (Figure 3, Appendix S3). Thus, the total time span covered by ReSurveyEurope is 111 years. The mean time span between sampling the first and the last observation is 26 years across all the 442 projects. Mean starting dates within datasets are more recent, as often first observations of plots within a dataset have been done in different years. Accordingly, the oldest sampling date is 1911 (dataset "DISEQUALP") (Appendix S3). Four projects started with the first plots until 1930, 21 additional projects by 1950, and another 84 projects by 1970. The longest mean time span covered by one dataset is 104 years (dataset "DISEQUALP").

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<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>Figure 3: Time period covered by the 449 individual projects in ReSurveyEurope 1.0. Projects with permanent, manipulated permanent and quasi-permanent plots are shown in different colours. Note that manipulated permanent projects may also contain some unmanipulated (= control) plots. Black points indicate sampling times.</figcaption></figure>

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<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

Figure 4: Distribution of 42,837 plots in ReSurveyEurope across habitat types defined as EUNIS Level 1 habitat classes classified using EUNIS-ESy (Chytrý et al. 2020). The category "habitat change" refers to plots that were assigned to different habitat types over the course of their observations. The remaining plots (not shown in the figure) are those without species cover information, which cannot be classified using EUNIS-ESy.

The assignment of the data in ReSurveyEurope 1.0 to EUNIS Level 1 habitat classes using the classification expert system EUNIS-ESy (Chytrý et al. 2020) (Figure 4) shows that for 36,333 plots (46%) an assignment to a EUNIS habitat class was not possible – most often this was the case because the assignment to a habitat type is not possible for plots without species cover information. A total of 21,357 plots (27%) were assigned to grasslands, followed by 8,976 (11%) assigned to multiple habitat groups (i.e., due to change of habitat types over time due to e.g. succession, land use change or disturbance), forests (6,936 plots; 9%), heathlands (including other scrub types) (1,363 plots; 2%), vegetated man-made habitats (1,126 plots; 1%), and wetlands (1,020 plots; 1%); all other EUNIS classes are represented by lower numbers of observations.

Plot size differed substantially between plots, with plots located in forests being larger on average than plots in non-forest vegetation types (Figure 5B). In non-forest vegetation,
median plot size is 2 m² (minimum: 0.001 m²; maximum: 2,500 m², mean: 26 m²), while the median plot size for forest plots is 100 m² (minimum: 3 m²; maximum: 2,500 m², mean: 153 m²).

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>Figure 5: Key attributes of plots (n = 79,190) in ReSurveyEurope 1.0. (A) Percentage of resurveying methods, 115 plots with mixed methods of resurveying not shown (see text). (B)</figcaption></figure>

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Plot size distribution (forests are given as a separate category as the plot sizes are usually larger). (C) Distribution of the plot location uncertainty.

Spatial uncertainty of plot locations varies between 0 and 15,000 m (Figure 5C). By far the highest number of observations has a spatial uncertainty of less than 10 m (53,252 plots). These plots are either permanently marked in the field or located using GPS or photos. On the opposite side of uncertainty, there are 975 plots with an uncertainty of 100-1,000 m, and 117 plots with an uncertainty greater than 1,000 m. Typically, these spatially most uncertain observations were from plots established several decades ago and (re-)located post-hoc based on historical materials like maps or descriptive textual information given in the original source.

The number of observations per plot varies among datasets. The majority of datasets have been surveyed twice (mostly resurveying studies) or at most a few times (mostly permanent plots-studies), while a few, mostly small datasets have high numbers of observations (Table 2).

<table><caption>Table 2: Overview on the 10 largest projects by number of plots included in ReSurveyEurope
1.0. The full list of projects is given in Appendix S3.</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>Name</th><th>Country</th><th>Abundance information</th><th>Number of plots</th><th>Number of observations</th><th>Start year</th><th>End year</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>NOVANA: Danish National Monitoring data</td><td>DK</td><td>no</td><td>27,689</td><td>99,298</td><td>1988</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>UK floodplain meadows long-term monitoring</td><td>UK</td><td>yes</td><td>9,316</td><td>25,867</td><td>1986</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Scottish Coastal Survey</td><td>UK</td><td>yes</td><td>2,539</td><td>5,064</td><td>1976</td><td>2010</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Bavarian grassland monitoring*</td><td>DE</td><td>yes</td><td>2,509</td><td>5,159</td><td>2002</td><td>2013</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Monitoring Effectiveness of Habitat Conservation</td><td>CH</td><td>yes</td><td>1,961</td><td>3,921</td><td>2011</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Mechanisms of coexistence in species-rich grasslands: Oeland site</td><td>SE</td><td>mixed</td><td>1,920</td><td>11,220</td><td>1985</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>DISEQALP</td><td>CH</td><td>yes</td><td>1,516</td><td>3,032</td><td>1911</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Monitoring Effectiveness of Agrienvironmental Schemes</td><td>PL</td><td>yes</td><td>1,200</td><td>2,376</td><td>2012</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Monitoring tidal marshes Zeeschelde</td><td>BE</td><td>yes</td><td>819</td><td>819</td><td>1995</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>10</td><td>Mechanisms of coexistence in species-rich grasslands</td><td>NL</td><td>no</td><td>750</td><td>4,500</td><td>1985</td><td>1994</td></tr></table>

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## 2.4 Taxonomic and nomenclatural standards and recommendations for data usage

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ReSurveyEurope applied the EVA approach of simultaneously using a set of nationally used plant taxonomic and nomenclatural concepts to best represent individual datasets. A total of 31 species lists are used for storing species data in particular databases. Some species lists are fully taxonomically standardized and follow taxonomic concepts of particular countries (e.g. GermanySL 1.4, Czechia_Slovakia_2015), other lists are not fully standardized. In different species lists, the same name can refer to different taxa, different names can refer to the same taxon, and taxa can be circumscribed and ranked differently. To unify different taxonomic concepts, species lists were matched to the taxonomic and nomenclatural backbone of the Euro+Med PlantBase (Euro+Med, 2006+) using the SynBioSys Taxon Database developed for EVA. Some taxa (e.g. non-European aliens, aggregates, unresolved names from the original datasets) that are not included in Euro+Med were retained in the dataset. Both the original and harmonized taxonomies are preserved so that users can decide which of them they prefer to use. For cryptogams (lichens, bryophytes), taxonomy and nomenclature are so far largely unresolved across datasets in EVA and ReSurveyEurope.

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The harmonized nomenclature for vascular plants according to Euro+Med can be further adjusted using the expert system EUNIS-ESy (Chytrý et al. 2020) to merge multiple taxonomic levels (e.g. subspecies) to the level of species and aggregates for groups of closely related species that are often identified inconsistently across vegetation plots. This adjustment can be performed using JUICE 7 (Tichý, 2002), Turboveg 3 (Hennekens, 2015) or an R script developed by Bruelheide et al. (2021). Before analyses, different observations from the same plot should also be checked for possible inconsistencies (e.g., the same taxon can be identified to the level of aggregate in the first sampling and to the level of species in the second sampling). In any case of doubt about correct taxonomic interpretation, the users should check the taxonomy and nomenclature used in the original dataset.

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922 **2.5 Cooperations and side-projects**

923 ReSurveyEurope makes use of pre-existing infrastructure, procedures and expertise
924 developed and employed by EVA, and it is embedded in the EVA governance structure. Data
925 integration and storage are coordinated and conducted at Masaryk University in Brno. EVA
926 data are formally divided into EVA core databases (non-repeated observations) and
927 ReSurveyEurope. There is some overlap between these two subsets. Some databases contain
928 mostly non-repeated observations but also a small part of repeatedly sampled plots included
929 in ReSurveyEurope. Other databases (e.g. EU-GB-004 Floodplain-Meadows, EU-GB-005
930 Scottish Coastal Survey or EU-GB-006 Scottish Vegetation Resurvey) include only repeated
931 plots but from vegetation types and areas that are otherwise poorly represented in EVA, and
932 therefore they are included both in EVA core databases and ReSurveyEurope. Both EVA core
933 databases and ReSurveyEurope can be provided for projects using the same data request
934 form, in which the project proponent indicates the data selection criteria.

935 ReSurveyEurope has established a number of cooperation agreements on data sharing
936 and possible joint analyses with other initiatives. These include, in particular: forestREplot, a
937 database of forest resurvey plots in temperate zones (Verheyen et al., 2017;
938 https://forestreplot.ugent.be/), the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine
939 Environments (GLORIA) network (Pauli et al., 2015; https://www.gloria.ac.at/home), and the
940 Long-term Vegetation Sampling (LOTVS; Sperandii et al., 2022; https://lotvs.csic.es/). Most
941 European datasets from these global networks were integrated into ReSurveyEurope with the
942 help of database managers and based on the consent of owners or providers of the individual
943 original datasets. ReSurveyEurope also integrated the ReSurveyGermany database, developed
944 in parallel with the development of ReSurveyEurope and using the same structure (Jandt et
945 al., 2022b). Further, a cooperation has been initiated with the Nutrient Status Initiative, which
946 explores the role of nutrient availability on local plant diversity. A joint data call has been
947 launched
948 [http://euroveg.org/download/ReSurveyEurope_NutrientStatus_DataCall2021.pdf](http://euroveg.org/download/ReSurveyEurope_NutrientStatus_DataCall2021.pdf).

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950 **2.6 Strengths, gaps, limitations, and pitfalls**

951 ReSurveyEurope represents the first European dataset of at least once resurveyed
952 vegetation plots from a wide range of habitats. The original data were in most cases sampled
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for different purposes, by using a range of methodologies applied within the respective projects. Despite harmonization of basic attributes upon integration of the datasets into ReSurveyEurope, there is substantial variation in many relevant features such as the accuracy of plot location, plot size, species abundance, recording of cryptogams, intervals between surveys and experimental manipulations.

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Accordingly, it is crucial to clarify which data are suitable for specific analyses and to select – and possibly edit – datasets accordingly (Kapfer et al. 2014, Chytrý et al. 2017). Perhaps most importantly, it is necessary to know whether particular plots represent non-manipulated vegetation, or experimental plots after some manipulation (e.g., nutrient addition, experimental disturbance) or a successional series. If the aim is to study spontaneous vegetation change, it may be necessary to select only control plots from experiments. Even then, researchers have to be careful about selecting the suitable subset of data (e.g., in regularly mown areas, experimental manipulation can be abandonment with a mown plot as a control, whereas in abandoned areas, manipulation can be mowing with an abandoned plot as a control).

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Further, individual studies should only compare changes over identical periods, in terms of both the interval between two samplings and between the starting or mean date. For example, two resurvey datasets, one collected between the 1960s and 1980s and the other collected between 1990s and 2010s can show different trends, although the interval length between the first and last survey is the same.

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Resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe provide a valuable resource for the study of vegetation dynamics and their responses to environmental change. A particular strength of ReSurveyEurope is that empirical time-series data are provided for largely exact locations, which makes them ideal for calibrating or validating models. For example, the plot records might be linked to remote sensing information on land use change or change in habitat quality. They may also allow assessing the change in conservation status of Annex 1 habitats of the EU Habitats Directive. At times of global climate and land-use change, the data in ReSurveyEurope present an important archive of past vegetation composition. Such data can be used to inform conservation and management decisions, improve our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and help develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

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984 **3 Property rights, data usage and access**

985 ReSurveyEurope is devoted to an inclusive and transparent governance, collaboration, co-authorship, and data usage approach. ReSurveyEurope Data Property and Governance Rules (approved at the first ReSurveyEurope workshop in Vienna in April 2022; http://euroveg.org/download/ReSurveyEurope_Rules.pdf) are based on experience gathered in similar community-based initiatives, and basically are slightly modified rules of the European Vegetation Archive (EVA). Thus, i) data owners/contributors have control about the use of their data in any specific analysis (allowing to opt-in for individual projects according to specific criteria such as the numbers of plots used in the analysis), and ii) colleagues not directly involved in ReSurveyEurope can submit proposals for analyses, which will be subject to approval by the ReSurveyEurope Board consisting of the initiators of ReSurveyEurope and elected members of the EVA Coordinating Board (https://euroveg.org/resurvey/). The Data Request Form is available at http://euroveg.org/download/eva-data-request-form.docx.

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998 **4 Future developments and outlook**

999 ReSurveyEurope is intended to be a living and dynamic resource, and thus, we expect that it will further grow and mature in the years to come. While a large number of existing resurvey datasets from Europe have already been included in ReSurveyEurope 1.0, we expect and hope that further datasets will become mobilized and contributed. In addition, a number of studies resurveying historic vegetation-plot data are underway, or have been proposed. Thus, we expect that further datasets will be sampled and, hopefully, contributed to ReSurveyEurope. As regular data updates are foreseen, we highly encourage colleagues to provide additional data once they become available. Submission of data sets is possible at any time (see https://euroveg.org/resurvey/ for further information).

1000 In addition, we believe that there is substantial potential for developing further collaborations or joint activities with colleagues and initiatives to expand the scope of ReSurveyEurope. This may include i) expanding the geographic scope, ii) expanding the taxonomic scope, and iii) standardizing and expanding metadata content in ReSurveyEurope.

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To conclude, the ReSurveyEurope consortium is open and interested to discuss suggestions for extending the initiative, and thus encourages colleagues to bring any such ideas forward. As ReSurveyEurope data have become ready for use, several projects have
already been initiated, and further proposals for analyses can be submitted to the
coordinators.

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1018 Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the many colleagues who sampled historical field data that were
later resurveyed and became the basis for the ReSurveyEurope initiative. We also thank Petr
Novotný for an update of EVA website to include ReSurveyEurope information. We appreciate
the comments of two anonymous reviewers on the manuscript.

1023 Author contributions

FE, MC, HB, and SD conceived the original idea for ReSurveyEurope, which was jointly
developed by a core team also including BL, IK, FJ, UJ and SMH. SMH, MC, HB, UJ and IK
designed the database structure. IK compiled the database with help from SMH. IK, EK, MG
and BL created the figures and tables for this article. FE led the writing of the manuscript with
substantial contributions of MC, HB, SD, UJ, and IK. All other authors (ordered alphabetically)
contributed plot data and commented on an advanced version of the manuscript. All authors
agreed with the final manuscript.

1031 Data availability statement

The data used in this paper are derived from the ReSurveyEurope 1.0 database (date of
accession: 1.5.2023). They can be requested from ReSurveyEurope following the Data
Property and Governance Rules of ReSurveyEurope available at
https://euroveg.org/resurvey/.

1036

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