## Poster 76

# Responses of *Cnaphalocrocis medinalis* resistant varieties in rice

Kun-Yu Tu<fnref n="1" />, Tzu-Wei Guo<fnref n="1" />, Hou-Ho Lin<fnref n="1" />, Chung-Ta Liao<fnref n="2" />, Wen-Po Chuang*<fnref n="2" />

Rice leaffolder (*Cnaphalocrocis medinalis* Guenee) is one of major rice pests in Taiwan. Previous studies showed the migratory *C. medinalis* in Taiwan come from Mainland China every year. Thus, we collected *C. medinalis* throughout Taiwan to understand the genetic variation of *C. medinalis* in Taiwan. In addition, we have been selected several rice varieties which showed *C. medinalis* resistant trait in the field test. Thus, we further measured the several defensive enzyme responses (such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL) and trypsin protease inhibitor) of *C. medinalis* resistant varieties against *C. medinalis*. Furthermore, the defensive responsive gene expression and phytohormone profiles in rice is also been examination. In addition, we measured the defensive responses of *C. medinalis* resistant varieties against *C. medinalis* exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature conditions.

Keywords: *Cnaphalocrocis medinalis*, resistant varieties

*Speaker* ²Corresponding author: wenpo@ntu.edu.tw

## Poster 77

# The salivary protein repertoire of the polyphagous spider mite *Tetranychus urticae*: a quest for effectors

Wannes Dermauw*<fnref n="1" />, Wim Jonckheere<fnref n="1" />'<fnref n="2" />, Vladimir Zhurov<fnref n="3" />, Richard M. Clark<fnref n="4" />, Luc Tirry<fnref n="1" />, Merijn Kant<fnref n="5" />, Bartel Vanholme<fnref n="6" />, Gerben Menschaert<fnref n="7" />, Thomas Van Leeuwen<fnref n="1" />'<fnref n="2" />

The two-spotted spider mite *Tetranychus urticae* is an extremely polyphagous crop pest. Alongside an unparalleled detoxification potential for plant secondary metabolites, it has recently been shown that some spider mite lines can attenuate or even suppress plant defenses. Salivary constituents, notably effectors, have been proposed to play an important role in manipulating plant defenses and might determine the outcome of plant-mite interactions In order to collect salivary secretions, mites were allowed to feed on an artificial diet contained within Parafilm hemispheres. As the host plant species is known to have a major impact on mite gene expression profiles, mite lines adapted to distinct plant species (bean, maize, soy, and tomato) were used for the feeding assays. Each host specific sample consisted of 0.3 ml of diet containing the salivary secretions of only 500 spider mites. Analysis with a Thermo Scientific LTQ Velos Orbitrap mass spectrometer revealed the identity of about 90 putative *T. urticae* salivary proteins. Many were of unknown function, and in numerous cases belonged to multi-membered gene families. To distinguish salivary proteins from contamination, the proteomics data were supplemented with RNAseq expression data of the mite body region that includes the salivary glands. Furthermore, host plant dependent production was evident for some putative salivary proteins, which was studied in detail by micro-array based genome-wide expression profiling. Additionally, a subset of genes encoding putative salivary proteins was selected for whole-mount *in situ* hybridization, and were found to be expressed in the anterior or dorsal podocephalic (salivary) glands. This meta-analysis revealed for the first time the salivary protein repertoire of a phytophagous chelicerate. The availability of this salivary proteome is expected to lead to a fundamental understanding of plant-mite coevolution, and may ultimately facilitate the development of mite-resistant crops.

Keywords: effector, LC, MS/MS, host plant, mite-plant interaction

*Speaker*

<footnote n="1">¹ National Taiwan University (NTU), No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan,</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station (TDARES), No. 370 Song Hwai Road, Tatsuen Hsiang, Changhua County, Taiwan</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, Canada</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ Department of Biology, University of Utah, United States</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵ Department of Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands</footnote>

<footnote n="6">⁶ Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="7">⁷ Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium</footnote>
## Poster 78

# Interactions between the courgette *Cucurbita pepo* L. and the cotton aphid *Aphis gossypii* Glover

Maria Cristina Digilio *<fnref n="1" />*, Mariangela Coppola *<fnref n="1" />*, Elena Manco *<fnref n="1" />*, Aleşsia Vitiello *<fnref n="1" />*, Massimo Giorgini *<fnref n="2" />*,
Francesco Pennacchio *<fnref n="1" />*, Rosa Rao *<fnref n="1" />*

The cotton or melon aphid, *Aphis gossypii* Glover, is a pest on different crops. *Cucurbita pepo* is one of its host plants, and it has been used for studying plant response to aphid attack. Here we show the results of a study of the interplay occurring between aphids, the plant response to the aphid challenge, and the aphid behavior in a subsequent infestation. We observed that previous aphid infestation does not impact biological parameters such as longevity and fertility. Conversely it affects the distribution on the plant of the newly produced nymphs, that actively disperse on the plant, rather than starting their feeding activity where they were originally laid, as happens in the control plants. Expression profile of genes involved both in the biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid (SA) and in the SA-mediated defense response evidenced that both gene categories were induced in the infested leaves. This result provides a possible explanation for this behavior as methyl salicylate, a volatile product of SA pathway, is known to promote aphid dispersal.

Interestingly, the dispersal observed upon previous aphid infestation is induced also by saliva application, showing that a salivary component is responsible for the altered gene expression and behaviour observed.

Keywords: plant response, aphid saliva, methyl salicylate, SA pathway

*Speaker

## Poster 79

# *Nicotiana attenuata* distinguishes between different herbivorous insect species by their eggs.

Sylvia Drok *<fnref n="1" />*, Michele Bandoly *<fnref n="1" />*, Sandra Stelzer *<fnref n="1" />*, Tobias Lortzing *<fnref n="1" />*,
Anke Steppuhnz<fnref n="1" />

Plants can recognize insect oviposition and use it as a signal to prepare their defences against the upcoming herbivorous larvae. For example, oviposition-experienced *Nicotiana attenuata* plants increase their induced defences in response to larval herbivory. Feeding by two of its lepidopteran herbivores, *Manduca sexta* and *Spodoptera exigua*, elicits distinct responses in *N. attenuata*, but oviposition by both herbivores enhances these feeding-induced defences in a similar manner. We therefore investigated how oviposition affects the transcriptional and phytohormonal regulation of the plant's species-specific responses to larval feeding.

In a full factorial experimental design, we disentangled the species-specific effects of oviposition and larval feeding by both species. One day after larvae started to feed, as well as one day after oviposition, leaves of oviposited and non-oviposited plants were analysed for levels of JA, JA-Ile, SA and ABA by LC-MS/MS and their transcriptome was examined using microarrays.

Phytohormonal and transcriptomic analyses confirmed two distinct plant responses to feeding of the different herbivores. At the time of larval feeding, the transcriptomic imprint of oviposition was only minor, yet the species-specific plant response to the feeding larvae of each herbivore was shifted on plants that experienced the oviposition by the other species: When prior oviposited by *S. exigua*, the transcriptomic plant response to *M. sexta* feeding became more similar to that of plants that were fed upon by *S. exigua*, and vice versa. Moreover, we found a strong species-specific response directly after oviposition. Oviposition per se did not alter the phytohormone levels at any of the measured time points.

We conclude that *N. attenuata* differentiates between these two herbivore species already by their oviposition, which shapes the species-specific plant response to the subsequent caterpillar feeding.

Keywords: Plant defence, *Nicotiana attenuata*, *Manduca sexta*, *Spodoptera exigua*, insect oviposition, priming, herbivory, microarray, transcriptional responses, phytohormones

*Speaker Corresponding author: a.steppuhn@fu-berlin.de

<footnote n="1">¹ Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II (UNINA), Via Universita 100 80055 Portici, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR IPSP), Via Universita 133 80055 Portici, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Department of Molecular Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität of Berlin (FU Berlin)
Haderslebener Str.9 12163 Berlin, Germany</footnote>
Poster 80

Within-plant distribution and susceptibility of hazelnut cultivars to Hazelnut Gall Midge,
*Mikomya coryli* (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Ali Güncan*z1*, Ebru Gümüş 2

The hazelnut gall midge, *Mikomya coryli* (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is widespread in Europe and the most important cecidomyiid pest of hazelnut. Within-plant distribution, susceptibility of 18 Turkish hazelnut cultivars (Aci, Allahverdi, Cakildak, Cavcava, Fosa, Incekara, Kalinkara, Kan, Karafindik, Kargalak, Kus, Mincane, Palaz, Sivri, Tombul, Uzunmusa, Yassi Badem and Yuvarlak Badem), and the phenology of larvae of this pest in hazelnut leaves and involucres were assessed in 2014 and 2015 in Giresun (Turkey). *M. coryli* distribution differed significantly within different parts of the hazelnut plant. The highest gall numbers of *M. coryli* were found in the middle part (0.70-1.40 m) of the plant in both years. Total gall numbers varied between years: 1779 and 2588 galls were counted in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Susceptibility to *M. coryli* damage varied significantly among the cultivars. The highest leaf gall densities and total numbers of galls were found on leaves and involucres of Allahverdi, Yuvaklak Badem and Yassi Badem cultivars in both years. *M. coryli* larvae were detected between April and June in the leaf galls. The number of larvae in the involucres changed between April and mid-June. Results of the within-plant distribution, *M. coryli* larval phenology, and cultivar pest-susceptibility analyses are presented to enable effective control of the pest as a part of hazelnut integrated pest management.

Keywords: host, plant resistance, hazelnut cultivar, filbert, gall midges, within, plant distribution

*Speaker Corresponding author: guncan.ali@gmail.com*

Poster 81

Does cabbage seeds treated with jasmonic acid and chitosan affect diamondback moth
performance?

Jucelaine Haas *z1:2*, Everton Lozano <fnref n="1" />, Priscila Vitola <fnref n="2" />, Edgar Vismara <fnref n="1" />, Kimiyo Haida <fnref n="3" />,
Sergio Mazaro <fnref n="1" />, Guy Poppy <fnref n="2" />

Plants respond to insect herbivore attack through both constitutive and inducible defensive strategies. The latter allow plants to manage energy reserves more efficiently by synthesising defence compounds only when needed, not spending energy unnecessarily with protection mechanisms. Although, when plants are challenged by herbivores, they may suffer considerable damage before the defence is mounted. Priming can lead to a state of readiness for the induction of the defence response, leading to a reduction of the damage received. It can be triggered by insect damage, pathogens, and exogenous chemicals, such as jasmonic acid. By using *Brassica oleracea* L. var. capitata cv. Derby Day seeds treated with jasmonic acid (JA) and chitosan (CH), we conducted an experimental study to verify whether JA or CH would affect *B. oleracea* leaf area and/or *Plutella xylostella* L (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) performance. For that, second instar *P. xylostella* larvae were placed on the surface of *B. oleracea* fully expanded leaves and the plants were enclosed in perforated ower sleeves and were evaluated daily. Neither JA nor CH affected *B. oleracea* leaf area, duration of *P. xylostella* larval stage or adult emergency percentage, when compared to the control groups. On the other hand, JA significantly reduced *P. xylostella* mean relative growth rate (MRGR), duration of pupal stage and increased preimaginal mortality of *P. xylostella* up to 84%. Regarding oviposition, CH did not affect egg viability, but reduced the total number of eggs (we were not able to evaluate JA, due to high preimaginal mortality). Therefore, long-term defence priming by seed treatment with jasmonic acid and chitosan did not lead to reductions in *B. oleracea* photosynthetic area and affected *P. xylostella* performance.

Keywords: *Brassica oleracea*, *Plutella xylostella*, priming, defence, chewing herbivores

*Speaker Corresponding author: jucelainehaas@utfpr.edu.br*

<footnote n="1">¹ Ordu University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 52200, Ordu, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Hazelnut Research Institute, Teyyaredüzü Mah. Atatürk Bulvari, PK:46, 28200, Giresun, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, UTFPR-DV, Brazil</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² University of Southampton, United Kingdom</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Brazil</footnote>
## Poster 82
### Interaction of beetle polygalacturonases with plant cell wall proteins

Wiebke Häger<sup>*z1</sup>, Yannick Pauchet<sup>1</sup>, David Heckel<sup>1</sup>, Roy Kirsch<sup>1</sup>

The herbivorous mustard leaf beetle *Phaedon cochleariae* feeds on brassicaceous plants and possesses various carbohydrates for the digestion of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Amongst those, polygalacturonases (PGs) facilitate the breakdown of the cell wall polysaccharide pectin. Several plant-derived, cell wall-associated polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are known to inhibit microbial PGs and thus contribute to the plant's defence against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. However, direct interactions between beetle PGs and plant inhibitory proteins have not yet been investigated. Both, PGs and PGIPs, belong to multi-gene families that are believed to be shaped by an evolutionary arms race. Besides intact PGIPs, several inactive PG family members were detected in the beetle gut and PG activity was observed in the gut content. Kirsch et al. (2014) stated that "catalytically inactive proteins may act as "decoy" targets for PGIPs, thus protecting the active PGs from inhibition". We performed interaction studies of *P. cochleariae* PG family members (active and inactive) with crude cell wall protein extracts from the beetle's food plant Chinese cabbage (*Brassica rapa* ssp. *pekinensis*). Plant PGIPs and other leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins were identified by MS/MS as candidates for beetle PG inhibition. Furthermore, we found differential interaction of plant proteins with the tested PG family members, indicating different specificities of plant proteins towards active and inactive PG family members. Heterologous expression of candidate proteins is currently in the process to elucidate the protein inhibitory activity and specificity *in vitro* and will shed light on plant defence against insect PGs in general.

Keywords: beetle, polygalacturonase (PG), polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (PGIP), plant defence, plant cell wall protein

*Speaker <sup>2</sup>Corresponding author: wihaeger@ice.mpg.de

## Poster 83
### What is driving aphid abundance? Effects of intraspecific and intraindividual variation of plants on aphid preference and performance in relation to phloem chemistry

Ruth Jakobs<sup>*z1</sup>, Caroline Müller<sup>1</sup>

Plant traits affecting aphid abundance can differ within plant species but even within plant individuals. *Tanacetum vulgare* (common tansy, Asteraceae) varies in its leaf terpenoid profiles, forming distinct chemotypes. This intraspecific variation influences the abundance of the specialised aphids *Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria* and *Uroleucon tanaceti*. Furthermore, these aphids are found on different plant tissues, indicating also intraindividual variation in phloem quality. Here, aphid preference was investigated for two distinct chemotypes (thujone and trans-carvyl-acetate). Moreover, aphids were fixed on either the upper stems close to the bud, young or old leaves of both chemotypes to test their performance on these tissues. Aphids of both species preferred leaves of the thujone chemotype over those of the trans-carvyl-acetate chemotype. Yet, neither chemotype nor plant part affected survival of *M. tanacetaria* aphids, whereas the number of *M. tanacetaria* offspring was highest on the bud stem. In contrast, *U. tanaceti* aphids survived best on old leaves of the thujone chemotype and showed highest reproduction on old leaves of both chemotypes. Therefore, *M. tanacetaria* aphids seem to occupy a broader niche, while *U. tanaceti* aphids appear to be restricted to older leaves. To test the variation in food quality that affected the aphids, we collected and analysed phloem exudates. We found clear differences in the composition of sugars, organic acids and amino acid composition between different tissues. High concentrations of amino acids and a low ratio of sucrose to amino acids were found in bud stem exudates, which, however, did not necessarily improve aphid performance. In summary, we show that intraspecific and intraindividual variation can affect aphid preference and perfor-mance to different extents, mediated by distinct food quality. Therefore, this study highlights the importance to consider multiple scales to understand what drives aphid abundance.

Keywords: intraspecific and intraindividual variation, specialised aphids, performance, preference, *Tanacetum vulgare*, phloem chemistry

*Speaker <sup>2</sup>Corresponding author: r.jakobs@uni-bielefeld.de

<footnote n="1"><sup>1</sup>Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI-CE), Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany</footnote>
## Poster 84

# Modulation of legume defense signaling pathways by native and non-native pea aphid clones

Carlos Sanchez-Arcos <fnref n="1" />, Jonathan Gershenzon <fnref n="1" />, Grit Kunert *z1

The pea aphid (*Acyrthosiphon pisum*), a phloem-sucking insect, is a complex of at least 15 genetically different biotypes that are native to specific legume plants, but can all develop on the universal host plant *Vicia faba*. It is still not clear why pea aphid biotypes are able to colonize their native hosts while other biotypes are not. When aphids test plant suitability they penetrate the plant and salivate into the plant. Thus plants might react differently to the various pea aphid biotypes and might vary in their defense responses to the different biotypes. In order to test this, we measured the amounts of salicylic acid (SA), the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), other jasmonate precursors and derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) in four different species (*Medicago sativa*, *Trifolium pratense*, *Pisum sativum*, *V. faba*) after infestation by native and non-native pea aphid clones of various biotypes. We also assessed the performance of the clones on the four plant species. On *M. sativa* and *T. pratense* non-native clones were barely able to survive or reproduce, and triggered a strong SA and JA-Ile response. The infestation with native clones however, led to lower levels of both phytohormones. On *P. sativum*, non-native clones survived or reproduced to a certain extent, and induced actuating SA and JA-Ile levels, whereas the native clone triggered only a weak SA and JA-Ile response. On the universal host *V. faba* all aphid clones triggered only low SA levels initially, but induced clone-specific patterns of SA and JA-Ile later on. Our results suggest that *A. pisum* clones manipulate plant-defense signaling to their own advantage, and perform better on their native hosts due to their ability to modulate the SA- and JA-defense signaling pathways.

Keywords: pea aphid, sympatric speciation, plant response, phytohormones

*Speaker *Corresponding author: gkunert@ice.mpg.de

## Poster 85

# Solanum dulcamara's response to insect eggs comprises ovicidal hydrogen peroxide production

Daniel Geuss <fnref n="1" />, Sandra Stelzer <fnref n="1" />, Tobias Lortzing *<fnref n="1" />, Anke Steppuhn²¹

Plants show multifaceted responses to insect oviposition. However, little is known about which of these responses directly affect the eggs and how. We show that the bittersweet night-shade *Solanum dulcamara* kills the eggs of the generalist noctuid herbivore *Spodoptera exigua*. At sites of oviposition, the plant forms neoplasms and chlorotic tissue and accumulates reactive oxygen species as well as defensive proteins. Transcriptome analyses revealed that these responses were reflected in the transcriptional reprogramming of the egg-laden leaf. A plant genotype that does not show chlorotic leaf tissue at the oviposition sites and on which the eggs are exposed to less hydrogen peroxide did not kill the eggs. As we show that exposure to hydrogen peroxide increases egg mortality while supplementation of egg clutches on plants with the hydrogen peroxide decomposing enzyme catalase reduced egg mortality, we suggest that ROS formation directly acts as an ovicidal plant response of *S. dulcamara*.

Keywords: insect eggs, ROS, hypersensitive like response, plant defense, neoplasm

*Speaker *Corresponding author: a.steppuhn@fu-berlin.de

<footnote n="1">¹ Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI-CE), Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany</footnote>
## Poster 86

# Transcriptomic responses of *Solanum dulcamara* to natural and simulated herbivory

Tobias Lortzing *<fnref n="1" />, Vivien Firtzla <fnref n="1" />, Duy Nguyen <fnref n="2" />, Ivo Rieu <fnref n="2" />, Sandra Stelzer <fnref n="1" />, Martina Schad <fnref n="3" />, Jim Kallarackal <fnref n="3" />, Anke Steppuhn²¹

Plants respond to insect herbivory with a variety of defense responses. To study the early transcriptional events after herbivore attack, herbivory is often simulated to standardize the temporal and spatial dynamics that vary tremendously for feeding by a live herbivore. However, to what extent such simulations of herbivory elicit the same plant response as real herbivory remains largely undetermined. We examined the transcriptional response of *Solanum dulcamara* to herbivory by *Spodoptera exigua* larvae and to application of the larvae' oral secretions to standardized wounds, a commonly used herbivory simulation. We designed a microarray for *S. dulcamara* and showed that the transcriptional response to real and to simulated herbivory overlapped moderately by about 40%. Interestingly, certain responses were mimicked better than others; 60% of the genes up-regulated but not even a quarter of the genes down-regulated by herbivory were similarly affected by application of oral secretions to wounds. The regulation of genes involved in signaling, defense and water stress were mimicked well by the simulated herbivory, but most of the genes related to photosynthesis, carbohydrate- and lipid metabolism were exclusively regulated by real larval feeding. Thus, wounding and application of oral secretions decently mimics herbivory-induced defense responses but likely not the reprogramming of primary metabolism induced by real herbivory.

Keywords: *Solanum dulcamara*, microarray, caterpillar herbivory, photosynthesis, plant defense, phytohormone signaling, transcriptomics

*Speaker <fnref n="2" /> Corresponding author:

## Poster 87

# EdenShield products: A new class of ecological substances for insect pests control

Osnat Malka <fnref n="1" />

Greenhouse environments provide a variety of benefits for plant production; however, many greenhouses favor pest development as well. The warm, humid conditions and abundant food are ideal for pest build up. Natural enemies that serve to keep some pests under control in the field are absent in the greenhouse. For these reasons, pest problems often develop more rapidly and are more severe in enclosed systems. Pesticides are important tools in managing greenhouse pests. However, applications in enclosed spaces increase the risk of worker exposure and plants Phytotoxicity. Several desert plants species are well known for their strong odor and their toxic natural products that are stored in the plants trichomes, or hairs. We use the characteristics of the desert plants to develop a family of natural, nontoxic products, to protect crops against insect's damage. Our products are based on extracts of indigenous plants in the Judean Desert. In our study we applied the plants extract in the greenhouse environment and found that it reduced insect's attraction to the plants by causing insects to choose feeding option in other locations. Field tests demonstrated a reduction in greenhouse penetration of thrips, white flies and *Tuta absoluta*. Based on these results we suggest that products as Edeneshield products could be considered as a new class of ecological substances for insect pests control.

Keywords: insect, pests control

<footnote n="1">¹ Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Radboud University, Netherlands</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Oaklabs GmbH, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Jerusalem 91905, Israel</footnote>
## Poster 88

# Plant utilization by phloem feeder insects: Secondary metabolites interacts in primary metabolism

Osnat Malka*<sup>z1</sup>, Michael Easson<sup>2</sup>, Christian Paetz<sup>2</sup>, Lilach Mondaca<sup>3</sup>, Aleksa Stanisic<sup>2</sup>, Michael Reichelt<sup>2</sup>, Jonathan Gershenson<sup>2</sup>, Shai Morin<sup>1</sup>, Daniel Vassao<sup>z 2</sup>

The importance of plant secondary metabolites in determining patterns of host plant utilization is well established in herbivore arthropods, especially on chewing insects. As a matter of fact, the involvement of plant secondary metabolites in determining specific insect-plant interactions in phloem-feeding insects is questioned and controversial. At the same time, phloem feeding insects face a unique challenge when feeding on their host plants, as they are required to overcome the high osmotic potential of the phloem sap by converting sucrose into various oligosaccharides which are excreted as honeydew. Therefore, traits involved in sugar metabolism, have the potential to play an important role in host-plant adaptation in phloem-feeding insects, and might be under strong selection pressure. Taken together, we pose here the hypothesis that research on phloem-feeding-insects interactions with their plant hosts, should focus mainly on primary (sugar and amino-acid) metabolism and its interface with defensive secondary metabolic pathways. In this study, we zoomed-in on the interaction between glucosinolates producing plants and few hemipteran models belonging to the phloem-feeding guild: whiteflies, aphids and mealybugs. Honeydew analysis indicated that all analyzed members were capable of conducting a novel biochemical modification, which involve the sequential additions of multiple glucose moieties to glucosinolates. This modification was found to be unique and was not detected in the frass of other analyzed groups such as leaf-chewers. It is proposed, that the presence, simultaneously, in the gut lumen of phloem feeders, of both glucosinolates (or other defensive glucoside conjugates) and high-levels of non-assimilated glucose (derived from the hydrolysis of sucrose), allowed phloem-feeding insects to evolve an efficient, elegant and energetically cheap solution to handle two major feeding limitations that interfere with successful host utilization: the control of osmotic pressure and the need to detoxify plant defensive chemistry.

Keywords: phloem feeder insects, host plant adaptation, glucose, Secondary metabolites

*Speaker<sup>2</sup> Corresponding author: osnat226@gmail.com<sup>2</sup> Corresponding author

## Poster 89

# Transgenerational consequences of inbreeding and herbivory in *Solanum carolinense*

Chad Nihranz*<sup>z1</sup>, Mark Mescher<sup>2</sup>, Andrew Stephenson<sup>z1</sup>

Plants have evolved diverse physical and chemical defenses against herbivores and pathogens. While some of these defenses are expressed constitutively, others are induced only in response to specific challenges. Inducible defenses allow plants to conserve resources in challenge-free environments, and to tailor defense responses to particular antagonists. Recent evidence indicates that induction of anti-herbivore defenses in one generation may influence the expression of such defenses in subsequent generations, which might provide progeny with a competitive advantage by conferring adaptations to local environmental conditions. Our lab has explored the effects of population-level processes, including inbreeding, on plant-insect interactions involving the perennial weed, horsenettle (*Solanum carolinense*). Previous work has documented significant inbreeding depression for herbivore resistance in horsenettle and shows that inbreeding can compromise defense gene expression and the induction of physical and chemical defenses. In this study, *Manduca sexta* caterpillars were used to inflict weekly damage on inbred and outbred horsenettle plants from three maternal families. These plants were also cross pollinated to produce outbred seeds. The resulting progeny were used to test the hypothesis that both inbreeding and herbivory has transgenerational effects on fitness and defense-related traits in the next generation. Our results show that maternal breeding type and herbivory in the previous generation can have significant effects on fitness-related traits, including rhizome resprout, seedling emergence, and flower production. Additionally, we found evidence for transgenerational induction of leaf trichomes, which can subsequently affect herbivore performance, including leaf consumption rates in no choice tests and weight gain. Overall, our results suggest that herbivory in the previous generation can confer transgenerational responses that affect offspring quality and offspring resistance to herbivores, which could benefit progeny in environments with high levels of herbivore pressure.

Keywords: herbivory, inbreeding, induced defences, trangenerational inheritance, Solanaceae, *Manduca sexta*

*Speaker<sup>2</sup> Corresponding author: ctn118@psu.edu<sup>2</sup> Corresponding author: as4@psu.edu

<footnote n="1"><sup>1</sup> Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel</footnote>

<footnote n="2"><sup>2</sup> Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="3"><sup>3</sup> Sapir College, Israel</footnote>

<footnote n="1"><sup>1</sup> Pennsylvania State University, United States</footnote>

<footnote n="2"><sup>2</sup> ETH, Zurich, Switzerland</footnote>
## Poster 90

# Evolutionary Changes in Floral Traits Mediated by Pollinators and Herbivores in Experimental Evolution

Sergio Ramos*<fnref n="1" />, Florian Schiestl<fnref n="1" />

Pollinators can impose strong selection on oral traits because they mediate reproductive success, however in nature plants interact with a broad biotic community, herbivory by insects being one of the most important interactions that plants are involved into. Therefore, plants are subject to selection exerted by both herbivores and pollinators simultaneously; however, our understanding of how plants, particularly oral traits evolve under herbivory pressure and how the reproductive system is affected is still scarce. The aim of the present study is to investigate the real-time evolutionary changes in flowers of *Brassica rapa* (fast cycling) after six generations of selection by only pollinators (BB, *Bombus terrestris*) and pollinators plus herbivores (BH, Bombus and *Pieris brassicae*). Hand pollinated control plants (CO) were used to test for the effects of genetic drift. Plants of an 8th generation were grown to measure the evolutionary changes. We found that 5 out of 13 flower volatiles showed a significant increase in the BB treatment compared to BH and/or CO. Floral morphometry did not change significantly among treatments, however the patterns showing that flowers from the BB treatment are bigger suggest that these traits can potentially split among treatments with more generations of selection. Changes in the reproductive system suggest that self-compatibility increased in frequency in plants under herbivory and pollinators (BH), as the percentage of plants producing seeds from selfing and outcrossing in this treatment are fairly similar (95 and 92% respectively), while in the BB treatment and CO only 57% and 59% (respectively) of the plants produced seeds from selfing. Seeds produced from spontaneous autogamy were also more frequent in BH (24%), than in BB (10%) and CO (0%). In conclusion, an experimental evolution approach applied to oral evolution questions can allow us to increase our understanding of how plants adapt to different evolutionary scenarios.

Keywords: Experimental evolution, flowers, pollination, herbivory, interactions

*Speaker

## Poster 91

# *Phyllotreta armoraciae* flea beetles combine two strategies to sequester intact glucosinolates from crucifer plants: A rapid uptake and the inhibition of plant myrosinase activity

Theresa Sporer*<fnref n="1" />, Zhi-Ling Yang<fnref n="1" />, Franziska Beran²¹

Plants of the order Brassicales defend themselves against herbivores with the so-called “mustard-oil bomb”. In intact plant tissue, glucosinolates (GLS) are stored separately from the enzyme myrosinase, but upon tissue damage, both components come together which leads to the production of highly reactive isothiocyanates. Phyllotreta flea beetles (Coleoptera: Galerucinae) are specialists on crucifer plants and were previously shown to accumulate high amounts of GLS in their hemolymph. We want to understand how Phyllotreta flea beetles prevent GLS hydrolysis by the plant myrosinase to sequester intact GLS. One possible mechanism is that GLS sequestration is faster than hydrolysis by the plant myrosinase. To determine how fast *P. armoraciae* beetles sequester GLS, we allowed them to feed for one minute on wild-type *Arabidopsis thaliana* (Col-0) leaves, dissected them subsequently into gut and rest of body, and analyzed the plant derived GLS in these tissues via LC-MS/MS. We found similar amounts of GLS in the gut and the rest of body which shows a rapid but not complete uptake of dietary GLS within one minute. Together with the observation of GLS being excreted with the feces, these results indicate that *P. armoraciae* is able to control myrosinase activity during feeding and digestion. Thus, we tested whether *P. armoraciae* gut content influences plant myrosinase activity in enzyme assays by comparing myrosinase activity with and without *P. armoraciae* gut content extracts. Indeed, myrosinase activity was reduced by 53% in assays incubated with beetle extracts. Our next goal is to identify which compound(s) are responsible for this effect.

Keywords: Flea beetle, sequestration, Brassicales, glucosinolate, myrosinase, mustard oil bomb, acitvated plant defense, specialized herbivore, chewing insect

*Speaker*² Corresponding author: fberan@ice.mpg.de

<footnote n="1">¹ Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany (UZH), Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zürich, Switzerland</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI CE) Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany</footnote>
## Poster 92

# Genetics of virulence in pea aphid on *Medicago truncatula* hosts differing in R gene complement

Kanvil, S., Selby, M., Iqbal, J., Lopez-Cobollo, R., Chong, W., Tanny, T., Oteo, G., Wood, A., Tabassum, N., Rashid, U., Nowakowska, S., Kanja, C., Lyu, C., Hui, S., Simon, J-C.<fnref n="1" />, Bos, J.<fnref n="2" />, Powell, G. and Turnbull, C.*

Imperial College London, UK

Although pea aphid is a popular model for speciation and adaptation to different legume species, we know less about how genetic variation impacts on compatibility within a single host species carrying different complements of R genes. Here, we tested clones of pea aphid from different host race groups on *Medicago truncatula* genotypes carrying or lacking the previously mapped QTL, *RAP1*, that confers strong race-specific resistance to certain clones. These patterns of virulence/avirulence and resistance/susceptibility broadly conform to the classic gene-for-gene model. Using laboratory crosses of virulent and avirulent parents to generate several F1, F2 and backcross populations, we show segregation for virulence that is consistent with Mendelian inheritance of a relatively small number of genes with large apparent effects. A single heterozygous locus, dominant for virulence, appears to explain a substantial proportion of variation, with additional loci predicted to contribute to progeny phenotypes. Impact of host genetic background was also found in comparisons of the *M. truncatula* genotype Jemalong A17, in which *RAP1* was originally discovered, with near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from a cross of Jemalong A17 with the susceptible (*rap1*) genotype DZA315.16. Although *RAP1* appears to contribute the majority of resistance, NILs carrying *RAP1* are significantly more susceptible compared with their Jemalong A17 progenitor. We highlight the potential of these aphid populations as resources to reveal the molecular basis of virulence and avirulence, thus providing better understanding of aphid-plant interactions.

*Speaker

## Poster 93

# Identifying natural resistance factors conferring resistance to thrips in Capsicum

Isabella Visschers*<fnref n="1" />, Mirka Macel <fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Janny Peters <fnref n="1" />, Nicole Van Dam <fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="3" />

The demand for more sustainable agriculture practices is becoming increasingly important, especially for control of insect pests. Capsicum is an important crop which strongly suffers from thrips infection. Thrips infestation causes damage of leaves and fruits and leads to the transmission of viruses. Only few insecticides are still effective against thrips, underlining the importance of finding natural resistance within Capsicum. By exploring defense mechanisms in Capsicum varieties we are striving to identify mechanisms conferring resistance to thrips.

First, we developed a high-throughput assay to screen leaf discs of 47 Capsicum accessions for resistance to Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis. We screened each accession over the plant's ontogenetic development (vegetative, flowering and fruit ripening stages). Our results show that the level of resistance to thrips changes over the plants ontogenetic development. Selection of accessions for resistance breeding should thus not only rely on resistance measurements in vegetative plants. The combined resistance measures provided a subset of 11 accessions that were either consistently vulnerable or resistant to thrips.

Because thrips infection is a worldwide problem, the 11 accessions were subjected to field tests in Thailand and India, where *Thrips palmi* and *Scirtothrips dorsalis* are important pests. Preliminary results indicate that accessions resistant to *F. occidentalis* and *T. tabaci* are mostly also resistant to *T. palmi*. This provides evidence that Capsicum possesses general resistance factors to different thrips species.

In addition, we are applying LC-MS based metabolomics to investigate the chemical mechanisms of thrips resistance. The metabolomics profiles were found to be different between species and ontogenetic stages. More interestingly, profiles differed between vulnerable and resistant lines and we are currently identifying compounds of interest. Eventually, metabolites that consistently confer resistance or susceptibility may serve as leads to breed for thrips resistance, which will contribute to green defense against thrips in Capsicum.

Keywords: Capsicum, pepper, *Frankliniella occidentalis*, *Thrips tabaci*, *Thrips palmi*, *Scirtothrips dorsalis*, resistance breeding, insect resistance, vegetable crops, metabolomics

*Speaker

<footnote n="1">¹INRA Rennes, France;</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²University of Dundee, UK</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Radboud University Nijmegen, Huygensgebouw Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² University of Tuebingen, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig, Germany</footnote>
Poster 94

Expansion, Diversity, and Function of Putative Effectors in Gall Midges (Mayetiola)

Ming-Shun Chen<fnref n="1" />

Successful pathogens and parasitic arthropods require genes coding for effector proteins that compromise the hosts' ability to defend themselves, and also require the ability to change these proteins in response to a detrimental change in a host. Gall midges in Mayetiola are very successful in adaptation to changes in host plants. Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of genes expressed in the salivary glands of Hessian fly larvae revealed a large number of genes coding for effector proteins. Multiple members of effector gene families are clustered within short chromosomal regions. Diversifying selection on the clustered members has resulted in proteins with diverse functions. A synchronized mechanism appears to regulate the effector genes exclusively expressed in the salivary glands of the first instar larvae, a critical stage that determines whether or not the insects can make galls successfully. The unusual structure, unique expression profile, and highly polymorphic nature of these effector genes suggest that they are likely the tools for gall making. In addition, the super-diversity specific to the protein coding regions among family members and the unique arrangement of these members within the genome indicated a programmed mechanism to generate super-diversification in effector genes to overcome changes in host plants. Current effort focuses on using crispr cas9 system and RNAi to determine the essentiality and biological functions of specific effector genes.

Keywords: Gall midge, Hessian fly, Mayetiola, Effectors, Plant manipulation

<footnote n="1">¹ Ming-Shun Chen, 3520 Churchill Way, United States</footnote>
## Poster 95

# Muting, distorting and deafening: How ozone pollution affects plant communication

James Blande*<fnref n="1" />, Patricia Sarai Giron Calva <fnref n="1" />, Tao Li <fnref n="2" />;<fnref n="1" />

Plants provide information to other members of their community by releasing complex blends of volatile chemicals. The composition of the chemical blend reflects the physiological status of the plant and the information content can stimulate responses in a range of organisms. A classic example is the plant "cry for help", whereby herbivore-feeding induces the emission of a volatile blend that is attractive to predatory natural enemies of the herbivores. However, predators are not the only possible recipients of this informative volatile blend; neighbouring plants are also potential recipients and have been shown to respond to herbivore-induced plant volatiles by altering their defences.

Although volatile cues and signals have the potential to structure a myriad of interactions between and within trophic levels, they are vulnerable to disturbance. Noise is a critical obstacle to effective communication; in the case of volatile-mediated communication processes, noise can be created by atmospheric pollution. Not only do pollutants mix with volatiles altering the chemical blend, but they react with the chemicals destroying the original compounds and creating new products. The original blend of chemicals is distorted, potentially beyond recognition. Effective volatile-mediated interactions require an organism to release volatile chemicals, for those chemicals to move in the air to a receiving organism, and for that organism to decipher information from those chemicals. In the case of plant-plant interactions, pollutants such as ozone have the potential to undermine each of these junctures. Phytotoxic ozone may alter the emissions of emitter plants, degrade volatile chemicals in the air, and induce stomatal closure in receiver plants.

In this talk, our recent work on the effects of ozone pollution on plant-plant interactions in brassicaceous plants will be presented. Particular focus will be given to progress in understanding the functioning of plant-plant interactions, and the significance of ozone pollution on those interactions.

Keywords: Volatile mediated interactions, ozone, pollution, volatile adsorption, herbivores, Brassicaceae

*Speaker

## Poster 96

# Climate change: impact on plant-aphid-ant interactions

Blanchard Solène <fnref n="1" /> <fnref n="2" />, Detrain Claire <fnref n="2" />, Lognay Georges <fnref n="3" />, Boullis Antoine <fnref n="1" />, Francis Frédéric <fnref n="1" />, Verheggen François <fnref n="1" />

While the impact of climate change on plant or insect communities has been receiving increasing attention during the last decade, plant-insect interactions under a changing environment remain under studied. These interactions are of particular importance as regard to the economically dimension of some crop plants and to the pest status of some insect species. In this project, we raise the hypothesis that the predicted changes in climate for the end of the 21st century will impact multitrophic relationships between herbivorous pests, their host plants and mutualist partners. Some modifications in atmospheric temperature or greenhouse gases concentration could alter the semiochemical interactions and behaviours in such multitrophic systems. Studying relations between plants, aphids and ants is an emblematic case of multitrophic relations involving insect pest and mutualism. In this case, we will evaluate the impact of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and elevated temperature, alone or in combination, on the secondary metabolites previously identified as important mediators of a multitrophic interaction model including a plant (Vicia faba), an aphid pest (Aphis fabae) and an aphid-tending ant (Lasius niger). Special attention will be given to the plant semiochemicals, aphid and ants biologies and pheromones. In a first experiment, winged aphids have been tested in a dual choice assay between two plants grown under ambient or elevated CO₂ concentrations. The results showed that aphids prefer plants which are grown under elevated CO₂ concentration.

Key words: climate change, aphids, ants, plants, multitrophic, crop pest

<footnote n="1">¹ University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, Gembloux Agro-bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Ecologie Sociale, C.P. 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Chimie analytique, Gembloux Agro-bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgique</footnote>
## Poster 97

# Elevated CO2 concentration reduces alarm signaling in aphids

Antoine Boullis *<fnref n="1" />, Bérenice Fassotte <fnref n="1" />, Landry Sarles <fnref n="1" />, Georges Lognay <fnref n="2" />, Maryse Vanderplanck <fnref n="3" />, Stefan Bartram <fnref n="4" />,
Frédéric Francis <fnref n="1" />, Francois Verheggen

Insects often rely on olfaction to communicate with conspecifics. While the chemical language of insects has been deciphered in recent decades, few studies have assessed how changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations might impact pheromonal communication in insects. Here, we hypothesize that changes in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide affect the whole dynamics of alarm signaling in aphids, through modification in host plant quality. We investigated: (1) the production of the active compound (E)-β-farnesene (Eβf), (2) emission behavior when under attack, (3) perception by the olfactory apparatus, and (4) the escape response. We reared two strains of the pea aphid, *Acyrthosiphon pisum*, under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations over several generations. We found that an increase in CO2 concentration reduced the production (i.e., individual content) and emission (released under predation events) of Eβf. While no difference in Eβf neuronal perception was observed, we found that an increase in CO2 strongly reduced the escape behavior expressed by an aphid colony following exposure to natural doses of alarm pheromone.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Acyrthosiphon pisum, (E)-β-farnesene, Signal dynamic

*Speaker

## Poster 98

# Plant-aphid hover fly interaction under elevated CO2 concentration:
oviposition behavior and larval development

Antoine Boullis *<fnref n="1" />, Frederic Francis <fnref n="1" />, Francois Verheggen <fnref n="1" />

Performance of natural enemies of insect pests is mainly driven by their ability to find food sources or oviposition sites. These suitable resources are often detected through the perception of volatiles cues. Nevertheless, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration may affect the semiochemistry of plant-insect relationship and thus affect the associated behaviors of predators. Here we test the hypothesis that an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration will modify the laying behavior of aphidophagous hover fly females *Episyrphus balteatus* De Geer, as well as their larval development. Plants infested with aphids were grown either under ambient or elevated CO2 conditions. Infested plants grown under aCO2 and eCO2 conditions were presented simultaneously to hover flies. The clutch size on each plant was then analyzed. Even if females have laid eggs on both plants for almost replicates, the results revealed a significant great number of eggs laid on aCO2 plants. In addition, *E. balteatus* larvae fed with aphids from either aCO2 or eCO2 conditions ad libitum were daily measured (length and weight) until pupation. Any significant difference was observed between these two groups of larvae, indicating that CO2 concentration do not affect the diet quality of aphid predators. We can conclude that odors emitted by plant/aphid complexes may be altered by atmospheric changes and influence the behavior of syrphid females, but the adaptation of the clutch size is not associated with the diet quality.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide, *Episyrphus balteatus*, Semiochemicals, *Acyrthosiphon pisum*

*Speaker

<footnote n="1">¹ Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive - Université de Liège, Unité d'Entomologie fonctionnelle et evolutive, Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés, 2 B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Chimie Analytique - Gembloux Agro Bio Tech - Université de Liège, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Research institute for biosciences - Université de Mons, Place du parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Ammerbach, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany,</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive - Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés, 2 B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium</footnote>
Poster 99

# Testing the Preference-Performance hypothesis on natural populations of *Arabidopsis halleri* distributed along an elevation gradient

James Buckley*z1, Foteini Paschalidou<fnref n="1" />, Martin Fischer<fnref n="1" />, Alex Widmer<fnref n="1" />, Mark Mescher<fnref n="1" />, Consuelo De Moraes<fnref n="1" />

The Preference-Performance Hypothesis (PPH) states that gravid female insects will prefer to lay eggs on plants on which their offspring fitness will be greatest. Females can distinguish between different plant species, as well as among genotypes within a species, that vary in their quality as larval food resources. However, it is less clear how plant adaptation along environmental gradients, such as elevation gradients, might directly or indirectly impact on the preference of gravid females for different populations. Adaptive variation in defensive traits in response to changing herbivore pressure along elevation gradients has been observed, with associated changes in larval performance on these populations. In addition, adaptation to abiotic factors that change with elevation can indirectly affect larval performance. However, in most cases variation in herbivore performance on populations from different elevations has not been linked to adult preference. In this study, we assess whether a specialist, *Pieris brassicae*, differs in oviposition preferences for genotypes from different elevations and test whether *P. brassicae* prefers plants on which their offspring perform best. Our results suggest reduced preference of *P. brassicae* for laying eggs on genotypes from two of the highest elevation populations. A second experiment focusing on just these two high and two low populations confirmed this pattern, and also showed significantly reduced larval growth rates on one of the highest elevation populations, consistent with the PPH. We will compare these results to variation in chemical defence induction and leaf structural traits (e.g. specific leaf area) among populations to understand the factors driving variation in larval performance on these four populations from different elevations. Together, these results help understand how environmental gradients can shape variation in key plant traits and how this can affect higher order interactions with herbivorous insects.

Keywords: host preference, elevation gradients, adaptation, defense induction

*Speaker Corresponding author: james.buckley@env.ethz.ch

Poster 100

# Light intensity-mediated induction of trichome-associated defenses increases resistance against thrips in tomato

Rocio Escobar-Bravo*z1, Jasmijn Ruijgrok<fnref n="1" />, Kim Hye Kyon<fnref n="1" />, Peter Klinkhamer<fnref n="1" />, Kirsten Leiss<fnref n="1" />

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels play an important role in plant-insect interactions by modulating plant defenses. In particular, tomato type-VI leaf glandular trichomes, which are important physical and chemical defensive structures against arthropod herbivores, are induced under increasing PAR conditions. The biological significance of PAR-mediated induction of trichomes for tomato defenses, however, has been poorly characterized. Here we used the tomato mutant odourless-2 (od-2), deficient in type-VI trichomes density and chemistry, to test the influence of different PAR conditions on trichome-mediated defenses and resistance against the Western ower thrips *Frankliniella occidentalis*. Our results showed that, compared to low PAR, high PAR increased resistance against thrips in wild-type plants, but not in od-2. Furthermore, preference assays demonstrated that thrips preferred high PAR-treated od-2 plants over high PAR -treated wild-type plants. PAR conditions had a great impact on plant physiology, independent of the plant genotype; plants grown under high PAR had a reduced stem length, increased leaf number, and increased leaf thickness. In addition, a non-targeted NMR metabolic analysis revealed that leaves from both genotypes experienced similar metabolic changes when exposed to high PAR conditions. However, whereas type-VI trichome density was higher under high PAR in both tomato genotypes, only wild-type plants produced more trichome-associated allelochemicals, i.e. terpenes and phenolics. Overall, our results suggest that high PAR -mediated induction of trichome-associated chemical defenses have a greater impact on tomato resistance against thrips than the reinforcement of leaf thickness or changes in non-trichome related primary and secondary plant metabolites. This highlights the importance of light conditions to increase crop protection against pests in agriculture systems.

Keywords: *Frankliniella occidentalis*, light intensity, photosynthetically active radiation, thrips, tomato, trichomes, volatiles, terpenes.

*Speaker Corresponding author: r.bravo@biology.leidenuniv.nl

<footnote n="1">¹ETH Zurich, Switzerland</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹Institute Biology Leiden (IBL), Faculty of Science PO Box 9516 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands</footnote>
## Poster 101

# Effect of temperature on development of *Chaetoptelius vestitus* (Muls & Rey)
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on *Pistacia vera* L.

Ibtihel Ghrissi *<fnref n="1" />, Mohamed Braham *<fnref n="2" />, Imen Said *<fnref n="1" />

The pistachio bark beetle, *Chaetoptelius vestitus* Muls & Rey (1860) is a major pest of pistachio trees. In the world, there is a little work relating to the biology and ecology of the species. Thus, in this study, the effect of temperature on developmental process, survival and reproduction of the insect was studied at three constant temperatures 25, 30 and 35.0 C and at 16:8 (L:D) hour photoperiod in the laboratory. The developmental periods for egg, larval, and pupal stages decreased in correlation with increased temperature. In this study, we determined rates of immature stages (larval and pupal) for *C. vestitus* in each temperature, developed linear regression models to describe the effect of temperature on developmental rate. There were significant differences in the rate of development among the temperature for larval developmental (from oviposition to peak emergence of larvae) and pupal developmental (from larval to peak emergence of adults). The larval instars, consisting of 5 instars, took significantly less time in each increasing temperature. *C. vestitus* development from egg to adult took significantly less time at each increasing temperature. Results concerning the development of immature stages showed that mean duration of total larval development and pupa were 55.37 +/- 7.010, and 14.79 +/- 4.857 days at 25 C, 36.69 +/- 3.203, and 9.32 +/- 1.106 days at 30 C, and 26.74 +/- 2.984, and 4.60 +/- 0.876 days at 35 C, respectively. These facts indicated that *C. vestitus* accomplished its total immature stage development in 128.93 +/- 18.797 days at 25 C, 84.651 +/- 9.097 days at 30 C, and 52.60 +/- 9.524 days at 35 C. The basis for these development data will be a useful key factor to assess control strategies.

Keywords: *Chaetoptelius vestitus*, Pistacia, development time variation, developmental rate, temperature, population, mortality, fecundity

*Speaker

## Poster 102

# Impact of climate change on below ground tritrophic interactions in maize

Anouk Guyer *<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Christelle Robert*²¹, Matthias Erb²¹

Climate change has tremendous effects on plant-herbivore interactions, but little is known about its impact on predation by the third trophic level. We investigated the effects of soil moisture on interaction between maize plants, the western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera) and soil-borne natural enemies of WCR. A pot experiment in the field revealed that increasing soil moisture levels positively influenced plant growth (biomass, height, ASI) and cob mass. WCR infestation strongly reduced plant height. Cob weight was decreased by WCR under low moisture levels, but increased under high moisture. Inoculation with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) did not influence the interaction, as the EPNs died rapidly in the warm and dry soil. Ants of the species *Solenopsis molesta* on the other hand invaded the experiment, were more abundant in WCR infested pots and predated WCR independently of soil moisture levels. Root biomass was increased in the presence of ants. Furthermore, the ants attenuated the moisture-dependent effects of WCR on cob weight. Our study identifies *S. molesta* as a new natural enemy of WCR and suggests that *S. molesta* reduces the climate-dependent impact of WCR on plant performance. Enhancing the abundance and efficacy of adapted natural enemies may therefore protect crops from the negative impact of herbivores under climate change.

Keywords: climate change, tritrophic interaction, *Diabrotica virgifera*, natural enemies

*Speaker*<fnref n="2" /> Corresponding authors

<footnote n="1">¹ Faculty of science of Gafsa, Tunisia</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² CRRHAB Chott mariem Sousse, Tunisia</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Switzerland</footnote>
Poster 103

Impacts of drought stress on caterpillars and defensive responses of tomato

Po-An Lin*<fnref n="1" />, Amin Azfal <fnref n="2" />, Nancy Shedd <fnref n="2" />, Gary Felton <fnref n="1" />

The ability for plants to respond accurately upon specific stressor or stresses combination is important to the survival of plants. Water stress and herbivory often co-occur as two of the most important stressors affecting survival and distribution of plants. The ability for plant to respond to single stressor, either herbivory or water stress, are well studied. However, how water stress affects the ability for plant to respond against insects are less addressed. Using Tomato, *Solanum lycopersicum* L. cv. Better Boy, and two pest species, tomato fruitworm, *Helicoverpa zea*, and tobacco hornworm, *Manduca sexta*, we study the impact of drought stress on (1) plant primary metabolites, (2) herbivore performance, and (3) plant defensive response against insects. Drought stress were divided into three levels: severe, moderate and well-watered. Insect damages were introduced after the establishment of drought stress. Primary metabolites, and activity of two defensive proteins, polyphenol oxidase and protease inhibitors, were analysed to determine the nutritional status and defensive responses of treated plants. Drought stress lead to slight changes in primary metabolite compositions in tomato leaf tissue. Moderate drought stress has a positive impact on generalist pest species *H. zea* on tomato leaf, whereas, specialist pest *M. sexta* are negatively affected by drought stress. Severe drought stress increases the constitutive defensive response of tomato leaf, but decreases the inducibility of defensive response. Well-watered tomato have a lower constitutive defensive response, and a higher inducibility of such defense. We observed altered defense allocation patterns in plant challenged by insect under different drought severity. In conclusion, herbivore of different host specificity were indirectly affected by drought stress differently. The results suggested that drought stress differentially alters the dynamics of plant-insect interaction among insect herbivores, potentially having a broader impact on community and ecosystem dynamics.

Keywords: drought, biotic stress, abiotic stress, tomato, water stress, generalist, specialist
*Speaker

<footnote n="1">¹ Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, United States</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, United States</footnote>
## Poster 104

# Root-derived attractants for larvae of the cabbage root fly *Delia radicum* to be used in novel control strategies

Apostolos Kapranas*<fnref n="1" />, Ted Turlings <fnref n="1" />

Cabbage root fly *Delia radicum* L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is an important pest of brassica crops. We are currently screening for possible root-derived attractants that can be used in a lure and kill formulations to fight the pest. In laboratory assays it was confirmed that cabbage root fly larvae are strongly attracted to dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), which is emitted by root fly-infested roots of Brassica plants. Current efforts are focused on identifying additional root-derived attractants and feeding stimulants. These compounds will then be incorporated in alginate-based beads bearing entomopathogenic nematodes, with the aim to attract the larvae and have them feed on beads with the lethal nematodes. Our progress on this novel pest control strategy will be discussed.

Keywords: *Delia radicum*, root herbivores, attractants, entomopathogenic nematodes, lure and kill strategy

*Speaker

## Poster 105

# Unravelling the role of *Bemisia tabaci* - plant associations in the species diversification

Shai Morin *<fnref n="1" />, Ester Feldmesser <fnref n="2" />, Diego Santos-Garcia <fnref n="3" />, Susan Seal <fnref n="4" />,
John Colvin <fnref n="4" />, Osnat Malka <fnref n="3" />

*Bemisia tabaci* is considered a generalist species complex containing at least 35 species. The understanding of the mechanisms driving this unusual diversification is limited, but largely focus on allopatric forces (separation by migration of the continents), and assume that most species share a similar broad host range. Recent meta-analysis of field sampling data suggests, however, that sympatric species within each continent, are more host-specific than commonly thought, with only few species showing true generalism. Therefore, it is quite likely that during evolution, various species acquired many genetic changes that relate to their ability to utilize plant hosts. These plant-related differences might have contributed to the speciation process that led to the establishment of multiple species at the same geographic range. In this study, we compared the expression pattern of a set of 298 P450s, GSTs, COEs, UGTs, sulfotransferases and ABC transporters detoxification genes, present in the *B. tabaci* transcriptome, using six symetric and allopatric species and four plant hosts: eggplant (common non-toxic host) and pepper, cassava and kale (known to produce toxic plant chemicals). We also monitored the performance of the six species on the four plant hosts. These performance assays indicated that the six species can be divided into two groups, one with extended (generalists) and one with restriced host range. In parallel, we found the same grouping pattern when the species were clustered according to the expression pattern of their detoxification genes, despite the fact that the three generalist species (which clustered together) represent three different genetic (continental) gropus. The observed putative correlation between the expression pattern of the detoxification system and the insect's feeding habit, supports the possibility that plant hosts played an important role in the evolution of the species complex. The possible links between our findings and the oscillation hypothesis of speciation will be discussed.

Keywords: Polyphagy, Species complex, Host, plant association, Microevolutionary changes, Genomic signatures, Positive selection, *Bemisia tabaci*

*Speaker

<footnote n="1">¹ Université de Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹ Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Jerusalem 91905, Israel</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ University of Greenwich, United Kingdom</footnote>
Poster 106

Distinct shaping of gene expression profiles in an oligophagous beetle by long-term versus short-term experiences with different host plants

Caroline Müller* <fnref n="1" />, Heiko Vogel <fnref n="2" />, David Heckel <fnref n="2" />

Herbivorous insects need to adjust their enzymatic machinery to their specific host plant diet. Such short-term physiological adaptations are likely also influenced by long-term experiences with certain host plant species. Applying an experimental evolutionary approach, we investigated effects of long-term experience versus reciprocal short-term responses to different host plants in the oligophagous mustard leaf beetle *Phaedon cochleariae* (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). After 26 generations of exclusive experience with one of three host plant species, *Brassica rapa*, *Nasturtium officinale* or *Sinapis alba*, freshly hatched larvae were maintained on these plants or moved to one of the other host plants for ten days. Subsequently, global transcriptional signatures were investigated in these larvae. Microarray experiments revealed that, dependent on the original and recent host plant experience, between 1 and 16 % of all 25,227 putative genes were differentially expressed compared to the control line constantly kept on *B. rapa*. For lines that were maintained on their host species for long-term, differences in gene expression levels were moderate. In contrast, short-term switches from *B. rapa* to another host caused only minor changes in the transcriptome, whereas shifts to *B. rapa* led to substantial changes. Mainly genes related to metabolism, digestion and general cellular processes were differentially regulated. In conclusion, transcriptional plasticity in these genes plays a key role in long- and short-term responses of herbivores to adjust to changing host plant conditions.

Keywords: detoxification, host plant shift, molecular evolution

*Speaker

<footnote n="1">¹ Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Germany</footnote>
<table><thead><tr><td>List of participants</td><td>ORGANIZATION</td><td>COUNTRY</td><td>PAGE</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AARTSMA Yavanna<br>yavanna.aartsma@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>51, 127</td></tr><tr><td>ABBOT Patrick<br>patrick.abbot@vanderbilt.edu</td><td>Vanderbilt University</td><td>US</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>ACHEUK Fatma<br>fatma.acheuk@yahoo.fr</td><td>University of Boumerdes</td><td>DZ</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>AMIENS Edwige<br>edwige.amiens@inra.fr</td><td>INRA-Amiens</td><td>FR</td><td>53, 116</td></tr><tr><td>ARADOTTIR Gudbjorg<br>gia.aradottir@rothamsted.ac.uk</td><td>Rothamsted Research</td><td>GB</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>AUGER-ROZENBERG Marie-Anne<br>marie-anne.auger-rozenberg@inra.fr</td><td>INRA</td><td>FR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AYMAN Elsayed<br>ayman.khamis77@gmail.com</td><td>Kagoshima University</td><td>JP</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>BAKHTIARI Moe<br>Mojtaba.bakhtiari@unine.ch</td><td>University of Neuchatel</td><td>CH</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>BAKSAY Sandra<br>sandra.baksay@univ-tlse3.fr</td><td>CNRS UMR 5174</td><td>FR</td><td>108</td></tr><tr><td>BASSETTI Niccolò<br>niccolo.bassetti@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>BAUDE Mathilde<br>mathilde.baude@univ-orleans.fr</td><td>University of Orléans</td><td>FR</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>BECKER Christine<br>christine.becker@inra.fr</td><td>INRA PACA<br>Institut Sophia Agrobiotech</td><td>FR</td><td>53, 116</td></tr><tr><td>BEHMER Spencer<br>s-behmer@tamu.edu</td><td>Texas A&M University</td><td>US</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>BENNETT Alison<br>Alison.Bennett@hutton.ac.uk</td><td>James Hutton Institute</td><td>GB</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>BERAN Franziska<br>fberan@ice.mpg.de</td><td>Max Planck Institute for Chemical<br>Ecology</td><td>DE</td><td>129, 138</td></tr><tr><td>BEUKEBOOM Leo<br>l.w.beukeboom@rug.nl</td><td>University of Groningen</td><td>NL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BIERE Arjen<br>a.biere@nioo.knaw.nl</td><td>Netherlands Institute of Ecology</td><td>NL</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>BISCHOFF Masha<br>mbischoff@bio.tu-darmstadt.de</td><td>TU Darmstadt</td><td>DE</td><td>116</td></tr><tr><td>BLAAZER Charlotte Joséphine<br>c.j.h.blaazer@uva.nl</td><td>University of Amsterdam</td><td>NL</td><td>129</td></tr><tr><td>BLANDE James<br>james.blande@uef.fi</td><td>University of Eastern Finland</td><td>FI</td><td>141</td></tr><tr><td>BLATT Suzanne<br>suzanne.blatt@agr.gc.ca</td><td>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada</td><td>CA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BLATT-JANMAAT Kaitlyn<br>kaitlyn.blatt-janmaat@hotmail.ca</td><td></td><td>CA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BODY Melanie<br>melanie.body@gmail.com</td><td>University of Missouri</td><td>US</td><td>130</td></tr><tr><td>BONT Zoe<br>zoe.bont@ips.unibe.ch</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>100,117</td></tr><tr><td>BOROWIEC Nicolas<br>nicolas.borowiec@inra.fr</td><td>INRA</td><td>FR</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>BOUCHON Didier<br>didier.bouchon@univ-poitiers.fr</td><td>University of Poitiers<br>Unitec Institute of Technology</td><td>FR<br>NZ</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>BOULAIN Hélène<br>helene.boulain@inra.fr</td><td>INRA</td><td>FR</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>BOULLIS Antoine<br>aboullis@ulg.ac.be</td><td>Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech University of<br>Liège</td><td>BE</td><td>94,108,117<br>,118,141,<br>142</td></tr><tr><td>BROSSET Agnès<br>agnes.brosset@etu.univ-tours.fr</td><td></td><td>FR</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>BUCKLEY James<br>james.buckley@env.ethz.ch</td><td>ETH Zürich</td><td>CH</td><td>143</td></tr><tr><td>BUSCH Andre<br>abusch@ice.mpg.de</td><td>Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical<br>Ecology</td><td>DE</td><td>118</td></tr></tbody></table>
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

SIP 16

<table><tr><td>BUSTOS SEGURA Carlos bustosc@gmail.com</td><td>University of Neuchatel</td><td>CH</td><td>101,119, 126</td></tr><tr><td>CARBONNELLE Sébastien carbogalles@gmail.com</td><td>Cercles des Naturalistes de Belgique</td><td>BE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CASAS Jérôme casas@univ-tours.fr</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>CHEN Ming-shun mchen@ksu.edu</td><td>USDA-ARS</td><td>US</td><td>140</td></tr><tr><td>CHEN Yayuan yayuan.chen@slu.se</td><td>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences</td><td>SE</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>CHIRIBOGA Xavier xavagrobiotica@hotmail.com</td><td>University of Neuchatel</td><td>FR</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>CHRÉTIEN Lucille lucille.chretien@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>CHUANG Wen-Po wenpo@ntu.edu.tw</td><td>National Taiwan University</td><td>TW</td><td>131</td></tr><tr><td>CORTESERO Anne Marie anne-marie.cortesero@univ-rennes1.fr</td><td>University of Rennes 1</td><td>FR</td><td>124</td></tr><tr><td>CUNY Maximilien maxcuny@hotmail.com</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td>55, 120</td></tr><tr><td>CUSUMANO Antonino antonino.cusumano@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>22, 102</td></tr><tr><td>DA LAGE Jean-Luc jean-luc.da-lage@egce.cnrs-gif.fr</td><td>CNRS</td><td>FR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DEDEINE Franck franck.dedeine@univ-tours.fr</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>DELPON Gaël gael.delpon@cefe.cnrs.fr</td><td>University of Montpellier</td><td>FR</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>DERMAUW Wannes dermauwwannes@gmail.com</td><td>Ghent University</td><td>BE</td><td>131</td></tr><tr><td>DESNEUX Nicolas nicolas.desneux@inra.fr</td><td>INRA</td><td>FR</td><td>53, 116</td></tr><tr><td>DESURMONT Gaylord gdesurmont@ars-ebcl.org</td><td>EBCL USDA ARS</td><td>US</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>DICKE Marcel marcel.dicke@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>FR</td><td>22, 42, 45, 51, 59, 60, 63, 69, 114, 126</td></tr><tr><td>DIGILIO Maria Cristina digilio@unina.it</td><td>Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II"</td><td>IT</td><td>132</td></tr><tr><td>DRIZOU Fryni fryni.drizou@nottingham.ac.uk</td><td>University of Nottingham</td><td>GB</td><td>109</td></tr><tr><td>DROK Sylvia sylviadrok@gmail.com</td><td>Freie Universität of Berlin</td><td>DE</td><td>132</td></tr><tr><td>DUBREUIL-FABRE Géraldine geraldine.dubreuil@univ-tours.fr</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DUYCK Pierre-François duyck@cirad.fr</td><td>CIRAD</td><td>FR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DYER Lee nolaclimber@gmail.com</td><td>University of Nevada Reno</td><td>US</td><td>16, 105</td></tr><tr><td>EAKTEIMAN Galit galit.ts@gmail.com</td><td>Hebrew University of Jerusalem</td><td>FR</td><td>110</td></tr><tr><td>EISENRING Michael michael.eisenring@agroscope.admin.ch</td><td>Agroscope</td><td>FR</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>ERB Matthias matthias.erb@ips.unibe.ch</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>25, 68, 99, 100, 117, 122, 127, 144</td></tr><tr><td>ESCOBAR-BRAVO Rocio r.bravo@biology.leidenuniv.nl</td><td>Leiden University</td><td>NL</td><td>143</td></tr><tr><td>FATICOV Maria maria.faticov@su.se</td><td>Stockholm University</td><td>SE</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>FATOUROS Nina nina.fatouros@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>93, 110, 113, 122</td></tr><tr><td>FAURE Sébastien sebastien.faure@biogemma.com</td><td>BIOGEMMA</td><td>FR</td><td>124</td></tr></table>
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

<table><tr><td>FELTON Gary</td><td>Penn State University</td><td>FR</td><td>64, 145</td></tr><tr><td>gwfl0@psu.edu</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FERNANDEZ DE BOBADILLA Maite</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>maite.fernandezdebobadilla@wur.nl</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FERNANDEZ-CONRADI Pilar</td><td></td><td>FR</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>pilar.fernandez-conradi@inra.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FIRTZLAFF Vivien</td><td>Freie Universität Berlin</td><td>DE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>vfirtzlaff@zedat.fu-berlin.de</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FORMENTI Ludovico</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>ludovico.formenti@unine.ch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FRAGO Enric</td><td>CIRAD</td><td>FR</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>enric.frago@cirad.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GARNAS Jeff</td><td>University of New Hampshire</td><td>US</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>jeff.garnas@unh.edu</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GHISSI Ibthiel</td><td>Regional Center of Research in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture Chott-Mariem Sousse</td><td>TN</td><td>119, 144</td></tr><tr><td>ibthiel-1988@hotmail.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GIRON David</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td>42, 65, 130</td></tr><tr><td>david.giron@univ-tours.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GOLS Rieta</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>rieta.gols@wur.nl</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GUIGUET Antoine</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>antoine.guiguet@etu.univ-tours.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GUNCAN Ali</td><td>Ordu University</td><td>TR</td><td>133</td></tr><tr><td>guncan.ali@gmail.com</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GUYER Anouk</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>144</td></tr><tr><td>anouk.guyer@ips.unibe.ch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HAAS Jucelaine</td><td>Federal University of Technology Parana</td><td>BR</td><td>133</td></tr><tr><td>jucelainehaas@gmail.com</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HÄGER Wiebke</td><td>Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology</td><td>DE</td><td>134</td></tr><tr><td>wihaeger@ice.mpg.de</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HARRIS Marion</td><td>North Dakota State University</td><td>US</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>marion.harris@ndsu.edu</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HOUADRIA Mickal</td><td>Institute of Entomology</td><td>CZ</td><td>120</td></tr><tr><td>mickal.houafria@free.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HU Lingfei</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>25, 99</td></tr><tr><td>lingfei.hu@ips.unibe.ch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HUANG Wei</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>100, 117</td></tr><tr><td>wei.huang@ips.unibe.ch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HUGUET Elisabeth</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td>130</td></tr><tr><td>elisabeth.huguet@univ-tours.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>JACCARD Charlyne</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td>120</td></tr><tr><td>charlyne.jaccard@unine.ch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>JAKOBS Ruth</td><td>Bielefeld University</td><td>DE</td><td>134</td></tr><tr><td>r.jakobs@uni-bielefeld.de</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>JAVAL Marion</td><td>INRA</td><td>FR</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>marion.javal@inra.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>JUNG Chansik</td><td>National Institute of Forest Science</td><td>KR</td><td>98, 111</td></tr><tr><td>csjung@korea.kr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KAISER Wilfried</td><td>University of Tours CNRS</td><td>FR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>kaiser@univ-tours.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KALOSHIAN Isgouhi</td><td>University of California</td><td>US</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>isgouhi.kaloshian@ucr.edu</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KAPLAN Ian</td><td>Purdue University</td><td>US</td><td>46, 111</td></tr><tr><td>ikaplan@purdue.edu</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KAPRANAS Apostolos</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td>146</td></tr><tr><td>apostolos.kapranas@unine.ch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KARAGEORGI Marianthi</td><td>IBDM, Marseille</td><td>FR</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>marianthi.karageorgi@univ-amu.fr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KAWAKITA Atsushi</td><td>Kyoto University</td><td>JP</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>kawakita@ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KERGUNTEUIL Alan</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>alan.kergunteuil@unine.ch</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KIRSCH Roy</td><td>Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology</td><td>DE</td><td>67, 134</td></tr><tr><td>rkirsch@ice.mpg.de</td><td>Institute Biology Leiden</td><td>FR</td><td>112, 143</td></tr><tr><td>KLINKHAMER Peter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>p.g.l.klinkhamer@biology.leidenuniv.nl</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

SIP 16

<table><tr><td>KONNO Kotaro<br/>konno@affrc.go.jp</td><td>Institute of Agrobiological Sciences,<br/>National Agriculture and Food Research<br/>Organization (NARO)</td><td>JP</td><td>102</td></tr><tr><td>KOSKI Tuuli-Marjaana<br/>tmhkos@utu.fi</td><td>University of Turku</td><td>FI</td><td>121</td></tr><tr><td>KUNERT Grit<br/>gkunert@ice.mpg.de</td><td>Max Planck Institute for Chemical<br/>Ecology</td><td>DE</td><td>135</td></tr><tr><td>LAIHONEN Miika<br/>mvplai@utu.fi</td><td>University of Turku</td><td>FI</td><td>112</td></tr><tr><td>LAPLANCHE Diane<br/>diane.laplanche@gmail.com</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LAVOIR Anne-Violette<br/>anne-violette.lavoir@inra.fr</td><td>INRA-Sophia Antipolis</td><td>FR</td><td>53, 116</td></tr><tr><td>LEISS Kirsten<br/>K.A.Leiss@biology.leidenuniv.nl</td><td>Leiden University</td><td>NL</td><td>112, 143</td></tr><tr><td>LI Tao<br/>tao.li@bio.ku.dk</td><td>University of Copenhagen</td><td>DK</td><td>75, 141</td></tr><tr><td>LIN Po-An<br/>poanlin1@hotmail.com</td><td>Pennsylvania State University</td><td>US</td><td>145</td></tr><tr><td>LOPEZ-VAAMONDE Carlos<br/>carlos.lopezvaamonde@inra.fr</td><td>INRA-Centre Val de Loire</td><td>FR</td><td>31, 65</td></tr><tr><td>LORTZING Tobias<br/>tobias.lortzing@fu-berlin.de</td><td>Freie Universität Berlin</td><td>DE</td><td>132, 135,<br/>136</td></tr><tr><td>LUCAS-BARBOSA Dani<br/>dani.lucasbarbosa@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>42, 45, 58,<br/>60</td></tr><tr><td>MACEL Mirka<br/>mirkamacel@gmail.com</td><td>Radboud University Nijmegen</td><td>NL</td><td>76, 139</td></tr><tr><td>MACHADO Ricardo<br/>ricardo.machado@ips.unibe.ch</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>68, 122</td></tr><tr><td>MALKA Osnat<br/>osnat226@gmail.com</td><td>Hebrew University of Jerusalem</td><td>FR</td><td>110, 136,<br/>137, 146</td></tr><tr><td>MARTINEZ Gonzalo<br/>gmartinez@tb.inia.org.uy</td><td>Instituto Nacional de Investigación<br/>Agropecuaria</td><td>UY</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>MARTINEZ-MEDINA Ainhoa<br/>ainhoa_martinez.medina@idiv.de</td><td>German Centre for Integrative<br/>Biodiversity Research</td><td>FR</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>MAYER Veronika<br/>veronika.mayer@univie.ac.at</td><td>University of Vienna</td><td>FR</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>MEREGHETTI Valeria<br/>valeria.mereghetti@unimi.it</td><td>University of Milan</td><td>IT</td><td>113</td></tr><tr><td>MERTENS Daan<br/>daan.mertens@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>MOISAN Kay<br/>kay.moisan@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>MORIN Shai<br/>shai.morin@mail.huji.ac.il</td><td>Hebrew University</td><td>IL</td><td>27, 77,<br/>105, 116,<br/>137, 146</td></tr><tr><td>MÜLLER Caroline<br/>caroline.mueller@uni-bielefeld.de</td><td>Bielefeld University</td><td>DE</td><td>70, 134</td></tr><tr><td>NIHRANZ Chad<br/>chadnihranz@gmail.com</td><td>Pennsylvania State University</td><td>US</td><td>137</td></tr><tr><td>NORONHA Christine<br/>christine.noronha@agr.gc.ca</td><td>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada</td><td>CA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>OHSHIMA Issei<br/>issei@kpu.ac.jp</td><td>Kyoto Prefectural University</td><td>JP</td><td>65, 121</td></tr><tr><td>OKAMURA Yu<br/>0707yu@gmail.com</td><td>Chiba University</td><td>JP</td><td>104</td></tr><tr><td>PALMER Todd<br/>tmp@ufl.edu</td><td>University of Florida</td><td>US</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>PANIAGUA VOIROL Luis R<br/>rodolfo@zedat.fu-berlin.de</td><td>Freie Universität Berlin</td><td>DE</td><td>110, 113</td></tr><tr><td>PASCHALIDOU Foteini<br/>foteini.paschalidou@usys.ethz.ch</td><td>ETH Zurich</td><td>FR</td><td>122, 143</td></tr><tr><td>PETANIDOU Theodora<br/>t.petanidou@aegean.gr</td><td>University of the Aegean</td><td>GR</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>PICHON Samuel<br/>samuel.pichon@univ-tours.fr</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td>43</td></tr></table>
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

SIP 16

<table><tr><td>PINCEBOURDE Sylvain<br/>sylvain.pincebourde@univ-tours.fr</td><td>CNRS University of Tours</td><td>FR</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>PINEDA Ana<br/>a.pineda@nioo.knaw.nl</td><td>Netherlands Institute of Ecology</td><td>NL</td><td>46, 48</td></tr><tr><td>POELMAN Erik<br/>erik-poelman@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>22, 32, 51,<br/>60, 69,<br/>101, 103,<br/>127</td></tr><tr><td>PONS Caroline<br/>caroline.pons@uni-bielefeld.de</td><td>Bielefeld University</td><td>DE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>POTTER Daniel<br/>dapotter@uky.edu</td><td>University of Kentucky</td><td>US</td><td>104</td></tr><tr><td>RAMOS Sergio<br/>s.ramos.castro@gmail.com</td><td>Institute of Systematics and<br/>Evolutionary Botany</td><td>CH</td><td>138</td></tr><tr><td>RASMANN Sergio<br/>sergio.rasmann@unine.ch</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td>33, 57, 97,<br/>115</td></tr><tr><td>RENOU Michel<br/>michel.renou@inra.fr</td><td>INRA</td><td>FR</td><td>123</td></tr><tr><td>RICHARDS Lora<br/>lorar@unr.edu</td><td>University of Nevada</td><td>US</td><td>105</td></tr><tr><td>ROBERT Christelle<br/>christelle.robert@ips.unibe.ch</td><td>Institute of Plant Sciences</td><td>CH</td><td>25, 122,<br/>127, 144</td></tr><tr><td>RODRIGUES Daniela<br/>drodriguesufrj@gmail.com</td><td>Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</td><td>BR</td><td>114</td></tr><tr><td>RUSMAN Quint<br/>quint.rusman@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>SALLÉ Aurélien<br/>aurelien.salle@univ-orleans.fr</td><td>University of Orléans</td><td>FR</td><td>26, 130</td></tr><tr><td>SANTOIEMMA Giacomo<br/>giacomosanto@gmail.com</td><td>Università degli Studi di Padova</td><td>IT</td><td>98</td></tr><tr><td>SANTOS GARCIA Diego<br/>diego.santos@mail.huji.ac.il</td><td>The Hebrew University of Jerusalem</td><td>IL</td><td>27, 105,<br/>146</td></tr><tr><td>SARDE Sandeep<br/>sandeep.sarde@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>48, 114</td></tr><tr><td>SATO Ai<br/>acna1974@chiba-u.jp</td><td>Chiba University</td><td>JP</td><td>123</td></tr><tr><td>SAUDREAU Marc<br/>marc.saudreau@inra.fr</td><td>INRA</td><td>FR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SCHIMMEL Bernardus (Bart)<br/>B.C.J.Schimmel@uva.nl</td><td>University of Amsterdam</td><td>NL</td><td>71, 106</td></tr><tr><td>SEIMANDI CORDA Gaëtan<br/>gaetan.seimandi-corda@univ-rennes1.fr</td><td>INRA-Rennes</td><td>FR</td><td>124</td></tr><tr><td>SEPULVEDA Daniela<br/>dani.sepulveda.14@gmail.com</td><td>Universidad de Talca</td><td>CL</td><td>125</td></tr><tr><td>SEYDOU Diabaté<br/>seydoudiabate01@gmail.com</td><td>Icipe</td><td>KE</td><td>125</td></tr><tr><td>SIMON Jean-Christophe<br/>jean-christophe.simon@rennes.inra.fr</td><td>INRA-Rennes</td><td>FR</td><td>82, 139</td></tr><tr><td>SKUHROVEC Jiri<br/>jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</td><td>Crop Research Institute</td><td>CZ</td><td>106</td></tr><tr><td>SMILANICH Angela<br/>asmilanich@unr.edu</td><td>University of Nevada</td><td>US</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>SOUSSEN Alexia<br/>alexia.soussen@univ-tours.fr</td><td>MiDi (Environments &amp; Diversity),<br/>Network of laboratories</td><td>FR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SPORER Theresa<br/>tsporer@ice.mpg.de</td><td>Max Planck Institute for Chemical<br/>Ecology</td><td>DE</td><td>138</td></tr><tr><td>STAM Jeltje<br/>jeltje.stam@slu.se</td><td>Swedish University of Agricultural<br/>Sciences</td><td>SE</td><td>99, 107</td></tr><tr><td>STEFANOV Martin<br/>martin.stefanov@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>STENBERG Johan<br/>johan.stenberg@slu.se</td><td>Department of Plant Protection Biology</td><td>SE</td><td>99, 107</td></tr><tr><td>STOLPE Clemens<br/>clemens.stolpe@uni-bielefeld.de</td><td>Bielefeld University</td><td>DE</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>STONE Graham<br/>Graham.stone@ed.ac.uk</td><td>University of Edinburgh</td><td>GB</td><td>34</td></tr></table>
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

SIP 16

<table><tr><td>SUGIO Akiko<br>akiko.sugio@inra.fr</td><td>INRA-Rennes</td><td>FR</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>TERBLANCHE John<br>jst@sun.ac.za</td><td>Stellenbosch University</td><td>ZA</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>THIERY Denis<br>denis.thiery@inra.fr</td><td>INRA-Bordeaux</td><td>FR</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>THOMAS-POULSEN Michael<br>mpoulsen@bio.ku.dk</td><td>University of Copenhagen</td><td>DK</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>TRAINE Juan<br>juantraine@gmail.com</td><td>Université de Neuchatel</td><td>CH</td><td>126</td></tr><tr><td>TURNBULL Colin<br>c.turnbull@imperial.ac.uk</td><td>Imperial College London</td><td>GB</td><td>139</td></tr><tr><td>UYI Osariyekemwen<br>osariyekemwen.uyi@uniben.edu</td><td>Agricultural Research Council, Plant<br>Protection Research Institute</td><td>ZA</td><td>115</td></tr><tr><td>VAELLO Teresa<br>vaello.teresa@gmail.com</td><td>University of Alicante</td><td>ES</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>VALSAMAKIS Georgios<br>georgios.valsamakis@fu-berlin.de</td><td>Freie Universität of Berlin</td><td>DE</td><td>110</td></tr><tr><td>VAN DAM Nicole<br>nicole.vandam@idiv.de</td><td>German Institute for Integrative<br>Biodiversity Research</td><td>DE</td><td>33, 44, 76,<br>84, 139</td></tr><tr><td>VAN LOON Joop<br>joop.vanloon@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>63, 126</td></tr><tr><td>VISSCHERS Isabella<br>isabella.visschers@hotmail.com</td><td>Plant Science</td><td>NL</td><td>139</td></tr><tr><td>VOGEL Heiko<br>hvogel@ice.mpg.de</td><td>Max Planck Institute for Chemical<br>Ecology</td><td>DE</td><td>147</td></tr><tr><td>VOSTEEN Ilka<br>ilka.vosteen@wur.nl</td><td>Wageningen University</td><td>NL</td><td>127</td></tr><tr><td>VRIELING Klaas<br>K.vrieling@biology.leidenuniv.nl</td><td>Institute of Biology</td><td>FR</td><td>76, 107</td></tr><tr><td>WHITEMAN Noah<br>whiteman@berkeley.edu</td><td>University of California, Berkeley</td><td>US</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>WOODS Art<br>art.woods@mso.umt.edu</td><td>University of Montana</td><td>US</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>XIAO Zhenggao<br>zhenggaoxiao@gmail.com</td><td>Nanjing Agricultural University</td><td>CH</td><td>115</td></tr><tr><td>XU Hao<br>hao.xu@unine.ch</td><td>University of Neuchâtel</td><td>CH</td><td>128</td></tr><tr><td>YE Meng<br>meng.ye@ips.unibe.ch</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>25, 99</td></tr><tr><td>ZCHORI-FEIN Einat<br>einat@agri.gov.il</td><td>Newe Ya'ar Research Center</td><td>IL</td><td>27, 39, 105</td></tr><tr><td>ZHANG Xi<br>xi.zhang@ips.unibe.ch</td><td>Institute of Plant Sciences</td><td>CH</td><td>122, 127</td></tr><tr><td>ZIOUCHE Sihem<br>sihem_ziouche@yahoo.fr</td><td></td><td>DZ</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>ZUEST Tobias<br>tobias.zuest@ips.unibe.ch</td><td>University of Bern</td><td>CH</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>ZYTYNNSKA Sharon<br>sharon.zytynska@tum.de</td><td>Technical University of Munich</td><td>DE</td><td>37</td></tr></table>
<figure><img src="image_73.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_74.png" /></figure>

UNIVERSITÉ
FRANÇOIS - RABELAIS
TOURS

<figure><img src="image_75.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_76.png" /></figure>

SCIENCES & TECHNIQUES

<figure><img src="image_77.png" /></figure>

UNIVERSITE D'ORLEANS

<figure><img src="image_78.png" /></figure>

Région
Centre-Val de Loire

<figure><img src="image_79.png" /></figure>

16th Tours

SIP

<figure><img src="image_80.png" /></figure>

INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

<figure><img src="image_81.png" /></figure>

EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

<figure><img src="image_82.png" /></figure>

Féri

FÉDÉRATION DE RECHERCHE
EN INFECTIOLOGIE
CENTRE - LOIRE

<figure><img src="image_83.png" /></figure>

RÉSEAU
MiDi

Milieux & Diversité
Réseau thématique de recherche
en Région Centre Val de Loire

<figure><img src="image_84.png" /></figure>

BRITISH
ECOLOGICAL
SOCIETY

<figure><img src="image_85.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_86.png" /></figure>

WILEY