# Photocatalytic Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle from Leaf Extract of Justicia Adhatoda

D Latha, C D Arulvasu, P D Prabu, V D Narayanan

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D Latha, C D Arulvasu, P D Prabu, V D Narayanan. Photocatalytic Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle from Leaf Extract of Justicia Adhatoda. Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering Journal, 2017, 9 (1), 10.2412/mmse.81.72.41. hal-01497956

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# Photocatalytic Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle from Leaf Extract of Justicia Adhatoda

Latha D.¹, C. Arulvasu², P. Prabu², V. Narayanan³

1. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, India

2. Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India

3. Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's college for men, Kanchipuram, Tamil nadu, India

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

DOI 10.2412/mmse.81.72.41 provided by [Seo4U.link](https://linkages.seo4u.com/)

**Keywords:** green synthesis, justicia adhatoda, leaf extract, silver nanoparticle.

**ABSTRACT.** In the present study, we investigate synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaf extract of *Justicia adhatoda*. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed the Surface Plasmon Resonance peak at 425 nm. The XRD analyzed intense peaks corresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) bragg's reflection based on the face centered cubic structure of silver nanomaterial. In addition, spherical shape topography of nanoparticle was observed by HRSEM and EDAX indicates the presence of silver. Further, biogenic silver nanoparticles are proved its efficient photocatalytic activity against methyl orange dye.

**Introduction.** Nanoparticles are extremely small in size and high surface to volume ratio, which alter their chemical and physical properties compared to bulk of the same chemical composition [1]. Owing to these beneficial properties, nanomaterial have potential applications in drug delivery, biomedical, electronics, catalysis, photonics, chemical sensing and imaging optics [2]. Various techniques are available to synthesis of nanoparticles like as physical, chemical and biological methods. In green approach, the rate of formation of metal nanoparticles has been faster and eco-friendly compared with other methods [3]. The medicinal plant of *J. adhatoda* contain bioactive compounds, such as essential oil, quinazoline and alkaloids etc are used for cold and cough etc [4]. Especially, several literature surveys are documented to synthesize of nanoparticles from various parts of plant, Leaf extract of *Albizia adianthifolia* and which is used for A549 lung cell line activity [5]. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using *Acacia nilotica* (Babool) leaf extract exhibited remarkable study of its catalytic properties in a reduction reaction. Synthetic organic dyes are widely used in the textile industry. The removal of such kind of non-biodegradable dyes make crucial ecological problem. Numerous techniques are available to remove such kind of dyes, but in recent scenario metal nanoparticle were used to recover this problem. Beside, this work describes biosynthesized silver nanoparticle are treated to degrade the methyl orange by visible illumination.

**Materials and methods**

**Synthesis of silver nanoparticles.** The *J.adhatoda* plant is collected from local area at Theni district, Tamilnadu. Approximately weighed 10 g of leaf powder are added with 100 ml of double distilled water and boiled it for 20-25 min further centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 15min then collect the supernatant extract. One ml of aqueous extract was poured into 9 ml of 1×10⁻³M silver nitrate solution and incubates for 25 min, color change was monitored visually (Fig.1).

**Characterization of nanoparticles.** The bioreduction of Ag⁺ ions was monitored by using spectra of synthesized silver nanoparticle were recorded by UV-visible spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer
Lamda-45). The X-ray diffraction pattern of powdered nanoparticle was obtained using Enraf Nonius CAD-4 model of XRD with CuKα radiation (k=0.154060 nm). The morphological observations of nanoparticle were found by HRSEM with EDX study was carried out on Hitachi-S4800.

**Photo catalytic activity.** In this study, photo catalytic activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticle was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange dye under light irradiation. Approximately weighed 10 mg of the silver nanoparticles was mixed with 50 ml of Methyl orange dye solution (10 mg/L). A control was maintained without adding silver nanoparticles. This mixture is kept under magnetically stirrer in dark condition to maintain equilibrium constant. The suspension was then exposed under mercury lamp light irradiation with constant stirring. About 3ml of suspension were taken from the reactor at regular intervals and centrifuged it. The supernatant solution was consequently measured using UV-vis (Perkin-Elmer Lamda-45) spectrophotometer.

**Results and discussion**

**Contact time.** Biologically synthesize of silver nanoparticles was achieved with the help of bioactive components of leaf extract. About 10 ml of aqueous extract was mixed with 100ml of silver nitrate (1mM) solution were observed visually, the pale yellow color solution became dark brown color due to excitation of Surface Plasmon Resonance vibrations of metal nanoparticles, which indicate formation of silver nanoparticles. The absorbance of SPR peak at 425 nm increases with the escalating time, in proper intervals (Fig.1). These results are correlated with literature of *Gliricidia sepium* [6].

**Effect of temperature.** The temperature acts as an important role to affect the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was studied from 30-70° C as shown in Fig.2. The intensity of SPR peak of silver nanoparticle was examined at 425nm in various temperatures. From this observation that the SPR peak sharpness is mounting with increasing of temperature respectively. The recent report were also indicated the formation of nanoparticle is fast and its size is decreases with increasing temperature, in olive leaf extract [7] due to increased level of kinetic energy, while Ag⁺ ion are rapidly stimulated as the result of decreasing particle size, which are concluded smaller particle and anisotropy distribution are possible at high temperature. Therefore, the temperature is crucial factor for which influence the particle size of nanoparticle.

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 1. Synthesis of silver nanoparticle from *J. adhatoda* with silver nitrate solution by various time intervals.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 2. Effect of temperature on silver nanoparticles.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 3. Effect of pH on silver nanoparticle.</figcaption></figure>

**Effect of pH.** Formation of nanoparticles is affected by another significant parameter is pH. The effect of pH on stability of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was studied at different range of pH from 8 to 12. The results showed that the rate of silver nanoparticles synthesis increases with
increasing pH up to 12. The maximum sharp peaks are obtained at pH 9-12 similarly [8]. The positive result for synthesis of silver nanoparticles at pH 10 has given and sharp peaks, it indicates may nanoparticle may be spherical shape. In addition, the intensity of peak increases with increasing pH refers with result of gradual red shift at 423 to 426 nm (Fig.3) [9]. were also reported like as agglomeration of nanoparticles took place at higher pH Biosynthesized nanoparticle size is demonstrating that the alkaline pH is more good turn for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

The size and structural morphology of silver nanoparticles, which is clearly indicates spherical shape of silver nanoparticle by HRSEM (Fig. 4). The HRSEM images were illustrated that all silver nanoparticles were well separated and there were no aggregations. The EDAX spectrum has given strong signals in the region of 3 keV, assures the significant presence of silver atoms weight (89.68%) and 10.32% weight of oxygen and potassium are also present in the sample. The strong signal shows due to the excitation of SPR of silver nanoparticle (Fig. 5).

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 4. HRSEM image of AgNps.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 5. EDX of AgNps.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 6. XRD pattern of silver nanoparticle.</figcaption></figure>
The crystalline nature of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD pattern as shown in the Fig. 6. The diffraction peaks at 2 theta angles of XRD pattern of AgNps, which represents four peaks at 38.1°, 44.09°, 64.36° and 77.29°are assigned to the face centered cubic units of silver which can be indexed to (111), (200), (220) and (311) respectively. In addition, unassigned peaks at 2θ values of 27.96°, 32.28°, 46.26° and 54.79° due to amorphous and organic compounds are present in biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, apart from this result of XRD [10] were also reported the same. The XRD patterns were observed sharp peaks, which indicated good crystalline nature of silver nanoparticles.

**Photocatalytic degradation.** The photocatalytic activity of silver nanoparticle was analyzed by photo degradation of methyl orange dye act as a model. An additional vital application of silver nanoparticle is in the domain of photocatalytic degradation, which has become an ever more effective, ecofriendly with low cost by mean of eliminate toxic organic materials from the ecosystem. Methyl orange is an anionic organic dye which has an azo (N=N) and diethyl amine group and therefore, it is risky for livelihood and has to be degraded from the nature (11). In this study, the degradation activity of synthesized nanomaterial was evaluated against methyl orange. The UV-vis absorbance peak of methyl orange dye at 460 nm is recorded. The result of absorbance peak is gradually decreased with increasing for period of 4.30 hr incubation (Fig.7.)

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 7. UV Spectra indicates photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with reaction time</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 8. % of dye degradation at exposure time</figcaption></figure>

Percentage of dye degradation was calculated by the following formula:

$$Dye \ degradation \ (%) = \frac{C_0 - C_t}{C_0} \times 100$$

where C₀ is the initial concentration of methyl orange, Cₜ=concentration of dye at t-time.

The concentration is directly proportional to the absorbance of dye degradation. The result showed the percentage of dye degradation was initially low and subsequently increased with increasing exposure time (Fig. 8)[12]. The degradation is initiated by photons of sunlight strike on the surface of silver nanoparticle, as it should be excitation of conduction electrons on surface of silver nanoparticle as a result of SPR effect. Therefore, this article is designed for degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation in the presence of biogenic nanoparticles, which is very stable and efficient photocatalysts.

**Summary.** In conclusion, we report a simple speedy and efficient biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using *J.adhatoda* leaf extract. The stability of nanoparticles are discussed by temperature and pH are characterized by UV-Vis, morphology study of nanoparticles by HRSEM with EDX spectrum
and XRD. This green method deals with synthesis of silver nanoparticles can potentially active material and then it applied to photocatalytic activity of degradation against organic dyes were proved.

Reference

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Cite the paper

Latha D., C. Arulvasu, P. Prabu, V. Narayanan (2017). *Photocatalytic Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle from Leaf Extract of Justicia Adhatoda*. *Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering*, Vol 9.
doi:10.2412/mmse.81.72.41