**Lapparent A-F de. 1967.** Les dinosaures de France. *Sciences* **51**:4–19.

**Lydekker R. 1895.** On bones of a sauropodous dinosaur from Madagascar. *Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London* **51**:329–336
DOI 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1895.051.01-04.25.

**Maddison WP. 2000.** Testing character correlation using pairwise comparisons on a phylogeny. *Journal of Theoretical Biology* **202**:195–204 DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1999.1050.

**Maddison WP, FitzJohn RG. 2015.** The unsolved challenge to phylogenetic correlation tests for categorical characters. *Systematic Biology* **64**:127–136
DOI 10.1093/sysbio/syu070.

**Mannion PD. 2010.** A revision of the sauropod dinosaur genus 'Bothriospondylus' with a redescription of the type material of the Middle Jurassic form 'B. madagascariensis'. *Palaeontology* **53**:277–296 DOI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00919.x.

**Mannion PD. 2011.** A reassessment of *Mongolosaurus haplodon* Gilmore, 1933, a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* **9**:355–378
DOI 10.1080/14772019.2010.527379.

**Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011.** Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) *Andesaurus delgadoi* from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian-early Cenomanian) Río Limay Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* **163**:155–181
DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00699.x.

**Mannion PD, Otero A. 2012.** A reappraisal of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur *Argyrosaurus superbus*, with a description of a new titanosaur genus. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* **32**:614–638 DOI 10.1080/02724634.2012.660898.

**Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013.** Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur *Lusotitan atalaiensis* (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* **168**:98–206 DOI 10.1111/zoj.12029.

**Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Carrano MT, Barrett PM. 2011.** Testing the effect of the rock record on diversity: a multidisciplinary approach to elucidating the generic richness of sauropodomorph dinosaurs through time. *Biological Reviews* **86**:157–181
DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00139.x.

**Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hutt S. 2011.** New rebbachisaurid (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) material from the Wessex Formation (Barremian, Early Cretaceous), Isle of Wight, United Kingdom. *Cretaceous Research* **32**:774–780 DOI 10.1016/j.cretres.2011.05.005.

**Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Mateus O, Barnes R, Jones MEH. 2012.** New information on the anatomy and systematic position of *Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis* (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal, with a review of European diplodocoids. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* **10**:521–551
DOI 10.1080/14772019.2011.595432.
**Marpmann JS, Carballido JL, Sander PM, Knötschke N. 2015.** Cranial anatomy of the Late Jurassic dwarf sauropod *Europasaurus holgeri* (Dinosauria, Camarasauromorpha): ontogenetic changes and size dimorphism. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* 13:221–263 DOI 10.1080/14772019.2013.875074.

**Marsh OC. 1878.** Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part I. *American Journal of Science, Series 3* **16**:411–416.

**Martínez RD, Giménez O, Rodríguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004.** An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) *Epachthosaurus sciuttoi* from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* **24**:107–120.

**Mateus O, Jacobs LL, Schulp AS, Polcyn MJ, Tavares TS, Neto AB, Morais ML, Antunes MT. 2011.** *Angolatitan adamastor*, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola. *Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências* **83**:1–13 DOI 10.1590/S0001-37652011000100001.

**Mateus O, Mannion PD, Upchurch P. 2014.** *Zby atlanticus*, a new turiasaurian sauropod (Dinosauria, Eusauropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* **34**:618–634 DOI 10.1080/02724634.2013.822875.

**McIntosh JS. 1990.** Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H, eds. *The Dinosauria*. First edition. Berkeley: University California Press, 345–401.

**McIntosh JS, Miller WE, Stadtman KL, Gillette DD. 1996.** The osteology of *Camarasaurus lewisi* (Jensen, 1988). *Brigham Young University Geology Series* **41**:73–115.

**McPhee BW, Mannion PD, De Klerk WJ, Choiniere JN. 2016.** High diversity in the sauropod dinosaur fauna of the Lower Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation of South Africa: implications for the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. *Cretaceous Research* **59**:228–248 DOI 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.11.006.

**McPhee BW, Yates AM, Choiniere JN, Abdala F. 2014.** The complete anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of *Antetonitrus ingenipes* (Sauropodiformes, Dinosauria): implications for the origins of Sauropoda. *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* **171**:151–205 DOI 10.1111/zoj.12127.

**Melstrom KM, D'Emic MD, Chure D, Wilson JA. 2016.** A juvenile sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of Utah, U.S.A. presents further evidence of an avian style air sac system. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* **36**:e1111898 DOI 10.1080/02724634.2016.1111898.

**Mo J. 2013.** *Bellusaurus sui*. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press, 154 pp.

**Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. 2014.** Phylogenetic reassessment of *Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis*, a basal Macronaria (Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* **170**:875–916 DOI 10.1111/zoj.12113.

**Mocho P, Royo-Torres R, Ortega F. 2016.** New data of the Portuguese brachiosaurid *Lusotitan atalaiensis* (Sobral Formation, Upper Jurassic). *Historical Biology* Epub ahead of print Nov 3 2016 DOI 10.1080/08912963.2016.1247447.

**Monbaron M, Russell DA, Taquet P. 1999.** *Atlasaurus imelakei* n.g., n.sp., a brachiosaurid-like sauropod from the Middle Jurassic of Morocco. *Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences: Science de la Terre and des Planetes* **329**:519–526.
**O'Reilly JE, Puttick MN, Parry L, Tanner AR, Tarver JE, Fleming J, Pisani D, Donoghue**
**PCJ. 2016.** Bayesian methods outperform parsimony but at the expense of precision in the estimation of phylogeny from discrete morphological data. *Biology Letters* 12:20160081 DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0081.

**Osborn HF. 1898.** Additional characters of the great herbivorous dinosaur *Camarasaurus*. *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History* **10**:219-233.

**Osborn HF. 1904.** Manus, sacrum, and caudals of Sauropoda. *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History* **20**:181-190.

**Ostrom JH, McIntosh JS. 1966. Marsh's Dinosaurs.** New Haven: Yale University Press.

**Otero A. 2010.** The appendicular skeleton of *Neuquensaurus*, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. *Acta Palaeontologica Polonica* **55**:399-426 DOI 10.4202/app.2009.0099.

**Ouyang H, Ye Y. 2002.** *The first mamenchisaurian skeleton with complete skull: Mamenchisaurus youngi*. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 111 pp.

**Pol D, Garrido A, Cerda IA. 2011.** A new sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the origin and evolution of the sauropod-type sacrum. *PLOS ONE* **6**(1):e14572 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014572.

**Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Elliott DA. 2015a.** Reassessment of the non-titanosaurian somphospondylan *Wintonotitan wattsi* (Dinosauria: Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the mid-Cretaceous Winton Formation, Queensland, Australia. *Papers in Palaeontology* **1**:59-106 DOI 10.1002/spp2.1004.

**Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Kundrát M, Tischler TT, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott JA, Elliott DA. 2016.** New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. *Scientific Reports* **6**:34467 DOI 10.1038/srep34467.

**Poropat SF, Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott DA. 2015b.** Revision of the sauropod dinosaur *Diamantinasaurus matildae* Hocknull et al. 2009 from the middle Cretaceous of Australia: implications for Gondwanan titanosauriform dispersal. *Gondwana Research* **27**:995-1033 DOI 10.1016/j.gr.2014.03.014.

**Powell JE. 2003.** Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. *Records of the Queen Victoria Museum* **111**:1-173.

**Randle E, Sansom RS. 2016.** Exploring phylogenetic relationships of Pteraspidiformes heterostracans (stem-gnathostomes) using continuous and discrete characters. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* Epub ahead of print Jul 20 2016 DOI 10.1080/14772019.2016.1208293.

**Rauhut OWM. 2006.** A brachiosaurid sauropod from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcàreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina. *Fossil Record* **9**:226-237 DOI 10.1002/mmng.200600010.
**Rauhut OWM, López-Arbarello A. 2009.** Considerations on the age of the Tiouaren Formation (Iullemmeden Basin, Niger, Africa): implications for Gondwanan Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate faunas. *Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology* **271**:259–267 DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.019.

**Riggs ES. 1903a.** *Brachiosaurus altithorax*, the largest known dinosaur. *American Journal of Science* **15**:299–306.

**Riggs ES. 1903b.** Structure and relationships of opisthocoelian dinosaurs. Part I, *Apatosaurus* Marsh. *Field Columbian Museum, Geological Series* **2**:165–196.

**Riggs ES. 1904.** Structure and relationships of opisthocoelian dinosaurs. Part II, the Brachiosauridae. *Field Columbian Museum, Geological Series* **2** 6:229–247.

**Rose PJ. 2007.** A new titanosauriform sauropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. *Palaeontologica Electronica* **10**:1–65.

**Royo-Torres R. 2009.** El saurópodo de Peñarroya de Tastavins. *Instituto de Estudios Turolenses-Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis, Monografías Turolenses* **6**:1–548.

**Royo-Torres R, Cobos A, Alcalá L. 2006.** A giant European dinosaur and a new sauropod clade. *Science* **314**:1925–1927 DOI 10.1126/science.1132885.

**Royo-Torres R, Upchurch P. 2012.** The cranial anatomy of the sauropod *Turiasaurus riodevensis* and implications for its phylogenetic relationships. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* **10**:553–583 DOI 10.1080/14772019.2011.598577.

**Royo-Torres R, Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Mas R, Cobos A, Gascó F, Alcalá L, Sanz JL. 2014.** The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian–Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur *Aragosaurus ischiaticus*. *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* **171**:623–655 DOI 10.1111/zoj.12144.

**Salgado L, Calvo JO. 1997.** Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods. II: the cranial evidence. *Ameghiniana* **34**:33–48.

**Salgado L, Coria RA, Calvo JO. 1997.** Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods. I: phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. *Ameghiniana* **34**:3–32.

**Sander MP, Mateus O, Laven T, Knötschke N. 2006.** Bone histology indicates insular dwarfism in a new Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur. *Nature* **441**:739–741 DOI 10.1038/nature04633.

**Sanz JL, Powell JE, Le Loueff J, Martinez R, Pereda Suberbiola X. 1999.** Sauropod remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Laño (northcentral Spain). Titanosaur phylogenetic relationships. *Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava* **14**:235–255.

**Schäfer N. 1972.** *Ecology and palaeoecology of marine environments*. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 568 pp.

**Sekiya T. 2011.** Re-examination of *Chuanjiesaurus anaensis* (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic Chuanjie Formation, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. *Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum* **10**:1–54.

**Sereno PC, Beck AL, Dutheil DB, Larssen HCE, Lyon GH, Moussa B, Sadleir RW, Sidor CA, Varricchio DJ, Wilson GP, Wilson JA. 1999.** Cretaceous sauropods
from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. *Science* 286:1342–1347 DOI 10.1126/science.286.5443.1342.

Sereno PC, Wilson JA, Witmer LM, Whitlock JA, Maga A, Ide O, Rowe TA. 2007. Structural extremes in a Cretaceous dinosaur. *PLOS ONE* 2:e1230 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001230.

Strong EE, Lipscomb DL. 1999. Character coding and inapplicable data. *Cladistics* 15:363–371 DOI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00272.x.

Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of *Brachiosaurus altithorax* Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from *Giraffatitan brancai* (Janensch, 1914). *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* 29:787–806 DOI 10.1671/039.029.0309.

Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. 1999. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. *Oryctos* 2:21–37.

Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. 2001. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K, eds. *Mesozoic vertebrate life*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 139–165.

Tschopp E, Mateus O. 2013. The skull and neck of a new flagellicaudatan sauropod from the Morrison Formation and its implication for the evolution and ontogeny of diplodocid dinosaurs. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* 11:853–888 DOI 10.1080/14772019.2012.746589.

Tschopp E, Mateus O, Benson RBJ. 2015. A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). *PeerJ* 3:e857 DOI 10.7717/peerj.857.

Tschopp E, Russo J, Dzemski G. 2013. Retrodeformation as a test for the validity of phylogenetic characters: an example from diplodocid sauropod vertebrae. *Palaeontologia Electronica* 16:1–23.

Tschopp E, Wings O, Frauenfelder T, Brinkmann W. 2015. Articulated bone sets of manus and pedes of *Camarasaurus* (Sauropoda, Dinosauria). *Palaeontologia Electronica* 18:1–65.

Upchurch P. 1995. The evolutionary history of sauropod dinosaurs. *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B* 349:365–390 DOI 10.1098/rstb.1995.0125.

Upchurch P. 1998. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* 124:43–103 DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1998.tb00569.x.

Upchurch P. 1999. The phylogenetic relationships of the Nemegtosauridae (Saurischia, Sauropoda). *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* 19:106–125.

Upchurch P, Barrett PM. 2005. A phylogenetic perspective on sauropod diversity. In: Curry Rogers K, Wilson JA, eds. *The sauropods: evolution and paleobiology*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 104–124.

Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H, eds. *The Dinosauria*. 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 259–324.
**Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Butler RJ, Benson RBJ, Carrano MT. 2011.** Geological and anthropogenic controls on the sampling of the terrestrial fossil record: a case study from the Dinosauria. *Geological Society, London, Special Publications* **358**:209–240 DOI 10.1144/SP358.14.

**Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Taylor MP. 2015.** The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of "Pelorosaurus" *becklesii* (Neosauropoda, Macronaria) from the Early Cretaceous of England. *PLOS ONE* **10**:e0125819 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0125819.

**Upchurch P, Martin J. 2002.** The Rutland *Cetiosaurus*: the anatomy and relationships of a Middle Jurassic British sauropod dinosaur. *Palaeontology* **45**:1049–1074 DOI 10.1111/1475-4983.00275.

**Viret J. 1935.** Sur la découverte de Dinosauriens dans le Jurassique des environs de Dôle. *Revue Générale des Sciences Pures et Appliquées* **46**:237.

**Wedel MJ. 2005.** Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates. In: Curry Rogers K, Wilson JA, eds. *The sauropods: evolution and paleobiology*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 201–228.

**Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000.** *Sauroposeidon proteles*, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* **20**:109–114 DOI 10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0109:SPANSF]2.0.CO;2.

**Wedel MJ, Taylor MP. 2013.** Neural spine bifurcation in sauropod dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation: ontogenetic and phylogenetic implications. *PalArch'S Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology* **10**:1–34.

**Weishampel DB, Barrett PM, Coria RA, Le Loeuff J, Gomani ES, Zhao Z, Xu X, Sahni A, Noto C. 2004.** Dinosaur distribution. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H, eds. *The Dinosauria*. 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 517–606.

**Whitlock JA. 2011a.** A phylogenetic analysis of Diplodocoidea (Saurischia: Sauropoda). *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* **161**:872–915 DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00665.x.

**Whitlock JA. 2011b.** Re-evaluation of *Australodocus bohetii*, a putative diplodocoid sauropod from the Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania, with comment on Late Jurassic sauropod faunal diversity and Palaeoecology. *Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology* **309**:333–341 DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.001.

**Wiens J. 2001.** Character analysis in morphological phylogenetics: problems and solutions. *Systematic Biology* **50**:689–699 DOI 10.1080/106351501753328811.

**Wilkinson M. 1995.** A comparison of two methods of character construction. *Cladistics* **11**:297–308 DOI 10.1016/0748-3007(95)90017-9.

**Williston SL. 1898.** The sacrum of *Morosaurus*. *Kansas University Quarterly* **7**:173–175.

**Wilson JA. 2002.** Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society* **136**:217–276.

**Wilson JA. 2011.** Anatomical terminology for the sacrum of sauropod dinosaurs. *Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan* **32**:59–69.
**Wilson JA. 2012.** New vertebral laminae and patterns of serial variation in vertebral laminae of sauropod dinosaurs. *Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan* **32**:91–110.

**Wilson JA, Allain R. 2015.** Osteology of *Rebbachisaurus garasbae* Lavocat, 1954, a diplodocoid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the early Late Cretaceous-aged Kem Kem beds of southeastern Morocco. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* **35**:e1000701 DOI 10.1080/02724634.2014.1000701.

**Wilson JA, Barrett PM, Carrano MT. 2011.** An associated partial skeleton of *Jainosaurus cf. septentrionalis* (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Chhota Simla, central India. *Palaeontology* **54**:981–998 DOI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01087.x.

**Wilson JA, Carrano MT. 1999.** Titanosaurs and the origin of “wide-gauge” trackways: a biomechanical and systematic perspective on sauropod locomotion. *Paleobiology* **25**:252–267 DOI 10.1017/S0094837300026543.

**Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998.** Early evolution and higher level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. *Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir* **5**:1–68 DOI 10.2307/3889325.

**Wilson JA, Upchurch P. 2003.** A revision of *Titanosaurus* Lydekker (Dinosauria-Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a 'Gondwanan' distribution. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* **1**:125–160 DOI 10.1017/S1477201903001044.

**Wilson JA, Upchurch P. 2009.** Redescription and reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of *Euhelopus zdanskyi* (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous of China. *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology* **7**:199–239 DOI 10.1017/S1477201908002691.

**Xing L, Miyashita T, Zhang J, Li D, Te Y, Sekiya T, Wang F, Currie PJ. 2015.** A new sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China and the diversity, distribution, and relationships of mamenchisaurids. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology* **35**:e889701 DOI 10.1080/02724634.2014.889701.