Variation in the plankton abundance, biomass and diversity of municipal pond and Bukvora Baor at Jashore district, Bangladesh

R H Raju, Md Abdus Samad, Asif Abdulla Al, Billah Md Masum, Ali Md. Afroj

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R H Raju, Md Abdus Samad, Asif Abdulla Al, Billah Md Masum, Ali Md. Afroj. Variation in the
plankton abundance, biomass and diversity of municipal pond and Bukvora Baor at Jashore district,
Bangladesh. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics, 2018, 5 (2), pp.1-14. hal-04991161

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# Variation in the Plankton Abundance, Biomass and Diversity of Municipal Pond and Bukvora Baor at Jashore District, Bangladesh

R.H. Raju<fnref n="1" />, Md. Abdus Samad<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Abdulla-Al-Asif <fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="3" />,*, Md Masum Billah<fnref n="4" />, Md. Afroj Ali<fnref n="1" />

## Abstract

This is the first approach to identification, abundance calculation; biomass analysis and diversity evaluation in two water bodies namely, Municipal pond and Bukvora baor at Jashore district, Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to find out the abundance and species diversity of plankton, water quality parameters in pond and baor environment. However, Municipal pond that is located at the central point of Jashore town and Bukvora baor that is located at sadar upazila in Jashore district. Study also concentrated on the comparison about abundance, species diversity and water quality parameters between pond and baor. Water samples were collected in each month throughout the study period from May, 2016 to August, 2016. Different water quality parameters such as air temperature, water temperature, dissolve oxygen; pH and transparency were measured in every month. The mean water parameters such as air temperature, water temperature, dissolve oxygen; pH and transparency were 30.4±2.30°C, 32.25 ± 2.6°C, 5.7±0.35 mg/l, 7.05 ± 0.39 and 19.9 ± 2.6 cm, respectively in pond. In baor, the mean water parameters such as air temperature, water temperature, dissolve oxygen, pH and transparency were 33.45 ± 1.19°C, 33.15 ± 1.49°C, 5.03 ± 0.15 mg/l, 8.45 ± 0.36 and 24.95 ± 2.6 cm, respectively. A total of 30 phytoplankton species have been found in the study area of which species under four groups; namely Cyanophyta (5), Heterokontophyta (3), Chlorophyta (11), Euglenophyta (2) have been identified and nine species were unidentified. Phytoplankton species distribution was not uniform. Chlorophyta species was most dominant group in both environments. Major four groups of zooplankton identified in study area both pond and baor; namely Cladocera (10%), Copepoda (55%), Ostracoda (3%), Rotifera (15%). In addition Nauplius (2%), Tunicata (4%), Insect larve (5%) fish eggs (6%) were also identified. Copepoda species was most dominant group in both environments. Plankton diversity was highest in June occurred in both environments.

**Keywords:** Plankton abundance, biomass, diversity, municipal pond, Bukvora baor, Jashore, Bangladesh

*Author for Correspondence E-mail: m15160218@bau.edu.bd

## INTRODUCTION

Ponds are relatively shallow bodies of standing water and are generally rich in biodiversity [34]. The plankton community is comprised of the primary producers or phytoplankton and the secondary producers or zooplankton [9]. Phytoplankton is the major primary producers in many aquatic systems and is important food

source for other organisms [22]. Phytoplankton not only serves as food for aquatic animal but also play an important role in maintaining the biological balance and quality of water [10]. Zooplankton constitutes important food item of many fishes. The larva of carps feed mostly on zooplankton [25]. Zooplankton also plays an important role in the food chain, as they are

<footnote n="1">¹Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Department of Socio-cultural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan</footnote>
second in trophic level as primary consumers and also contributes to the next trophic level [1]. The pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, turbidity and the dissolved nutrients are important for the plankton production [7]. On the other hand, zooplankton makes bridge in food chain between the primary producers and nektonic as well as benthonic animals in apex trophic levels. The abundance of plankton in a water body is regarded as an indicator of productivity. Growth and abundance of plankton varies with season and depth and depends upon meteorological and water properties. The availability of plankton in both measures as, qualitative and quantitatively a fish pond has the enormous values and impacts in maintaining the fruitful aquaculture practices, as they differ from place to place as well as water body to water body within the similar location even within adjacent ecological situations [14]. Some of the works which have been done in Bangladesh include those of Bhuiyan and Nessa [12] and Bhuiyan et al. [13]. Although scientists worked on plankton population over the world, but there are a small or no work has been done on the abundance of plankton population, its diversity, biomass analysis in aspect of physico-chemical conditions of water bodies of Jashore, Bangladesh. Therefore, the current study has been done to achieve attention to the occurrence and abundance of plankton population, its diversity, and biomass analysis in well recognized two water bodies in aspect of physico-chemical conditions of Jashore, Bangladesh. Scientifically, plankton is miniature organisms that contribute the base of food chains and food webs in all aquatic ecosystems. Zooplankton takes phytoplankton as their feed and straightly involved with the growth of fish especially prawn and shrimp. That's why the plankton study carries enormous significance. Though, majority forms of plankton are motile, and the distributions of either phytoplankton or zooplankton are both vertically and horizontally may be quite variable. Different plankton serves vital food item of omnivorous and carnivorous fishes [4]. The plankton contributes about 23% of the food item of shrimp [4], 32% of the *Notopterus notopterus*, 47% of the *Catla catla* and 6.37% of the *Labeo rohita*. Their abundance and diversity greatly influence the culture system

through maintaining oxygen concentration in water, ensuring the balance between O₂ and CO₂, enhancing the decomposition of organic matters accumulated in the pond, preventing the development of demersal microalgae and pests, stabilizing water temperature in the pond, regulating pH value and the ecosystem of the pond and also minimizing the variation of water quality parameters. The relationship among the physico-chemical parameters, plankton production as well as plankton abundance in water bodies and their relation with year round changes in diversity and biomass has great importance and basically has tremendous essentiality in case of aquaculture and fisheries management. Although in aquaculture fishes are severely relies on physical factors like, temperature of water, dissolve oxygen, pH, alkalinity, free CO₂ and in case of coastal aquaculture; salts for their growth, nourishment, healthiness and developments. Any fluctuation of these mentioned parameters can cause affect the growth; development, healthiness and maturity of fish [25]. As above mention parameters are also involved with the growth, nourishment and development of plankton population. Plankton abundance and species may vary from one water source to another because of variation of physic-chemical parameters. They may also vary from season to season due to fluctuation of physic-chemical parameters. The physico-chemical parameters like water temperature dissolve oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness, presence of concentration of nitrogen; and plankton communities together form a comprehensive ecosystem and in such ecosystem, there are interactions between plankton and physic-chemical parameters. These interactions are directly or indirectly subjected to the complex influences some of which results in quantitative changes e.g., the size of the population increases or decreases. So it is needed to study with plankton abundance and diversity. In order to fisheries development and to increase the present fisheries production; proper and scientific research conduction is essential for every part of the world. To conduct such research and development; plankton identification, abundance, species composition and diversity is one of the most important topics. Although a few researches have been carried out their research about plankton population but those are not satisfactory enough
and in case of this study it is the first approach
to investigate the plankton population and
abundance in this region; so, further study can
be carried out for more specific investigation.
The present study has been undertaken to know
about plankton abundance and biodiversity in
two different water bodies. The result of this
study will be helpful to provide baseline
information for future studies on this topic. The
main objective of this present study is to
identify abundance and year round diversity of
plankton and the levels of water quality
parameters in Municipal pond and Bukvora
baorin in Jashore district, Bangladesh.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area

The study area was selected in two different
water bodies. a) Municipal pond that is located
at the central point of Jashore town b). Bukvora
baor that is located at Jashore Sadar Upazila in
Jashore district. Study period- The experiment
was conducted during May, 2016 to August,
2016 (Figure 1).

Sample Collection

Samples were collected in each month from
May, 2016 to August, 2016. Random sampling
method used for collecting water sample.
Samples were collected by passing water throw
plankton net. Approximately 40 liters of water
was passed throw the plankton net and the
concentrated sample value became 50 ml
plankton net, glass jar were used for sample
collection. After collecting sample they were
preserved with lugol solution (20 g Potassium
iodide (Ki) and 10 g iodine crystals dissolved in
200 ml distilled water containing 20 ml glacial
acetic acid). Lugol solution was added in an
amount of 0.7 ml per 100 ml of sample. After
preservation the plankton samples were carried
our laboratory for further analysis.

Measurement of Physicochemical
Parameters

In this study physicochemical parameters
including air and water temperature,
transparency, pH and DO measured (Table 1).

Water and Air Temperature

Temperature was measured in the field
immediately. Water and air temperature was
measured with a mercury filled Celsius

thermometer ranging 0 to 150°C to measure
water temperature, the thermometer was dipped
into the water for one minute and reading from
the thermometer was recorded.

Transparency

Transparency was measured at the time of
sample collection. A sec chi disc was used to
measure the transparency. First the sec chi disk
lowered into the water until it has just
disappeared and the depth was recorded from
its elongated scale. Then the sec chi disk was
raised until it has repaired. In this time the
depth was not noted. The average of two depths
gave the transparency value in centimeter unit.

pH

pH of the water also measured in the field.
Water pH measured directly from water by
using digital pH meter (model No 7200, ezdo,
made in Taiwan). Before using instrument it
was calibrated with pH 7 and pH 10 buffer
solutions. Before taking each pH reading, the
electrode was washed well by the distilled
water.

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

Dissolved oxygen of water was measured
directly by using digital DO meter (model YK
22DO, Made in Taiwan).

Measurement of Biological Parameters

Phytoplankton Abundance

Abundance of phytoplankton was measured
with the help of glass slide and photographic
microscope. Plankton was counted by Rafter
cell S50 (Microliter).

Plankton Identification

Then small amount of sample was taken by
dropper and putted on the slide glass and
observed under photographic microscope to
identify plankton (phytoplankton and
zooplankton).

Counting

To count zooplankton, microscope observation
was done and counted each species group from
of 1 ml sample. The same way was followed
and counted total 15 ml concentrated sample.
Then accounted average individuals in each 1
ml sample and then counted the total number by
multiplying with 50 ml.
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 1: Map of showing the Study Area.</figcaption></figure>

<table><caption>Table 1: Methods or Instruments used for the Determination of Water Quality Parameters.</caption><thead><tr><th>Category of parameters</th><th>Parameters</th><th>Units</th><th>Methods/ Instrument</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">Physical parameters</td><td>Temperature</td><td>°C</td><td>Mercury Filled Celsius Thermometers</td></tr><tr><td>Transparency</td><td>Cm</td><td>Secchi disk</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Chemical parameters</td><td>PH</td><td>N/A</td><td>Digital pH meter (model no 7200, ezdo, made in Taiwan)</td></tr><tr><td>DO</td><td>Mg/L</td><td>Digital DO meter (YK22DO, made in Taiwan)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Biological parameters</td><td>Plankton abundance</td><td>Units/L</td><td>Glass slide and microscope</td></tr><tr><td>Species composition</td><td>N/A</td><td>Zooplankton were identified by using checklist of different scientists</td></tr></tbody></table>
The cells/ liter of original water can be
calculated by the following formula:

$$
N = \frac{A \times 1000 \times C}{L}
$$

Here, N is the No. of plankton cells/ liter of
original water, A is the Average number of
plankton cells in 1cubic mm, C is the Volume
of final concentrate in ml, L is the Volume of
original water expressed in liters.

Data Analysis

The collected data were put down in to tables
and Microsoft excels 2010. Once the data were
inputted, then analysis was done according to
research presentation. The column and bar are
the most preferable figure in case of this study
so the team preferred to choose them as the
way of presentation of data.

RESULTS

Physiochemical Parameters

Air Temperature

Range of air temperature of Municipal pond
and Bukvora baor was found to vary from 27.7
to 33.4°C and 30 to 38°C.

Water Temperature

Range of water temperature of Municipal pond
and Bukvora baor was found to vary from 31
to 34°C and 30.8 to 36°C. Water temperature
distribution at different months in Municipal
pond and Bukvora baor is shown in Figure 2.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Range of water temperature of Municipal pond
and Bukvora baor was found to vary from 5.0
mg/l to 6.6 mg/l and 4.3 mg/l to 5.5 mg/l.
Variation of dissolved oxygen at different

months in Municipal pond and Bukvora baor
is shown in Figure 3.

pH

pH of pond water ranged from 6.33 to 7.8 and
baor water ranged from 8.0 to 8.8. Variation of
pH at different months in Municipal pond and
Bukvora baor is shown in Figure 4.

Transparency

Transparency of the Municipal pond and Bukvora baor also found to be variable. It was changed from 18.3 to 22.0 cm and 23.6 to 26.3 cm. Variation of Transparency at different months in Municipal pond and Bukvora baor is shown in Figure 5.

Plankton Diversity

Diversity of Phytoplankton in Pond and Baor

Phytoplankton abundance varied from 5 to 85 units/L. Four groups of phytoplankton were found namely Cyanophyta (5), Heterokontophyta (3), Chlorophyta (11), Euglenophyta (2) have been identified and nine species were unidentified. Phytoplankton species distribution was not uniform. Chlorophyta species was most dominant group in both environments (Figure 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10).

Diversity of Zooplankton in Pond and Baor

Zooplankton abundance varied from 30 to 75 units/L. Four groups of zooplankton were found namely Cladocera (10%), Copepoda (55%), Ostracoda (3%), Rotifera (15%). In addition Nauplius (2%), Tunicata (4%), Insect larve (5%) fish eggs (6%) were also identified. Copepoda species was most dominant group in both environments (Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17).

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 2: Water Temperature Distribution at Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 3: Dissolve Oxygen Distribution at Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 4: pH Distribution at Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 5: Transparency Distribution at Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 6:** Variation of Phytoplankton Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 7:** Variation of Cyanophyta Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 8:** Variation of Heterocontaphyta Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 9:** Variation of Chlorophyta Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 10:** Variation of Euglenophyta Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 11:** Variation of Zooplankton Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 12:** Variation of Copepoda Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 13:** Variation of Cladocera Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 14:** Variation of Rotifera Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_16.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 15: Variation of Insect Larve Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 16: Variation of Tunicate Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 17: Variation of Nauplius Abundance in Pond and Baor.</figcaption></figure>
DISCUSSIONS

Monthly records of different 11 physic-
chemical factors showed fluctuations in
different months in pond and baor. The
maximum water temperature (34 and 36°C) in
June and air temperature (33.4 and 38°C)
recorded in July and the minimum water
temperature (31 and 30.8°C) in August and air
temperature (27.7 and 30.3°C) recorded in
May. The similar water quality and parameter
study were conducted by the several
researcher and found 23°C to 32°C [35,
36,37,38 and 39] During the study the lowest
pH was in 6.33 and 8.0 (August) and the
highest was in 7.8 and 8.8 (May). A study
conducted which found 6.3 to 8.9 [39]. The
maximum concentration of dissolved O₂ was
6.6 and 5.5 mg/l (June) and the minimum 5.0
and 4.3 mg/l (July) was recorded in pond and
baor. Higher values of dissolve oxygen were
observed at the surface water might be due to
the wind action and also due to the active
photosynthesis process. Similar trend had also
been put forward by [39]. A study in BAU
(Bangladesh Agricultural University) and
found the parameters were, Water temperature
27.20 ±3.13; Air temperature 27.50±2.88; DO
7.86 ± 0.24; pH 7.03±0.13 and Transparency
(cm) 32.30±0.91[30]. A study Found Water
temperature ranged 27–30; DO values were
3.7–5; pH were 6.9–8.9 and Transparency
ranged 25–35 [29]. A different investigation
revealed surface water temperature ranged
from 18.4 to 33.8°C and pH values fluctuated
widely from 7.00 to 9.85 [2]. The range of
different parameter as, dissolved oxygen
(mg/l) 0.7–1.8; pH 7.3–8.4; air temperature
(°C) 22–23.5; water temperature (°C) 24–26.5
and transparency (m) was 0.2–0.4 [32]. A
rigorous study found the 11 physic-chemical
variables of Lake Çali ranged from 7.62 to
8.08 for pH, from 14.6 to 21.6°C for
temperature, from 5.96 to 7.46 mg/L for DO
[23]. Another researcher found in their
research the water temperature were 26.4–
32.5, while DO 2.61–10.7 and pH ranges
5.31–7.24 [6]. Other study revealed dissolved
oxygen (mg/l) 3.2–8.2; pH 7.4–9.2; air
temperature (°C) 22.3–34.8; water temperature
(°C) 23–33.4 [28].Two researcher stated that,
experiment pond’s water temperature (°C) was
27.06 ± 0.03; air temperature (°C) 28.50

±1.84; dissolved oxygen (mgL⁻¹) 7.4 ± 0.10;
transparency (m) 0.48± 0.05 and pH was 7.09
± 0.25 [16]. Another research showed
dissolved oxygen (mg/l) 3.05–3.3; pH 5.72–
6.13; temperature (°C) 29.55-30.65 and
transparency (cm) 18.23–27.65 [21]. The
experimental temperature (°C) was 23.5–24;
pH 6.10–6.71 and dissolved oxygen (mgL⁻¹)
was 50.05–54.29 [33]. Water temperature (°C)
was 26.30±2.8; air temperature (°C)
30.67±2.05; dissolved oxygen (mgL⁻¹)
8.23±0.05; transparency (m) 62.70±2.87 and
pH was 7.53±0.03. Plankton populations in the
studied pond and baor were represented by 42
genera [3]. Phytoplankton 30 genera of which
species under four groups; namely Cyanophyta
(5), Heterokontophyta (3), Chlorophyta (11),
Euglenophyta (2) have been identified and
nine species were unidentified. The
zooplankton population was composed of 12
genera belonging to two major groups:
Crustacea and Rotifera- each was represented
by six genera. The maximum abundance of
total plankton was recorded in the month of
June and minimum values were recorded in
the month of August. The total abundance of
phytoplankton varied from 5 to 85 units/L.
Four groups of phytoplankton were founds
namely Cyanophyta (5), Heterokontophyta (3),
Chlorophyta (11), Euglenophyta (2) have been
identified and nine species were unidentified.
Phytoplankton species distribution was not
uniform. At large margin of this study, the
abundance of phytoplankton in pond in May is
higher than any other month, whereas June is
the most abundant month in case of baor’s
phytoplankton analysis. Chlorophyta and
Cyanophyta species was most dominant group
in both environments in the present study peak
of phytoplankton in the month of May. In baor
Heterocontaphyta abundance was noticeable in
the month of June whereas there is no
Heterocontaphyta group in pond population. In
case of Euglenophyta May and August is the
peak abundant month in baor population but in
pond May and June is the most abundant
month of the study period. Similarly another
research reported primary peak of
phytoplankton in the month of September-
October in Uttar Pradesh in India [15]. The
similar study were conducted by [16, 21, 28,
32, 6, 31, 2, 29, 33, 27, 23, 26, 3, 30, 24, 5,8,
11,15,17,18,19 and 20] these researches are more or less similar with the present phytoplankton abundance from May to August in different part of the world. Zooplankton abundance varied from 30 to 75 units/L. Four groups of zooplankton were founds namely Cladocera (10%), Copepoda (55%), Ostracoda (3%), Rotifera (15%). In addition Nauplius (2%), Tunicata (4%), Insect larve (5%) fish eggs (6%) were also identified. In the present study Copepoda species was most dominant group in both environments. Zooplankton growth cycle was noticeably less than the phytoplankton abundance almost throughout the study period. This statement is more or less similar with the study of [23, 26, 3, 30, 24, 5, 8, and 11].

## CONCLUSIONS

The present study showed that thirty genera of phytoplankton species under four groups; namely Cyanophyta, Heterokontophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta have been identified and nine species were unidentified. There are twelve genera of zooplankton species under four groups were found namely Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Rotifera. In addition Nauplius, Tunicata, insect larve, fish eggs were also identified. This study also showed the monthly variation of phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance in two water bodies. This study is the first approach to identify, abundance analysis, biomass analysis and diversity study in these public (government owned and managed) water bodies. Further study can reveal other specific situation in these water bodies.

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**Cite this Article**

Raju RH, Md. Abdus Samad, Abdulla-Al-Asif *et al*. Variation in the plankton abundance, biomass and diversity of municipal pond and Bukvora baor at Jashore district, Bangladesh. *Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics*. 2018; 5(2): 1-14p.