# Measurement of Azimuthal Anisotropy of Muons from Charm and Bottom Hadrons in pp Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

G. Aad et al.\*

(ATLAS Collaboration)

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

(Received 5 September 2019; revised manuscript received 29 November 2019; accepted 22 January 2020; published 26 February 2020)

The elliptic flow of muons from the decay of charm and bottom hadrons is measured in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 150 pb$^{-1}$ recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The muons from heavy-flavor decay are separated from light-hadron decay muons using momentum imbalance between the tracking and muon spectrometers. The heavy-flavor decay muons are further separated into those from charm decay and those from bottom decay using the distance-of-closest-approach to the collision vertex. The measurement is performed for muons in the transverse momentum range 4–7 GeV and pseudorapidity range $|\eta| < 2.4$. A significant nonzero elliptic anisotropy coefficient $v_2$ is observed for muons from charm decays, while the $v_2$ value for muons from bottom decays is consistent with zero within uncertainties.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.082301

In high-energy collisions between large nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a quark-gluon plasma is formed, which rapidly expands as described by nearly inviscid hydrodynamics [1,2]. Heavy quarks, which have a large mass and dead-cone radiation region [3], are expected to interact with the medium through a different interplay of radiative and collisional processes with respect to ordinary light quarks [4]. However, it was hypothesized that even these massive heavy quarks may scatter within the medium and be redirected in a way that results in collective flow patterns [5]. Measurements of decay electrons from charm and bottom hadrons by the PHENIX experiment in Au + Au collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV revealed that heavy quarks undergo significant scattering in the medium and thus lose energy and align with the geometry of the expanding medium [6]. More recent measurements using decay leptons and full reconstruction of charm and bottom hadrons indicate substantial modifications to the momentum distributions of heavy quarks in heavy-ion collisions relative to that in proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at both RHIC and the LHC (see Ref. [7] for a recent review).

Smaller collision systems, including $p + Pb$ and even $pp$, have particle emission patterns with large azimuthal anisotropies, also described by nearly inviscid

hydrodynamics [1,8,9]. A common hydrodynamic description of $pp$, $p + Pb$, and $Pb + Pb$ azimuthal anisotropies as resulting from initial geometry anisotropies is compelling [10]. New measurements of similar anisotropies for reconstructed $D$ mesons and heavy-flavor decay electrons in $p + Pb$ collisions [11,12] highlight that charm quarks are scattered in the medium in smaller collision systems as well. These measurements of anisotropies with almost no modification to the transverse momentum ($p_T$) distribution [13] are somewhat surprising, because such scattering in the $A + A$ case leads simultaneously to azimuthal anisotropies and a softening of the transverse momentum distributions [14]. It is of interest to measure heavy-flavor anisotropies in $pp$ collisions in order to obtain information about the interaction of heavy quarks with the medium in the smallest hadronic collision system at the LHC. In this Letter, measurements of azimuthal anisotropies for muons from heavy-flavor decays in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV are presented. Additionally, the heavy-flavor muons are separated to provide information about the anisotropies of muons from charm and bottom decay separately.

The ATLAS experiment [15] is a multipurpose particle detector with a forward-backward symmetric cylindrical geometry and a near $4\pi$ coverage in solid angle. [Coordinate system with its origin at the nominal interaction point (IP) in the center of the detector and the $z$ axis along the beam pipe. The $x$ axis points from the IP to the center of the LHC ring, and the $y$ axis points upwards. Cylindrical coordinates ($r, \phi$) are used in the transverse plane, $\phi$ being the azimuthal angle around the $z$ axis. The pseudorapidity is defined in terms of the polar angle $\theta$ as $\eta = -\ln \tan(\theta/2)$. Angular distance is measured in units of $\Delta R \equiv \sqrt{(\Delta\eta)^2 + (\Delta\phi)^2}$.] It consists of an inner tracking

<footnote>\*Full author list given at the end of the article.</footnote>

<footnote>Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.</footnote>
detector surrounded by a thin superconducting solenoid providing a 2 T axial magnetic field, electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer. The inner tracking detector (ID) covers the pseudorapidity range $|η| < 2.5$. It consists of silicon pixel, silicon microstrip, and transition radiation tracking detectors. The muon spectrometer (MS) surrounds the calorimeters and is based on three large air-core toroidal superconducting magnets with eight coils each. The muon spectrometer includes a system of precision tracking chambers and fast detectors for triggering. The trigger system consists of a hardware-based first-level trigger and a software-based high-level trigger (HLT) [16], which reconstructs the event in a manner similar to that performed off-line.

Data for this analysis were recorded during a special running period in 2017 in which the mean number of $pp$ interactions per beam crossing was two. Events were recorded using triggers that require a muon at the HLT stage with $p_T$ larger than 4 GeV in coincidence with various triggers designed to select high-multiplicity events [17]. The latter included requirements on the transverse energy in the calorimeter, and the number of space points recorded in the silicon microstrip detector, and the number of charged-particle tracks reconstructed by the HLT. The trigger with the highest threshold for the number of tracks sampled 150 pb$^{-1}$, while triggers with lower thresholds were prescaled and sampled less integrated luminosities. For each charged-track multiplicity range reported here, analyzed events are taken exclusively from the trigger that sampled the largest integrated luminosity.

Charged-particle tracks and collision vertices are reconstructed in the ID using algorithms described in Ref. [18]. Tracks with $p_T > 0.4$ GeV and $|η| < 2.5$ satisfying the set of quality requirements [17] are used in this analysis. Muons with $4 < p_T < 7$ GeV and $|η| < 2.4$ reconstructed in both the ID and the MS are selected and required to pass “medium” selection requirements described in Ref. [19]. Events are required to have at least one but not more than four reconstructed vertices to reduce the contribution from in-time pileup events containing multiple $pp$ collisions per event. The number of reconstructed tracks with $p_T > 0.4$ GeV associated with the vertex containing the muon is denoted by $N_{ch}^{\text{rec}}$.

Simulated events were generated using PYTHIA8 [20] with the NNPDF23LO parton distribution function set [21] and A14 [22] set of tuned parameters. Multijet hard-scattering events filtered on the presence of a generator-level muon were passed through a GEANT4 simulation [23,24] of the detector and reconstructed under the same conditions as the data including pileup background events. A muon trigger emulator is included in the simulation to evaluate the trigger efficiency.

This analysis follows two-particle correlation methods used in previous ATLAS measurements [17,25] and summarized here. Two-particle correlations are measured as a

function of $Δφ ≡ φ^μ - φ^h$ and $Δη ≡ η^μ - η^h$, where particles $μ$ and $h$ are muons and charged hadrons, respectively. For each muon, correlation functions $S(Δη, Δφ)$ and $B(Δη, Δφ)$ are formed [26]. The correlation function $S(Δη, Δφ)$ uses charged hadrons from the same event. The function $B(Δη, Δφ)$ is constructed by selecting charged hadrons from different events of similar $N_{ch}^{\text{rec}}$ ($|ΔN_{ch}^{\text{rec}}| < 10$) and vertex position $z_{vtx}$ ($|Δz_{vtx}| < 10$ mm). Detector acceptance effects largely cancel out in the ratio $S/B$ within the precision of these measurements. Each muon-hadron pair is weighted by the inverse product of the trigger and reconstruction efficiencies for the muon and the reconstruction efficiency for the charged hadron.

One-dimensional correlation functions $C(Δφ)$ are obtained by integrating $S(Δη, Δφ)$ and $B(Δη, Δφ)$ over the pseudorapidity interval $1.5 < |Δη| < 5$:

$$C(Δφ) = \frac{\int_{1.5}^{5} d|Δη|S(|Δη|, Δφ)}{\int_{1.5}^{5} d|Δη|B(|Δη|, Δφ)} \equiv \frac{S(Δφ)}{B(Δφ)},$$

and $S(Δφ)$ and $B(Δφ)$ are normalized such that the average value of $C(Δφ)$ is unity. Requiring a gap in $Δη$ that excludes $|Δη| < 1.5$ reduces the contribution to the correlations from jet fragmentation. Previous hadron-hadron correlation results used a larger gap, integrating over $2 < |Δη| < 5$ instead [17,25]; however, studies of shape variation versus different $|Δη|$ selections with the PYTHIA8 sample described above indicate that the jet-fragmentation correlation for heavy-flavor quarks is insignificant for muon-hadron pairs with $|Δη| > 1.5$.

In order to separate the flow contribution from back-to-back dijets and resonance decays, together referred to as nonflow, a template fitting method developed for previous ATLAS analyses [17,25] is used. This method assumes that the shape of non-flow correlations is independent of the particle multiplicity in the events, an assumption which results in a good description of the correlation functions in these measurements and is tested in simulation [27]. Hence the correlation function in low particle-multiplicity (LM) events dominated by nonflow is used to estimate the nonflow contribution in high multiplicity (HM) events. The resulting template fit function:

$$C^{\text{templ}}(Δφ) = F C^{\text{LM}}(Δφ) + C^{\text{ridge}}(Δφ),$$

where

$$C^{\text{ridge}}(Δφ) = G \left[ 1 + \sum_{n=2}^{4} 2v_{n,n} \cos(nΔφ) \right],$$

has free parameters $F$ and $n$th-order flow (anisotropy) coefficients $v_{n,n}$; the coefficient $G$ is fixed by requiring that the integrals of $C^{\text{templ}}(Δφ)$ and $C(Δφ)$ are equal. The template fits include harmonics 2-4 because the contribution
from higher-order coefficients is negligible. Based on the assumption of flow factorization [28], the flow coefficients $v_n$ of muons are obtained as $v_n^\mu(p_T^\mu) = v_{n,n}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)/v_n^h(p_T^h)$, where $v_n^h(p_T^h)$ are the flow coefficients of charged hadrons previously measured by ATLAS using the same template fit method in different analyses [17,25].

The selected muon sample includes background muons from particles produced from light-hadron decay and from punch-through hadrons. Previous studies [29,30] showed that the signal (heavy-flavor) and background muons can be separated statistically using the fractional momentum imbalance, $\Delta p/p_{\text{ID}} = (p_{\text{ID}} - p_{\text{MS}})/p_{\text{ID}}$, where $p_{\text{ID}}$ is the muon momentum measured in the ID, and $p_{\text{MS}}$ is that measured in the MS corrected via simulation for the energy loss inside the calorimeter. The signal fraction $f^{\text{sig}}$ is obtained by fitting the measured $\Delta p/p_{\text{ID}}$ distribution with signal and background template distributions obtained from simulation. The signal muon sample includes remaining contributions from non-heavy-flavor components such as quarkonia, low-mass resonances, and $\tau$ leptons; these amount to ~2.5%, based on PYTHIA8 simulation.

Figure 1 shows muon-hadron correlation functions and template fits for muons with $4 < p_T < 6$ GeV and charged hadrons with $0.5 < p_T < 5$ GeV from events with $110 \le N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 120$; the $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 40$ region is used for LM events. The two panels represent different $\Delta p/p_{\text{ID}}$ regions, characterized by different $f^{\text{sig}}$ values, as indicated in the plots. The amplitude of the $v_{2,2}$ modulation changes with the signal fraction. The values of $v_{2,2}$ are determined from muon-hadron correlation functions generated using muons in three different regions of $\Delta p/p_{\text{ID}}$, and $v_{2,2}$ as a function of $f^{\text{sig}}$ is extracted from a linear fit to the points. Then $v_{2,2}$ from heavy-flavor muon-hadron correlations $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is calculated by extrapolating to $f^{\text{sig}} = 1$, based on

$$v_{2,2}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h) = f^{\text{sig}} v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h) + (1 - f^{\text{sig}}) v_{2,2}^{\text{bkg}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h),$$

where $v_{2,2}^{\text{bkg}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is $v_{2,2}$ from background muon-hadron correlations.

Muons from heavy-flavor decays can be further separated into those from charm and those from bottom decays, based on the different decay lengths of charm and bottom hadrons. Template distributions of the impact parameter of the muon relative to the associated collision vertex in the transverse direction ($d_0$) for charm, bottom, non-heavy-flavor signal, and background muons obtained from the full detector simulation are used to fit the data distributions differentially in $p_T$ and $\eta$. The $d_0$ resolution of charged hadrons with $4 < p_T < 7$ GeV is 20–40 $\mu$m, depending on $p_T$ and $\eta$, and independent of $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$. Figure 2 shows the fit to the $d_0$ distribution for muons with $-0.2 < \Delta p/p_{\text{ID}} < 0.4$ and $4.5 < p_T < 5$ GeV in events with $80 \le N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 90$. The background fraction is fixed in accord with the fit results in $\Delta p/p_{\text{ID}}$. The contribution from non-heavy-flavor signal muons is also fixed, using the fraction obtained from PYTHIA8 simulation. The $|d_0| < 0.02$ mm region is dominated by non-heavy-flavor signal and background muons and is excluded in the fit procedure. The fraction of muons from bottom decays relative to all heavy-flavor muons, $f^{b \to \mu} = (b \to \mu)/(c \to \mu + b \to \mu)$, is found to be ~0.4 at $p_T = 4$ GeV and increases to ~0.6 at $p_T = 7$ GeV. These values are compatible with those determined via a fixed-order plus next-to-leading-logarithm (FONLL) calculation [31] and the PYTHIA8 simulation.

In order to measure $v_{2,2}$ from charm muon-hadron correlations and bottom muon-hadron correlations separately, muons are divided into two $d_0$ regions, $|d_0| < 0.12$ mm and $|d_0| > 0.12$ mm. In the $|d_0| < 0.12$ mm region where $f^{c \to \mu} > f^{b \to \mu}$, there is a significant hadronic background contribution and thus $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>FIG. 1. Template fit to the muon-hadron correlation function, $C(\Delta\phi)$, with pseudorapidity interval $1.5 < |\Delta\eta| < 5$ and track multiplicity $110 \le N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 120$. Muons with transverse momentum $4 < p_T < 6$ GeV and charged particles with $0.5 < p_T < 5$ GeV are used. Each panel shows the muon-hadron correlation function for muons of a different signal fraction ($f^{\text{sig}}$). The solid red lines show the final function $C^{\text{templ}}(\Delta\phi)$, while the open points and dashed blue lines show the scaled $C^{\text{LM}}(\Delta\phi)$ and $v_{n,n}$ components, each above a vertical pedestal for visibility.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>FIG. 2. Fit (gray histogram) to the transverse impact parameter, $d_0$, distribution of muons with transverse momentum $4.5 < p_T < 5$ GeV and pseudorapidity $|\eta| < 2.4$, with template $d_0$ distributions of different components obtained from PYTHIA8 simulations.</figcaption></figure>

obtained in three different $\Delta p/p_{ID}$ bins and extrapolated to $f^{\text{sig}} = 1$. In contrast, in the region $|d_0| > 0.12$ mm where $f^{c \to \mu} < f^{b \to \mu}$, there is negligible background and thus $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is obtained directly. Given two $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ values with different $f^{b \to \mu}$ values, $v_{2,2}^{\text{c}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ and $v_{2,2}^{\text{b}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ can be determined separately.

The sources of systematic uncertainty in $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ originate from the LM event selection, the $\Delta\eta$-gap selection, event pileup, trigger and reconstruction efficiency, and signal fraction extraction. The impact on the $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ measurement is evaluated by repeating the analysis with variations intended to test the sensitivity to these effects. In many cases, the evaluated variation in $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is driven by statistical fluctuations. Sensitivity to the choice of the LM range may arise due to a change in the dijet shape from the LM to HM events. The uncertainty is studied using two alternative $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ ranges, 0–30 and 20–40, for

$C^{\text{LM}}(\Delta\phi)$. The resulting variation in $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is 15–35% depending on $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$, and is the largest systematic uncertainty. The sensitivity to the width of the $\Delta\eta$ gap is tested by using $2 < |\Delta\eta| < 5$ to obtain a wider excluded range ($|\Delta\eta| < 2$), and the resulting change in $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is smaller than the statistical uncertainty. The results may be sensitive to a residual in-time pileup contribution when two closely spaced pp events are reconstructed with a single merged vertex. This effect is studied using a tighter event selection to reject events containing more than two reconstructed vertices per event. The $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ obtained is consistent with the $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ from the nominal event selection within the statistical uncertainties. The uncertainty associated with the signal fraction extraction is evaluated by modifying the momentum-imbalance templates from simulation, and considering the systematic uncertainties in the muon momentum resolution and scale. For signal muons, the impact of using a data-driven template with muons from $J/\psi \to \mu\mu$ candidates is also considered. No systematic uncertainty on the $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ is assigned from this study.

The uncertainty in $v_{2,2}^{\text{c}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ and $v_{2,2}^{\text{b}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ additionally includes the uncertainty in $f^{b \to \mu}$. The extracted $f^{b \to \mu}$ values are sensitive to the shape of the $p_T$ spectra of initial charm and bottom hadrons, the background muon fraction, the non-heavy-flavor muon contribution, fit range, and $d_0$-template shapes. The shape of the initial hadron $p_T$ distribution is varied from PYTHIA8 to that from a fixed-order plus next-to-leading-logarithm. The non-heavy-flavor muon contribution, which is estimated to be 2.5% of the signal muon yield using simulation, is varied in the range 0%–5% and included in the $d_0$ fit procedure to evaluate the impact on $f^{b \to \mu}$. The sensitivity to the fit range is evaluated by repeating the $d_0$ fit with different exclusion regions, either 0 or 0.04 mm, and the uncertainty from the $d_0$-template shape is evaluated with $d_0$-template shape

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>FIG. 3. Elliptic anisotropy coefficient $v_2$ of inclusive heavy-flavor muons as a function of track multiplicity $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ for muons with transverse momentum $4 < p_T < 6$ GeV (left) and as a function of $p_T$ for the $60 \le N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 120$ multiplicity range (right). The vertical bars and shaded bands represent statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>FIG. 4. Elliptic anisotropy coefficient $v_2$ of muons from charm and bottom decays as a function of track multiplicity $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ for muons with transverse momentum $4 < p_T < 6$ GeV (left) and as a function of $p_T$ for the $60 \le N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 120$ multiplicity range (right). Data points are shifted by $\pm 1$ in $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ and $\pm 0.125$ GeV in $p_T$ for better visibility. The vertical bars and shaded bands represent statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively.</figcaption></figure>

variation extracted from the $d_0$ shape comparison between the data and simulation. These variations are included in the final systematic uncertainties. The resulting systematic uncertainty in $f^{b\to\mu}$ is 8%–10%, and this uncertainty is propagated into the uncertainties in $v_{2,2}^c(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ and $v_{2,2}^b(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ by combining it in quadrature with those in $v_{2,2}^{\text{sig}}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$. Finally, it was checked in the generation-level and reconstruction-level PYTHIA8 events that $v_{2,2}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)$ for inclusive heavy-flavor muons as well as for muons from c and b decays is consistent with zero as expected.

Figure 3 shows the $v_2$ of inclusive heavy-flavor muons, determined as $v_2^\mu(p_T^\mu) = v_{2,2}(p_T^\mu, p_T^h)/v_2^h(p_T^h)$, where $v_2^h(p_T^h)$ is taken from Ref. [17]. The systematic uncertainty in the charged-hadron $v_2$ is included in the total uncertainty, but is negligible compared with the other uncertainties introduced in this measurement. The $v_2$ value is presented as a function of $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ for $4 < p_T < 6$ GeV (left) and as a function of $p_T$ for $60 \le N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 120$ (right). Within the uncertainties there is no clear $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ dependence, but the value decreases as the heavy-flavor muon $p_T$ increases from 4 to 7 GeV.

Figure 4 shows the $v_2$ values for muons from charm and bottom decays separately, as a function of $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ for $4 < p_T < 6$ GeV (left) and as a function of $p_T$ for $60 \le N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}} < 120$ (right). The $v_2$ of muons from bottom decays is consistent with zero in the entire $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ range of the measurement and has no discernible $p_T$ dependence. In contrast, the $v_2$ of muons from charm decays is nonzero at lower $p_T$ but consistent with zero at higher $p_T$ within the sizable uncertainties. It also shows no significant $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ dependence within the uncertainties.

In summary, a measurement of elliptic flow coefficients for heavy-flavor decay muons in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV is presented, including a separation between charm and bottom contributions. The measurement uses a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 pb$^{-1}$ recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC.

The inclusive heavy-flavor muon $v_2$ values are not dependent on $N_{\text{ch}}^{\text{rec}}$ in the range 60–120 and show a clear decrease with $p_T$ from 4 to 7 GeV. The bottom-decay muons have $v_2$ values consistent with zero within statistical and systematic uncertainties, while the charm-decay muons have significant non-zero $v_2$ values. These results indicate that bottom quarks, unlike light and charm quarks, do not participate in the collective behavior in high-multiplicity $pp$ collisions. There are theoretical calculations within a linearized Boltzmann-Langevin transport framework for Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV predicting larger $v_2$ for D meson than $v_2$ for B meson at $p_T < 10$ GeV and similar $v_2$ at $p_T > 10$ GeV [32]. However, no such calculations have been published for smaller systems including high-multiplicity $pp$ events. The results will provide fundamental new input to the theoretical models which attempt to describe heavy-quark transport and energy loss in these smallest collision systems.

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg
Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and
Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey;
STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, USA. In addition,
individual groups and members have received support from
BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada;
COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Skłodowska-
Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir
Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation,
Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-
financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-
NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de
Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust,
United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all
WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular
from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF
(Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-
IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF
(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC
(Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities
worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major
contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [33].

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G. Di Gregorio,⁷¹a,⁷¹b B. Di Micco,⁷⁴a,⁷⁴b R. Di Nardo,¹⁰² K. F. Di Petrillo,⁵⁹ R. Di Sipio,¹⁶⁷ D. Di Valentino,³⁴ C. Diaconu,¹⁰¹

F. A. Dias,⁴⁰ T. Dias Do Vale,¹⁴⁰a M. A. Diaz,¹⁷⁴a J. Dickinson,¹⁸ E. B. Diehl,¹⁵⁰ J. Dietrich,¹⁹ S. Díez Cornell,⁴⁶

A. Dimitrievska,¹⁸ W. Ding,¹⁵b J. Dingfelder,²⁴ F. Dittus,³⁶ F. Djama,¹⁰¹ T. Djobava,¹⁵⁹b J. I. Djuvsland,¹⁷

M. A. B. Do Vale,⁸⁰c M. Dobre,²⁸b D. Dodsworth,²⁷ C. Doglioni,⁹⁶ J. Dolejsi,¹⁴³ Z. Dolezal,¹⁴³ M. Donadelli,⁸⁰d B. Dong,⁶⁰c

J. Donini,³⁸ A. D'onofrio,⁹² M. D'Onofrio,⁹⁰ J. Dopke,¹⁴⁴ A. Doria,⁶⁹a M. T. Dova,⁸⁸ A. T. Doyle,⁵⁷ E. Drechsler,¹⁵²

E. Dreyer,¹⁵² T. Dreyer,⁵³ A. S. Drobac,¹⁷⁰ D. Du,⁶⁰b Y. Duan,⁶⁰b F. Dubinin,¹¹⁰ M. Dubovsky,²⁹a A. Dubreuil,⁵⁴

E. Duchovni,¹⁸⁰ G. Duckeck,¹¹³ A. Ducourthial,¹³⁶ O. A. Ducu,¹⁰⁹ D. Duda,¹¹⁴ A. Dudarev,³⁶ A. C. Dudder,⁹⁹

E. M. Duffield,¹⁸ L. Duflot,¹³² M. Dührssen,³⁶ C. Dülsen,¹⁸² M. Dumancic,¹⁸⁰ A. E. Dumitriu,²⁸b A. K. Duncan,⁵⁷

M. Dunford,⁶¹a A. Duperrin,¹⁰¹ H. Duran Yildiz,⁴a M. Düren,⁵⁶ A. Durglishvili,¹⁵⁹b D. Duschinger,⁴⁸ B. Dutta,⁴⁶

D. Duvnjak,¹ G. I. Dyckes,¹³⁷ M. Dyndal,³⁶ S. Dysch,¹⁰⁰ B. S. Dziedzic,⁸⁴ K. M. Ecker,¹¹⁴ R. C. Edgar,¹⁰⁵

M. G. Eggleston,⁴⁹ T. Eifert,³⁶ G. Eigen,¹⁷ K. Einsweiler,¹⁸ T. Ekelof,¹⁷² H. El Jarrari,³⁵e M. El Kacimi,³⁵c R. El Kosseifi,¹⁰¹

V. Ellajosyula,¹⁷² M. Ellert,¹⁷² F. Ellinghaus,¹⁸² A. A. Elliot,⁹² N. Ellis,³⁶ J. Elmsheuser,²⁶b M. Elsing,³⁶ D. Emeliyanov,¹⁴⁴

A. Emerman,³⁹ Y. Enari,¹⁶³ M. B. Epland,⁴⁹ J. Erdmann,⁴⁷ A. Ereditato,²⁰ M. Errenst,³⁶ M. Escalier,¹³² C. Escobar,¹⁷⁴

O. Estrada Pastor,¹⁷⁴ E. Etzion,¹⁶¹ H. Evans,⁶⁵ A. Ezhilov,¹³⁸ F. Fabbri,⁵⁷ L. Fabbri,²³b,²³a V. Fabiani,¹¹⁸ G. Facini,⁹⁴

R. M. Faisca Rodrigues Pereira,¹⁴⁰a R. M. Fakhrutdinov,¹²² S. Falciano,⁷²a P. J. Falke,⁵ S. Falke,⁵ J. Faltova,¹⁴³ Y. Fang,¹⁵a

Y. Fang,¹⁵a G. Fanourakis,⁴⁴ M. Fanti,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b M. Faraj,⁶⁶a,⁶⁶c,¹ A. Farbin,⁸ A. Farilla,⁷⁴a E. M. Farina,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b T. Farooque,¹⁰⁶

S. Farrell,¹⁸ S. M. Farrington,⁵⁰ P. Farthouat,³⁶ F. Fassi,³⁵e P. Fassnacht,³⁶ D. Fassouliotis,⁹ M. Faucci Giannelli,⁵⁰

W. J. Fawcett,³² L. Fayard,¹³² O. L. Fedin,¹³⁸,⁸ W. Fedorko,¹⁷⁵ A. Fehr,²⁰ M. Feickert,⁴² L. Feligioni,¹⁰¹ A. Fell,¹⁴⁹

C. Feng,⁶⁰b E. J. Feng,³⁶ M. Feng,⁴⁹ M. J. Fenton,⁵⁷ A. B. Fenyuk,¹²² J. Ferrando,⁴⁶ A. Ferrante,¹⁷³ A. Ferrari,¹⁷² P. Ferrari,¹¹⁹

R. Ferrari,⁷⁰a D. E. Ferreira de Lima,⁶¹b A. Ferrer,¹⁷⁴ D. Ferrere,⁵⁴ C. Ferretti,¹⁰⁵ F. Fiedler,⁹⁹ A. Filipčič,⁹¹ F. Filthaut,¹¹⁸

K. D. Finelli,²⁵ M. C. N. Fiolhais,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰c,¹ L. Fiorini,¹⁷⁴ F. Fischer,¹¹³ W. C. Fisher,¹⁰⁶ I. Fleck,¹⁵¹ P. Fleischmann,¹⁰⁵

R. R. M. Fletcher,¹³⁷ T. Flick,¹²⁸ B. M. Flierl,¹¹³ L. Flores,¹³⁷ L. R. Flores Castillo,⁶³a F. M. Follega,⁷⁵a,⁷⁵b N. Fomin,¹⁷

J. H. Foo,¹⁶⁷ G. T. Forcolin,⁷⁵a,⁷⁵b A. Formica,¹⁴⁵ F. A. Förster,¹⁴ A. C. Forti,¹⁰⁰ A. G. Foster,²¹ M. G. Foti,¹³⁵ D. Fournier,¹³²

H. Fox,⁸⁹ P. Francavilla,⁷¹a,⁷¹b S. Francescato,⁷²a,⁷²b M. Franchini,²³b,²³a S. Franchino,⁶¹a D. Francis,³⁶ L. Franconi,²⁰

M. Franklin,⁵⁹ A. N. Fray,⁹² P. M. Freeman,²¹ B. Freund,¹⁰⁹ W. S. Freund,⁸⁰b E. M. Freundlich,⁴⁷ D. C. Frizzell,¹²⁸

D. Froidevaux,³⁶ J. A. Frost,¹³⁵ C. Fukunaga,¹⁶⁴ E. Fullana Torregrosa,¹⁷⁴ E. Fumagalli,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a T. Fusayasu,¹¹⁵ J. Fuster,¹⁷⁴

A. Gabrielli,²³b,²³a A. Gabrielli,¹⁸ G. P. Gach,⁸³a S. Gadatsch,⁵⁴ P. Gadow,¹¹⁴ G. Gagliardi,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a L. G. Gagnon,¹⁰⁹

C. Galea,²⁸b B. Galhardo,¹⁴⁰a G. E. Gallardo,¹³⁵ E. J. Gallas,¹³⁵ B. J. Gallop,¹⁴⁴ G. Galster,⁴⁰ R. Gamboa Goni,⁹²

K. K. Gan,¹²⁶ S. Ganguly,¹⁸⁰ J. Gao,⁶⁰a Y. Gao,⁵⁰ Y. S. Gao,³¹,g C. García,¹⁷⁴ J. E. García Navarro,¹⁷⁴ J. A. García Pascual,¹⁵a

C. Garcia-Argos,⁵² M. Garcia-Sciveres,¹⁸ R. W. Gardner,³⁷ N. Garelli,¹⁵³ S. Gargiulo,⁵² V. Garonne,¹³⁴ A. Gaudiello,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a

G. Gaudio,⁷⁰a I. L. Gavrilenko,¹¹⁰ A. Gavrilyuk,¹²³ C. Gay,¹⁷⁵ G. Gaycken,⁴⁶ E. N. Gazis,¹⁰ A. A. Geanta,²⁸b C. M. Gee,¹⁴⁶

C. N. P. Gee,¹⁴⁴ J. Geisen,⁵³ M. Geisen,⁹⁹ C. Gemme,⁵⁵b M. H. Genest,⁵⁸ C. Geng,¹⁵⁰ S. Gentile,⁷²a,⁷²b S. George,⁹³

T. Geralis,⁴⁴ L. O. Gerlach,⁵³ P. Gessinger-Befurt,⁹⁹ G. Gessner,⁴⁷ S. Ghasemi,¹⁵¹ M. Ghasemi Bostanabad,¹⁷⁶ A. Ghosh,¹³²

A. Ghosh,⁷⁷ B. Giacobbe,²³b S. Giagu,⁷²a,⁷²b N. Giangiacomi,²³b,²³a P. Giannetti,⁷¹a A. Giannini,⁶⁹a,⁶⁹b G. Giannini,¹⁴

S. M. Gibson,⁹³ M. Gignac,¹⁴⁶ D. Gillberg,³⁴ G. Gilles,¹⁸² D. M. Gingrich,³d M. P. Giordani,⁶⁶a,⁶⁶c F. M. Giorgi,²³b

P. F. Giraud,¹⁴⁵ G. Giugliarelli,⁶⁶a,⁶⁶c D. Giugni,⁶⁸a F. Giuli,⁷³a,⁷³b S. Gkaitatzis,¹⁶² I. Gkialas,⁹,u E. L. Gkougkousis,¹⁴

P. Gkountoumis,¹⁰ L. K. Gladilin,¹¹² C. Glasman,⁹⁸ J. Glatzer,¹⁴ P. C. F. Glaysher,⁴⁶ A. Glazov,⁴⁶ G. R. Gledhill,¹³¹

M. Goblirsch-Kolb,²⁷ D. Godin,¹⁰⁹ S. Goldfarb,¹⁰⁴ T. Golling,⁵⁴ D. Golubkov,¹²² A. Gomes,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰b R. Goncalves Gama,⁵³

R. Gonçalo,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰b G. Gonella,⁵² L. Gonella,²¹ A. Gongadze,⁷⁹ F. Gonnella,²¹ J. L. Gonski,⁵⁹ S. González de la Hoz,¹⁷⁴

S. Gonzalez-Sevilla,⁵⁴ G. R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez,¹⁷⁴ L. Goossens,³⁶ P. A. Gorbounov,¹²³ H. A. Gordon,²⁶b B. Gorini,³⁶

E. Gorini,⁶⁷a,⁶⁷b A. Gorišek,⁹¹ A. T. Goshaw,⁴⁹ M. I. Gostkin,⁷⁹ C. A. Gottardo,¹¹⁸ M. Gouighri,³⁵b D. Goujdami,³⁵c

A. G. Goussiou,¹⁴⁸ N. Govender,³³b C. Goy,⁵ E. Gozani,¹⁶⁰ I. Grabowska-Bold,⁸³a E. C. Graham,⁹⁰ J. Gramling,¹⁷¹

E. Gramstad,¹³⁴ S. Grancagnolo,¹⁹ M. Grandi,¹⁵⁶ V. Gratchev,¹³⁸ P. M. Gravila,²⁸f F. G. Gravili,⁶⁷a,⁶⁷b C. Gray,⁵⁷

H. M. Gray,¹⁸ C. Grefe,²⁴ K. Gregersen,⁹⁶ I. M. Gregor,⁴⁶ P. Grenier,¹⁵³ K. Grevtsov,⁴⁶ C. Grieco,¹⁴ N. A. Grieser,¹²⁸

A. A. Grillo,¹⁴⁶ K. Grimm,³¹,v S. Grinstein,¹⁴,w J.-F. Grivaz,¹³² S. Groh,⁹⁹ E. Gross,¹⁸⁰ J. Grosse-Knetter,⁵³ Z. J. Grout,⁹⁴

C. Grud,¹⁰⁵ A. Grummer,¹¹⁷ L. Guan,¹⁵⁰ W. Guan,¹⁸¹ J. Guenther,³⁶ A. Guerguichon,¹³² J. G. R. Guerrero Rojas,¹⁷⁴

F. Guescini,¹¹⁴ D. Guest,¹⁷¹ R. Gugel,⁹⁹ T. Guillemin,⁵ S. Guindon,³⁶ U. Gul,⁵⁷ J. Guo,⁶⁰c W. Guo,¹⁵⁰ Y. Guo,⁶⁰a,x Z. Guo,¹⁰¹

R. Gupta,⁴⁶ S. Gurbuz,¹²c G. Gustavino,¹²⁸ M. Guth,⁵² P. Gutierrez,¹²⁸ C. Gutschow,⁹⁴ C. Guyot,¹⁴⁵ C. Gwenlan,¹³⁵

C. B. Gwilliam,⁹⁰ A. Haas,¹²⁴ C. Haber,¹⁸ H. K. Hadavand,⁸ N. Haddad,³⁵e A. Hadef,⁶⁰a S. Hageböck,³⁶ M. Haleem,¹⁷⁷
J. Haley,¹²⁹ G. Halladjian,¹⁰⁶ G. D. Hallewell,¹⁰¹ K. Hamacher,¹⁸² P. Hamal,¹³⁰ K. Hamano,¹⁷⁶ H. Hamdaoui,³⁵ᵉ

G. N. Hamity,¹⁴⁹ K. Han,⁶⁰ᵃ,y L. Han,⁶⁰a S. Han,¹⁵a Y. F. Han,¹⁶⁷ K. Hanagaki,⁸¹,z M. Hance,¹⁴⁶ D. M. Handl,¹¹³ B. Haney,¹³⁷

R. Hankache,¹³⁶ E. Hansen,⁹⁶ J. B. Hansen,⁴⁰ J. D. Hansen,⁴⁰ M. C. Hansen,²⁴ P. H. Hansen,⁴⁰ E. C. Hanson,¹⁰⁰ K. Hara,¹⁶⁹

T. Harenberg,¹⁸² S. Harkusha,¹⁰⁷ P. F. Harrison,¹⁷⁸ N. M. Hartmann,¹¹³ Y. Hasegawa,¹⁵⁰ A. Hasib,⁵⁰ S. Hassani,¹⁴⁵ S. Haug,²⁰
R. Hauser,¹⁰⁶ L. B. Havener,³⁹ M. Havranek,¹⁴² C. M. Hawkes,²¹ R. J. Hawkings,³⁶ D. Hayden,¹⁰⁶ C. Hayes,¹⁵⁵

R. L. Hayes,¹⁷⁵ C. P. Hays,¹³⁵ J. M. Hays,⁹² H. S. Hayward,⁹⁰ S. J. Haywood,¹⁴⁴ F. He,⁶⁰a M. P. Heath,⁵⁰ V. Hedberg,⁹⁶

L. Heelan,⁸ S. Heer,²⁴ K. K. Heidegger,⁵² W. D. Heidorn,⁷⁸ J. Heilman,³⁴ S. Heim,⁴⁶ T. Heim,¹⁸ B. Heinemann,⁴⁶,aa

J. J. Heinrich,¹³¹ L. Heinrich,³⁶ C. Heinz,⁵⁶ J. Hejbal,¹⁴¹ L. Helary,⁶¹b A. Held,¹⁷⁵ S. Hellesund,¹³⁴ C. M. Helling,¹⁴⁶

S. Hellman,⁴⁵ᵃ,⁴⁵ᵇ C. Helsens,³⁶ R. C. W. Henderson,⁸⁹ Y. Heng,¹⁸¹ S. Henkelmann,¹⁷⁵ A. M. Henriques Correia,³⁶

G. H. Herbert,¹⁹ H. Herde,²⁷ V. Herget,¹⁷⁷ Y. Hernández Jiménez,³³d H. Herr,⁹⁹ M. G. Herrmann,¹¹³ T. Herrmann,⁴⁸

G. Herten,⁵² R. Hertenberger,¹¹³ L. Hervas,³⁶ T. C. Herwig,¹³⁷ G. G. Hesketh,⁹⁴ N. P. Hessey,¹⁶⁸a A. Higashida,¹⁶³

S. Higashino,⁸¹ E. Higón-Rodriguez,¹⁷⁴ K. Hildebrand,³⁷ E. Hill,¹⁷⁶ J. C. Hill,³² K. K. Hill,²⁶b K. H. Hiller,⁴⁶ S. J. Hillier,²¹
M. Hils,⁴⁸ I. Hinchliffe,¹⁸ F. Hinterkeuser,²⁴ M. Hirose,¹³³ S. Hirose,⁵² D. Hirschbuehl,¹⁸² B. Hiti,⁹¹ O. Hladik,¹⁴¹

D. R. Hlaluku,³³d X. Hoad,⁵⁰ J. Hobbs,¹⁵⁵ N. Hod,¹⁸⁰ M. C. Hodgkinson,¹⁴⁹ A. Hoecker,³⁶ F. Hoenig,¹¹³ D. Hohn,⁵²

D. Hohov,¹³² T. R. Holmes,³⁷ M. Holzbock,¹¹³ L. B. A. H. Hommels,³² S. Honda,¹⁶⁹ T. M. Hong,¹³⁹ J. C. Honig,⁵²

A. Hönle,¹¹⁴ B. H. Hooberman,¹⁷³ W. H. Hopkins,⁶ Y. Horii,¹¹⁶ P. Horn,⁴⁸ L. A. Horyn,³⁷ S. Hou,¹⁵⁸ A. Hoummada,³⁵a

J. Howarth,¹⁰⁰ J. Hoya,⁸⁸ M. Hrabovsky,¹³⁰ J. Hrdinka,⁷⁶ I. Hristova,¹⁹ J. Hrivnac,¹³² A. Hrynevich,¹⁰⁸ T. Hryn’ova,⁵

P. J. Hsu,⁶⁴ S.-C. Hsu,¹⁴⁸ Q. Hu,²⁶b S. Hu,⁶⁰c Y. F. Hu,¹⁵a,¹⁵d D. P. Huang,⁹⁴ Y. Huang,⁶⁰a Y. Huang,¹⁵a Z. Hubacek,¹⁴²

F. Hubaut,¹⁰¹ M. Huebner,²⁴ F. Huegging,²⁴ T. B. Huffman,¹³⁵ M. Huhtinen,³⁶ R. F. H. Hunter,³⁴ P. Huo,¹⁵⁵ A. M. Hupe,³⁴

N. Huseynov,⁷⁹,bb J. Huston,¹⁰⁶ J. Huth,⁵⁹ R. Hyneman,¹⁰⁵ S. Hyrych,²⁹a G. Iacobucci,⁵⁴ G. Iakovidis,²⁶b I. Ibragimov,¹⁵¹

L. Iconovidou-Fayard,¹³² Z. Idrissi,³⁵ᵉ P. Iengo,³⁶ R. Ignazzi,⁴⁰ O. Igonkina,¹¹⁹,a,cc R. Iguchi,¹⁶³ T. Iizawa,⁵⁴ Y. Ikegami,⁸¹

M. Ikeno,⁸¹ D. Iliadis,¹⁶² N. Ilic,¹¹⁸,¹⁶⁷,p F. Iltzshe,⁴⁸ G. Introzzi,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b M. Iodice,⁷⁴a K. Iordanidou,¹⁶⁸a V. Ippolito,⁷²a,⁷²b
M. F. Isacson,¹⁷² M. Ishino,¹⁶³ W. Islam,¹²⁹ C. Issever,¹⁹,⁴⁶ S. Istin,¹⁶⁰ F. Ito,¹⁶⁹ J. M. Iturbe Ponce,⁶³a R. Iuppa,⁷⁵a,⁷⁵b

A. Ivina,¹⁸⁰ H. Iwasaki,⁸¹ J. M. Izen,⁴³ V. Izzo,⁶⁹a P. Jacka,¹⁴¹ P. Jackson,¹ R. M. Jacobs,²⁴ B. P. Jaeger,¹⁵² V. Jain,²

G. Jäkel,¹⁸² K. B. Jakobi,⁹⁹ K. Jakobs,⁵² T. Jakoubek,¹⁴¹ J. Jamieson,⁵⁷ K. W. Janas,⁸³a R. Jansky,⁵⁴ J. Janssen,²⁴ M. Janus,⁵³

P. A. Janus,⁸³a G. Jarlskog,⁹⁶ N. Javadov,⁷⁹,bb T. Javûrek,³⁶ M. Javurkova,⁵² F. Jeanneau,¹⁴⁵ L. Jeanty,¹³¹ J. Jejelava,¹⁵⁹a,dd

A. Jelinskas,¹⁷⁸ P. Jenni,⁵²,ee J. Jeong,⁴⁶ N. Jeong,⁴⁶ S. Jézéquel,⁵ H. Ji,¹⁸¹ J. Jia,¹⁵⁵ H. Jiang,⁷⁸ Y. Jiang,⁶⁰a Z. Jiang,¹⁵³,ff
S. Jiggins,⁵² F. A. Jimenez Morales,³⁸ J. Jimenez Pena,¹¹⁴ S. Jin,¹⁵c A. Jinaru,²⁸b O. Jinnouchi,¹⁶⁵ H. Jivan,³³d

P. Johansson,¹⁴⁹ K. A. Johns,⁷ C. A. Johnson,⁶⁵ K. Jon-And,⁴⁵ᵃ,⁴⁵ᵇ R. W. L. Jones,⁸⁹ S. D. Jones,¹⁵⁶ S. Jones,⁷ T. J. Jones,⁹⁰

J. Jongmanns,⁶¹a P. M. Jorge,¹⁴⁰a J. Jovicevic,³⁶ X. Ju,¹⁸ J. J. Junggeburth,¹¹⁴ A. Juste Rozas,¹⁴,w A. Kaczmarska,⁸⁴

M. Kado,⁷²a,⁷²b H. Kagan,¹²⁶ M. Kagan,¹⁵³ A. Kahn,³⁹ C. Kahra,⁹⁹ T. Kaji,¹⁷⁹ E. Kajomovitz,¹⁶⁰ C. W. Kalderon,⁹⁶

A. Kaluza,⁹⁹ A. Kamenshchikov,¹²² M. Kaneda,¹⁶³ L. Kanjir,⁹¹ Y. Kano,¹¹⁶ V. A. Kantserov,¹¹¹ J. Kanzaki,⁸¹ L. S. Kaplan,¹⁸¹

D. Kar,³³d K. Karava,¹³⁵ M. J. Kareem,¹⁶⁸b S. N. Karpov,⁷⁹ Z. M. Karpova,⁷⁹ V. Kartvelishvili,⁸⁹ A. N. Karyukhin,¹²²

L. Kashif,¹⁸¹ R. D. Kass,¹²⁶ A. Kastanas,⁴⁵ᵃ,⁴⁵ᵇ C. Kato,⁶⁰d,⁶⁰c J. Katzy,⁴⁶ K. Kawade,¹⁵⁰ K. Kawagoe,⁸⁷ T. Kawaguchi,¹¹⁶

T. Kawamoto,¹⁶³ G. Kawamura,⁵³ E. F. Kay,¹⁷⁶ V. F. Kazanin,¹²¹b,¹²¹a R. Keeler,¹⁷⁶ R. Kehoe,⁴² J. S. Keller,³⁴

E. Kellermann,⁹⁶ D. Kelsey,¹⁵⁶ J. J. Kempster,²¹ J. Kendrick,²¹ K. E. Kennedy,³⁹ O. Kepka,¹⁴¹ S. Kersten,¹⁸²

B. P. Kerševan,⁹¹ S. Ketabchi Haghighat,¹⁶⁷ M. Khader,¹⁷³ F. Khalil-Zada,¹³ M. Khandoga,¹⁴⁵ A. Khanov,¹²⁹

A. G. Kharlamov,¹²¹b,¹²¹a T. Kharlamova,¹²¹b,¹²¹a E. E. Khoda,¹⁷⁵ A. Khodinov,¹⁶⁶ T. J. Khoo,⁵⁴ E. Khramov,⁷⁹

J. Khubua,¹⁵⁹b S. Kido,⁸² M. Kiehn,⁵⁴ C. R. Kilby,⁹³ Y. K. Kim,³⁷ N. Kimura,⁹⁴ O. M. Kind,¹⁹ B. T. King,⁹⁰,a

D. Kirchmeier,⁴⁸ J. Kirk,¹⁴⁴ A. E. Kiryunin,¹¹⁴ T. Kishimoto,¹⁶³ D. P. Kisliuk,¹⁷⁶ V. Kitali,⁴⁶ O. Kivernyk,⁵

T. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus,⁵² M. Klassen,⁶¹a M. H. Klein,¹⁰⁵ M. Klein,⁹⁰ U. Klein,⁹⁰ K. Kleinknecht,⁹⁹ P. Klimek,¹²⁰

A. Klimentov,²⁶b T. Klingl,²⁴ T. Klioutchnikova,³⁶ F. F. Klitzner,¹¹³ P. Kluit,¹¹⁹ S. Kluth,¹¹⁴ E. Kneringer,⁷⁶

E. B. F. G. Knoops,¹⁰¹ A. Knue,⁵² D. Kobayashi,⁸⁷ T. Kobayashi,¹⁶³ M. Kobel,⁴⁸ M. Kocian,¹⁵³ P. Kodyns,¹⁴³ P. T. Koenig,²⁴

T. Koffas,³⁴ N. M. Köhler,³⁶ T. Koi,¹⁵³ M. Kolb,⁶¹b I. Koletsou,⁵ T. Komarek,¹³⁰ T. Kondo,⁸¹ N. Kondrashova,⁶⁰c

K. Köneke,⁵² A. C. König,¹¹⁸ T. Kono,¹²⁵ R. Konoplich,¹²⁴,gg V. Konstantinides,⁹⁴ N. Konstantinidis,⁹⁴ B. Konya,⁹⁶

R. Kopeliansky,⁶⁵ S. Koperny,⁸³a K. Korcyl,⁸⁴ K. Kordas,¹⁶² G. Koren,¹⁶¹ A. Korn,⁹⁴ I. Korolkov,¹⁴ E. V. Korolkova,¹⁴⁹

N. Korotkova,¹¹² O. Kortner,¹¹⁴ S. Kortner,¹¹⁴ T. Kosek,¹⁴³ V. V. Kostyukhin,¹⁶⁶,¹⁶⁶ A. Kotsokechagia,¹³² A. Kotwal,⁴⁹

A. Koulouris,¹⁰ A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b C. Kourkoumelis,⁹ E. Kourlitis,¹⁴⁹ V. Kouskoura,²⁶b

A. B. Kowalewska,⁸⁴ R. Kowalewski,¹⁷⁶ C. Kozakai,¹⁶³ W. Kozanecki,¹⁴⁵ A. S. Kozhin,¹²² V. A. Kramarenko,¹¹²
G. Kramberger,⁹¹ D. Krasnopevtsev,⁶⁰a M. W. Krasny,¹³⁶ A. Krasznahorkay,³⁶ D. Krauss,¹¹⁴ J. A. Kremer,⁸³a
J. Kretzschmar,⁹⁰ P. Krieger,¹⁶⁷ F. Krieter,¹¹³ A. Krishnan,⁶¹b K. Krizka,¹⁸ K. Kroeninger,⁴⁷ H. Kroha,¹¹⁴ J. Kroll,¹⁴¹
J. Kroll,¹³⁷ K. S. Krowpman,¹⁰⁶ J. Krstic,¹⁶ U. Kruchonak,⁷⁹ H. Krüger,²⁴ N. Krumnack,⁷⁸ M. C. Kruse,⁴⁹ J. A. Krzysiak,⁸⁴
T. Kubota,¹⁰⁴ O. Kuchinskaia,¹⁶⁶ S. Kuday,⁴b J. T. Kuechler,⁴⁶ S. Kuehn,³⁶ A. Kugel,⁶¹a T. Kuhl,⁴⁶ V. Kukhtin,⁷⁹ R. Kukla,¹⁰¹
Y. Kulchitsky,¹⁰⁷,⁹h S. Kuleshov,¹⁴⁷c Y. P. Kulinich,¹⁷³ M. Kuna,⁵⁸ T. Kunigo,⁸⁵ A. Kupco,¹⁴¹ T. Kupfer,⁴⁷ O. Kuprash,⁵²
H. Kurashige,⁸² L. L. Kurchaninov,¹⁶⁸a Y. A. Kurochkin,¹⁰⁷ A. Kurova,¹¹¹ M. G. Kurth,¹⁵a,¹⁵d E. S. Kuwertz,³⁶ M. Kuze,¹⁶⁵
A. K. Kvam,¹⁴⁸ J. Kvita,¹³⁰ T. Kwan,¹⁰³ A. La Rosa,¹¹⁴ L. La Rotonda,⁴¹b,⁴¹a F. La Ruffa,⁴¹b,⁴¹a C. Lacasta,¹⁷⁴ F. Lacava,⁷²a,⁷²b
D. P. J. Lack,¹⁰⁰ H. Lacker,¹⁹ D. Lacour,¹³⁶ E. Ladygin,⁷⁹ R. Lafaye,⁵ B. Laforge,¹³⁶ T. Lagouri,³³d S. Lai,⁵³ S. Lammers,⁶⁵
W. Lampl,⁷ C. Lampoudis,¹⁶² E. Lançon,²⁶b U. Landgraf,⁵² M. P. J. Landon,⁹² M. C. Lanfermann,⁵⁴ V. S. Lang,⁴⁶
J. C. Lange,⁵³ R. J. Langenberg,³⁶ A. J. Lankford,¹⁷¹ F. Lanni,²⁶b K. Lantzsch,²⁴ A. Lanza,⁷⁰a A. Lapertosa,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a
S. Laplace,¹³⁶ J. F. Laporte,¹⁴⁵ T. Lari,⁶⁸a F. Lasagni Manghi,²³b,²³a M. Lassnig,³⁶ T. S. Lau,⁶³a A. Laudrain,¹³² A. Laurier,³⁴
M. Lavorgna,⁶⁹a,⁶⁹b S. D. Lawlor,⁹³ M. Lazzaroni,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b B. Le,¹⁰⁴ E. Le Guirriec,¹⁰¹ M. LeBlanc,⁷ T. LeCompte,⁶
F. Ledroit-Guillon,⁵⁸ A. C. A. Lee,⁹⁴ C. A. Lee,²⁶b G. R. Lee,¹⁷ L. Lee,⁵⁹ S. C. Lee,¹⁵⁸ S. J. Lee,³⁴ S. Lee,⁷⁸ B. Lefebvre,¹⁶⁸a
H. P. Lefebvre,⁹³ M. Lefebvre,¹⁷⁶ F. Legger,¹¹³ C. Leggett,¹⁸ K. Lehmann,¹⁵² N. Lehmann,¹⁸² G. Lehmann Miotto,³⁶
W. A. Leight,⁴⁶ A. Leisos,¹⁶²,ii M. A. L. Leite,⁸⁰d C. E. Leitgeb,¹¹³ R. Leitner,¹⁴³ D. Lellouch,¹⁸⁰,a K. J. C. Leney,⁴² T. Lenz,²⁴
B. Lenzi,³⁶ R. Leone,⁷ S. Leone,⁷¹a C. Leonidopoulos,⁵⁰ A. Leopold,¹³⁶ G. Lerner,¹⁵⁶ C. Leroy,¹⁰⁹ R. Les,¹⁶⁷ C. G. Lester,³²
M. Levchenko,¹³⁸ J. Levêque,⁵ D. Levin,¹⁰⁵ L. J. Levinson,¹⁸⁰ D. J. Lewis,²¹ B. Li,¹⁵b B. Li,¹⁰⁵ C-Q. Li,⁶⁰a F. Li,⁶⁰c H. Li,⁶⁰a
H. Li,⁶⁰b J. Li,⁶⁰c K. Li,¹⁵³ L. Li,⁶⁰c M. Li,¹⁵a,¹⁵d Q. Li,¹⁵a,¹⁵d Q. Y. Li,⁶⁰a S. Li,⁶⁰d,⁶⁰c X. Li,⁴⁶ Y. Li,⁴⁶ Z. Li,⁶⁰b Z. Liang,¹⁵a
B. Liberti,⁷³a A. Liblong,¹⁶⁷ K. Lie,⁶³c S. Lim,²⁶a C. Y. Lin,³² K. Lin,¹⁰⁶ T. H. Lin,⁹⁹ R. A. Linck,⁶⁵ J. H. Lindon,²¹
A. L. Lionti,⁵⁴ E. Lipeles,¹³⁷ A. Lipniacka,¹⁷ M. Lisovyi,⁶¹b T. M. Liss,¹⁷³,ij A. Lister,¹⁷⁵ A. M. Litke,¹⁴⁶ J. D. Little,⁸
B. Liu,⁷⁸ B. L. Liu,⁶ H. B. Liu,²⁶b H. Liu,¹⁰⁵ J. B. Liu,⁶⁰a J. K. K. Liu,¹³⁵ K. Liu,¹³⁶ M. Liu,⁶⁰a P. Liu,¹⁸ Y. Liu,¹⁵a,¹⁵d
Y. L. Liu,¹⁰⁵ Y. W. Liu,⁶⁰a M. Livan,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b A. Lleres,⁵⁸ J. Llorente Merino,¹⁵² S. L. Lloyd,⁹² C. Y. Lo,⁶³b F. Lo Sterzo,⁴²
E. M. Lobodzinska,⁴⁶ P. Loch,⁷ S. Loffredo,⁷³a,⁷³b T. Lohse,¹⁹ K. Lohwasser,¹⁴⁹ M. Lokajicek,¹⁴¹ J. D. Long,¹⁷³ R. E. Long,⁸⁹
L. Longo,³⁶ K. A. Looper,¹²⁶ J. A. Lopez,¹⁴⁷c I. Lopez Paz,¹⁰⁰ A. Lopez Solis,¹⁴⁹ J. Lorenz,¹¹³ N. Lorenzo Martinez,⁵
M. Losada,²² P. J. Lösel,¹¹³ A. Lösle,⁵² X. Lou,⁴⁶ X. Lou,¹⁵a A. Lounis,¹³² J. Love,⁶ P. A. Love,⁸⁹ J. J. Lozano Bahilo,¹⁷⁴
M. Lu,⁶⁰a Y. J. Lu,⁶⁴ H. J. Lubatti,¹⁴⁸ C. Luci,⁷²a,⁷²b A. Lucotte,⁵⁸ C. Luedtke,⁵² F. Luehring,⁶⁵ I. Luise,¹³⁶ L. Luminari,⁷²a
B. Lund-Jensen,¹⁵⁴ M. S. Lutz,¹⁰² D. Lynn,²⁶b H. Lyons,⁹⁰ R. Lysak,¹⁴¹ E. Lytken,⁹⁶ F. Lyu,¹⁵a V. Lyubushkin,⁷⁹
T. Lyubushkina,⁷⁹ H. Ma,²⁶b L. L. Ma,⁶⁰b Y. Ma,⁶⁰b G. Maccarrone,⁵¹ A. Macchiolo,¹¹⁴ C. M. Macdonald,¹⁴⁹
J. Machado Miguens,¹³⁷ D. Madaffari,¹⁷⁴ R. Madar,³⁸ W. F. Mader,⁴⁸ N. Madysa,⁴⁸ J. Maeda,⁸² T. Maeno,²⁶b M. Maerker,⁴⁸
A. S. Maevskiy,¹¹² V. Magerl,⁵² N. Magini,⁷⁸ D. J. Mahon,³⁹ C. Maidantchik,⁸⁰b T. Maier,¹¹³ A. Maio,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰b,¹⁴⁰d K. Maj,⁸³a
O. Majersky,²⁹a S. Majewski,¹³¹ Y. Makida,⁸¹ N. Makovec,¹³² B. Malaescu,¹³⁶ Pa. Malecki,⁸⁴ V. P. Maleev,¹³⁸ F. Malek,⁵⁸
U. Mallik,⁷⁷ D. Malon,⁶ C. Malone,³² S. Maltezos,¹⁰ S. Malyukov,⁷⁹ J. Mamuzic,¹⁷⁴ G. Mancini,⁵¹ I. Mandić,⁹¹
L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho,⁸⁰a I. M. Maniatis,¹⁶² J. Manjarres Ramos,⁴⁸ K. H. Mankinen,⁹⁶ A. Mann,¹¹³ A. Manousos,⁷⁶
B. Mansoulie,¹⁴⁵ I. Manthos,¹⁶² S. Manzoni,¹¹⁹ A. Marantis,¹⁶² G. Marceca,³⁰ L. Marchese,¹³⁵ G. Marchiori,¹³⁶
M. Marcisovsky,¹⁴¹ L. Marcoccia,⁷³a,⁷³b C. Marcon,⁹⁶ C. A. Marin Tobon,³⁶ M. Marjanovic,¹²⁸ Z. Marshall,¹⁸
M. U. F. Martensson,¹⁷² S. Marti-Garcia,¹⁷⁴ C. B. Martin,¹²⁶ T. A. Martin,¹⁷⁸ V. J. Martin,⁵⁰ B. Martin dit Latour,¹⁷
L. Martinelli,⁷⁴a,⁷⁴b M. Martinez,¹⁴,w V. I. Martinez Outschoorn,¹⁰² S. Martin-Haugh,¹⁴⁴ V. S. Martoiu,²⁸b A. C. Martyniuk,⁹⁴
A. Marzin,³⁶ S. R. Maschek,¹¹⁴ L. Masetti,⁹⁹ T. Mashimo,¹⁶³ R. Mashinistov,¹¹⁰ J. Masik,¹⁰⁰ A. L. Maslennikov,¹²¹b,¹²¹a
L. Massa,⁷³a,⁷³b P. Massarotti,⁶⁹a,⁶⁹b P. Mastrandrea,⁷¹a,⁷¹b A. Mastroberardino,⁴¹b,⁴¹a T. Masubuchi,¹⁶³ D. Matakias,¹⁰
A. Matic,¹¹³ P. Mättig,²⁴ J. Maurer,²⁸b B. Maček,⁹¹ D. A. Maximov,¹²¹b,¹²¹a R. Mazini,¹⁵⁸ I. Maznas,¹⁶² S. M. Mazza,¹⁴⁶
S. P. Mc Kee,¹⁰⁵ T. G. McCarthy,¹¹⁴ W. P. McCormack,¹⁸ E. F. McDonald,¹⁰⁴ J. A. Mcfayden,³⁶ G. Mchedlidze,¹⁵⁹b
M. A. McKay,⁴² K. D. McLean,¹⁷⁶ S. J. McMahon,¹⁴⁴ P. C. McNamara,¹⁰⁴ C. J. McNicol,¹⁷⁸ R. A. McPherson,¹⁷⁶,p
J. E. Mdhluli,³³d Z. A. Meadows,¹⁰² S. Meehan,³⁶ T. Megy,⁵² S. Mehlhase,¹¹³ A. Mehta,⁹⁰ T. Meideck,⁵⁸ B. Meirose,⁴³
D. Melini,¹⁷⁴ B. R. Mellado Garcia,³³d J. D. Mellenthin,⁵³ M. Melo,²⁹a F. Meloni,⁴⁶ A. Melzer,²⁴ S. B. Menary,¹⁰⁰
E. D. Mendes Gouveia,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰e L. Meng,³⁶ X. T. Meng,¹⁰⁵ S. Menke,¹¹⁴ E. Meoni,⁴¹b,⁴¹a S. Mergelmeyer,¹⁹
S. A. M. Merkt,¹³⁹ C. Merlassino,²⁰ P. Mermod,⁵⁴ L. Merola,⁶⁹a,⁶⁹b C. Meroni,⁶⁸a O. Meshkov,¹¹²,¹¹⁰ J. K. R. Meshreki,¹⁵¹
A. Messina,⁷²a,⁷²b J. Metcalfe,⁶ A. S. Mete,¹⁷¹ C. Meyer,⁶⁵ J. Meyer,¹⁶⁰ J.-P. Meyer,¹⁴⁵ H. Meyer Zu Theenhausen,⁶¹a
F. Miano,¹⁵⁶ M. Michetti,¹⁹ R. P. Middleton,¹⁴⁴ L. Mijović,⁵⁰ G. Mikenberg,¹⁸⁰ M. Mikestikova,¹⁴¹ M. Mikuž,⁹¹
H. Mildner,¹⁴⁹ M. Milesi,¹⁰⁴ A. Milic,¹⁶⁷ D. A. Millar,⁹² D. W. Miller,³⁷ A. Milov,¹⁸⁰ D. A. Milstead,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b R. A. Mina,¹⁵³,ff
A. A. Minaenko,¹²² M. Miñano Moya,¹⁷⁴ I. A. Minashvili,¹⁵⁹b A. I. Mincer,¹²⁴ B. Mindur,⁸³a M. Mineev,⁷⁹ Y. Minegishi,¹⁶³ L. M. Mir,¹⁴ A. Mirto,⁶⁷a,⁶⁷b K. P. Mistry,¹³⁷ T. Mitani,¹⁷⁹ J. Mitrevski,¹¹³ V. A. Mitsou,¹⁷⁴ M. Mittal,⁶⁰c O. Miu,¹⁶⁷

A. Miucci,²⁰ P. S. Miyagawa,¹⁴⁹ A. Mizukami,⁸¹ J. U. Mjörnmark,⁹⁶ T. Mkrtchyan,¹⁸⁴ M. Mlynarikova,¹⁴³ T. Moa,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b

K. Mochizuki,¹⁰⁹ P. Mogg,⁵² S. Mohapatra,³⁹ R. Moles-Valls,²⁴ M. C. Mondragon,¹⁰⁶ K. Mönig,⁴⁶ J. Monk,⁴⁰ E. Monnier,¹⁰¹

A. Montalbano,¹⁵² J. Montejo Berlingen,³⁶ M. Montella,⁹⁴ F. Monticelli,⁸⁸ S. Monzani,⁶⁸a N. Morange,¹³² D. Moreno,²²

M. Moreno Llácer,¹⁷⁴ C. Moreno Martinez,¹⁴ P. Morettini,⁵⁵b M. Morgenstern,¹¹⁹ S. Morgenstern,⁴⁸ D. Mori,¹⁵² M. Morii,⁵⁹ M. Morinaga,¹⁷⁹ V. Morisbak,¹³⁴ A. K. Morley,³⁶ G. Mornacchi,³⁶ A. P. Morris,⁹⁴ L. Morvaj,¹⁵⁵ P. Moschovakos,³⁶

B. Moser,¹¹⁹ M. Mosidze,¹⁵⁹b T. Moskalets,¹⁴⁵ H. J. Moss,¹⁴⁹ J. Moss,³¹,⁷k E. J. W. Moyse,¹⁰² S. Muanza,¹⁰¹ J. Mueller,¹³⁹ R. S. P. Mueller,¹¹³ D. Muenstermann,⁸⁹ G. A. Mullier,⁹⁶ D. P. Mungo,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b J. L. Munoz Martinez,¹⁴

F. J. Munoz Sanchez,¹⁰⁰ P. Murin,²⁹b W. J. Murray,¹⁷⁸,¹⁴⁴ A. Murrone,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b M. Muškinja,¹⁸ C. Mwewa,³³a

A. G. Myagkov,¹²²,¹¹ J. Myers,¹³¹ M. Myska,¹⁴² B. P. Nachman,¹⁸ O. Nackenhorst,⁴⁷ A. Nag Nag,⁴⁸ K. Nagai,¹³⁵

K. Nagano,⁸¹ Y. Nagasaka,⁶² M. Nagel,⁵² J. L. Nagle,²⁶b E. Nagy,¹⁰¹ A. M. Nairz,³⁶ Y. Nakahama,¹¹⁶ K. Nakamura,⁸¹

T. Nakamura,¹⁶³ I. Nakano,¹²⁷ H. Nanjo,¹³³ F. Napolitano,⁶¹a R. F. Naranjo Garcia,⁴⁶ R. Narayan,⁴² I. Naryshkin,¹³⁸

T. Naumann,⁴⁶ G. Navarro,²² P. Y. Nechaeva,¹¹⁰ F. Nechansky,⁴⁶ T. J. Neep,²¹ A. Negri,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b M. Negrini,²³b C. Nellist,⁵³

M. E. Nelson,¹³⁵ S. Nemecek,¹⁴¹ P. Nemethy,¹²⁴ M. Nessi,³⁶,mm M. S. Neubauer,¹⁷³ M. Neumann,¹⁸² P. R. Newman,²¹

Y. S. Ng,¹⁹ Y. W. Y. Ng,¹⁷¹ B. Ngair,³⁵e H. D. N. Nguyen,¹⁰¹ T. Nguyen Manh,¹⁰⁹ E. Nibigira,³⁸ R. B. Nickerson,¹³⁵

R. Nicolaidou,¹⁴⁵ D. S. Nielsen,⁴⁰ J. Nielsen,¹⁴⁶ N. Nikiforou,¹¹ V. Nikolaenko,¹²²,¹¹ I. Nikolic-Audit,¹³⁶ K. Nikolopoulos,²¹

P. Nilsson,²⁶b H. R. Nindhito,⁵⁴ Y. Ninomiya,⁸¹ A. Nisati,⁷²a N. Nishu,⁶⁰c R. Nisius,¹¹⁴ I. Nitsche,⁴⁷ T. Nitta,¹⁷⁹ T. Nobe,¹⁶³

Y. Noguchi,⁸⁵ I. Nomidis,¹³⁶ M. A. Nomura,²⁶b M. Nordberg,³⁶ N. Norjoharuddeen,¹³⁵ T. Novak,⁹¹ O. Novgorodova,⁴⁸

R. Novotny,¹⁴² L. Nozka,¹³⁰ K. Ntekas,¹⁷¹ E. Nurse,⁹⁴ F. G. Oakham,³⁴,⁴d H. Oberlack,¹¹⁴ J. Ocariz,¹³⁶ A. Ochi,⁸² I. Ochoa,³⁹ J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux,¹⁴⁷a K. O'Connor,²⁷ S. Oda,⁸⁷ S. Odaka,⁸¹ S. Oerdek,⁵³ A. Ogrodnik,⁸³a A. Oh,¹⁰⁰ S. H. Oh,⁴⁹

C. C. Ohm,¹⁵⁴ H. Oide,¹⁶⁵ M. L. Ojeda,¹⁶⁷ H. Okawa,¹⁶⁹ Y. Okazaki,⁸⁵ M. W. O'Keefe,⁹⁰ Y. Okumura,¹⁶³ T. Okuyama,⁸¹

A. Olariu,²⁸b L. F. Oleiro Seabra,¹⁴⁰a S. A. Olivares Pino,¹⁴⁷a D. Oliveira Damazio,²⁶b J. L. Oliver,¹ M. J. R. Olsson,¹⁷¹

A. Olszewski,⁸⁴ J. Olszowska,⁸⁴ D. C. O'Neil,¹⁵² A. P. O'neill,¹³⁵ A. Onofre,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰e P. U. E. Onyisi,¹¹ H. Oppen,¹³⁴

M. J. Oreglia,³⁷ G. E. Orellana,⁸⁸ D. Orestano,⁷⁴a,⁷⁴b N. Orlando,¹⁴ R. S. Orr,¹⁶⁷ V. O'Shea,⁵⁷ R. Ospanov,⁶⁰a

G. Otero y Garzon,³⁰ H. Otono,⁸⁷ P. S. Ott,⁶¹a M. Ouchrif,³⁵d J. Ouellette,²⁶b F. Ould-Saada,¹³⁴ A. Ouraou,¹⁴⁵ Q. Ouyang,¹⁵a

M. Owen,⁵⁷ R. E. Owen,²¹ V. E. Ozcan,¹²c N. Ozturk,⁸ J. Pacalt,¹³⁰ H. A. Pacey,³² K. Pachal,⁴⁹ A. Pacheco Pages,¹⁴

C. Padilla Aranda,¹⁴ S. Pagan Griso,¹⁸ M. Paganini,¹⁸³ G. Palacino,⁶⁵ S. Palazzo,⁵⁰ S. Palestini,³⁶ M. Palka,⁸³b D. Pallin,³⁸

I. Panagoulias,¹⁰ C. E. Pandini,³⁶ J. G. Panduro Vazquez,⁹³ P. Pani,⁴⁶ G. Panizzo,⁶⁶a,⁶⁶c L. Paolozzi,⁵⁴ C. Papadatos,¹⁰⁹

K. Papageorgiou,⁹,¹u S. Parajuli,⁴³ A. Paramonov,⁶ D. Paredes Hernandez,⁶³b S. R. Paredes Saenz,¹³⁵ B. Parida,¹⁶⁶

T. H. Park,¹⁶⁷ A. J. Parker,³¹ M. A. Parker,³² F. Parodi,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a E. W. Parrish,¹²⁰ J. A. Parsons,³⁹ U. Parzefall,⁵²

L. Pascual Dominguez,¹³⁶ V. R. Pascuzzi,¹⁶⁷ J. M. P. Pasner,¹⁴⁶ F. Pasquali,¹¹⁹ E. Pasqualucci,⁷²a S. Passaggio,⁵⁵b

F. Pastore,⁹³ P. Pasuwan,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b S. Pataraia,⁹⁹ J. R. Pater,¹⁰⁰ A. Pathak,¹⁸¹e T. Pauly,³⁶ B. Pearson,¹¹⁴ M. Pedersen,¹³⁴

L. Pedraza Diaz,¹¹⁸ R. Pedro,¹⁴⁰a T. Peiffer,⁵³ S. V. Peleganchuk,¹²¹b,¹²¹a O. Penc,¹⁴¹ H. Peng,⁶⁰a B. S. Peralva,⁸⁰a

M. M. Perego,¹³² A. P. Pereira Peixoto,¹⁴⁰a D. V. Perepelitsa,²⁶b F. Peri,¹⁹ L. Perini,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b H. Pernegger,³⁶ S. Perrella,⁶⁹a,⁶⁹b

K. Peters,⁴⁶ R. F. Y. Peters,¹⁰⁰ B. A. Petersen,³⁶ T. C. Petersen,⁴⁰ E. Petit,¹⁰¹ A. Petridis,¹ C. Petridou,¹⁶² P. Petroff,¹³²

M. Petrov,¹³⁵ F. Petrucci,⁷⁴a,⁷⁴b M. Pettee,¹⁸³ N. E. Pettersson,¹⁰² K. Petukhova,¹⁴³ A. Peyaud,¹⁴⁵ R. Pezoa,¹⁴⁷c

L. Pezzotti,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b T. Pham,¹⁰⁴ F. H. Phillips,¹⁰⁶ P. W. Phillips,¹⁴⁴ M. W. Phipps,¹⁷³ G. Piacquadio,¹⁵⁵ E. Pianori,¹⁸

A. Picazio,¹⁰² R. H. Pickles,¹⁰⁰ R. Piegaia,³⁰ D. Pietreanu,²⁸b J. E. Pilcher,³⁷ A. D. Pilkington,¹⁰⁰ M. Pinamonti,⁷³a,⁷³b

J. L. Pinfold,³ M. Pitt,¹⁶¹ L. Pizzimento,⁷³a,⁷³b M.-A. Pleier,²⁶b V. Pleskot,¹⁴³ E. Plotnikova,⁷⁹ P. Podberezko,¹²¹b,¹²¹a

R. Poettgen,⁹⁶ R. Poggi,⁵⁴ L. Poggioli,¹³² I. Pogrebnyak,¹⁰⁶ D. Pohl,²⁴ I. Pokharel,⁵³ G. Polesello,⁷⁰a A. Poley,¹⁸

A. Policicchio,⁷²a,⁷²b R. Polifka,¹⁴³ A. Polini,²³b C. S. Pollard,⁴⁶ V. Polychronakos,²⁶b D. Ponomarenko,¹¹¹ L. Pontecorvo,³⁶

S. Popa,²⁸a G. A. Popeneciu,²⁸d L. Portales,⁵ D. M. Portillo Quintero,⁵⁸ S. Pospisil,¹⁴² K. Potamianos,⁴⁶ I. N. Potrap,⁷⁹

C. J. Potter,³² H. Potti,¹¹ T. Poulsen,⁹⁶ J. Poveda,³⁶ T. D. Powell,¹⁴⁹ G. Pownall,⁴⁶ M. E. Pozo Astigarraga,³⁶ P. Pralavorio,¹⁰¹

S. Prell,⁷⁸ D. Price,¹⁰⁰ M. Primavera,⁶⁷a S. Prince,¹⁰³ M. L. Proffitt,¹⁴⁸ N. Proklova,¹¹¹ K. Prokofiev,⁶³c F. Prokoshin,⁷⁹

S. Protopopescu,²⁶b J. Proudfoot,⁶ M. Przybycien,⁸³a D. Pudzha,¹³⁸ A. Puri,¹⁷³ P. Puzo,¹³² J. Qian,¹⁵⁰ Y. Qin,¹⁰⁰ A. Quadt,⁵³ M. Queitsch-Maitland,⁴⁶ A. Qureshi,¹ M. Racko,²⁹a P. Rados,¹⁰⁴ F. Ragusa,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b G. Rahal,⁹⁷ J. A. Raine,⁵⁴

S. Rajagopalan,²⁶b A. Ramirez Morales,⁹² K. Ran,¹⁵a,¹⁵d T. Rashid,¹³² S. Raspopov,⁵ D. M. Rauch,⁴⁶ F. Rauscher,¹¹³

S. Rave,⁹⁹ B. Ravina,¹⁴⁹ I. Ravinovich,¹⁸⁰ J. H. Rawling,¹⁰⁰ M. Raymond,³⁶ A. L. Read,¹³⁴ N. P. Readioff,⁵⁸ M. Reale,⁶⁷a,⁶⁷b
D. M. Reuzzi,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b A. Redelbach,¹⁷⁷ G. Redlinger,²⁶b K. Reeves,⁴³ L. Rehnisch,¹⁹ J. Reichert,¹³⁷ D. Reikher,¹⁶¹ A. Reiss,⁹⁹

A. Rej,¹⁵¹ C. Rembser,³⁶ M. Renda,²⁸b M. Rescigno,⁷²a S. Resconi,⁶⁸a E. D. Resseguie,¹³⁷ S. Rettie,¹⁷⁵ E. Reynolds,²¹

O. L. Rezanova,¹²¹b,¹²¹a P. Reznicek,¹⁴³ E. Ricci,⁷⁵a,⁷⁵b R. Richter,¹¹⁴ S. Richter,⁴⁶ E. Richter-Was,⁸³b O. Ricken,²⁴

M. Ridel,¹³⁶ P. Rieck,¹¹⁴ O. Rifki,⁴⁶ M. Rijssenbeek,¹⁵⁵ A. Rimoldi,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b M. Rimoldi,⁴⁶ L. Rinaldi,²³b G. Ripellino,¹⁵⁴

I. Riu,¹⁴ J. C. Rivera Vergara,¹⁷⁶ F. Rizatdinova,¹²⁹ E. Rizvi,⁹² C. Rizzi,³⁶ R. T. Roberts,¹⁰⁰ S. H. Robertson,¹⁰³,p M. Robin,⁴⁶

D. Robinson,³² J. E. M. Robinson,⁴⁶ C. M. Robles Gajardo,¹⁴⁷c A. Robson,⁵⁷ A. Rocchi,⁷³a,⁷³b E. Rocco,⁹⁹ C. Roda,⁷¹a,⁷¹b

S. Rodriguez Bosca,¹⁷⁴ A. Rodriguez Perez,¹⁴ D. Rodriguez Rodriguez,¹⁷⁴ A. M. Rodríguez Vera,¹⁶⁸b S. Roe,³⁶ O. Røhne,¹³⁴ R. Röhrig,¹¹⁴ R. A. Rojas,¹⁴⁷c C. P. A. Roland,⁶⁵ J. Roloff,²⁶b A. Romaniouk,¹¹¹ M. Romano,²³b,²³a N. Rompotis,⁹⁰

M. Ronzani,¹²⁴ L. Roos,¹³⁶ S. Rosati,⁷²a K. Rosbach,⁵² G. Rosin,¹⁰² B. J. Rosser,¹³⁷ E. Rossi,⁴⁶ E. Rossi,⁷⁴a,⁷⁴b E. Rossi,⁶⁹a,⁶⁹b

L. P. Rossi,⁵⁵b L. Rossini,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b R. Rosten,¹⁴ M. Rotaru,²⁸b J. Rothberg,¹⁴⁸ D. Rousseau,¹³² G. Rovelli,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b A. Roy,¹¹

D. Roy,³³d A. Rozanov,¹⁰¹ Y. Rozen,¹⁶⁰ X. Ruan,³³d F. Rühr,⁵² A. Ruiz-Martinez,¹⁷⁴ A. Rummler,³⁶ Z. Rurikova,⁵²

N. A. Rusakovich,⁷⁹ H. L. Russell,¹⁰³ L. Rustige,³⁸,⁴⁷ J. P. Rutherfoord,⁷ E. M. Rüttinger,¹⁴⁹ M. Rybar,³⁹ G. Rybkin,¹³²

E. B. Rye,¹³⁴ A. Ryzhov,¹²² J. A. Sabater Iglesias,⁴⁶ P. Sabatini,⁵³ G. Sabato,¹¹⁹ S. Sacerdoti,¹³² H. F.-W. Sadrozinski,¹⁴⁶

R. Sadykov,⁷⁹ F. Safai Tehrani,⁷²a B. Safarzadeh Samani,¹⁵⁶ P. Saha,¹²⁰ S. Saha,¹⁰³ M. Sahinsoy,⁶¹a A. Sahu,¹⁸²

M. Saimpert,⁴⁶ M. Saito,¹⁶³ T. Saito,¹⁶³ H. Sakamoto,¹⁶³ A. Sakharov,¹²⁴,gg D. Salamani,⁵⁴ G. Salamanna,⁷⁴a,⁷⁴b

J. E. Salazar Loyola,¹⁴⁷c A. Salnikov,¹⁵³ J. Salt,¹⁷⁴ D. Salvatore,⁴¹b,⁴¹a F. Salvatore,¹⁵⁶ A. Salvucci,⁶³a,⁶³b,⁶³c A. Salzburger,³⁶

J. Samarati,³⁶ D. Sammel,⁵² D. Sampsonidis,¹⁶² D. Sampsonidou,¹⁶² J. Sánchez,¹⁷⁴ A. Sanchez Pineda,⁶⁶a,³⁶,⁶⁶c

H. Sandaker,¹³⁴ C. O. Sander,⁴⁶ I. G. Sanderswood,⁸⁹ M. Sandhoff,¹⁸² C. Sandoval,²² D. P. C. Sankey,¹⁴⁴ M. Sannino,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a

Y. Sano,¹¹⁶ A. Sansoni,⁵¹ C. Santoni,³⁸ H. Santos,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰b S. N. Santpur,¹⁸ A. Santra,¹⁷⁴ A. Sapronov,⁷⁹ J. G. Saraiva,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰d

O. Sasaki,⁸¹ K. Sato,¹⁶⁹ F. Sauerburger,⁵² E. Sauvan,⁵ P. Savard,¹⁶⁷,d N. Savic,¹¹⁴ R. Sawada,¹⁶³ C. Sawyer,¹⁴⁴ L. Sawyer,⁹⁵,nn

C. Sbarra,²³b A. Sbrizzi,²³a T. Scanlon,⁹⁴ J. Schaarschmidt,¹⁴⁸ P. Schacht,¹¹⁴ B. M. Schachtner,¹¹³ D. Schaefer,³⁷

L. Schaefer,¹³⁷ J. Schaeffer,⁹⁹ S. Schaepe,³⁶ U. Schäfer,⁹⁹ A. C. Schaffer,¹³² D. Schaile,¹¹³ R. D. Schamberger,¹⁵⁵

N. Scharnberg,¹⁰⁰ V. A. Schegelsky,¹³⁸ D. Scheirich,¹⁴³ F. Schenck,¹⁹ M. Schernau,¹⁷¹ C. Schiavi,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a S. Schier,¹⁴⁶

L. K. Schildgen,²⁴ Z. M. Schillaci,²⁷ E. J. Schioppa,³⁶ M. Schioppa,⁴¹b,⁴¹a K. E. Schleicher,⁵² S. Schlenker,³⁶

K. R. Schmidt-Sommerfeld,¹¹⁴ K. Schmieden,³⁶ C. Schmitt,⁹⁹ S. Schmitt,⁴⁶ S. Schmitz,⁹⁹ J. C. Schmoeckel,⁴⁶ U. Schnoor,⁵²

L. Schoeffel,¹⁴⁵ A. Schoening,⁶¹b P. G. Scholer,⁵² E. Schopf,¹³⁵ M. Schott,⁹⁹ J. F. P. Schouwenberg,¹¹⁸ J. Schovancova,³⁶

S. Schramm,⁵⁴ F. Schroeder,¹⁸² A. Schulte,⁹⁹ H-C. Schultz-Coulon,⁶¹a M. Schumacher,⁵² B. A. Schumm,¹⁴⁶ Ph. Schune,¹⁴⁵

A. Schwartzman,¹⁵³ T. A. Schwarz,¹⁰⁵ Ph. Schwemling,¹⁴⁵ R. Schwienhorst,¹⁰⁶ A. Sciandra,¹⁴⁶ G. Sciolla,²⁷

M. Scodeggio,⁴⁶ M. Scornajenghi,⁴¹b,⁴¹a F. Scuri,⁷¹a F. Scutti,¹⁰⁴ L. M. Scyboz,¹¹⁴ C. D. Sebastiani,⁷²a,⁷²b P. Seema,¹⁹

S. C. Seidel,¹¹⁷ A. Seiden,¹⁴⁶ B. D. Seidlitz,²⁶b T. Seiss,³⁷ J. M. Seixas,⁸⁰b G. Sekhniaidze,⁶⁹a K. Sekhon,¹⁰⁵ S. J. Sekula,⁴²

N. Semprini-Cesari,²³b,²³a S. Sen,⁴⁹ C. Serfon,⁷⁶ L. Serin,¹³² L. Serkin,⁶⁶a,⁶⁶b M. Sessa,⁶⁰a H. Severini,¹²⁸ T. Šfiligoj,⁹¹

F. Sforza,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a A. Sfyrla,⁵⁴ E. Shabalina,⁵³ J. D. Shahinian,¹⁴⁶ N. W. Shaikh,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b D. Shaked Renous,¹⁸⁰ L. Y. Shan,¹⁵a

J. T. Shank,²⁵ M. Shapiro,¹⁸ A. Sharma,¹³⁵ A. S. Sharma,¹ P. B. Shatalov,¹²³ K. Shaw,¹⁵⁶ S. M. Shaw,¹⁰⁰ A. Shcherbakova,¹³⁸

M. Shehade,¹⁸⁰ Y. Shen,¹²⁸ N. Sherafati,³⁴ A. D. Sherman,²⁵ P. Sherwood,⁹⁴ L. Shi,¹⁵⁸,oo S. Shimizu,⁸¹ C. O. Shimmin,¹⁸³

Y. Shimogama,¹⁷⁹ M. Shimojima,¹¹⁵ I. P. J. Shipsey,¹³⁵ S. Shirabe,⁸⁷ M. Shiyakova,⁷⁹,pp J. Shlomi,¹⁸⁰ A. Shmeleva,¹¹⁰

M. J. Shochet,³⁷ J. Shojaii,¹⁰⁴ D. R. Shope,¹²⁸ S. Shrestha,¹²⁶ E. M. Shrif,³³d E. Shulga,¹⁸⁰ P. Sicho,¹⁴¹ A. M. Sickles,¹⁷³

P. E. Sidebo,¹⁵⁴ E. Sideras Haddad,³³d O. Sidiropoulou,³⁶ A. Sidoti,²³b,²³a F. Siegert,⁴⁸ Dj. Sijacki,¹⁶ M. Silva Jr.,¹⁸¹

M. V. Silva Oliveira,⁸⁰a S. B. Silverstein,⁴⁵a S. Simion,¹³² E. Simioni,⁹⁹ R. Simoniello,⁹⁹ S. Simsek,¹²b P. Sinervo,¹⁶⁷

V. Sinetckii,¹¹²,¹¹⁰ N. B. Sinev,¹³¹ M. Sioli,²³b,²³a I. Siral,¹⁰⁵ S. Yu. Sivoklokov,¹¹² J. Sjölin,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b E. Skorda,⁹⁶ P. Skubic,¹²⁸

M. Slawinska,⁸⁴ K. Sliwa,¹⁷⁰ R. Slovak,¹⁴³ V. Smakhtin,¹⁸⁰ B. H. Smart,¹⁴⁴ J. Smiesko,²⁹a N. Smirnov,¹¹¹ S. Yu. Smirnov,¹¹¹

Y. Smirnov,¹¹¹ L. N. Smirnova,¹¹²,qq O. Smirnova,⁹⁶ J. W. Smith,⁵³ M. Smizanska,⁸⁹ K. Smolek,¹⁴² A. Smykiewicz,⁸⁴

A. A. Snesarev,¹¹⁰ H. L. Snoek,¹¹⁹ I. M. Snyder,¹³¹ S. Snyder,²⁶b R. Sobie,¹⁷⁶,p A. Soffer,¹⁶¹ A. Søgaard,⁵⁰ F. Sohns,⁵³

C. A. Solans Sanchez,³⁶ E. Yu. Soldatov,¹¹¹ U. Soldevila,¹⁷⁴ A. A. Solodkov,¹²² A. Soloshenko,⁷⁹ O. V. Solovyanov,¹²²

V. Solovyev,¹³⁸ P. Sommer,¹⁴⁹ H. Son,¹⁷⁰ W. Song,¹⁴⁴ W. Y. Song,¹⁶⁸b A. Sopczak,¹⁴² F. Sopkova,²⁹b

C. L. Sotiropoulou,⁷¹a,⁷¹b S. Sottocornola,⁷⁰a,⁷⁰b R. Soualah,⁶⁶a,⁶⁶c,rr A. M. Soukharev,¹²¹b,¹²¹a D. South,⁴⁶ S. Spagnolo,⁶⁷a,⁶⁷b

M. Spalla,¹¹⁴ M. Spangenberg,¹⁷⁸ F. Spanò,⁹³ D. Sperlich,⁵² T. M. Spieker,⁶¹a R. Spighi,²³b G. Spigo,³⁶ M. Spina,¹⁵⁶

D. P. Spiteri,⁵⁷ M. Spousta,¹⁴³ A. Stabile,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b B. L. Stamas,¹²⁰ R. Stamen,⁶¹a M. Stamenkovic,¹¹⁹ E. Stanecka,⁸⁴

B. Stanislaus,¹³⁵ M. M. Stanitzki,⁴⁶ M. Stankaityte,¹³⁵ B. Stapf,¹¹⁹ E. A. Starchenko,¹²² G. H. Stark,¹⁴⁶ J. Stark,⁵⁸

S. H. Stark,⁴⁰ P. Staroba,¹⁴¹ P. Starovoitov,⁶¹a S. Stärz,¹⁰³ R. Staszewski,⁸⁴ G. Stavropoulos,⁴⁴ M. Stegler,⁴⁶ P. Steinberg,²⁶b
A. L. Steinhebel,¹³¹ B. Stelzer,¹⁵² H. J. Stelzer,¹³⁹ O. Stelzer-Chilton,¹⁶⁸a H. Stenzel,⁵⁶ T. J. Stevenson,¹⁵⁶ G. A. Stewart,³⁶ M. C. Stockton,³⁶ G. Stoicea,²⁸b M. Stolarski,¹⁴⁰a S. Stonjek,¹¹⁴ A. Straessner,⁴⁸ J. Strandberg,¹⁵⁴ S. Strandberg,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b

M. Strauss,¹²⁸ P. Strizenec,²⁹b R. Ströhmer,¹⁷⁷ D. M. Strom,¹³¹ R. Stroynowski,⁴² A. Strubig,⁵⁰ S. A. Stucci,²⁶b B. Sugu,¹⁷ J. Stupak,¹²⁸ N. A. Styles,⁴⁶ D. Su,¹⁵³ S. Suchek,⁶¹a V. V. Sulin,¹¹⁰ M. J. Sullivan,⁹⁰ D. M. S. Sultan,⁵⁴ S. Sultansoy,⁴c T. Sumida,⁸⁵ S. Sun,¹⁰⁵ X. Sun,³ K. Suruliz,¹⁵⁶ C. J. E. Suster,¹⁵⁷ M. R. Sutton,¹⁵⁶ S. Suzuki,⁸¹ M. Svatos,¹⁴¹ M. Swiatlowski,³⁷ S. P. Swift,² T. Swirski,¹⁷⁷ A. Sydorenko,⁹⁹ I. Sykora,²⁹a M. Sykora,¹⁴³ T. Sykora,¹⁴³ D. Ta,⁹⁹

K. Tackmann,⁴⁶ss J. Taenzer,¹⁶¹ A. Taffard,¹⁷¹ R. Tafirout,¹⁶⁸a H. Takai,²⁶b R. Takashima,⁸⁶ K. Takeda,⁸² T. Takeshita,¹⁵⁰

E. P. Takeva,⁵⁰ Y. Takubo,⁸¹ M. Talby,¹⁰¹ A. A. Talyshev,¹²¹b,¹²¹a N. M. Tamir,¹⁶¹ J. Tanaka,¹⁶³ M. Tanaka,¹⁶⁵ R. Tanaka,¹³² S. Tapia Araya,¹⁷³ S. Tapprogge,⁹⁹ A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed,¹³⁶ S. Tarem,¹⁶⁰ K. Tariq,⁶⁰b G. Tarna,²⁸b,tt

G. F. Tartarelli,⁶⁸a P. Tas,¹⁴³ M. Tasevsky,¹⁴¹ T. Tashiro,⁸⁵ E. Tassi,⁴¹b,⁴¹a A. Tavares Delgado,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰b Y. Tayalati,³⁵e

A. J. Taylor,⁵⁰ G. N. Taylor,¹⁰⁴ W. Taylor,¹⁶⁸b A. S. Tee,⁸⁹ R. Teixeira De Lima,¹⁵³ P. Teixeira-Dias,⁹³ H. Ten Kate,³⁶

J. J. Teoh,¹¹⁹ S. Terada,⁸¹ K. Terashi,¹⁶³ J. Terron,⁹⁸ S. Terzo,¹⁴ M. Testa,⁵¹ R. J. Teuscher,¹⁶⁷p S. J. Thais,¹⁸³

T. Theveneaux-Pelzer,⁴⁶ F. Thiele,⁴⁰ D. W. Thomas,⁹³ J. O. Thomas,⁴² J. P. Thomas,²¹ A. S. Thompson,⁵⁷ P. D. Thompson,²¹

L. A. Thomsen,¹⁸³ E. Thomson,¹³⁷ E. J. Thorpe,⁹² R. E. Ticse Torres,⁵³ V. O. Tikhomirov,¹¹⁰,uu Yu. A. Tikhonov,¹²¹b,¹²¹a

S. Timoshenko,¹¹¹ P. Tipton,¹⁸³ S. Tisserant,¹⁰¹ K. Todome,²³b,²³a S. Todorova-Nova,⁵ S. Todt,⁴⁸ J. Tojo,⁸⁷ S. Tokár,²⁹a

K. Tokushuku,⁸¹ E. Tolley,¹²⁶ K. G. Tomiwa,³³d M. Tomoto,¹¹⁶ L. Tompkins,¹⁵³,ff B. Tong,⁵⁹ P. Tornambe,¹⁰² E. Torrence,¹³¹

H. Torres,⁴⁸ E. Torró Pastor,¹⁴⁸ C. Tosciri,¹³⁵ J. Toth,¹⁰¹,yy D. R. Tovey,¹⁴⁹ A. Traeet,¹⁷ C. J. Treado,¹²⁴ T. Trefzger,¹⁷⁷

F. Tresoldi,¹⁵⁶ A. Tricoli,²⁶b I. M. Trigger,¹⁶⁸a S. Trincaz-Duvoid,¹³⁶ W. Trischuk,¹⁷⁶ B. Trocmé,⁵⁸ A. Trofymov,¹⁴⁵

C. Troncon,⁶⁸a M. Trovatelli,¹⁷⁶ F. Trovato,¹⁵⁶ L. Truong,³³b M. Trzebinski,⁸⁴ A. Trzupek,⁸⁴ F. Tsai,⁴⁶ J. C-L. Tseng,¹³⁵

P. V. Tsiareshka,¹⁰⁷,hh A. Tsirigotis,¹⁶² V. Tsiskaridze,¹⁵⁵ E. G. Tskhadadze,¹⁵⁹a M. Tsopoulou,¹⁶² I. I. Tsukerman,¹²³

V. Tsulaia,¹⁸ S. Tsuno,⁸¹ D. Tsybychev,¹⁵⁵ Y. Tu,⁶³b A. Tudorache,²⁸b V. Tudorache,²⁸b T. T. Tulbure,²⁸a A. N. Tuna,⁵⁹

S. Turchikhin,⁷⁹ D. Turgeman,¹⁸⁰ I. Turk Cakir,⁴b,ww R. J. Turner,²¹ R. T. Turra,⁶⁸a P. M. Tuts,³⁹ S. Tzamarias,¹⁶²

E. Tzovara,⁹⁹ G. Ucchielli,⁴⁷ K. Uchida,¹⁶³ I. Ueda,⁸¹ M. Ughetto,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b F. Ukegawa,¹⁶⁹ G. Unal,³⁶ A. Undrus,²⁶b G. Unel,¹⁷¹

F. C. Ungaro,¹⁰⁴ Y. Unno,⁸¹ K. Uno,¹⁶³ J. Urban,²⁹b P. Urquijo,¹⁰⁴ G. Usai,⁸ Z. Uysal,¹²d V. Vacek,¹⁴² B. Vachon,¹⁰³

K. O. H. Vadla,¹³⁴ A. Vaidya,⁹⁴ C. Valderanis,¹¹³ E. Valdes Santurio,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b M. Valente,⁵⁴ S. Valentinetti,²³b,²³a A. Valero,¹⁷⁴

L. Valéry,⁴⁶ R. A. Vallance,²¹ A. Vallier,³⁶ J. A. Valls Ferrer,¹⁷⁴ T. R. Van Daalen,¹⁴ P. Van Gemmeren,⁶ I. Van Vulpen,¹¹⁹

M. Vanadia,⁷³a,⁷³b W. Vandelli,³⁶ E. R. Vandewall,¹²⁹ A. Vaniachine,¹⁶⁶ D. Vannicola,⁷²a,⁷²b R. Vari,⁷²a E. W. Varnes,⁷

C. Varni,⁵⁵b,⁵⁵a T. Varol,¹⁵⁸ D. Varouchas,¹³² K. E. Varvell,¹⁵⁷ M. E. Vasile,²⁸b G. A. Vasquez,¹⁷⁶ J. G. Vasquez,¹⁸³

F. Vazeille,³⁸ D. Vazquez Furelos,¹⁴ T. Vazquez Schroeder,³⁶ J. Veatch,⁵³ V. Vecchio,⁷⁴a,⁷⁴b M. J. Veen,¹¹⁹ L. M. Veloce,¹⁶⁷

F. Veloso,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰c S. Veneziano,⁷²a A. Ventura,⁶⁷a,⁶⁷b N. Venturi,³⁶ A. Verbytskyi,¹¹⁴ V. Vercesi,⁷⁰a M. Verducci,⁷¹a,⁷¹b

C. M. Vergel Infante,⁷⁸ C. Vergis,²⁴ W. Verkerke,¹¹⁹ A. T. Vermeulen,¹¹⁹ J. C. Vermeulen,¹¹⁹ M. C. Vetterli,¹⁵²,d

N. Viaux Maira,¹⁴⁷c M. Vicente Barreto Pinto,⁵⁴ T. Vickey,¹⁴⁹ O. E. Vickey Boeriu,¹⁴⁹ G. H. A. Viehhauser,¹³⁵ L. Vigani,⁶¹b

M. Villa,²³b,²³a M. Villaplana Perez,⁶⁸a,⁶⁸b E. Vilucchi,⁵¹ M. G. Vincter,³⁴ G. S. Virdee,²¹ A. Vishwakarma,⁴⁶ C. Vittori,²³b,²³a

I. Vivarelli,¹⁵⁶ M. Vogel,¹⁸² P. Vokac,¹⁴² S. E. von Buddenbrock,³³d E. Von Toerne,²⁴ V. Vorobel,¹⁴³ K. Vorobev,¹¹¹

M. Vos,¹⁷⁴ J. H. Vossebeld,⁹⁰ M. Vozak,¹⁰⁰ N. Vranjes,¹⁶ M. Vranjes Milosavljevic,¹⁶ V. Vrba,¹⁴² M. Vreeswijk,¹¹⁹

R. Vuillermet,³⁶ I. Vukotic,³⁷ P. Wagner,²⁴ W. Wagner,¹⁸² J. Wagner-Kuhr,¹¹³ S. Wahdan,¹⁸² H. Wahlberg,⁸⁸

V. M. Walbrecht,¹¹⁴ J. Walder,⁸⁹ R. Walker,¹¹³ S. D. Walker,⁹³ W. Walkowiak,¹⁵¹ V. Wallangen,⁴⁵a,⁴⁵b A. M. Wang,⁵⁹

C. Wang,⁶⁰c C. Wang,⁶⁰b F. Wang,¹⁸¹ H. Wang,¹⁸ H. Wang,³ J. Wang,⁶³a J. Wang,¹⁵⁷ J. Wang,⁶¹b P. Wang,⁴² Q. Wang,¹²⁸

R.-J. Wang,⁹⁹ R. Wang,⁶⁰a R. Wang,⁶ S. M. Wang,¹⁵⁸ W. T. Wang,⁶⁰a W. Wang,¹⁵c,xx W. X. Wang,⁶⁰a,xx Y. Wang,⁶⁰a,yy

Z. Wang,⁶⁰c C. Wanotayaroj,⁴⁶ A. Warburton,¹⁰³ C. P. Ward,³² D. R. Wardrope,⁹⁴ N. Warrack,⁵⁷ A. Washbrook,⁵⁰

A. T. Watson,²¹ M. F. Watson,²¹ G. Watts,¹⁴⁸ B. M. Waugh,⁹⁴ A. F. Webb,¹¹ S. Webb,⁹⁹ C. Weber,¹⁸³ M. S. Weber,²⁰

S. A. Weber,³⁴ S. M. Weber,⁶¹a A. R. Weidberg,¹³⁵ J. Weingarten,⁴⁷ M. Weirich,⁹⁹ C. Weiser,⁵² P. S. Wells,³⁶ T. Wenaus,²⁶b

T. Wengler,³⁶ S. Wenig,³⁶ N. Hermes,²⁴ M. D. Werner,⁷⁸ M. Wessels,⁶¹a T. D. Weston,²⁰ K. Whalen,¹³¹ N. L. Whallon,¹⁴⁸

A. M. Wharton,⁸⁹ A. S. White,¹⁰⁵ A. White,⁸ M. J. White,¹ D. Whiteson,¹⁷¹ B. W. Whitmore,⁸⁹ W. Wiedenmann,¹⁸¹

M. Wielers,¹⁴⁴ N. Wieseotte,⁹⁹ C. Wiglesworth,⁴⁰ L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs,⁵² F. Wilk,¹⁰⁰ H. G. Wilkens,³⁶ L. J. Wilkins,⁹³

H. H. Williams,¹³⁷ S. Williams,³² C. Willis,¹⁰⁶ S. Willocq,¹⁰² J. A. Wilson,²¹ I. Wingerter-Seez,⁵ E. Winkels,¹⁵⁶

F. Winklmeier,¹³¹ O. J. Winston,¹⁵⁶ B. T. Winter,⁵² M. Wittgen,¹⁵³ M. Wobisch,⁹⁵ A. Wolf,⁹⁹ T. M. H. Wolf,¹¹⁹ R. Wolff,¹⁰¹

R. W. Wölker,¹³⁵ J. Wollrath,⁵² M. W. Wolter,⁸⁴ H. Wolters,¹⁴⁰a,¹⁴⁰c V. W. S. Wong,¹⁷⁵ N. L. Woods,¹⁴⁶ S. D. Worm,²¹

B. K. Wosiek,⁸⁴ K. W. Woźniak,⁸⁴ K. Wraight,⁵⁷ S. L. Wu,¹⁸¹ X. Wu,⁵⁴ Y. Wu,⁶⁰a T. R. Wyatt,¹⁰⁰ B. M. Wynne,⁵⁰ S. Xella,⁴⁰
Z. Xi,<sup>105</sup> L. Xia,<sup>178</sup> X. Xiao,<sup>105</sup> I. Xiotidis,<sup>156</sup> D. Xu,<sup>15a</sup> H. Xu,<sup>60a,tt</sup> L. Xu,<sup>26b</sup> T. Xu,<sup>145</sup> W. Xu,<sup>105</sup> Z. Xu,<sup>60b</sup> Z. Xu,<sup>153</sup>
B. Yabsley,<sup>157</sup> S. Yacoob,<sup>33a</sup> K. Yajima,<sup>133</sup> D. P. Vallup,<sup>94</sup> D. Yamaguchi,<sup>165</sup> Y. Yamaguchi,<sup>165</sup> A. Yamamoto,<sup>81</sup>
M. Yamatani,<sup>163</sup> T. Yamazaki,<sup>163</sup> Y. Yamazaki,<sup>82</sup> Z. Yan,<sup>25</sup> H. J. Yang,<sup>60c,60d</sup> H. T. Yang,<sup>18</sup> S. Yang,<sup>77</sup> X. Yang,<sup>60b,58</sup>
Y. Yang,<sup>163</sup> W.-M. Yao,<sup>18</sup> Y. C. Yap,<sup>46</sup> Y. Yasu,<sup>81</sup> E. Yatsenko,<sup>60c,60d</sup> J. Ye,<sup>42</sup> S. Ye,<sup>26b</sup> I. Yeletskikh,<sup>79</sup> M. R. Yexley,<sup>89</sup>
E. Yigitbasi,<sup>25</sup> K. Yorita,<sup>179</sup> K. Yoshihara,<sup>137</sup> C. J. S. Young,<sup>36</sup> C. Young,<sup>153</sup> J. Yu,<sup>78</sup> R. Yuan,<sup>60b,zz</sup> X. Yue,<sup>61a</sup> S. P. Y. Yuen,<sup>24</sup>
M. Zaazoua,<sup>35e</sup> B. Zabinski,<sup>84</sup> G. Zacharis,<sup>10</sup> E. Zaffaroni,<sup>54</sup> J. Zahreddine,<sup>136</sup> A. M. Zaitsev,<sup>122,11</sup> T. Zakareishvili,<sup>159b</sup>
N. Zakharchuk,<sup>34</sup> S. Zambito,<sup>59</sup> D. Zanzi,<sup>36</sup> D. R. Zaripovas,<sup>57</sup> S. V. Zeißner,<sup>47</sup> C. Zeitnitz,<sup>182</sup> G. Zemaityte,<sup>135</sup> J. C. Zeng,<sup>173</sup>
O. Zenin,<sup>122</sup> T. Ženiš,<sup>29a</sup> D. Zerwas,<sup>132</sup> M. Zgubič,<sup>135</sup> B. Zhang,<sup>15c</sup> D. F. Zhang,<sup>15b</sup> G. Zhang,<sup>15b</sup> H. Zhang,<sup>15c</sup> J. Zhang,<sup>6</sup>
L. Zhang,<sup>15c</sup> L. Zhang,<sup>60a</sup> M. Zhang,<sup>173</sup> R. Zhang,<sup>24</sup> X. Zhang,<sup>60b</sup> Y. Zhang,<sup>15a,15d</sup> Z. Zhang,<sup>63a</sup> Z. Zhang,<sup>132</sup> P. Zhao,<sup>49</sup>
Y. Zhao,<sup>60b</sup> Z. Zhao,<sup>60a</sup> A. Zhemchugov,<sup>79</sup> Z. Zheng,<sup>105</sup> D. Zhong,<sup>173</sup> B. Zhou,<sup>105</sup> C. Zhou,<sup>181</sup> M. S. Zhou,<sup>15a,15d</sup> M. Zhou,<sup>155</sup>
N. Zhou,<sup>60c</sup> Y. Zhou,<sup>7</sup> C. G. Zhu,<sup>60b</sup> C. Zhu,<sup>15a,15d</sup> H. L. Zhu,<sup>60a</sup> H. Zhu,<sup>15a</sup> J. Zhu,<sup>105</sup> Y. Zhu,<sup>60a</sup> X. Zhuang,<sup>15a</sup> K. Zhukov,<sup>110</sup>
V. Zhulanov,<sup>121b,121a</sup> D. Zieminska,<sup>65</sup> N. I. Zimine,<sup>79</sup> S. Zimmermann,<sup>52</sup> Z. Zinonos,<sup>114</sup> M. Ziolkowski,<sup>151</sup> L. Živković,<sup>16</sup>
G. Zobernig,<sup>181</sup> A. Zoccoli,<sup>23b,23a</sup> K. Zoch,<sup>53</sup> T. G. Zorbas,<sup>149</sup> R. Zou,<sup>37</sup> and L. Zwalinski<sup>36</sup>

(ATLAS Collaboration)

<footnote n="1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia</footnote>

<footnote n="2"><sup>2</sup>Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, New York, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada</footnote>

<footnote><sup>4a</sup>Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote><sup>4b</sup>Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote><sup>4c</sup>Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote n="5"><sup>5</sup>LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France</footnote>

<footnote n="6"><sup>6</sup>High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="7"><sup>7</sup>Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="8"><sup>8</sup>Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="9"><sup>9</sup>Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece</footnote>

<footnote n="10"><sup>10</sup>Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece</footnote>

<footnote n="11"><sup>11</sup>Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</footnote>

<footnote><sup>12a</sup>Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote><sup>12b</sup>Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote><sup>12c</sup>Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote><sup>12d</sup>Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey</footnote>

<footnote n="13"><sup>13</sup>Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan</footnote>

<footnote n="14"><sup>14</sup>Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain</footnote>

<footnote><sup>15a</sup>Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</footnote>

<footnote><sup>15b</sup>Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China</footnote>

<footnote><sup>15c</sup>Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China</footnote>

<footnote><sup>15d</sup>University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China</footnote>

<footnote n="16"><sup>16</sup>Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</footnote>

<footnote n="17"><sup>17</sup>Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway</footnote>

<footnote n="18"><sup>18</sup>Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="19"><sup>19</sup>Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="20"><sup>20</sup>Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern,
Bern, Switzerland</footnote>

<footnote n="21"><sup>21</sup>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom</footnote>

<footnote n="22"><sup>22</sup>Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota, Colombia</footnote>

<footnote><sup>23a</sup>INFN Bologna and Universita' di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy</footnote>

<footnote><sup>23b</sup>INFN Sezione di Bologna, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="24"><sup>24</sup>Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="25"><sup>25</sup>Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</footnote>

<footnote><sup>26a</sup>University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Colorado, USA</footnote>

<footnote><sup>26b</sup>Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="27"><sup>27</sup>Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA</footnote>

<footnote><sup>28a</sup>Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania</footnote>

<footnote><sup>28b</sup>Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania</footnote>
<sup>28c</sup>Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania

<sup>28d</sup>National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

<sup>28e</sup>University Politehnică Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

<sup>28f</sup>West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania

<sup>29a</sup>Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

<sup>29b</sup>Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic

<sup>30</sup>Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

<sup>31</sup>California State University, California, USA

<sup>32</sup>Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

<sup>33a</sup>Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

<sup>33b</sup>Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

<sup>33c</sup>University of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria, South Africa

<sup>33d</sup>School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

<sup>34</sup>Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada

<sup>35a</sup>Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies—Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco

<sup>35b</sup>Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco

<sup>35c</sup>Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Morocco

<sup>35d</sup>Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco

<sup>35e</sup>Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco

<sup>36</sup>CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

<sup>37</sup>Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

<sup>38</sup>LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France

<sup>39</sup>Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, New York, USA

<sup>40</sup>Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

<sup>41a</sup>Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy

<sup>41b</sup>INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy

<sup>42</sup>Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA

<sup>43</sup>Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA

<sup>44</sup>National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece

<sup>45a</sup>Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden

<sup>45b</sup>Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden

<sup>46</sup>Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany

<sup>47</sup>Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

<sup>48</sup>Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

<sup>49</sup>Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

<sup>50</sup>SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

<sup>51</sup>INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy

<sup>52</sup>Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

<sup>53</sup>II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

<sup>54</sup>Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland

<sup>55a</sup>Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

<sup>55b</sup>INFN Sezione di Genova, Italy

<sup>56</sup>II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany

<sup>57</sup>SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

<sup>58</sup>LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France

<sup>59</sup>Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

<sup>60a</sup>Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

<sup>60b</sup>Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China

<sup>60c</sup>School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC, Shanghai, China

<sup>60d</sup>Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China

<sup>61a</sup>Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

<sup>61b</sup>Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

<sup>62</sup>Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan

<sup>63a</sup>Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China

<sup>63b</sup>Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
63c Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

64Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

65Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

66aINFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy

66bICTP, Trieste, Italy

66cDipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy

67aINFN Sezione di Lecce, Italy

67bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy

68aINFN Sezione di Milano, Italy

68bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy

69aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy

69bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

70aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Italy

70bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

71aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy

71bDipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

72aINFN Sezione di Roma, Italy

72bDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy

73aINFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy

73bDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

74aINFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Italy

74bDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy

75aINFN-TIFPA, Italy

75bUniversità degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy

76Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria

77University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

78Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

79Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

80aDepartamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil

80bUniversidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

80cUniversidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, Brazil

80dInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

81KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

82Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

83aAGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland

83bMarian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

84Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland

85Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

86Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan

87Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

88Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina

89Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

90Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

91Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Slovenia

92School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

93Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom

94Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

95Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA

96Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden

97Centre de Calcul de l'Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France

98Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

99Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

100School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

101CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France

102Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA

103Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada

104School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

105Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
¹⁰⁶Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

¹⁰⁷B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus

¹⁰⁸Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus

¹⁰⁹Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC, Canada

¹¹⁰P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

¹¹¹National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

¹¹²D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

¹¹³Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany

¹¹⁴Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany

¹¹⁵Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan

¹¹⁶Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

¹¹⁷Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

¹¹⁸Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands

¹¹⁹Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

¹²⁰Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA

¹²¹Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

¹²¹bNovosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia

¹²²Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Russia

¹²³Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia

¹²⁴Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York, USA

¹²⁵Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

¹²⁶The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

¹²⁷Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

¹²⁸Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA

¹²⁹Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA

¹³⁰Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc, Czech Republic

¹³¹Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA

¹³²LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France

¹³³Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

¹³⁴Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

¹³⁵Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

¹³⁶LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France

¹³⁷Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

¹³⁸Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St. Petersburg, Russia

¹³⁹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

¹⁴⁰aLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP, Lisboa, Portugal

¹⁴⁰bDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

¹⁴⁰cDepartamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

¹⁴⁰dCentro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

¹⁴⁰eDepartamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

¹⁴⁰fDepartamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

¹⁴⁰gDep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

¹⁴⁰hInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

¹⁴¹Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

¹⁴²Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

¹⁴³Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic

¹⁴⁴Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom

¹⁴⁵IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

¹⁴⁶Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA

¹⁴⁷aDepartamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

¹⁴⁷bUniversidad Andres Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago, Chile

¹⁴⁷cDepartamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile

¹⁴⁸Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

¹⁴⁹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

¹⁵⁰Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan

¹⁵¹Department of Physics, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany

¹⁵²Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada

¹⁵³SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA

¹⁵⁴Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
¹⁵⁵Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

¹⁵⁶Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom

¹⁵⁷School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

¹⁵⁸Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

¹⁵⁹ªE. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

¹⁵⁹ᵇHigh Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

¹⁶⁰Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

¹⁶¹Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

¹⁶²Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

¹⁶³International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁶⁴Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁶⁵Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁶⁶ᵇTomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

¹⁶⁷Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada

¹⁶⁸ᵃTRIUMF, Vancouver BC, Canada

¹⁶⁸ᵇDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON, Canada

¹⁶⁹Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

¹⁷⁰Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

¹⁷¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA

¹⁷²Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden

¹⁷³Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA

¹⁷⁴Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia—CSIC, Valencia, Spain

¹⁷⁵Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada

¹⁷⁶Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada

¹⁷⁷Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

¹⁷⁸Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

¹⁷⁹Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

¹⁸⁰Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

¹⁸¹Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

¹⁸²Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

¹⁸³Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

¹⁸⁴Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia

<footnote>ªDeceased.</footnote>

<footnote>ᵇAlso at Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.</footnote>

<footnote>ᶜAlso at Instituto de Física Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.</footnote>

<footnote>ᵈAlso at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC, Canada.</footnote>

<footnote>ᵉAlso at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.</footnote>

<footnote>fAlso at Physics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.</footnote>

<footnote>gAlso at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, USA.</footnote>

<footnote>hAlso at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.</footnote>

<footnote>iAlso at Physics Dept, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.</footnote>

<footnote>jAlso at Departament de Física de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</footnote>

<footnote>kAlso at Tomsk State University, Tomsk, and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia.</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹Also at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing, China.</footnote>

<footnote>mAlso at Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.</footnote>

<footnote>nAlso at Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.</footnote>

<footnote>oAlso at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy.</footnote>

<footnote>pAlso at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Vancouver, Canada.</footnote>

<footnote>qAlso at Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.</footnote>

<footnote>rAlso at Dipartimento di Matematica, Informatica e Fisica, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy.</footnote>

<footnote>sAlso at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.</footnote>

<footnote>tAlso at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.</footnote>

<footnote>uAlso at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece.</footnote>

<footnote>vAlso at Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay, USA.</footnote>

<footnote>wAlso at Institutucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.</footnote>

<footnote>xAlso at Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</footnote>

<footnote>yAlso at LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.</footnote>
<sup>z</sup>Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

<sup>aa</sup>Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

<sup>bb</sup>Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.

<sup>cc</sup>Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

<sup>dd</sup>Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

<sup>ee</sup>Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

<sup>ff</sup>Also at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

<sup>gg</sup>Also at Manhattan College, New York, New York, USA.

<sup>hh</sup>Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.

<sup>ii</sup>Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.

<sup>ij</sup>Also at The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.

<sup>kk</sup>Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, USA.

<sup>ll</sup>Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia.

<sup>mm</sup>Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.

<sup>nn</sup>Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA.

<sup>oo</sup>Also at School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

<sup>pp</sup>Also at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

<sup>qq</sup>Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

<sup>rr</sup>Also at Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

<sup>ss</sup>Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

<sup>tt</sup>Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France.

<sup>uu</sup>Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia.

<sup>vv</sup>Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.

<sup>ww</sup>Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun, Turkey.

<sup>xx</sup>Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

<sup>yy</sup>Also at LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France.

<sup>zz</sup>Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.