INDEX

Alba, duke of, 18, 35–36

Albrecht, Jane, 66–67

Alexander VI, 29

Alonso de Herrera, Gabriel, 47–48

*Amazonas en las Indias* (Tirso de Molina),
44–45

anachronisms, 116–17

*Anatomy of Criticism* (Frye), 8

Antonucci, Fausta, 94, 133, 137

Antwerp, sack of, 18

Araucana, 19–20

*La Araucana* (Ercilla), 14, 78, 120, 146, 201

*Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega)

Biobío River boundary and, 22–23

composition and performance of, 120

cost of war in, 114

critical attention to, 91–92, 93–95

critique of military in, 96

demonization of Other in, 123–24

diplomacy in, 110–11

historical inscription in, 84–86

humanization of Other in, 119–21

human suffering in, 113–15

juxtaposition of genre in, 87, 88, 89, 96,
125, 127–28

nostalgia in, 85–86

perspectives on imperialism in, 106–9

Providence in, 81

representation of Spanish in, 108–9

*Arcadia* (Sydney), 164

Arellano Ayuso, Ignacio, 178–79

Arenal, Electa, 14

Ariosto, Ludovico, *Orlando Furioso*, 130, 197

aristocracy. *See* nobility

Armada, 19

*armas y letras* pamphlets, 34–35

assimilation, 32–33

Ávila, Gaspar de, 27

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 165, 199–200

Ball, Robert, 162–63

barbarians, beneficent civilization of, 25, 96

Barnard, Mary, 163, 178

*Battle of the Frogs and Mice* (Homer), 165,
175

Bénichou, Paul, 182

Bennett, Tony, 5, 9, 163

Bergmann, Emilie, 89

Black Legend, 83, 137

Boriaud, Jean-Yves, 178

bourgeois discourse, 200

Boyden, James, 35–36

Breda, capture of, 20

Brownlee, Marina, 3

burlesque epic. See also *Don Quijote*
(Cervantes); *La gatomaquia* (Lope de

Vega); Quevedo, Francisco de
description of, 166

in England, 185–91

in France, 182–85

gross physiological references in, 169,
171, 173–74, 184–85, 197

hegemony and reception of, 178–79

marginalization of, 164, 199–200

overview of, 10, 161–62

parody and, 165–66

Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Núñez, 42

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, 84, 93, 164

Canavaggio, Jean, 88

Cañete, marquis of, 22

cannibalism, 122, 123

Cano, Melchor, 27

*Cantar del mío Cid*, 168

*Carlos Famoso* (Zapata), 166

Cascardi, Anthony, 1–2, 5, 7, 79, 127

Cecil, Robert, 186
*La celosa de sí misma* (Tirso de Molina),
51-54, 70, 72, 73-74

Ceriol, Furió, 6, 35

Cervantes, Miguel de. See also *La destrucción de Numancia* (Cervantes); *Don Quijote* (Cervantes)

*Persiles*, 199

*Viaje al Parnaso*, 164

*Cervantes, Raphael, and the Classics* (de Armas), 88

Charles V, 24, 25, 36

Chile, 21-23. See also *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega); *Los españoles en Chile* (González de Bustos)

Christianity and empire, 28, 108-9

*The Civile Wars* (Drayton), 164

Clarke, Larry, 185-86

Coe, Ada M., 132

Cohen, Ralph, 10, 15 n. 9

Colomb, Gregory, 6, 161, 198-99

*comedia de capa y espada*, 72-73, 146

*comedias*

cross-dressed heroines in, 142

location of, 43-44

misunderstandings in, 57

subplots typical of, 144-45

*villano* and *cortesano* in, 46-47

Conchado, Diana, 164-66, 178

Contag, Kimberly, 178

*converso*, conflation of *indiano* and, 45, 70

*cortesano* character, 46, 53-54, 60

cost of war, portrayal of, 98-99, 114

counter-epic

as denaturalization of power relations, 16

emergence of, 164-65

in France and England, 182-91

marginalization of physical bravery in,
105

materialist, “epochal” analysis of, 1-2, 4,
5-6, 13, 77-78

meaning of term, 4

novel and, 198-202

strategies of, 129-30

counter-generic text and literary mimesis,
23

*The Country and the City* (Williams), 46-47

courtier, 2, 61

courtly system, critique of, 56-57

courtship, vulgarization and demystification
of, 187-89

Covarrubias, Diego, 29

Cox, John, 80

*criollo*, 39-40

Culler, Jonathan, 13

*Culture and Imperialism* (Said), 40-41

Cyrano de Bergerac, 178

Daalder, Joost, 62

d'Aubigné, *Les Tragiques*, 14

Davies, Gareth, 43

de Armas, Frederick, 23, 88, 89, 90, 92-93,
122

defamiliarization model, 13-14

*La destrucción de Numancia* (Cervantes)

classical views in, 23

collective self-destruction in, 82-83, 113,
123

cost of war in, 98-99

critical attention to, 87-91

critique of military in, 96, 99, 100-101

demonization of Other in, 122-23

diplomacy in, 110

historical inscription in, 82-83

historical writing in, 83-84

humanization of Other in, 116-19

human suffering in, 31, 101-2, 111-13

ideology and closure in, 125-26

imperialist discourses in, 92-93

justification for rebellion in, 102-4

juxtaposition of genre in, 87, 88, 89, 96,
126-28

legitimacy of wars of imperialism theme
in, 97-106

links to Rome in, 79

paradox in, 104-5

perspective on Roman struggle in,
99-100

Providence and history in, 81

representation of siege warfare in, 105-6

self-reflection in, 81-82

as source for other works, 93

Díaz Balsera, Viviana

on *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega), 95,
97, 119-20, 121

on Spain's justification of conquest,
115-16, 122, 124-25

Dille, Glen, 43-44, 93-94

diplomacy, scenes of, 110-11

discourses of empire, 1-2

discursive competition, 12
Dollimore, Jonathan, 8

dominium, 25–28

Don Quijote (Cervantes)

amatory adventures in, 197–98

aristocracy in, 192

as burlesque epic, 178

chivalry in, 154

disdain for dominant class in, 164

doctrine of natural liberty in, 193–94

military in, 102, 192–93, 194

overview of, 191–92, 198

Sancho Panza’s governorship in, 195

treatment of squire by, 194–95

Drake, Francis, 19

dramaturgy, elements of, 108

“early modern,” meaning of term, 3–4

economy of Spain. See also encomienda system; money

merchant class, rise of, 2, 16, 186

metal from colonies and, 21, 27–28, 29–30

wealth and social status, 72, 198

Eguiluz, Martín de, 34

Elizabeth I, 18, 186

Elliott, J. H., 2, 3, 35, 48, 81, 110

emergent discourse, 6

Empire and Emancipation (Pieterse), 95–96, 116

encomienda system, 26–27, 31, 95–96, 103

Engendering Rome (Keith), 171

England

counter-epic in, 185–91

history play in, 79

Spain and, 18–19, 21

epic, 23, 171. See also burlesque epic; counter-epic

Epic and Empire (Quint), 14

“epochal” analysis, 1–2, 4, 5–6, 13, 77–78

Eraso, Francisco de, 36

Ercilla, La Araucana, 14, 78, 120, 146, 201

Los españoles en Chile (González de Bustos)

closure in, 157–59

conflict in, 143–44

critical evaluation of, 132–34

deceptive honesty motif in, 148–49

disguised identity in, 155–56

dramatic convention in, 155–59

dramatic emplotment in, 140–41, 147, 156–57

farce in, 153–55

historical inscription in, 137

inscription and reinscription in, 157

military in, 139, 149–51

overview of, 129

subplots in, 145–49

ethnicity, 95–96

examen, 152

Ezquerra, Ramón de, 33, 34

Fairy Queene (Spenser), 164

Farnese, Alexander, 18, 19, 36, 78

Ferdinand, 25, 29

Fish, Stanley, 11–12, 13

food theme, 112, 174–75, 197

Fowler, Alastair, 163

Fra Molinero, Baltasar, 3

France, counter-epic in, 182–85

Friedman, Edward, 89

Frye, Northrop, 8, 166

Galdames, Luis, History of Chile, 22

La gatomaquia (Lope de Vega)

burlesque technique in, 165

critique of aristocracy in, 175–76

critique of military in, 173

deflation of rhetorical techniques in, 177–78

food and kitchen in, 174–75

as imitatio, 175–76

men in, 173

overview of, 161–62

plot of, 170–71

stylistic devices in, 176–77

vulgar corporeality in, 173–74

women in, 171–72

gender study, 14. See also women

genre. See also novel; parody

of La destrucción de Numancia, 88–91

history play, early modern European, 78–86

indeterminacy of, 163–64

juxtaposition of in La destrucción de Numancia and Arauco domado, 87, 88, 89, 96, 125, 126–28

juxtaposition of in Los españoles en Chile and Numancia diptych, 138

materialist poetics of, 8–11

“sociology of,” 9, 161, 163

violating boundaries of, 88
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 186

Godzich, Wlad, 8–9

Gómez de Silva, Ruy, 35–36

González de Bustos. See *Los españoles en Chile*
(González de Bustos)

Greenblatt, Stephen, 8, 41–42, 45

Greene, Thomas, 23

Greer, Margaret, 3

Guerrero, Gonzalo, 42

Guevara, Antonio de, 47–48, 164

Guillén, Claudio, 4 n. 5

Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich, 3

Hegstrom, Valerie, 14

Heller, Scott, 3–4

Hempel, Wido, 63

Henriad (Shakespeare), 78, 81, 200–201

Hernmegildo, Alfredo, 91

Hindson, Jean, 65

historia, 126–27

historical inscription

in *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega), 84–86

in *La destrucción de Numancia* (Cervantes),
82–83

in *Don Quijote* (Cervantes), 196–97

in *Los españoles en Chile* (González de
Bustos), 137

in *Numancia cercada* (Rojas Zorrilla), 134

in *Numancia destruida* (Rojas Zorrilla),
134–37
role of, 82

historical periods as monolithic entities, 15–16

historiography

printing press and, 79
of Spanish Empire, 24

*History and Warfare in Renaissance Epic*
(Murrin), 164

*History of Chile* (Galdames), 22

history play. See also *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega); *La destrucción de Numancia* (Cervantes); *Los españoles en Chile* (González de Bustos); *Numancia cercada* (Rojas Zorrilla); *Numancia destruida* (Rojas Zorrilla)

early modern European, 78–86, 127

Elizabethan and Jacobean, 134

late baroque, 138–44, 159

novelization of, 129–30
role of, 128

Homer, *Battle of the Frogs and Mice*, 165, 175

human suffering, portrayal of, 31, 101–2,
111–13, 113–15

Hurtado de Mendoza, García, 22, 78.

See also *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega)
Hutcheon, Linda, 162, 165

identity and status

disguised, 155–56

instability of, 7, 16, 41–46, 56–57, 72–76

"Imitación de Virgilio en lo que Dido dijo a
Eneas queriendo dejarla" (Quevedo),
161–62, 166–68

*imitatio*, 162–63, 175

imperialism

debate over, 2–3, 17, 24–30

ideology of, 15

juridical justifications of, 24–30

Lascasian critiques of, 30–33

overview of, 1559–1665, 17–23

political factionalism and, 35–37

professional soldier and, 33–35

Rome in Spanish political *imaginaire*,
23–24

urbanism and, 48

*Imperial Spain* (Elliott), 48

*indiano* drama

as aspect of military conquest, 7

characters in, 39–40

critiques of, 43–44

elements of, 48–49

family honor in, 50

pretenders in, 72–75

senex *amans* conflation in, 62–69

social dynamic in, 200

stock characters and subjectivity, 46–48

villano conflation in, 46–48, 50–51

*El indiano en la dramática de Tirso de Molina*
(Urtiaga), 43

*El indiano* (Lope de Vega), 75

indianos

ethnicity and identity of, 41–46

liminal status of, 42–43, 44–46, 62, 69, 75

meaning of term, 40

money and, 69–72

as naive and generous, 58–60, 61

origins of, 40

return of to Spain, 16

silencing of, 44, 45, 65, 75–76

wealth of, 27, 30, 198

Isaba, Marcos de, 34
Iser, Wolfgang, 11, 12, 13

Islam, 17

isolationism, 29

Jameson, Fredric, 8

Jansenist thought, 182

Jauss, Hans Robert, 11, 12, 13

Johnson, Carroll, 7–8, 88, 90–91, 92

Juana of Austria, 36

juntas, 24–25

“just war” theory, 28–29

Keith, Alison, 171

Keun, Ricardo Ferrando, *Y así nació la frontera*, 21–22

kind, 163

King, Willard, 90, 91, 92, 105

King John (Shakespeare), 80–81

Kirschner, Teresa, 95, 108

Larson, Catherine, 74

Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 3, 6, 30–33

Lauer, A. Robert, 133

Lerma, Duque de, 2, 19–20

Lindenberger, Herbert, 79–80

*Literature Among Discourses* (Godzich and Spadaccini), 8–9

Loftis, John, 84, 93, 102, 201

*Lords of All the World* (Pagden), 23–24

Lukács, Georg, 200–201

Lynch, John, 2, 18, 35

MacCurdy, Raymond, 131

Macherey, Pierre, 44

Madox, Richard, 45

Magnan, Robert, 62

Maguire, Nancy Klein, 88

Mallin, Eric, 186

Marañón, Gregorio, 35

Maravall, José Antonio, 15

Margaret of Parma, 18, 36

Mariana, Juan de, 79

Marinelli, Peter, 130

Mariscal, George
*on indianos*, 40, 43, 45, 70, 200
*on Spain*, 41
*studies by*, 3

marriage
courtship, vulgarization and demystification of, 187–89

indiano status and, 54

private, 65–66

*Marta la piadosa* (Tirso de Molina), 62–63, 66–69, 71

Martín, Adrienne Laskier, 106

Martínez Millán, José, 36

Marx, Karl, model of social and literary relations of, 4–6

*Marxism and Literature* (Williams), 5–6

Mason, Philip, 15

materialist, “epochal” analysis. *See* “epochal” analysis

materialist poetics

burlesque epic and, 165

of character and subjectivity, 7–8

of genre, 8–11

overview of, 4–6

of reception, 11–14

McKendrick, Malveena, 14

McKeon, Michael, 200, 201

Medellín, Diego de, 32

Mejías López, William, 32

memoirs of soldiers, 34

Menchaca, Vázquez de, 26, 29, 40, 108

Mendoza, Bernardino de, 34–35

Mendoza, García de, 28

*menosprecio de corte y alabanza de aldea* dis- course, 47–48, 51, 53, 55, 58, 61–62

“Menosprecio de corte y alabanza de aldea” (Guevara), 164

merchant class, rise of, 2, 16, 186

meta-artistry, manifestations of, 156, 177–78, 185

metahistorical reflections in historical drama, 85, 137

metal from New World, 21, 27–28, 29–30

Mexía, Pedro de, 79

military. *See also* siege warfare

in *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega), 96

in *La destrucción de Numancia* (Cervantes), 96, 99, 100–101

in *Don Quijote* (Cervantes), 102, 192–93, 194

in *Los españoles en Chile* (Gonzalez de Bustos), 139, 149–51

in *La gatomaquia* (Lope de Vega), 173

*menosprecio de corte* writings and, 170

in *Numancia cercada* (Rojas Zorrilla), 139, 149
military (continued)
in *Numancia destruida* (Rojas Zorrilla), 139
professional soldier in, 33–35
in 1600s, 130–31
in *Troilus and Cressida* (Shakespeare),
189–90

Millington, Mark, 3

mock-heroic poem, 198–99

mode, 163

Molière, 178

Molina, Luis, 28

Molina, Tirso de
*Amazonas en las Indias*, 44–45
*La celosa de sí misma*, 51–54, 70, 72, 73–74
*indiano* characters of, 43
*Marta la piadosa*, 62–63, 66–69, 71
*Por el sótano y el torno*, 64–66, 71
*La villana de Vallecas*, 54–57, 70–71, 72, 73

Molloy, Sylvia, 42

money
in *Don Quijote* (Cervantes), 197
in English burlesque epic, 188–89
in French burlesque epic, 183, 184–85
in *indiano* drama, 68
*indianos* and, 69–72

Montesinos, Antonio de, 3, 25–26, 30

Montesquieu, 199

Montrose, Louis, 6

Morales, Ambrosio de, 79

Morales, Carlos, 36

Morcillo, Sebastián Fox, 28

Murillo, Luis Andrés, 192

Murrin, Michael, 78, 163, 164, 199

natural liberty, doctrine of, 193–94

Naude, Gabriel, 178

*Naufragios* (Cabeza de Vaca), 42

Netherlands, 18, 19, 78

New Historicist critics, 6 n. 9

nobility
critique of, 161–62, 164–65, 168
definition of, 43
in *Don Quijote* (Cervantes), 192
economic activity of, 184
epic literature and, 200
as feminized, 16
in *La gatomaquia* (Lope de Vega), 175–76
transformation of function of, 2, 16,
185–86
wealth and, 74–75

*La noche de San Juan* (Lope de Vega), 46, 70

novel
counter-epic and, 198–202
*historia* compared to, 126–27
history play compared to, 89
picaresque, 4 n. 5

*El nuevo mundo* (Lope de Vega), 43–44

Numancia. See *La destrucción de Numancia* (Cervantes); *Numancia cercada* (Rojas Zorrilla); *Numancia destruida* (Rojas Zorrilla)

*Numancia cercada* (Rojas Zorrilla)
Cervantine drama and, 129–30, 152–53
conflict between personal and national
goals in, 139, 140–41
farce in, 151–53
historical inscription in, 134
hunger for power in, 106
military chivalry ideal in, 149
military issues in, 139

*Numancia destruida* (Rojas Zorrilla)
Cervantine drama and, 129–30, 152–53
conflict between personal and national
goals in, 139, 141–43
deception in, 144–45
farce in, 153
historical inscription in, 134–37
military issues in, 139

Olivares, Conde de, 2, 20–21, 84

Oña, Pedro de, 14, 27

*Orientalism* (Said), 41

*Orlando Furioso* (Ariosto), 130, 197

Other
demonization of, 122–25
humanization of, 115–21
returnees to Spain as, 41
*Outside Literature* (Bennett), 9
outsider
*indianos* status as and marriage, 54
values and, 52–53

Pagden, Anthony, 2, 23–24, 25–26, 29

Palacios Rubios, Juan López de, 25–26, 28

Papal Bulls of Donation, 27–28, 29

parody
burlesque epic and, 165–66
definition of, 162
as deflationary tool, 176
of epic literary conventions, 161–62
in Renaissance poetics, 162–63

Pastor, Beatriz, 116, 120

Paterson, Alan, 74

"Pavura de los condes de Carrión"
(Quevedo), 161–62, 168–70

Paz, Matías de, 25–26

Peña, Juan de la, 27

Persiles (Cervantes), 199

Philip II, 17–19, 24, 25, 33, 35–36

Philip III, 2, 19–20, 128

Philip IV, 2, 20–21, 43, 130

picaresque novel, 4 n. 5

Pieterse, Jan Nederveen, *Empire and Emancipation*, 95–96, 116

Pinciano, 163–64

Pinelo, Antonio León, 27–28

*Por el sótano y el torno* (Tirso de Molina), 64–66, 71

Porter, Laurence, 63

power relations, 16, 201–2

Powers, Harriet, 131

*El premio del bien hablar* (Lope de Vega), 48–51, 70, 72

Puddu, Raffaele, 2, 15, 33, 34–35

Puritanism, 186

"purity of blood," preoccupation with, 96

Quevedo, Francisco de
genre and, 166

"Imitación de Virgilio en lo que Dido dijo a Eneas queriendo dejarla," 161–62, 166–68

Infantes de Carrión, 154, 168–69

"Pavura de los condes de Carrión,"
161–62, 168–70
sonnets of, 163

Quint, David, 14, 89, 163, 201

Quiroga, Vasco de, 26–27

Rabell, Carmen, 48

Rackin, Phyllis, *Stages of History*, 79–81, 85, 116–17

Ranke, Leopold von, 35

reception theory, 11–14

Redondo, Augustín, 47–48, 54

Reed, Walter, 201

Reiss, Timothy, 185

*Renaissance Drama* (Loftis), 93

*Requerimiento*, 193

Requesens, Luis de, 18

residual discourse, 6, 28, 78

Ribera, Alonso de, 22

Riós, Gutiérrez de los, 33

Rojas Zorrilla, Francisco de, 131–32. See also
*Numancia cercada* (Rojas Zorrilla);

*Numancia destruida* (Rojas Zorrilla)

Romanos, Melchora, 93, 94, 119, 132–33

Rome

dominium, legal theory of, 25–28

epic iconography and, 167–68

influence of thought of, 29

in Spanish political *imaginaire*, 23–24

Tudor history play and, 79

Ruiz Ramón, Francisco, 88–89, 90, 91–92, 120–21

Saavedra Fajardo, Diego, 29–30, 108

Said, Edward, 25, 30, 40–41, 44

Scarron, Paul, *Virgile travesti*, 171, 176–77, 182–85

Schlau, Stacey, 14

Schmidt, Rachel, 165

School of Salamanca, 26, 27

Schwartz Lerner, Lia, 146

self-reflexivity

in burlesque epic, 177–78, 190

in history play, 81–82, 155

*El sembrar en buena tierra* (Lope de Vega), 58–62, 71

*senex amans* character, 45, 62–69

Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 26–27

Shakespeare, William

*Henriad*, 78, 200–201

history plays of, 80–81

*King John*, 80–81

*Troilus and Cressida*, 171, 186–91

Shannon, Robert, 90, 92

siege warfare, 78, 98, 105–6, 173

slavery, 194

Smith, Dawn, 14

Smith, Paul Julian, 3

Smith, Paul Lewis, 126

Snyder, John, 15 n. 9

"sociology of genres," 9, 161, 163

soldiers, memoirs of, 34

Soto, Domingo de, 26, 27, 28

Soufas, Teresa, 14

Spadaccini, Nicholas, 8–9

*Spain. See also* economy of Spain; *imperialism*
Spain (continued)

England and, 18–19, 21

justification for conquest by, 115–16,
122, 124–25

military ventures of, 2–3, 20, 130

*Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination* (Pagden), 25–26

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 44

*Stages of History* (Rackin), 79–81, 116–17

status

identity and, instability of, 7, 16, 41–46,
56–57, 72–76

liminal, of *indianos*, 42–43, 44–46, 62, 69,
75

outsider, of *indianos*, 54

wealth and, 72, 198

Stoll, Anita, 14, 43, 74

Stroud, Matthew, 89

style, late baroque, 132–33

Suárez, Francisco, 28, 63–64

subalterns, 44, 57

taxation, 20

Tennenhouse, Leonard, 9

theater

“dramatic illusion” and, 185

eternal nature of, 92

“willing suspension of disbelief” and,
156

Thirty Years' War, 20, 130

Thomist thinkers, 108

Tiepolo, Antonio, 36

Todorov, Tzvetan, 28, 122

*Les Tragiques* (d'Aubigné), 14

transformation, 42–43

*Troilus and Cressida* (Shakespeare), 171,
186–91

United Provinces, 18, 19, 20

urbanism

imperialism and, 48

negative stereotypes of, 51–52

positive view of, 54–55

Urrea, Jerónimo de, 34

Urtiaga, Alfonso, 39, 43

Valbuena Prat, Angel, 89

Valdés, Francisco de, 34

Vatican and Spanish crown, 27–28, 29

Veeser, Harold, 74

Vega y Carpio, Lope de. See also *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega); *La gatomaquia* (Lope de Vega)

genre and, 166

*El indiano*, 75

*La noche de San Juan*, 46, 70

*El nuevo mundo*, 43–44

Olivares and, 84

*El premio del bien hablar*, 48–51, 70, 72

*El sembrar en buena tierra*, 58–62, 71

*La verdad sospechosa* (Ruit de Alarcón), 74–75

Verdugo, Francisco, 34

*La villana de Vallecas* (Tirso de Molina),
54–57, 70–71, 72, 73

villano character, 45, 46, 50–51

*El villano del Danubio* (Guevara), 47

Villarino, Edith, 7, 40

*Virgile travesti* (Scarron), 171, 176–77,
182–85

Vitoria, Francisco de, 25, 26, 27, 28

Vives, Juan Luis, 6, 16

war. See also cost of war, portrayal of; military; siege warfare

“just war” theory, 28–29

soldiers, memoirs of, 34

Wardropper, Bruce, 91

Watt, Ian, 200

Watt, Stephen, 80

wealth and social status, 72, 198

Weiner, Jack, 94

Williams, Raymond, 5–6, 12, 13, 46–47,
77–78

Williamsen, Amy, 14

Wilson, Diana de Armas, 195, 199

women

as alien, 58

in *La Araucana* (Ercilla), 146

in *Arauco domado* (Lope de Vega),
113–14, 121, 124

disrespect for, 50

in *La gatomaquia* (Lope de Vega), 171–72

in *Troilus and Cressida* (Shakespeare),
187–88

of yesteryear, 60–61

Y así nació la frontera (Keun), 21–22

Zapata, Luis, *Carlos Famoso*, 166