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**La REDD+ doit être transformationnelle.** La REDD+ exige de grandes réformes des institutions et de la gouvernance concernant la tenure, la décentralisation et la lutte contre la corruption. Ces réformes permettront de se départir du scénario de maintien du statu quo et d'impliquer les communautés et les usagers de la forêt dans l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre des politiques qui les concernent directement.

**Les politiques doivent aller au-delà du secteur forestier.** Les stratégies de la REDD+ doivent inclure des politiques extérieures au secteur forestier dans sa définition la plus étroite, concernant les domaines agricole ou énergétique, par exemple. De plus, elles doivent améliorer la coordination intersectorielle, afin de s'attaquer aux moteurs non forestiers de la déforestation et de la dégradation.

**Les paiements basés sur la performance sont décisifs, mais limités.** Les paiements basés sur les résultats incitent et dédommagent directement les propriétaires forestiers et les usagers de la forêt. Toutefois, les systèmes du type paiements pour services environnementaux (PSE) dépendent de certaines conditions telles que la sécurité de la tenure foncière, la fiabilité des données sur le carbone et la transparence de la gouvernance. Or, ces conditions font souvent défaut et ne peuvent être modifiées qu'à l'issue d'un processus de longue haleine. Cette contrainte met également en valeur la nécessité de grandes réformes institutionnelles et politiques.

**Il faut tirer les enseignements du passé.** Nombre d'approches de la REDD+ actuellement étudiées sont similaires aux efforts passés de conservation et de gestion améliorée des forêts, dont la réussite n'a pourtant pas été probante. La prise en compte des leçons tirées de l'expérience augmentera les chances de succès de la REDD+.

**Il faut prendre en considération les contextes nationaux et les incertitudes.** Des contextes différents d'un pays à l'autre créeront une gamme de modèles de la REDD+ caractérisés par des cadres institutionnels et des dosages de mesures différents. Les incertitudes relatives à la forme future du système international de la REDD+, ainsi qu'à l'état de préparation et de consensus politique qui sera atteint dans les pays, exigent que la REDD+ soit mise en œuvre avec souplesse et par étapes.

Édité par Arild Angelsen

Avec Maria Brockhaus, Markku Kanninen, Erin Sills, William D. Sunderlin et Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff.

**Collaborateurs** : Arun Agrawal, Ane Alencar, Arild Angelsen, Stibniati Atmadja, Katrina Brandon, Maria Brockhaus, Gillian Cerbu, Paolo Omar Cerutti, Michael Coren, Peter Cronkleton, Therese Dokken, Fiona Downs, Joanna Durbin, Tim Forsyth, Martin Herold, Ole Hofstad, Pamela Jagger, Markku Kanninen, Bhaskar S. Karky, Gunnar Köhlin, Peter Larmour, Anne M. Larson, Marco Lentini, Erin Myers Madeira, Peter May, Minh Ha Hoang Thi, Ricardo Mello, Peter Minang, Moira Moeliono, Daniel Murdiyarso, Justine Namaalwa, Robert Nasi, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak, Bernardo Peredo-Videa, Leo Peskett, Pushkin Phartiyal, Pham Thu Thuy, Michelle Pinard, Francis E. Putz, Jesse C. Ribot, Tom Rudel, Mark Schulze, Erin Sills, Frances Seymour, Margaret M. Skutsch, Denis Sonwa, Barry Spergel, Charlotte Streck, William D. Sunderlin, Luca Tacconi, Patrick E. Van Laake, Arild Vatn, Louis Verchot, Michael Wells, Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff, Sven Wunder, Pius Z. Yanda, Eliakimu M. Zahabu, Johan C. Zweede

ISBN 978-602-8693-21-9

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9 786028 693219 >

NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

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Australian Government
AusAID

DFID

Department for
International
Development

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FORMIN. FINLAND
MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF FINLAND

the David &
Lucile Packard
FOUNDATION

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USAID
FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

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