<figure><img src="image_131.png" /></figure>

Hohberg landslide

Map of outlets
and Quaternary deposits

scale 1:10'000

Geology: University of Fribourg (UNIFR) (1997 and 2001)

Hydrology: UNIFR and GEOLEP (summer 2001)

<figure><img src="image_132.png" /></figure>

spring
permeability test point

<figure><img src="image_133.png" /></figure>

catchworks

<figure><img src="image_134.png" /></figure>

reservoir

<figure><img src="image_135.png" /></figure>

subartesian well

<figure><img src="image_136.png" /></figure>

Location of long profile (Fig. 4.3)

Hohberg landslide extension (latent and active)

studied area ("secteur Hohberg")

Loose material deposits

<figure><img src="image_137.png" /></figure>

Matériel de glissement

<figure><img src="image_138.png" /></figure>

Dépôts de pente

<figure><img src="image_139.png" /></figure>

Eboulis / éboulement

<figure><img src="image_140.png" /></figure>

Dépôts consolidés

<figure><img src="image_141.png" /></figure>

Remplissage
de vallée

<figure><img src="image_142.png" /></figure>

Tassement

Bedrock (outcropping and subcropping)

<figure><img src="image_143.png" /></figure>

Gurnigel Flysch (undifferenciated / "Thanétien")

<figure><img src="image_144.png" /></figure>

Mélange zone

<figure><img src="image_145.png" /></figure>

Préalpes Médianes Plastiques
<figure><img src="image_146.png" /><figcaption>Hohberg landslide
Map of streams, outlets, humid zones and conductivity measuring points</figcaption></figure>

scale 1:10'000

D. Oswald (UNIFR) and P. Tullen (GEOLEP), summer 2001

<figure><img src="image_147.png" /></figure>
Hohberg landslide: RMT - Apparent resistivity map (GEOLEP - EPFL data)

<figure><img src="image_148.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_149.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_150.png" /></figure>

Log resistivity
(ohm.m)

o spring

catchworks

profile (Ann. 6c)
Hohberg landslide: RMT - Phase map (GEOLEP - EPFL data)

<figure><img src="image_151.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_152.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_153.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_154.png" /></figure>
# Hohberg landslide: RMT - Resistivity, Lengmoos area (GEOLEP - EPFL data)

(for profiles location, see annex 6a)

<figure><img src="image_155.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_156.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_157.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_158.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_159.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_160.png" /></figure>
Hydrochemical comparison between main outlets of Hohberg slope

based on Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 and HCO3 concentration *

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT for low water values

<figure><img src="image_161.png" /></figure>

EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE for low water values

<figure><img src="image_162.png" /></figure>

where

dij: distance between sample i and sample j

xik: kth variable measured on sample i

xjk: kth variable measured on sample j

n: number of measured variables on each sample

<figure><img src="image_163.png" /></figure>

<footnote>(* ions concentration analyses were carried out by GEOLEP, EPFL)</footnote>
<figure><img src="image_164.png" /></figure>

# Hohberg landslide

## Location of geodetic points

Scale 1:10'000
Hohberg landslide: GPS measurements 1995 - 2001

23.05.95 - 20.05.98: Institute of Geology - UNIFR data

03.11.98 - 10.10.01: Geotest SA data

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Control points</th><th colspan="2">101</th><th colspan="2">102</th><th colspan="2">104</th><th colspan="2">254</th><th colspan="2">345</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td>590428.769</td><td>170283.160</td><td>590273.534</td><td>170206.653</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.230</td><td>170400.247</td><td>591145.203</td><td>170101.709</td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td>590428.782</td><td>170283.141</td><td>590273.537</td><td>170206.643</td><td>590946.099</td><td>169582.059</td><td>590564.231</td><td>170400.247</td><td>591145.205</td><td>170101.709</td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td>590428.795</td><td>170283.157</td><td>590273.548</td><td>170206.642</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.241</td><td>170400.250</td><td>591145.239</td><td>170101.685</td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.201</td><td>170400.276</td><td>591145.167</td><td>170101.747</td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td>590428.778</td><td>170283.152</td><td>590273.526</td><td>170206.659</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.220</td><td>170400.252</td><td>591145.202</td><td>170101.711</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590428.774</td><td>170283.173</td><td>590273.527</td><td>170206.644</td><td>590946.079</td><td>169582.072</td><td>590564.228</td><td>170400.255</td><td>591145.204</td><td>170101.705</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590428.738</td><td>170283.185</td><td>590273.494</td><td>170206.654</td><td>590946.038</td><td>169582.113</td><td>590564.190</td><td>170400.268</td><td>591145.153</td><td>170101.733</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.212</td><td>170400.251</td><td>591145.201</td><td>170101.722</td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590946.046</td><td>169582.109</td><td>590564.194</td><td>170400.270</td><td>591145.159</td><td>170101.743</td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>590428.762</td><td>170283.171</td><td>590273.521</td><td>170206.669</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.209</td><td>170400.258</td><td>591145.200</td><td>170101.728</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>590428.740</td><td>170283.171</td><td>590273.502</td><td>170206.663</td><td>590946.033</td><td>169582.097</td><td>590564.184</td><td>170400.263</td><td>591145.146</td><td>170101.735</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>590428.744</td><td>170283.173</td><td>590273.502</td><td>170206.665</td><td>590946.032</td><td>169582.112</td><td>590564.189</td><td>170400.260</td><td>591145.141</td><td>170101.729</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>590428.744</td><td>170283.175</td><td>590273.493</td><td>170206.657</td><td>590946.031</td><td>169582.107</td><td>590564.184</td><td>170400.258</td><td>591145.146</td><td>170101.723</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td>590273.499</td><td>170283.171</td><td>590273.526</td><td>170206.659</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.168</td><td>170400.270</td><td>591145.138</td><td>170101.733</td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td>590273.506</td><td>170283.171</td><td>590273.502</td><td>170206.660</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.190</td><td>170400.259</td><td>591145.151</td><td>170101.737</td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td>590273.504</td><td>170283.171</td><td>590273.502</td><td>170206.663</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td>590273.500</td><td>170283.171</td><td>590273.502</td><td>170206.670</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.170</td><td>170400.270</td><td>591145.130</td><td>170101.750</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td>590273.500</td><td>170283.171</td><td>590273.502</td><td>170206.663</td><td></td><td></td><td>590564.179</td><td>170400.271</td><td>591145.141</td><td>170101.744</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Landslide points</th><th colspan="2">1</th><th colspan="2">5</th><th colspan="2">6</th><th colspan="2">7</th><th colspan="2">9</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td></td><td></td><td>590471.157</td><td>169885.395</td><td>590501.310</td><td>169834.406</td><td></td><td></td><td>590451.961</td><td>169734.842</td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td></td><td></td><td>590471.152</td><td>169885.325</td><td>590501.289</td><td>169834.387</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td>590326.501</td><td>170013.806</td><td>590471.156</td><td>169885.344</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590326.365</td><td>170013.701</td><td>590471.233</td><td>169885.080</td><td>590500.884</td><td>169834.406</td><td></td><td></td><td>590448.708</td><td>169738.582</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590326.329</td><td>170013.713</td><td>590471.194</td><td>169885.097</td><td>590500.844</td><td>169834.425</td><td></td><td></td><td>590448.672</td><td>169738.603</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>590326.174</td><td>170013.592</td><td>590470.969</td><td>169884.914</td><td>590500.260</td><td>169834.484</td><td></td><td></td><td>590444.025</td><td>169743.471</td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td></td><td></td><td>590470.965</td><td>169884.907</td><td>590500.223</td><td>169834.470</td><td></td><td></td><td>590443.802</td><td>169743.689</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>590470.873</td><td>170013.487</td><td>590470.822</td><td>169884.894</td><td>590500.089</td><td>169834.481</td><td>590342.903</td><td>169923.401</td><td>590442.337</td><td>169745.067</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>590326.039</td><td>170013.487</td><td>590470.822</td><td>169884.822</td><td>590499.968</td><td>169834.483</td><td>590342.907</td><td>169923.399</td><td>590441.835</td><td>169745.528</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>590325.930</td><td>170013.379</td><td>590470.706</td><td>169884.733</td><td>590499.682</td><td>169834.509</td><td>590342.913</td><td>169923.391</td><td>590440.969</td><td>169746.309</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td>590325.911</td><td>170013.352</td><td>590470.674</td><td>169884.713</td><td>590499.586</td><td>169834.516</td><td>590342.911</td><td>169923.395</td><td>590436.441</td><td>169749.673</td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td>590325.674</td><td>170013.139</td><td>590470.186</td><td>169884.370</td><td></td><td></td><td>590342.902</td><td>169923.390</td><td>590436.343</td><td>169749.707</td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590436.098</td><td>169749.879</td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td>590325.220</td><td>170012.750</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590342.89</td><td>169923.38</td><td>590434.4</td><td>169750.87</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590342.907</td><td>169923.386</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Landslide points</th><th colspan="2">12</th><th colspan="2">13</th><th colspan="2">14</th><th colspan="2">15</th><th colspan="2">16</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td>590364.537</td><td>169877.403</td><td>590247.769</td><td>169917.083</td><td>590135.270</td><td>169893.515</td><td>590022.983</td><td>169868.455</td><td>590155.770</td><td>169793.681</td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td>590364.522</td><td>169877.390</td><td>590247.763</td><td>169917.078</td><td>590135.280</td><td>169893.517</td><td>590022.996</td><td>169868.464</td><td>590155.750</td><td>169793.669</td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td>590364.524</td><td>169877.363</td><td></td><td></td><td>590135.291</td><td>169893.510</td><td>590023.010</td><td>169868.469</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td>590364.248</td><td>169877.368</td><td>590247.673</td><td>169917.023</td><td>590135.157</td><td>169893.553</td><td>590022.918</td><td>169868.500</td><td>590155.173</td><td>169793.728</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590364.216</td><td>169877.334</td><td>590247.667</td><td>169916.996</td><td>590135.136</td><td>169893.553</td><td>590022.914</td><td>169868.471</td><td>590155.056</td><td>169793.759</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590364.179</td><td>169877.349</td><td>590247.632</td><td>169917.008</td><td>590135.103</td><td>169893.563</td><td>590022.860</td><td>169868.464</td><td>590155.024</td><td>169793.772</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>590363.688</td><td>169877.272</td><td>590247.508</td><td>169916.921</td><td>590134.917</td><td>169893.600</td><td>590022.771</td><td>169868.485</td><td>590153.441</td><td>169794.016</td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td>590363.644</td><td>169877.254</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590022.742</td><td>169868.483</td><td>590153.367</td><td>169793.986</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>590363.515</td><td>169877.251</td><td>590247.444</td><td>169916.870</td><td>590134.820</td><td>169893.603</td><td>590022.753</td><td>169868.487</td><td>590152.976</td><td>169794.057</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>590363.423</td><td>169877.226</td><td>590247.416</td><td>169916.841</td><td>590134.769</td><td>169893.631</td><td>590022.675</td><td>169868.496</td><td>590152.768</td><td>169794.042</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>590363.221</td><td>169877.187</td><td>590247.335</td><td>169916.777</td><td>590134.659</td><td>169893.652</td><td>590022.628</td><td>169868.507</td><td>590152.481</td><td>169794.074</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td>590363.168</td><td>169877.187</td><td>590247.320</td><td>169916.756</td><td></td><td></td><td>590022.588</td><td>169868.498</td><td>590152.403</td><td>169794.083</td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td>590362.156</td><td>169877.023</td><td>590247.104</td><td>169916.606</td><td></td><td></td><td>590022.267</td><td>169868.541</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td>590362.097</td><td>169877.021</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td>590361.972</td><td>169877.004</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590150.696</td><td>169794.235</td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td>590361.29</td><td>169876.9</td><td>590246.71</td><td>169916.34</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590150.07</td><td>169794.26</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td>590361.23</td><td>169876.88</td><td>590246.684</td><td>169916.298</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590150.006</td><td>169794.244</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Landslide points</th><th colspan="2">17</th><th colspan="2">24</th><th colspan="2">32</th><th colspan="2">33</th><th colspan="2">41</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td>590273.935</td><td>169826.235</td><td>590907.822</td><td>169909.335</td><td></td><td></td><td>590897.389</td><td>169436.322</td><td>590727.835</td><td>169482.820</td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td>590273.905</td><td>169826.222</td><td>590907.853</td><td>169909.348</td><td>590909.684</td><td>169459.122</td><td>590897.351</td><td>169436.297</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td>590273.879</td><td>169826.207</td><td></td><td></td><td>590909.665</td><td>169459.087</td><td></td><td></td><td>590727.373</td><td>169483.095</td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td></td><td></td><td>590907.701</td><td>169909.369</td><td>590909.689</td><td>169459.103</td><td></td><td></td><td>590727.411</td><td>169483.086</td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td>590273.106</td><td>169826.263</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590897.356</td><td>169436.368</td><td>590727.269</td><td>169483.245</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td></td><td></td><td>590907.680</td><td>169909.350</td><td>590909.685</td><td>169459.163</td><td>590897.317</td><td>169436.418</td><td>590727.319</td><td>169483.162</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td></td><td></td><td>590907.633</td><td>169909.376</td><td>590909.646</td><td>169459.206</td><td></td><td></td><td>590727.319</td><td>169483.162</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>590270.761</td><td>169826.284</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590897.344</td><td>169436.437</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>590270.738</td><td>169826.279</td><td>590907.456</td><td>169909.463</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590727.361</td><td>169483.236</td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td>590270.690</td><td>169826.257</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>590270.102</td><td>169826.266</td><td>590907.385</td><td>169909.399</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>590269.868</td><td>169826.280</td><td>590907.263</td><td>169909.408</td><td>590909.623</td><td>169459.213</td><td>590897.277</td><td>169436.474</td><td>590727.296</td><td>169483.236</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>590269.497</td><td>169826.274</td><td>590907.182</td><td>169909.418</td><td></td><td></td><td>590897.262</td><td>169436.475</td><td>590727.210</td><td>169483.488</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td>590269.370</td><td>169826.301</td><td></td><td></td><td>590909.618</td><td>169459.237</td><td>590897.268</td><td>169436.480</td><td>590727.261</td><td>169483.265</td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td>590267.418</td><td>169826.372</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td>590267.233</td><td>169826.338</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590897.231</td><td>169436.453</td><td>590726.269</td><td>169484.117</td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td>590266.36</td><td>169826.5</td><td>590906.32</td><td>169909.55</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>590725.99</td><td>169484.35</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td>590266.376</td><td>169826.477</td><td>590906.182</td><td>169909.574</td><td></td><td></td><td>590897.12</td><td>169436.47</td><td>590725.94</td><td>169484.418</td></tr></tbody></table>

Data processing: Bureau des Autoroutes (BAR)
<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Landslide points</th><th colspan="2">43</th><th colspan="2">50</th><th colspan="2">51</th><th colspan="2">53</th><th colspan="2">55</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td>590720.531</td><td>169518.960</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td>590720.334</td><td>169518.989</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td>590720.037</td><td>169519.044</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td>590720.060</td><td>169519.034</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590720.031</td><td>169519.025</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590720.031</td><td>169519.025</td><td>589108.146</td><td>169933.905</td><td>589155.418</td><td>169839.018</td><td>589222.597</td><td>169878.544</td><td>589324.893</td><td>169865.548</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td></td><td></td><td>589108.136</td><td>169933.906</td><td>589155.395</td><td>169839.011</td><td>589222.570</td><td>169878.521</td><td>589324.878</td><td>169865.525</td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>590719.960</td><td>169519.171</td><td>589108.138</td><td>169933.932</td><td>589155.394</td><td>169839.012</td><td>589222.579</td><td>169878.557</td><td>589324.867</td><td>169865.553</td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>589324.857</td><td>169865.539</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>590719.891</td><td>169519.166</td><td>589108.127</td><td>169933.947</td><td>589155.387</td><td>169839.018</td><td>589222.556</td><td>169878.548</td><td>589324.851</td><td>169865.534</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>590719.875</td><td>169519.155</td><td>589108.115</td><td>169933.940</td><td>589155.379</td><td>169839.002</td><td>589222.544</td><td>169878.554</td><td>589324.828</td><td>169865.545</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>590719.855</td><td>169519.154</td><td>589108.087</td><td>169933.958</td><td>589155.356</td><td>169839.002</td><td>589222.505</td><td>169878.556</td><td>589324.779</td><td>169865.530</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td>590719.846</td><td>169519.169</td><td>589108.090</td><td>169933.975</td><td>589155.358</td><td>169839.001</td><td>589222.504</td><td>169878.565</td><td>589324.770</td><td>169865.533</td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td></td><td></td><td>589108.038</td><td>169933.992</td><td>589155.305</td><td>169838.973</td><td>589222.426</td><td>169878.569</td><td>589324.648</td><td>169865.504</td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td>590718.745</td><td>169519.488</td><td>589108.040</td><td>169933.995</td><td>589155.278</td><td>169838.934</td><td>589222.386</td><td>169878.571</td><td>589324.591</td><td>169865.492</td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td></td><td></td><td>589107.930</td><td>169934.106</td><td>589155.179</td><td>169838.950</td><td>589222.202</td><td>169878.612</td><td>589324.363</td><td>169865.470</td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td>590718.46</td><td>169519.58</td><td></td><td></td><td>589155.04</td><td>169838.91</td><td>589221.96</td><td>169878.63</td><td>589324.07</td><td>169865.42</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td>590718.381</td><td>169519.58</td><td></td><td></td><td>589155.03</td><td>169838.913</td><td>589221.961</td><td>169878.658</td><td>589324.054</td><td>169865.421</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Landslide points</th><th colspan="2">56</th><th colspan="2">57</th><th colspan="2">58</th><th colspan="2">59</th><th colspan="2">60</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>589360.712</td><td>169901.844</td><td>589374.746</td><td>169971.449</td><td>589268.275</td><td>170111.548</td><td>589482.983</td><td>169909.338</td><td>589522.632</td><td>169875.581</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td>589360.677</td><td>169901.816</td><td>589374.745</td><td>169971.430</td><td>589268.259</td><td>170111.522</td><td>589482.944</td><td>169909.337</td><td>589522.581</td><td>169875.585</td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>589360.686</td><td>169901.846</td><td>589374.762</td><td>169971.458</td><td>589268.279</td><td>170111.564</td><td>589482.947</td><td>169909.358</td><td>589522.577</td><td>169875.602</td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td>589360.666</td><td>169901.833</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>589482.933</td><td>169909.342</td><td>589522.574</td><td>169875.600</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>589360.652</td><td>169901.837</td><td>589374.749</td><td>169971.463</td><td>589268.262</td><td>170111.540</td><td>589482.904</td><td>169909.349</td><td>589522.546</td><td>169875.610</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>589360.633</td><td>169901.839</td><td>589374.749</td><td>169971.458</td><td>589268.267</td><td>170111.547</td><td>589482.882</td><td>169909.355</td><td>589522.532</td><td>169875.613</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>589360.589</td><td>169901.827</td><td>589374.735</td><td>169971.449</td><td>589268.263</td><td>170111.545</td><td>589482.828</td><td>169909.350</td><td>589522.474</td><td>169875.608</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td>589360.584</td><td>169901.834</td><td>589374.743</td><td>169971.453</td><td></td><td></td><td>589482.812</td><td>169909.355</td><td>589522.458</td><td>169875.616</td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td>589360.461</td><td>169901.813</td><td>589374.717</td><td>169971.464</td><td>589268.252</td><td>170111.553</td><td>589482.638</td><td>169909.377</td><td>589522.284</td><td>169875.642</td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td>589360.391</td><td>169901.795</td><td></td><td></td><td>589268.249</td><td>170111.541</td><td>589482.560</td><td>169909.374</td><td>589522.212</td><td>169875.645</td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td>589360.186</td><td>169901.771</td><td>589374.694</td><td>169971.465</td><td>589268.258</td><td>170111.536</td><td>589482.313</td><td>169909.387</td><td>589522.004</td><td>169875.696</td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td>589359.9</td><td>169901.74</td><td>589374.63</td><td>169971.51</td><td>589268.21</td><td>170111.55</td><td>589481.96</td><td>169909.46</td><td>589521.69</td><td>169875.74</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td>589359.889</td><td>169901.745</td><td>589374.623</td><td>169971.498</td><td>589268.227</td><td>170111.537</td><td>589481.966</td><td>169909.422</td><td>589521.69</td><td>169875.737</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Landslide points</th><th colspan="2">61</th><th colspan="2">64</th><th colspan="2">65</th><th colspan="2">201</th><th colspan="2">203</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>589680.151</td><td>169747.277</td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>589937.467</td><td>169790.109</td><td>589377.717</td><td>169925.136</td><td>589312.059</td><td>169950.462</td><td>589018.952</td><td>169981.939</td><td>589680.144</td><td>169747.263</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td></td><td></td><td>589377.711</td><td>169925.122</td><td>589312.061</td><td>169950.451</td><td>589018.948</td><td>169981.917</td><td>589680.122</td><td>169747.269</td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>589937.726</td><td>169925.151</td><td>589312.065</td><td>169950.481</td><td></td><td></td><td>589018.947</td><td>169981.924</td><td>589680.122</td><td>169747.286</td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td>589937.378</td><td>169790.097</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>589680.130</td><td>169747.266</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>589937.349</td><td>169790.108</td><td>589377.704</td><td>169925.137</td><td>589312.053</td><td>169950.481</td><td>589018.943</td><td>169981.954</td><td>589680.124</td><td>169747.258</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>589937.334</td><td>169790.096</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>589018.945</td><td>169981.942</td><td>589680.120</td><td>169747.260</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>589937.271</td><td>169790.091</td><td>589377.695</td><td>169925.138</td><td>589312.039</td><td>169950.471</td><td>589018.941</td><td>169981.938</td><td>589680.119</td><td>169747.264</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td></td><td></td><td>589377.704</td><td>169925.144</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td>589937.028</td><td>169790.088</td><td>589377.677</td><td>169925.136</td><td>589312.028</td><td>169950.474</td><td>589018.940</td><td>169981.933</td><td>589680.114</td><td>169747.261</td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td></td><td></td><td>589377.683</td><td>169925.145</td><td>589312.019</td><td>169950.480</td><td>589018.940</td><td>169981.941</td><td>589680.120</td><td>169747.266</td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td></td><td></td><td>589377.643</td><td>169925.152</td><td>589311.996</td><td>169950.483</td><td>589018.938</td><td>169981.939</td><td>589680.116</td><td>169747.264</td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td></td><td></td><td>589377.57</td><td>169925.18</td><td>589311.94</td><td>169950.5</td><td>589018.95</td><td>169981.95</td><td>589680.13</td><td>169747.26</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td></td><td></td><td>589377.586</td><td>169925.169</td><td>589311.939</td><td>169950.504</td><td>589018.956</td><td>169981.957</td><td>589680.114</td><td>169747.27</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Landslide points</th><th colspan="2">259</th><th colspan="2">501</th><th colspan="2">M1</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td>590239.300</td><td>169880.817</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td>590239.294</td><td>169880.814</td><td></td><td></td><td>589879.650</td><td>169862.539</td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590239.012</td><td>169880.816</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>590238.978</td><td>169880.828</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td>590238.480</td><td>169880.801</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>590238.341</td><td>169880.808</td><td></td><td></td><td>589879.451</td><td>169862.536</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>590238.253</td><td>169880.802</td><td>590190.783</td><td>169888.562</td><td>589879.429</td><td>169862.536</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>590238.059</td><td>169880.792</td><td>590190.631</td><td>169888.557</td><td>589879.365</td><td>169862.521</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td></td><td></td><td>590190.598</td><td>169888.547</td><td>589879.367</td><td>169862.531</td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td></td><td></td><td>590189.965</td><td>169888.549</td><td>589879.114</td><td>169862.504</td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td></td><td></td><td>590189.783</td><td>169888.550</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td></td><td></td><td>590189.31</td><td>169888.56</td><td>589878.69</td><td>169862.48</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td></td><td></td><td>590189.285</td><td>169888.536</td><td>589878.664</td><td>169862.467</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">REFERENCE POINT</th><th colspan="2">103</th></tr><tr><th>X-coord</th><th>Y-coord</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>23 mai 95</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>23 juin 95</td><td>588838.456</td><td>169352.202</td></tr><tr><td>21 août 95</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.203</td></tr><tr><td>9 mai 96</td><td>588838.432</td><td>169352.202</td></tr><tr><td>19 juin 96</td><td>588838.448</td><td>169352.224</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>5-6 sept 96</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>26 mars 97</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>588838.444</td><td>169352.220</td></tr><tr><td>29 avr. 97</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>17 juin 97</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>588838.441</td><td>169352.230</td></tr><tr><td>19 août 97</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>6 nov. 97</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>20 mai 98</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>3 nov. 98</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>18 mai 99</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>15-16 juin 99</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>23 sept 99</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>23 mai 01</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr><tr><td>10 oct. 01</td><td>588838.452</td><td>169352.201</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_165.png" /></figure>

calibration "multi"

<figure><img src="image_166.png" /></figure>

calibration "solo"

Data processing: Bureau des Autoroutes (BAR)
General evolution of the Hohberg landslide velocities, between 1995 - 2001

GPS measurements

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">GPS pt</th><th colspan="2">1995 - 1996</th><th colspan="2">1996 - 1997</th><th colspan="2">1997 - 1998</th><th colspan="2">1998 - 1999</th><th colspan="2">1999 - 2001</th><th rowspan="2">Mean direction [°N]</th></tr><tr><th>Measurement dates</th><th>V [cm/year]</th><th>Measurement dates</th><th>V [cm/year]</th><th>Measurement dates</th><th>V [cm/year]</th><th>Measurement dates</th><th>V [cm/year]</th><th>Measurement dates</th><th>V [cm/year]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>21.8.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>16.4</td><td>5.9.96 - 6.11.97</td><td>31.4</td><td>6.11.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>18.7</td><td>3.11.98 - 18.5.99</td><td>59.4</td><td>18.5.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>29.6</td><td>229</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>6.4</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>39.8</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>22.1</td><td>3.11.98 - 18.5.99</td><td>111</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>234</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>33.6</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>79.4</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>41.7</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>274</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>23.5.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>380.3</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>946.2</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>192.8</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>623.8</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>116</td><td>311</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>25.8</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>70.4</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>29.2</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>136.3</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>41.4</td><td>261</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>10.5</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>24.5</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>13.9</td><td>3.11.98 - 18.5.99</td><td>48.8</td><td>18.5.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>23.6</td><td>232</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>12.3</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>29.9</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>281</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>6.8</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>11.5</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>13.6</td><td>3.11.98 - 18.5.99</td><td>60.3</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>277</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>58</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>216.7</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>47.4</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>193</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>37.5</td><td>276</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>23.6.95 - 9.5.96</td><td>80.6</td><td>19.6.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>254</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>60.6</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>240.8</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>52.7</td><td>272</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>14.3</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>26.1</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>273</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>5.9.96 - 6.11.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>6.11.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>3.11.98 - 15.6.99</td><td>3.7</td><td>15.6.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>246</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>3.11.98 - 15.6.99</td><td>7.5</td><td>15.6.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>4.5</td><td>240</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>51</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>7.5</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>3.3</td><td>3.11.98 - 15.6.99</td><td>213</td><td>15.6.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>18.8</td><td>310</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>41.2</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>18.4</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>3.6</td><td>3.11.98 - 15.6.99</td><td>186.7</td><td>15.6.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>15.4</td><td>287</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>4.4</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>3.8</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>23.3</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>310</td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>3.1</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>2.7</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>20.9</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>8.7</td><td>250</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>4.3</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>4.5</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>34.4</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>14.5</td><td>280</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>4.5</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>6.7</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>46.4</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>17.8</td><td>261</td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>6.3</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>5.6</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>45.4</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>17.3</td><td>262</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>5.7</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>4.3</td><td>281</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>20.5.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>3</td><td>291</td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>8.3</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>7.6</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>56.3</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>21.5</td><td>274</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>9.4</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>7.3</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>51.9</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>19</td><td>279</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>12.4</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>267</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>6.9</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>4.5</td><td>277</td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>20.5.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>3.3</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>3.5</td><td>280</td></tr><tr><td>201</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>284</td></tr><tr><td>203</td><td>21.8.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>&lt;2</td><td>300</td></tr><tr><td>259</td><td>23.6.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>23.9</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>66.8</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>268</td></tr><tr><td>501</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>6.11.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>18.7</td><td>3.11.98 - 23.9.99</td><td>91.8</td><td>23.9.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>28.4</td><td>270</td></tr><tr><td>M1</td><td>21.8.95 - 5.9.96</td><td>7.8</td><td>5.9.96 - 19.8.97</td><td>9.5</td><td>19.8.97 - 3.11.98</td><td>6.9</td><td>3.11.98 - 18.5.99</td><td>47.4</td><td>18.5.99 - 23.5.01</td><td>21.1</td><td>265</td></tr></tbody></table>

23.05.95 - 20.05.98: Institute of Geology - UNIFR data

03.11.98 - 10.10.01: Geotest SA data

Inclinometric measurements

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Drilling</th><th colspan="2">1995 - 1996</th></tr><tr><th>Measurement dates</th><th>V [cm/year]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>B3</td><td>2.5.95 - 22.8.96</td><td>3.8</td></tr><tr><td>B4</td><td>2.5.95 - 22.8.96</td><td>1.2</td></tr><tr><td>B8</td><td>24.11.95 - 22.8.96</td><td>4</td></tr></tbody></table>

Géolina SA data
Hohberg landslide, dendrogeomorphology:
characteristics of tree samples

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Sample number</th><th rowspan="2">Sampling date</th><th rowspan="2">Species</th><th rowspan="2">Sampling height [m]</th><th colspan="2">Slope</th><th rowspan="2">Tree age</th><th rowspan="2">First ring</th><th rowspan="2">Last ring</th></tr><tr><th>dip [°]</th><th>dir. [°/N]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="9">Zone 2</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-11</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>310</td><td>59</td><td>1938</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-12</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>310</td><td>69</td><td>1928</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-13</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>310</td><td>58</td><td>1939</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-14</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>310</td><td>58</td><td>1939</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-15</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>310</td><td>64</td><td>1933</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-21</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>340</td><td>30</td><td>1967</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-22</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>340</td><td>58</td><td>1939</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-23</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>340</td><td>56</td><td>1941</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-24</td><td>autumn 1997</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-2</td><td>10-15</td><td>340</td><td>68</td><td>1929</td><td>1997</td></tr><tr><td colspan="9">Zone 1</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-107</td><td>16.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10</td><td>280</td><td>91</td><td>1909</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-112</td><td>16.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>20</td><td>280</td><td>62</td><td>1938</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-117</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>3</td><td>40</td><td>40</td><td>77</td><td>1923</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-118</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>2</td><td>40</td><td>60</td><td>73</td><td>1926</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-119</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.5</td><td>20</td><td>250</td><td>98</td><td>1901</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-120</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>0.3</td><td>20</td><td>250</td><td>100</td><td>1900</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-121</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1</td><td>10</td><td>330</td><td>56</td><td>1944</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-123</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10-15</td><td>330</td><td>45</td><td>1955</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-127</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-4</td><td>10</td><td>300</td><td>27</td><td>1973</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-128</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-5</td><td>10</td><td>300</td><td>40</td><td>1960</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-132</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-6</td><td>10</td><td>300</td><td>34</td><td>1966</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-133</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-7</td><td>10-20</td><td>300</td><td>70</td><td>1930</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-136</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-8</td><td>10-20</td><td>300</td><td>59</td><td>1941</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-137</td><td>20.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-9</td><td>10-20</td><td>300</td><td>46</td><td>1954</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-140</td><td>21.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.5</td><td>20</td><td>260</td><td>63</td><td>1937</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-141</td><td>21.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>20</td><td>260</td><td>59</td><td>1941</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-142</td><td>21.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>3</td><td>20</td><td>260</td><td>82</td><td>1917</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-143</td><td>21.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>2-3</td><td>20</td><td>260</td><td>59</td><td>1940</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-147</td><td>21.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1</td><td>10</td><td>270</td><td>69</td><td>1931</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-148</td><td>21.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10</td><td>290</td><td>28</td><td>1972</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-150</td><td>21.02.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1</td><td>10-20</td><td>270</td><td>60</td><td>1940</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td colspan="9">Zone 3</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-201</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10</td><td>280</td><td>46</td><td>1953</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-202</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10</td><td>290</td><td>35</td><td>1964</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-203</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>> 5</td><td>10</td><td>290</td><td>89</td><td>1911</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-204</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>15</td><td>290</td><td>63</td><td>1936</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-205</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-4</td><td>15</td><td>290</td><td>50</td><td>1949</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-206</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-5</td><td>15</td><td>270</td><td>73</td><td>1926</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-207</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-6</td><td>15</td><td>270</td><td>57</td><td>1942</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-208</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-7</td><td>15</td><td>270</td><td>67</td><td>1932</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-209</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-8</td><td>15</td><td>250</td><td>50</td><td>1949</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-210</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-9</td><td>15</td><td>250</td><td>45</td><td>1955</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-211</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-10</td><td>15</td><td>250</td><td>39</td><td>1960</td><td>1999</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-212</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>2</td><td>10</td><td>270</td><td>86</td><td>1914</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-213</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10</td><td>260</td><td>88</td><td>1912</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-214</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>> 5</td><td>10</td><td>260</td><td>63</td><td>1937</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-215</td><td>30.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10</td><td>260</td><td>83</td><td>1917</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td colspan="9">Zone 4</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-301</td><td>31.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10</td><td>280</td><td>61</td><td>1939</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-302</td><td>31.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-4</td><td>10-15</td><td>290</td><td>70</td><td>1930</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-303</td><td>31.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-5</td><td>10-15</td><td>290</td><td>115</td><td>1885</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-304</td><td>31.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1</td><td>10-15</td><td>290</td><td>113</td><td>1878</td><td>1991</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-305</td><td>31.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1</td><td>10-15</td><td>290</td><td>60</td><td>1940</td><td>2000</td></tr><tr><td>Ho-306</td><td>31.07.2001</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1-3</td><td>10-15</td><td>290</td><td>99</td><td>1901</td><td>2000</td></tr></tbody></table>
Potential evapotranspiration (PET) - THORNTHWAITE (1948) formula

(This formula is used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration on a monthly basis. It is based mainly on temperature, although a latitude adjustment factor (f) based on day length is included)

$$PET = 1.6 * f ((10 * T) / I)^a$$

where:

PET: monthly potential evapotranspiration (cm).

T: mean monthly temperature (°C).

I: a heat index for a given area which is the sum of 12 monthly index values i. i is derived from mean monthly temperatures using the following formula:

$$i = (T / 5)^{1.514}$$

a: an empirically derived exponent which is a function of I.

$$a = 6.75 * 10^{-7} * I^3 - 7.71 * 10^{-5} * I^2 + 1.792 * 10^{-2} * I + 0.49239$$

f: adjustment factor related to hours of daylight:

<table><thead><tr><th>°Lat</th><th>Jan</th><th>Feb</th><th>Mar</th><th>Apr</th><th>Mai</th><th>Jun</th><th>Jul</th><th>Aug</th><th>Sep</th><th>Oct</th><th>Nov</th><th>Dec</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>50</td><td>0.74</td><td>0.78</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.15</td><td>1.33</td><td>1.36</td><td>1.37</td><td>1.25</td><td>1.06</td><td>0.92</td><td>0.76</td><td>0.70</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>0.75</td><td>0.79</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.14</td><td>1.32</td><td>1.34</td><td>1.35</td><td>1.24</td><td>1.05</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.76</td><td>0.71</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>0.76</td><td>0.80</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.14</td><td>1.31</td><td>1.33</td><td>1.34</td><td>1.23</td><td>1.05</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.77</td><td>0.72</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>0.77</td><td>0.80</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.14</td><td>1.30</td><td>1.32</td><td>1.33</td><td>1.22</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.78</td><td>0.73</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>0.79</td><td>0.81</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.13</td><td>1.29</td><td>1.31</td><td>1.32</td><td>1.22</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.94</td><td>0.79</td><td>0.74</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>0.80</td><td>0.81</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.13</td><td>1.28</td><td>1.29</td><td>1.31</td><td>1.21</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.94</td><td>0.79</td><td>0.75</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>0.81</td><td>0.82</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.13</td><td>1.27</td><td>1.29</td><td>1.30</td><td>1.20</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.95</td><td>0.80</td><td>0.76</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>0.81</td><td>0.82</td><td>1.02</td><td>1.12</td><td>1.26</td><td>1.28</td><td>1.29</td><td>1.20</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.95</td><td>0.81</td><td>0.77</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>0.82</td><td>0.83</td><td>1.03</td><td>1.12</td><td>1.26</td><td>1.27</td><td>1.28</td><td>1.19</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.95</td><td>0.82</td><td>0.79</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>0.83</td><td>0.83</td><td>1.03</td><td>1.11</td><td>1.25</td><td>1.26</td><td>1.27</td><td>1.19</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.96</td><td>0.82</td><td>0.80</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>0.84</td><td>0.83</td><td>1.03</td><td>1.11</td><td>1.24</td><td>1.25</td><td>1.27</td><td>1.18</td><td>1.04</td><td>0.96</td><td>0.83</td><td>0.81</td></tr></tbody></table>

(In grey: values used for this study)

LORENTE (1961)
<figure><img src="image_167.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_168.png" /></figure>

Direction des travaux publics
Commission des dangers
naturels (CCDN)

<figure><img src="image_169.png" /></figure>

Etablissement cantonal
d'assurance des
bâtiments (ECAB)
<figure><img src="image_170.png" /><figcaption>A - Aerial view of the lower part of the Villarbeney landslide (photo taken by S. Roulin, autumn 2001)</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_171.png" /><figcaption>B - Villarbeney landslide: south limit of "couloir nord" represented by a levee (coord:575.700/164.690, white point on photo A).</figcaption></figure>
Villarbeney landslide:

**1978 - 1980 field investigations and research**

- Relevé topographique de précision à partir de prises de vues arériennes (Institut de Photogrammétrie, EPFL)

- Etablissement d'un réseau géodésique de base (env. 20 points) et mesures périodiques (Institut de Géodésie et Mensuration, EPFL)

- Etude prévisionnelle de stabilité des terrain par prospection de surface (Institut de Géologie, UNIFR)

- Prospection géophysique par sismique réfraction et sondage électrique (Laboratoire de Géologie, EPFL)

- Sondages mécaniques carottés: 3 forages profonds (F0, F1, F2) par Fortini SA et 4 sondages peu profonds (F3, F4, F5, et F6) par le Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols de l'EPFL

- Relevés géologiques des forages carottés et étude géotechnique sur échantillons (Institut de Géologie, UNIFR; Laboratoire de Géologie et Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols, EPFL)

- Mesures inclinométriques dans quatre forages (F0, F1, F2 et F3) par le Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols de l'EPFL

- Etude de pressions interstitielles sur trois forages (F4, F5 et F6) par le Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols de l'EPFL

- Hydrogéologie du glissement de Villarbeney (Centre d'Hydrogéologie de l'Université de Neuchâtel)

- Datations radiométriques au C₁₄ (Institut de Physique de l'Université de Berne)

- Enquête historique sommaire (Institut de Géologie, UNIFR)
<figure><img src="image_172.png" /></figure>

# Villarbeney landslide

## Geological map with main hydrological characteristics

State 2000

scale 1:10'000

Geology: modified after PASQUIER (in press)

Hydrology: D. Oswald, UNIFR (summer 1999)
<figure><img src="image_173.png" /></figure>

Villarbeney landslide
Geological map with main hydrological characteristics

State 1980

scale 1:10'000

Geology: modified after PASQUIER (in press)

Hydrology: ACKERMANN (1980)

<figure><img src="image_174.png" /></figure>

Department of Geosciences
Geology and Paleontology
University of Fribourg (CH)
Chemical and physical analyses of main outlets of the Villarbeney slope:
1980 and 2000 measurements comparaison

<figure><img src="image_175.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_176.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_177.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_178.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_179.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_180.png" /></figure>
Villarbeney landslide: 1977 - 1980 geodetic measurements

(EPFL, 1981)

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="3">Pts</th><th colspan="4">7.77 - 7.78</th><th colspan="4">7.78 - 8.79</th><th colspan="4">8.79 - 8.80</th></tr><tr><th>displ.</th><th>azimuth</th><th>?Z</th><th>Vel.</th><th>displ.</th><th>azimuth</th><th>?Z</th><th>Vel.</th><th>displ.</th><th>azimuth</th><th>?Z</th><th>Vel.</th></tr><tr><th>(m)</th><th>°/ Nord</th><th>(m)</th><th>cm/year</th><th>(m)</th><th>°/ N</th><th>(m)</th><th>cm/year</th><th>(m)</th><th>°/ N</th><th>(m)</th><th>cm/year</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="14">Points triangulés</td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>0.37</td><td>256</td><td>-0.11</td><td>37</td><td>0.16</td><td>255</td><td>-0.11</td><td>14.8</td><td>0.32</td><td>254</td><td>-0.12</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>501</td><td>0.05</td><td>292</td><td>0.02</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>503</td><td>0.01</td><td>180</td><td>0.01</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>504</td><td>0.06</td><td>239</td><td>-0.01</td><td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>505</td><td>0.11</td><td>270</td><td>-0.02</td><td>11</td><td>0.1</td><td>288</td><td>-0.02</td><td>9.2</td><td>0.15</td><td>281</td><td>-0.03</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>1205</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.27</td><td>272</td><td>-0.09</td><td>24.9</td><td>0.36</td><td>274</td><td>-0.06</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>1206</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.25</td><td>296</td><td>-0.04</td><td>23.1</td><td>0.25</td><td>296</td><td>-0.03</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>1212</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.09</td><td>257</td><td>-0.03</td><td>8.3</td><td>0.11</td><td>243</td><td>-0.02</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>1214</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.09</td><td>282</td><td>-0.04</td><td>8.3</td><td>0.16</td><td>284</td><td>-0.03</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>1216</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.19</td><td>306</td><td>-0.07</td><td>17.5</td><td>0.44</td><td>305</td><td>-0.2</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Points polygons</td></tr><tr><td>203</td><td>0.08</td><td>263</td><td>-0.09</td><td>8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>205</td><td>0.2</td><td>240</td><td>-0.1</td><td>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>211</td><td>2.1</td><td>266</td><td>-0.54</td><td>210</td><td>0.37</td><td>264</td><td>-0.12</td><td>34.2</td><td>0.52</td><td>270</td><td>-0.14</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Points sur profils</td></tr><tr><td>P1.2</td><td>3</td><td>238</td><td>-0.69</td><td>300</td><td>0.77</td><td>240</td><td>-0.32</td><td>71.1</td><td>0.97</td><td>241</td><td>-0.18</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>P2.3</td><td>3.29</td><td>270</td><td>-1.09</td><td>329</td><td>1.1</td><td>271</td><td>-0.43</td><td>101.5</td><td>0.79</td><td>271</td><td>-0.19</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>P3.1</td><td>0.85</td><td>274</td><td>-0.22</td><td>85</td><td>0.1</td><td>287</td><td>-0.03</td><td>9.2</td><td>0.13</td><td>274</td><td>-0.02</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Quadrilatère sud</td></tr><tr><td>QS12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.47</td><td>267</td><td></td><td>43.4</td><td>0.74</td><td>267</td><td>-0.08</td><td>74</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="3">Pts</th><th colspan="4">7.78 - 11.78</th><th colspan="4">11.78 - 8.79</th></tr><tr><th>displ.</th><th>azimuth</th><th>?Z</th><th>Vel.</th><th>displ.</th><th>azimuth</th><th>?Z</th><th>Vel.</th></tr><tr><th>(m)</th><th>°/ Nord</th><th>(m)</th><th>cm/year</th><th>(m)</th><th>°/ Nord</th><th>(m)</th><th>cm/year</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="9">Points sur profils</td></tr><tr><td>P1.2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>P2.3</td><td>0.86</td><td>271</td><td>-0.37</td><td>258</td><td>0.24</td><td>273</td><td>-0.06</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>P3.1</td><td>0.08</td><td>277</td><td>-0.02</td><td>24</td><td>0.03</td><td>315</td><td>-0.01</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="9">Quadrilatère sud</td></tr><tr><td>QS12</td><td>0.15</td><td>267</td><td></td><td>90</td><td>0.32</td><td>267</td><td>-0.03</td><td>34.9</td></tr></tbody></table>
# Villarbeney landslide: laser Disto™ measurements

(for points location, see Fig. 5.7)

## A/ Measurements precision: margin of error calculation (2σ)

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">19.06.2000</th><th colspan="3">Pt 1a</th><th colspan="3">Pt 1b</th><th colspan="3">Pt 2a</th><th colspan="3">Pt 4</th><th colspan="3">Pt 5</th></tr><tr><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m3</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m3</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m3</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.045</td><td>15.846</td><td>15.846</td><td>15.855</td><td>18.422</td><td>18.421</td><td>18.419</td><td>7.938</td><td>7.937</td><td>17.911</td><td>17.912</td><td>17.911</td><td>17.912</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>17.043</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.047</td><td>15.847</td><td>15.848</td><td>15.853</td><td>18.421</td><td>18.421</td><td>18.423</td><td>7.938</td><td>7.939</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.913</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>17.041</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.041</td><td>15.846</td><td>15.847</td><td>15.857</td><td>18.423</td><td>18.424</td><td>18.420</td><td>7.939</td><td>7.935</td><td>17.914</td><td>17.911</td><td>17.914</td><td>17.911</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.039</td><td>17.050</td><td>15.847</td><td>15.849</td><td>15.855</td><td>18.422</td><td>18.420</td><td>18.421</td><td>7.937</td><td>7.939</td><td>17.912</td><td>17.914</td><td>17.912</td><td>17.914</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.047</td><td>17.047</td><td>15.848</td><td>15.852</td><td>15.855</td><td>18.420</td><td>18.421</td><td>18.419</td><td>7.938</td><td>7.939</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.914</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.914</td></tr><tr><td>Mean1</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.042</td><td>17.046</td><td>15.847</td><td>15.848</td><td>15.855</td><td>18.422</td><td>18.421</td><td>18.420</td><td>7.938</td><td>7.938</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.913</td><td>17.913</td></tr><tr><td>Mean2</td><td></td><td>17.043</td><td></td><td></td><td>15.850</td><td></td><td></td><td>18.421</td><td></td><td>7.938</td><td></td><td>17.913</td><td></td><td></td><td>17.913</td></tr><tr><td>2σ</td><td></td><td></td><td>6.04 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>7.95 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.91 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.57 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.32 mm</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">18.10.2000</th><th colspan="3">Pt 1a</th><th colspan="3">Pt 1b</th><th colspan="3">Pt 2a</th><th colspan="3">Pt 4</th><th colspan="3">Pt 5</th></tr><tr><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m3</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m3</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m3</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th><th>m1</th><th>m2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>17.050</td><td>17.050</td><td>17.037</td><td>15.848</td><td>15.847</td><td>15.847</td><td>18.426</td><td>18.426</td><td>18.417</td><td>7.990</td><td>7.986</td><td>17.974</td><td>17.972</td><td>17.974</td><td>17.972</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>17.051</td><td>17.049</td><td>17.041</td><td>15.849</td><td>15.847</td><td>15.844</td><td>18.426</td><td>18.425</td><td>18.414</td><td>7.991</td><td>7.988</td><td>17.974</td><td>17.971</td><td>17.974</td><td>17.971</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>17.048</td><td>17.052</td><td>17.038</td><td>15.848</td><td>15.845</td><td>15.850</td><td>18.426</td><td>18.429</td><td>18.418</td><td>7.990</td><td>7.985</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.973</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.973</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>17.054</td><td>17.051</td><td>17.037</td><td>15.849</td><td>15.845</td><td>15.848</td><td>18.426</td><td>18.428</td><td>18.419</td><td>7.990</td><td>7.986</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.973</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.973</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>17.052</td><td>17.050</td><td>17.038</td><td>15.848</td><td>15.846</td><td>15.847</td><td>18.426</td><td>18.428</td><td>18.414</td><td>7.990</td><td>7.988</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.973</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.973</td></tr><tr><td>Mean1</td><td>17.051</td><td>17.050</td><td>17.038</td><td>15.848</td><td>15.846</td><td>15.847</td><td>18.426</td><td>18.427</td><td>18.416</td><td>7.990</td><td>7.987</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.972</td><td>17.975</td><td>17.972</td></tr><tr><td>Mean2</td><td></td><td>17.047</td><td></td><td></td><td>15.847</td><td></td><td></td><td>18.423</td><td></td><td>7.988</td><td></td><td>17.974</td><td></td><td></td><td>17.974</td></tr><tr><td>2σ</td><td></td><td></td><td>12.62 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>3.31 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>10.45 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>4.24 mm</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.71 mm</td></tr></tbody></table>

2σ MEAN: 5.51 mm

## B/ Displacement measurements between 19.06.2000 and 18.10.2000

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Pt n°</th><th rowspan="2">Date</th><th rowspan="2">Measurement [m]</th><th rowspan="2">Measured displ. [cm]</th><th rowspan="2">Aim azimuth [°/N]</th><th rowspan="2">Displ. azimuth (estimated) [°/N]</th><th rowspan="2">Real displ. [cm]</th><th rowspan="2">Cum. displ. [cm]</th><th colspan="2">Velocities</th></tr><tr><th>[cm/month]</th><th>[cm/year]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">1a</td><td>19.06.00</td><td>17.04</td><td></td><td>335</td><td>285</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18.10.00</td><td>17.05</td><td>0.4</td><td>335</td><td>285</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.2</td><td>1.9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">1b</td><td>19.06.00</td><td>15.85</td><td></td><td>340</td><td>285</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18.10.00</td><td>15.85</td><td>-0.3</td><td>340</td><td>285</td><td>-0.5</td><td>-0.5</td><td>-0.1</td><td>-1.6</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td colspan="8">(mean 1a and 1b)</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">2</td><td>19.06.00</td><td>18.42</td><td></td><td>340</td><td>285</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18.10.00</td><td>18.42</td><td>0.2</td><td>340</td><td>285</td><td>0.3</td><td>0.3</td><td>0.1</td><td>1.1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">4</td><td>19.06.00</td><td>7.94</td><td></td><td>275</td><td>320</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18.10.00</td><td>7.99</td><td>5.0</td><td>275</td><td>320</td><td>7.1</td><td>7.1</td><td>1.8</td><td>21.3</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">5</td><td>19.06.00</td><td>17.91</td><td></td><td>295</td><td>320</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18.10.00</td><td>17.97</td><td>6.1</td><td>295</td><td>320</td><td>6.7</td><td>6.7</td><td>1.7</td><td>20.3</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_181.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_182.png" /></figure>

Department of Geosciences
Geology and Paleontology
University of Fribourg (CH)
Villarbeney landslide, dendrogeomorphology:
characteristics of tree samples

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Sample number</th><th rowspan="2">Sampling date</th><th rowspan="2">Species</th><th rowspan="2">Sampling height [m]</th><th colspan="2">Slope</th><th rowspan="2">Tree age</th><th rowspan="2">First ring</th><th rowspan="2">Last ring</th></tr><tr><th>dip [°]</th><th>dir. [°/N]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="9">Zone 1</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-1</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.5</td><td>15</td><td>350</td><td>57</td><td>1944</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-2</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.5</td><td>2</td><td>220</td><td>33</td><td>1968</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-3</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>40</td><td>50</td><td>1951</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-4</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.2</td><td>5</td><td>130</td><td>86</td><td>1915</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-5</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.2</td><td>2</td><td>310</td><td>84</td><td>1917</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-6</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.2</td><td>2</td><td>330</td><td>85</td><td>1916</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td colspan="9">Zone 2</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-7</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.3</td><td>5</td><td>200</td><td>75</td><td>1926</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-8</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>220</td><td>70</td><td>1931</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-9</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>1.2</td><td>5</td><td>350</td><td>56</td><td>1945</td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><td>Vb-10</td><td>03.01.2002</td><td>Picea abies</td><td>0.7</td><td>5</td><td>350</td><td>66</td><td>1935</td><td>2001</td></tr></tbody></table>
Views of a part of the Falli Hölli landslide (village):
before, during and after the major crisis of 1994

*(photos taken by H. Raetzo, 1994)*

<figure><img src="image_183.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_184.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_185.png" /></figure>
Falli Hölli landslide
Map of phenomena

Scale 1: 10'000

(H. Raetzo, 10 October 1994)

<figure><img src="image_186.png" /></figure>

after RAETZO-BRUELHART, 1997
Hohberg, Villarbeney and Falli Hölli landslides

Medium-term comparisons between main climatic parameters and activity deduced from dendrogeomorphological analyses

PRECIPITATION

<figure><img src="image_187.png" /></figure>

TEMPERATURE

<figure><img src="image_188.png" /></figure>

RAINFALL & SNOWFALL

<figure><img src="image_189.png" /></figure>

LEGEND

P: Precipitation

PE: Effective precipitation

RF: Rainfall

SF: Snowfall

T: Temperature

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA (from ISM stations; see Fig. 4.23, 5.10)

analysis with annual data corresponding to one hydrological year
(Oct 1 to Sep 30).

<figure><img src="image_190.png" /></figure>

DENDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL DATA:

<figure><img src="image_191.png" /></figure>

Index of anomaly (Ia) - Type A

<figure><img src="image_192.png" /></figure>

Smooth curve (polynomial)

<figure><img src="image_193.png" /></figure>

Shifting of 1 year due to a delay of reaction
in the wood production.
CURRICULUM VITAE

Originaire de Fribourg et de Reichenbach i.K. (Berne), je suis né à Fribourg le 11 novembre 1972 de Edouard Oswald et Marguerite, née Chuard. Après avoir suivi la scolarité obligatoire, j'entre au collège Ste-Croix de Fribourg, où j'obtiens, en 1992, la maturité de type C (Scientifique).

En octobre 1993, je m'inscris à la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Fribourg où j'obtiens le diplôme de Géologie et Minéralogie en juin 1998, avec un travail de mémoire intitulé "Géologie de la région de St-Ursanne (Jura) avec analyses séquentielles dans l'Oxfordien moyen".

Au cours de cette même année, j'entreprends ce travail de thèse en géologie appliquée, à l'Institut de Géologie et Paléontologie de Fribourg, sous la direction du Prof. Christian Caron. Engagé comme assistant-doctorant, je participe à l'encadrement des étudiants lors de travaux pratiques, d'excursions géologiques et de camps de cartographie.

Fribourg, le 19 mai 2003
**GeoFocus** volume 1 :

**HILLGÄRTNER**, Heiko (1999) The evolution of the French Jura platform during the Late Berriasian to Early Valanginian: controlling factors and timing (203 pp.).

**GeoFocus** volume 2 :

**DUPRAZ**, Christophe (1999) Paléontologie, paléoécologie et évolution des faciès récifaux de l'Oxfordien Moyen-Supérieur (Jura suisse et français) (247 pp.).

**GeoFocus** volume 3 :

**BASSANT**, Philip (1999) The high-resolution stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Burdigalian carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey (278 pp.).

**GeoFocus** volume 4 :

**COLOMBIÉ**, Claude (2002) Sédimentologie, stratigraphie séquentielle et cyclostratigraphie du Kimméridgien du Jura suisse et du Bassin vocontien (France): relations plate-forme – bassin et facteurs déterminants (198 pp.).

**GeoFocus** volume 5 :

**PICOT**, Laurent (2002) Le Paléogène des synclinaux du Jura et de la bordure sud-rhénane: paléontologie (Ostracodes), paléoécologie, biostratigraphie et paléogéographie (240 pp.).

**GeoFocus** volume 6 :

**DAPPLES**, Florence (2002) Instabilités de terrain dans les Préalpes fribourgeoises (Suisse) au cours du Tardiglaciaire et de l'Holocène : influence des changements climatiques, des fluctuations de la végétation et de l'activité humaine (158 pp.).

**GeoFocus** volume 7 :

**HUG**, Wolfgang Alexander (2003) Sequenzielle Faziesentwicklung der Karbonatplattform des Schweizer Jura im Späten Oxford und frühesten Kimmeridge (156 pp.).

**GeoFocus** is the publication series of the Department of Geosciences, Geology and Palaeontology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and can be ordered at:

Department of Geosciences - Geology and Palaeontology
University of Fribourg
1700 Fribourg, Switzerland