11. Place, J.; Sausse, J.; Marthelot, J.-M.; Diraison, M.; Géraud, Y.; Naville, C. 3-D mapping of permeable structures affecting a deep granite basement using isotropic 3C VSP data. *Geophys. J. Int.* **2011**, *186*, 245–263. [CrossRef]

12. Lubrano, P. Traitement des Données de Sismique de Puits Acquises en 2007 sur le Site de Soultz-sous-Forêts Pour la Caractérisation de la Fracturation du Réservoir Géothermique. Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, 2013.

13. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. Anisotropic anelastic full waveform inversion: Application to North Sea offset VSP data. In Proceedings of the SEG 80th Conference & Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, Denver, CO, USA, 17–22 October 2010.

14. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. The choice of the physical law and constraints in seismic FWI. In Proceedings of the 2nd SEG Workshop on Full Waveform Inversion: Filling the Gaps, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 30 March–1 April 2015.

15. Roberts, M.; Singh, S.; Hornby, B.E. Investigation into the use of 2D elastic wave inversion from look-ahead walk-away VSP surveys. *Geophys. Prospect.* **2008**, *56*, 883–895. [CrossRef]

16. Ben-Hadj-Ali, H.; Operto, S.; Virieux, J. Velocity model building by 3D frequency-domain, full-waveform inversion of wide-aperture seismic data. *Geophysics* **2008**, *73*, VE101–VE117. [CrossRef]

17. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tarantola, A. The state of affairs in inversion of seismic data: An OVSP example. In Proceedings of the 66th SEG Conference & Exhibition, Houston, TX, USA, November 1996. [CrossRef]

18. Hirabayashi, N.; Leaney, W. Velocity profile prediction using walkaway VSP data. In Proceedings of the SEG 76th Conference & Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 1–6 October 2006. [CrossRef]

19. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. Viscoelastic full waveform inversion of North Sea offset VSP data. In Proceedings of the SEG 79th Conference & Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, Houston, TX, USA, October 2009.

20. Podgornova, O.; Charara, M. Multiscale time-domain full-waveform inversion for anisotropic elastic media. In Proceedings of the DEG 81st Conference & Exhibition, Proceedings, Houston, TX, USA, August 2011. [CrossRef]

21. Owusu, J.; Podgornova, O.; Charara, M.; Leaney, S.; Campbell, A.; Ali, A.; Borodin, I.; Nutt, L.; Menkiti, H. Anisotropic elastic full-waveform inversion of walkaway VSP data from the arabian Gulf. *Geophys. Prospect.* **2016**, *64*, 38–53. [CrossRef]

22. Abdelfettah, Y.; Barnes, C.; Dalmais, E.; Maurer, V.; Genter, A. Full Wave Inversion of OVSP Seismic Data for Faults Delineation and Characterization in Granite Context. In Proceedings of the 1st Geoscience & Engineering in Energy Transition Conference, Strasbourg, France, 16–18 November 2020.

23. Barnes, C.; Abdelfettah, Y.; Cuenot, N.; Dalmais, E.; Genter, A. Reservoir seismic imaging using an elastic Full-wave Inversion approach applied to multi-OVSP Data in the context of Soultz-sous-Forêts. In Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2020, Reykjavik, Iceland, 24–27 October 2020.

24. Pribnow, D.; Schellschmidt, R. Thermal tracking of upper crustal fluid flow in the Rhine graben. *Geophys. Res. Lett.* **2000**, *27*, 1957–1960. [CrossRef]

25. Sittler, C. Le pétrole dans le département du Haut-Rhin. Bilan d'un siècle et demi de recherches et d'exploitation. *Sci. Géol. Bulltins Mémoires* **1972**, *25*, 151–161. [CrossRef]

26. Genter, A.; Evans, K.; Cuenot, N.; Fritsch, D.; Sanjuan, B. Contribution of the exploration of deep crystalline fractured reservoir of Soultz to the knowledge of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). *Geoscience* **2010**, *342*, 502–516. [CrossRef]

27. Baujard, C.; Genter, A.; Dalmais, E.; Maurer, V.; Hehn, R.; Rosillette, R.; Schmittbuhl, J. Hydrothermal characterization of wells GRT-1 and GRT-2 in Rittershoffen, France: Implications on the understanding of natural flow systems in the Rhine Graben. *Geothermics* **2017**, *65*, 255–268. [CrossRef]

28. Aichholzer, C.; Duringer, P.; Orciani, S.; Genter, A. New stratigraphic interpretation of the Soultz-sous-Forêts 30-year-old geothermal wells calibrated on the recent one from Rittershoffen (Upper Rhine Graben, France). *Geotherm. Energy* **2016**, *4*, 1–26. [CrossRef]

29. Dezayes, C.; Genter, A.; Valley, B. Structure of the low permeable naturally fractured geothermal reservoir at Soultz. *Geosciences* **2010**, *342*, 517–530. [CrossRef]

30. Sausse, J.; Dezayes, C.; Dorbath, L.; Genter, A.; Place, J. 3D model of fracture zones at Soultz-sous-Forêts based on geological data, image logs, induced microseismicity and vertical seismic profiles. *Comptes Rendus Geosci.* **2010**, *342*, 531–545. [CrossRef]

31. Valley, B.; Evans, K. Stress state at Soultz-sous-Forêts to 5 km depth from well-bore failure and hydraulic observations. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA, 22–24 January 2007.

32. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. Constrained full-waveform inversion of multi-component seismic data. In Proceedings of the 72nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC, Barcelona, Spain, 14–17 June 2010.

33. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tarantola, A. *Inverse Methods: Constrained Waveform Inversion of Seismic Well Data*; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1996.

34. Charara, M.; Barnes, C. Constrained full waveform inversion for borehole multicomponent seismic data. *Geosciences* **2019**, *9*, 45. [CrossRef]

35. Tarantola, A. *Inverse Problem Theory: Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation*; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1987.

36. Polack, E.; Ribière, G. Note sur la convergence de méthodes de directions conjuguées. *Rev. Française D'informatique Et De Rech. Opérationnelle* **1969**, *16*, 35–43. [CrossRef]

37. Crase, E. Robust Elastic Nonlinear Inversion of Seismic Waveform Data. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 1989.
11. Place, J.; Sausse, J.; Marthelot, J.-M.; Diraison, M.; Géraud, Y.; Naville, C. 3-D mapping of permeable structures affecting a deep granite basement using isotropic 3C VSP data. *Geophys. J. Int.* **2011**, *186*, 245–263. [CrossRef]

12. Lubrano, P. Traitement des Données de Sismique de Puits Acquises en 2007 sur le Site de Soultz-sous-Forêts Pour la Caractérisation de la Fracturation du Réservoir Géothermique. Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, 2013.

13. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. Anisotropic anelastic full waveform inversion: Application to North Sea offset VSP data. In Proceedings of the SEG 80th Conference & Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, Denver, CO, USA, 17–22 October 2010.

14. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. The choice of the physical law and constraints in seismic FWI. In Proceedings of the 2nd SEG Workshop on Full Waveform Inversion: Filling the Gaps, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 30 March–1 April 2015.

15. Roberts, M.; Singh, S.; Hornby, B.E. Investigation into the use of 2D elastic wave inversion from look-ahead walk-away VSP surveys. *Geophys. Prospect.* **2008**, *56*, 883–895. [CrossRef]

16. Ben-Hadj-Ali, H.; Operto, S.; Virieux, J. Velocity model building by 3D frequency-domain, full-waveform inversion of wide-aperture seismic data. *Geophysics* **2008**, *73*, VE101–VE117. [CrossRef]

17. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tarantola, A. The state of affairs in inversion of seismic data: An OVSP example. In Proceedings of the 66th SEG Conference & Exhibition, Houston, TX, USA, November 1996. [CrossRef]

18. Hirabayashi, N.; Leaney, W. Velocity profile prediction using walkaway VSP data. In Proceedings of the SEG 76th Conference & Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 1–6 October 2006. [CrossRef]

19. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. Viscoelastic full waveform inversion of North Sea offset VSP data. In Proceedings of the SEG 79th Conference & Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, Houston, TX, USA, October 2009.

20. Podgornova, O.; Charara, M. Multiscale time-domain full-waveform inversion for anisotropic elastic media. In Proceedings of the DEG 81st Conference & Exhibition, Proceedings, Houston, TX, USA, August 2011. [CrossRef]

21. Owusu, J.; Podgornova, O.; Charara, M.; Leaney, S.; Campbell, A.; Ali, A.; Borodin, I.; Nutt, L.; Menkiti, H. Anisotropic elastic full-waveform inversion of walkaway VSP data from the arabian Gulf. *Geophys. Prospect.* **2016**, *64*, 38–53. [CrossRef]

22. Abdelfettah, Y.; Barnes, C.; Dalmais, E.; Maurer, V.; Genter, A. Full Wave Inversion of OVSP Seismic Data for Faults Delineation and Characterization in Granite Context. In Proceedings of the 1st Geoscience & Engineering in Energy Transition Conference, Strasbourg, France, 16–18 November 2020.

23. Barnes, C.; Abdelfettah, Y.; Cuenot, N.; Dalmais, E.; Genter, A. Reservoir seismic imaging using an elastic Full-wave Inversion approach applied to multi-OVSP Data in the context of Soultz-sous-Forêts. In Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2020, Reykjavik, Iceland, 24–27 October 2020.

24. Pribnow, D.; Schellschmidt, R. Thermal tracking of upper crustal fluid flow in the Rhine graben. *Geophys. Res. Lett.* **2000**, *27*, 1957–1960. [CrossRef]

25. Sittler, C. Le pétrole dans le département du Haut-Rhin. Bilan d'un siècle et demi de recherches et d'exploitation. *Sci. Géol. Bulltins Mémoires* **1972**, *25*, 151–161. [CrossRef]

26. Genter, A.; Evans, K.; Cuenot, N.; Fritsch, D.; Sanjuan, B. Contribution of the exploration of deep crystalline fractured reservoir of Soultz to the knowledge of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). *Geoscience* **2010**, *342*, 502–516. [CrossRef]

27. Baujard, C.; Genter, A.; Dalmais, E.; Maurer, V.; Hehn, R.; Rosillette, R.; Schmittbuhl, J. Hydrothermal characterization of wells GRT-1 and GRT-2 in Rittershoffen, France: Implications on the understanding of natural flow systems in the Rhine Graben. *Geothermics* **2017**, *65*, 255–268. [CrossRef]

28. Aichholzer, C.; Duringer, P.; Orciani, S.; Genter, A. New stratigraphic interpretation of the Soultz-sous-Forêts 30-year-old geothermal wells calibrated on the recent one from Rittershoffen (Upper Rhine Graben, France). *Geotherm. Energy* **2016**, *4*, 1–26. [CrossRef]

29. Dezayes, C.; Genter, A.; Valley, B. Structure of the low permeable naturally fractured geothermal reservoir at Soultz. *Geosciences* **2010**, *342*, 517–530. [CrossRef]

30. Sausse, J.; Dezayes, C.; Dorbath, L.; Genter, A.; Place, J. 3D model of fracture zones at Soultz-sous-Forêts based on geological data, image logs, induced microseismicity and vertical seismic profiles. *Comptes Rendus Geosci.* **2010**, *342*, 531–545. [CrossRef]

31. Valley, B.; Evans, K. Stress state at Soultz-sous-Forêts to 5 km depth from well-bore failure and hydraulic observations. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA, 22–24 January 2007.

32. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. Constrained full-waveform inversion of multi-component seismic data. In Proceedings of the 72nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC, Barcelona, Spain, 14–17 June 2010.

33. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tarantola, A. *Inverse Methods: Constrained Waveform Inversion of Seismic Well Data*; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1996.

34. Charara, M.; Barnes, C. Constrained full waveform inversion for borehole multicomponent seismic data. *Geosciences* **2019**, *9*, 45. [CrossRef]

35. Tarantola, A. *Inverse Problem Theory: Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation*; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1987.

36. Polack, E.; Ribière, G. Note sur la convergence de méthodes de directions conjuguées. *Rev. Française D'informatique Et De Rech. Opérationnelle* **1969**, *16*, 35–43. [CrossRef]

37. Crase, E. Robust Elastic Nonlinear Inversion of Seismic Waveform Data. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 1989.
38. Blanch, J.; Robertsson, J.; Symes, W. Modeling of a constant Q: Methodology and algorithm for an efficient and optimally inexpensive viscoelastic technique. *Geophysics* **1995**, *60*, 176–184. [CrossRef]

39. Christensen, R. *Theory of Viscoelasticity*; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1982.

40. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tarantola, A. Full waveform inversion of seismic data for a viscoelastic medium. *Inverse Methods Interdiscip. Elem. Methodol. Comput. Appl. 2000*, *92*, 68–81.

41. Barnes, C.; Charara, M.; Williamson, P. P & S wave attenuation effects on full-waveform inversion for marine seismic data. In Proceedings of the 2014 SEG Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, USA, October 2014.

42. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. The domain of applicability of acoustic full-waveform inversion for marine seismic data. *Geophysics* **2009**, *74*, WCC91–WCC103. [CrossRef]

43. Tsuchiya, T.; Yamada, N.; Iskandar, U.; Kurihara, M.; Barnes, B.; Charara, M. CO₂ Monitoring by Using VSP-FWI Synthetic Study on CO₂-saturation and Pressure-buildup Differentiation. *Eur. Assoc. Geosci. Eng.* **2017**. [CrossRef]

44. Barnes, B.; Charara, M.; Tsuchiya, T.; Yamada, N. CO₂ Monitoring by Using VSP-FWI-Timelapse Elastic Parameters Estimation. *Eur. Assoc. Geosci. Eng.* **2017**. [CrossRef]

45. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tsuchiya, T.; Yamada, N. Time-lapse VSP viscoelastic full-waveform inversion for CO₂ monitoring. In Proceedings of the SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, Houston, TX, USA, September 2017.

46. Maurer, V.; Perrinel, N.; Dalmais, E.; Richard, A.; Plevy, L.; Genter, A. Towards a 3D velocity model deduced from 2D seismic processing and interpretation in Northern Alsace. In Proceedings of the European Geothermal Congress, Strasbourg, France, September 2016.

47. Genter, A.; Traineau, H.; Bourgine, B.; Ledesert, B.; Gentier, S. Over 10 years of geological investigations within the European Soultz HDR project, France. In Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, 28 May–10 June 2000.

48. Kappelmeyer, O.; Gerard, A.; Schloemer, W.; Ferrandes, R.; Rummel, F.; Benderitter, Y. *European HDR Project at Soultz-sous-Forêts, General Presentation*; Geothermal Energy in Europe, The Soultz Hot Dry Rock Project; James, C., Ed.; Bresee Gordon and Breach Science Publishers: London, UK, 1992.
38. Blanch, J.; Robertsson, J.; Symes, W. Modeling of a constant Q: Methodology and algorithm for an efficient and optimally inexpensive viscoelastic technique. *Geophysics* **1995**, *60*, 176–184. [CrossRef]

39. Christensen, R. *Theory of Viscoelasticity*; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1982.

40. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tarantola, A. Full waveform inversion of seismic data for a viscoelastic medium. *Inverse Methods Interdiscip. Elem. Methodol. Comput. Appl. 2000*, *92*, 68–81.

41. Barnes, C.; Charara, M.; Williamson, P. P & S wave attenuation effects on full-waveform inversion for marine seismic data. In Proceedings of the 2014 SEG Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, USA, October 2014.

42. Barnes, C.; Charara, M. The domain of applicability of acoustic full-waveform inversion for marine seismic data. *Geophysics* **2009**, *74*, WCC91–WCC103. [CrossRef]

43. Tsuchiya, T.; Yamada, N.; Iskandar, U.; Kurihara, M.; Barnes, B.; Charara, M. CO₂ Monitoring by Using VSP-FWI Synthetic Study on CO₂-saturation and Pressure-buildup Differentiation. *Eur. Assoc. Geosci. Eng.* **2017**. [CrossRef]

44. Barnes, B.; Charara, M.; Tsuchiya, T.; Yamada, N. CO₂ Monitoring by Using VSP-FWI-Timelapse Elastic Parameters Estimation. *Eur. Assoc. Geosci. Eng.* **2017**. [CrossRef]

45. Charara, M.; Barnes, C.; Tsuchiya, T.; Yamada, N. Time-lapse VSP viscoelastic full-waveform inversion for CO₂ monitoring. In Proceedings of the SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, Houston, TX, USA, September 2017.

46. Maurer, V.; Perrinel, N.; Dalmais, E.; Richard, A.; Plevy, L.; Genter, A. Towards a 3D velocity model deduced from 2D seismic processing and interpretation in Northern Alsace. In Proceedings of the European Geothermal Congress, Strasbourg, France, September 2016.

47. Genter, A.; Traineau, H.; Bourgine, B.; Ledesert, B.; Gentier, S. Over 10 years of geological investigations within the European Soultz HDR project, France. In Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, 28 May–10 June 2000.

48. Kappelmeyer, O.; Gerard, A.; Schloemer, W.; Ferrandes, R.; Rummel, F.; Benderitter, Y. *European HDR Project at Soultz-sous-Forêts, General Presentation*; Geothermal Energy in Europe, The Soultz Hot Dry Rock Project; James, C., Ed.; Bresee Gordon and Breach Science Publishers: London, UK, 1992.