[318] Q. Leng, S. Xu, X. Wu, S. Wang, D. Wu, F. Dong, D. Jin, P. Wang, Decolorization efficiency of methyl orange simulative wastewater by a reverse electrodialysis reactor: experiments and kinetics models, Desalin. Water Treat. 258 (2022) 72-84, https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2022.28392.

[319] T. León, J. López, R. Torres, J. Grau, L. Jofre, J.-L. Cortina, Time-dependent 2-D model for transport of species analysis in electrodialysis: Concentration profiles and fluxes, Desalination 565 (2023) 116819, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.116819.

[320] Z. Zourmand, F. Faridirad, N. Kasiri, T. Mohammadi, Mass transfer modeling of desalination through an electrodialysis cell, Desalination 359 (2015) 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.12.008.

[321] S. Pawlowski, P. Sistat, J.G. Crespo, S. Velizarov, Mass transfer in reverse electrodialysis: Flow entrance effects and diffusion boundary layer thickness, J. Membr. Sci. 471 (2014) 72-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.075.

[322] J. Ledingham, K.L. Sedransk Campbell, B. in 't Veen, L. Keyzer, N.Y. Yip, A. N. Campbell, The development and validation of a novel, parameter-free, modelling strategy for electromembrane processes: Electrodialysis, Desalination 576 (2024) 117386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117386.

[323] B. Sun, M. Zhang, S. Huang, J. Wang, X. Zhang, Limiting concentration during batch electrodialysis process for concentrating high salinity solutions: A theoretical and experimental study, Desalination 498 (2021) 114793, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114793.

[324] H. Zhu, B. Yang, C. Gao, Y. Wu, Ion transfer modeling based on Nernst-Planck theory for saline water desalination during electrodialysis process, Asia Pac. J. Chem. Eng. 15 (2020) e2410.

[325] L. Gurreri, A. Tamburini, A. Cipollina, G. Micale, M. Ciofalo, CFD prediction of concentration polarization phenomena in spacer-filled channels for reverse electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci. 468 (2014) 133-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.058.

[326] A. Campione, A. Cipollina, I.D.L. Bogle, L. Gurreri, A. Tamburini, M. Tedesco, G. Micale, A hierarchical model for novel schemes of electrodialysis desalination, Desalination 465 (2019) 79-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.04.020.

[327] V.V. Nikonenko, A.E. Kozmy, Electrical equivalent circuit of an ion-exchange membrane system, Electrochim. Acta 56 (2011) 1262-1269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.094.

[328] W.S. Ryoo, J. Yoo, Study on Key Parameters of Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) Cell-Stack Performance Based on Equivalent Circuit Model, Meet. Abstr. MA2022-02 (2022) 2550, https://doi.org/10.1149/MA2022-02502550mtgabs.

[329] J. Yan, R. Li, H. Wang, B. Hou, S. Wu, W. Fu, D. He, Z. Wang, Q. Li, B. Wang, Y. Wang, T. Xu, Alcohol splitting with bipolar membranes for the production of metal alkoxides: Alcohol splitting behaviour and ion transport kinetics, Chem. Eng. Sci. 286 (2024) 119657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2023.119657.

[330] R. Takagi, M. Vaselbehagh, H. Matsuyama, Theoretical study of the permeselectivity of an anion exchange membrane in electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci. 470 (2014) 486-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.053.

[331] B.A. Qureshi, S.M. Zubair, Design of electrodialysis desalination plants by considering dimensionless groups and variable equivalent conductivity, Desalination 430 (2018) 197-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.12.030.

[332] H.-J. Lee, F. Sarfert, H. Strathmann, S.-H. Moon, Designing of an electrodialysis desalination plant, Desalination 142 (2002) 267-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00020-8.

[333] B.A. Qureshi, N.A. Qasem, S.M. Zubair, Normalized sensitivity analysis of electrodialysis desalination plants for mitigating hypersalinity, Sep. Purif. Technol. 257 (2021) 117858, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117858.

[334] S. Gmar, A. Chagnes, I. Ben Salah Sayadi, J.-F. Fauvarque, M. Tlili, M. Ben Amor, Semiempirical kinetic modeling of water desalination by electrodialysis processes, Sep. Sci. Technol. 52 (2017) 574-581, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1254661.

[335] P. Zimmermann, Ö. Tekinalp, S.B.B. Solberg, Ø. Wilhelmsen, L. Deng, O. S. Burheim, Limiting current density as a selectivity factor in electrodialysis of multi-ionic mixtures, Desalination 558 (2023) 116613, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.116613.

[336] M. Fidaleo, M. Moresi, Optimal strategy to model the electrodialytic recovery of a strong electrolyte, J. Membr. Sci. 260 (2005) 90-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.048.

[337] Z. Liu, T. Chen, G. Liu, Effect of the dielectric membrane channel on salinity gradient energy conversion, Desalination 574 (2024) 117287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.117287.

[338] D.T. Nguyen, V.-S. Pham, Modeling non-linear ion transport phenomena in ion-selective membranes: Three simplified models, Sep. Purif. Technol. 333 (2024) 125929, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125929.

[339] M.M. Generous, N.A. Qasem, S.M. Zubair, The significance of modeling electrodialysis desalination using multi-component saline water, Desalination 496 (2020) 114347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114347.

[340] S.K. Patel, B. Lee, P. Westerhoff, M. Elimelech, The potential of electrodialysis as a cost-effective alternative to reverse osmosis for brackish water desalination, Water Res. 250 (2024) 121009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.121009.

[341] E. Nosova, A. Achoh, V. Zabolotsky, S. Melnikov, Electrodialysis with Simultaneous pH Adjustment Using Bilayer and Bipolar Membranes, Modeling and Experiment, Membranes (basel) 12 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111102.

[342] G. Kraaijeveld, V. Sumberova, S. Kuindersma, H. Wesselingh, Modelling electrodialysis using the Maxwell-Stefan description, The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal 57 (1995) 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-0467(94)02940-7.

[343] D. Wang, X.F. Lu, D. Luan, X.W. Lou, Selective Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitric Oxide to High Value-Added Chemicals, Adv. Mater. (2024) e2312645.

[344] H. Song, H. Yang, X. Yu, X. Wang, H. Jing, Y. Tan, J. Hu, Research progress of industrial application of membrane electrolysis technology, Ionics (2024), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05395-7.

[345] P. Goel, P. Mandal, B.E.V.K. Shahi, S. Chattopadhyay, Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) composite cation exchange membrane for NaOH production by electro-electrodialysis using agro-based paper mill green liquor, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9 (2021) 106409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106409.

[346] C. Jiang, Y. Wang, Q. Wang, H. Feng, T. Xu, Production of Lithium Hydroxide from Lake Brines through Electro-Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes (EEDBM), Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014) 6103-6112, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie404334s.

[347] R.F. Alshebli, N. Salsabila, B. Yuzer, Y. Bicer, Boron and lithium recovery from aqueous solutions by ion-exchange resin stuffed electro-electrodialysis process with hydrogen production, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 11 (2023) 110687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.110687.

[348] G. Liu, D. Wu, G. Chen, R. Halim, J. Liu, H. Deng, Comparative study on tartaric acid production by two-chamber and three-chamber electro-electrodialysis, Sep. Purif. Technol. 263 (2021) 118403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118403.

[349] F. Chen, J. Wang, Q. Ru, S.H. Aung, T.Z. Oo, B. Chu, Continuous Electrochemical Desalination via a Viologen Redox Flow Reaction, J. Electrochem. Soc. 167 (2020) 83503, https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c86.

[350] F. Chen, J. Wang, C. Feng, J. Ma, T. David Waite, Low energy consumption and mechanism study of redox flow desalination, Chem. Eng. J. 401 (2020) 126111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126111.

[351] N. Kim, J. Jeon, J. Elbert, C. Kim, X. Su, Redox-mediated electrochemical desalination for waste valorization in dairy production, Chem. Eng. J. 428 (2022) 131082, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131082.

[352] S.A. Maclean, S. Raza, H. Wang, C. Igbomezie, J. Liu, N. Makowski, Y. Ma, Y. Shen, J.A. Röhr, G.-M. Weng, A.D. Taylor, Investigation of flow rate in symmetric four-channel redox flow desalination system, Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 5 (2024) 101761, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101761.

[353] F.Y. AlJaberi, S.A. Ahmed, H.F. Makki, A.S. Naje, H.M. Zwain, A.D. Salman, T. Juzsakova, S. Viktor, B. Van, P.-C. Le, D.D. La, S.W. Chang, M.-J. Um, H. H. Ndo, G.D. Nguyen, Recent advances and applicable flexibility potential of electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment, Sci. Total Environ. 867 (2023) 161361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161361.

[354] J. Lin, W. Ye, M. Xie, D.H. Seo, J. Luo, Y. Wan, B. van der Bruggen, Environmental impacts and remediation of dye-containing wastewater, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 4 (2023) 785-803, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00489-8.

[355] T. Chen, J. Bi, M. Sun, J. Liu, J. Yuan, Y. Zhao, Z. Ji, Electrodialysis metathesis for high-value resource conversion and recovery: From sustainable applications to future prospects, Chem. Eng. J. 473 (2023) 145299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.145299.

[356] J. Feng, Q. Wang, N. Li, Y. Sun, Z. Ma, D. Xu, J. Gao, J. Wang, L. Wang, X. Gao, Techno-economic evaluation of preparing high-valued PTAOH from its low-cost bromide via electrodialysis metathesis (EDM), Sep. Purif. Technol. 237 (2020) 116371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116371.

[357] W.-F. Wen, J. Wang, C.-Y. Zhong, Q. Chen, W.-M. Zhang, Direct production of lithium nitrate from the primary lithium salt by electrodialysis metathesis, J. Membr. Sci. 654 (2022) 120555, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120555.

[358] W. Gao, H. Zhao, X. Wei, X. Meng, K. Wu, Y. Liu, A Green and Economical Method for Preparing Potassium Glutamate through Electrodialysis Metathesis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 61 (2022) 1486-1493, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac5icr1c1e04558.

[359] S.K.A. Al-Amshawee, M.Y.B.M. Yunus, Electrodialysis membrane with concentration polarization - A review, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 201 (2024) 645-678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2023.10.060.

[360] F. Liu, R. Zhou, C. Zhang, Z. Wu, H. Ren, H.Y. Ng, Critical review on the pulsed electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment: Fundamentals, current trends, and future studies, Chem. Eng. J. 479 (2024) 147588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147588.

[361] B. de Jaegher, W. de Schepper, A. Verliefde, I. Nopens, A model-based analysis of electrodialysis fouling during pulsed electric field operation, J. Membr. Sci. 642 (2022) 119975, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119975.

[362] L. Bazinet, T.R. Geoffroy, Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies, Membranes (basel) 10 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090221.

[363] S. Honarparvar, R. Al-Rashed, A.G.V. Winter, Investigation of pulsed electric field operation as a chemical-free anti-scaling approach for electrodialysis desalination of brackish water, Desalination 551 (2023) 116386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.116386.

[364] D. Butylskii, I. Moroz, K. Tsygurina, S. Mareev, Effect of Surface Inhomogeneity of Ion-Exchange Membranes on the Mass Transfer Efficiency in Pulsed Electric Field Modes, Membranes (basel) 10 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10030040.

[365] A.M. Uzdenova, A.V. Kovalenko, M.K. Urtenov, V.V. Nikonenko, Effect of electroconvexion during pulsed electric field electrodialysis, Numerical Experiments, Electrochem. Commun. 51 (2015) 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.11.021.

[366] S. Mikhaylin, V. Nikonenko, N. Pismenskaya, G. Pourcelly, S. Choi, H.J. Kwon, J. Han, L. Bazinet, How physico-chemical and surface properties of cation-exchange membrane affect membrane scaling and electroconvective vortices:
[318] Q. Leng, S. Xu, X. Wu, S. Wang, D. Wu, F. Dong, D. Jin, P. Wang, Decolorization efficiency of methyl orange simulative wastewater by a reverse electrodialysis reactor: experiments and kinetics models, Desalin. Water Treat. 258 (2022) 72–84, https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2022.28392.

[319] T. León, J. López, R. Torres, J. Grau, L. Jofre, J.-L. Cortina, Time-dependent 2-D model for transport of species analysis in electrodialysis: Concentration profiles and fluxes, Desalination 565 (2023) 116819, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.116819.

[320] Z. Zourmand, F. Faridirad, N. Kasiri, T. Mohammadi, Mass transfer modeling of desalination through an electrodialysis cell, Desalination 359 (2015) 41–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.12.008.

[321] S. Pawlowski, P. Sistat, J.G. Crespo, S. Velizarov, Mass transfer in reverse electrodialysis: Flow entrance effects and diffusion boundary layer thickness, J. Membr. Sci. 471 (2014) 72–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.075.

[322] J. Ledingham, K.L. Sedransk Campbell, B. in 't Veen, L. Keyzer, N.Y. Yip, A. N. Campbell, The development and validation of a novel, parameter-free, modelling strategy for electromembrane processes: Electrodialysis, Desalination 576 (2024) 117386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117386.

[323] B. Sun, M. Zhang, S. Huang, J. Wang, X. Zhang, Limiting concentration during batch electrodialysis process for concentrating high salinity solutions: A theoretical and experimental study, Desalination 498 (2021) 114793, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114793.

[324] H. Zhu, B. Yang, C. Gao, Y. Wu, Ion transfer modeling based on Nernst-Planck theory for saline water desalination during electrodialysis process, Asia Pac. J. Chem. Eng. 15 (2020) e2410.

[325] L. Gurreri, A. Tamburini, A. Cipollina, G. Micale, M. Ciofalo, CFD prediction of concentration polarization phenomena in spacer-filled channels for reverse electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci. 468 (2014) 133–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.058.

[326] A. Campione, A. Cipollina, I.D.L. Bogle, L. Gurreri, A. Tamburini, M. Tedesco, G. Micale, A hierarchical model for novel schemes of electrodialysis desalination, Desalination 465 (2019) 79–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.04.020.

[327] V.V. Nikonenko, A.E. Kozmy, Electrical equivalent circuit of an ion-exchange membrane system, Electrochim. Acta 56 (2011) 1262–1269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.094.

[328] W.S. Ryoo, J. Yoo, Study on Key Parameters of Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) Cell-Stack Performance Based on Equivalent Circuit Model, Meet. Abstr. MA2022-02 (2022) 2550, https://doi.org/10.1149/MA2022-02502550mtgabs.

[329] J. Yan, R. Li, H. Wang, B. Hou, S. Wu, W. Fu, D. He, Z. Wang, Q. Li, B. Wang, Y. Wang, T. Xu, Alcohol splitting with bipolar membranes for the production of metal alkoxides: Alcohol splitting behaviour and ion transport kinetics, Chem. Eng. Sci. 286 (2024) 119657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2023.119657.

[330] R. Takagi, M. Vaselbehagh, H. Matsuyama, Theoretical study of the permeselectivity of an anion exchange membrane in electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci. 470 (2014) 486–493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.07.053.

[331] B.A. Qureshi, S.M. Zubair, Design of electrodialysis desalination plants by considering dimensionless groups and variable equivalent conductivity, Desalination 430 (2018) 197–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.12.030.

[332] H.-J. Lee, F. Sarfert, H. Strathmann, S.-H. Moon, Designing of an electrodialysis desalination plant, Desalination 142 (2002) 267–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00020-8.

[333] B.A. Qureshi, N.A. Qasem, S.M. Zubair, Normalized sensitivity analysis of electrodialysis desalination plants for mitigating hypersalinity, Sep. Purif. Technol. 257 (2021) 117858, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117858.

[334] S. Gmar, A. Chagnes, I. Ben Salah Sayadi, J.-F. Fauvarque, M. Tlili, M. Ben Amor, Semiempirical kinetic modelling of water desalination by electrodialysis processes, Sep. Sci. Technol. 52 (2017) 574–581, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1254661.

[335] P. Zimmermann, Ö. Tekinalp, S.B.B. Solberg, Ø. Wilhelmsen, L. Deng, O. S. Burheim, Limiting current density as a selectivity factor in electrodialysis of multi-ionic mixtures, Desalination 558 (2023) 116613, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.116613.

[336] M. Fidaleo, M. Moresi, Optimal strategy to model the electrodialytic recovery of a strong electrolyte, J. Membr. Sci. 260 (2005) 90–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.048.

[337] Z. Liu, T. Chen, G. Liu, Effect of the dielectric membrane channel on salinity gradient energy conversion, Desalination 574 (2024) 117287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.117287.

[338] D.T. Nguyen, V.-S. Pham, Modeling non-linear ion transport phenomena in ion-selective membranes: Three simplified models, Sep. Purif. Technol. 333 (2024) 125929, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125929.

[339] M.M. Generous, N.A. Qasem, S.M. Zubair, The significance of modeling electrodialysis desalination using multi-component saline water, Desalination 496 (2020) 114347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114347.

[340] S.K. Patel, B. Lee, P. Westerhoff, M. Elimelech, The potential of electrodialysis as a cost-effective alternative to reverse osmosis for brackish water desalination, Water Res. 250 (2024) 121009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.121009.

[341] E. Nosova, A. Achoh, V. Zabolotsky, S. Melnikov, Electrodialysis with Simultaneous pH Adjustment Using Bilayer and Bipolar Membranes, Modeling and Experiment, Membranes (basel) 12 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111102.

[342] G. Kraaijeveld, V. Sumberova, S. Kuindersma, H. Wesselingh, Modelling electrodialysis using the Maxwell-Stefan description, The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal 57 (1995) 163–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-0467(94)02940-7.

[343] D. Wang, X.F. Lu, D. Luan, X.W. Lou, Selective Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitric Oxide to High Value-Added Chemicals, Adv. Mater. (2024) e2312645.

[344] H. Song, H. Yang, X. Yu, X. Wang, H. Jing, Y. Tan, J. Hu, Research progress of industrial application of membrane electrolysis technology, Ionics (2024), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05395-7.

[345] P. Goel, P. Mandal, B.E.V.K. Shahi, S. Chattopadhyay, Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) composite cation exchange membrane for NaOH production by electro-electrodialysis using agro-based paper mill green liquor, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9 (2021) 106409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106409.

[346] C. Jiang, Y. Wang, Q. Wang, H. Feng, T. Xu, Production of Lithium Hydroxide from Lake Brines through Electro-Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes (EEDBM), Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014) 6103–6112, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie404334s.

[347] R.F. Alshebli, N. Salsabila, B. Yuzer, Y. Bicer, Boron and lithium recovery from aqueous solutions by ion-exchange resin stuffed electro-electrodialysis process with hydrogen production, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 11 (2023) 110687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.110687.

[348] G. Liu, D. Wu, G. Chen, R. Halim, J. Liu, H. Deng, Comparative study on tartaric acid production by two-chamber and three-chamber electro-electrodialysis, Sep. Purif. Technol. 263 (2021) 118403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118403.

[349] F. Chen, J. Wang, Q. Ru, S.H. Aung, T.Z. Oo, B. Chu, Continuous Electrochemical Desalination via a Viologen Redox Flow Reaction, J. Electrochem. Soc. 167 (2020) 83503, https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c86.

[350] F. Chen, J. Wang, C. Feng, J. Ma, T. David Waite, Low energy consumption and mechanism study of redox flow desalination, Chem. Eng. J. 401 (2020) 126111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126111.

[351] N. Kim, J. Jeon, J. Elbert, C. Kim, X. Su, Redox-mediated electrochemical desalination for waste valorization in dairy production, Chem. Eng. J. 428 (2022) 131082, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131082.

[352] S.A. Maclean, S. Raza, H. Wang, C. Igbomezie, J. Liu, N. Makowski, Y. Ma, Y. Shen, J.A. Röhr, G.-M. Weng, A.D. Taylor, Investigation of flow rate in symmetric four-channel redox flow desalination system, Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 5 (2024) 101761, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101761.

[353] F.Y. AlJaberi, S.A. Ahmed, H.F. Makki, A.S. Naje, H.M. Zwain, A.D. Salman, T. Juzsakova, S. Viktor, B. Van, P.-C. Le, D.D. La, S.W. Chang, M.-J. Um, H. H. Ndo, G.D. Nguyen, Recent advances and applicable flexibility potential of electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment, Sci. Total Environ. 867 (2023) 161361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161361.

[354] J. Lin, W. Ye, M. Xie, D.H. Seo, J. Luo, Y. Wan, B. van der Bruggen, Environmental impacts and remediation of dye-containing wastewater, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 4 (2023) 785–803, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00489-8.

[355] T. Chen, J. Bi, M. Sun, J. Liu, J. Yuan, Y. Zhao, Z. Ji, Electrodialysis metathesis for high-value resource conversion and recovery: From sustainable applications to future prospects, Chem. Eng. J. 473 (2023) 145299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.145299.

[356] J. Feng, Q. Wang, N. Li, Y. Sun, Z. Ma, D. Xu, J. Gao, J. Wang, L. Wang, X. Gao, Techno-economic evaluation of preparing high-valued PTAOH from its low-cost bromide via electrodialysis metathesis (EDM), Sep. Purif. Technol. 237 (2020) 116371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116371.

[357] W.-F. Wen, J. Wang, C.-Y. Zhong, Q. Chen, W.-M. Zhang, Direct production of lithium nitrate from the primary lithium salt by electrodialysis metathesis, J. Membr. Sci. 654 (2022) 120555, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120555.

[358] W. Gao, H. Zhao, X. Wei, X. Meng, K. Wu, Y. Liu, A Green and Economical Method for Preparing Potassium Glutamate through Electrodialysis Metathesis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 61 (2022) 1486–1493, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac510741e.

[359] S.K.A. Al-Amshawee, M.Y.B.M. Yunus, Electrodialysis membrane with concentration polarization – A review, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 201 (2024) 645–678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2023.10.060.

[360] F. Liu, Z. Zhou, C. Zhang, Z. Wu, H. Ren, H.Y. Ng, Critical review on the pulsed electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment: Fundamentals, current trends, and future studies, Chem. Eng. J. 479 (2024) 147588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147588.

[361] B. de Jaegher, W. de Schepper, A. Verliefde, I. Nopens, A model-based analysis of electrodialysis fouling during pulsed electric field operation, J. Membr. Sci. 642 (2022) 119975, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119975.

[362] L. Bazinet, T.R. Geoffroy, Electrodialytic Processes: Market Overview, Membrane Phenomena, Recent Developments and Sustainable Strategies, Membranes (basel) 10 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090221.

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[369] G. Dufton, S. Mikhaylin, S. Gaaloul, L. Bazinet, Systematic Study of the Impact of Pulsed Electric Field Parameters (Pulse/Duration and Frequency) on ED Performances during Acid Whey Treatment, Membranes (Basel) 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes1001004.

[370] H.-J. Lee, S.-H. Moon, S.-P. Tsai, Effects of pulsed electric fields on membrane fouling in electrodialysis of NaCl solution containing humate, Sep. Purif. Technol. 27 (2002) 89–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(01)00167-8.

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[373] R. Bert, C. Manes, A. Tiraferri, New Facility for Membrane Fouling Investigations under Customizable Hydrodynamics: Validation and Preliminary Experiments with Pulsating Cross-Flow, Membranes (basel) 12 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030334.

[374] S.K.A. Al-Amshawee, M.Y.B.M. Yunus, Electro dialysis desalination: The impact of solution flowrate (or Reynolds number) on fluid dynamics throughout membrane spacers, Environ. Res. 219 (2023) 115115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.115115.

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[376] C. Jiang, H. Chen, Y. Zhang, H. Feng, M.A. Shehzad, Y. Wang, T. Xu, Complexation Electro dialysis as a general method to simultaneously treat wastewaters with metal and organic matter, Chem. Eng. J. 348 (2018) 952–959, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.022.

[377] Q. Wang, C. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z. Yang, T. Xu, Reclamation of Aniline Wastewater and CO 2 Capture Using Bipolar Membrane Electro dialysis, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 4 (2016) 5743–5751, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01686.

[378] D. Babilas, J. Muszyński, A. Milewski, K. Leśniak-Ziółkowska, P. Dydo, Electro dialysis enhanced with disodium EDTA as an innovative method for separating Cu(II) ions from zinc salts in wastewater, Chem. Eng. J. 408 (2021) 127908, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127908.

[379] K.N. Han, R. Kim, J. Kim, Recent Advancements in Hydrometallurgy: Solubility and Separation, Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (2023), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-023-02956-8.

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[381] S. Frioui, R. Oumeddour, S. Lacour, Highly selective extraction of metal ions from dilute solutions by hybrid electrodialysis technology, Sep. Purif. Technol. 174 (2017) 264–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.028.

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[383] L. Karimi, A. Ghassemi, An empirical/theoretical model with dimensionless numbers to predict the performance of electrodialysis systems on the basis of operating conditions, Water Res. 98 (2016) 270–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.014.

[384] F. Aubras, M. Rhandi, J. Deseure, A.-J.-J. Kadjo, M. Bessafi, J. Majasan, B. Grondin-Perez, F. Druart, J.-P. Chablat, Dimensionless approach of a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis: Advanced analytical modelling, J. Power Sources 481 (2021) 228858, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpwoursour.2020.228858.

[385] J.-Y. Nam, K.-S. Hwang, H.-C. Kim, H. Jeong, H. Kim, E. Jwa, S. Yang, J. Choi, C.-S. Kim, J.-H. Han, N. Jeong, Assessing the behavior of the feed-water constituents of a pilot-scale 1000-cell-pair reverse electrodialysis with seawater and municipal wastewater effluent, Water Res. 148 (2019) 261–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.054.

[386] A.J. Ward, K. Arola, E. Thompson Brewster, C.M. Mehta, D.J. Batstone, Nutrient recovery from wastewater through pilot scale electrodialysis, Water Res. 135 (2018) 57–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.021.

[387] V. Giovanni, C. Calogero, T. Alessandro, C. Andrea, M. Giorgio, Performance Evaluation of an Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes Pilot Plant Operated in Feed Bleed Mode, Chem. Eng. Trans. 105 (2023) 73–78, https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23105013.

[388] Z. Peng, Y. Sun, Leakage circuit characteristics of a bipolar membrane electrodialyzer with 5 BP-A-C units, J. Membr. Sci. 597 (2020) 117762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117762.

[389] J. Veerman, J.W. Post, M. Saakes, S.J. Metz, G.J. Harmsen, Reducing power losses caused by ionic shortcut currents in reverse electrodialysis stacks by a validated model, J. Membr. Sci. 310 (2008) 418–430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.11.032.

[390] M. Doležel, K. Keršelová, Measurement of Non-Effective Electric Current in Electrodialysis Stacks, J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 (2017) E276–E282, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1481709jes.

[391] J. Xia, G. Eigenberger, H. Strathmann, U. Nieken, Acid-Base Flow Battery, Based on Reverse Electrodialysis with Bi-Polar Membranes: Pack Experiments, Processes (basel) 8 (2020) 99, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8010099.

[392] A. Culcas, L. Gurreri, A. Zaffora, A. Cosenza, A. Tamburini, A. Cipollina, G. Micale, Ionic shortcut currents with manifolds in reverse electrodialysis stacks, Desalination 485 (2020) 114450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114450.

[393] J.-H. Han, Experimental visualization of leakage current in reverse electrodialysis and its effect on inorganic scaling, Desalination 527 (2022) 115584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.115584.

[394] B.R. Bligh, Reverse Electrodialysis (1988).

[395] T. Wen, G.S. Solt, Y.F. Sun, Modelling the cross flow spirally wound electrodialysis (SpED) process, Desalination 103 (1995) 165–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(95)00070-4.

[396] P. Mardle, B. Chen, S. Holdcroft, Opportunities of Ionomer Development for Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis, ACS Energy Lett. 8 (2023) 3330–3342, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01040.

[397] G. Campisi, A. Cosenza, S. Randazzo, A. Tamburini, G. Micale, Economic Analysis of an Innovative Scheme for the Treatment of Produced Waters, Chem. Eng. Trans. 105 (2023) 367–372, https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23105062.

[398] S. Lahnid, M. Tahaikt, E. Elaroui, I. Idrissi, M. Hafsi, I. Laaziz, Z. Amor, F. Tiyal, A. Elmidaoui, Economic evaluation of fluoride removal by electrodialysis, Desalination 230 (2008) 213–219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.027.

[399] C.-W. Lin, H.N. Tran, R.-S. Juang, Reclamation and reuse of wastewater by membrane-based processes in a typical midstream petrochemical factory: a techno-economic analysis, Environ. Dev. Sustain. 26 (2024) 5419–5430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02880-9.

[400] D. Ankoliya, A. Mudgal, M.K. Sinha, P. Davies, K. Park, R.R. Alegre, V. Patel, J. Patel, Techno-economic analysis of integrated bipolar membrane electrodialysis and batch reverse osmosis for water and chemical recovery from dairy wastewater, J. Clean. Prod. 420 (2023) 138264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138264.

[401] F. Sabatino, M. Mehta, A. Grimm, M. Gazzani, F. Gallucci, G.J. Kramer, M. van Sint Annaland, Evaluation of a Direct Air Capture Process Combining Wet Scrubbing and Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59 (2020) 7007–7020, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05641.

[402] M. Herrero-Gonzalez, A. Culcas, A. Tamburini, R. Ibañez, A. Cipollina, G. Micale, Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic solar electro dialysis with bipolar membranes, Desalination 582 (2024) 117624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117624.

[403] D. Vineyard, A. Hicks, K.G. Karthikeyan, C. Davidson, P. Barak, Life cycle assessment of electrodialysis for sidestream nitrogen recovery in municipal wastewater treatment, Cleaner Environ. Syst. 2 (2021) 100026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100026.

[404] J. Lu, S. Kumagai, Y. Fukushima, H. Ohno, T. Kameda, Y. Saito, T. Yoshioka, Combined Experiment, Simulation, and Ante LCA Approach for Sustainable Cl Recovery from NaCl/Ethylene Glycol by Electrodialysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59 (2020) 20112–20122, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03565.

[405] A. Alrashidi, E. Aleisa, K. Alshayji, Life cycle assessment of hybrid electrodialysis and reverse osmosis seawater desalination systems, Desalination 578 (2024) 117448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117448.

[406] V.V. Akula, G. Ramalingam, A.K. Verma, Z. Ronen, Y. Oren, J. Gilron, L. Philip, Performance evaluation of pilot scale ion exchange membrane bioreactor for nitrate removal from secondary effluent, J. Clean. Prod. 442 (2024) 141087, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141087.

[407] P.K. Cornejo, M.V.E. Santana, D.R.HKanson, J.R. Mihelcic, Q. Zhang, Carbon footprint of water reuse and desalination: a review of greenhouse gas emissions and estimation tools, J. Water Reuse Desalin. 4 (2014) 238–252, https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.058.

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[367] V.Y. Karlin, N.V. Kropotov, Electro dialysis separation of $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ in a pulsed current mode, Russ. J. Electrochem. 31 (1995) 472–476.

[368] N.A. Mishchuk, L.K. Koopal, F. Gonzalez-Caballero, Intensification of electrodialysis by applying a non-stationary electric field, Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 176 (2001) 195–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00568-9.

[369] G. Dufton, S. Mikhaylin, S. Gaaloul, L. Bazinet, Systematic Study of the Impact of Pulsed Electric Field Parameters (Pulse/Duration and Frequency) on ED Performances during Acid Whey Treatment, Membranes (Basel) 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes1001004.

[370] H.-J. Lee, S.-H. Moon, S.-P. Tsai, Effects of pulsed electric fields on membrane fouling in electrodialysis of NaCl solution containing humate, Sep. Purif. Technol. 27 (2002) 89–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(01)00167-8.

[371] A.G. Capodaglio, Pulse Electric Field Technology for Wastewater and Biomass Residues' Improved Valorization, Processes (basel) 9 (2021) 736, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050736.

[372] P. Saremirad, H.G. Gomaa, J. Zhu, Effect of flow oscillations on mass transfer in electrodialysis with bipolar membrane, J. Membr. Sci. 405–406 (2012) 158–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.006.

[373] R. Bert, C. Manes, A. Tiraferri, New Facility for Membrane Fouling Investigations under Customizable Hydrodynamics: Validation and Preliminary Experiments with Pulsating Cross-Flow, Membranes (basel) 12 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030334.

[374] S.K.A. Al-Amshawee, M.Y.B.M. Yunus, Electro dialysis desalination: The impact of solution flowrate (or Reynolds number) on fluid dynamics throughout membrane spacers, Environ. Res. 219 (2023) 115115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.115115.

[375] C. Rodrigues, M. Rodrigues, V. Semiao, V. Geraldes, Enhancement of mass transfer in spacer-filled channels under laminar regime by pulsatile flow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 123 (2015) 536–541, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.11.047.

[376] C. Jiang, H. Chen, Y. Zhang, H. Feng, M.A. Shehzad, Y. Wang, T. Xu, Complexation Electro dialysis as a general method to simultaneously treat wastewaters with metal and organic matter, Chem. Eng. J. 348 (2018) 952–959, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.022.

[377] Q. Wang, C. Jiang, Y. Wang, Z. Yang, T. Xu, Reclamation of Aniline Wastewater and CO 2 Capture Using Bipolar Membrane Electro dialysis, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 4 (2016) 5743–5751, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01686.

[378] D. Babilas, J. Muszyński, A. Milewski, K. Leśniak-Ziółkowska, P. Dydo, Electro dialysis enhanced with disodium EDTA as an innovative method for separating Cu(II) ions from zinc salts in wastewater, Chem. Eng. J. 408 (2021) 127908, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127908.

[379] K.N. Han, R. Kim, J. Kim, Recent Advancements in Hydrometallurgy: Solubility and Separation, Trans. Indian Inst. Met. (2023), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-023-02956-8.

[380] H.C. Hershey, R.D. Mitchell, W.H. Webb, Separation of cesium and strontium by electrodialysis, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 28 (1966) 645–649, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(66)80346-9.

[381] S. Frioui, R. Oumeddour, S. Lacour, Highly selective extraction of metal ions from dilute solutions by hybrid electrodialysis technology, Sep. Purif. Technol. 174 (2017) 264–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.028.

[382] T. Huang, J.-K. Wang, Preferential transport of nickel and cupric ions through cation exchange membrane in electrodialysis with a complex agent, Desalination 86 (1992) 257–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(92)80037-A.

[383] L. Karimi, A. Ghassemi, An empirical/theoretical model with dimensionless numbers to predict the performance of electrodialysis systems on the basis of operating conditions, Water Res. 98 (2016) 270–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.014.

[384] F. Aubras, M. Rhandi, J. Deseure, A.-J.-J. Kadjo, M. Bessafi, J. Majasan, B. Grondin-Perez, F. Druart, J.-P. Chablat, Dimensionless approach of a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis: Advanced analytical modelling, J. Power Sources 481 (2021) 228858, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpwoursour.2020.228858.

[385] J.-Y. Nam, K.-S. Hwang, H.-C. Kim, H. Jeong, H. Kim, E. Jwa, S. Yang, J. Choi, C.-S. Kim, J.-H. Han, N. Jeong, Assessing the behavior of the feed-water constituents of a pilot-scale 1000-cell-pair reverse electrodialysis with seawater and municipal wastewater effluent, Water Res. 148 (2019) 261–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.054.

[386] A.J. Ward, K. Arola, E. Thompson Brewster, C.M. Mehta, D.J. Batstone, Nutrient recovery from wastewater through pilot scale electrodialysis, Water Res. 135 (2018) 57–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.021.

[387] V. Giovanni, C. Calogero, T. Alessandro, C. Andrea, M. Giorgio, Performance Evaluation of an Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes Pilot Plant Operated in Feed Bleed Mode, Chem. Eng. Trans. 105 (2023) 73–78, https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23105013.

[388] Z. Peng, Y. Sun, Leakage circuit characteristics of a bipolar membrane electrodialyzer with 5 BP-A-C units, J. Membr. Sci. 597 (2020) 117762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117762.

[389] J. Veerman, J.W. Post, M. Saakes, S.J. Metz, G.J. Harmsen, Reducing power losses caused by ionic shortcut currents in reverse electrodialysis stacks by a validated model, J. Membr. Sci. 310 (2008) 418–430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.11.032.

[390] M. Doležel, K. Keslerová, Measurement of Non-Effective Electric Current in Electrodialysis Stacks, J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 (2017) E276–E282, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1481709jes.

[391] J. Xia, G. Eigenberger, H. Strathmann, U. Nieken, Acid-Base Flow Battery, Based on Reverse Electrodialysis with Bi-Polar Membranes: Pack Experiments, Processes (basel) 8 (2020) 99, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8010099.

[392] A. Culcas, L. Gurreri, A. Zaffora, A. Cosenza, A. Tamburini, A. Cipollina, G. Micale, Ionic shortcut currents with manifolds in reverse electrodialysis stacks, Desalination 485 (2020) 114450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114450.

[393] J.-H. Han, Experimental visualization of leakage current in reverse electrodialysis and its effect on inorganic scaling, Desalination 527 (2022) 115584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.115584.

[394] B.R. Bligh, Reverse Electrodialysis (1988).

[395] T. Wen, G.S. Solt, Y.F. Sun, Modelling the cross flow spirally wound electrodialysis (SpED) process, Desalination 103 (1995) 165–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(95)00070-4.

[396] P. Mardle, B. Chen, S. Holdcroft, Opportunities of Ionomer Development for Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis, ACS Energy Lett. 8 (2023) 3330–3342, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01040.

[397] G. Campisi, A. Cosenza, S. Randazzo, A. Tamburini, G. Micale, Economic Analysis of an Innovative Scheme for the Treatment of Produced Waters, Chem. Eng. Trans. 105 (2023) 367–372, https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23105062.

[398] S. Lahnid, M. Tahaikt, E. Elaroui, I. Idrissi, M. Hafsi, I. Laaziz, Z. Amor, F. Tiyal, A. Elmidaoui, Economic evaluation of fluoride removal by electrodialysis, Desalination 230 (2008) 213–219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.027.

[399] C.-W. Lin, H.N. Tran, R.-S. Juang, Reclamation and reuse of wastewater by membrane-based processes in a typical midstream petrochemical factory: a techno-economic analysis, Environ. Dev. Sustain. 26 (2024) 5419–5430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02880-9.

[400] D. Ankoliya, A. Mudgal, M.K. Sinha, P. Davies, K. Park, R.R. Alegre, V. Patel, J. Patel, Techno-economic analysis of integrated bipolar membrane electrodialysis and batch reverse osmosis for water and chemical recovery from dairy wastewater, J. Clean. Prod. 420 (2023) 138264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138264.

[401] F. Sabatino, M. Mehta, A. Grimm, M. Gazzani, F. Gallucci, G.J. Kramer, M. van Sint Annaland, Evaluation of a Direct Air Capture Process Combining Wet Scrubbing and Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59 (2020) 7007–7020, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05641.

[402] M. Herrero-Gonzalez, A. Culcas, A. Tamburini, R. Ibañez, A. Cipollina, G. Micale, Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic solar electro dialysis with bipolar membranes, Desalination 582 (2024) 117624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117624.

[403] D. Vineyard, A. Hicks, K.G. Karthikeyan, C. Davidson, P. Barak, Life cycle assessment of electrodialysis for sidestream nitrogen recovery in municipal wastewater treatment, Cleaner Environ. Syst. 2 (2021) 100026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100026.

[404] J. Lu, S. Kumagai, Y. Fukushima, H. Ohno, T. Kameda, Y. Saito, T. Yoshioka, Combined Experiment, Simulation, and Ante LCA Approach for Sustainable Cl Recovery from NaCl/Ethylene Glycol by Electrodialysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59 (2020) 20112–20122, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03565.

[405] A. Alrashidi, E. Aleisa, K. Alshayji, Life cycle assessment of hybrid electrodialysis and reverse osmosis seawater desalination systems, Desalination 578 (2024) 117448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117448.

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[435] B. Yuzer, M.I. Aydin, B. Hasançebi, H. Selcuk, Application of an electrodialysis process to recover nitric acid from aluminum finishing industry waste, Desalin. Water Treat. 172 (2019) 199–205, https://doi.org/10.5004/dwtw.2019.42914.

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[440] J. Wang, Z. Cui, Y. Li, L. Cao, Z. Lu, Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of citric acid production through different recovery methods, J. Clean. Prod. 249 (2020) 119315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
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[442] S.S. Yi, Y.C. Lu, G.S. Luo, Separation and concentration of lactic acid by electro-dialysis, Sep. Purif. Technol. 60 (2008) 308–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/
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[443] K. Zhang, M. Wang, C. Gao, Tartaric acid production by ion exchange resin-filling electrometathesis and its process economics, J. Membr. Sci. 366 (2011) 266–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.013.

[444] E.S. Koivisto, T. Reuter, R. Zevenhoven, Performance Optimization of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis of Ammonium Sulfate/Bisulfate Reagents for CO 2 Mineralization, ACS ES T Water 3 (2023) 1953–1962, https://doi.org/10.1021/
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[445] X. Zhang, W. Lu, P. Yang, W. Cong, Application of response surface methodology to optimize the operation process for regeneration of acid and base using bipolar membrane electrodialysis, J of Chemical Tech & Biotech 83 (2008) 12–19, https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1732.

[446] T. Spietz, S. Dobras, T. Chwola, A. Wilk, A. Krótki, L. Więcław-Solny, Experimental results of amine emission from the CO2 capture process using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) with piperazine (PZ), Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 102 (2020) 103155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103155.

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[449] H. Ruan, S. Wu, X. Chen, J. Zou, J. Liao, H. Cui, Y. Dong, Y. Qiu, J. Shen, Capturing CO2 with NaOH solution from reject brine via an integrated technology based on bipolar membrane electrodialysis and hollow fiber membrane contactor, Chem. Eng. J. 450 (2022) 138095, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138095.

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[420] S.Y.W. Chai, L.H. Ngu, B.S. How, Review of carbon capture absorbents for CO 2 utilization, Greenhouse Gases, Sci. Technol. 12 (2022) 394–427, https://doi.org/
10.1002/ghg.2151.

[421] M.D. Eisaman, K. Parajuly, A. Tuganov, C. Eldershaw, N. Chang, K.A. Littau, CO2 extraction from seawater using bipolar membrane electrodialysis, Energy Environ. Sci. 5 (2012) 7346, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03393c.

[422] W. Jiang, W. Liu, Y. Wang, Z. Zhao, Q. Li, Y. Wu, T. Liu, H. Xie, Electrochemically Regenerated Amine for CO 2 Capture Driven by a Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reaction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 61 (2022) 13578–13588, https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02047.

[423] C. Huang, T. Xu, X. Yang, Regenerating fuel-gas desulfurizing agents by using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED): effect of molecular structure of alkanolamines on the regeneration performance, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 984–989, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061918e.

[424] C. Li, C. Jiang, L. Qu, H.-H. Yu, X. Qi, W. De-xin, J. Du, Calculation and Analysis of Energy Consumption Index of Environmental Protection Facilities in Coal-fired Power Plant, IOP Conf. Ser. Sun. Environ. Sci. 295 (2019) 52053, https://doi.
org/10.1088/1755-1315/295/5/052053.

[425] R. Anttonen Life cycle assessment for lithium hydroxide production preoperational study of carbon footprint for Keliber's lithium hydroxide production in 2021 Central Ostrobothnia.

[426] P. Zimmermann, K. Wahl, Ö. Tekinall, S.B.B. Solberg, L. Deng, Ö. Wilhelmsen, O. S. Burheim, Selective recovery of silver ions from copper-contaminated effluents using electrodialysis, Desalination 572 (2024) 117108, https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.desal.2023.117108.

[427] S. Syed, Silver recovery aqueous techniques from diverse sources: Hydrometallurgy in recycling, Waste Manag. 50 (2016) 234–256, https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.006.

[428] Y. Liu, M. Lv, X. Wu, J. Ding, L. Dai, H. Xue, X. Ye, R. Chen, R. Ding, J. Liu, B. van der Bruggen, Recovery of copper from electrolating sludge using integrated bipolar membrane electrodialysis and electrodeposition, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 642 (2023) 29–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.154.

[429] M. Gómez, S. Grimes, G. Fowler, Novel hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of copper from end-of-life mobile phone printed circuit boards using ionic liquids, J. Clean. Prod. 420 (2023) 138379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
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[430] I. Frenzel, H. Holdik, D. Stamatalis, G. Pourcelly, M. Wessling, Chromic acid recovery by electro-electrodialysis, Evaluation of Anion-Exchange Membrane, Journal of Membrane Science 261 (2005) 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2005.03.031.

[431] E. Kokkinos, V. Proskynitopoulou, A. Zouboulis, Chromium and energy recovery from tannery wastewater treatment waste: Investigation of major mechanisms in the framework of circular economy, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 7 (2019) 103307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103307.

[432] O. Bruinsma, D.J. Branken, T.N. Lemmer, L. van der Westhuizen, S. Rossouw, Sodium sulfate splitting as zero brine process in a base metal refinery: Screening and optimization in batch mode, Desalination 511 (2021) 115096, https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115096.

[433] A. Kumar, F. Du, J.H. Lienhard, Caustic Soda Production, Energy Efficiency, and Electrolyzers, ACS Energy Lett. 6 (2021) 3563–3566, https://doi.org/10.1021/
acsenergylett.1c01827.

[434] M. Marwa, A. Soumaya, N. Hajjaji, M.R. Jeday, An environmental life cycle assessment of an industrial system: case of industrial sulfuric acid, International Journal of Energy, Environment and Economics 25 (2017) 255–268.

[435] B. Yuzer, M.I. Aydin, B. Hasançebi, H. Selcuk, Application of an electrodialysis process to recover nitric acid from aluminum finishing industry waste, Desalin. Water Treat. 172 (2019) 199–205, https://doi.org/10.5004/dwtw.2019.42914.

[436] R.M. Altarawneh, P.G. Pickup, Product Distributions and Efficiencies for Ethanol Oxidation in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell, J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 (2017) F861–F865, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0051709jes.

[437] S. Loza, N. Loza, A. Korzhov, N. Romanyuk, N. Kovalchuk, S. Melnikov, Hybrid Membrane Technology for Acid Recovery from Wastewater in Coated Steel Wire Production: A Pilot Scale Study, Membranes (basel) 12 (2022), https://doi.org/
10.3390/membranes12121196.

[438] V. Boor, J.E.B.M. Frijns, E. Perez-Gallent, E. Giling, A.T. Laitinen, E.L.V. Goetheer, L.J.P. van den Broeke, R. Kortlever, W. de Jong, O.A. Moultos, T.J.H. Vlugt, M. Ramdin, Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Oxalic Acid: Experiments, Process Modeling, and Economics, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 61 (2022) 14837–14846, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02647.

[439] Y. Wang, N. Zhang, C. Huang, T. Xu, Production of monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic organic acids by using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes: Effect of cell configurations, J. Membr. Sci. 385–386 (2011) 226–233, https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.MEMSCI.2011.09.044.

[440] J. Wang, Z. Cui, Y. Li, L. Cao, Z. Lu, Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of citric acid production through different recovery methods, J. Clean. Prod. 249 (2020) 119315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jclepro.2019.119315.

[441] M.I. González, S. Álvarez, F. Riera, R. Álvarez, Economic evaluation of an integrated process for lactic acid production from ultrafiltered whey, J. Food Eng. 80 (2007) 553–561, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.06.021.

[442] S.S. Yi, Y.C. Lu, G.S. Luo, Separation and concentration of lactic acid by electro-dialysis, Sep. Purif. Technol. 60 (2008) 308–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.sepur.2007.09.004.

[443] K. Zhang, M. Wang, C. Gao, Tartaric acid production by ion exchange resin-filling electrometathesis and its process economics, J. Membr. Sci. 366 (2011) 266–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.013.

[444] E.S. Koivisto, T. Reuter, R. Zevenhoven, Performance Optimization of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis of Ammonium Sulfate/Bisulfate Reagents for CO 2 Mineralization, ACS ES T Water 3 (2023) 1953–1962, https://doi.org/10.1021/
acsestwater.3c00028.

[445] X. Zhang, W. Lu, P. Yang, W. Cong, Application of response surface methodology to optimize the operation process for regeneration of acid and base using bipolar membrane electrodialysis, J of Chemical Tech & Biotech 83 (2008) 12–19, https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1732.

[446] T. Spietz, S. Dobras, T. Chwola, A. Wilk, A. Krótki, L. Więcław-Solny, Experimental results of amine emission from the CO2 capture process using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) with piperazine (PZ), Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 102 (2020) 103155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103155.

[447] E. Grusheenko, S. Bazhenov, V. Vasilevsky, E. Novitsky, M. Shalygin, A. Volkov, Effect of Carbon Dioxide Loading on Removal of Heat Stable Salts from Amine Solvent by Electrodialysis, Membranes (basel) 9 (2019), https://doi.org/
10.3390/membranes9110152.

[448] B. Lv, B. Guo, Z. Zhou, G. Jing, Mechanisms of CO2 Capture into Monoethanolamine Solution with Different CO2 Loading during the Absorption/Desorption Processes, Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (2015) 10728–10735, https://
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