ESTIMATION OF BIOGENIC EMISSIONS OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM A MINE SOIL UNDER VARIOUS BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES

Ignacio Guzmán Carrizosa<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="3" />, Aránzazu Peña<fnref n="2" />,<fnref n="4" />, Mª Dolores Mingorance<fnref n="2" />,<fnref n="4" />, Sabina Rossini Oliva<fnref n="3" />,<fnref n="4" />, Antonio José Fernández Espinosa<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="4" />

Corresponding author email: Antonio José Fernández Espinosa, anjose@us.es

ABSTRACT

In the frame of a regional research project studying bioremediation techniques for Andalusian mining soils, focusing on revegetation with appropriate plant species, one of the objectives was the evaluation of possible emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere, after the application of amendments like sewage sludge or irrigation with wastewater. The application of these organic amendments to degraded soils requires quantifying the balance of organic emissions to the atmosphere, because they have been reported to contain harmful compounds and precursors of other atmospheric pollutants, like aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons.

An acid mine soil from the Riotinto mine area (Iberian Pyrite Belt), which constitutes one of the world largest massive sulphide deposits (mainly Cu-Pb-Zn), was selected for this study, after treating it with a liming agent (Carbocal) to raise soil pH to physiological values. Triplicate pots (250 g) containing limed Nerva soil (NC~L~ control) or NC~L~ amended with 2% stabilized sewage sludge (NC~L~-SSL2), from the wastewater treatment plant of Sevilla (SW Spain), were employed. Tomato plants (*Lycopersicon esculentum*, Mill.) were selected as plant species due to the ease of cultivation and short period of development. Tomato seedlings (≈ 7 cm) were individually planted in the pots, which were then irrigated with wastewater to 80% field capacity. Pots were placed in an isolated small glass greenhouse. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), styrene and tetrachloroethylene, were retained on glass tubes containing Tenax, from which they were analysed by GC-MS, after thermal desorption.

Pots were sequentially sampled: First NC~L~ or NC~L~-SSL2 without plant and then with plant. Results indicate that pots with plants released higher VOCs concentration than when the plant was absent. This effect was more marked for *o*- and *p*-xylene (Figures show the results for *m*- and *o*-xylene) and reflects the plant ability to release volatile compounds available in the soil solution.

<figure><img src="image_482.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_483.png" /></figure>

Pots added with sewage sludge (NC~L~-SSL2), with or without tomato, released in general lower VOCs concentration (see Figures). VOCs may arise from the organic pool present in soil and from the organic amendments (SSL and wastewater). However, previous experiments with amended pots showed that only SSL, and not irrigation with wastewater, resulted in a significant increase of soil organic carbon. The observed results could be explained by an increased retention of VOCs in soil due to SSL addition, as has been shown for different organic compounds, as pesticides.

In summary, tomato plants constitute an effective interface in the transfer of volatile compounds from the soil to the atmosphere, increasing the release of volatiles regarding the only-soil emissions. In contrast with this negative effect, organic amendments added to soil, such as treated sewage sludge, reduce the release of these biogenic pollutants due to an increase of their retention on soil.

Acknowledgements: Junta de Andalucía and FSE funds (P10-RNM-5814 project) have supported this work.

<figure><img src="image_484.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Univ. Sevilla, C. Prof. García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Instituto Andaluz Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGR, Av. Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Dpto. Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Univ. Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, 41012, Sevilla, Spain</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴Unidad Asociada CSIC-USE 'Estudios Integrales del Medio Físico y Biótico'</footnote>
# VICIA-MICRONUCLEUS TEST AS A TOOL TO ASSESS SOIL GENOTOXICITY POTENTIAL

Adrien Dhyevre<fnref n="1" />, Damien Blaudez<fnref n="2" />, Michel Chalot<fnref n="3" />, Serge Muller<fnref n="1" />, Sylvie Cotelle<fnref n="1" />

Corresponding author email: Damien.Blaudez@univ-lorraine.fr

## ABSTRACT

The assessment of the environmental impact by anthropological activities is an important challenge for the 21st century. Since the industrial revolution, the contamination of water, soil and air by heavy metals or organic pollutants indeed speeded up. Although chemical analyses reveal the typology of pollution in a given matrix, they do not give information about the real ecotoxic potential of the matrix, which takes into account the bioavailability of pollutants. This information requires the development of biological tests, and especially with plants that present indeed a particular interest in ecotoxicology due to their (i) immobility, (ii) important roots network, and (iii) fundamental role in ecosystems as primary producers [2].

Ma [4] described higher plants as the most sensitive organisms for the detection of mutagens and genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants. Although ecologically relevant for soil toxicity assessment, plants are surprisingly not the most commonly used organisms for genotoxicity tests [1,6].

Genotoxicity - simply defined as the toxicity on the genome - is an indicator of dysfunctions appearing at sub-lethal concentrations. An easy endpoint to observe is the formation of micronuclei that are small nuclei appearing whenever a chromosome fragment or a complete chromosome is not incorporated into the nuclei during mitosis [5]. It therefore reveals a break of genetic material (clastogenic effect) or a dysfunction of mitotic spindles (aneugenic effect).

The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic potential of six different soils contaminated by heavy metals. In this context, the recently standardized *Vicia*-micronucleus test (ISO-29200) [3] was used with a direct exposure approach. Results showed that four soils strongly induced genotoxicity. When dealing with phytotechnology experiments on polluted soils, one important goal is to compare soil genotoxicity potential before and after treatment. Two metal-polluted sites were further selected and sampled in more details. These sites were used to grow poplar for bioenergy production over a period of seven years. This phyto-management reduced the soil genotoxicity potential. Further results obtained from this test combined with soil data characteristics (metal contents, ...) will be presented and discussed on the poster.

## References:

1. Grant, W.F., (1994) The present status of higher-plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens. *Mutat. Res.-Fund. Mol. M.* 310, 175-185.

2. Hock, B., Elstner, E., (2005) Plant Toxicology. Marcel Dekker, New York.

3. ISO-29200, 2013. Soil Quality- Assessment of genotoxic effects on higher plants - Vicia faba micronucleus test. International Organization for Standardization, Genève.

4. Ma, T.-H., (1999) The international program on plant bioassays and the report of the follow-up study after the hands-on workshop in China. *Mutat. Res.-Envir. Mut.* 426, 103-106.

5. Rieger, R., Michaelis, A., Green, M., (1968) A Glossary of Genetics and Cytogenetics. A Glossary of Genetics and Cytogenetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 270-308.

6. White, P.A., Claxton, L.D., (2004) Mutagens in contaminated soil: a review. *Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat.* 567, 227-345.

**Acknowledgements:** The financial support by ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie) and ANR project Biofiltree contract No. ANR-10-INTB-1703-01-BIOFILTREE is greatly appreciated.

<figure><img src="image_485.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Rue du General Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Bld des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, 25211 Montbéliard, France</footnote>
# TACKLING POLLUTION BY ORGANIC FARMING IS CAPABLE OF INCREASING FORTIFIED FOODS

J.P. Navarro-Aviñó<fnref n="1" />, J.J. Fernández Navarro<fnref n="1" />, V. Vargas Castro<fnref n="1" />, I. Ilzarbe Ripoll<fnref n="1" />, M.J. Márquez Sahuquillo<fnref n="2" />

Corresponding author email:jpnaupv@gmail.com

## ABSTRACT

The situation of global pollution is poisoning the biosphere and causing global temperatures to rise inevitably. Urge a drastic change in the way man is relating with Nature. One change that may produce more beneficial effects on the biosphere and human health, is the use of organic farming to produce food in a more integrated way with Nature, and to increase the capacity of man's own response compared to the toxicity of current biosphere environment. In this paper it is shown that another way to deal with environmental contamination is possible. Indeed it is shown that despite the opinion of many experts, organic farming is capable of increasing the ability of man to fortify foods. Specifically Bodegas Dagon, after more than 20 years of growing grapes under this discipline is able to achieve concentrations of stilbenes such as resveratrol, which become a world record. Specifically Versus 14.3 mg/l reported, wines from "Bodegas Dagón" contain (HPLC and UV-spectroscopy), 1611.73 ± 72.66 mg/l of resveratrol. Thus wine from Bodegas Dagon becomes the world's healthiest reported to date.

The anthropocentric view of humanity, has considered, in all these activities, to the Nature, in many cases, as an enemy: animals which eat crops, weeds growing where they should not grow, drought or flood, that should not occur, etc. The result of this vision and way of acting, is that man is no longer integrated as an element in Nature, and has become a "stranger" to it. Nature appears that wants to dislodge the man, from his body, using earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Tsunamis, etc. At this time, the man needs two imperative things: first, delete toxicity in his environment and, in turn, increase its ability to respond to pollution. Second, obtain products more nutritious for feeding, to make them a health ally against disease.

Among the natural compounds, which have drawn more attention to scientists in different fields (agriculture, food, health, cosmetic, etc.), are found the so called, stilbenes. Resveratrol (the most important) is considered a phytoalexin, that is, an antimicrobial substance, that once synthesized de novo by plants, accumulates rapidly, at areas of pathogen infection. Specifically the phytoalexins can be biosynthesized in grapevines as a defense to fungal diseases, such as Botrytis cinerea. However, resveratrol may be synthesized in response to more than one pathogen, therefore may be synthesized in plants undergoing biotic stress, but also, undergoing many environmental stresses (abiotic stresses).

Perhaps the reason for the presence of such concentrations of resveratrol unprecedented, has to be found, especially in the role of this molecule as an antioxidant. Nevertheless, understanding the antioxidant capacity in a broader physicochemical sense, and not just as a molecule antiradical. Strictly speaking an antioxidant is a molecule that decreases the tension in the system when, it is forcing to boot, or share electrons. Free radicals are molecules tension-creating, as it is the oxygen. However there may be molecules that make a function in both directions, that is, reduce the tension to lose electrons, but also to win them, behaving as anti-reducers. The results are molecules that make a buffering function of the electron density surrounding.

<figure><img src="image_486.png" /><figcaption>Fig 1: Identification and quantification of resveratrol in "Dagon" wine by HPLC. A. Identification by coinjection of pure resveratrol in wine samples using an IR detector. To a 1/10 dilution of pure wine, was added a sample of pure resveratrol of known amount. B. Determination of the concentration of</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_487.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ABBA Gaia, Street Albert Einstein 2, Post Code 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Phone: +34 96 1109969.</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Dagón Bodegas S.A.T, C/ Cooperativa 4, 46310 Los Marcos (Utiel-Requena) España</footnote>
# SOCIAL MEASURING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE PREVENTION ACTIVITIES

Antonis A. Zorpas<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="3" />, Katia Lassaridi<fnref n="2" />, Irene Voukkali<fnref n="3" />, Pantelitsa Loizia<fnref n="3" />, Christina Chroni<fnref n="2" />, Anastatios Georgiou<fnref n="4" />, Corina Fanou<fnref n="4" />

Corresponding author E-mail: [antoniszorpas@yahoo.com](mailto:antoniszorpas@yahoo.com)

## ABSTRACT

Through a LIFE+ Project which focuses on the Development and Demonstration of a Waste Prevention Support Tool for Local Authorities WASP Tool (Project LIFE10 ENV/GR/000622, that is co funded from EU), the Municipality of Paralimni in Cyprus will develop its Prevention Strategy concerning the waste management. The quantification of waste reduction is also difficult because total and per capita waste generation or composition rates are on the rise. Waste reduction should be considered in terms of reduction below future rates as well as below existing rates. In addition, certain source reduction programs, particularly education programs, may not lead to changes in individual purchasing and waste generation behaviour until a few years after initiation. It takes time for residents to develop new purchasing practices, and manufacturers time to redesign products. States and communities would benefit by expanding the type of source reduction programs offered as well as by improving their methods of quantifying such achievements. Few communities have established comprehensive source reduction programs, partly because source reduction is more difficult to measure than waste diversion through recycling and composting.

However how easy is to change citizen behaviour remains unsolved research question. The paper focuses on the social behaviour and how easy is to change those behaviour through specific prevention activities like (a) home composting (b) reuse of material (like shopping backs and refiling bottles for water), (c) food. The research indicated that continual public awareness remains one of the main aspects to chain citizen behaviour. The results indicated that at least 20% of the participants (100 participants) have change their behaviour and they have used the compost bins instead to send green waste and food waste to landfill as well as the usage of the refilling bottle for water in primary schools (as target group equal to 1250 student) was more than 75%.

<figure><img src="image_488.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ Cyprus Open University, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Environmental Conservation and Management, P.O.Box 12794, 2252, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus, +357-99532025, +357-22411600 antonis.zorpas@ouc.ac.cy, antoniszorpas@yahoo.com</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Harokopio University, Department of Geography</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ EnviTech Ltd, (Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Department of Research and Development) www.envitech.org, info@envitech.org</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ Municipality of Paralimni, www.paralimni.org.cy, info@paralimni.org.cy</footnote>
# ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ZEA MAYS AFTER PHYTOREMEDIATION: IMPACT OF TRACE ELEMENTS ON BIOGAS YIELD AND DIGESTATE USE

Witters Nele<fnref n="1" />, Van Slycken Stijn<fnref n="2" />, Meers Erik<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Cornelis Erwin<fnref n="3" />, Peene Andy<fnref n="4" />, Wierinck Isabella<fnref n="4" />, Dejonghe Winnie<fnref n="3" />, Van Passel Steven<fnref n="1" />, Vangronsveld Jaco<fnref n="1" />, Tack Filip<fnref n="2" />

Corresponding author email: nele.witters@uhasselt.be

## ABSTRACT

Energy maize is an attractive option for phytomanagement of trace element-contaminated land. Not only is its biomass productivity promising but also the agronomic knowledge on and economic feasibility of this non-food crop are favourable. However, what can and has to be done with the biomass after harvest has not been studied before. We study the potential economic (biogas production) and environmental (digestate use) impact of anaerobic digestion of contaminated maize using a multidisciplinary approach. Laboratory scale tests have shown that anaerobic digestion of maize with increased concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) reaches a biogas production potential of 191±32 Nm<fnref n="3" /> ton⁻<fnref n="1" /> fresh matter (fm). A semi-continuous test of 435 days delivers similar results (195±61 Nm<fnref n="3" /> ton⁻<fnref n="1" /> fm). Both results are comparable with the biogas potential of anaerobic digestion of maize originating from non-contaminated land. The accumulation of trace elements in the reactor did not negatively affect biomethanisation processes. Trace element concentrations in the resulting digestate were 3-5 times higher than concentrations of trace elements in the input material. A comparison between trace element concentrations in the digestate and legal threshold values for different uses of the digestate was made and the same options as for ‘regular’ digestate remained.

<figure><img src="image_489.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_490.png" /></figure>

Evolution of the measured and the modulated concentration of Cd (A), Cu (B), Pb (C) and Zn (D) mg kg⁻<fnref n="1" /> dry matter (DM) at several times during the semi-continuous batch test

**Acknowledgements:** This research was funded by IWT-Vlaanderen (Grant IWT/CLO/50702) and MIP-Flanders (Belgium, Project Phytofuel). Additional support was obtained from OVAM (INTERREG-project BENEKEMPEN), and from Pioneer and KWS (seeds).

<figure><img src="image_491.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry; Ghent University, Coupure 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO); Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴Organic Waste Systems (OWS), Dok Noord 4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</footnote>
# IMMUNOMODULATORY AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF *L. ROHITA* TO DIETARY FORTIFICATION OF CLOVE AND/OR CARDAMOM EXTRACT

Oyas Ahmed Asimi<fnref n="1" />, Norattam Puri Sahu<fnref n="2" />, Asim Kumar Pal<fnref n="3" />

Corresponding author email: asimioa@gmail.com

## ABSTRACT

**Background:** Though antibiotics provide a useful means to control many bacterial diseases but development of antibiotic resistance is a major problem. As an alternative, feeding many plant extracts through diet protects the fish against chronic oxidative stress-related diseases (Sakai, 1999). Many plants contain different compounds in their natural extracts, generally rich in antioxidants (El Saleh, Al Sagair and Al Khalaf, 2004). Enormous reports are available regarding the immunomodulatory role of different plant extracts in fish (Al Jishi, and Abuo Hozaifa, 2003).

**Objective:** In this context, it was hypothesized that fortification of these spice extracts in fish feed, which exhibited good antioxidant activity, must have immune-modulatory properties. Hence, the extracts of clove and cardamom were taken as isolation or in combination to study the growth and immune-modulatory effect in a tropical fish *L.rohita*, which has not been reported elsewhere.

**Methods:** Extraction of spices, Growth performance, Challenge study, Sampling, Determination of superoxide anion (NBT), Total serum protein, albumin and globulin, Lysozyme activity, Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Statistical analysis.

**Results:** Present study was conducted to evaluate the immuno-modulatory and growth response of clove and/or cardamom extracts in the diet of *L.rohita*. The solvent extracts (ethyl acetate) of clove and cardamom were selected based on the highest antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities exhibited by these two extracts out of eleven commonly used spices screened for the same. Both the spice extracts were mixed separately or in combination at the level of 0.5 and 1.0%. Thus, six experimental diets were CI-0.5%, CI-1.0%, Cd-0.5%, Cd-1.0%, C.C-0.5% and C.C-1.0%. Highest growth rate (P<0.05) was recorded in the CI-0.5 group. Hepatosomatic index (HSI), gastro somatic index (GSI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) was also highest (P<0.05) in CI-0.5 group. Lowest mortality was recorded in the CI-0.5 group after challenged with *Aeromonas hydrophila*.

**Conclusion:** It can be concluded that clove extract at 0.5% in the diet promotes growth, enhances antioxidant activity and protects the immunity of *L.rohita* challenged against *A.hydrophila*.

**Acknowledgements:** The first author is highly thankful to the Director/Vice-chancellor, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India for providing facilities for carrying out the work.

<figure><img src="image_492.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Versova, Mumbai, India</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Joint Director, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Versova, Mumbai, India</footnote>
# SUSTAINABLE BEACH AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT IN INSULAR COMMUNITIES UNDER WARM CLIMATE CONDITIONS

Vasileios Zisimopoulos, Antonis Zorpas, Sissy Efthimiadou

Cyprus Open University, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Environmental Conservation and Management, P.O.Box 12794, 2252, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus, antonis.zorpas@ouc.cy.cy; antoniszorpas@yahoo.com

Corresponding author mail: vzissimop@hotmail.com

## ABSTRACT

Coastal areas, thanks to their unique morphological structure, which combines land, sea and air, have been and still are considered highly sensitive ecosystems as well as irresistible attractions for most people. Strong indicative of their particular significance constitutes the fact that, although the coastal zones around the world occupy a total 15% of the total surface of the planet, the 60% of the total world population was proven to reside in them. In Europe, the percentage of the urban population residing in coastal areas (up to 50km from the coast) reaches an approximate 30%, while in Greece, a 33% of the total population of the country resides at a distance shorter than 2 kilometres from the coastline. The economic significance of the coastal areas is rendered obvious thanks to their unique characteristics which enable a wide variety of activities and attract a large number of people, thus facilitating tourism. The main purpose of this article is to illustrate the need to prepare a management model which will enable the viable, sustainable management of coastal areas and beaches (sustainable beach - taking into consideration all three dimensions of sustainability: economy, society and environment) both in Greece and in the general Mediterranean area. The objective of this model will be the optimal satisfaction of all guests-bathers of a beach and the simultaneous sustainable development and environmental protection of coastal areas and beaches. The model will be easily adopted and applied both by individual coastal areas-beaches of certain municipalities or regions as well as by all beaches of each municipality or region. It will also be instantly applicable by beaches and coastal areas "belonging" to private entities and businesses such as hotel units.

<figure><img src="image_493.png" /></figure>
# LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES USE FOR OCIMUM BASILICUM L. CULTIVATION

Filippos Bantis<fnref n="1" />, Kalliopi Radoglou<fnref n="2" />

Corresponding author email: kradoglo@fmenr.duth.gr

## ABSTRACT

The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in production of regeneration material is cost and environmental freely approach. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of LEDs in physiological and morphological characteristics of two *Ocimum basilicum* L. varieties (Lettuce Leaf and Red Rubin-mountain Athos hybrid) during pre-cultivation in mini-plug containers. Fluorescent light (FL) as control and five LEDs (G2, AP673L, L20AP67, AP67, NS1 -Valoya) emitting light with differing spectrum mixing ultraviolet, blue, green, red, far-red and infra-red were used. Seedlings were cultivated into a growth chamber with set conditions for four weeks.

According to the results, Lettuce Leaf seedlings formed significantly more leaves under AP67 light than under the FL and L20AP67. However, the leaf number of the hybrid was not significant. No significant differences were found for both varieties regarding the leaf colour. Lettuce Leaf showed a light green colour while Red Rubin-mountain Athos hybrid showed purple-green colour. Furthermore, L20AP67 and AP673L lights showed an increase in Lettuce Leaf seedlings' shoot height and root length, respectively. For Red Rubin-mountain Athos hybrid means for shoot height and root length were found significantly increased under G2 and NS1 lights respectively. Seedlings illuminated under LEDs showed significant increase in dry mass of leaves, shoots and roots compared to FL for both varieties. Especially root dry mass favored under the NS1 light quality. Root/Shoot ratio was found higher under LEDs than the control. Moreover, for the Lettuce Leaf variety FL induced statistically significant larger leaves compared to all LED treatments while L20AP67 and FL lights induced the larger leaves for the hybrid.

The present results indicate that LEDs appear to have more potential on the growth and quality characteristics of *Ocimum basilicum* L. than fluorescent light. Therefore, such LEDs can be used for the cultivation of basil and it is important for their quality.

<figure><img src="image_494.png" /></figure>

**Acknowledgements:** The financial support by FP-7 project REGENFOREST contract No. 286067 is greatly appreciated.

<figure><img src="image_495.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Thessaloniki, Greece</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece</footnote>
# BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY OF LYOPHILIZED CRANBERRY EXTRACT ON REGULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIC RATS

## Rasha H. Hussein

Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Women College, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt

Corresponding author email: rhuseen@kau.edu.sa; dr.rasha.asu@gmail.com

## ABSTRACT

The risk of toxic liver damage has markedly increased in recent years due to the exposure to environmental toxins, pesticides and chemotherapeutics. Many compounds, including useful drugs, can cause liver cell damage through their metabolic conversion to highly reactive substances and the generation of free radicals. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an increasingly recognized condition that may progress to end-stage liver disease. It is characterized by fat infiltration of the liver, inflammation, hepatocellular damage (ballooning) and fibrosis, with NASH patients at higher risk of developing cirrhosis, terminal liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cranberries are small, dark red fruits that are widely consumed as juice. It contains significant amount of phenolic compounds which have antioxidant properties and other health benefits. Studies have shown that supplementations with berries were effective in reducing oxidative stress associated with aging. Further, cranberries have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic properties and provide cardio-protection. In this experiment, rats were classified into four groups as follows: normal control group, NASH rats fed high fat diet, nonalcoholic steatohepatitic rats fed high fat diet and received lyophilized powdered cranberry suspended in 0.5% CMC, group fed basal diet and received lyophilized powdered cranberry suspended in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose CMC. The model of NASH rats elicited significant increase in serum lipid parameters: total cholesterol, total lipids, tricylglycerols and phospholipids, liver antioxidant enzyme activities with concomitant significant elevations in liver enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in association with a reduction in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, serum total protein and direct and total bilirubin. Administration of cranberry to NASH rats produced significant increases in tested antioxidant enzyme activities, G6PD and serum total protein, direct and total bilirubin concomitant with significant decreases in the levels of serum lipids as well as liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, GST and γ-GT. In addition, it was noted that NASH rats exhibited a degree of DNA fragmentation; however, oral administration of cranberry extract partially inhibited the DNA fragmentation.

**Keywords:** nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cranberry extract, lipid parameters, antioxidant enzymes, DNA fragmentation

<figure><img src="image_496.png" /></figure>
# BIODIVERSITY OF BARREN SOIL AND BIOREMEDIATION POSSIBILITY

Blazo Lalevic<fnref n="1" />, Vera Raicevic<fnref n="1" />, Saud Hamidovic<fnref n="2" />, Zoran Krivosej<fnref n="3" />, Dragan Kikovic<fnref n="3" />, Josip Colo<fnref n="2" />

## ABSTRACT

Coal was known as burning rock and is used primarily for producing electricity and by heavy industries. Except of benefits and economic development, mining activities have brought great damage to the ecosystem. Also, mining activities generate a large amount of spoil material and waste rocks which deposited aboveground. Area strip mining moves over a ecosystem continuously, with overbunded material from one part of coal mine deposited into the previously mined part. This will lead to the formation of barren soils, with negative environmental consequences and deterioration of local flora. Because the plants and microorganisms are important parameter of restoration of mine degraded soils, the aim of this study was to describe the biodiversity of barren soil in coal mine field "Kakanj" (Bosnia and Herzegovina), in order to estimate the bioremediation potential of selected area.

Research was performed in summer of 2011, 2012 and 2013. During the three years, plant diversity of barren soil was analyzed using the methodology of Swiss-French phytocenological school. Chemical and microbiological characterization of barren soil was performed in summer of 2013. The basic chemical characteristics were analyzed using the standard methodology, while organic pollutants using the GC/MSD and GC/FID technique, respectively. Microbiological characterization was conducted using the dilution-plating method. After isolation of bacteria, two most abundant strains were identified by API and APIWEB system, and by sequence analyses of 16S rDNA.

The results showed the absence of plants in barren soil in summer of 2011, presence of one plant in 2012 (Amaranthus albus L.), and 10 species belonging to 5 families (Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae Convolvulaceae, Poaceae, and Polygonaceae) in 2013. These plant species had significant effect on restoration of natural vegetation.

The chemical analysis showed the very acid pH reaction, absence of carbonates, high C/N relation, poor content of available P and Mg, and high content of available Fe, Ca and Ni. Content of PAHs and PCB was poor, while high content of hydrocarbons $C_{10}-C_{40}$ was detected.

Microbial activity in barren soil was low. Total number of bacteria was 3.1 CFU*10⁵/g, ammonification bacteria 3.3 CFU*10⁵/g, while abundance of other groups of bacteria was lower. Absence of *Azotobacter* sp. and very low presence of actinomycetes was recorded. Microbial diversity in surface layer of barren soil was higher compared with subsurface layer. Enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase) was also higher in surface layer of barren soil.

On 0.1xTS agar plates, two types of colonia were observed. One of these, named 13k, formed small single spheral whitish colonies, while other strain, named 19k, formed small to single spheral whitish to yellowish colonies. Both strains were gram-positive and spore forming. After incubation on API 50CH and using the APIWEB technique, results showed the maximal similarity of 13k strain with *Bacillus thuringiensis*, and strain 19k with *Paenibacillus alvei*. The obtained sequences of 16S rDNA of both strains were analyzed by BLAST. Compared with sequences available in database showed the maximal similarity with 16S rDNA sequences of *Bacillus* sp.

The main object of ecorestoration in coal mine areas is reconstruction of ecosystem according to the developing sequences of coal mining, using the results of plant and microbial diversity. It is evident that biodiversity could be used as complementary assessment criteria to estimate the rehabilitation status of coal mine-affected sites. In the future, researches will be performed on examination of role of vegetation and plant-microbial interaction on structure of microbial communities and biological reclamation of barren soil.

**Acknowledgements:** The financial support by EU Commission project AREA, contract No. 316004, and project of Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia No. TR31080

<figure><img src="image_497.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia</footnote>
# STUDY OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) IN ACCELERATING THE GROWTH AND QUALITY OF *PICEA ABIES* SEEDLINGS FOR INDOOR CULTIVATION

Sonia Smirnakou<fnref n="1" />, Kalliopi Radoglou<fnref n="2" />

Corresponding author email: kradoglo@fmenr.duth.gr

## ABSTRACT

The light sources generally used for indoor plant cultivation are fluorescent lamps. To select a more efficient light source, the present study evaluated the effects of different light qualities on the growth and seedling quality of *Picea abies* Karst. pre-cultivated in mini-plug containers fulfilled with enriched peat soil substrate. Seedlings were uniformly grown into two growth chambers for five weeks under light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (G2, AP67, AP67-ARCH, L20 AP67, NS2 -Valoya) or Fluorescent light (FL). LEDs used emitted a continuous spectrum thanks to a mixture of ultraviolet, blue, green, red, far-red and infra-red in various percentages.

Our results showed that the different light treatments had an effect on the height growth rate only for the first week of the whole experimental period therefore no significant differences were found. However the highest average height increment was found for the seedlings grown under the L20 AP67 and AP67 LEDs. Seedlings grown under the FL light formed less needles compared to LEDs and

significant differences found especially with those grown under the G2 and AP67 lights during the last two weeks of the experimental period. Among LEDs the G2 light induced significant more needles compared to NS2 during the first three weeks. AP67 light enhanced the dark green colour of needles than the rest of light qualities. Furthermore, FL and L20 AP67 lights promoted a significant increase in shoot height contrast to the NS2. On the other hand AP67, G2 and AP67-ARCH LEDs significantly promoted the root length compared to the FL light. LED qualities such as G2, AP67, AP67-ARCH and NS2 significantly increased the dry weight mass and the R/S ratio of *Picea* seedlings contrary to FL light. Especially shoot dry weight mass favored under the G2 irradiation shown a significant increase compared to all the light treatments. Also among LEDs, L20 AP67 had significantly less beneficial effect on the seedlings for the same physiological parameters.

The present results demonstrate that LEDs and especially the AP67 and G2 better promote growth and quality characteristics of Norway spruce than fluorescent light regarding it as potential planting stock material.

Acknowledgements: The financial support by FP-7 project REGENFOREST contract No. 286067 is greatly appreciated.

<table><thead><tr><th>Light treatments</th><th>400-500 nm</th><th>500-600 nm</th><th>600-700 nm</th><th>700-800 nm</th><th>R:FR ratio</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>FL</td><td>34.8%</td><td>24.1%</td><td>36.7%</td><td>4.4%</td><td>5.74</td></tr><tr><td>L20 AP67</td><td>10.5%</td><td>26.2%</td><td>48.9%</td><td>14.4%</td><td>2.91</td></tr><tr><td>AP67-ARCH</td><td>11.9%</td><td>19.3%</td><td>60.5%</td><td>8.3%</td><td>5.56</td></tr><tr><td>G2</td><td>7.7%</td><td>2.4%</td><td>64.4%</td><td>25.5%</td><td>2.51</td></tr><tr><td>AP67</td><td>13.8%</td><td>15.1%</td><td>53%</td><td>18.1%</td><td>2.77</td></tr><tr><td>NS2</td><td>20.2%</td><td>38.9%</td><td>35.7%</td><td>5.2%</td><td>8.16</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_498.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Thessaloniki, Greece, e-mail: sosmirnakou@gmail.com</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece</footnote>
# APPLICATION OF EXOGENOUS ORGANIC MATTER PROMOTE SOIL FERTILITY AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION

**Rayda Chaker**, Noha Sallemi, Sameh Maktouf, Nabil Soua, Mouna Khilifi, Kamel Gargouri

Olive institue, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

Corresponding author email: raydachaker@gmail.com

## ABSTRACT

The effects of application of five organic amendments compost of manure and olive pomace (C), a palm leaf based compost (CP), a green manure derived from olive pruning waste (GW), an olive mill wastewater (OMW) and ovine manure (OM) on the rate of mineralization, sequestration of C in soil as well as on the microbial biomass content and level of selected enzymatic activities were studied. A single dose of 39 mg of organic carbon/ 100 g of soil was tested. These soils in addition with the control soil were incubated at 28 C° and a 12% of humidity for 56 days. Soil respiration, organic C and microbial biomass were measured.

Soil respiration increased in the amended soils on the first week of incubation the highest values of all studied parameters were found when OM and GM were applied. Increases in CO2 emission resulting from OM and GW amendments were strongly associated with microbial biomass content. The highest number of fungi was observed in the OM amendment while the number of bacteria was most important when GM was applied

Organic carbon and microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) were also increased in amended soils compared to the control.

Most of the parameters studied were found to be highly correlated, indicating a balanced enhancement of soil biological activity after the application of organic residues.

In conclusion, organic amendment can be a technique that sequesters carbon in soils that enhanced carbon storage in soils.

<figure><img src="image_499.png" /></figure>
# THE EFFECT OF pH IN MICROALGAL CULTURES USING BICARBONATE-ENRICHED MEDIUM

Carmela Maria Assunta Barone<fnref n="1" />, Melania Attianiese<fnref n="2" />, Anna Bagnoli<fnref n="2" />, Francesco Del Prete<fnref n="2" />, Anna Maria Martone<fnref n="2" />, Gerarda Sorrenti<fnref n="2" />, Giovanni Villani<fnref n="2" />, Giovanni Sansone<fnref n="2" />

Corresponding author email: giovanni.sansone@unina.it

## ABSTRACT

One of the most important environmental problem is the increased concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere and its effect as greenhouse gas. Different strategies to reduce this gas were suggested. One approach is the CO₂ capture through bio-mimetic traps of carbonic anhydrase which product is a bicarbonate solution. The aim of this work is to verify the behaviour of one of the most common microalgae, *Chlorella sorokiniana*, at the consumption of carbon dioxide captured in this manner and to evaluate the best conditions to encourage the use of this form of carbon. Moreover the effect of partial acidification of a common culture medium suitable for this species was investigated.

The *Chlorella* was cultured in Kuhl medium at a constant temperature of 25 °C, under constant agitation (90 bpm), and continuous light. The experimental group were: Control with 3% CO₂ (C-3%CO₂), Control without carbon (C), Not Acidified culture with bicarbonate added (NA-Bic), Acidified culture with bicarbonate added (A-Bic). Growth was followed daily through optical density for 5 days. The inoculum density was 10⁶ cells/mL. The pH of Kuhl medium for group A-Bic was 3.8 before inoculum and 6.5 after inoculum. The pH of the other groups was 8.1. Cultures of NA-Bic and A-Bic groups received for 5 days in medium, 50 g/L of bicarbonate solution for 5 min/h for 4 h/day.

Fig. 1 shows OD mean values during the experimental period. The obtained results showed that all cultures at the end of considered period had a significant growth. When Carbon was added to the culture, the growth increased and in particular *Chlorella* in NA-Bic medium always presented lower growth than *Chlorella* in A-Bic medium, with values not different from Control with 3%CO₂ (C-3%CO₂) (0.02>P>0.05). Even the culture in A-Bic medium showed values like C-3% CO₂ group.

<figure><img src="image_500.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_501.png" /></figure>

In conclusion, at this experimental conditions the cultures of microalgae *C. sorokiniana* added of carbon in different form (3%CO₂ and A-Bic) reached final OD values that revealed equal carbon uptake. The pre-acidification of medium (A-Bic) has reduced the most stressful increases of pH resulting from the addition of inorganic Carbon as bicarbonate (NA-Bic) (P<0.02) (Fig. 2).

**Acknowledgements:** The financial support by PON03_00157 *Smart Generation - Sustainable Systems and Technologies for the energy generation* is greatly appreciated.

<figure><img src="image_502.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici (NA) Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Department of Biology, Aquatic organism Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, Naples, Italy</footnote>
# EFFICACY OF PRD APPLICATION ON OLIVE TREE IN ARID CLIMATE

Lina Trabelsi, Sameh Maktouf, Mohamed Ghrab, Nabil Soua, Mouna Khlifi, Kamel Gargouri

Olive Institut, University of Sfax, PO Box 1087, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia

Corresponding author email: linatabelsi.trabelsi6@gmail.com

## ABSTRACT

The current situation in Tunisia is constrained by an increase in water demand from the agricultural sector. Water resources are limited, both in quantity and quality. Scarcity of water available for irrigation is one of the most serious problems for agriculture in arid and semi arid regions. This is the situation of the Center and South of the country, where 70% of surface water has a salinity content of more than 1.5 g/L. With regard to the state orientation policy (intensification and creation of new olive orchards under drip irrigation), Deficit irrigation system seems to be an adequate technique to improve water efficiency and to promote the irrigated-olive sector. Moreover, the regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), and especially the partial root drying (PRD) irrigation systems, maintain a good yield and improve product quality and water use efficiency.

In this context, we applied in the region of Sfax (Tunisia) a partial root-zone drying (PRD) strategy to olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Chemlali) planted at 4×4 m spacing. Three irrigation treatments i.e. PRD1 (where irrigation was applied every two weeks); PRD2 (where irrigation was applied every month); and FI (full irrigation) compared to a rainfed control. Ten trees were investigated per treatment. Yield components of the adult olive trees under the different treatments were then evaluated especially changes in endogenous sugars, Relative water content (RWC) and mineral content (Na, P, K, Ca, Cl).

Our results showed a significant difference in leaves sugars concentration varying from 29 to 106 (mg/g) respectively for FI and rainfed treatment. Moreover, high calcium concentration (3.4 %) for the PRD2 treatment was detected. Leaves phosphorus contents varied from 0.093% to 0.113% and potassium content was almost 1.03 % for all treatments.

The RWC is among the important parameters of water status of the plant and it ranged between of 79% - 81%.

Keywords: olive, PRD, water, soil, mineral nutrients, irrigation, soluble sugars

<figure><img src="image_503.png" /></figure>
# GROWTH AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL KINETIC IN WASTEWATER OF SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS, NEOCHLORIS OLEOABUNDANS AND A NATURAL MICROALGAE BLOOM

Jesús Ruiz, Zouhayr Arbib, M. Carmen Garrido-Pérez, José A. Perales

Department of Environmental Technologies, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marinas (CACYTMAR),
Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain

Corresponding author email: carmen.garrido@uca.es

## ABSTRACT

Domestic wastewaters from tertiary treatment seem to be suitable for algae growth [1], and these microorganisms have potential to play an important remediation role at this stage of the process.

The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of growth and nutrient removal from several species of microalgae ubiquitous in urban wastewater and the receiving waters. The freshwater microalgae *Scenedesmus obliquus*, *Neochloris oleoabundans* and a natural bloom of microalgae were selected for the screening. The natural bloom did not consisted on isolated species from the wastewater, but a collection of them. It is

consequently remove nutrients adequately on wastewater.

Five culture media have been tested in this work: (1) a synthetic medium Combo two-fold (named as SM_NO3); (2) a modified Combo two-fold medium, which composition is identical to Combo two-fold medium excepting the use of NH₄Cl (SM_NH4); (3) urban wastewater from a secondary effluent of a conventional wastewater treatment plant (Arcos de la Frontera WWTP, southern Spain, 25,000 inhabitants, 36°6.56"N, 5°47'37.12"O) filtered through a glass fiber filter of 0.45 µm pore diameter (WW); (4) wastewater cited in (3) enriched in NaNO₃ and K₂HPO₄ to make the nitrogen and phosphorus final concentration similar to that of Combo two-fold medium (WW+NP); and (5) modified wastewater

described in (4) with the addition of micronutrients (minerals, metals and vitamins) from synthetic medium Combo two-fold (WW+NP+M). Biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus evolution were monitored on a daily basis and the Photobiotreatment Model [2] was satisfactorily used to interpret and compare the results.

Different biomass productivities were obtained in wastewater for the species tested: 0.14, 0.06 and 0.07 g SS L⁻¹ d⁻¹ for *S. obliquus*, *N. oleoabundans* and the natural bloom respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus were completely removed in all the experiments, excepting in those reactors where pH inhibition took place. Total phosphorus removal (2 – 5 days) occurred in shorter time than total nitrogen (3 – 7 days). The natural bloom and *S. obliquus* presented the highest specific nutrient uptake rates. Moreover, *S. obliquus* was the species with the highest lipid productivity for all the culture media. Wastewater has demonstrated to be a suitable culture medium for *S. obliquus* and the natural bloom, being comparable, or even better, to synthetic medium.

## References:

1. Arbib Z., Ruiz J., Álvarez-Díaz, P, Garrido-Pérez, C., Perales, J.A. (2013) *Int. J. Phytoremediation*, 15(8), 774-88.

2. Ruiz J., Arbib Z., Alvarez-Díaz, P, Garrido-Pérez, C., Perales, J.A. (2013) *Environ Technol*, 34(5-8), 979-91.

<figure><img src="image_504.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. Biomass evolution of the algal bloom in different culture media. Symbols are experimental data and solid lines represent the predicted data according to Verhulst model.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_505.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2. Removal of total nitrogen from different culture media by the natural bloom. Symbols are experimental data and solid lines represent the Photobiotreatment Model.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_506.png" /></figure>
# ABILITY FOR PM ACCUMULATION BY BLACK ALDER TREES GROWN IN THREE SITES DIFFERING IN THE LEVEL OF EMITTED CAR EXHAUST

Helena Gawrońska, Robert Popek, Alicja Kogowska, Stanisław W. Gawroński

Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland

Corresponding author email: stanislaw_gawronski@sggw.pl

## ABSTRACT

Increasing urbanization contributes significantly to the reduction of air quality. One of the most dangerous inhaled pollutants is particular matter (PM) especially, when on PM of diameter less than 3 mm heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Fe, etc.) and organic pollutants as dibenzofurans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) deposit. Increased level of PM in inhaled air affects negatively human well-being, health and even may cause death. According to European Environment Agency life expectancy of Europeans is, on average, reduced by 8.6 months but in Benelux, Silesia and the Po Valley even up to 12-36 months. If pollutants have been emitted to the outdoor atmosphere only possible method to clean it is via environmental biotechnology - phytoremediation. It involves growing plants, on the surface of which PM is accumulated therefore plants are acting as biological filters. In this work we focused on an assessment of the potential of black alder trees (Alnus glutinosa L.) to accumulate in/on leaves particular matter, heavy metals and Cl.

Leaf samples for assessments were collected in autumn of 2013 from trees growing three sites located near MIAST within NAatura 2000 area. Trees were growing nearby roads differing in the level of car exhausts emitted to the atmosphere in results of different car traffic intensity: highly polluted (highway S8), medium polluted (state road 62) and clean site (rural road). Amount of PM accumulated on leaves were measured in two categories and three size fraction (10-100 µg·cm⁻², 2.5-10 µg·cm⁻² and 0.2-2.5 µg·cm⁻²). First the leaves were rinsed with water to wash off PM (surface PM), which under natural conditions can be washed away by rain. Next the samples were rinsed with chloroform to dissolve and wash off epicuticular waxes with immobilized particulates (in-wax PM, phytostabilized in waxes). Solutions were filtered through 3 types of filters of varying pore size. Amount of PM and waxes were determined gravimetrically and expressed in µg·cm⁻². In another experiment leaf samples were ground to powder and analyzed for: Br, Cr, Zn, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Cl concentration using XRF spectrometer Alpha 4000 (Innov-X System, USA). The potential ability of whole trees for accumulation of pollutants was estimated using allometric equations.

Amount of PM accumulated on leaves of examined trees depended on sites where they were growing being highest in those collected from trees nearby highway and lowest collected from trees nearby rural road. In all locations wPM were in greater amount than sPM. It was estimated that trees growing in distance of ~100 m from source of exhaust emission accumulate nearly twice much more than trees (of comparable crown size) growing near by the rural road (17.9 gcm⁻² vs of total 10.4 gcm⁻²). Trees growing near by the highway deposited more waxes than in the two other locations.

<figure><img src="image_507.png" /></figure>

There were also significant differences in amount of heavy metals and Cl accumulated on/in trees leaves depending on pollution level due to car traffic intensity and in trees growing nearby highway their content was in most cases highest.

Acknowledgements: The work was financially supported by Warsaw Plant Health Initiative of REGPOT in the frame of 7FP EU # 286093.

<figure><img src="image_508.png" /></figure>
# UPTAKE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT TRICLOCARBAN (TCC) IN VEGETABLE PLANTS

Girish Kasat<fnref n="1" />, Dawn Reinhold<fnref n="2" />, Khang V. Huynh<fnref n="2" />

Corresponding author email: kasatgir@msu.edu, reinho17@egr.msu.edu, khanghv@gmail.com

## ABSTRACT

TCC is antimicrobial chemical used in numerous personal care products such as soaps, lotions and toothpastes. The presence of this chemical in Waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and subsequently in biosolids and irrigation water used in agriculture has raised concerns in unintentional exposure of human health. This research aims to study the fate of TCC in vegetable plants and soil, using radio-labelled and regular TCC. The experiments were conducted for 60 days' time duration in soil columns using 5 vegetable plant; onion, potato, chili, cabbage and tomato. The TCC concentration found is biosolids and effluent WWTP water were spiked in the soil column. Radio labelled and regular TCC were tracked using Liquid scintillation column (LSC) and Liquid Chromatography -Mass Spectrophotometer (LC-MS) respectively. Prior to LSC and LC-MS, the samples will be combusted in a sample oxidizer (SO) and the resulting <sup>14</sup>C from CO<sub>2</sub> was quantified in LSC. At the same time sample from the Accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) were used to analyze the concentration of both TCC in LC-MS and LSC in its original form. The LC-MS and LSC result showed a similar kind of trend in TCC accumulation when analyzed separately for various plants, with highest accumulation in roots but however more accumulation of TCC was found in various species across the plant analyzed on LSC.

**Keywords:** biosolids, WWTP, TCC, <sup>14</sup>C-TCC, SO, ASE, LC-MS

**Acknowledgements:** The financial support by USDA-NIFA foundation program & MSU AgBioResearch and This project was initially started with a CWS venture Grant.

<figure><img src="image_509.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Biosystems Engineering, Michigan State University, USA</footnote>
# MICROALGAE TUBULAR AIRLIFT PILOT PHOTOBIOREACTOR AND HIGH RATE ALGAL POND AS TERTIARY TREATMENT OF URBAN WASTEWATER

Zouhayr Arbib, Jesús Ruiz, M. Carmen Garrido-Pérez, José A. Perales

Department of Environmental Technologies, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marinas (CACYTMAR),
Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain

Corresponding author email: carmen.garrido@uca.es

## ABSTRACT

Legislation concerning wastewater treatment is gradually becoming stricter and conventional treatments cannot perform the removal needed of certain pollutants. These new regulations are leading to enlargements and installation of new processes in wastewater treatment plants. This is the case of the regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in effluents, being needed advanced processes to accomplish the required removal and to avoid the risk of eutrophication in the receiving waters. However, the biological nutrient removal processes are costly, complex and immensely energy intensive. This technology accounts for 60-80% of energy consumption during wastewater treatment [2].

The aim of this study was to simultaneously operate and compare at pilot plant scale, the performance of a 380

liters airlift tubular photobioreactor (TBPR) and 533 liters high rate alga pond (HRAP) located in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), with the main objective of treating the effluent as a tertiary treatment for nutrient removal while enhancing algae biomass generation.

TPBR and HRAP were operated in the WWTP of Arcos de la Frontera (Southern Spain, 25,000 inhabitants, 36°6.56"N, 5°47'37.12"O) at a extreme climatic conditions for the region, from 24th October 2011 to 29th March 2012 (157 days) with the main objective of the tertiary treatment of the effluent (nitrogen and phosphorus removal) below the most restrictive limits of the European Directive [1] while generating a valuable microalgae biomass.

Regarding the areal productivity (Pa; g SS m⁻² d⁻¹), significant differences between TPBR and HRAP were appreciated, ranging between 2.5 and 3.5-folds higher in TPBR than in HRAP depending of the period of operation. The maximum Pa reached

were 8.26 ± 1.43 and 21.76 ± 0.3 g SS m⁻² d⁻¹ for HRAPS and TPBR respectively.

<figure><img src="image_510.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. Pilot photobioreactors used in this work. A and B high rate algal pond (HRAP); C and D airlift tubular photobioreactor (TPBR).</figcaption></figure>

TN removal efficiency (TNRE) during all the continuous mode period were higher in TPBR than in HRAP, being significant the differences during the different climate conditions. The average TNRE were 89.68 ± 3.12 and 65.12 ± 2.87% for TPBR and HRAP respectively.

Soluble N and P concentration in the TPBR effluent were during all experiment below the most restrictive limits of discharge of European Directive (1998) (1 mg L⁻¹ P and 10 mg L⁻¹ N), while HRAP only reached both limits when photosynthetic activity increased. Under the same conditions, the photosynthetic activity of TPBR was between 2 and 2.5-folds higher than HRAP. HRAP was greatly influenced by the radiant flux density, confirming the greater light limitation. TPBR suffered inhibition at low temperatures. The major operating disadvantage of TPBR was severe bioufouling that appeared in TPBR and affected negatively biomass generation and nutrient removal.

## References:

1. European Commission Directive, 1998. 98/15/EC of 27 February. Official Journal of the European Communities

2. Clarens, A.F., Resurreccion, E.P., White, M.A., Colosi, L.M. (2010) Environmental Science & Technology, 44(5), 1813-1819.

<figure><img src="image_511.png" /></figure>
# A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH FOR ACTINIDIA PEST MANAGEMENT

Beatrice Corsi<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Luca Riccioni<fnref n="2" />, Huub J.M. Linthorst<fnref n="3" />, Cinzia Forni<fnref n="1" />

Corresponding author email: forni@uniroma.it

## ABSTRACT

Current strategies to contain emerging diseases in growing kiwifruits involve the massive use of pesticides. Their high doses applied increase the risk of pollution with consequences to the soil fauna and human health. In order to reduce the negative impact on the environment, the European Economic Community adopted a new legislative framework on pesticides to foresee the replacement of chemical substances with natural ones. Following this European trend, the aim of this work is to improve the quality production of *Actinidia* by growing plants able to better resist pathogen infection through the use of chitosan, a natural and biodegradable, well-known elicitor of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR).

Two years old plants of yellow (*A. chinensis* Planch.) and green (*A. deliciosa* (A. Chev.) Liang & Ferguson) kiwifruits were inoculated with *Pseudomonas syringae* pv. *actinidiae*(PSA), an important and emerging threat of kiwi plants in Italy, 24 hours after soil chitosan treatment and maintained in a quarantine greenhouse. The SAR's onset was determined 2 weeks after the bacterial inoculation with the detection of plant response to the infection by biochemical analyses. In particular, to evaluate the link between chitosan and SAR, the activities of enzymes involved in biotic stress response were determined, i.e. antioxidant enzymes guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and those of phenolic compounds pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)).

According to the results, both species treated with chitosan counteracted the pathogen attack in a similar way. In fact, after elicitor application the activities of antioxidant enzymes (G-POD and APX) and of enzymes involved in strengthening plant defence barriers (PAL and PPO) were increased in both species. Moreover, the higher phenol amounts observed after the treatment further confirmed chitosan's role in eliciting plant responses against the pathogen.

Further tests on chitosan's potential as an elicitor of SAR in kiwifruit plants are in progress. A rapid method to evaluate its effect has been adopted. Following a screening of possible SAR molecular markers, two members of Pathogenesis Related Protein families (PR1 and PR5) were chosen and two primers pairs were designed for measuring *PR* gene expression. A quantitative method such as qRT-PCR will be used to quantify the elicitation induced by chitosan at the molecular level during different developmental stages of kiwi plants.

This study has shown the reliability of chitosan treatment in eliciting plant defence response and its potential in the protection against PSA. Thus chitosan might be considered a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to the traditional and hazardous pesticides for kiwi pest management, in order to reduce the number of chemical treatments.

<figure><img src="image_512.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura [Centro di Ricerca per la Patologia Vegetale (CRA-PAV)], Rome, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands</footnote>
# VARIATION OF SOIL pH AND SOIL LOSSES WITH NEUTRALIZING AGENT IN ACIDIC SLOPE AREAS

Seungjin Oh<fnref n="1" />, Hee-Sung Moon<fnref n="1" />, Minah Oh<fnref n="1" />, Chan Oh Park<fnref n="2" />, Munho Jung<fnref n="3" />, Jai-Young Lee<fnref n="1" />

Corresponding author email: leejy@uos.ac.kr

## ABSTRACT

The soil pH of mountainous areas usually indicates 4 to 5 as acidic pH in Korea. The soil losses could cause to low productivity of crops and severe acidification in mountainous areas. Moreover, turbid water by soil losses form slope can be the 2nd problem as water pollution. Therefore, this research would be showed to effect for decreasing soil losses and increasing soil pH when waste lime as neutralizing agent was applied in slope areas ; generally, neutralizing agent could be added the aggregation and decreased acidification of soil. Following table shows to the experiment condition for this research.

<table><caption>Table. Experimental condition of this research</caption><thead><tr><th>Plan</th><th></th><th>Basis of calculation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Flux</td><td>30 mm/hr</td><td>Average rainfall intensity of heavy rain period (pH 5.9)</td></tr><tr><td>Sprinkling Time</td><td>72 min</td><td>Sprinkling time considered pressure loss of pump and hose (1 time : 60 L/72 min = 0.83 L/min)</td></tr><tr><td>Sprinkling frequency</td><td>3 times</td><td>0.83 L/min * 3 times * 72 min (Total 180 L)</td></tr><tr><td>Angles</td><td>45°</td><td>Critical angle of overturning</td></tr><tr><td>Soil weight</td><td>0.5 ton</td><td>Lysimeter volume(0.4 m<fnref n="3" />) × soil bulk density (1.25 ton/m<fnref n="3" />) ※ experimental group are combined neutralizer 2% (10 kg)</td></tr><tr><td>Monitoring and Sampling</td><td>30 day</td><td>runoff : Performed daily during 0 ~ 15 days, Thereafter performed once in two days soil : 0, 10, 20, 30 day (4 times)</td></tr><tr><td>Measurement items</td><td></td><td>runoff : pH, EC, SS, Turbidity soil : pH, EC</td></tr></tbody></table>

In the result of pH from outflowing water, control group which was filled with acidic soil without waste lime showed sub-acid pH about 4~5. On the other hand, experimental group which was filled with acidic soil with waste lime indicated over pH 6. In case of soil loss test, control group had 6.4% of soil losses while experimental group had 4.57~4.87%.

**Acknowledgements:** This research has been maintained with project "Development of acid soil neutralization and amelioration technology" from Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation.

<figure><img src="image_513.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ Department of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul, Korea</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Environmental R&D Center, Korea Resource Corporation, Korea</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Mine Reclamation and Technology Center, Korea mine Reclamation Corporation, Korea</footnote>
<figure><img src="image_514.png" /></figure>

FATE & REUSE
<figure><img src="image_515.png" /></figure>
# UNDERSTANDING THE CONTAMINANT FATE OF LANDFILL LEACHATE BIOREMEDATION USING SRC WILLOW

Sian Farrar<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />, Alistair Mccracken<fnref n="1" />, John Quinn<fnref n="2" />

Corresponding author email: sfarrar01@qub.ac.uk

## ABSTRACT

Landfill leachate is formed by the percolation of rainwater through both municipal and industrial wastes. Usually containing a range of both dissolved and suspended contaminants; landfill leachate can have detrimental impact on the environment, especially aquatic systems. Northern Ireland has a particular problem with landfill leachate due to heavy precipitation combined with numerous landfills. Although recycling initiatives have reduced the amount of waste going to landfill, many landfill sites can produce leachate many years after closure. Leachate requires extremely expensive treatment to decontaminate enough to discharge. Alternative methods of leachate disposal such as phytoremediation are emerging as a more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach.

A three year study investigated the potential of using Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) willows (Salix spp.) to bio-remediate landfill leachate. The primary objective was to identify genotypes suitable for the bioremediation of leachate. A set of 120 commercial and non-commercial willow genotypes were screened in leachate at the equivalent to 45 N ha⁻<fnref n="1" /> yr⁻<fnref n="1" /> dosage rate. The growth rate of willows was measured, as was weights of above and below ground biomass. Many of commercial genotypes e.g. Nimrod and Olaf produced high yields both above and below ground with the addition of treatment; however a select number of non commercial genotypes such as 970111 produced equally healthy plants.

Once suitable genotypes were known, the next objective was to identify an appropriate dosage rate. Eight willow genotypes (Olaf, Jorrun, Germany, Endeavour, Nimrod, RR05196, 97111 and 80404) were selected to test the impact of leachate concentration using dosage rates equivalent to 0, 75,150, 225 and 300kg N ha⁻<fnref n="1" /> yr⁻<fnref n="1" />. Plants were assessed as before with the addition of plant tissue (leaves and stems) and the soil analysed (using ICP Emission Spectroscopy) for key nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and C). Six of these genotypes showed high yields at 225 and 300kg N ha⁻<fnref n="1" /> yr⁻<fnref n="1" /> and were further treated with a higher concentration (600kg N ha⁻<fnref n="1" /> yr⁻<fnref n="1" />).

With suitable genotypes and appropriate dosage rates known, a large scale runoff and leaching experiment was constructed. The objective was to address the monitoring of the amount and composition of the secondary leachate and surface runoff in the presence of willow. The data collected from this larger scale greenhouse trial will show the likelihood of environmental risks occurring when treating willow with leachate. Analysis of the runoff and leachate will indicate the fate of the leachates main contaminants. A series of boxes were constructed with the ability to collect samples, these were allocated three levels of treatment (the equivalent to 0, 300 and 600kg N ha⁻<fnref n="1" /> yr⁻<fnref n="1" />) on two types of plots. Plot type one consisted of just bare earth and plot type 2 contained willows (Olaf). All 3 treatments were given to both plot types in a randomized experiment. A simulated rainfall event occurred at monthly intervals and leaching and runoff samples were collected. Parameters analysed were pH, E.C, TON, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, sulphate and suspended solids using a photometric analyzer which is a colorimetric endpoint analysis.

<figure><img src="image_516.png" /></figure>

**Funding support:** This ANSWER (Agricultural Need for Sustainable Willow Effluent Recycling) project is part funded by the European Union's European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the INTERREG IVA Cross-border Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB).

<figure><img src="image_517.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹Sustainable Agri-Food Science Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, BT9 5PX, N. Ireland, UK</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²School Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Center, Belfast, BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK</footnote>
# WASTE WATER ECOMANAGEMENT THROUGH (ZERO ENERGY SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT) Z.E.S.T.P.

**Uday Bhan Prajapati, Shyam Singh, Shiraz A Wajih**

Department of Botany, MGPG College, Purdilpur MG Road, Gorakhpur(U.P.), India

Corresponding author email: prajapatiuday@rediffmail.com

## ABSTRACT

ZESTP (Zero Energy Sewage Treatment Plant) is a good solution to treat the sewage water. Such treatment system are well known for their high nutrient absorption capacity, simplicity, low construction, operation and maintenance cost and process stability. The dissolved oxygen level increased (72.72 %) due to photosynthetic activity. According to monitoring study, concentration based physico-chemical parameters removal efficiencies for the ZESTP was as pH (9.41%), Turbidity (84.21%), Conductivity (45.70%), Salinity (42.73%), Acidity (73.93), Free CO2 (69.31%), BOD (72.97), COD (43.80%), TSS (69.45%), TDS (16.80%), Total Hardness (62.42%), Chloride (70.70%), Cd (59.08%), Fe (50.75%) and Cu (76.68%). The development of Phytoremediation technologies for the cleanup of contaminated site is plant based and use of plant's natural ability to contain, degrade or remove toxic chemicals and pollutants from sewage water. Therefore plant can be introduced into and environment and allowed to absorb contaminates into leaves and roots. ZESTP is a cost effective and echo-friendly strategy, which can complement or replace conventional approaches. On the basis of nature of pollutants and sensitivity of plant, three aquatic macrophytes (*Eichhornia crassipes* (Mart.) Solms, *Pistia stratiotes* L. and *Hydrilla verticillata* Casp.) were selected for the present investigation. Macrophytes based wastewater treatment system have several advantage compared to conventional treatment system i.e. low operating cost, low energy requirement, they can often be established at the site where the wastewater is produced.

**Acknowledgements:** The financial support by Rockefeller foundation U.S.A./G.E.A.G. Gorakhpur-India is greatly appreciated.

<figure><img src="image_518.png" /></figure>
# EVALUATING WASTEWATER EXPORT TO LOCAL STREAMS FROM A FORESTED-MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER LAND-APPLICATION FACILITY

## Andrew Birch, Elizabeth Guthrie Nichols

North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695-8008, USA

Corresponding author email: egnichol@ncsu.edu

## ABSTRACT

Land application of wastewater to managed forests is an important treatment and disposal practice of municipal wastewater in North Carolina (USA); however, there is limited research on the net contribution of wastewater from these facilities to surface waters as well as wastewater residence time and transport pathways. This study uses stable isotope analysis of oxygen and hydrogen, chloride concentrations, hydrological gauging, and spatial watershed analyses to examine the contribution of irrigated wastewater to local stream systems. Preliminary data from a 2,000 ha wastewater treatment site in Jacksonville, NC (USA), show higher chloride concentrations and consistently more positive isotopic signatures in wastewater lagoons than precipitation and reference surface waters which provides a source signature to track through export pathways. The isotopic signatures for surface water and groundwater draining irrigated areas are more positive and contain higher chloride concentrations than areas without irrigation. Establishing water budgets for irrigated and non-irrigated catchments at these facilities is necessary to develop contaminant budgets for potential contaminant export of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in order to ultimately determine potential health risks to humans and wildlife. This system discharges to sensitive estuary surface waters on the coast of North Carolina (USA). A separate study is evaluating the presence of these chemicals in irrigated and non-irrigated areas at this site.

**Acknowledgements:** NCSU Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina Department of Agriculture.

<figure><img src="image_519.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_520.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_521.png" /></figure>

AUTHOR INDEX
<figure><img src="image_522.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_523.png" /></figure>

AUTHOR INDEX

Abdenacceur Hassen, 363

Abiven Samuel, 319

Acosta José A., 99

Adeoye Comfort Modupeore, 87

Adeoye Gideon Olajire, 87

Adeoye-Isijola Jose Morenike, 87

Aek Aoues, 124

Agazzi Gloria, 221

Agnello Ana Carolina, 80

Aguilar Ronald, 16

Ahammed Golam Jalal, 191

Ahuja PS, 248

Aiello Rosa, 45

Alfaro Javier, 117

Algreen Mette, 332

Ali Shafaqat, 101, 345

Ali Qasim, 345

Alifragkis Dimitrios, 176

Allam Nivien, 229

Al-Mailem Dina M., 346

Almeida C. Marisa R., 152, 210, 255

Aloupi Maria, 314

Álvarez-López Vanessa, 11, 96, 100, 218

Alybayeva Ravilya, 156

Amandine Bonet, 162

Amaria Belarbi, 161

Amountzias I., 300

Andrejiová Alena, 113

Andreotti Federico, 255

Androutsopoulos A., 299

Anielska Teresa, 268

Ansari Abid Ali, 341

Antizar-Ladislao Blanca, 85

Antoniadis Vasilios, 347

Aoumeur H., 124

Aravind R., 136

Arbib Zouhayr, 381, 384

Arnot Jon, 330

Arsenov Danijela, 119

Artetxe Unai, 241

Aryal Niroj, 16

Asimi Oyas Ahmed, 359, 372

Asrandina Saltanat, 156

Assad Mohamad, 9

Assunta Barone Carmela Maria, 379

Atabayeva Saule, 156

Atagana Harrison I., 223

Attianiese Melanie, 379

Augustynowicz Joanna, 56, 125, 163

Ausland Hayden, 351

Avelar Ferreira Paulo Ademar, 285

Bagarello Vincenzo, 45

Bagnoli Anna, 379

Baizhumanova R., 203

Bajcan Daniel, 146

Bakoto Rémi, 82

Bani A., 95

Bantis Filippos, 374

Barbagallo Salvatore, 34, 50

Barbato Marta, 225

Bardos Paul, 358

Basile Adriana, 334

Bassi Paola, 334

Basto M. Clara P., 152

Bauer Rolene, 320

Bayona Josep M, 51

Becerril José Mª, 241

Beck Henrike, 35

Beckers Bram, 217

Begin Jean-Claude, 302

Beisenova Ayzhan, 156

Belchenko Ludmila, 74

Belo Alessandra Ferreira, 26

Ben Aissa Nadhira, 363

Bendaou Najib, 81

Bender Rebecaa, 16

Benito Garazi, 241

Benizri Emile, 69

Benkova Michaela, 131

Benyamini Eran, 172

Benzarti Saoussen, 135

Beriozkin Anna, 78

Bernal Mª Pilar, 112

Bernal María, 141

Bernard Vanheusden, 277

Berner Jacques, 102

Bert Valérie, 9, 10, 11, 20, 360

Berthelin Jacques, 311

Berthelot Charlotte, 9

Bertrand Ana, 107, 117

Bes Clémence, 112

Bharti V.S., 136

Bhatnagar Sharad, 248

Biagiotti Damiano, 307

Bien January, 318

Bilkis Itzhak, 172

Bingöl Deniz, 264

Birch Andrew, 391

Bircher S., 4

Blain Natalie, 195

Blanco Fernando, 241

Blaudez Damien, 9, 211, 368

Böcük Harun, 104

<figure><img src="image_524.png" /></figure>
Bogusz Didier, 81
Bojnanska Tatiana, 131
Bonaldi Daiane Silva, 285
Bonet Amandine, 72
Bonomo Robson, 26
Borin Sara, 221, 225
Borišev Milan, 119, 126
Borisova G.G., 336
Borowik Agata, 128
Boucard Pierre, 20
Bouchardon Jean Luc, 97
Bouquet Dorine, 13
Bradfield Scott, 251
Braeckevelt Mareike, 53
Brahim Lotmani, 161
Branca Ferdinando, 34
Braud Armelle, 13, 94
Brem Anette, 319
Břendová Kateřina, 290
Brentnall Andrew S., 182
Březinová Tereza, 42
Brighu Urmila, 43
Broholm Mette, 332
Bruce Neil C., 181, 182
Brun Jean-Jacques, 311
Bryanskaya Alla, 74
Budak Fuat, 144, 269
Budak Dilek, 269
Burges Aritz, 241
Burken Joel, 331, 337
Bystricka Judita, 139, 146

Cabriolu Mario, 118
Caetano Cátia, 255
Campiotti Carlo Alberto, 307
Can Chen, 103
Card M.L., 4
Cardi Manuela, 158, 335
Carleer Robert, 154, 234
Carrizosa Ignacio Guzmán, 367
Cary Timothy J., 181
Casanova Alba, 92
Casares Abelardo, 107
Casti Mauro, 118
Castiglia Daniela, 158, 335
Castiglione Stefano, 167
Castillo Omar S., 39
Castorina Alessandro, 34
Cavirani Nicola, 308
Cazaux David, 211
Céline Faugeron, 162
Chaillou Mathieu, 360
Chaker Rayda, 378
Chalot Michel, 9, 211, 368
Chaniotakis Nikolaos, 325
Charalambides Alexandros G., 55
Chatzissavvidis C., 110

Chen Yi, 52
Cherif Hanene, 225
Chhabra Sagar, 195
Chieh Chan Derek Juinn, 263, 316
Chien Mei-Fang, 147
Chin Y-P., 4
Chovancova Martina, 224, 284
Christofilopoulos Stavros, 62, 63, 344
Chroni Christina, 370
Chukina N.V., 336
Ciarkowska Krystyna, 137
Cicatelli Angela, 167
Cicova Iveta, 131
Cioranu C., 114
Cirelli Giuseppe L., 34, 50
Claus Diana, 46, 173
Clemente Rafael, 112
Čmolík Václav, 201
Coletta James, 16
Collet Serge, 360
Colo Josip, 376
Comino Elena, 60, 65
Consoli Simona, 34, 50
Conte Barbara, 21, 167
Contreras Samuel, 106
Cornelis Erwin, 371
Cornu Jean-Yves, 82, 94
Corsi Beatrice, 385
Costa Rejane H.R., 29
Cotelle Sylvie, 368
Croes Sarah, 154, 231
Cundy Andrew, 10, 358
Cundy Andy, 11, 96
Cvečková Magdalena, 155
Czech Tomasz, 108, 137

D'Souza Rohan, 164
Daffonchio Daniele, 221, 225
Dalmiglio Matteo, 254
Daniell Angelique, 12
Darakas Efthymios, 176
Daskalakis G., 36, 323, 324
Davies-Colley Rob, 54
Davis L.C., 121
Davis Lawrence C., 313
de Almeida Mohedano Rodrigo, 29
De Angelis Paolo, 28, 198
de Bustamante Irene, 14
De Freitas Renato, 195
De La Torre-Roche Roberto, 252, 256, 258, 292
De Lillo Alessia, 158, 335
de Lorenzo Víctor, 212
de Melo Rangel Wesley, 285
de Miguel Angel, 14
de Oliveira Longatti Silvia Maria, 285
de Souza Moreira Fatima Maria, 285
Dejardin Annabelle, 283

<figure><img src="image_525.png" /></figure>
Dejonghe Winnie, 371
Del Prete Francesco, 379
Delgratta Florence, 360
Demir Sevgi, 144
Demnerova Katerina, 224
Denisyuk Maria, 74
Denyes Mackenzie J., 353
Dépernet Clément, 94
Desjardins Dominic, 149
Dettenmaier Erik, 330
Dhankher Om Parkash, 145, 260, 274
Dhyevre Adrien, 368
Di Bonito Rita, 307
Di Cori Patrizia, 58
Di Domenico Camila, 106
Dialynas E., 323
Diamadopoulos Evan, 33
Dickinson Nicholas, 245
Dietze Helmut, 173
Dimitriou Jioannis, 11
Dimitriou Jannis, 360
Dimitroula Helen, 59, 233
Ding Linlin, 226
Dixit Anirudha, 274
Domínguez José Luis, 39
Doni Serena, 15, 197
Doucette Bill, 330
Drasar Pavel, 187
Dubicka-Lisowska Aleksandra, 125
Dubrovskaya Ekaterina, 215
Dunst Gerald, 291
Dupuy Joan, 175
Durickovic Ivana, 343

Ebbs Stephen, 247, 251, 259, 267
Echevarria Guillaume, 69
Echevarria G., 95
Eevers Nele, 217
Efthimiadou Sissy, 373
Eghbalinejad Mahleh, 185
Ein-Gal Oz, 78
Eissa Mamdouh Alsayed, 342
El Din Mahmoud Alaa, 364
El Mehdawi Ali F., 71, 242
El Mehdiwi Ali Farag, 244
El Mzibri Mohammed, 81
Elgharably Ahmed, 229
Elgharably Galal, 229
Eliyas Mohamed, 346
Endo Ginro, 40, 140, 147
English Marshall J., 47
Enne Roberto, 118
Epelde Lur, 241
Erdogan Reyhan, 269
Ergin Sergul, 144
Erickson Larry E., 313
Eris Atilla, 144

Escolástico Consuelo, 105
Esposito Giovanni, 80
Esposito Sergio, 158, 335
Evangelou Michael W.H., 319
Expósito Camargo Jose A., 85

Fahr Mouna, 81
Faisal Muhammad, 237, 244
Fanou Corina, 370
Farid Mujahid, 101, 345
Farrar Sian, 389
Faugeron Céline, 72
Faul Cindy, 102
Faure Olivier, 97
Favas Paulo J.C., 129, 160, 164
Fawzy Manal, 364
Faz Ángel, 99
Fellet Guido, 295
Fernández Daniel, 117
Fernández Diego Cicero, 85
Fernández Espinosa Antonio José, 367
Fernández Manuel Peña, 85
Fernández Navarro J.J., 369
Fernández-Fuego Daniel, 107
Fernández-Miranda Elena, 107
Ferraro Marina, 334
Ferrer Ivet, 51
Fessl Jakob, 291
Ficko Sarah, 329
Filho Alberto Cargnelutti, 26
Filho Paulo Belli, 29
Fine Pinchas, 78
Fiorenza Stephanie, 27
Fiorucci Adriano, 60
Fontaine Joël, 183
Forni Cinzia, 58, 385
Foulon Julie, 9, 211
Fountoulakis M., 36, 315, 324
Fountoulakis Michalis, 63
Franchi Elisabetta, 221
Frantík Tomáš, 201, 232
Freitas Eriberto, 77
Friesl-Hanl Wolfgang, 11, 96, 291
Frontasyeva Marina, 333
Frymus Marta, 235
Fu Zheng yi, 366
Fujiwara Ami, 361
Fuksa Pavel, 326

Gaëlle Saladin, 162
Gajewski Zbigniew, 108, 163
Galazka Rafal, 96
Galende Maria, 11
Galland William, 11
Galliou F., 324
Galvez-Cloutier Rosa, 49
Ganoulis Iakovos, 176

<figure><img src="image_526.png" /></figure>
Garbisu Carlos, 241

García Ángeles, 105

García Joan, 51

García Pilar, 84

García-Agustín Pilar, 114

García-Salgado Sara, 275

Gardea-Torresdey Jorge, 258

Gargouri Kamel, 378, 380

Garofolo M., 48

Garrido-Pérez M. Carmen, 41, 381, 384

Gattringer Heinz, 90

Gaudin Pierre, 13

Gawronska Helena, 75, 122, 382

Gawronski Stanisław Waldemar, 75, 213

Gawroński Stanisław W., 122, 235, 382

GenoRem Research Team, 18

Georgiou Anastatios, 370

Germida Jim, 195

Gerth André, 46, 173

Ghanotakis Dimitrios, 325

Ghrab Mohamed, 380

Giagnacovo Germina, 307

Giannakoula A., 110

Giavasis I., 362

Gibson Neil, 254

Gielen Marijke, 217

Gilmore Steve, 17

Giovannelli Valeria, 276

Girardclos Olivier, 9

Gjindali Armida-Irine, 325

Glaeser Lilyan, 247

Gloaguen Vincent, 72

Godínez Hernández María Isabel, 214

Goel Rakesh, 248

Gomes Carlos Rocha, 210, 255

Gomes Eduardo, 320

Gómez María Dolores, 99

Goniotaki Maria, 116

González Aida, 107, 117

Gonzalez Emmanuel, 157

González Luís, 92, 123

González Rogelio Carrillo, 209, 214, 304

González Chávez Ma. del Carmen A., 209, 214, 304

González-Portela Erik, 39

Gopichand, 248

Gorbunov Anatoliy, 333

Gorelova Svetlana, 333

Grandi Maria Cristina, 64

Greer Charles, 211

Griga Miroslav, 155

Grison Claude, 356

Grobelak Anna, 19, 318

Grosser William, 173

Grunwald Yael, 172

Guarino Carmine, 21, 167

Guesmi Amel, 225

Gui-fang Fan, 103

Guimarães Guilherme Luiz Roberto, 273, 354

Gulati Arvind, 248

Gulen Hatice, 144, 269

Gulkaduwa M.B., 121

Gunning Vanda, 182

Gupta D.K., 132

Gutiérrez Raquel, 51

Hakl Josef, 326

Hamadouche N. Ait, 124

Hamdi Helmi, 135, 252, 256

Hamidovic Saud, 376

Han Gwang Hyun, 150

Hanc Ales, 88

Hanus-Fajerska Ewa, 108, 125, 137

Hao Han zhou, 366

Harangozo Lubos, 139

Hass Amir, 78

Hatano Tomonobu, 352

Hawthorne Joseph, 252, 256, 258, 292

Hazel Dennis W., 322

Hazotte Alice, 13

Headley Tom R., 38

Hebner Anja, 173

Hechmi Nejla, 363

Hegedűs Ondrej, 113

Hegedúsová Alžbeta, 113

Helgason Bobbi, 195

Hernández Víctor J., 39

Herzig Rolf, 11, 360

Hettiarachchi G., 121

Hettiarachchi Ganga, 313

Hocher Valérie, 81

Hoefer Christoph, 93, 291

Hohm Sean, 57

Hola Dana, 187

Holliger Christof, 320

Holmes Amanda, 337

Holzwarth Uwe, 254

Hoppenbrouwers Marianne, 277

Hou Jinyu, 226

House Melissa, 247

Houzelot V., 95

Hrochova Iva, 224

Hu Pengjie, 5, 86

Huang Yi, 40, 140, 147

Huang Lingfeng, 236

Hudcova Tereza, 178

Huguenot David, 80

Hurter Bea, 246

Hussain Imran, 194

Hussein Rasha H., 375

Huynh Khang V., 383

Iatrou Evangelia I., 314

Ilić Zorana Hrkić, 126

<figure><img src="image_527.png" /></figure>
Ilzarbe Ripoll I., 369
Imperiale Davide, 253, 265, 308
Inagaki Yoshihiko, 361
Inoue Chihiro, 40, 140, 147
Iordanopoulos-Kisser Monika, 90
Iovino Massimo, 45
Irfan R., 109
Isleyen Mehmet, 180
Ismael Dalaram S., 153

Jagetiya Bhagawatilal, 166
Jahn Courtney E., 244
Jambon Inge, 234
Jamil Muhammad, 227
Janssen Jolien, 11, 154
Janssen Jolien Olga, 360
Janssen Paul, 83
Jaryan Vikrant, 248
Jasińska Agnieszka, 88
Jedidi Naceur, 363
Jian-long Wang, 103
Jo Woori, 296
Johnston Emily J., 182
Joly Simon, 157
Joussein Emmanuel, 72
Jung Munho, 386
Just Craig, 351
Juwarkar Asha A., 23, 24, 44, 159, 216, 230

Kacprzak Malgorzata, 318
Kadaverugu Rakesh, 44
Kadri Hafssa, 206
Kaestner Matthias, 35
Kalburtji Kiriaki L., 312
Kalisz Mariusz, 332
Kalogerakis N., 36
Kalogerakis Nicolas, 55, 59, 61, 62, 63, 76, 220, 233, 344
Kalugin S., 203
Kamlar Marek, 187
Kang Bomin, 150
Kang Yun Chan, 151
Kapsali T., 300
Karatzas George, 76
Karer Jasmin, 291
Karimi Battle, 9, 211
Karlson Ulrich Gosewinkel, 120
Kasat Girish, 383
Kästner Matthias, 53
Kaszycki Paweł, 125
Kavalcova Petra, 146
Kazimirova Lucia, 286
Kebert Marko, 119
Kellner Klaus, 115
Kenzhebayeva Saule, 156
Kern Meaghan, 266
Khasa Damase P., 22

Khilifi Mouna, 378
Khlifi Mouna, 380
Kidd Petra, 10, 11, 96, 100, 218
Kikovic Dragan, 376
Kim Dongwook, 142, 150, 151
Kim Jae Young, 142
Kim Tae-Su, 151
Kiselyova Irina, 165
Kisser Johannes, 90
Kitajima Nobuyuki, 140
Kocova Marie, 187
Kogowska Alicja, 382
Kokkinou I., 300
Kolbas Aliaksandr, 11
Kolton Anna, 163
Komárek Michael, 264
Kornaros M., 315
Kotsiris G., 299, 300
Kotzabasis Kiriakos, 325
Kozempel Ján, 89, 254
Kreuzeder Andreas, 218
Krivosej Zoran, 376
Krupanek Janusz, 332
Kumar Pawan, 251, 267
Kumpiene Jurate, 10
Kurzawova Veronika, 284
Kuschk Peter, 35, 53
Kyjáková Pavlína, 133
Kyzioł-Komosińska Joanna, 56

Labrecque Michel, 18, 149, 157, 206
Lachman Jaromir, 139
Laffontas Chloé, 11
LaFreniere Lorraine M., 17
Lalevic Blazo, 376
Landa Přemysl, 257
Lapeña Leonor, 114
Laplaze Laurent, 81
Lasaridi K., 315
Lasek Wojciech, 56
Lassaridi Katia, 370
Laubie B., 95
Lazaridou Theano, 305, 306
Le Thi Van Anh, 283
Lebeau Thierry, 13, 94
Leclerc Elodie, 13
Lee Eunjin, 150
Lee Jai-Young, 296, 386
Lee Jung-Kul, 151
Leglize Pierre, 175
Leigh Mary Beth, 190
Lemaître Patrick, 360
Lencioni Giacomo, 308
Lenoir Ingrid, 183
Lentini Marco, 158, 335
Leontopoulos S.V., 362
Leshukova Ludmila, 165

<figure><img src="image_528.png" /></figure>
Levizou Efthimia, 347
Leys Natalie, 83
Leyval Corinne, 9, 311
Li Zhu, 86
Liberati Dario, 198
Licciardello Feliciana, 34
Licht Lou, 351
Licht Louis A., 47, 184
Lilli Maria, 76
Lillo Javier, 14
Limmer Matt, 331, 337
Linthorst Huub J.M., 385
Liu Hong, 260
Liu Wuxing, 5, 226
Lobo Mª Carmen, 84, 231
Loizia Pantelitsa, 370
Long Stephanie, 145
Loppinet-Serani Anne, 360
Loupasaki Eleftheria, 33
Lovecka Petra, 286
Ludlow Amanda, 57
Luković Jadranka, 126
Luo Yongming, 5, 86, 179, 226
Luo Yuanrong, 236
Lütke L., 132
Luttmer Carol, 329
Lyapunov Sergey, 333
Lydakis-Simantiris Nikos, 116

Ma Chuanxin, 145
Ma Chuanxin, 260
Ma Xingmao, 251, 256, 258, 259, 267
Macci Cristina, 15, 197
Macek Tomas, 187, 284, 286
Macias Felipe, 11
Macías-García Felipe, 100
Mackay Stephen, 320
Maestri Elena, 276
Mahler Claudio F., 92, 123
Majumdar Sanghamitra, 258
Makridis Ch., 362
Maktouf Sameh, 378, 380
Malarz J., 262
Małecka-Przybysz Monika, 213
Maleva M.G., 336
Malook Ijaz, 227
Mamolos Andreas P., 312
Manara P., 321
Manier Nicolas, 20
Manios Thrassyvoulos, 36, 63, 315, 324
Manios V., 323
Manley Paul V. II, 188
Manousaki Eleni, 59, 233, 344
Mapelli Francesca, 221, 225
Marafie Mais, 346
Maragkaki A.E., 315, 324
Marasco Ramona, 221, 225

Marchand Lilian, 97
Marchiol Luca, 261, 295
Margitanova Eva, 131
Markakis N., 324
Markowski Juliusz, 235
Marmiroli M., 279
Marmiroli Marta, 253, 265, 308
Marmiroli N., 279
Marmiroli Nelson, 253, 265, 276, 308
Marneri M., 323
Márquez Sahuquillo M.J., 369
Marsik Petr, 178
Martín Isabel, 14
Martínez-Fernández Domingo, 264
Martínez-García Esteban, 212
Martínez-Martínez Silvia, 99
Martins Gabriel Caixeta, 273, 354
Martone Anna Maria, 379
Marzo Alessia, 45
Masaguer Alberto, 105
Masciandaro Grazia, 15, 197
Massacci Angelo, 64
Matamoros Víctor, 51
Matějka Pavel, 201
Mattiello Alessandro, 261, 295
Mavromatis Athanasios, 305
McCracken A., 48
Mccracken Alistair, 389
McEachran Andrew, 174
McGrath J., 48
McKergow Lucy A., 54
McNear Jr David H., 84
McSorley Kaitlin, 289
Meena RL, 248
Meers Erik, 278, 371
Melis Anastasios, 325
Mench Michel, 3, 10, 11, 20, 96, 97, 100, 277, 358, 360
Mendelsohn Robert O., 278
Mendoni Eleni, 347
Menegatti Stefania, 60
Menexes George C., 312
Mengarelli Joni, 121, 313
Mesa Victoria, 117
Meshram Jyotsna S., 159
Mesjasz-Przybylowicz Jolanta, 86
Michalodimitraki Eleni, 63
Michoglou Aristidis, 325
Michos Marios, 312
Mihalik Jan, 148
Milani Mirco, 50
Millán R., 127
Ming Lei, 294
Mingorance Mª Dolores, 367
Minocha Rakesh, 145
Misra Rashmi R., 216
Mitter Eduardo, 195

<figure><img src="image_529.png" /></figure>
Miyauchi Keisuke, 40, 140, 147

Mohri Shino, 135

Moliner Ana, 105

Montalbán Blanca, 231

Montella Carlo, 21

Monterroso Carmela, 218

Moon Hee-Sung, 386

Morel J.L., 95

Morel Jean-Louis, 302

Morrison Kendra Ann, 180

Moťková Kateřina, 200

Mrnka Libor, 201, 232

Mu Ruipu, 331

Mucha Ana Paula, 210, 255

Mueller Jochen A, 35

Mueller Ingo, 358

Mueller Mike, 76

Muganza Munyololo, 365

Mukherjee Shinjini, 196

Muller Irma, 115

Müller Ingo, 11

Müller Jochen A., 53

Müller Roland A., 53

Muller Serge, 368

Muratova Anna, 215

Musante Craig, 145, 260

Musetti Rita, 261, 295

Musilová Janette, 139, 146, 113, 153

Musilova Lucie, 224

Muszyńska Ewa, 108, 137

Mutiyar Pravin K., 43

Nagahashi Shoichi, 361

Najmanová Jana, 133

Nanekar Sneha V., 230

Nascimento Clístenes, 77

Navarro J.J Fernández, 114

Navarro-Aviñó Juan, 114

Navarro-Aviñó J.P., 369

Navazas Alejandro, 117

Naz Tayybah, 227

Nektarios P.A., 299, 300

Neu Silke, 11, 360

Newman Lee A., 57, 256, 258

Ng Bee Wah, 263, 316

Nguyen Christophe, 82

Nguyen Quyen, 181

Nichols Elizabeth Guthrie, 174, 322, 391

Nikolaidis Nikolaos, 62, 76

Nikolaki Antigoni, 325

Nikolić Nataša, 119

Nisiforou Olympia, 55

Nissim Werther Guidi, 149

Nittolo Claudia, 167

Nivalla Jaime, 53

Nogues Iniesta José Alfredo, 214

Novakova Martina, 224, 284

Novo Luís A.B., 92, 123

Ntoulas N., 300

Nurzhanova A., 203

Nydrioti E., 300

Nzukizi Mudumbi John Baptist, 365

Obata Kazuki, 147

Obed Ntwampe Seteno Karabo, 365

Ogar A., 262

Ogar Anna, 268

Ogra RK, 248

Oh Minah, 296, 386

Oh Seungjin, 296, 386

Okina Olga, 333

Okonkwo Okechukwu Jonathan, 365

Olguín Eugenia J., 39

Oliveira Marcelo Antônio, 26

Oliveira Tânia, 210

Onishi Viviani C., 123

Ono Yoshiro, 135

Onwubuya Kenechukwu, 358

Orfanidis Sotiris, 55

Orlović Saša, 119

Ortelan Bruno Passigatto, 26

Ortelan Tenis Luis Henrique, 26

Osibanjo Oladele, 87

Ouros Amandine, 302

Oustrière Nadège, 11, 97

Ouvrard Stéphanie, 175

Ouzari Imene, 225

Pacek Lukas, 326

Pagano Luca, 253, 265

Pajević Slobodanka, 119

Pal Asim Kumar, 359, 372

Palazzo Antonio J., 181

Pandey P.K., 136

Pankou Chryssanthi, 305, 306

Papadaki A., 324

Papazi Aikaterini, 325

Papazoglou Eleni G., 317

Paranychianakis Nikolaos, 61

Pardo Tania, 112

Paresh Rathod, 78

Parisien Michele, 243

Park Chan Oh, 386

Park Jason, 38

Park Jongchan, 150

Park Seong-Kyu, 296

Parkash Om, 248

Parrella Serena, 167

Pascaud Grégoire, 72

Passatore Laura, 64

Paul Manoj S., 164

Pavelková Michaela, 155

Pavlík Milan, 133

Pavlíková Daniela, 133

<figure><img src="image_530.png" /></figure>
Pawar RR, 248
Pecio Monika, 96
Peene Andy, 371
Peirone Eugenia, 28
Peláez Anabel, 117
Peña Aránzazu, 367
Perales José A., 41, 381, 384
Perea Vélez Yazmin Stefani, 214
Pereira Andrea, 92
Pérez-Esteban Javier, 105
Pérez-Sanz Araceli, 84, 231
Pernyeszi Tímea, 113
Peruzzi Eleonora, 15, 197
Perveen Salma, 227
Petersen Jan, 332
Petousi I., 324
Petr Soudek, 134
Petropoulos Spyridon, 347
Petrotos K., 362
Petroulea Vassiliki, 325
Petrouleas Vassileios, 325
Phiniketou Valentina, 171
Picorel Rafael, 141
Pidlisnyuk Valentina, 313
Pidre Juan Ramón, 14
Pigoni V., 279
Pilate Gilles, 283
Pilipović Andrej, 119
Pilo Marinus, 70
Pilon Marinus, 141
Piloni Sara, 28
Pilon-Smits Elizabeth A.H., 71, 224, 242, 244
Pintore Manuela, 58
Pires Fábio Ribeiro, 26
Pitre Frédéric E., 149, 157, 206
Piwowarczyk Barbara, 125
Pizarro Gonzalo, 106
Placek Agnieszka, 19
Plasari E., 95, 262
Plażuk Ewa, 268
Podlipná Radka, 200, 257
Polychroni E., 299
Popek Robert, 122, 382
Pošćić Filip, 261
Pottier Mathieu, 283
Potts Jennifer R., 182
Pozdnyakova Natalia, 215
Pradas del Real Ana E., 84
Prajapati Uday Bhan, 390
Pratas João, 129, 160, 164
Pretorius Jacobus M., 301
Pribylova Marie, 178
Prieto-Fernández Ángeles, 100, 218
Procópio Sergio Oliveira, 26
Provaznik Ivo, 189
Przybylowicz Wojciech Jozef, 86
Przybysz Arkadiusz, 213

Pšondrová Šárka, 89
Pulkkinen Pertti, 196
Purushothaman C.S., 136
Puschenreiter Markus, 10, 11, 93, 96, 100, 218,
291, 358, 360

Quijano M. Ángeles, 275
Quinn John, 389
Quintera-Sabaris Celestino, 11

Radoglou Kalliopi, 355, 374, 377
Radwan Ahmed, 364
Radwan Samir, 346
Raghunathan Karthik, 44
Raicevic Vera, 376
Raisi Louiza, 116
Raj Anshita, 228
Rajkumar M., 136
Ramachandran Priyadharshini, 151
Rámila Consuelo, 106
Rand Andrew, 365
Reichenauer Thomas G., 194
Reimer Ken, 329
Reinhold Dawn, 16, 383
Reis Izabela, 210
Reisi E., 300
Renella Giancarlo, 11
Renjie Dong, 294
Reynolds Jason, 224
Rha Eui Shik, 227
Riaz G., 109
Riccioni Luca, 385
Richer Carine, 360
Richterova Klara, 224
Riggio Vincenzo, 60
Riis Charlotte E., 332
Rocha A. Cristina S., 152
Rodolphe Gaucher, 277
Rodrigues dos Reis Andre, 361
Rodrigues Paula, 210, 255
Rodríguez Yolanda, 51
Rodríguez-Alonso J., 127
Rodríguez-Garrido Beatriz, 100
Roe Caroline, 17
Rolli Eleonora, 221, 225
Romagnolli Floriana, 64
Romanova Tamara, 74
Roozeboom Kraig, 313
Rosikon Karolina, 318
Rossini Oliva Sabina, 367
Rosso Maurizio, 65
Rothova Olga, 187
Roupakias Demetrios G., 305, 306
Rovas D., 293
Roy Samuel, 49
Roy Sébastien, 9
Roy Sudeep, 189

<figure><img src="image_531.png" /></figure>
Rozpadek P., 262

Rozpadek Piotr, 268

Ruban Véronique, 302

Rue Marie, 69

Ruiz Jesús, 381, 384

Ruttens Ann, 278

Rutter Allison, 243, 289, 329, 353

Rylott Elizabeth L., 181, 182

Sahraoui Anissa Lounès-Hadj, 183

Sahu Norattam Puri, 359, 372

Sailaukhanuly Y., 203

Sakakibara Yutaka, 361

Saladin Gaëlle, 72

Salajkova Sarka, 187

Salas Juan José, 14

Sallemi Noha, 378

Salonikioti Anastasia, 347

Sampathianakis J., 324

Sanakis Ioannis, 325

Sánchez-Galván Gloria, 39

Sánchez-López Ariadna, 209

Sancho Diana, 141

Sansone Giovanni, 379

Santana Alvarenga Ingrid Fernanda, 273, 354

Santner Jakob, 93, 218

Sarafi E., 110

Sarangi Bijaya Ketan, 73

Šárka Petrová, 134

Sarsenbayev Batyrbek, 156

Sauvêtre Andrés, 222

Savo-Sardaro M.L., 279

Sawidis Thomas, 176

Schiewer Silke, 190

Schmidt Christoph S., 232

Schnable Bill, 190

Schnoor J.L., 4

Schnoor Jerald, 266

Schröder Peter, 222

Schulin Rainer, 319

Schwager Julie, 302

Schwitzguébel Jean-Paul, 186, 320

Sciarillo Rosaria, 21, 167

Sconocchia Andrea, 198

Sconocchia Paolo, 28, 198

Sedivy Robert A., 17

Seeger Eva M., 35

Seiderer Michael, 98

Seisenbai Ch., 203

Selokar Komal, 44

Servin Alia D., 292

Sessitsch Angela, 194

Sevim Pinar, 204

Shah Gulmeena, 227

Shakoor Muhammad Bilal, 101

Sharma Ashok, 189

Sharma Gargi, 43

Sharma Jitendra K., 216

Shea Damian, 174

Shi Honglan, 331

Shi-zhong Li, 103

Shubiao Wu, 294

Shukla S.P., 136

Shunthirasingham Chuba, 330

Shuvaeva Olga, 74

Siddiqui Azeem Uddin, 44

Siebielec Grzegorz, 11, 96

Sierra M.J., 127

Silva Fernando Bruno, 77

Silva Wildson, 77

Sima Nayer-Azam Khosh Kholgh, 185

Simon Kizito, 294

Simonnot M.O., 95

Simonnot Marie-Odile, 343

Singh AK, 248

Singh Jaspreet, 248

Singh Lal, 24

Singh Nandita, 228

Singh Ranjeet, 248

Singh RD, 248

Singh Sanjeev Kumar, 23, 159

Singh Shyam, 390

Sinke Anja, 37

Sipilä Timo, 196

Sivitskaya Veranika, 202

Šlosár Miroslav, 113

Smirnakou Sonia, 355, 377

Smouni Abdelaziz, 81

Smrček Stanislav, 89, 254

Smýkalová Iva, 155

Soja Gerhard, 194, 291

Song Jing, 5

Soni Garima, 189

Sood Anil, 248

Sorrenti Gerarda, 379

Soua Nabil, 378, 380

Soubrand Marilyne, 72

Soudek Petr, 178, 257

Sounderajan Suvarna, 168

Spada Valentina, 21, 167

Sparrow Helen, 182

Srivastava Shubhi, 228

Srivastava Sudhakar, 168

Stafanakis Dimitrios, 325

Staicu Lucian, 224

Stalder Marcel, 332

Stanovic Radovan, 131, 146

Starsman Jessica, 190

Stasinakis Athanasios S., 314

Stasinou Niovi, 61

Stauffer Marie, 311

Stefanakis Alexandros I., 37

Stefanovska Tetyana, 313

Sterckeman Thibault, 175

<figure><img src="image_532.png" /></figure>
Stojakowska A., 262
Stoknes Ketil, 88
Stolberg Felix, 176
Stott Rebecca, 54
Strand Stuart E., 181
Strijakova Elena R., 199
Suaire Rémi, 343
Suchkova Nataliia, 176
Sugawara Kazuki, 140
Sukias James P.S., 38, 54
Suprasanna Penna, 168
Syranidou Evdokia, 220, 233, 344
Syrovatka Jiri, 178
Száková Jiřina, 130, 290

Tabinda A.B., 109
Tack Filip, 278, 371
Tajuddin Ramlah Mohd, 205
Tang Caixian, 226
Tanner Chris C., 38, 54
Tarkowska Dana, 187
Tatarina Natalya, 313
Tauqeer Hafiz Muhammad, 345
Tawussi F., 132
Tel-Or Elisha, 58, 172
Teng Ying, 5, 179
Thawale Prashant R., 23, 24, 44
Therios I., 110
Thijs Sofie, 213
Thiravetyan Paitip, 193
Thomaidis Nikos S., 314
Thomas Frank, 27
Thomine Sébastien, 283
Thullner Martin, 37
Timoracká Mária, 153
Tiwari Sarita, 73
Tlustoš Pavel, 130, 290, 326
Toh Pey Yi, 263, 316
Tomar Parul, 274
Tomas Jan, 146
Tomáš Vaněk, 134
Toscano Attilio, 45, 50
Toth Tomas, 131
Touceda-González María, 100
Touloupakis Eleftherios, 325
Trablesi Lina, 380
Trapp Stefan, 120, 332
Trasar-Cepeda Carmen, 100
Trebichalsky Pavol, 139, 146
Treesubsuntorn Chairat, 193
Triffault-Bouchet Gaëlle, 49
Trivedi Subrata, 341
Truyens Sasha, 213
Tsangas Michalis, 357
Tsao David, 57
Tsatsarelis Constantinos A., 312
Tsiknia Myrto, 61

Tsiotis Georgios, 325
Tsiripidis Ioannis, 176
Tsuruta Takehiko, 352
Tu Chen, 5, 179
Türe Cengiz, 104
Turkovskaya Olga, 215
Turnau K., 262
Turnau Katarzyna, 268
Turner Marie F.S., 244
Tzafestas Kyriakos, 182

Udas Ambuja, 168
Ugolini Fabio, 319

Vacca Gabriela, 53
Vagner Martin, 257
Valerie Bert, 277
van Bavel Michael, 27
van Deventer Pieter W., 12, 98, 102, 115, 246, 301
van Hullebusch Eric, 80
van Passel Steven, 278, 371
van Slycken Stijn, 371
Vandenhove Hildegarde, 83
Vanek Tomas, 178, 200, 257
Vangronsveld Jaco, 11, 96, 154, 209, 212, 213, 217, 220, 231, 234, 277, 278, 285, 358, 360, 371
Vanheusden Bernard, 278
Vanhoudt Nathalie, 83
Vaňková Radomíra, 257
Varela D., 300
Vargas Castro V., 369
Varun Mayank, 164
Vasconcelos M. Teresa S.D., 152
Vasilyeva Galina K., 199
Vats SK, 248
Vennila A., 136
Vera Elena Bellido, 254
Verhoest Chrystelle, 83
Větrovcová Martina, 155
Via Stephen M., 192
Viktorova Jitka, 284, 286
Villani Giovanni, 379
Vincent Gloaguen, 162
Vischi Massimo, 261
Vitt Dale, 247
Vlk Martin, 89
Vodouhe Fifanou G., 22
Vollmannová Alena, 113, 131, 153
Volnova Beata, 139
Vosátka Miroslav, 201, 232
Voukkali Irene, 370
Voutsadaki Stella, 62
Vrbová Miroslava, 155
Vymazal Jan, 42, 52

<figure><img src="image_533.png" /></figure>
**Wagner Mario**, 291
Wajih Shiraz A, 390
Walters Katherine, 266
Walther C., 132
Wand Helmut, 53
Wang Qiang, 259
Wang Qingling, 226
Wang Yaodong, 86
Warner Camille, 57
Watteau Françoise, 302
Wawra Anna, 291
Ważny Rafał, 268
Wei Hua, 366
Weiss Markus, 46
Wen Xia, 140
Wenzel Walter W., 93, 218
West Danielle, 331
Westergaard Clausen Lauge Peter, 120
Weyens Nele, 154, 209, 212, 217, 220, 231, 234
Wężowicz K., 262
White Jason C., 145, 180, 217, 252, 256, 258, 260, 292
Whitlock Kim, 331
Wierinck Isabella, 371
Wimmer Bernhard, 194
Witters Nele, 277, 278, 358, 371
Wojciechowska Ewelina, 88
Woo Seong Min, 150
Wróbel Paweł, 163
Wrochna Mariola, 122
Wu Longhua, 5, 86
Wyszkowska Jadwiga, 128
Wyszkowski Mirosław, 128, 202

**Xing Baoshan**, 145, 256, 258, 260
Xu Wang, 103
Xynias Ioannis N., 305, 306

**Yan Y. Eugene**, 17
Yang Fang, 236
Yanitch Aymeric, 157, 206
Yasar A., 109
Yasin Muhammad, 237, 244
Yelikbayev Bakhytzhan, 25
Yergeau Etienne, 211
Yii Tai Joanna Wan, 263, 316
Yim Jaehong, 150
YiNing Yuan, 143
Young Donald R., 188, 192
Yrjälä Kim, 196
Yu Jing Quan, 191

**Zabaniotou A.**, 293, 321
Zaimoglu Zeynep, 144, 269
Zapotoczny Szczepan, 268
Zappelini Cyril, 211
Zárubová Pavla, 130

Zaxariou Georgia, 325
Zeeb Barbara A., 243, 289, 329, 353
Zehetner Franz, 291
Zemanová Veronika, 133
Zengin Muge Kesici, 144
Zhai G.S., 4
Zhai Guangshu, 266
Zhang Gengyun, 181
Zhang Haibo, 5
Zhang Long, 181
Zhang X., 95
Zhao Xin, 142
Zhebrak Inna, 268
Zhong Xue bin, 366
Zhujkova Elena, 165
Zhujkova Tatiana, 165
Ziegler Kristina, 46
Zinnatova Elvira, 165
Zinnert Julie C., 188, 192
Zisimopoulos Vasileios, 373
Żmuda-Baranowska Magdalena, 213
Zorić Lana, 126
Zornoza Raúl, 99
Zorpas Antonis A., 171, 357, 370, 373
Župunski Milan, 119

<figure><img src="image_534.png" /></figure>