This study explores the portrayal of Jews in the Holy Qur’an, examining their traits, stance toward the Islamic call, and strategies for destabilizing the Islamic state both socially and economically, alongside the Prophet’s responses to these challenges. Employing a historical methodology that organizes and analyzes source material chronologically, the research is structured into an introduction and three thematic axes: the first addresses Jewish opposition to the Prophet’s message and their attempts to undermine its authenticity; the second investigates their threat to the Islamic state; and the third analyzes their subversive tactics and financial influence. The findings underscore the persistent and multifaceted threat posed by the Jews to both the prophetic mission and the Islamic community from its earliest days in Medina, with enduring consequences for the Prophet and the broader society.