Gates, Jr. at Harvard University, and Co-principal Investigator Michael Nettles at Educational Testing Service, who made it possible; for the invaluable assistance of the students who told us about their experiences; to Nancy Brigham Cyr, Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot, Mark Harris, Lindsay Bigoness, Barbara Ruaro Vermillion, Donald Yacovone, Mai Huynh, Vera Grant, Catherine Millett, Ashley Blake, Ava Nemes, Jocelyn Eastman, Diane Ghogomu, Nikki Gerrard, Leslie Friedlander, Wesley E. Profit, Nicole DiCrecchio, and Tony Chu at Missouri State University; Michael Nietzel, Charlotte Harding, Wes Pratt, Leslie Anderson, Juan Meraz, Chantal Levesque, and Jeffrey Cornelius-White; and the many people at the three unnamed universities for all they did to help us with this project.

d After consultation with organizations representing various racial/ethnic minority groups, and in light of the guidelines we have followed in inviting participants (such as that we have not included international students), we have chosen in this report to use primarily the terms African-American, Asian-American, Latina/o, Native American, and white for the racial/ethnic groups. This is the case even though the terms "Hispanic" and "Black" appear on the questionnaire that our participants filled out. Furthermore, the reader will note that the groups' labels in Figure 1, which is based on data from Snyder, Dillow, and Hoffman (2009), differ somewhat from those we use in this paper. In addition, different students use different terms in describing their own racial/ethnic membership,

e Climate in this sense consists of “perceptions, attitudes, and expectations that define the institution and its members” (Peterson & Spencer, 1990, p. iii).

f "For more than 40 years, an astounding one-fifth of Harvard's students have received admissions preference because their parents attended the school... At Harvard, a legacy is about twice as likely to be admitted as a black or Hispanic student" (Larew, 2003, pp.136-7).

g President Nietzel subsequently ended his time as MSU President.

h In the Midwest report, we noted that interviewees gave mixed reports about the effectiveness and adequacy of such current programs as the required course about race that one of its colleges has, including the lack of long-term follow-through.

i Because of the way our thinking about recommendations developed, we had not included this recommendation in our first report, which was to MSU.

j Because of the way our thinking about recommendations

developed, we had not included this recommendation in our first report, which was to MSU.

k Because Ivy was the last campus where we collected information, and it was the one where participants were most likely to describe sexual assault and sexism as serious problems, this addition was made to this recommendation but by no means should be regarded as relevant and important only for Ivy University.

l Leslie Anderson. Personal communication. November 26, 2012.

To Contact the Authors:
Paula J. Caplan, Ph.D.
Associate
DuBois Research Institute
Harvard University
paulacaplan@gmail.com

Jordan Ford, B.A.
Research Assistant
Harvard University