26th World's Poultry Congress, abstracts selected in
2020, Vol.2

Michèle Tixier-Boichard, Michel Jacques M.J. Duclos

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Michèle Tixier-Boichard, Michel Jacques M.J. Duclos. 26th World's Poultry Congress, abstracts selected in 2020, Vol.2. 2022. hal-04213730

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Book of abstracts 2021 Vol 2

The French branch of WPSA is waiting for you

More informations at:

WPCPARIS2022.COM

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**26th World's Poultry Congress**

**BOOK OF ABSTRACTS**

**Abstracts submitted in 2019 and selected in 2020**

**Organized by**

French Branch of the World's Poultry Science Association

The 26th World's Poultry Congress - 07-11 August 2022

**Publisher**

French Branch of the World's Poultry Science Association

**Editors**

Dr Michèle TIXIER-BOICHARD, chair of 26th WPC

Dr Michel DUCLOS, Chairman of the Scientific Committee
of 26th WPC

Professional Congress Organizer (PCO) – Colloquium
Group (Paris, France)
# Welcome Page

Dear participants to the 26th WPC, dear readers,

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemics, which emerged in 2020 and is still present, the highest priority of the French Branch of WPSA and the organizing committee of the 26th World's Poultry Congress has been to organize a successful congress, avoiding health hazards and welcoming participants from all continents. As a consequence, the event planned in 2020 had to be postponed to 2021 and again to 2022.

Nevertheless, the Organizing Committee and the board of WPSA decided to celebrate the centenary of WPC with an on-line event on August 10, 2021 opened to all WPSA members. This event can be viewed as replay on the WPSA website.

The Organizing Committee decided to value the abstracts received in 2019 and accepted in 2020, by organizing monthly webinars from September 2021 to June 2022, to bridge the gap between the centenary of the WPC and the 26th WPC in August 2022.

Regarding Congress Proceedings, the volume 1 of the Book of Abstracts 2021 included 618 abstracts submitted in 2019 and accepted in 2020 from participants who registered in 2019, 2020 and 2021.

This volume 2 of the Book of Abstracts 2021 includes 122 abstracts submitted in 2019 and accepted in 2020 from participants who registered in 2022.

Each volume will be published as an online document by the WPSA.

In addition, the possibility to upload e-posters on the congress platform as a pdf was given to all registered authors of abstracts submitted in 2019, so that their e-posters can be viewed on the screens that are made available on-site, in August 2022.

Past webinars as well as e-posters can also be viewed on:
https://wpcparis2022.com/webinars/.

With our best regards

Dr Michèle TIXIER-BOICHARD, chair of 26th WPC

Dr Michel DUCLOS, Chairman of the Scientific Committee of 26th WPC and secretary of the WPSA French branch

Dr Christophe BOSTVIRONNOIS, President of WPSA French Branch
# Committees

## Organizing Committee

### French Branch of the World's Poultry Science Association

Michèle TIXIER-BOICHARD (INRAE, France), Chair of the organizing committee

Michel Duclos (INRAE, France), Chair of the scientific committee

Christophe BOSTVIRONNOIS (CHR HANSEN, France), President of the French WPSA branch

Catherine HAMELIN (CCPA, France)

Agnès NARCY (INRAE, France)

Yves NYS (INRAE, France)

Angélique TRAVEL (INRAE, France)

Michel LESSIRE (INRAE)

Pierre-André GERAERT (Adisseo, France)

Daniel GUEMENE (INRA-SYSAAF, France)

Adeline MATHIAUD (Mixscience, France)

### Board of the World's Poultry Science Association

Ning YANG (President), China

Roel W.A.W. MULDER (Secretary and assistant, treasurer), The Netherlands

Francine A. BRADLEY (Treasurer and assistant secretary), USA

Bob BURESH (Senior Vice-president), USA

Werner BESSEI (Vice-president), Germany

Yves NYS (Vice-president), France

Julie R. ROBERTS (Vice-president), Australia

Zehava UNI (Vice-president), Israel

Sakchai SRIBOONSUE (President Asia Pacific Federation), Thailand

Estella PRUKNER-RADOVCIC (President European Federation), Croatia

Edir N. SILVA (Immediate past-president), Brazil

Dorien VELNER (Assistant to the general secretary), The Netherlands

## Scientific Committee members

Chairman

Michel DUCLOS (France)

## Working Groups of the European Federation

Peter VAN HORNE (The Netherlands)- EF1 Economy

Sanna STEENFELDT (Denmark) - EF2 Nutrition
Steffen WEIGEND (Germany) - EF3 Genetics

Cristina ALAMPRESE (Italy) - EF4 Egg quality

Massimiliano PETRACCI (Italy) - EF5- Meat Quality

Ampai NANGSUAY (Thailand) - EF6 Reproduction

Virginie MICHEL (France) - EF9 Welfare

Hafez HAFEZ (Germany) - EF10 Turkeys

Eva SOSSIDOU (Greece) - EF11 Education

Barbara TZSCHENTKE (Germany) - EF12 Physiology

**Working groups of the Asia-Pacific Federation**

Nasir MUKHTAR (Pakistan) - AP1 Small Scale Family Poultry Farming

Hardi PRASETYO (Indonesia) - AP2 Waterfowl

Anel ENGELBRECHT (South Africa) - AP3 Ratites

**Networks**

Martino CASSANDRO (Italy) - Mediterranean Poultry Network

Harry SWATSON (South Africa) - African Poultry Network

**WVPA partnership**

Nicolas ETERRADOSSI (France) - WVPA Hygiene and Pathology
Thanks to all the reviewers

Samuel AGGREY
Roland AKAKPO
Cristina ALAMPRESE
Masoud ALIPANAH
Elisabeth BAEZA-CAMPONE
Maureen BAIN
Dolores BATONON-ALAVO
Marion BERNADEAU
Cécile BERRI
Werner BESSEI
Elisabeth BLESBOIS
Anne BOURDILLON
Isabelle BOUVAREL
Joaquim BRUFAU
Stéphanie CASTAGNOS
Hervé CHAPUIS
Marianne CHEMALY
Mingan CHOCT
Anne COLLIN
Pauline CRÉACH
Nuhad DAGHIR
Olivier DEMEURE
Nicolas DESTOMBES
Michel DUCLOS
Ian DUNN
Anel ENGELBRECHT
Nicolas ETERRADOSSI
Julien FABLET
Xavier FERNANDEZ
Corinne FORGET
Janet FULTON
Joël GAUTRON
Pierre-André GERAERT
Alan GIBBINS
Sandrine GRASTEAU

Daniel GUEMENE
E. Fallou GUEYE
Nicolas GUYOT
Hafez HAFEZ
Catherine HAMELIN
Hervé JUIN
Sébastian KACZMAREK
Susan LAMONT
Philippe LESCOAT
Michel LESSIRE
Christine LETERRIER
Michel MAGNIN
Bertrand MEDA
Sonia METAYER-COUSTARD
Corinne MORVAN
Agnès NARCY
Massimiliano PETRACCI
Hardi PRASETYO
Christophe PRAUD
Emilie RECOULES
Sophie REHAULT-GODBERT
Hervé REMIGNON
Juliet ROBERTS
Markus RODEHUTSCORD
Catherine SCHOULER
Evangelia SOSSIDOU
Sanna STEENFELD
Birger SVIHUS
Sophie TESSERAUD
Michèle TIXIER-BOICHARD
Barbara TZSCHENTKE
Zehava UNI
Peter VAN HORNE
Philippe VELGE
Steffen WEIGEND
# Sponsors

## DIAMOND

### ADISSEO

https://www.adisseo.com/
Immeuble Antony Parc 2
10, Place du Général de Gaulle
92160 Antony, France

### CEVA

https://www.ceva.com/fr
7 rue Vignon 75008 Paris, France

## PLATINUM

### EVONIK

https://corporate.evonik.com/en/
Evonik Industries AG
Rellinghauser Straße 1—11
45128 Essen, Germany

## GOLD

### DSM

https://www.dsm.com/corporate/home.html Het Overloon 1
6411 TE Heerlen, The Netherlands

### ELANCO

https://www.elanco.com/en-us
Colectora Este Ramal Pilar Manuel Alberti Suite 317, Buenos Aires,
Argentina

### MSD animal health

https://www.msd-sante-animale.fr/
7, rue Olivier de Serres – Angers Technopole C.S. 17144
49071 Beaucouze, France

### METEX NOOVISTAGO

https://fr.metex-noovistago.com/
32 rue Guersant
75017 Paris, France

### NOVUS

https://www.novusint.com/en-GB/
20 Research Park Drive, Saint Charles, Missouri, 63304 USA
## SILVER

### MAREL

https://marel.com/fr
ZI Du Dressève
56150 Baud, France

## BRONZE

### AGIMPROVE

https://www.agrimprove.com/
Landgoedlaan 20
7325 AW Apeldoorn, The Netherlands

### CCPA

https://www.groupe-ccpa.com/
ZA du Bois de Teillay
Quartier du Haut-Bois
35150 Janzé, France

### CHR HANSEN

https://www.chr-hansen.com/fr
Boege Alle 10-12
2970 Hoersholm, Denmark

### CJ BIO

https://www.cjbio.net/en/index.do
Unterschweinstiege 2-14
60549 Frankfurt am Main,
Deutschland

### DELACON

https://www.delacon.com/
Langwiesen 24
4209 Engerwitzdorf, Austria

### IFF

https://www.iff.com/
New York, NY, USA

### ID4FEED

https://id4feed.com/
Square du Rhône
12, Avenue du Rhône BP 226
74006 Annecy, France
**INNOVAD**

https://innovad-global.com/
Cogels Osylei 33, Berchem
2600 Antwerp
Belgium

**KERSIA**

https://www.kersia-group.com/
55 boulevard Jules Verger
BP10180
35803 Dinard, France

**TROUW NUTRITION**

https://www.trouwnutrition.fr/
12, Rue Pernelle
75004 Paris, France

**ZINPRO**

https://www.zinpro.com/
10400 Viking Drive, Suite 240
Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA

**OTHER PARTNERS**

**AIR LIQUIDE**

https://www.seppic.com/en
50 boulevard National
CS 90020
92257 La Garenne Colombes Cedex, France

**AVIAGEN**

https://eu.aviagen.com/language-mini-site/show/fr
Beaucouzé, France

**DOMINANT CZ**

https://dominant-cz.cz/
Studenec, Czech Republic

**HENDRIX GENETICS**

https://www.hendrix-genetics.com/en/
Villa 'de Körver', Spoorstraat 69
5831 CK Boxmeer, The Netherlands
HUVEPHARMA

https://www.huvepharma.com/
Headquarters & Production Plant
Sofia, Bulgaria

JEFO

https://jefo.ca/fr/
5020, avenue Jefo - C.P. 325
Saint-Hyacinthe (Québec), Canada

JRS

https://www.jrs.eu/jrs_en/life-science/animal-nutrition/ Rosenberg,
Germany

NATURADD

https://natur-add.com/
14 rue Delambre
75014 Paris, France

PHILEO

https://phileo-lesaffre.com/en/
137 rue Gabriel Péri
Marcq-en-baroeul, France

WISIUM

https://www.wisium.com/
Route de Talhouët
56250 Saint-Nolff, France

MEDIA PARTNERS

MEAP

http://www.meap.net/news/index.php/en/ Zalka, Lebanon

AVI NEWS

https://avicultura.info/paises/europa/
Camí Ral 495 2o2o
08301 Mataró, Barcelona
Table of Contents

<table><tr><td>Committees</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Sponsors</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Adapting poultry production to climate change</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Early management of broilers (embryo or starter phase)</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Education</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Genetics x environment interactions and epigenetics</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Genetics x nutrition interaction on the digestive microbiota</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Management of broiler breeders</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Pluridisciplinary approaches to reach the One health objectives</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Poultry production for insuring food security</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Reducing the environmental impacts of poultry production</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Towards longer carriers in layers</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Understanding the microbiome for an improved management of Health and Welfare</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>Construction of egg quality</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Construction of meat quality</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Economy and marketing</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Feed technology</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>Feeding in alternative production systems</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Feedstuffs</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>General physiology</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Hygiene and pathology</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Incubation physiology</td><td>113</td></tr><tr><td>Ingestion and digestion</td><td>116</td></tr><tr><td>Meat processing</td><td>119</td></tr><tr><td>Metabolism</td><td>121</td></tr><tr><td>Mineral nutrition</td><td>126</td></tr><tr><td>Molecular genetics</td><td>134</td></tr><tr><td>Physiology of nutrition</td><td>140</td></tr><tr><td>Protein nutrition</td><td>144</td></tr><tr><td>Quantitative genetics</td><td>150</td></tr><tr><td>Reproductive biotechnologies</td><td>155</td></tr><tr><td>Reproductive physiology</td><td>157</td></tr><tr><td>Small scale family poultry farming</td><td>161</td></tr><tr><td>Turkeys</td><td>164</td></tr><tr><td>Welfare and behaviour</td><td>166</td></tr><tr><td>AUTHOR INDEX</td><td>171</td></tr></table>
**Object oriented sessions**

**Adapting poultry production to climate
change**
ID: 1262

EFFECT OF THE USE OF A NAKED NECK COCK LINE ON THE BODY COMPOSITION AND SLAUGHTER VALUE OF THE OFFSPRING IN TWO DIFFERENT DUAL-PURPOSE GENOTYPES

G.Milisits*(1), T.Donkó(2), A.Almási(3), A.Orbán(3), S.Szász(1), T.Farkas(1), E.Garamvölgyi(1), O.Kustosné pocze(1), J.J.Ujváriné(1), P.Horn(1), Z.Süto(1)

(1) Kaposvár University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary, (2) Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd., Kaposvár, Hungary, (3) Bábolna TETRA Ltd., Bábolna, Hungary

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: milisits.gabor@ke.hu (Gábor Milisits)

The climate change and global warming have significant effect on the animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Because the high ambient temperature has detrimental effect on the performance of chickens, the defense against its negative effect is unavoidable. It seems to be easier under intensive circumstances (by cooling the air in closed buildings), but in extensive keeping systems the breeder companies have the task to produce heat-tolerating genotypes.

The Bábolna TETRA Ltd. tries to improve the heat-tolerance of its dual-purpose genotypes by using a newly developed naked neck cock line. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the presence or lack of the dominant Na gene on the body composition and slaughter value of the offspring in two different dual-purpose genotypes.

The experimental chickens were originated from the cross of the naked neck paternal line and the maternal line of the TETRA HB Color and Super Harco hybrid, respectively. Chickens were reared in a closed building, in deep litter pens at the Poultry Test Station of the Kaposvár University in Hungary. They were fed ad libitum with commercial diets and drinking water was also continuously available. The volume of the body muscle and fat was determined by means of computer tomography in vivo at 7 and 10 weeks of age. At 10 weeks of age chickens were slaughtered and dissected and the ratio of the different body parts to the slaughter weight was calculated.

In the offspring of the naked neck paternal and TETRA HB Color maternal line no significant differences were found in the slaughter weight and in most of the slaughter traits between the naked neck (Na/na) and covered neck (na/na) chickens. Only the ratio of the thigh muscle with skin and bones to the slaughter weight was significantly higher, while the ratio of the abdominal fat to the slaughter weight significantly lower in the naked neck male chickens than in the covered neck ones at 7 weeks of age. In the offspring of the naked neck paternal and Super Harco maternal line only the slaughter weight of the covered neck male chickens was significantly higher than that of the naked neck ones at 7 and 10 weeks of age.

Based on the results it was established that the use of the naked neck paternal line causes no differences in the live weight, body composition and slaughter value of the offspring, independently of the presence or lack of the Na gene.

This research was supported by the 'GINOP-2.3.4-15-2016-00005' project.
African Poultry Network
# PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION BETWEEN EGG WEIGHT AND EGG LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF THE FRENCH BROILER GUINEA FOWL RAISED IN THE HUMID ZONE OF NIGERIA

J.Dzungwe*(1), S.Gwaza(2), J.Egahi(2)

(1) Regional Center of Excellence for Avian Sciences, University of Lome, Togo, Lome, Togo, (2)
University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** torsagain@gmail.com (Joshua Torkuma Dzungwe)

## Abstract

This study was carried out in Funtua, Kastina State of Nigeria. on latitude 11°32"N and longitude 7°19"N, the area is warm with an average temperature of 32°C and a relative humidity of 44 %. It has a tropical climate with an average annual temperature of 24.8°C and rainfall of 1024mm with the highest precipitation averaging 277 mm in August and no precipitation in January (0 mm). Its warmest month of the year was May with an average temperature of 29.2°C and the lowest temperature occurring in January (21.9°C).

A total of 119 Eggs of the French broiler guinea fowl were sourced at Songhai Agricultural center Funtua, Kastina State. Parent stock birds from which eggs were collected were raised extensively on free range, feeds were supplemented with grains (maize, millet or wheat) and no medications provided. Eggs of the French broiler guinea fowl were selected based on visual observation of size, shape, colour, cleanliness and uniformity. The eggs were measured for egg weight and egg linear measurements, i.e. length and width, with a vernier caliper. Egg shape index was obtained as a ratio of the egg width to the egg length. Data obtained was subjected to a statistical package for analysis (Minitab 2003). Phenotypic correlation between egg weight and egg linear measurements was also determined using pearsons product moment correlation coefficient (r).

Results: Egg weight ranged from 36 g to 48 g with an average egg weight of 40.37±0.32 g, egg length ranged from 4.55 cm to 5.95 cm with average egg length of 4.86±0.32 cm, egg width ranged from 3.00 cm to 4.10 cm with an average egg width of 3.90±0.02 cm and egg shape index of the French broiler guinea fowls ranged from 7.78 to 86.00 with a mean of 78.94±1.18.

Egg weight had a significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with egg length and egg width, a negative correlation with egg shape index. Egg length had a significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with egg width, negative correlation with egg shape index. Egg width had significant (P<0.01) positive correlation with egg weight and a positive correlation with egg length and egg shape index. Egg shape index had a negative correlation with egg width, significantly (P<0.01) negatively correlated with egg length and a positive correlation with egg width.

The result shows that egg weight can be improved by selection for egg length and width for French broiler guinea fowl populations in Nigeria.
ID: 543

SMALL-SCALE FARMERS' ACCEPTANCE OF YELLOW MEALWORM AS
AN ALTERNATIVE CHICKEN FEED

L.Selaledi*(1), M.Maake(2), M.Mabelebele*(3)

(1) University of South Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, (2) University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa, (3) University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: mabelebelem@gmail.com (Monnye Mabelebele)

Small-scale poultry farmers in South Africa and the world over play a
critical role in providing much needed protein to households mainly in the
low-income communities. However, these farmers are facing a challenge
of rising cost of conventional chicken feeds. Replacing traditional
ingredients with insects in chicken diets is a practice that is gaining
interest worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess
the preparedness of small-scale poultry farmers to adopt the use of
yellow mealworm in diets for chickens. A total number of 70 small-scale
poultry farmers owning and selling about 1-3000 chickens per month
were interviewed. Data collected was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic
version 25 (IBM Corp., USA). The logistic regression model was used to
determine factors which influence small-scale farmers to adopt yellow
mealworm as chicken feed. Differences among means were determined
by Hosmer and Lemeshow Test. The results of the study revealed that
farmers are willing to rear yellow mealworm to use as an alternative
protein in chicken diets. However, a significant difference was observed
with younger farmers that had a higher education background. It was
further noted that a frequent contact with extension officer decreases the
probability of adopting the mealworm. Nevertheless, farmers who find
feed to be expensive opted for a cheaper low value chicken feed. Using
mixed-corn increased the probability of adopting mealworms. The results
show a positive attitude towards the use of mealworm as chicken feed.
It can thus be concluded that these farmers are willing to adopt yellow
mealworms in chicken diets. Moreover, it can be recommended that
farmers should be taught the basic skills of yellow mealworm rearing and
production.
ID: 592

MONITORING RHVT VIRUS VACCINE REPLICATION IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS USING NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY

M.Fawzy* (1)

(1) MSD Animal Health, Sharkia, Egypt

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** mohmed.fawzy@merck.com (Mohammed Fawzy)

Recently, the hatchery vaccination concept is increasing in the poultry Egyptian market especially with the usage of recombinant vaccines. The vaccination process is the cornerstone of the recombinant vaccine's success and recently a new tool to monitor the hatchery vaccination was introduced. This study is aimed to evaluate first attempts of using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology to monitor rHVT-ND-IBD vaccine replication in Egypt and correlate these results with other laboratory findings and field performance parameters. For this purpose, a total of 32,500 commercial broilers vaccinated subcutaneously at a day of old with rHVT-ND-IBD were observed from a day of old till slaughter age. These birds obtained from the same hatchery and reared in one house under the same management. For vaccination monitoring, feather pulps from randomly selected 20 birds at 15 days were placed onto FTA cards to proceed in vaccine take evaluation using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology and to correlate the NSG results with serology 20 blood samples were collected from 20 randomly selected birds at slaughter age for evaluate antibodies titers against NDV using HI test and IBDV using specific ELISA kit, the commercial Synbiotics, BD+. As well; body, bursa and spleen weight were recorded for 10 birds randomly selected at the slaughter age. The results of Next-Generation Sequencing showed that 11 from 20 were positive for rHVT-ND-IBD. On the other hand, 2 from 9 negative samples were positive for HVT or other rHVT. For serologically evaluation; Mean ND HI test was 5.6 while mean antibody titer against IBDV was 12194. The mean Buras Body Weight Ratio was 1.397 while the mean Bursa Spleen Ratio was 1.484. For field performance parameters were; 97.28 livability % with average body weight 2,287 gm with 1.54 FCR and 401.3 EPI. In conclusion; the new technology of Next-Generation Sequencing is very effective tool to evaluate HVT or rHVT virus vaccine replication and give us a good insight about the hatchery vaccination process.
ID: 682

PHYTOCHEMICAL, SCREENING, PERFOPRMANCE,HAEMATOLOGY AND-
MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ACHONEA CORDIFOLIA EXTRACT ON
BROILER CHICKEN

O.Owen*(1), E.Uvertse(2), H.Gunn(3), V.Ogbonna(4)

(1) RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY, PORTHARCOURT NIGERIA, Port harcourt, Nigeria, (2) Rivers state university, PORTHARCOURT-NIGERIA, Portharcourt-nigeria, Nigeria, (3) RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY PORTHARCOURT, Portharcourt, Nigeria, (4) DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY PORTHARCOURT, Portharcourt, Nigeria

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** congomfx@yahoo.com (Onyema Joseph Owen)

A study was carried out to determine the effect of A.cordifolia leaf extract on performance, haematology, serum biochemistry and antimicrobial activities of broiler chickens. 120 day-old Anak Broiler chicks were used in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) in an experiment that lasted for 56days. The treatments comprised of T1(0ml/litre of water), T2(5ml/litre), T3(10ml/litre) and T4(15ml/litre).Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA and results obtained from performance indices revealed that apart from initial and final body weight all parameters examined differ significantly (p<0.05). The best result in dressed weight were obtained in birds on 10ml/litre while the least was observed in birds on 5ml/litre ACLM. It was observed that PCV, Hb and RBC decreased with increase in ACLM inclusion. The best results for AST, ALT and ALP was obtained in birds placed on 10ml/litre. Results on microbial analysis indicated that total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and total coliform count (TCC) decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increased inclusion of aqueous extract of ACLM. The results further indicated that organisms such as Bacillus species, E. coli and Staphylococcus species decreased in number of colonies with increased aqueous extract of ACLM in this study. It was concluded that ACLM should be administered at 10ml/litre.

Keywords: Alchonea cordifolia, anti-microbial, broiler, haematology, performance, phytochemical.
ID: 710

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENTS OF ROSELLA SEEDS (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA, LINN) AND THE PRESENTATION OF DIETS CONTAINING THEM ON ZOOTECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF BROILERS IN DAKAR REGION (SENEGAL)

S.Ayssiwede\*(1), K.Abodi(2), S.Atchiwassa(2), M.Bonou(2), A.Missohou(2)

(1) EISMV-Dakar, Inter-States School of Sciences and Veterinary Medecine of Dakar (Senegal), Dakar, Senegal, (2) EISMV-Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** ayissimbos@yahoo.fr (Simplice Bosco Ayssiwede)

This study, carried out in Sangalkam from March to April 2019, aims to assess the effects of heat treatments of rosella seeds and the presentation of diets containing them on growth performances and economic margins of broilers. It involved 400 Coob500 strain chicks of 2 weeks old, distributed according to a random system in 8 groups of 50 birds each corresponding to 8 treatments consisting of 4 iso-protein and energy diets: HS0, HSC15, HST15, HSB15 diets containing respectively 0% (control), 15% of raw, roasted and boiled rosella seeds in partial substitution of groundnut cake; with each of them presented in flour (HSF0, HSCF15, HSTF15, HSBF15) and granulated (HSG0, HSCG15, HSTG15, HSBG15). At 6 weeks of age, data recorded or calculated per dietary treatment with Excel spreadsheet, were subjected to one factor analysis of variance at 5% level using SPSS software, completed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test.

The results showed that the live body and carcass weights (g) of broilers fed HSG0 (2423 & 2169), HSBG15 (2033 & 1818), HSTG15 (1860 & 1647) and HSCG15 (1881 & 1618) were significantly (p<0.05) improved compared respectively to those of birds from HSF0 (1638 and 1417), HSBF15 (1727 & 1507), HSTF15 (1549 & 1374) and HSCF15 (1529 & 1305) diets. It was the same trend with the average daily weight gain and carcass yields, except for HST15 diets where these last were similar. The feed intake (g/d) of birds from HSG0 (127), HSBG15 (125), HSTG15 (121) and HSCG15 (122) were higher (p<0.05) than those of broilers fed HSF0 (111), HSBF15 (118), HSTF15 (112) and HSCF15 (110) diets. The feed conversion ratio of birds fed HSG0 (1.8), HSBG15 (2.2), HSTG15 (2.3) and HSCG15 (2.3) were better (p<0.05) than those of birds from HSF0 (2.5), HSBF15 (2.5), HSTF15 (2.7) and HSCF15 (2.9) diets. Whether floury or granulated, HSB15 diets have improved (p<0.05) these different parameters compared to those of broilers fed HST15 and HSC15 diets. The feed costs (per bird or kg carcass) obtained from HSC15, HST15, HSB15 were higher (p<0.05) than those of the HS0 unlike the gross margins realized, except for HSBF15 diet. However, compared to HSC15 and HST15, these gross margins were improved (p<0.05) with HSB15 diets (granulated in the lead).

It was concluded that boiling rosella seeds, accompanied with granulated presentation of the diet containing them, significantly improved the growth performances and profit margins of broilers compared to diets made with roasted or raw rosella seeds.
Early management of broilers (embryo
or starter phase)
ID: 188

PLASMA GLUCOSE AND BROILER CHICKS WEIGHT ACCORDING
TO HATCH WINDOW AND BREEDER AGE

J. Stringhini*(1), H. De Oliveira (1), H. Mello (1), E. Arnhold (1), A. Mascarenhas (1), D. Cordeiro (1), I. Fernandes filho (1)

(1) Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, Brazil

Corresponding author mail: jhstring@uol.com.br (José Henrique Stringhini)

The hatch window of broiler chicks is the time span between the eclosion of the first and the last chick in hatchery. During this time, the birds have no access to water and feed. So, large hatch windows should be avoided, because early hatched chicks can dehydratate fastly. In contrast, late-hatching chicks may present slower metabolism. During the incubation period, plasma glucose is important, because the anaerobic glycolisys is the main source of energy to the birds. In this assay we aimed to evaluate the effects of breeder age and time of hatch on plasma glucose and hatching weight of neonate chicks. The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Poultry Facilities of UFG, Goiania, Brazil. The eggs from Cobb 500® broiler breeders from different ages (39, 51 and 69 weeks) were incubated in a single stage hatchery machine, distributed in a randomized block design. Blood samples were collected from four chicks per breeder age at four incubation times (468h, 480h, 492h and 504h). Blood was collected by cardiac venipuncture method, centrifuged to obtain the serum for analysis. Glucose content was determined with a commercial kit. Data were submitted to ANOVA and regression analysis, 5% probability by R statistical software. Breeder age did not affect plasma glucose and chick weight. The hatching weight is regularly influenced by egg weight, but not by breeder age. The plasma glucose increased linearly as the time of hatch increased (y=-55.569340 +0.501841x, R2= 0.16, P=0.005). Chicks hatched in the first hours had lower plasma glucose compared to the late-hatching chicks. An increased interval between external pipping and hatch, enable late-hatching chicks to recycle lactate back into glucose before emergence from the egg. There was a tendency of quadractic effect of time at hatch on neonate weight (y=-1753.461658 + 7.402664x -0.007591x2, R2=0.15 P=0.023), indicating that early and late hatching chicks has lower body weight. We concluded that the time of hatching window affects glucose metabolism, and late-hatching chicks has the higher values compared to early-hatching chicks.
ID: 189

INFLUENCE OF CONDITIONING TEMPERATURE AND CARBOHYDRASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND, NUTRIENT AND ENERGY UTILISATION OF BROILER STARTERS FED BARLEY-BASED DIETS

M.Abdollahi*(1), W.Perera(1), F.Zaefarian(1), T.Wester(1), V.Ravindran(1)

(1) Massey University, Palmerston north, New Zealand

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** M.Abdollahi@massey.ac.nz (M. Reza Abdollahi)

The use of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)-degrading enzymes in barley-based diets has become a norm to overcome the adverse effects of antinutritional factors in barley. Variation in response to supplemental enzymes in terms of nutrient and energy utilisation are commonly observed, and partly attributed to the variable survival of enzymes during feed processing. The effect of conditioning temperature (CT) on enzyme activity and digestibility of nutrients is a major concern to feed manufacturers. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment, evaluating three CT (60, 74 and 88 °C) and two levels of carbohydrate (CARB) supplementation (0 and 150 g/tonne of feed), was conducted to evaluate the influence of CT and supplemental CARB on growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broilers (1-21 days post-hatch) fed barley-based diets. A multi-component NSP-degrading enzyme, Ronozyme Multigrain, was used. The activities of endo-1,4-β-glucanase, endo-1,3 (4)-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-xylanase in the CARB were 800 BGU/g, 700 BGU/g and 2700 XU/g, respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.05) interaction between CT and CARB for any tested parameter. Birds fed diets conditioned at 60 and 74 °C had a similar weight gain (WG; P < 0.001) but higher than those fed the diets conditioned at 88 °C. Conditioning at 88 °C increased feed per gain (F/G; P < 0.05) compared to the diets conditioned at 60 and 74 °C. Birds fed diets conditioned at 88 °C tended (P = 0.054) to have a lower feed intake than birds fed diets conditioned at 60 °C. Addition of CARB improved WG (P < 0.05) and F/G (P < 0.001) by 30 g/bird and 6.5 points, respectively. The ileal digestibility of nitrogen (N) and starch was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at 88 °C compared with 60 and 74 °C, whereas the fat digestibility was unaffected (P > 0.05) by CT. Supplemental CARB improved only the starch (P < 0.001) digestibility. Conditioning the diets at 88 °C reduced the N-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn; P < 0.01) compared to those conditioned at 60 and 74 °C. Enzyme supplementation increased the AMEn (P < 0.05) by 0.13 MJ/kg, regardless of CT. In conclusion, lack of significant interactions between CT and CARB indicated the similar impact of CT at each level of CARB supplementation. Conditioning barley-based diets at 88 °C negatively influenced WG, F/G and N, starch and energy utilisation. Supplementation of barley-based diets with CARB improved WG, F/G and, starch and energy utilisation in broilers.
ID: 555

EFFECTS OF INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON FIBER AREA, MYOGENIN EXPRESSION, AND WHITE STRIPING INCIDENCE IN BROILERS

S.Yalcin*(1), M.Aksit(2), G.Bilgen(1), S.Ozkan(1), G.T.Izzetoglu(1), B.Helva(2), M.C.Yilmaz(1), M.Hassanzadeh(3)

(1) Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept of Animal Science, Izmir, Turkey (2) Adnan menderes University, Zootekni Bölümü, Aydin, Turkey (3) University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: [servet.yalcin@ege.edu.t](mailto:servet.yalcin@ege.edu.t) (Servet Yalcin)

Continued genetic selection of broilers has increased the incidence of breast muscle myopathies, such as white striping (WS). Most of the previous studies have addressed the effect of age, sex, growth rate and diet on the incidence of WS (Kuttapan et al., 2012; Livingston et al., 2019). However, skeletal muscle development begins early in embryonic development. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of incubation temperature on muscle histology, expression of myogenin (MYO), and incidence of WS in breast muscle of broilers. A total of 392 eggs obtained from Ross broiler breeders were incubated at either control (I-CONT, 37.5 °C) or at high temperature (I-HIGH, 38.5 °C) between embryonic days 10 and 14 for 6h/d. All hatched chicks were reared at standard management and environmental conditions. Birds consumed commercial broiler starter, growing and finisher diets on an ad libitum basis. At 35 d, 8 broiler chickens were randomly selected from each incubation temperature. Breast muscle was sampled to determine the expression of the MYO and fiber area. All broilers were slaughtered and the occurrence of WS was scored using a scale with 0 (normal) and 1 (white striping). Analysis of variance was performed using one-way ANOVA and least-square means were separated using Student's t-test at P< 0.05. The incidence of WS was analyzed by the chi-square test. On the day of the hatch, I-HIGH chicks were heavier than I-CONT chicks (P<0.001). Incubation temperature did not affect the fibril area. Lower MYO expression was obtained for I-HIGH chicks on the day of the hatch (P<0.05). At slaughter age, the heavier body weight of I-HIGH broilers was associated with the larger fiber area. Chickens incubated at I-HIGH had a lower MYO expression compared with those from I-CONT. The incidence of WS increased with I-HIGH (P=0.001).

The results suggested that incubation temperature affects post-hatch muscle
development and the incidence of WS.

Acknowledgment: This study was financially supported by Ege University (18-ZRF-025).

References

Kuttappan V. A., V. Brewer, J. K. Apple, P. Waldrop, C. M. Owens, 2012. Influence of growth rate on the occurrence of white striping in broiler breast fillets. Poultry Science 91: 2677-85.

Livingston M. L., C.Landon, H.J.Barne, J.Brake, 2019. White striping and wooden breast myopathies of broiler breast muscle is affected by time-limited feeding, genetic background, and egg storage. Poultry Science 98: 214-226.
ID: 1401

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LIPIDS IN THE PRE-STARTER DIET ON THE PRODUCTIVE RESPONSE OF BROILERS CHICKS

E.Salvador\*(1), M.Narvaez(2), L.Rios(3)

(1) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics-National University "San Luis Gonzaga" - Ica- Perú, Chincha, Peru, (2) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the National University "San Luis Gonzaga" FMVZ-UNICA-Perú., Chincha, Peru, (3) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the National University "San Luis Gonzaga" FMVZ-UNICA-Perú, Chincha, Peru

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: elias.salvador@unica.edu.pe (Elias Salvador)

The use of high lipid levels, through the inclusion of oils in the diet, would not have any negative effect on the productive response of fattening chicks in the pre-starter phase. An experimental study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of levels different of total lipids in the pre - starter diet on the productive response of broilers chicks in the pre - starter phase from 0 to 14 days of age. It was carried out in the Experimental Research Unit in Poultry Nutrition and the R & D Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics. 100 male day-old chicks of the Cobb 500 genetic line, of uniform weight and size, were used. The chicks were distributed in the study area, following the protocol of a randomized block design (DBA) with 4 diets as treatment: T-1 (5.73% total lipids), T-2 (6.58% total lipids), T -3 (7.42% total lipids) and T-4 (8.28% total lipids). Each of the treatments had five repetitions as blocks, giving a total of 20 experimental units. The variables of live weight, weight gain, food consumption, feed conversion, energy efficiency, gross margin and economic compensation were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS v.9 (2002) followed by Tukey's mean test. The results showed that the levels different of total lipids in the diet did not affect (P>0.05) the productive response of the broilers chicks, except for the consumption of food that was higher when using a higher level of lipids in the diet, only in the period from 0 to 7 days of age. The gross margin and economic compensation was higher for treatment with 8.28% total lipids in US‡ 0.0163 and 3.14 % respectively compared to the control group with 5.73% total lipids in the diet. It is concluded that using lipids up to 8% in the pre-starter diet maintains the productive response and improves the economic response in the pre-start phase from 0 to 14 days of age of fattening chicks.

Keywords: lipids diet pre start chicks
ID: 1413

EFFECT OF BROILER BREEDER AGE ON BROILER CHICK WEIGHT
AT 1 AND 7 DAYS

D.Cordeiro (1), N. De Oliveira (1), E. Arnhold (1), M. Cafe (1), R. Jardim filho (2), J. Stringhini*(1)

(1) Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, Brazil, (2) Sao Salvador Alimentos, Itaberai, Brazil *Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** jhstring@uol.com.br (José Henrique Stringhini)

"Breeder age is an important factor that affects the progeny performance. The literature provides different data which relates the age of the breeder hen and the productive indexes of the broilers, reporting significantly large intervals. In this paper, the objective was to determine the effect of the breeder age and the influence in the productive characteristics of broiler chicks raised in commercial conditions. Data from broilers aged 24 to 69 weeks of a total of 18,492 hatches of broiler breeders were collected under commercial conditions, taking chick weight at one and seven days old as the main variables. Polynomial regression analysis was performed in a quadratic model with plateau response, and a residual analysis of Z-Score outliers, that were removed from the database when identified. The analysis of variance and F test were performed to identify the significance (p <0.05) of the equations obtained. The model used to evaluate the plateau response was: Y=a+bx+cx^2+ε, if x<x_0 (quadratic); Y=p+ε, if x≥x_0 (plateau), in which: "Y" is the analysed response regarding the age ""X"" of the breeders in weeks, and ""p"" is the plateau range. Thus, for values of X less than X0, the model describing the answer "Y" is a quadratic function, and for values of X greater than or equal to X0, the equation is a constant or plateau. When the influence of the age of the breeder on the 1-day-old chick is observed, there is an increase in the chick weight of 1.06 g/week for broilers up to 60.58 weeks, reaching up to 48.13 g, and from this age until 69 weeks the weight remains constant. Observing the 7-day-old chicks' weight, there is an inverse response, showing a decreasing quadratic behaviour of 2.22 g/week until the breeder reaches 42.69 weeks age with chick weight remaining 152.97 g, from this point until 69 weeks of age. It can be concluded that the age of the broiler affects the growth curve of chicks at 1 and 7 days of age and it is important to observe these differences to estimate correctly the productive indexes.
Education
REGIONAL CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR POULTRY SCIENCE
(CERSA): MODEL FOR PROMOTING POULTRY INDUSTRY THROUGH
CAPACITY BUILDING, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

K.Tona*(1), K.Sanda(2), K.Agboka (1), O.M.Onagbesan(3), A.Collin(4), B.Kemp(5), C.Chrysostome(6), E.Decuypere(7), M.Gbeassor(1)

(1) Centre d'Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo (2) School of Agriculture, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo (3) Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria (4) INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, Nouzilly, France (5) Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherland (6) Laboratoire de recherche avicole et de zooéconomie, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin (7) Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Immunology and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, K.U Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: jaktona@gmail.com (Kokou Tona)

Established in 2014, the "Regional Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science (CERSA)" is the result of the sustainability of an Interuniversity project (Catholic University of Leuven and University of Lome) from 2006 to 2012. CERSA is supported by the World Bank together with 45 other Centers in West and Central Africa. Among these Centers, CERSA is the only institution that focuses on development of high-level skills in applied and fundamental research in poultry sciences. The programs offered take into account the entire poultry value chain at the scientific, technical and technological levels. Since 2014, CERSA registered 50 doctoral students and 145 master students, from 13 countries in West and Central Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Chad and Togo. The students are running various research activities which offer to those involved in poultry industry possibilities to improve their practices and make their businesses fruitful. In addition to high-level skills, CERSA also offers short-term practical training that allows poultry actors to professionalize their activities. Indeed, more than 850 of those involved in poultry industry received training in poultry feeding and feed ration formulation techniques, day-old chick production, poultry care and management, biosecurity and biosafety of poultry industry, poultry products processing and elaboration of poultry business plans. Also, 26 faculties have strengthened their capacities in poultry science through internships or study trips in poultry companies in Ghana, Benin and in partner universities / research institutions. CERSA now has relevant facilities and infrastructures including laboratories of physico-biochemistry, food technology, microbiology, cell culture, molecular biology, two main labs, an experimental unit, a pedagogic and research complex, a mini-slaughterhouse, a feed mill unit and an experimental hatchery. Beyond research and training, CERSA established relevant and strategic partnerships with major industrial groups worldwide aiming to industrialize the poultry sector in Africa. With its partnerships with well-known academic institutions in poultry science, CERSA enjoys international recognition which was confirmed by its accreditation by the High Council for the Evaluation of Research and Higher Education (HCERES).

Key words: Education and training, building capacity, research and development
Genetics x environment interactions
and epigenetics
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BEHAVIORAL MOVEMENT PATTERNS AND
DNA METHYLATION IN THE BRAIN OF LAYING HENS

C.Guerrero-bosagna(1), F.Pertille(1), Y.Gómez*(2), S.Rezaei(3), S.Gebhardt-henrich(4), S.Vögeli(4), A.Stratmann(5), L.Asher(6), B.Völkl(7), M.Toscano(5)

(1) Avian Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, (2) Center for proper housing: Poultry and rabbits, Zollikofen, Switzerland, (3) Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, (4) Center for proper housing: Poultry and Rabbit; Animal Welfare Division, University of Bern, Zollikofen, Switzerland, (5) Center for Proper Housing: Poultry and Rabbits (ZTHZ), Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Zollikofen, Switzerland, (6) Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle, United Kingdom, (7) Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: yamenah.gomez@vetsuisse.unibe.ch (Yamenah Gómez)

A recent study with laying hens by our group showed that hens have highly consistent movement patterns with considerable variation between hens despite similar environmental and genetic conditions. The current study is part of an ongoing effort to determine how the observed movement patterns relate to other variables of interest including animal health and production. Specifically, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between DNA methylation in the brain with the movement patterns that naturally develop in chicken populations. For this goal, four pens were equipped with an RFID tracking system that allowed tracking of birds within distinct areas of the barn: inside the barn, covered outdoor run, stone yard and free-range area. Transitions between areas were recorded continuously for 166 days of which 72 were used for classification. The unused days were excluded because hens were not provided to all four areas due to management protocols, e.g., poor weather conditions. The hens were classified by three methods based on their movement pattern: low versus high entropy (measure of stability in behavioral routines), Dynamic Time Warping (detection of spatio-temporal movement patterns that group together; DTW with three groups) and leading index (followers versus leaders during transitions). After 166 days (at 42 weeks of age), 24 birds were sacrificed for brain tissue (nidopallium area) collection to extract DNA. The reduced and methylation enriched genome was sequenced using genotyping by sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation. The differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were then analyzed in relation to the three classification schemes. Analysis of epigenetic data revealed that 110 DMRs were identified between hens with high and low entropy, 25 DMRs between followers and leaders, and 21 DMRs between the DTW groups. The DMRs in each of the three classification schemes were related to different patterns of functional genomic features. Genes significantly enriched in a variety of functional biological pathways were identified. The present effort shows a clear relationship between DNA methylation and specific behavioral patterns that arose naturally in a relatively controlled environment that is homogenous across the study individuals. The study suggests that different biological functions within neurons could be responsible for the development of different behaviors.
Genetics x nutrition interaction on the
digestive microbiota
# P-FOWL: MICROBIAL AND GENOMIC ANALYSES OF PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION AND RELATED QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN JAPANESE QUAIL

S.Vollmar*(1), M.Schmid(1), M.Rodehutscord(1), C.Roth(1), D.Borda-molina(1), A.Camarinha-silva(1), J. Bennewitz(1)

(1) Institute of Animal Science, University Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: Solveig.Vollmar@uni-hohenheim.de (Solveig Vollmar)

Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral for poultry. Due to a low endogenous phytase activity in the digestive tract, most plant seed P sources can only partially be utilized by poultry. Therefore, poultry diets are usually supplemented with mineral P. Global mineral P resources are limited and it is desirable to minimize mineral P supplementation without compromising animal health and performance. Thus, a high P utilization (PU) by animals is desired. Understanding the nature of PU variation is essential to breed for an improved PU. In this study we used Japanese quail as model species to study the effect of gut microbiota composition and quail genomes on PU. An F2 design with about 800 individuals was set up and PU as well as related efficiency and growth traits were recorded in growing individuals. The microbiota composition of the ileum was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. The quail genomes were genotyped for 4K SNPs distributed over the genome. The application of microbial mixed linear models revealed a microbiability of 0.15 (SE 0.05) for PU. Microbiome-wide association mapping on bacteria genera as well as on operational taxonomic unit level revealed that PU is polymicrobial determined with some important genera showing significant PU association. Genomic mixed linear models revealed a heritability of 0.10 (SE 0.05) for PU. QTL linkage analysis was conducted for PU and related traits as well as for the relative abundances of bacteria genera in the ileum. Several significant QTL for both, PU and the microbiota composition were mapped. These results will facilitate the understanding of PU and can be used as a starting point to develop a breeding strategy that acts on the level of the genomes and the microbiota composition, i.e. to develop a hologenomic selection strategy.
# Management of broiler breeders
ID: 894

EFFECTS OF EGG WEIGHTS ON HATCHING PERFORMANCE AT
DIFFERENT AGES OF BROILER BREEDERS

J.Iqbal*(1), N.Mukhtar(2), U.Farooq(3), T.Ahmad(4)

(1) UAF Sub Campus Toba Tek Singh Pakistan, Toba tek singh, Pakistan, (2) PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, (3) UAF Sub Campus Toba Tek sing Pakistan, Faislabad, Pakistan, (4) PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** javed149@yahoo.com (Javid Iqbal)

The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of broiler breeder egg size on hatching performance at different ages of commercial Hubbard Classic broiler breeders. Eggs were collected from at early (30 week) at mid (45 week) and late stage (60 week) of production period. All substandard eggs were rejected and only oval shape good quality hatching eggs were selected for study. These eggs were stored at 20 oC and 75% relative humidity for 3 days before setting in commercial hatchery. At each age, 300 eggs of each size category (small, medium and large) were incubated into 3 trays (100 eggs in each replicate). At 30 week, average egg weights of small, medium and large eggs were 51.00, 56.07 and 61.06 g, respectively. Maximum fertility (pc0.05) was recorded in large-sized egg (95.67%), followed by medium (92.67%) and small (90.33%) sized egg groups. Better hatchability percentage (out of set eggs or fertile eggs) was found (pc0.05) in large-sized egg group (86.67 or 90.59%), followed by medium (82.33 or 88.81%) and small (70.67 or 78.11%) sized egg groups. At 45 week, average egg weights of small, medium and large eggs were 60.05, 65.03 and 70.03 g, respectively. Maximum fertility (pc0.05) was noticed in small egg size group (96.65%), followed by medium (93.33%) and large (90.13%) egg size groups. Maximum hatchability percentage (out of set eggs or fertile eggs) was achieved (pc0.05) in small egg size group (89.67 or 92.74%), followed by medium (83.63 or 89.61%) and large (78.33 or 86.72%, respectively) egg size groups. Maximum embryonic mortality (pc0.05) during incubation was recorded in large size egg group, followed by medium and small egg size groups. At 60 week, an average egg weight of small, medium and large eggs was 63.09, 68.85 and 74.81 g, respectively. Maximum fertility (pc0.05) was found in small egg size group (91.0%), followed by medium (89.33%) and large (85.67%) egg size groups. Similarly, better hatchability percentage (out of set eggs or fertile eggs) was recorded (pc0.05) in small egg size group (82.00 or 90.11%), followed by medium (75.00 or 83.95%) and large (64.33 or 75.08%,) egg size groups. Maximum embryonic mortality (pc0.05) during incubation was seen in large size egg group, followed by medium and small egg size groups.

It was concluded that after peak egg production period controlling the egg size improves hatching performance.

Key words: Egg sizes; Broiler Breeder age; Hatchability; Fertility; Embryonic Mortality
ID: 1163

DIFFERENTIAL AND TARGETED ILLUMINATION IMPROVES REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF THE BROILER BREEDER MALE

J.Bartman*(1), S.Zaguri(1), L.Dishon(1), N.Avital cohen(1), I.Rozenboim(1)

(1) The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: yoanna.bartman@mail.huji.ac.il (Joanna Bartman)

Targeted differential photostimulation (TDP) elevated reproduction in broiler breeder hens. We studied for the first time the effect of TDP on reproductive activities of broiler breeder roosters.

Fifty roosters (Ross 308) at 21 wks of age housed in 5 light controlled rooms with 4 TDP combinations. Two rooms had 2 parallel lighting systems as follows: red light (630 nm) and green light (514 nm). Rooms 3 and 4 had red lighting system along with a blue lighting system (456 nm). Room 5 was illuminated white light and served as Control. Birds of all groups were kept under short day (6L:18D) for 2 wk with both lighting systems set on.

By 23 wks of age, birds photostimulated by increasing one of the spectra to 14 hr while maintaining the other spectra on 6 hr of light. From 31 - 65 wks of age, weekly sperm analysis was conducted: volume, motility, sperm count, vitality and mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm cells. Furthermore, monthly blood samples for plasma hormone levels were drawn. At the end of the experiment hypothalamus, pituitary gland, retina and testicles collected for mRNA gene expression All the statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA test.

The red-green room showed significant elevation in semen quality, plasma testosterone and HPG axis mRNA expression compared to control and other treatment rooms.

In the second trial we investigated the debilitating effect of long day green light. Sixty broiler breeder males were housed in 6 light controlled rooms: 2 control rooms, 2 red-green rooms and 2 green-red rooms. We investigated the role of serotonin in this phenomenon by treating half the population of each treatment group with parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Contrary to expectations, the sperm analysis showed significant elevation in sperm quality of the red-green room treated with PCPA in comparison to all other treatments and control.

For the first time in roosters TDP (14 hrs red light along with 6 hrs of green light) significantly improve in sperm quality, elevated levels of testosterone and mRNA expression from the HPG axis. We suggest that the debilitating effect of long day green light on reproduction of roosters is not related to serotonin activation seen in the hen.
Pluridisciplinary approaches to reach
the One health objectives
ID: 784

PROBIOTIC AND ESSENTIAL OILS IMPROVED GUT HEALTH IN
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS-CHALLENGED BROILERS

C.Jansen van rensburg*(1), D.Steyl(1), A.Reynecke(1), E.Van marle-koster(1)

(1) University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: christinejvr@up.ac.za (Christine Jansen Van Rensburg)

Reduction of in-feed antibiotic growth promoter use increased Clostridium perfringens infection and necrotic enteritis (NE), causing economic losses in the broiler industry. Better understanding of interactions between feed additives, the broiler and its gut health and microbiota may contribute towards successful AGP-free broiler production. A study with a complete randomised block design comprising of five treatments and 12 replications was conducted. Each floor pen replicate contained 23 male Ross 308 broilers. Treatment diets, fed from day-old to 35 days-of-age, included a negative control (no additives), a positive control (including an antibiotic growth promoter, zinc bacitracin), a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis), a blend of essential oil compounds (EO) and a combination of the probiotic and EO. As a challenge, birds received a coccidial vaccine of 10x the prescribed dosage at 10 days-of-age and an oral inoculant of C. perfringens at 14 days-of-age. Growth performance and gut health and morphology at 35 days-of-age were measured, for which significance between treatments was determined by analysis of variance with the general linear model. Means, standard error and significance of differences between means were determined by Fischer's test at the 95% confidence level. Ileal and caecal digesta were collected at 21 and 35 days-of-age for bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing using a customized chip containing 100 selected intestinal bacteria. For microbial diversity, ANOVA was performed on standardised data using a mixed model where all variables were classed. Treatment did not affect growth performance at 35 days-of-age. Broilers from the probiotic and probiotic + EO groups showed significantly shallower duodenal crypts and lower villi/crypt ratios than the negative control. Ileal villi of the probiotic group were significantly longer, while EO supplementation resulted in lower NE scores of the small intestine, as compared to the negative control group. The dominant bacterial phylum regardless of age was Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Microbial diversity in the ileum increased with age, whereas a reduction in diversity with age was evident in the caeca. The probiotic and EO treatments significantly increased ileal Lactobacilli and Lachnospiraceae, respectively, at 35 days-of-age against the negative control. Probiotic and EO feed supplementation elicit positive effects on gut health when broilers were challenged with C. perfringens.
ID: 791

EFFECTS OF DIETARY XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY, AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN LAYING HENS

J.Zhou(1), J.Wang(1), S.Wu(1), Y.Fu(1), W.Wang(1), G.Qi(1), H.Zhang*(1)

(1) Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

Corresponding author mail: qiguanghai@caas.cn (Guang-Hai Qi)

This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in laying hens. In a 12-wk experiment, a total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers (50 wk of age) were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments supplemented with 0, 200 or 400 mg/kg XOS. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 12 birds each. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess statistical significance of alpha diversity metrics. Principal coordinate analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were conducted to compare the microbial structures. Statistical tests for differentially abundant taxa were performed using the linear discriminant analysis effect size method. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. The results showed that hens fed XOS diets exhibited lower feed to egg ratio (wks 7 to 12; P < 0.05). Dietary XOS supplementation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy and nitrogen at the end of the 12th week (P < 0.05). In addition, a higher villus height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum was observed following XOS addition (P < 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity analyses illustrated a higher cecal bacterial richness and a distinct microbial community structure in birds fed with XOS. Composition of cecal microbiota modulated by the XOS addition was characterized by reduced abundances of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Campylobacter concurrent with increases in Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and several short chain fatty acid producers, which may assist with intestinal morphology and boost nutrient utilization. The increased abundance of Lactobacillus and the reduced abundance of Bacteroides may play essential roles in the process according to the correlation analysis. Collectively, dietary XOS addition enhanced nutrient digestibility and ileal morphology in laying hens, leading to a superior feed conversion ratio, which could be partially responsible by the enhancement of bacterial diversity and modulation of microbial composition.

<footnote>*Presenting author</footnote>
ID: 1005

FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF EXUVIAE FROM MEALWORM AND BLACK SOLDIER FLY FOR BROILER CHICKS CHALLENGED WITH COCCIDIOSIS VACCINE

M.Nascimento filho*(1), R.Tatiane pereira(1), A.Santos de oliveira(1), D.Suckeveris(1), A.Burin junior(1), J.Fernando machado menten(1)

(1) University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author** mail: marcosnascimento@alumni.usp.br (Marcos Antonio Nascimento Filho)

This study aimed to evaluate the functional properties of exuviae from Tenebrio molitor (TME) and Hermetia illucens Black Soldier Fly (BSFE) on growth and immune response using coccidiosis vaccine as challenge in broiler chicks. A total of 72 one-d-old male broiler chicks Ross 308 AP were assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replicates (5 chicks/cage) for 21 days. Dietary treatments were: Control, 10% TME and 10% BSFE. Control diet was formulated using 10% of sand as bulk and the sand was replaced with TME or BSFE. Feed and water were available ad libitum and growth performance was monitored. At 14 days of age, chicks from 3 cages per treatment were given 3 mL of coccidiosis vaccine via oral gavage (100x immunization doses, Evalon Hipra) and chicks from other 3 cages per treatment were dosed with sterile saline solution (0.9% w/v) as negative control (NC). Seven days after dosing, blood samples were collected (n=6/treatment) and innate immune response including the activity of the enzymes lysozyme (LYS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and hemolytic activity of the complement system (HACS) were determined by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. Data were analyzed through the GLM Procedure of SAS applying Two-way ANOVA in factorial 2 x 3 (vaccine vs exuviae source) or by comparing means using Student-Newman-Keuls's test (SNK) at p<0.05. Analyzed chemical composition of experimental diets for crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber (dry matter basis) were: Control (24.8; 6.7; 2.6%), TME 10% (31.6;8.2; 4.9%), BSFE 10% (30.5; 7.2; 4.4%). At 14d, chickens fed 10% BSFE had significantly higher BW (530.8 vs 486.7 g) compared to Control. Chicks fed BSFE 10% and TME 10% had significant better feed conversion (1.087; 1.145) compared to Control (1.217). LYS and SOD were significantly increased by 22% and 12% in chicks fed BSFE 10% and NC compared to Control. MPO was also higher in chicks fed TME10% and BSFE10% in NC, by 28% and 24%, respectively. HACS was significantly higher in chicks fed TME10% and BSFE10% in both groups, challenged or not, up to 10% and 21% respectively. The greater effects on performance and on immune response were found in chicks fed BSFE 10%. This appears to be the first study demonstrating the functional properties of insect exuviae as additives in chick diets. Further studies to determine optimal level of exuviae inclusion and the nutritional value for chickens are required.
ID: 1220

INSECT MEAL IMPROVES GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CHICKENS AND HEALTH PARAMETERS UNDER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED INFLAMMATION

R.Pereira*(1), M.Nascimento-filho(1), Á.Burin(1), D.Suckeveris(1), L.Romero(2), A.Santos de oliveira(3), J.Menten(1)

(1) University of São Paulo - ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil, (2) Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, (3) University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: raqueltpr@gmail.com (Raquel Tatiane Pereira)

Functional properties of Tenebrio molitor meal (TM) as an ingredient in diets for chickens were explored in this study from growth performance and health perspectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TM on growth and innate immune response, antioxidant capacity and cecal fermentation of chickens using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an inflammation model. One-day-old male chicks were assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates pens (20 birds/pen) for 35 days. Chickens were fed different levels of full-fat TM: Control, 4% TM, 8% TM and 12% TM. Feed and water were available ad libitum. At 36 days of age, one chicken per pen (n=6/treatment) was injected intra-abdominally with Escherichia coli LPS (serotype 0111:B4; 1.43 mg/kg BW) and one chicken from the same pen (n=6/treatment) was injected with sterile saline solution (0.9% w/v) as the negative control (NC). Following 12 h after LPS injection, blood samples and cecal content were collected. Innate immune response in plasma/serum included lysozyme (LYS), bactericidal (BAE, Escherichia coli and BAS Salmonella gallinarum) activities and hemolytic activity of the complement system (HACS) determined by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant capacity in plasma was assessed by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, acetic, butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric and valeric) in ceca were quantified by chromatography. Data were analyzed through the GLM Procedure of SAS applying Two-way ANOVA in factorial 2 x 4 as the main effects and their interactions (LPS vs levels TM) or by comparing means using Student-Newman-Keuls's test (SNK) at p<0.05. At 35d, chickens fed 4% TM had significantly higher BW (2.791 vs 2.637 kg) compared to Control, with no difference in feed conversion and feed intake. LYS and HACS were significantly higher, up to 43% and 26% respectively, in chickens fed TM in both groups LPS challenged and NC. BAS and BAE were significantly higher in chickens fed TM and NC not challenged, up to 47% and 18% respectively. SOD activity in plasma was increased up to 27% in chickens receiving TM and LPS challenged. Cecal butyrate and valerate were significantly higher in TM4% and TM12%. The greater effects on performance and on health parameters were found in chickens fed TM 4%. These findings provide insights of the Tenebrio meal functional properties on improving growth performance and its effects on health by modulating innate immune response of broiler chickens.
ID: 1297

# ORGANIZATION OF AN ANTIMICROBIAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND PRODUCTION OF SAFE POULTRY PRODUCTS

S.Svetlana*(1)

(1) Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine", Saint-petersburg, Russia

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: svetlana.shchepetkina@animal-health.ru (Shchepetkina Svetlana)

The main types of poultry farming in Russia are the large size of poultry enterprises (from 1 to 3-4 million heads per site). Scaling up production was achieved mainly due to the densification and obtaining more kilograms of meat/eggs per unit area. This cause technological stress and a decrease in the immunity, as a result - the passage and increase in virulence of the own microflora provokes the incidence of poultry by viral, parasitic and bacterial diseases.

The main measures to curb the spread of microorganisms is to increase the number of antimicrobials and their residual amounts fall into meat and eggs. The consequence is the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. More than 60% of enterobacteria in Russia are resistant to fluoroquinolones of all generations.

We have developed an antimicrobial control system (SCAMP, ACS) that allows to abandon the administration of antibiotics and produce safe poultry products in large-scale production. The technology is based on optimizing the system of diagnostic, treatment and prophylactic anti-epizootic, veterinary-sanitary and general business measures at each specific poultry enterprise. A mandatory component of the technology is the state veterinary control of residual amounts of antibiotics for each batch of products (the content should be "0" within the minimum values of currently known methods) and epidemiologically significant microorganisms (Salmonella, Listeria).

SCAMP has been developed at the largest poultry enterprises in the Russian Federation. The development of SCAMP technology at Business Food Sphere LLC (one turn of the cycle - 10,200,000 heads/capacity of 8.5 thousand tons per month) took 2 years. The number of antibiotics used from 9 (!)was reduced to one in 2018, and at the moment, antibiotics are not used at all. At the largest egg poultry factory of Sinyavinskaya JSC (5.4 million laying hens, 1.35 billion eggs were produced in 2018), the development of the technology took 2 years and has significantly reduced production costs - from 50-60 to 20 million rubles per month. Both companies received permission to mark the registered trademark "Antibiotic free" in the voluntary certification system of Rosstandart.

Thus, the organization of SCAMP under conditions of production scaling is economically viable, provides a solution to the problem of antimicrobial resistance in poultry farming and allows the production of large volumes of poultry products that are safe for people.
ID: 1307

# EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AVIAN ROTAVIRUSES GROUP A IN THAILAND

P.Netrabukkana\*(1), S.Khucharoentaworn(2), C.Moongkundar(2), N.Romlamduan(3)

(1) Avian Veterinary Services, Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (Thailand), Bangkok, Thailand, (2) Animal health Diagnostic Center, Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (Thailand), Bangkok, Thailand, (3) Avian Veterinary Services, Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (Thailand), Bangkok, Thailand

**Corresponding author mail:** punnaporn.net@cpf.co.th (Punnaporn Netrabukkana)

Viral enteric diseases in poultry have a significant economic impact due to poor weight gain. Running and stunting syndrome and diarrhea in broilers may be affected by avian rotaviruses (RVs) that are among the most important viruses causing gastrointestinal diseases of birds worldwide. RVs are classified in the family Reoviridae. The strains of RVs including groups A to H are categorized based on viral structure protein 6. The avian RV group A (RV-A) has been primarily found in poultry. In this study, the presence and distribution of RV-A were investigated to determine the prevalence of RV-A in different bird species throughout Thailand. A total of 333 avian fecal samples from different farm types were collected. The RV-A RNA extraction and detection were performed using conventional RT-PCR. Potential risk factors associated with RV-A shedding in poultry were assessed by statistical analyses. A overall prevalence of RV-A infections was high in Thai poultry. In total, 12.9% of all specimens (43/333) were positive for avian RV-A. All samples were obtained from asymptomatic poultry. The prevalence of RV-A shedding in broiler breeders were highest among bird species (38.1%). Birds in the age group from 11 to 20 weeks were more likely to shed RNA than other age groups (31.6%). There was no statistical significance between RV-A infections and farm type. The shedding rates were significantly increased in farms in the southern part of Thailand (25.0%). The climate conditions in the southern region appear to favor the existence of RV-A. The results of this study provide the first epidemiological data of avian RV-A infections in Thailand. Interestingly, subclinical shedding were found in all bird species. Further investigation on the effects of RV-A infections on growth performance and egg production should be performed. In addition, interspecies transmissions of RV-A should be studied in the future.

**References:**

Estes MK, Kapikian AZ. Rotaviruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields Virology. Volume 2. 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins; 2007.

Otto PH, Ahmed MU, Hotzel H, Machnowska P, Reetz J, Roth B, et al. Detection of avian rotaviruses of groups a, D, F and G in diseased chickens and turkeys from Europe and Bangladesh. Vet Microbiol. 2012;156:8-15.

Pauly M, Oni OO, Sausy A, Owoade AA, Christopher AO, Claude PM, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Avian Rotaviruses Group A and D shed by different bird species in Nigeria. Virol. J. 2017; 14:111

<footnote>\*Presenting author</footnote>
Poultry production for insuring food security
ID: 659

# THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF INTENSIVE PRODUCTION OF INDIGENOUS CHICKENS: A STUDY IN MYANMAR

R.Pym*(1), J. Henning(2)

(1) University of Queensland, Taringa, Australia, (2) University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: r.pym@uq.edu.au (Robert Pym)

The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate the economic viability of intensive housing and feeding of village chickens in Myanmar, as a means of improving productivity, in a project supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.

Four trials were undertaken in Myanmar between April 2017 and February 2019 to develop suitable housing systems for intensive production of village chickens, and to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growth performance of these birds kept under intensive production. The details and results of these studies will be reported elsewhere, but for the purposes of this paper and presentation, the data obtained was used to determine the potential profitability of such production over a range of growth rates to a typical market weight of 1.3 kg. Calculation was made of food intakes and costs for village chickens growing at the different rates, using simple spreadsheet modelling. Costs and prices were determined from data obtained from village chicken farmers and wholesalers and from feed millers. Maintenance energy requirements increased linearly with age required to reach market liveweight, which caused food intake and FCR to increase commensurately resulting in a substantial increase in food cost.

Overall the study demonstrated that whilst optimal economic performance from these birds, as a consequence of their considerably lower genetic potential for growth than broilers, may be achieved on diets with lower nutrient specifications than commercial broiler diets, profitable production requires relatively good growth performance, particularly where sale price per kg is relatively low. Considerably more work is required to define the nutrient requirements of these birds in order to develop optimal diets to maximise economic performance. Issues of consumer acceptability of the younger intensively reared birds, and the impact of increased production and bird numbers on market price, need to be evaluated. The study invites direct comparison with the cost effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving productivity of extensive semi-scavenging production, principally through a reduction in the attrition rate of chicks and in the mortality in older birds.
# ROLE OF BACKYARD POULTRY FARMS IN IMPROVING INCOME LEVEL AND LIVELIHOODS OF VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS

N.Mukhtar*(1), N.Awan(2)

(1) PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, (2) Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: nmukhtar@uaar.edu.pk (Nasir Mukhtar)

Improving income level and livelihoods of vulnerable people is an important theme of today's development paradigm. Government of less developed countries are investing handsome amount of budget to decrease these concerns especially in the rural settings. As the study was conducted in field, in a non-contrived environment, so various methods of group and individual interviews were used to collect data of the households. Many open ended questions were than translated in to logical results by the professionals which were than used for illustration by improvement and modulation in the activity. Following Participatory Rural Appraisal tools were applied for data collection like, Transect Walk, Participant observation, Daily routine charts, Semi structure interviewing, Seasonal calendar, Venn Diagram, Well-being ranking and Local history. Door to door assessment (data) was than collected by the oficials on certain formats to know the poverty, vulnerability, food consumption scores and other related data from the household. Assessments forms were than taken to the data base assistant for entry and compilation of reports. Data was than analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS-16. T-Test two tailed were used to compare means of the data and extracting information. Chi-Square testing was also applied to interpret various results. Data shows 30 % rise in their income but 10.10% of household achieved minimum wage rate i.e. About 8000 Pakistani rupees and minimum food basket. Approximately 617 eggs were produced by each household during the three months. Data shows the number of eggs produced month wise and their segregation in sold and used eggs. Data tells the that 61 % of amount was consumed on purchasing other food items while none of the beneficiary reported to invest this amount in procuring agriculture items like seeds, crops and other tools required for agriculture. About 29 % of they gave preference to non-farm livelihoods activities like buying livestock sheep, cattle through this amount. Only 6 % endow this money in Children's. It is concluded that small scale family poultry improves the income level and livelihoods through eggs marketing. This intervention, if designed, planned and implemented in a proper way plays an important part in eradicating poverty and reducing a disparity between rich and poor.
ID: 1191

# CHARACTERIZATION OF ASEEL CHICKEN FOR REPRODUCTION, GROWTH AND PRODUCTION TRAITS UP TO 72 WEEKS OF AGE

R.Ullengala*(1), R.M.v.l.n(1), C.Paswan(1), L.Prince(1), R.S.v.(1), R.Chatterjee(1)

(1) ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India

**Corresponding author mail:** ullengala@yahoo.com (Rajkumar Ullengala)

Aseel, an important native chicken breed of India is known for its martial qualities, pugnacity and agility. The Aseel birds are characterized by multi coloured plumage, pea comb, upright body with majestic gait. The objective of the study is to conserve and characterize the Aseel germplasm without compromising the natural characters. The birds were maintained in deep litter management under a backyard type of housing with a free range facility for movement of the birds to retain the breed characteristics at ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The data collected from 251 birds (149 hens and 102 cocks) in G-4 generation on various growth and production traits were studied. The data were recorded separately for males and females from 20 weeks of age and analyzed for effect of sex.

A total of 541 chicks were produced utilizing 40 sires and 120 dams in random mating with pooled semen maintaining the plumage patterns in the population. The fertility was 74.38% and hatchability was 64.61% on fertile eggs set and 48.15% on total eggs set. The body weight and shank length of Aseel at 4, 6 and 12 weeks of age were 143.2±1.12, 309.4 ± 3.22, 877.9 ± 6.75 g and 44.86±0.42, 60.88±0.85, 95.38 ± 1.10 mm, respectively. The adult body weight at 20, 40, 52 and 72 weeks of age was 1411 ± 18.67, 1840 ± 21.11, 2076 ± 23.22, 2500 ± 30.45 g in hens and 1947 ± 23.85, 2246 ± 25.14, 3234 ± 28.44 and 3490 ± 37.41 g in cocks, respectively. The adult body weight significantly (P<0.05) differed between the sexes indicating the sexual dimorphism. The age at sexual maturity was 198 ± 5 days. The egg production up to 40 and 52 weeks of age was 17.23 ±0.71 and 30.68±1.01 eggs, respectively. The egg weight at 40 and 52 weeks was 45.34±0.88 and 49.03±0.92 g, respectively. The annual egg production up to 72 weeks of age was 58.10±3.21 eggs with an egg weight of 52.28±0.96 g in Aseel chicken. All the birds showed broodiness during the production cycle. Broody hens were disturbed by dipping in water to bring them back in to production. The Aseel chicks were distributed to the farmers enabling the in situ conservation of the breed in field conditions. The Aseel chickens were maintained in a backyard system close to natural habitat and were able to retain the natural characters. Efforts are on to improve the Aseel chicken for growth and production without losing the natural characters.

<footnote>*Presenting author</footnote>
Reducing the environmental impacts
of poultry production
ID: 813

THE EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS AND WHEAT BRAN SUPPLEMENTATION
OF BROILER DIETS ON SEVERAL EXCRETA PARAMETERS AND THE
DYNAMICS OF AMMONIA EMISSION

N.Such*(1), L.Wágner(1), V.Farkas(1), G.Csitári(1), M.Đukic stojcic(2), L.Peric(2), D.Žikic(2), L.Pál(1), K.Dublecz(1)

(1) Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary, (2) University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Novi sad, Serbia

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: nikoletta.such@gmail.com (Nikoletta Such)

Several studies have shown that animal nutrition can influence the N-
excretion of animals and the amount of ammonia emission from the
manure. Numerous research findings have been published on the
practical effects of pro- and prebiotics, but their impact on the urinary and
faecal N excretion in chickens has not been completely clarified yet. In the
present study the effects of two single strain probiotics and wheat bran
was investigated on the proportion of different N-forms, the pH values
and the dry matter content of excreta. 48 Ross 308 broiler chicks were
housed in individual cages and fed 6 different diets: 1. commercial corn
and soybean based control diet (C)
2. control + lactic acid-producing
probiotics (LAB)
3. control + butyrate-producing probiotic bacteria (BAB)
4. control + wheat bran (WB)
5. control + wheat bran + lactic acid-
producing probiotic bacteria (WB + LAB)
6. control + wheat bran +
butyrate producing bacteria (WB + BAB). The selected single-strain
probiotics contained Lactobacillus farciminis (LAB) and Clostridium
butyricum (BAB).Wheat bran content of the starter, grower and finisher
diets were 3, 6 and 6% respectively. At day 37, representative excreta
samples from each bird were collected and analysed for the above
mentioned parameters. The difference between the dry matter content of
treatment C (21.41%) and BAB (27.71%) were significant, and both
probiotics decreased the amount of excreted uric acid. Treatment WB
resulted in a significantly lower NH+4-N concentration of excreta and a
tendency toward reduced uric acid content. Treatment LAB reduced the
urinary N ratio of excreta.

Based on our results, similar to pigs, the soluble fibre fraction of poultry
diets can also modify the urinary to faecal N ratio of the excreta.
Towards longer carriers in layers
ID: 793

# EFFECTS OF DIETARY BACILLUS SUBTILIS SUPPLEMENTATION AND CALCIUM LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE, EGGSHELL QUALITY AND CALCIUM METABOLISM OF LAYING HENS IN THE LATE PHASE OF PRODUCTION

J.Wang(1), C.Cui(1), S.Wu(1), H.Zhang(1), G.Qi(1), J.Wang*(1)

(1) Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: qiguanghai@caas.cn (Guang-Hai Qi)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS) supplementation and calcium (Ca) levels on performance, eggshell quality, calcium metabolism and calbindin-D28k (CALB1) mRNA level of laying hens in the late phase of production. An experiment employing a 2×3 factorial design of two levels of BS (0 CFU/kg and 2×109 CFU/kg) and three levels of Ca (3.5%, 4.0% and 4.5%), was carried out with a total of 572 Hy-Line Brown laying hens from 72-wk-old to 79-wk-old. Each group had 8 replicates of 12 birds each. The BS used was a naturally occurring strain of B.subtilis C-3102 (CALSPORIN; provided by Shanghai Muguan Enterprise Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China). The probiotic contained more than 1× 1010 CFU/g of B. subtilis spore. The diets contained TiO2 to determine apparent retention (AR) of Ca. Eggshell mechanical quality of laying hens were recorded by the end of feeding trial (the 79th wk-old). All analyses were performed using SPSS Version 19.0 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY). Main effects of Ca level and BS and their interactions were analyzed using the multivariate general linear model. One-way ANOVA was used to detect differences among groups and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed 4.0% and 4.5% Ca levels both affected (P < 0.05) AR of Ca and serum Ca content of aged laying hens. Compared with 3.5% Ca level, 4.0% Ca level in diets increased (P < 0.05) thickness, eggshell weight, shell ratio and eggshell Ca content of aged laying hens. Moreover, breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight, shell ratio, eggshell Ca content, AR of Ca, serum Ca level and CALB1 mRNA level of aged laying hens were all increased (P < 0.05) by 4.0% Ca level with BS supplementation in diets compared with 3.5% Ca level alone. And supplemental BS with 4.0% Ca level decreased FCR (P = 0.001) significantly. In addition, 4.0% Ca level with BS addition increased (P < 0.05) thickness, shell ratio, eggshell Ca content, AR of Ca, and CALB1 mRNA level of aged laying hens compared with a combination of 3.5% Ca level with BS supplementation. In conclusion, 4.0% Ca level in diets with BS supplementation could increase intestinal Ca absorption to improve eggshell quality of laying hens in the late phase of production (72 to 79 wk of age). When BS addition is present in diet, calcium content should be increased to 4.0% for improving eggshell quality.
# ADAPTED ANTI-AGING MANAGEMENT OF LAYER PARENT STOCK

F.De meester*(1), R.Zweifel(2), S.Mueller(3)

(1) DMF-EU Ltd Co, Gliwice, Pitcairn islands, (2) Aviforum Foundation, Zollikofen, Tanzania, (3) Aviforum Foundation, Zollikofen, Switzerland

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: mueller@aviforum.ch (Sabine Mueller)

Aging, the effect of time on living species, reflects the slow-down of genetically-encoded biological processes as time passes by. Clocks involved are themselves imprinted at the genetic level, their daily 24 h fine-tuning being adjusted by a central clock in the brain - the so-called suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN - itself referenced to the median position of the sun. The revolution of the earth on its own axis though takes 23 h 56 min only, resulting into a daily 4-min dephasing between a day-time with the sun taken as a "light" reference (the genetic contribution) and that with the sun taken as a "magnet" reference (the memetic contribution). From that perspective then, one can attempt at defining aging as the accrued dephasing - 4 min daily - between the body (genetic part) and the mind (memetic counterpart) as time passes by, for a total of 24 h annually.

**Hypothesis:** An unconscious daily time-contraction of 4 min of the circadian biological cycle of any living species on earth cancels out the effect of time (not time per se).

Layers of the parent stock were therefore submitted to lighting regimes responding to either the sun clock (24 h) or the sidereal clock (23 h 56 min) timescale while their performances in terms of egg production were monitored. The experiment took place in the experimental barn of Aviforum, Switzerland, with 600 Nick Chick and 600 Brown Nick females and 60 males of each hybrid. The birds were kept in four pens of 330 animals each and received the same layer feed containing linseed. They had ad libitum access to the feed.

**Results:** (i) Chicken layers on the sidereal clock regime show constant production with no apparent effect of time on laying performances, and (ii) the return to the sun clock regime translates into the rapid loss of the sidereal counterpart benefits.

In conclusion, sidereal clock farming shows promising potential farming results in sun light-proven confined environment.
Understanding the microbiome for an
improved management of Health and
Welfare
ID: 127

# THE DISCOVERY OF HUNDREDS OF NOVEL MEMBERS OF THE CHICKEN CAECAL MICROBIOTA USING METAGENOMIC SEQUENCING

L.Glendinning*(1), R.Stewart(2), M.Pallen(3), K.Watson(2), M.Watson(2)

(1) The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (2) University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (3) Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** laura.glendinning@roslin.ed.ac.uk (Laura Glendinning)

The microbes which inhabit the chicken caeca play an important role in chicken nutrition, principally by converting dietary fibre into short chain fatty acids which can be used as an energy source by the host. They also play an important role in pathogen protection and the development of the immune system. By utilising sequencing data we are able to construct microbial genomes from these communities, allowing us to gain a greater understanding of their diversity and function. In this study we extracted DNA from the caecal contents of 24 chickens, 12 of which belonged to a slower-growing breed (Ranger Classic) and 12 of which belonged to a faster-growing breed (Ross 308). Birds were fed either a vegetable-only diet or a diet containing dietary fish meal. DNA was sequenced using shotgun sequencing on an Ilumina NovaSeq. Reads were assembled then binned to construct metagenome assembled genomes.

Using 1.6T of sequencing data we constructed 469 high-quality draft bacterial genomes, which included 283 novel species (5 of which were Lactobacillus) and 42 novel genera. We then mapped our genomes to metagenomic data generated by a previous study of commercial chicken farms across nine EU countries, demonstrating that our genomes were abundant in chickens from all nine of the countries studied. We also compared the abundance of our genomes and their carbohydrate-active enzymes between our samples, finding significant differences between birds from different lines and on different diets, as well as a core microbiome shared between all groups. In conclusion, we have substantially increased the amount of chicken microbiota derived genomes present in public databases through the construction of metagenome assembled genomes. Our data can be used as a reference for future studies of the structure and function of the chicken microbiota.
THE EFFECT OF A MULTI-CARBOHYDRASE ENZYME AND YEAST-DERIVED PRODUCT ON INTESTINAL MICROBIOME STRUCTURE AND GUT FUNCTION OF TURKEYS

A.Rogiewicz*(1), A.Jozefiak(2), D.Mikulski(3), J. Juckiewicz(4), Z.Zdunczyk(4), J. Jankowski(5), D. Jozefiak k(6), R.Patterson(7), B.Slominski(1)

(1) Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, (2) Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland, (3) Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland, (4) Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland, (5) Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Portugal, (6) Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland, (7) Canadian Bio-Systems, Calgary, Canada

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: bogdan.slominski@umanitoba.ca (Bogdan Slominski)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme (E) and its combination with an enzymatically-modified yeast cell wall (Y) on the abundance of ileal and cecal microbiota and gut function of turkeys. The experimental diets, including the control (C), C+E, and C+E+Y, were fed to 7 replicate pens of 4 birds each from 22 to 56 days of age. In comparison to C, consecutive effects of E and E+Y on gut microbiome were observed. The addition of E+Y resulted in a decrease in relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes (from 86.9 to 61.7; P=0.010), including the family Lactobacillaceae (from 57.8 to 23.2; P=0.074), and was followed by a significant increase in the number of Actinobacteria (from 2.5 to 14.5; P=0.036), including the family Bifidobacteriaceae (from 2.2 to 15.6; P=0.003), Cyanobacteria (from 2.9 to 15.1; P=0.065), and Proteobacteria (from 1.1 to 3.0; P=0.026) in the ileal digesta. A significant decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes was not followed by the order Clostridiales (26.1 vs. 30.3) with the family Ruminococcaceae, the butyrate-producing bacteria, showing somewhat, although not significant (P>0.05), increase in their relative abundance (2.8 vs. 6.9). This coincided with an increased concentration of butyric acid in the ileal digesta (P=0.023), as well as the proportion of butyric acid within the total SCFA content (P=0.022). As opposed to the ileum, the addition of E or E+Y did not affect the abundance of Firmicutes in the ceca. Within this phylum, however, the E+Y diet increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (from 11.2 to 17.5; P=0.049) and Blautia (from 5.9 to 11.1; P=0.027). Furthermore, a trend towards increased abundance of Proteobacteria (P=0.066) and Enterobacteriales (P=0.067) was observed. The addition of E+Y increased the activities of bacterial a-arabinopyranosidase, a-arabinofuranosidase, β-xylosidase and β-cellobiosidase. The SCFA content of the cecal digesta was much higher than that of ileum, which would reflect differences in microbial activities in both compartments as well as possible increased rate of absorption of SCFA, including butyric acid, from the ileum. In this context, butyrate is the preferred energy source for the epithelial intestinal cells and has been implicated in the prevention of intestinal inflammation. Overall, it appears evident that the positive effects of enzyme and yeast supplements on bacterial communities would be more pronounced in the small intestine.
ID: 675

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON PERFORMANCE AND GUT HEALTH STATUS OF BROILERS UNDER NECROTIC ENTERITIS CONDITIONS

C.Keerqin(1), L.Rhayat(2), P.Thiery*(3), Z.Zhang(4), K.Gharib-naseri(5), S.Kheravii(5), E.Devillard(6), T.Crowley(7), S.Wu(5)

(1) University of New England, Animal Science ERS, Armidale, Australia, (2) ADISSEO FRANCE SAS, Malicorne, France, (3) ADISSEO France SAS, Antony, France, (4) Deakin University, School of Medicine, MMR, Bioinformatics Core Research Facility, Geelong, Australia, (5) University of New England, Animal Science, ERS, Armidale, Australia, (6) ADISSEO France SAS, CERN, Malicorne, France, (7) Deakin University, School of Medicine, MMR, Bioinformatics Core Research Facility, Geelong, Australia

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: eric.pinloche@adisseo.com (Eric Pinloche)

The current study investigated the benefit of a Bacillus subtilis derived probiotic (Bs 29784) in necrotic enteritis (NE) challenged broiler chickens. The study used 312 male day-old Ross 308 reared in floor pens from d0 to d35. It was conducted with four treatments: two control diets without or with NE challenge (CtrlNC and CtrlNE respectively); two treatment diets of probiotic (Alterion 500 mg/kg) and antibiotic (Zn Bacitracin 4.4 mg/kg) supplements both with NE challenge (ProNE and AntNE). Diets comprised standard wheat and soybean-meal based formula. NE challenge procedures commenced with Eimeria spp 1ml/bird per os at d9 and Clostridium perfringens EHE-NE18 (approx. 108 CFU/ml) 1ml/bird per os at d14 and 15. Performance parameters, samples for 16S next-generation sequencing (NGS) in caecal content and gene expression analysis from jejunal tissue were obtained on d16 and/or d35. ANOVA procedure of XLSTAT, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for performance/gene expression, microbiome relative abundance and Alpha diversity comparison among multi-groups, respectively.

It was observed that NE challenge significantly suppressed the performance parameters (27% weight gain reduction, 11 points FCR increase at d16, and 12% weight gain reduction, 5 points FCR increase at d35) compared to CtrlNC. By d35, ProNE and AntNE treatments enabled significantly higher weight gain (approx. 4% and 9%, respectively) than CtrlNE. Compared with CtlrNE, and contrary to AntNE, ProNE treatment exhibited upregulation of genes coding for tight junctions proteins (CLDN1, JAM2, TJP1), cytokines (IL12, IFNγ, TGFβ) and Toll-like receptors (TLR5, TLR21) suggesting enhanced immunity and intestinal integrity. Besides, 16S NGS analysis of caecal microbiota at d16 showed a decreased alpha diversity in challenged groups. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) analysis of OTUs abundance revealed that ProNE and AntNE grouped closely while CtrlNC and CtrlNE grouped separately, indicating the similarity of OTUs between ProNE and AntNE birds that were however different from both CtrlNC and CtrlNE birds. Microbiota analysis also revealed an increase of genera Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus and a decrease of genera Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, in addition to a decrease of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in ProNE and AntNE groups compared with CtlrNE group. It is concluded that Bs 29784 may enable improved health of broiler chickens under NE conditions.

.
ID: 803

# COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHICKEN GUT MICROBIOTA: AN EVOLUTIONARY STUDY

S.Tomar*(1), V.Saxena(2)

(1) ICAR- Central Avian Research Institute Izatnagar, 243122, India, Bareilly, India, (2) ICAR-CARI, Bareilly, India

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** simmitomar@rediffmail.com (Simmi Tomar)

Recent metagenomics studies have revealed detailed information on broiler chicken GIT microbial diversity reared under intensive management system. The Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus) is the primary progenitor of the domestic chicken. Objective of the study was the comparative evaluation of GIT metagenomic profiles based on 16S rRNA sequencing of RJF, Indian native fowl and commercial broiler for evolutionary study. RJF dwell in natural habitat under scavenging, the GIT microbiome analysis in RJF will help to throw light on evolutionary pattern of GIT microbiome traversing from RJF to modern poultry strains as well may lead to identifying novel probiotic.

Materials and methods- RJF procured from forest after permission of wildlife warden and Indigenous chickens were obtained from different villages of Assam, India. For metagenomic analysis, sample were collected from the crop and cecum pooled for DNA isolation and NGS analysis. Metagenomic DNA from each sample was extracted using and cDNA Library was prepared by amplification of V2-V3 hypervariable region of 16s rRNA, with specific primer. Sequencing was performed by Ion Torrent Method and generated data was analyzed by MG-RAST software and Greengenes database. Relative distribution of microbial communities was assessed at different taxonomic level between crop and caecum.

Results- NGS of Crop, jejunum, and caecum of adult Red Jungle fowl revealed 98.8%, 99.8% and 99.9% of bacteria, respectively. The taxonomic distribution at genus levels of RJF revealed 78.76%, 98.41% and 10.41% of lactobacillus bacteria in crop, jejunum, and caecum microbiota, respectively. The crop microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus whereas the caecum microbiota dominated by Bacteroides and Clostridium. In native chicken taxonomic profiling Fermicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were dominant. First report of Lactobacillus species such as L. frumenti, L. antri, L. mucosae in chicken crop along with Kineococcus radiotolerans, Desulfohalobium retbaense and L. jensenii in chicken caecum. The genus level comparison of whole gut microbiome of red jungle fowl, native chicken, and broiler chicken revealed 62.27%, 50.15% and 11% of lactobacillus, respectively. In conclusion, comparative microbiome analysis revealed an evolutionary pattern of shift in Lactobacillus abundance from Red Jungle Fowl to Desi to high yielding broilers- Highest count in Red Jungle Fowl and lowest in broiler.
THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING WHEAT BRAN ON SOME GUT PARAMETERS
AND CAECAL MICROBE COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKENS

K.Dublecz*(1), N.Such(1), L.Wagner(1), V.Farkas(1), G.Csitari(2), L.Pal(1), A.Molnar(1)

(1) University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary, (2) Unversity of Pannonia, Kesthely, Hungary
*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: dublecz@georgikon.hu (Karoly Dublecz)

There is an increased demand to identify nutritional tools which can
improve gut health of farm animals. Although numerous studies have
been carried out on the microbe composition of chicken gut microbiota,
there is still a gap of knowledge and inconsistency of results. Wheat bran
contains high amounts of soluble fibre, mostly arabinoxylans, which
cannot be degraded by the host, but fermented in the caeca. Since the
caeca plays especially important role in controlling the potential
pathogens and zoonotic bacteria, in the current study the effects of
feeding wheat bran containing broiler diets on some caecal parameters
was investigated. In total, 288 male Ross 308 day-old chickens were
divided into two dietary treatment groups using six replicate pens of 24
chickens. A corn-soybean based control diet (C) and wheat bran
containing diets (WB) were formulated and fed ad libitum. The feed
intake, weight gain and feed conversion of birds were measured for each
phase and for the whole fattening period. On day 37, 2 chickens per pen
were slaughtered and caecal chymus samples were taken for caecal pH,
short-chain fatty acid composition and for caecal microbiota analyses.
Samples from one pen were pooled and 16S rRNA gene targeted Illumina
MiSeq sequencing was used for microbiota analysis. Wheat bran
supplementation did not affect the production parameters, caecal pH and
SCFA composition, but increased the caecal crypt depth significantly.
Predominant bacterial phyla in all sampling groups were Bacteriodetes
(57,5%-59,0%), Firmicutes (30,8%-37,2%), Verrucomicrobia (0,0%-5,9%)
and Proteobacteria (0,5%-2%). At genus level Bacteriodes,
Oscillospira and Faecalibacterium were dominant in the control, whereas
Bacteroides, Akkermansia and Parabacteroides in the WB group. The only
significant wheat bran effect on the microbe composition was the
significantly higher relative abundance of Accermansia muciniphila. A.
muciniphila is a recently identified resident of the human intestinal
microflora, showing strong probiotic activities. From the results it can be
concluded, that the oligosaccharides of wheat bran can promote the
colonization of this bacteria. Further research needed to get more
understandings on its effect in the chicken caeca.

This research was partly supported by the European Regional Development Fund of the
European Union in the frames of the Széchenyi 2020 Programme, under project number
GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00054.
ID: 882

SELECTIVE AND RESHAPED EARLY DOMINANT MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN THE CECUM WITH SIMILAR PROPORTIONS AND BETTER HOMOGENIZATION AND SPECIES DIVERSITY DUE TO ORGANIC ACIDS AS AGP ALTERNATIVES MEDIATE THEIR EFFECTS ON BROILERS GROWTH

Y.Hu(1), Y.Wu(2), Y.Han(2), S.Shi*(1)

(1) Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yangzhou, China, Yangzhou, China, (2) Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, Netherlands, Amersfoort, Netherlands

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: ssr236@163.com (Shourong Shi)

Understanding the differences in microbial communities shaped by different food selective forces, especially during early post-hatch period, is critical to gain insight into how to select, evaluate, and improve antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) alternatives in food animals. As a model system, commercial diet-administered OAs (DOAs) and water-administered OAs (WOAs) were used separately or in combination as Virginiamycin alternatives for broiler feeding during two growth phases: 1-21 days and 22-42 days. Among these three OA-treated groups, the DOA group was most similar to the AGP group in the composition and the proportion of these dominant bacterial communities at the level of phylum, family, and genus in cecal chyme of broilers. Sub-therapeutic Virginiamycin decreased the richness, homogenization, and species diversity of gut microbiota, especially in the early growth stage from days 1 to 21. Among these three OA supplementation schemes, it was clear that DOA supplementation was more likely to increase or maintain the richness, homogenization, species diversity, and predicted gene functions of cecal microbiota in treated broilers than either no supplementation or AGP supplementation during two experimental stages. The interference of DOA treatment with early colonization of probiotics and pathogens in broiler cecum was the most similar to AGP treatment, and OAs did not cause the occurrence of Virginiamycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus at the end of this trial. In terms of the predicted gene functions of the microbiota, AGP and DOA treatments provided a similar selective force for microbial metabolism functions in the cecum of broiler chickens, especially in the early growth stage. Noticeably, the relative abundance of some microbiome that was modified by Virginiamycin or DOA supplementation was significantly correlated with body weight gain and KEGG pathway analysis-annotated gene functions such as replication and repair, translation, nucleotide metabolism, and so on. With the comprehensive analysis of these results and practical application, shortened DOA supplementation, after optimization of the amount of addition, would be a suitable alternative to sub-therapeutic Virginiamycin. It was suggested that the programed intestinal microecology under such early selection forces and the effective addition time may be the key elements to focus on the designed alternate strategies of AGPs in food animals.
# Working groups

## Construction of egg quality
CHOLESTEROL CONTENT AND FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN ENRICHED N-3
PUFA AND CONVENTIONAL EGGS

G.Kralik*(1), Z.Kralik(2), O.Galovic(3), D.Hanžek(2)

(1) Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Nutricin j.d.o.o., Osijek, Croatia, (2) Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Osijek, Croatia, (3) Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Department of Chemistry,, Osijek, Croatia

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: zlata.kralik@fazos.hr (Zlata Kralik)

Eggs are a source of quality proteins, fats and micronutrients. Their
composition causes controversy in nutritionists' opinions because of the
saturated fat and cholesterol content (3 g and 200-300 mg/100 g,
respectively). Recent studies have linked the content of n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids to cholesterol levels in egg yolks. This study
was conducted to examine the mentioned assumption. Cholesterol and n-
3 PUFA content in egg yolks enriched with n-3 PUFA (ALA, EPA, and DHA)
and conventional eggs (control) were investigated. The fatty acid profile
was determined according to the method of Csapo et al. (1987), and
cholesterol content was determined by a modified method of
Albuquerque et al. (2016). A total of 20 eggs, 10 n-3 PUFAs and 10
control eggs from farm-raised TETRA-SL laying hens were analyzed. In
the n-3 PUFA eggs, 1179.25 mg/100 g of egg yolk cholesterol was found,
and in the control eggs 1287.46 mg/100 g of egg yolk, respectively. The
difference of 108.21 mg/100 g of egg yolk or 8.4% was not statistically
significant (P >0.05). The fatty acid profile in n-3 PUFA eggs relative to
the K group was as follows: SFA 30.55 : 35.89% (P 0.05), and n-3 PUFA
4.74 : 0.82% (P <0.001). ALA content was 2.28 : 0.26%, EPA 0.31 :
0.14%, and DHA 2.20 : 0.43%; P <0.001. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the
enriched eggs was 5.11 and in the conventional eggs 23.73 (P <0.001).
Our results show the trend of reducing the cholesterol content in n-3
PUFA eggs relative to the control group and are consistent with the citation
of multiple authors. According to the literature, total n-3 PUFAs can
increase in egg yolks up to six times compared to the control eggs. In our
study, the content of n-3 PUFA increased in egg yolks 5.87-fold in
comparison with the control. Based on the results of our study, it can be
concluded that in n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs, the cholesterol content is
reduced and the n-3/n-3 PUFA ratio is significantly improved compared to
the conventional eggs.
ID: 230

INTERNAL QUALITY OF EGGS COATED WITH PECTIN BIOFILM

V.Dos santos*(1), G.Da Silva Oliveira(2), J.Carvalho Rodrigues(3)

(1) Instituto Fedreal de Brasília (IFB), Brasília, Brazil, (2) Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil, (3) Instituto Federal de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: vinicius.santos@ifb.edu.br (Vinícius Machado Dos Santos)

Pectin is an important industrial processing byproduct of several fruits and has potential as a component of films. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of pectin biofilm on the maintenance of internal egg characteristics measured by Haugh index. A total of 240 brown eggs were obtained from GLN line laying hens at 40 weeks-old. The biofilm was sprayed onto egg surface using a hand sprayer. To obtain Haugh Unit (HU), the logarithmic relationship between albumen height (mm) and egg weight (g) was taken into account, applying the formula HU = 100log (H + 7.57-1.7W0.37). Eggs were classified as AA - excellent when the HU measures between 100 and 72, as A - high quality between 71 and 60, as B - average quality between 59 and 30 and as C - low quality between 29 and 0. The experimental design was completely randomized with 20 treatments in a factorial scheme: 2 biofilms (with and without) x 2 storage temperatures (refrigerator: 5°C and environment: 25°C) x 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) with 12 replicates per treatment. Each egg represented the experimental unit. There was interaction (P=0.0010; CV=19.55%) between the days of storage and biofilm for HU. It is known that the decrease in HU, during the storage period, is associated with a reduction in egg internal quality. There was a decrease in HU of coated and noncoated eggs, during the experimental period (35 days). However, pectin coated eggs had the lowest UH variation from 86.84 at 1st w to 78.02 at 5th when compared to uncoated eggs (83.01 to 64.36). Interaction (P<0.0001; CV=12.90%) between storage temperature and biofilm was also observed. Coated and noncoated eggs, stored in the refrigerator, had similar HU means of 91.26 ± 6.27 and 88.35 ± 6.96, respectively, and excellent classification (AA) for both. Notwithstanding, when conditioned at room temperature, coated eggs had higher HU (71.27 ± 10.78) than uncoated eggs (59.11 ± 15.97), being classified in high quality (A) and medium quality (B), correspondingly. The pectin biofilm was efficient in maintaining internal egg quality at both temperature during the whole period of storage. Thus, it is recommended to use it to guarantee better internal quality during the shelf life.
ID: 342

EFFECTS OF DIETARY CALCIUM SOURCE AND VITAMIN D3 LEVELS ON LAYING PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY ON LAYING HENS

C.Kim*(1)

(1) Poultry Research Institute, Rural Development Administration National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang, South Korea

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: kch8059@korea.kr (Chanho Kim)

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary calcium source and vitamin D3 levels on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. A total of three hundred twenty four 43-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 different dietary calcium sources (limestone and cockleshell) and 2 vitamin D3 levels (450 and 4,500 IU/kg) with 4 treatments. Each treatment had four replicates of 20 cages with one hen per cage (30 × 37 × 40 cm = width × length × height). The cages were placed in an environmentally controlled laying house with 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. All hens were allowed free access to feed and water throughout the entire experiment. All data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA according to a completely randomized design using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the replicate as the experimental unit. There was no significant interaction between calcium source and vitamin D3 levels in diet on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of laying hens. There was no effect of dietary calcium source and vitamin D3 level on laying performance (hens-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio). Cockleshell and higher vitamin D3 (4,500 IU/kg) level improved 10.12% and 3.70% eggshell strength (P<0.01), respectively. In conclusion, feeding laying periods hens with the diet containing cockleshell and high vitamin D3 (i.e., 4,500 IU/kg in the current experiment) tended to have a positive effect on eggshell quality.
ID: 794

EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH FLAXSEED OIL AND MICROALGAE OIL ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND SENSORY QUALITY OF TABLE EGGS

J.Feng(1), J.Wang(1), H.Zhang(1), G.Qi(1), S.Wu*(1)

(1) Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

**Corresponding author mail:** qiguanghai@caas.cn (Guang-Hai Qi)

This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with a-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich flaxseed oil and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae oil on production performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition and sensory quality of table eggs, as well as the potential relationship between fatty acid and sensory characteristics. A total of 432 Hy-line Gray commercial layers (45-week-old) were randomly divided into 6 dietary groups and fed a control diet or the control diet supplemented with various levels of flaxseed oil and microalgae oil (0.8%+0, 0.6%+0.125%, 0.4%+0.25%, 0.2%+0.375% and 0+0.5%). The oil-supplemented diets were designed to procure egg yolks with similar amounts of total n-3 PUFA, but with distinct n-3 PUFA composition. Average daily feed intake, average egg weight, egg production, feed conversion ratio over this trial were calculated for the whole experimental phase. At week 10 of the trial, egg samples were collected for egg quality, fatty acid, MDA contents and sensory quality analysis. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA, and means were compared using LSD multiple range test when ANOVA analysis was significant. Partial least squares analysis was used to provide a visual presentation of the correlation between the samples in relation to the specific yolk fatty acids and sensory attributes. Differences were considered statistically significant at P <0.05. The results showed that laying performance, egg quality and egg component parameters were not (P > 0.05) affected by dietary supplementation. The designer diets resulted in egg enrichment of n-3 PUFA, characterized by varying amounts of ALA and DHA. Both dietary enrichment and thermal treatment would enhance yolk MDA contents (P < 0.05). Appearance, aroma, flavor, texture and overall acceptance of yolks were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary manipulation. Dietary enrichment of egg with n-3 PUFA resulted in fishy and bitter notes, which were closely associated with yolk contents of DHA and ALA, respectively, from partial least squares analysis results. Yolk arachidonic acid and linoleic acid contents appeared to be more related to egg typical flavor. Overall, this study suggested that n-3 PUFA enriched eggs could be produced by dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil and microalgae oil blends and alterations in yolk n-3 PUFA composition would be in part responsible for distinct sensory characteristics of table eggs.

<footnote>*Presenting author</footnote>
# EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME ON EXTERNAL, INTERNAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EGGS OBTAINED FROM LAYING HEN RAISED IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM

F.Djitie Kouatcho\*(1), M.Giorgi Usturoi(2), R.Radu-Rusu(2), A.Albu(2)

(1) University of Ngaoundérré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon, (2) University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, ROMANIA, Iasi, Romania

\*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** franckdjitie@gmail.com (François Djitie Kouatcho)

Egg characteristics can be affected by many parameters (Usturoi et al., 2009; AOAC, 2010). An experiment was carried out in order to assess physico-chemical characteristics of 65 weeks Isa Brown hen's eggs stored at different time. Birds were raised in battery technological system. 180 eggs were collected in the locality of Constanta and brought to the University of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine where they were stored at 10°C in a fridge. At 7, 14 and 21 days of age, external, internal and chemical characteristics of 60 eggs were analyzed in the Laboratory of Poultry Farming Technologies and Control of Products of Animal Origin. The main results showed that battery eggs weigh decrease from 62,75±3,73 (7 days) to 61,98±3,76 (21 days old) with storage time despite the fact that different values remain statistically similar. Egg density significantly decreased between 7 to 14 days of storage. Except yolk color which significantly increased with stocking time, internal characteristics of eggs were not significantly affected by storage time. Haugh unit also decreased without showing any significant difference with stocking time. Yolk total dry matter, ash and lipid significantly increase with time but protein percentage decreased. For albumen, different parameter significantly varied from one point to another without regularity with the increase of stocking time. Considering the whole period of the study; egg weigh was significantly and positively correlated (0,49) to egg diameter (Pc0,01) but negatively (0,46) to Haugh unit (Pc0,05). No other significant correlation was observed between egg weigh and its other external, internal and chemical characteristics. It has then been concluded that even in good storage conditions, battery eggs chemical characteristics are significantly affected between 7 and 21 days of storage while most of physical characteristics remains almost similar despite some variation.

**Key words:** storage time, external, internal, chemical characteristics, battery eggs

## References

AOAC (Association Oficielle des Chimistes Analytiques). 2010. Official Methods of Analysis (18th ed.). Arlington, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

Usturoi M.G., P.C. Boiçteanu, R.M. Radu-Rusu, I.M. Pop, M.G. Doliç and Al. Usturoi, 2009.

Productivity of the laying hybrids reared in different husbandry Systems, EAAP 2009, 60th Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Spain, Section S.34: Livestock Farming Systems Free Comm.
Construction of meat quality
ID: 244

# MEAT QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKS REARED IN DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS

V.Lukashenko*(1), E.Ovseychik(1), A.Komarov(1)

(1) Federal Scientific Center "All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev posad, Russia

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** lukashenko@vnitip.ru (Valery Lukashenko)

In the recent years a trend in broiler production can be traced towards free range housing system aimed at the enhancement of ecological sustainability and meat quality. The aim of the study presented was the comparative assessment of meat quality in cage vs. free range housed broiler chicks. 140 day-old chicks hatched from the same batch of eggs were allotted to two treatments (70 birds per treatment); treatment 1 was housed in cage batteries (CB) until 37 days of age while treatment 2 was housed in free range (FR) aviary until 56 days of age.

It was found that total relative muscle weight (to carcass weight) in FR treatment was higher by 1.3% in compare to CB broilers. The relative weights of abdominal fat and skin with subcutaneous fat were substantially lower in FR treatment - 0.9 and 11.8% vs. 1.5 and 13.0%, respectively, in CB treatment. Chemical analysis of breast and thigh muscles revealed that FR housing system increases the contents of protein and fat in meat. Protein content in breast muscles in FR broilers was 21.96%, in thigh muscles 18.25%, higher by 1.6 and 0.21% in compare to CB housed birds. It should be noted that moisture content in muscles of FR housed broilers was lower in compare to CB: by 0.96% in breast muscles and by 1.23% in thigh muscles. The contents of essential amino acids in breast and thigh muscles in FR broilers were slightly higher compared to CB birds. The average scores of the sensory characteristics (taste panel evaluation; 5-score system) of breast and thigh meat in FR broilers were 4.70 and 4.65, respectively, while in CB birds 4.60 and 4.55. Taste and aroma scores for the broth cooked from FR broilers were the highest (5.00) while the broth cooked from CB broilers received only 4.65 (in average).

The conclusion was made that free range housing system provides better meat quality than cage housing.
ID: 821

# MEAT QUALITY OF BROILERS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF BED WITH INCLUSION OF GRASS

J.Valentim* (1), B.Przybulinski(2), D.Barbosa(2), R.Garcia(2), C.Komiyama(2), F.Dutra(2), L.Nascimento(2), M.Burbarelli(2), V.Castilho(2), R.Pietramale(2), F.Serpa(2), B.De souza eberhart(3)

(1) Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil, (2) UFGD, Dourados, Brazil, (3) UFGD, Na, Na

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: kaique.tim@hotmail.com (Jean Kaique Valentim)

In the current system of broilers production is common to find animals housed in the most diverse types of bed. Using alternative materials such as grass residue is interesting for production. This use reduce costs and contributes sustainably destining to waste that would be discarded. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of two types of aviary bed with the grass inclusion levels in these materials on the quality of meat chickens. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 (three grass levels and two bed materials), with six replicates, totaling 36 pens, and 30 broilers each. A total six treatments evaluated: T1: 100% wood waste; T2: 100% rice husk; T3: 25% grass with 75% wood waste; T4: 25% grass with 75% rice husk; T5: 50% grass with 50% wood waste; and T6: 50% grass with 75% rice husk. At 42 days of age, 3 broilers with average weight was selected of each plot for slaughter and extraction of the breast muscle. The weight and biometrics of the breast fillet, pH, luminosity, red content, yellow content, weight loss by thawing, weight loss by cooking, water retention capacity, drip weight loss, shear force, were analysed as well as the degree of severity of white striping and wooden breast myopathies. Variance analysis was performed and the means and interactions were compared by the Tukey test, with level of 5% probability. There was interference of the type of bed in relation to shear force and the wood waste material obtained lower shear force. Did have interaction when analyzed between bed types and inclusion of grass in meat yellow luminosity. In relation to the other variables, didn't have effect of the treatments. The rice husk bed may have presented greater challenge for birds. This situation caused a higher expense to keep in well-being when compared to the wood waste bed. Depending on the material used for bedding, may cause more or less fermentation of animal excretes and consequent ammonia production. When high concentrations of ammonia are inhaled by birds can reduce antioxidant capacity. Vegetable waste may be great options for poultry litter material, especially if they exhibit great region availability and low cost and if they exert positive influence on animal performance. The wood waste bed presented better results in relation to meat quality when compared to the bed of rice husk, regardless of whether or not of inclusion of grass hay levels.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS
AND MEAT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF FAST-GROWING BROILERS GIVEN
OUTDOOR ACCESS AT DIFFERENT AGES

A.Mahmud*(1), M.Zaid(1), J.Hussain(1)

(1) University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: atharmahmud@uvas.edu.pk (Athar Mahmud)

Consumers perception regarding conventional broiler production is
changing due to its meat quality especially sensory attributes and welfare
concerns; preference to purchase meat products from poultry given an
outdoor access is being established. Hence, it is time to address
consumer interest and broiler performance through alternative rearing
strategies, exposure to outdoor access after certain age is also an effort
in this direction. A total of 200 straight-run broiler were arranged
according to completely randomized design and distributed into 4
treatment groups. Treatments were replicated five times; each replicate
consisted of 10 birds. Treatment included age at exposure to outdoor
access including 21st day, 28th day, 35th day and a control group in
which birds were reared at indoor facility up to 56 days. Effect of outdoor
access on growth performance, behavioural repertoire, physiological
response, carcass characteristics and meat quality of fast-growing
broilers were evaluated. Data were statistically analysed by one-way
ANOVA technique; significant treatment means were separated through
Duncan's Multiple Range test. Average daily feed intake was higher in
broilers without outdoor access. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate
were higher in broilers without outdoor access. Abdominal fat
percentages were lower in chickens given outdoor access at 21st day,
35th day, and 28th day; ribs and back were higher in broilers with
outdoor access at 21st day. Ultimate pH was lower in chickens having
no access to outdoor. Redness at 2 hours was found higher in chicken
having no outdoor access, access at 21st day and 28th day. Taste,
flavour, juiciness and overall acceptability of breast meat was highest
for broilers given outdoor access at 21st day. Tenderness of breast meat
was highest in broilers without outdoor access.

It can be concluded that giving outdoor access to fast-growing broilers
at the age of 21st day improves explorative behaviours, physiological
response, carcass characteristics and sensory attributes.
Economy and marketing
# EGG PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION TRENDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

I.Kralik*(1)(1) Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Osijek, Croatia

Corresponding author mail: ikralik@fazos.hr (Igor Kralik)

This paper presents the production and consumption of eggs in Croatia in comparison with the EU countries in the period 2013-2017. The estimated egg production (market production and self-supply production) in 2013 was 605 553 000 eggs and in 2017 it was 675 000 000 eggs, or 11.5% more. In the same period, self-supply production decreased by 39.4%. Consumption of eggs per capita in 2013 was 143 eggs (8.9 kg) and in 2017 179 eggs (10.8 kg). Self-sufficiency in egg production in 2013 was 91% and in 2017 it was reduced to 89%. The total egg production in 2012 in the EU countries was 7 047 000 t, and in 2016 it increased to 7 478 000 t or by 6.11%. The leading countries in egg production are France (13.4%) and Spain (13.1%), followed by Italy (10.9) and Germany (10.1%), the Netherlands (9.5%) and the United Kingdom (9.3%; European Commission 2011). The average consumption of eggs in the EU countries is 217 eggs (13.1 kg). In the Republic of Croatia, laying cage system is used (73%), followed by barn system (25%) and free-range system with only 2% share. In the EU countries, on average, 53% of laying hens are reared in cages, 26% in barns, 15% are free-ranged and 5% are organically reared. In addition to eggs of conventional composition, the so-called designer eggs, enriched with functional ingredients (nutricines), such as vitamins, minerals and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are produced in many countries. According to the Commission regulation, EU No. 116/2010, food is a source of n-3 fatty acids if it contains at least 0.3 g of ALA per 100g and 100 Kcal of the product and/or at least 40 mg of EPA+DHA per 100 g and 100 Kcal of the product. Food is high in n-3 fatty acids if it contains at least 0.6 ALA per 100g and 100 Kcal of product and/or at least 80 mg EPA+DHA per 100g and 100 Kcal of the product.

<footnote>*Presenting author</footnote>
ID: 1299

URBAN CONSUMERS' KNOWLEDGE, PURCHASING INTENTION AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR FUNCTION EGGS: A CASE STUDY OF EGG ENRICHED WITH N-3 LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN BEIJING, CHINA

X.Liu\*(1), J. Li(1), X.Zhang(1), W.Yang(3)

(1) China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, (3) Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, China

Corresponding author mail: 1394758395@qq.com (Jiali Li)

With rising belief of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids' (PUFAs) important role in developing of nervous systems and protection against cardiovascular disease, as well as the prevent of breast and colorectal cancers, the attention and interest in food enriched with n-3 PUFAs has been increasing all over the world, as well as in China. Due to their strong negative association with cholesterol levels and their extremely intensive systems of production, eggs enriched with n-3 PUFAs produced by hens fed with n-3 PUFAs enriched diets, such as fish oil, seaweed and plants, has been very well developed and popular in developed market. However, the status and trend of consumption of eggs enriched in n-3 PUFAs is still not clear in China. This study aimed to examine China urban consumers' knowledge, purchasing Intention and Willingness to Pay for n-3 PUFAs eggs. To achieve the objective, an on-line questionnaire survey was conducted in April, May and June, 2019. The logistic regression model was developed and confirmed based on 758 questionnaires collected from Beijing, China. The survey results showed that urban consumers' knowledge of n-3 PUFAs eggs is very limited and the overall perception of n-3 PUFAs eggs is lowest in China, lower than green eggs, organic eggs, animal welfare eggs. On the other hand, consumers with high perception expressed high purchasing intentions. In addition, 72.6% of consumers would pay a premium price for n-3 PUFAs eggs. What's more, consumers' purchase intentions for n-3 PUFAs eggs were positively affected by family income, number of children, education, knowledge, egg freshness, label trust and brand, while age, egg price level and safety status had a negative effect on consumers 'purchase intentions for n-3 PUFAs eggs. The findings of this study may provide valuable policy insights for makers to develop and promote n-3 PUFAs eggs' consumption and production. What's more, the finding obtained can also serve as useful references for similar studies on other function food products in China.

<footnote>\*Presenting author</footnote>
Feed technology
ID: 315

MORPHOMETRY OF DIGESTIVE TRACT OF LAYING HENS FED WITH SUPPLEMENTAL ORGANIC ACIDS IN DIET AND WATER

K.Von zuben augusto*(1), J.Moraes(2), C.Cachoni pizzolante(2), F.Lemos budiño(2), Y.Han(1)

(1) Trouw Nutrition R&D, Ameersfort, Netherlands, (2) Instituto de Zootecnia, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Nova odessa, Brazil

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** karolina.augusto@trouwnutrition.com (Karolina Von Zuben Augusto)

In poultry production, it is essential to maintain the integrity of the intestinal functional of the birds. Over the years, the use of antimicrobials has contributed to maintaining the intestinal health of birds from intensive production conditions. However, with restrictions or ban on the use of antimicrobials, alternatives have been researched to maintain the previously established production efficiency. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of dietary and water organic acid mixture supplementation with AGP in diets of commercial laying hens on morphometry of the small intestine. A total of 400 57-week-old brown laying hens were distributed in a complete randomized design into five treatments, with 16 pens of five hens per pen in each treatment. The hens were fed with diets based on corn and soybean meal (2,760 Kcal ME/kg and 17% CP). The treatment groups included: 1) Negative Control (NC) 2) Positive Control (PC) using Colistin sulfate 50% (20ppm) 3) NC + water organic acids (WOA, a blend of free and buffered organic acids applied in drinking water, 1.0L/m3) 4) NC + dietary OA (DOA, a blend of SCFA and MCFA including butyrates and a phenolic compound in diet, 1.5kg/tonne) 5) NC + a combination of WOA and DOA. At 73-weeks-old, five birds per replicate were slaughtered and the duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples were collected for intestinal villus height, crypt depth and villus:crypt ratio evaluation by optical microscopy. The highest villus height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were obtained in layers with WOA, DOA and WOA+DOA, while NC showed the lowest villus height in the intestinal samples (P<0.0001). The lowest villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum was observed in the birds fed with NC (P<0.0001). The use of WOA, DOA and the combination as well as PC resulted in higher villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum comparing to NC (P<0.0001). The highest villus:crypt ratio was showed by the combination of WOA+DOA comparing to PC (P<0.0001). The higher villus height and the lower crypt depth, and the higher the villus:crypt ratio will encourage better nutrient absorption and reduce the energy losses for cell renewal. Thus, the results found in this study suggest that the inclusion of WOA and DOA affected positively the morphometry of the intestinal integrity of laying hens of 76-weeks-old.
ID: 408

CORN KERNEL HARDNESS, DRYING TEMPERATURE AND AMYLASE SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECTS ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND ENERGY UTILIZATION IN BROILER CHICKS

H.Cordova*(1), E.Oviedo-rondón(1), I.Ospina-rojas(1), M.Chico(1), A.Ortiz(1), Y.Matta(1), S.Hoyos(1), D.Buitrago(1), J.Martinez(1), J.Yanquen(1), L.Castellanos(1), V.San martin(1), L.Peñuela(1), J.Sorbara(2)

(1) North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United states, (2) DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** hacordovanoboa@gmail.com (Hernan Cordova)

Drying temperature of corn can influence its nutritional quality, but whether this is influenced by endosperm hardness (vitreousness) is not well understood. The supplementation with an exogenous amylase may contribute to improve the nutritional value of corn but this may also depend on corn traits. A study was conducted with 12 dietary treatments, resulting from a 2x3x2 factorial arrangement, to evaluate the effects of two corn hybrids with average and hard kernel hardness, dried at three temperatures (35, 80, and 120°C), and two supplementation levels of an exogenous amylase (0 vs 133 g Ronozyme® HiStarch/ton of feed) on live performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy utilization. A total of 480 d-old male-chicks were randomly distributed among four Petersime battery units, 96 cages with 5 chicks per cage and 8 replicates per treatment combination. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM, CP, and starch, as well as AMEn, and total tract starch digestibility were determined using titanium dioxide as inert marker. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA in a randomized complete block design. Mean separation was performed using Tukey's or student's t test. At 14d, no effects (P>0.05) were observed on BW, BW gain and feed intake due to kernel hardness, drying temperature, or amylase supplementation. However, FCR was improved 2 and 3 points by feeding diets based on corn with hard kernel (Pc0.05), and dried at 120°C (P<0.05), respectively. A three-way interaction effect was detected on DM and CP AID. Hard kernel hardness, no enzyme inclusion, and drying at 120°C increased (P<0.05) the AID of DM and CP by 15 and 8% respectively compared to drying at 80°C. Average kernel hardness corn dried at 35°C improved (P<0.001) up to 310 kcal/kg the AMEn compared to drying at 80 and 120°C. Total tract retention of starch was increased (P<0.05) in chicks that consumed amylase-supplemented diets compared to feeding non-supplemented treatments (96.23 vs. 95.67%). Likewise, diets containing average kernel hardness corn had greater (P<0.05) total tract starch retention in comparison to feeds containing harder kernels. In conclusion, drying temperature influenced FCR, nutrient digestibility, and energy utilization, but responses were dependent on endosperm vitreousness. Even though amylase supplementation improved total tract digestibility of starch, no beneficial effects of this exogenous enzyme were detected on live performance in young chicks raised up to 16d.
ID: 481

# EFFECTS OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3-GLYCOSIDE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS CHALLENGED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE

R.Nunes(1), P.Campos(1), M.Duarte(1), B.Kreuz(1), S.Borges(1), M.Lopes(1), M.Fontes(1), J.González(2), A.Calderano*(1)

(1) Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) - Department of Animal Science, Viçosa, Brazil, (2) Nuproxa, Etoy, Switzerland

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** calderano@ufv.br (Arele Calderano)

The first step for vitamin D3 activation occurs in the liver where 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] is formed. A second hydroxylation in the kidney produces the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. It has been suggested that 25(OH)D3 supplementation may improve performance by modulating the immune system of broilers. These may be explained by the extra renal expression of 1a-hydroxylase in chickens, which may facilitate the local active vitamin D3 production. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary 1,25(OH)2D3-glycoside supplementation on growth performance and inflammatory response of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To accomplish our goal, 96 male broilers chicks (Cobb 500) with 20-d-old were randomly allocated to one of the three experimental groups (CON: control diet and no LPS administration; CON-LPS: control diet and LPS administration; SUP-LPS: control diet supplemented with 5 µg of 1,25(OH)2D3-glycoside/kg of diet and LPS administration), with 8 replicate cages per treatment and 4 birds per cage. The 1,25(OH)2D3-glycoside source was the Panbonis® (Herbonis, Basel, Switzerland). The LPS-challenge consisted of repeated intraperitoneal injection of LPS at 21 and 23 days of age (1 and 1.12 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). Four hours after the first LPS injection, one bird per experimental unit was sacrificed to sampling collection. The experiment was completed at 25 days of age, when the bird performance was evaluated. Data was submitted to ANOVA analysis and means compared by Tukey test at 5% of significance. The CON-LPS group had lower body weight gain (BWG; P = 0.02) than CON group (377 vs. 415 g/bird), although the SUP-LPS broilers recovered their BWG (414 g/bird on average; P > 0.05). There was no effect on feed intake and feed conversion (P > 0.05). CON and CON-LPS groups had the similar mRNA expression of IL-10 and IL-1β in the spleen (P > 0.05). Whereas, SUP-LPS broilers presented the mRNA expression of IL-10 approximately 1.5-fold (P = 0.01) and IL-1β about 2.8-fold (P = 0.04) in the spleen than birds from the CON-LPS group. Additionally, CON and CON-LPS groups had similar levels of IL-10 in the jejunum (9.7 pg/ml, on average; P > 0.05), that were lower (P = 0.01) when compared to SUP-LPS levels (38.2 pg/ml). In conclusion, dietary 1,25(OH)2D3-glycoside supplementation improves BWG and modulates the inflammatory response of LPS-challenged broilers chickens.
ID: 931

PERFORMANCE AND SMALL INTESTINE HISTOMORPHOMETRY OF
CHICKS FED WITH THERMAI PROCESSED PRE-STARTER DIEST
CONTAINING CORN OR SORGHUM

F.Barros de carvalho*(1), R.Fialho de sousa(1), I.Gomes guimarães(2), A.Rabelo ribeiro(1), M.Alves da costa(1), P.Moraes rezende(1), T.Vieira de andrade(1), C.Nunes souto(3), J.Stringhini(1), M.Barcellos café(1), N.Susana mogyca leandro(1)

(1) Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil, (2) Universidade Federal de Jataí, Jataí, Brazil, (3) Universidade Federal de Jataí, Goiânia, Brazil

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: fabyolab@hotmail.com (Fabyola Carvalho)

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance and small intestine histomorphometry of broiler chicks fed with thermally processed diets containing corn or sorghum in the pre-starter phase. A total of 360 Cobb 500® male chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (pelleted, 131 °F, or extruded, 302°F, feed containing corn or sorghum), with four treatments and six replicates of fifteen birds each, with initial weight of 38 ± 0.8g. After thermal processing, the pellets were ground to facilitate apprehension of the chicks, pelleted 498,59µm and extruded 396,81µm. At seven days of age, we evaluated the performance (live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) and histomorphometric variables (height, perimeter and width of villi, crypt depth and villus: crypt ratio) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey's test (5%) using software R. An interaction was observed (p <0.05) for final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. By unfolding the interaction, it was found that extruded sorghum diet had the best performance. However, when for pelleted diets, the best performance was obtained in corn-based feed. Regarding the duodenal histomorphometry, an interaction (p <0.05) was observed for villus height and crypt depth. In extruded feed, the highest villus height was observed in chicks fed sorghum diet. In pelleted feeds, the highest villus height and the highest crypt depth was observed in chicks fed corn-based feed. For the villus: duodenum crypt ratio, there was an independent effect of the factors, in which the highest values were observed in chicks fed sorghum or pelleted feed. In the jejunum, interaction was observed for villus height and perimeter and crypt depth. For extruded diets, the highest values were observed in the sorghum-based feed. In the ileum, there was an effect of thermal processing (p <0.05), in which the pelleted diet resulted in larger villi width. It can be concluded that sorghum-based extruded feed favors the performance and development of chick villi at seven days. For corn-based diets, pelleting provides the best performance and small intestine histomorphometry results.
Feeding in alternative production
systems
ID: 792

# ORGANIC ACIDS ALTER THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND STRUCTURE AND IMPROVE THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN BROILERS

D.Dai(1), J.Wang(1), H.Zhang(1), S.Wu(1), Y.Wu(2), Y.Han(2), G.Qi*(1)

(1) Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China, (2) Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, Netherlands

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: qiguanghai@caas.cn (Guang-Hai Qi)

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of organic acids (OA) as substitutes for antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance, intestinal structure, as well as on intestinal microbiota composition and microbial metabolite profiles in broilers. A total of 560 newly hatched male Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments including negative control (NC) supplied with the basal diets, positive control supplied with the basal diets and flavomycin (50 mg/kg), the drinking water added with OA blend, the basal diets supplied with OA feed additives and the combination of acidified drinking water and OA feed additives. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 14 birds each. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that AGP and OA promoted growth during days 22-42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). OA significantly increased the jejunal goblet cells density and duodenal villus height on day 42 compared with others (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation with OA and AGP both up-regulated the mRNA expression of jejunal barrier genes (Claudin-3 and ZO-1) than the NC group (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant changes of microbiota induced by the OA and AGP were also found on day 42 by high throughput sequencing (P < 0.05). Several short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria like Coprobacter, Ruminococcaceae\_UCG_008, norank\_f\_Peptococcaceae and Peptococcus were identified as biomarkers by the LEfSe in supplementation with OA. Therefore, the higher concentrations of SCFAs including lactic acid, citric acid, formic acid and butyric acid were observed in the OA groups (P < 0.05). PICRUSt function analysis showed that the microbiota of the OA groups were more enriched in the carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, endocrine system, transport and catabolism and immune system diseases. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the observed improvement in broiler growth performance and intestinal barrier function after OA supplementation might be attributed to a modulation in intestinal microbiota and metabolic function. This suggests that OA may possibly act as an efficient antibiotic alternative for broiler production.
MARINE ALGAE AS FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CAECUM CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN GROWING JAPANESE QUAIL

S.Abu hafsa*(1), A.Hassan(2)

(1) Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Newborg el-arab, Alexandria, Egypt, (2) Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: hashim.salma@yahoo.com (Salma Abu Hafsa)

Marine algae contain substances of high biological value, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. They are promising sources of novel products and can be introduced to poultry diets as natural feed with health benefits. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of three different marine algae on the performance, digestibility, carcass characteristics, caecum characteristics, blood constituents of growing Japanese quail. A total of 300 one-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments (75 birds / treatment) with 5 replicates (15 birds / replicate) in a completely randomized design for 6 wk. The dietary treatments were a control basal diet without algae or with 2.0 % dried algae (Rhodophyceae, Sargassum Cinereum and Ulva Lactuca). The results of digestibility coefficients of quail fed dried algae were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed control diet. Chicks fed with 20 g/kg of feed dried S. Cinereum and U. Lactuca had significant better values of final body weight and an average body weight gain, improved feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios, and increased the weight of slaughter BW and caeca as compared to control. The count of WBCs, RBCs, Hb and H/L ratio showed a significant increase and the concentrations of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL significantly decreased in quail supplemented with algae compared to control. Dietary dried algae supplementation caused a significant increase in the serum enzyme activity of TAC, GSH, CAT and SOD, GPx and GST while decreasing the MDA level. Dried algae supplementation increased the abundance of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacilli sp.) and worthy decreased the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and C. perfringens) in the cecum of Japanese quail. Caecal ammonia-N was significantly decreased with dietary algae, while total VFA and acetic acid and propionic acid were increased (P < 0.05) vs. the control. No significant differences in the concentration of butyric acid were observed in any of the treatments. In conclusion, dried algae can be efficiently introduced in quail nutrition as a feed additive to enhance productive and physiological performances with an improvement of overall quail gut health.

Keywords: Algae, caecal microbiota, cecal fermentation, performance, antioxidant status, Japanese quail
Feedstuffs
ID: 217

# TIMELY GERMINATION OF BACILLUS PROBIOTICS IS KEY TO PRODUCT PERFORMANCE

K.Sidelmann brinch\*(1), J.Heffron(2), J.Rice(3), A.Nelson(2), P.Choi(4), E.Devillard(5), L.Rhayat(5), F.Van immerseel(4), D.Preveraud(5), R.Wolfende(6)

(1) Novozymes Animal Health & Nutrition, Kgs. lyngby, Denmark, (2) Novozymes Microbe Innovation, Salem, va, United states, (3) Novozymes Microbe Discovery, Durham, nc, United states, (4) University of Gent, Gent, Belgium, (5) Adisseo CERN, Commentry, France, (6) Novozymes Poultry Research, Fayetteville, ar, United states

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: kbri@novozymes.com (Karoline Sidelmann Brinch)

**Introduction and objective:** Bacillus-based DFM are delivered in feed as spores. To exhibit their effects through production of metabolites, the spores need to germinate in the GI tract of the birds. Time of germination varies among strain of Bacillus and external factors (such as feed composition, additives) can influence the spores' ability to germinate. The purpose of this study was to show the germination profile of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) 29784 compared to other strains of Bacillus and to deliver in vivo proof of germination.

**Materials and methods:** Bs 29784 was grown in vitro together with a range of relevant feed components and additives to assess the impact on germination speed. In vivo studies were performed in chickens fed the Bs 29784 and samples taken from different gut compartments. Samples were analyzed for levels of Bacillus metabolites (nicotinic acid and hypoxanthine). Furthermore, in vivo samples were analyzed for levels of germinated cells.

**Results:** The ability to germinate was shown to differ between Bs 29784 and a range of other Bacilli with regards to germination time under gut-like conditions. The germination profile of Bs 29784 was similar in both wheat, corn and soy analyzed by OD-values over time. Also, inclusion of organic acids, coccidiostats and a range of additives showed no impact on germination. In vivo studies showed the ability of Bs 29784 to germinate in the gut and the increase of Bacillus abundance (p<0.05). In jejunum samples a 50-fold significant (p<0.01) increase in levels of nicotinic acid and hypoxanthine were observed.

**Conclusions:** Timely germination is key to product performance since Bacilli need to be metabolically active to exhibit their positive effects on gut health and performance. Bacillus strains differ in their ability to germinate inside the animal and a careful selection of strains is therefore needed. For most strains their ability to germinate inside the animal is unknown. Here we showed in vivo proof of germination and metabolic activity of a Bacillus-based DFM to support the mode of action of strain Bs 29784 and its beneficial effects in poultry.
ID: 415

CORN KERNEL HARDNESS AND DRYING TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON RESISTANT STARCH, AMYLOSE:AMYLOPECTIN RATIO, STARCH GELATINIZATION AND DAMAGED STARCH

H.Cordova* (1), E.Oviedo-rondón(1), L.Castellanos(1)

(1) North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United states

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** hacordovanoboa@gmail.com (Hernan Cordova)

Drying temperatures used in corn post-harvest could play an important role in modifying the concentrations of resistant starch, amylose, and gelatinized starch. These drying effects on corn varieties with different kernel hardness (vitreousness) have been poorly investigated. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two corn hybrids varying in kernel hardness (average vs. hard) and dried at three temperatures (35, 80, and 120°C), on the content of resistant starch (RS), amylose:amylopectin ratio (AM:AP), and gelatinized and damaged starch. The RS, AM:AP, and damaged starch gelatinization were determined using Megazyme K-RAPRS, K-AMYL, and K-SDAM assay kits respectively following manufacturer's recommendations. Gelatinized starch analysis was determined by AACC 76-11.01/AOAC 979.10. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of two corn kernel hardness and three drying temperatures (35, 80 and 120°C) for a total of six treatments. Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA using JMP 14. Means were separated by the LS means procedure using Tukey's or student's t test. No differences (P>0.05) among treatments due to kernel hardness (average: 13.91% and hard: 15.00%) or drying temperatures (13.81, 14.53, and 15.02 for 35, 80 and 120°C, respectively) were detected on starch gelatinization. Likewise, drying temperature did not affect (P>0.05) RS, but the corn with average kernel hardness tended (P=0.08) to have greater (4.84 vs. 4.40%) RS in comparison to hybrid with harder endosperm. An interaction effect (P<0.001) was observed between kernel hardness and drying temperature on AM:AP. Within treatments with average kernel hardness, drying at 35°C yielded the lowest AM content (21.71 vs. 25.44 and 24.28%), whereas among treatments with hard kernel drying at 120°C resulted in the highest AM concentration (26.73 vs. 21.28 and 20.01%). An interaction effect (P<0.01) was detected for damaged starch. Hard kernel corn dried at 120°C yielded the lowest damaged starch in comparison to drying this corn at 35 and 80°C (1.34 vs. 3.04 and 2.69% respectively). In contrast, the average kernel corn dried at 35°C resulted in lower damaged starch compared to drying similar corn at 80°C (3.35 vs. 4.07%). In conclusion, the interactive effects of kernel hardness and drying temperature affected the damaged starch and AM content, and RS by corn vitreousness, which could potentially influence the digestibility of starch in poultry.
ID: 524

EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF NANNOCHLOROPSIS LIMNETICA ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, PERFORMANCE AND EGG FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LAYING HENS

A.Mens*(1), L.Sijtsma(2), F.Guiscafre(3), M.Van krimpen(1)

(1) Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,

(2) Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, Netherlands, (3) Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de querétaro, Mexico

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** annemarie.mens@wur.nl (Annemarie Mens)

Microalgae can be a sustainable feedstuff for poultry diets. As an example, microalgae can grow on waste streams without competing for arable land. Another advantage is their huge oil productivity, which could compete with oils that are currently used in poultry diets, such as soybean oil. From an animal nutrition point of view, it is important to know the extent to which the algae products are able to deliver digestible nutrients. The fatty acid composition of the yolk might be altered by the omega-3, omega-6, DHA and EPA fatty acids of the algae, which leads to more healthy eggs. A study was designed to measure the response in terms of performance, nutrient digestibility and egg fatty acid composition in laying hens when fed with a diet containing 4 doses (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%) of the micro algae N. Limnetica. Experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. In total, 240 25-wk-old laying hens were randomly allotted to 30 experimental floor pens (8 hens/pen). The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for 28 days. Body weight (BW) was determined upon the beginning and end of the experiment. Feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production (EP) and egg weight (EW) were determined on a weekly basis. Eggs were collected from individual pens during the last 5 days, and faeces were collected during the last 3 days of the experiment. Data were analysed with ANOVA as a randomised block design. Pen was the experimental unit for the response parameters. Analyses were performed to determine linear and quadratic effects of dietary inclusion of N. Limnetica. Body weight, FCR, EP and digestibility were not affected by the dietary treatments. Feed intake was higher in the 2% and 3% treatments (p=0.05) compared to the 0% treatment. Furthermore, a quadratic effect of week*treatment was found for EW, where overall the EW increased during time, and with the inclusion level of the microalgae. However, 0% and 3% of the microalgae did not differ and resulted in the highest EW increase over time. Omega-3, EPA and DHA content of the eggs increased linear and quadratic with the inclusion of the microalgae (p<0.001) and omega-6 content was lower in the 2% and 3% treatments compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of N. Limnetica did not affect digestibility of the diets. Furthermore, microalgae inclusion resulted in a higher FI and affected EW. This research showed that N. Limnetica increases the omega-3 fatty acid content in eggs.
EFFECT OF FEEDING AZOLLA (AZOLLA PINNATA) ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF NATIVE CHICKEN (ASEEL)

T.Paulpandi*(1), E.Subbiah(2), S.A(3), O.A. v(2)

(1) Tamil Nadu veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, INDIA, Chennai, India, (2) Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India, (3) Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, CHENNAI, Chennai, India

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: tensinghregistrar@gmail.com (Tensingh Gnanaraj Paulpandi)

The present research was undertaken to study the "Effect of feeding Azolla (Azolla pinnata) on the production performance of native chicken (Aseel). Azolla is very rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, growth promoter intermediaries and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium, ferrous, copper, magnesium, etc. Azolla contained dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and the total ash 6.72±0.52, 21.15±0.47, 3.32±0.15, 14.2±0.32, 18.22±0.75 per cent respectively. Two hundred and twenty five day old chicks were procured and day-old chicks were wing banded, weighed and randomly allotted into three treatment groups namely T1 (control), T2 (5%) and T3 (10%). All the treatment had three replicates and each consisted of 25 chicks. Native chicken (Aseel) were reared upto 0 to 40 weeks. Body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were studied. The data collected on various parameters were grouped and subjected to statistical analysis of one way ANOVA as per the procedure of statistical analysis system (SPSS, version 20.0 for windows). Dietary inclusion of 10% Azolla (T2) recorded significantly (P<0.01) higher body weight followed by 5 per cent (T2) and control (T1) at 12 weeks of age. Feed consumption revealed no significant difference between treatment groups throughout the experiment period. Birds received 10% Azolla had better (P<0.01) feed efficiency. Statistical analysis revealed that no significant difference in New York dressed weight, eviscerated carcass weight, ready-to-cook yield between treatment groups. Supplementation of Azolla at different levels in native chicken showed no significant difference in appearance flavour, tenderness and overall acceptability among treatment groups. However, there exists significant difference in juiciness of native chicken meat. Hen day egg production was significantly (P<0.01) higher in birds received 10% Azolla. Incorporation of azolla had no significant difference in external egg qualities namely egg weight, shape index and shell thickness and internal egg qualities namely Albumen index, Yolk index. However, incorporation of Azolla improved yolk colour. From the experiment, it was concluded that Azolla at 10% level can be incorporated in the feed for better returns to the farmers.
RICE-BASED DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES: NUTRITIONAL PROFILE AND FEEDING VALUE FOR CHICKS AND COMMERCIAL LAYING CHICKENS

M.Raju*(1), S.Rao(1), R.Chatterjee(1), B.Prakash(1), S.Paul(1), A.Kannan(1)

(1) ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** mvlnraju@gmail.com (M.V.L.N. Raju)

Rice-based distillers dried grains with solubles (r-DDGS) is increasingly available in recent times and has a great potential to be used as an alternate protein source in poultry diet. In the current study, the nutritional profile and feeding value of r-DDGS were evaluated. A total of 7 samples of r-DDGS were collected from the local market and analysed in vitro for nutrient profile. One of these samples (47% CP) was tested for its feeding value to chicks and adult laying hens in two in vivo experiments (expts.). In the 1st expt., r-DDGS was fed at 0, 5 and 10% levels in diet to a total of 180 chicks (Vanaraja, a dual-purpose backyard type), divided into 3 groups with 10 replicates of 6 chicks each, during 0 to 6 weeks of life. In the 2nd expt., a total of 4752 laying chickens were divided at random into 3 groups with 18 replicates of 88 birds each and fed r-DDGS at 0, 7.5 and 15% in diet from 24 to 47 weeks of age. All the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous.

Among the r-DDGS samples, the crude protein content ranged between 44.7 and 62.4%, while the respective values for the critical amino acids were : 1.24 and 1.89% for lysine, 1.02 and 1.3% for methionine, 1.91 and 2.5% for methionine+cysteine, 1.52 and 1.98% for threonine and 2.44 and 3.22% for valine. Body weight of chicks remained unaffected by r-DDGS feeding till 3weeks of age (expt.1), but from 4th week onwards, r-DDGS at 5% level increased (P<0.05) the body weight, while no such effect was observed at 10%. Feed intake was unaffected, except at 3 weeks where it was higher in the groups fed r-DDGS, whereas feed conversion efficiency was significantly poor at 10% r-DDGS. Serum protein and cholesterol concentration, dry matter and crude protein retention, carcass yields and organ weights were not affected, except for reduced weight of intestine in the group fed r-DDGS at 5%. The egg production in layers was significantly (P<0.05) depressed and feed intake increased with 15% r-DDGS (expt.2). Feed intake for one egg and unit egg mass was higher with 15% r-DDGS, while no effect was observed at 7.5% r-DDGS. Egg weight decreased at both levels of r-DDGS, but egg mass decreased only at 15% r-DDGS. Mortality increased with r-DDGS inclusion in diet. Dry matter, energy and nitrogen retention was adversely affected at 15% r-DDGS. It is concluded that r-DDGS is a potential alternate protein source and could be safely used at 5% and 7.5% in the diet of chicks and laying chickens, respectively.
ID: 637

# EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF RICE-BASED DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES ON CHICKS WITH VARIED CRITICAL AMINO ACID CONCENTRATION

M.Raju\*(1), S.Rao(1), B.Prakash(1), A.Kannan(1), S.Paul(1)

(1) ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India

\*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** mvlnraju@gmail.com (M.V.L.N. Raju)

Rice-based distillers dried grains with solubles (r-DDGS) is a potential alternate protein source in the rice producing regions of the world. The amino acid digestibility in DDGS is low in comparison to soyabean meal and supplementation of critical amino acids could possibly enhance its feeding value for chickens. Two feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding r-DDGS alongwith supplementation of lysine and methionine at variable levels on performance, slaughter variables and serum biochemical profile of dual-purpose backyard type chicks. In the 1st experiment, a total of 360 day-old Srinidhi chicks were divided into 6 groups with 10 replicates of 6 chicks each and fed r-DDGS at 15% alongwith normal (100%) or higher (110 and 120%) levels of lysine and methionine individually. In the 2nd experiment, a total of 390 day-old Vanaraja chicks were divided into 5 groups with 13 replicates of 6 chicks each and fed r-DDGS at 15% alongwith normal (100%) or higher (110%) levels of lysine and methionine, either individually or in combination. The diets in both the experiments were maintained isocaloric and isonitrogenous.

r-DDGS significantly (P<0.05) depressed body weight of chicks and methionine at 110% level improved body weight, which was on par with that of control (expt.1). The response in lysine supplemented groups was intermediate. Feed intake was not affected, while FCR was higher in the groups fed r-DDGS, among which lowest FCR was recorded with 120% methionine. Serum protein concentration and ND titres were not affected. In the expt.2, r-DDGS showed no effect on body weight and feed intake, except at 2 weeks, where feed intake was higher in the groups fed r-DDGS. Similarly, FCR was not affected, but at 4 weeks, it was similar in control and 110% methionine groups. Abdominal fat content increased with r-DDGS feeding, which was countered by methionine supplementation either singly or in combination with lysine. From the overall results, it is concluded that methionine supplementation in excess (110%) of normal level enabled inclusion of r-DDGS in the diet of dual-purpose backyard type chicks at 15% without any adverse effect on growth performance.
ID: 640

MEAT QUALITY, OXIDATIVE STATUS, AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF CHICKEN MEAT FROM BROILERS FED BLACK SOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) LARVAEOIL

B.Kim*(1), H.Bang(2), K.Kim(2), M.Kim(2), J.Jeong(2), J.Chun(2), S.Ji(2)

(1) National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South korea, (2)
National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, South korea

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** osorikim619@korea.kr (Byeonghyeon Kim)

The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been suggested as an alternative oil source of soybean oil (SBO) in a broiler diet, however, the meat quality is important in terms of the consumer's point of view. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly larvae oil (BSFLO) as a partial or total replacement of the SBO on the meat quality, oxidative status, and sensory evaluation of chicken meats. A total of 210 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) at one-day of age were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (5 replicates and 14 birds/group): a basal control diet (CON), the basal diet in which the SBO was replaced by 50% (50 BSFLO) or 100% (100 BSFLO) of BSFLO. At the end of the study (d 35), 33 birds (11 birds/treatment) were chosen on the basis of the average final live weight and then slaughtered. Six replicates of the leg and breast meat samples were analyzed for physical and chemical traits and fatty acid (FA) profiles. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) were measured and sensory evaluation was conducted using 5 replicates of the leg and breast meat samples on d 0, 3, and 6 during the storage period. Data were statistically analyzed using the PROC GLM of SAS. The experimental unit was the individual bird for oxidative and meat quality parameters, FA profiles, and sensory evaluation. The physical measurements and chemical traits of leg meat were not affected by the treatments. However, the FA profiles of the breast meat were affected by the BSFLO inclusion. The proportion of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was increased (p < 0.05) by the BSFLO and the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was also increased (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, the proportion (%) of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was decreased (p < 0.0001). The TBARS and VBN of all treatments in leg meat were increased (p < 0.01) with longer storage periods. However, the TBARS of the CON was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than in other groups on d 0. The breast meat of chickens fed the BSFLO showed similar sensory profiles compared to those fed CON. In conclusion, the substitution of the BSFLO in the broiler diet changed the proportion of the FA profiles. Therefore, further researches are necessary to improve the drawback that lowering the proportion of the PUFA by improving the FA profiles in the BSFL as modulating their feed.
ID: 642

EFFECTS OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) LARVAE OIL ON
INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY AND CECAL MICROBIOTA IN BROILERS

B.Kim*(1), H.Bang(2), K.Kim(2), M.Kim(2), J.Jeong(2), J.Chun(2), S.Ji(2)

(1) National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South korea, (2)
National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, South korea

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: osorikim619@korea.kr (Byeonghyeon Kim)

The saturated fatty acid (SFA) is the main fatty acid (FA) in black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) derived oil and lauric acid (C12:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), and oleic acid (C18:1) are predominant FAs. Moreover, the black soldier fly larvae oil (BSFLO) contains a high level of lauric acid which has an antimicrobial effect on the gut pathogen. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of BSFLO as a partial or total replacement of the soybean oil (SBO) on the intestinal morphology and cecal microbiota in broilers. A total of 210 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) at one-day of age were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (5 replicates and 14 birds/group): a basal control diet (CON), the basal diet in which the SBO was replaced by 50% (50 BSFLO) or 100% (100 BSFLO) of BSFLO. At the end of the study (d 35), 18 birds (6 broilers/treatment) were selected and slaughtered by cutting the carotid artery. After slaughter, the ileum samples were collected and measured for intestinal morphology and the samples of cecal digesta were collected to verify their cecal microbiota by metagenomics analysis with pyrosequencing. The pyrosequencing data was analyzed using CL community program. The experimental unit was the individual bird for ileal morphology and cecal microbiota. The 50 BSFLO had higher (p < 0.05) villus height than the broilers fed CON. However, no differences were found on other morphological measurements (crypt depth, VH:CD, villus width, and villus area). Overall, 210,428 gene sequences were generated and a total of 3,893 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in the three groups. In the phylum level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in all three groups. In the genus level, the supplementation of the BSFLO in the broiler diets tended to decrease (p < 0.10) genus Ruminococcus in cecal microbiota of the broilers compared with CON. The 50 BSFLO increased (p < 0.05) genus Erysipelatoclostridium compared with CON and 100 BSFLO. Besides, the addition of the BSFLO in broiler diets tended to increase (p < 0.10) genus Bacillus compared with CON. However, the substitution of the BSFLO in the broiler diet did not alter the proportion of Lactobacillus in cecal microbiota. In conclusion, the substitution of the SBO with the BSFLO in the broiler diet affect intestinal morphology and modulated cecal microbiota of broilers.
ID: 704

# A BLEND OF PROTECTED ORGANIC ACIDS + ESSENTIAL OILS ALLEVIATES THE INTESTINAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF BROILERS UNDERGOING AN INTESTINAL CHALLENGE

M.Lemos de moraes*(1), M.De souza vieira(1), V.Haeinger(2), E.Santin(3), C.Stefanello*(2)

(1) Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-hyacinthe, Canada, (2) Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa maria, Brazil, (3) Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-hyacinthe, qc, Canada

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: esantin@jefo.ca (Elizabeth Santin)

During an inflammatory process, immune system mediators, such as interleukin-12 proinflammatory (IL-12) and interleukin-10 regulatory (IL-10) are released with the objective to defend the host from any aggression that it could be facing. The activation of the inflammatory response is an important mechanism of defense for the bird, but the unnecessary overstimulation may negatively affect growth performance and animal welfare. This study aimed to determine the effects of Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils P(OA+EO) on inflammatory response and growth performance of broiler chickens undergoing an intestinal challenge, while comparing it to an antibiotic growth performance (AGP). A total of 1,080 Cobb x Cobb 500 male chickens were reared in pen-floors in a climate experimental poultry house and allocated in a completely randomized design of 4 treatments and 10 replicates (27 birds/pen) for a 42-d trial. Treatments: unchallenged control (UC), challenged control (CC), AGP (Enramycin at 10 ppm) and, P(OA+EO) at 300 g/t (Jefo Nutrition Inc.). Except those on the UC group, all birds were challenged with Eimeria spp. at 1 d and Clostridium perfringens at 11, 12 and 13 d. Feed intake, body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated. At 21 d of age, intestinal ileal histologic analysis were evaluated by the I See Inside Scoring System methodology and jejunal gene expression of IL-12 and IL-10 by PCR. Data was subjected to one-way ANOVA and Fisher LSD using the XLSTAT software. Birds on CC group had greater inflammatory cell infiltration on epithelium (P<0.001) and greater IL-12 expression (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference to the other groups for both responses. Birds on CC and P(OA+EO) had the greater and the lowest IL-10 expression (P<0.05), respectively. The overstimulation of the inflammatory response in birds on CC group resulted in worse BWG and FCR compared to the other groups (P<0.05). P(OA+EO) alleviated the inflammatory response which resulted in better BWG and FCR, compared to CC group (P<0.05). Compared to the AGP, birds on P(OA+EO) group presented similar inflammatory response but better FCR.

In conclusion, the blend of Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils can be used to alleviate the inflammatory response in the intestine to benefit growth performance of broiler chickens under an intestinal challenge.
ID: 728

EFFECT OF MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS BASED ON SHUNGITE ON LAYING HENS.

A.Zasorin*(1), I.Nikonov*(2), E.Anchikov(3)

(1) Karelian Investment Company "RBC", Petrozavodsk, Russia, (2) Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia, (3) Danzim llc., Moscow, Russia

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: danzim@mail.ru (Eduard Anchikov)

In industrial environment birds are exposed to significant functional load, which often weakens the natural defence and negatively affects the health and growth rates. Mineral additive from shungite rock is of great interest. Fossil shungite rock is an ancient Precambrian carbonaceous formation with a specific structure, properties and high adsorption capacity. Shungite carbon has a fullerene-like structure characterized by high chemical and physico-chemical activity.

The research was conducted on "Hisex brown" hens aged 56-64 weeks in commercial poultry farm. Mineral feed additive based on shungit was grinded with the use of innovative technologies and sort by fractions of different size. The size of particles was determined by regulatory requirements for poultry feeds. The trial used biochemical, molecular genetic and zootechnical approaches to assess the impact of feed additive based on shungite on birds condition. The effect of feed additive on the expression of productivity and resistance genes was evaluated. Mineral additive based on shungit was added into the diets in the amount of 1 kg/t of feed.

The mineral feed additive based on shungite has been tested for the ability to bind mycotoxins. The true sorption of mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1- 99.8%, ochratoxin A - 99.7%, T-2 toxin - 59.6%, zearalenone - 98.7%. It was observed an increasing production performance of laying hens with feeds supplemented with shungite in the form of grits with a particle size of 2-3 mm diameter. During the experiment the average egg production per hen increased and reached the target values. Average body weight of laying hens in the experimental group increased by 1.5%, which indicates a good physiological condition. It was observed raise in overall grade of eggs and increas of total eggmass. The yield of high grade eggs (7.6%) was significantly increased.

CONCLUSION. The use of a mineral supplement based on shungite in a preventive dose can neutralize the negative impact of mycotoxins on birds and keep their productivity at the target level. Feed additive based on shungite tested for lack of binding capacity in relation to vitamins, trace elements and amino acids in the balance trial. Thus, the feed additive based on shungite when used in poultry feeds increase productivity and has the potential to improve feed conversion ratio. It practically does not affect the metabolism of vitamins, amino acids and trace elements.
ID: 993

EFFECT OF THE SATURATION DEGREE AND THE ACIDITY LEVEL OF ADDED FAT IN BROILER CHICKEN DIETS ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS, ABDOMINAL FAT DEPOSITION AND FATTY ACID PROFILE OF LEGMEAT

G.Verge-mèrida\*(1), R.Rodríguez-sánchez(2), I.Andrés-ramos(2), A.Barroeta lajusticia(2)

(1) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Spain, (2) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

\*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** gerard.verge@uab.cat (Gerard Verge Mèrida)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the saturation degree and acidity level of supplemented fat in broiler diets on performance parameters, fat deposition and fatty acid (FA) profile of leg meat. A total of 528 1 d old female broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 48 cages (11 chickens/cage) and 8 treatments (n = 6 cages/treatment). Eight experimental diets resulted from replacing soybean oil with soybean acid oil, or palm oil with palm fatty acid distillate in different proportions. Thus, there were 4 soybean (S) and 4 palm (P) diets with 6% of added fat varying in their free FA (FFA) composition (5%, 15%, 35% and 50%). Performance parameters, i.e., BW, ADG, ADFI and FCR, were measured. Animals were slaughtered at 37 d, and from 3 animals per cage (18 animals/treatment) both carcass weight (CW) and % of abdominal fat depot (AFD) were calculated. Furthermore, samples of deboned leg meat with skin were collected, homogenized and FA profile was analyzed. Data was analyzed by a two-way ANOVA using the statistical software R.

Concerning the saturation degree of added fat, chickens fed S showed higher BW and lesser AFD (P < 0.001) than those fed P, independently of the percentage of FFA. Regarding acidity, animals fed with moderate acidity levels (15% of FFA) had the highest BW, ADG and CW (P < 0.01). Additionally, as acidity increased, AFD decreased (P = 0.047). Deboned leg meat with skin reflected different FA profile according to dietary fat source added (P < 0.001): S showed a lower content of SFA and monounsaturated FAs (MUFA) and a higher content of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) than P. Animals fed with S, at higher levels of acidity (50% of FFA), showed an increase (P = 0.005) on SFA and a decrease (P < 0.001) on MUFA and PUFA. This effect did not occur on animals fed with P, in which no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the different levels of acidity. These results suggest that palm oil and soybean oil included at 6% with moderate acidity levels (15% of FFA) could be suitable for poultry, since they showed the highest growth rates. Moreover, high levels of acidity (50% of FFA) in P did not change the FA profile of deboned leg meat with skin, but these levels in S led to a decrease in PUFA and an increase in SFA and MUFA.
ID: 999

A BROILER DIET OF HIGH-OLEIC PEANUTS ENHANCES THE UNSATURATED FATTY ACID PROFILE OF THE MEAT PRODUCED

O.Toomer*(1), M.Livingston(2), T.Vu(1), B.Wall(3), E.Sanders(3), R.Malheiros(3), K.Livingston(4), L.Carvalho(3), P.Ferket(3), L.Dean(1)

(1) Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, United states, (2) DSM Animal Nutritional Products LLC, Parsippany, United states, (3) Prestage Department of Poultry Science, Raleigh, United states, (4) Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, United states

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: Ondulla.Toomer@ars.usda.gov (Ondulla Toomer)

Early feeding trials using peanut meal prepared from normal-oleic peanuts helped to identify peanuts as a suitable alternative feed ingredient for poultry. Yet, no studies to date have examined the use of high-oleic peanuts (HO-PN) as a feed ingredient for broiler meat-type chickens. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of feeding whole unblanched HO-PN on the fatty acid profile of the meat produced from broilers. At hatch male chicks were randomly placed in raised wire cages, in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per pen, and fed with one of the 3 isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets ad libitum for 42 days: (1) conventional control of soybean meal + corn, (2) 10 to 12% HO-PN and corn diet, or (3) control diet spiked with =6.0% oleic acid oil. All body weights (BW) were collected, and broiler selection for processing was determined by individual BW within one-half a standard deviation of the experiment 42-D mean BW, with one bird selected per pen (10 replicate pens per treatment, 3 treatments, 10 birds selected per treatment, yielding a total sample size of 30 birds). Performance was determined weekly and breast samples were analyzed for fatty acid and amino acid profile. All data was analyzed using analysis of variance, with t-test mean comparisons at p < 0.05. Body weights were similar between broilers fed the HO-PN and control diets, while the feed conversion ratio of broilers fed the HO-PN diet were significantly higher at week 2, 4 and 6 relative to the other treatments (pc0.03). HO-PN broilers had reduced hot carcass and cold carcass weights, and pectoralis major breast weights relative to the other treatments. Chicken breast produced from broilers fed the HO-PN diets had significantly reduced saturated and trans-fatty acid content relative to the controls (pc0.0002). While additional studies must be conducted, this study suggests that feeding whole unblanched high-oleic peanuts to broiler chickens may serve as a means to enrich the meat produced with unsaturated fatty acids.
ID: 1183

EVALUATION OF FEEDING VALUE OF COMBINATION OF ALTERNATE
PROTEIN SOURCES IN WHITE LEGHORN LAYERS

S.Rama Rao*(1), M.Raju(1), R.Chatterjee(1), B.Prakash(1), S.Paul(1)

(1) ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: svramaraol@gmail.com (S. V. Rama Rao)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including graded
levels (12, 16 & 20%) of a protein mix (APM) containing combination of 3
protein sources (cottonseed meal, distillers dried grain & mustardseed
cake in a fixed ratio, 3.33:2.33:1) as a partial substitute for soybean
meal (SBM) in diets of WL (Babcock) layers (27 to 46 wk) and to study
the possibility of increasing the inclusion levels of APM in layer diet by
increasing the concentration of crude protein (CP) and or critical amino
acids (CAA) in diet. A maize-SBM based diet with recommended nutrient
allowances was used as the control diet (CD). In experiment 1, the APM
was included at 4 different levels (0, 12, 16 & 20%) in diet, while
maintaining the same levels of CP (14.5%) and CAA in the diets. In
experiment 2, four different diets were tested, i.e control (0%APM,
14.5%CP) and three test diets with 20% APM having 3 graded levels of CP
(14.5, 15.5 & 16.5%). In experiment 3, five diets were tested: control
(0% APM, 100% CAA) and 4 test diets with 20% APM having 4 graded
concentrations of CAA (100, 105, 110 & 115%). In all the experiments,
each diet was fed ad libitum to 9 replicates of 88 birds each. Experiments
were conducted during 3 different time periods. In experiment 1, egg
production (EP) and feed intake (FI) were not affected upto 16% APM, but
at 20% APM, the EP reduced significantly. The FCR (FI/egg) in layers fed
APM 12% was similar to the control, but increased in the group fed APM
s16%. The egg weight (EW) and egg mass (EM) in layers fed APM at 16
& 20% were significantly lower than the control group. Increase in
dietary CP from 14.5 to 15.5% in APM 20% group improved EP and
reduced FCR to the levels similar to those fed CD in experiment 2. Though
the EW was not affected with dietary CP level, the EM improved with
increase in CP and the EM at 16.5% protein was similar to that of the
control group. Increasing the concentrations of CAA progressively
improved the EP and reduced FCR in experiment 3. The EP at CAA 110%
and FCR at CAA 105% were similar to those fed the CD. Mortality, body
weight gain, egg quality parameters were not affected by the treatments.
Based on the results, it could be concluded that APM consisting of CSM,
DDGS and RSM can be included up to 16% in diet without affecting the
layer performance. By increasing either protein from 14.5 to 15.5% or
CAA concentration by 10%, the dietary levels of the APM could be
increased to 20%.
ID: 1253

# EFFECT OF INCLUSION OF INSOLUBLE FIBER SOURCES IN THE DIET ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF BROILERS

R.Jakkula*(1), R.S v(2), P.S s(2)

(1) Chalimeda Feeds Private Limited, Karimnagar, India, (2) Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: drrajuj@gmail.com (Raju Jakkula)

The phasing out of antibiotics as growth promoters from poultry diets has increased the interest for alternative nutritional strategies, to increase the performance and to protect against diseases. Moderate amounts of selected fiber sources might benefit the development and function of digestive tract and performance in broilers (Adibmoradia et al., 2016). Present experiment was conducted to study effect of inclusion of different sources of fiber (rice hulls (RH), groundnut hulls (GH) and soya hulls (SH)) on the growth performance, and carcass traits of broilers.

Day-old broiler (cob 400) male chicks (n = 1632) were distributed into 6 dietary treatments of 17 replicates with 16 chicks per replicate. The birds from treatment I and II are fed with control diets with and without AGP (Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate @500g/ton of feed), respectively. The birds from treatment III, IV and V are fed with 2.5% rice hulls, ground nut hulls and soybean hulls, respectively. The birds from treatment VI are fed with 2.5% soybean hulls without coccidiostat (SHWC). Body weight gain and feed intake per replicate were recorded at 14, 28 and 42 d of age. At 34 d of age, one bird from each replicate was selected and carcass traits were measured. The data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance (Snedecor and Cochran, 1980).

From 0 to 28 d of age, broilers fed with control diets with or without AGP have similar body weight gain, feed intake and FCR. Among the fiber based diets, GH and SH based diets have higher body weight and better FCR compared to control diets. However, RH based diet has similar body weight but better FCR compared to control diets.

From 0 to 42 d of age, the body weight (g) and FCR of the treatments I to VI are 2592, 1.634; 2560, 1.650; 2606, 1.603; 2603, 1.610; 2637, 1.613; 2653 and 1.615, respectively. Similar body weight gains and feed intake were reported among the treatments (P>0.05). However, FCR in birds fed with fiber based diets (RH, GH and SH) was similar to the birds fed with control diet with AGP and significantly lower compared to the control diet without AGP. The carcass traits were not affected by the inclusion of fiber in the diets.

**Conclusion:** with the inclusion of natural insoluble fiber sources like rice hulls, groundnut hulls and soya hulls, it can be possible to remove AGP from broiler diets without affecting the performance and carcass traits
# General physiology
ID: 288

# A NEW MODEL FOR VERTEBRATE MINERALIZATION VIA STABILIZED ACC FOR AVIAN EGGSHELL FORMATION

L.Stapane(1), N.Le roy(1), J.Ezagal(2), V.Labas(3), L.Combes-soia(4), A.Rodriguez-navaroo(5), M.Hincke(6), J.Gautron*(7)

(1) INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France, (2) INRAE, University of Tours, Nouzilly, France, (3) INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France, (4) INRAE, CNRS, University of Tours, Nouzilly, France, (5) University of Granada, Granada, Spain, (6) University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, (7) INRAE, Nouzilly, France

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: joel.gautron@inra.fr (Joël Gautron)

The eggshell is a critical barrier against mechanical stresses and microbial penetration. Its integrity is essential to maintain the hygienic quality of this basic human food and to limit the number of downgraded eggs. In such a context, we are looking for eggshell strength specific markers in order to optimize egg quality.

The eggshell is made of 95% mineral phase (calcium carbonate on calcite form) and an organic matrix (3.5%) mostly containing proteins. Eggshell formation arises from an extra-cellular biomineralization process, which takes place in a fluid that contains eggshell precursors and involves a transient phase of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). This work aims at exploring the presence and the role of extracellular vesicles to stabilize ACC and to address it to the mineralization site. In a first approach, we used real time qRT-PCR to assess the expression of vesicular target genes in several tissues. The results confirmed a high expression of vesicular target genes (edil3, anxa1, anxa2, pdcd6ip) in oviduct portions where mineralization takes place. In this study, we have also explored the role of EDIL3 and MFGE8 proteins in chicken shell at key stages of shell mineralization, and confirmed they could bind Ca2+ and vesicles, thanks to an EGF-like calcium-binding domain and a F5/8C phospholipid-binding domain. It was therefore suggested that both proteins could be involved in the vesicular transport of calcium. In a second approach, electronic microscopy coupled with elementary analysis was used to observe the uterine fluid collected during eggshell biomineralization. Data obtained highlighted the presence of extracellular vesicles (~ 300 nm) containing calcium carbonate. Finally, Western Blot analysis confirmed the presence of EDIL3, a key vesicular protein in the purified vesicle fraction.

The results of this study showed for the first time the involvement of extracellular vesicles in the transport of calcium carbonate for the biomineralization of hen's eggshell. We proposed a model of calcification using vesicles to stabilize ACC and explaining the fast deposition of the crystalline calcite oriented layer in the shell. The proteins described in this study will have to be explored as biological markers for a selection of chicken layers with improved mechanical properties.
ID: 855

EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD ON LAYING PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND OVARIAN FOLLICLES DEVELOPMENT IN LAYING DUCKS

Y.Cui(1), H.Zhang(1), J.Wang(1), G.Qi(3), S.Wu*(1)

(1) Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China, (3) Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

*Presenting author

Corresponding author mail: qiguanghai@caas.cn (Guang-Hai Qi)

The effects of photoperiod on laying performance, reproductive organs and ovarian follicles development of laying ducks were investigated in this study. A total of 300 252-d-old Jinding laying ducks were fed a basal diet, with pellet form. They were randomly divided into five groups that received 12L (hours of light):12D (hours of dark), 14L:10D, 16L:8D, 18L:6D or 20L:4D, respectively. Each group had six replicates with 10 birds each. The feeding trial lasted from 37 to 44 wk of age. During the experiment, the laid eggs and feed consumption were recorded. At the end of trial, 2 birds each replicate were slaughtered and reproductive organs were taken for subsequent analysis. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and means were compared using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The linear and quadratic effects of photoperiod were assessed using regression analysis. Egg production, egg mass and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased linearly and quadratically with increasing photoperiods (P < 0.05), during 1-4, 5-8 and 1-8 wk. Compared with the 12L:12D, s 16 h photoperiod increased egg production (5-8 and 1-8 wk), egg mass (1-4, 5-8 and 1-8 wk) and ADFI (1-4, 5-8 and 1-8 wk; P < 0.05). Besides, more than 16 h photoperiod treatments had higher egg production (1-4 wk) than those of 12L:12D and 14L:10D treatments. The initial stroma (weight) and bare stroma (weight and percentage) increased quadratically in response to the increase in photoperiod (P < 0.05). The total number and weight of large white follicles (LWFs) increased linearly and quadratically with increasing photoperiods (P < 0.05). Reliable regression equations (R2 s 0.5071) were obtained; 16.56 and 16.93 h were the optimal photoperiod for bare stroma and LWFs weight, respectively. Compared with the 12L:12D, 16L:8D treatment had higher initial stroma weight, bare stroma weight and percentage (P < 0.05); meanwhile, higher values of initial and bare stroma weight were observed in 18L:6D treatment (P < 0.05). More than 16 h photoperiod increased LWFs weight, and the higher values occurred in 16L:8D and 18L:6D treatments (P < 0.05), compared with the 12L:12D. Besides, total number of LWF in 16L:8D and 18L:6D were higher than those of 12L:12D and 14L:10D treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, appropriate photoperiod could improve laying performance, reproductive organ and ovarian follicles development, and 16.56-16.93 h/d is an adequate photoperiod for laying ducks.
ID: 991

# AN INVESTIGATION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS OF BROILERS WITH VARYING BODY WEIGHTS

G.Kolluri*(1), S.Gogoi(2), G.Marappan(2), J.Tyagi(2), K.Mannickam(3), V.Saxena(2)

(1) ICAR-CENTRAL AVIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India, (2) ICAR-CENTRAL AVIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Bareilly, India, (3) ICAR-CENTRAL AVIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Govt. of INDIA, Bareilly, India

*Presenting author

**Corresponding author mail:** drgau_vet@yahoo.com (Gautham Kolluri)

Growth and body weight seems to be the foundation stones of broiler production. Some birds are unique to heavy body weight, others are found to have comparatively slower growth rate although rapid weight gain is the characteristic of broiler which depends upon intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Significant developments in the genetic selection of the meaty birds led to fast growth with increased FE and metabolic rate in relatively short period. This logically necessitated an increase in the size and efficiency of cardiovascular and respiratory systems as well as enhancement in their functional efficiency. Thorough understanding of the factors causing differences in body weight is lacking and is important to obtain superior uniform flock at maturity with maximum utility. This study aims to elucidate the physiological determinants in broilers with different body weights under normal conditions. Broilers (N=320) were reared in deep litter up to 5 weeks of age under standard conditions. At 5th week, categorized randomly into 3 groups (n=24/group) as high-HBW (>1050 g), medium/control-MBW (900-1050 g) and low-LBW (<900 g). Zoo-technical performance, vital signs, cardiovascular responses, hematological and biochemical constituents and digestive efficiency was measured. One way ANOVA was performed with Tukey's post hoc test to assess the significant difference between the treatment groups. Results revealed significant (p=0.000) difference. Weight gain was higher (p=0.01) in MBW which is accompanied by higher (p=0.014) feed intake. FE was higher (p=0.026) in LBW followed by MBW and HBW groups. Except ALP, no biochemical variations was observed. MBW birds showed significantly (p=0.017) lower enzyme levels (34.25 IU/L) than others. LBW groups showed lower (p<0.05) blood pressure with higher beats per minute (292.41) than other groups. Respiration rate, internal body temperature and corresponding temperature gradient is also higher (p=0.000) in HBW groups. Intestinal densities were higher (p<0.05) in HBW groups followed by MBW and LBW groups. Internal organs (spleen, heart, liver, lungs, kidney and gizzard) significantly (p=0.045) revealed higher relative weights in LBW groups. Villus and crypt dimensions are comparatively higher in LBW than HBW and MBW groups. In conclusion, the significant impact of body weight on physiological responses in commercial broilers allowing us to predict their performance efficiency under stress conditions in particular heat stress.