In this paper, Southern Babylonia has been chosen as a test region for the study of the transition from the Late Achaemenid rule over Mesopotamia to the Seleucid domination. The Author re-examines epigraphic evidences mostly coming from Uruk, which seems to confirm how administration and local institutions evolved adapting the former Mesopotamian tradition to the out-coming needs. During the Hellenistic period this transition gave rise to the increasing circulation of coins and probably the redistribution of estates to new members of the bureaucracy. This evidence leads the Author to interesting remarks about the relations between temple institutions and the Seleucid sovereigns, redefined in the light of an increasing importance of the temples that strongly influenced Seleucid policy in Babylonia.