# Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World

Yingqin Zheng, Pamela Abbott, Jose Antonio Robles-Flores

► To cite this version:

Yingqin Zheng, Pamela Abbott, Jose Antonio Robles-Flores. Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World: 17th IFIP WG 9.4 International Conference on Implications of Information and Digital Technologies for Development, ICT4D 2022, Lima, Peru, May 25–27, 2022, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, AICT-657, 2022, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 978-3-031-19428-3. 10.1007/978-3-031-19429-0. hal-04601157

HAL Id: hal-04601157

https://inria.hal.science/hal-04601157

Submitted on 6 Jun 2024

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entific research documents, whether they are pub-
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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World

Yingqin Zheng, Pamela Abbott, Jose Antonio Robles-Flores

► To cite this version:

Yingqin Zheng, Pamela Abbott, Jose Antonio Robles-Flores. Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World. Springer International Publishing, AICT-657, 2022, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 978-3-031-19428-3. 10.1007/978-3-031-19429-0 hal-04601157

HAL Id: hal-04601157

https://inria.hal.science/hal-04601157v1

Submitted on 6 Jun 2024

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Editor-in-Chief

Kai Rannenberg, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Editorial Board Members

TC 1 – Foundations of Computer Science
Luís Soares Barbosa①, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

TC 2 – Software: Theory and Practice
Michael Goedicke, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

TC 3 – Education
Arthur Tatnall①, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

TC 5 – Information Technology Applications
Erich J. Neuhold, University of Vienna, Austria

TC 6 – Communication Systems
Burkhard Stiller, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

TC 7 – System Modeling and Optimization
Fredi Tröltzsch, TU Berlin, Germany

TC 8 – Information Systems
Jan Pries-Heje, Roskilde University, Denmark

TC 9 – ICT and Society
David Kreps①, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

TC 10 – Computer Systems Technology
Ricardo Reis①, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

TC 11 – Security and Privacy Protection in Information Processing Systems
Steven Furnell①, Plymouth University, UK

TC 12 – Artificial Intelligence
Eunika Mercier-Laurent①, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France

TC 13 – Human-Computer Interaction
Marco Winckler①, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France

TC 14 – Entertainment Computing
Rainer Malaka, University of Bremen, Germany
Editor-in-Chief

Kai Rannenberg, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Editorial Board Members

TC 1 – Foundations of Computer Science
Luís Soares Barbosa*†, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

TC 2 – Software: Theory and Practice
Michael Goedicke, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

TC 3 – Education
Arthur Tatnall*‡, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

TC 5 – Information Technology Applications
Erich J. Neuhold, University of Vienna, Austria

TC 6 – Communication Systems
Burkhard Stiller, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

TC 7 – System Modeling and Optimization
Fredi Tröltzsch, TU Berlin, Germany

TC 8 – Information Systems
Jan Pries-Heje, Roskilde University, Denmark

TC 9 – ICT and Society
David Kreps*§, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

TC 10 – Computer Systems Technology
Ricardo Reis*||, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

TC 11 – Security and Privacy Protection in Information Processing Systems
Steven Furnell*||, Plymouth University, UK

TC 12 – Artificial Intelligence
Eunika Mercier-Laurent*||, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France

TC 13 – Human-Computer Interaction
Marco Winckler*||, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France

TC 14 – Entertainment Computing
Rainer Malaka, University of Bremen, Germany
IFIP – The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the first World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. A federation for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing in the countries of its members and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states:

> IFIP is the global non-profit federation of societies of ICT professionals that aims at achieving a worldwide professional and socially responsible development and application of information and communication technologies.

IFIP is a non-profit-making organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees and working groups, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from large international open conferences to working conferences and local seminars.

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high.

As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is generally smaller and occasionally by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is also rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers.

IFIP distinguishes three types of institutional membership: Country Representative Members, Members at Large, and Associate Members. The type of organization that can apply for membership is a wide variety and includes national or international societies of individual computer scientists/ICT professionals, associations or federations of such societies, government institutions/government related organizations, national or international research institutes or consortia, universities, academies of sciences, companies, national or international associations or federations of companies.

More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/6102
# IFIP – The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the first World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. A federation for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing in the countries of its members and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states:

> IFIP is the global non-profit federation of societies of ICT professionals that aims at achieving a worldwide professional and socially responsible development and application of information and communication technologies.

IFIP is a non-profit-making organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees and working groups, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from large international open conferences to working conferences and local seminars.

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high.

As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is generally smaller and occasionally by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is also rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers.

IFIP distinguishes three types of institutional membership: Country Representative Members, Members at Large, and Associate Members. The type of organization that can apply for membership is a wide variety and includes national or international societies of individual computer scientists/ICT professionals, associations or federations of such societies, government institutions/government related organizations, national or international research institutes or consortia, universities, academies of sciences, companies, national or international associations or federations of companies.

More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/6102
Yingqin Zheng · Pamela Abbott ·
Jose Antonio Robles-Flores (Eds.)

Freedom and Social Inclusion
in a Connected World

17th IFIP WG 9.4 International Conference on
Implications of Information and Digital
Technologies for Development, ICT4D 2022
Lima, Peru, May 25–27, 2022
Proceedings

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Springer
Yingqin Zheng · Pamela Abbott ·
Jose Antonio Robles-Flores (Eds.)

Freedom and Social Inclusion
in a Connected World

17th IFIP WG 9.4 International Conference on
Implications of Information and Digital
Technologies for Development, ICT4D 2022
Lima, Peru, May 25–27, 2022
Proceedings

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>
Editors

Yingqin Zheng

Royal Holloway University of London
Egham, UK

Pamela Abbott

The University of Sheffield
Sheffield, UK

Jose Antonio Robles-Flores

ESAN University
Lima, Peru

ISSN 1868-4238

ISSN 1868-422X (electronic)

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

ISBN 978-3-031-19428-3

ISBN 978-3-031-19429-0 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19429-0

© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2022

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Editors

Yingqin Zheng

Royal Holloway University of London
Egham, UK

Pamela Abbott

The University of Sheffield
Sheffield, UK

Jose Antonio Robles-Flores

ESAN University
Lima, Peru

ISSN 1868-4238

ISSN 1868-422X (electronic)

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

ISBN 978-3-031-19428-3

ISBN 978-3-031-19429-0 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19429-0

© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2022

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
# Preface

This book consists of the 17th IFIP WG 9.4 conference proceedings (ICT4D 2022). The theme of the conference was "Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World". The conference was originally scheduled to take place in May 2021 in Lima, Peru. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2020, with Peru being one of the worst affected countries, the conference had to be held online, despite having been postponed by one year.

The pandemic is not only a public health crisis. Deep-seated inequalities and tensions have been unveiled and magnified under COVID-19 across different social, institutional, and cultural contexts, including in the most advanced economies. Digital connection has never been more profoundly implicated in the freedom and wellbeing of individuals as societies face the challenge of a severe pandemic. New theories, concepts, and philosophical perspectives are needed to shed light on the digital challenges in an increasingly complex and precarious world.

It was at this disruptive, historical moment that the call for papers for ICT4D 2022 was issued. Authors were invited to examine the role of digital technology in relation to diverse forms of exclusion, marginalization, and vulnerabilities, and to investigate the intersections between technology and various systems of power in the uneven landscape of development.

The virtual conference consisted of 13 tracks as listed below, including two foreign language tracks in Spanish and Portuguese respectively, and a track dedicated to Research in Progress papers.

1. Digital Platforms

2. Government Corruption, ICTs, and the Quest for Inclusion

3. Human-Computer Interaction for Ethical Value Exchange and Social Inclusion

4. Digital Entrepreneurship for Development

5. Digital Resilience in Adversity

6. Artificial Intelligence, Inequalities, and Human Rights

7. Pushing Boundaries - New and Innovative Philosophical, Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Researching ICT4D

8. Reimagining Digital Technology for the "New Normal": A Feminist Approach to Freedom and Social Inclusion

9. Digital Rights and Activism

10. ICT in Displacement and Conflict Zones: Ideas, Disconnects, and Innovations

11. Research in Spanish

12. Research in Portuguese

13. Research in Progress

It was encouraging to see some topic areas developing in this year's IFIP WG 9.4 conference, such as the tracks on feminist approaches, artificial intelligence, and digital rights and activism. In total, 58 papers were submitted, 41 were accepted and presented
# Preface

This book consists of the 17th IFIP WG 9.4 conference proceedings (ICT4D 2022). The theme of the conference was "Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World". The conference was originally scheduled to take place in May 2021 in Lima, Peru. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2020, with Peru being one of the worst affected countries, the conference had to be held online, despite having been postponed by one year.

The pandemic is not only a public health crisis. Deep-seated inequalities and tensions have been unveiled and magnified under COVID-19 across different social, institutional, and cultural contexts, including in the most advanced economies. Digital connection has never been more profoundly implicated in the freedom and wellbeing of individuals as societies face the challenge of a severe pandemic. New theories, concepts, and philosophical perspectives are needed to shed light on the digital challenges in an increasingly complex and precarious world.

It was at this disruptive, historical moment that the call for papers for ICT4D 2022 was issued. Authors were invited to examine the role of digital technology in relation to diverse forms of exclusion, marginalization, and vulnerabilities, and to investigate the intersections between technology and various systems of power in the uneven landscape of development.

The virtual conference consisted of 13 tracks as listed below, including two foreign language tracks in Spanish and Portuguese respectively, and a track dedicated to Research in Progress papers.

1. Digital Platforms

2. Government Corruption, ICTs, and the Quest for Inclusion

3. Human-Computer Interaction for Ethical Value Exchange and Social Inclusion

4. Digital Entrepreneurship for Development

5. Digital Resilience in Adversity

6. Artificial Intelligence, Inequalities, and Human Rights

7. Pushing Boundaries - New and Innovative Philosophical, Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Researching ICT4D

8. Reimagining Digital Technology for the "New Normal": A Feminist Approach to Freedom and Social Inclusion

9. Digital Rights and Activism

10. ICT in Displacement and Conflict Zones: Ideas, Disconnects, and Innovations

11. Research in Spanish

12. Research in Portuguese

13. Research in Progress

It was encouraging to see some topic areas developing in this year's IFIP WG 9.4 conference, such as the tracks on feminist approaches, artificial intelligence, and digital rights and activism. In total, 58 papers were submitted, 41 were accepted and presented
at the conference, and 40 papers were included in this published version of the
proceedings.

Out of the 40 papers accepted in this volume, 3 are short papers. Each paper was reviewed in a double-blind process by at least 2 reviewers.

The keynote speaker of the conference was Tim Unwin, UNESCO Chair in ICT4D, who gave a talk on “Freedom, enslavement and the digital barons: A thought experiment”. It is also important to mention the thought-provoking discussions led by the five very interesting panels, all of which were closely linked to the conference theme although not included in the proceedings:

*   **Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World**
    Panelists: Dorothea Kleine, Yingqin Zheng, Kirstin Krauss, Sundeep Sahay

Moderator: Pamela Abbott

*   **Differential Privileges Shaping ICT4D: Intersectional Analysis of Implications for Theory, Policy, and Practice**
    Panelists: Tony Sandset, Susan Scott, Pitso Tsibolane, Tendani Chimboza

Moderator: Arunima Sehgal Mukherjee

*   **Artificial Intelligence for Freedom and Social Inclusion? Limits and Possibilities in the Global South**
    Panelists: Carla Bonina, Fabrizio Scrollini, Maria Esther Cervantes, Javiera Atenas, Renata Avila

Moderator: Carla Bonina

*   **Mediated Activism: Clicks for Justice and Freedom**
    Panelists: Paridhi Gupta, Ashique Ali T, Çağdaş Dedeoğlu

Moderator: Priyank Chandra

*   **Feminist and Queer Approaches to Technological Resistance in the Global South**
    Panelists: Azadeh Akbari, Margaret Cheesman, Silvia Masiero, Ayushi Tandon, Katherine Wyers

Moderators: Azadeh Akbari, Margaret Cheesman

We are grateful for the insightful contributions of the panelists as much as the presented papers. We hope to see the perspectives and exchanges from the conference papers and panels, as well as those taking place in virtual roundtables and meetup groups, further developed and fed into a more open, vibrant, and critical discourse of ICT4D.

Yingqin Zheng

Pamela Abbott

Jose-Antonio Robles-Flores
at the conference, and 40 papers were included in this published version of the
proceedings.

Out of the 40 papers accepted in this volume, 3 are short papers. Each paper was reviewed in a double-blind process by at least 2 reviewers.

The keynote speaker of the conference was Tim Unwin, UNESCO Chair in ICT4D, who gave a talk on “Freedom, enslavement and the digital barons: A thought experiment”. It is also important to mention the thought-provoking discussions led by the five very interesting panels, all of which were closely linked to the conference theme although not included in the proceedings:

*   **Freedom and Social Inclusion in a Connected World**
    Panelists: Dorothea Kleine, Yingqin Zheng, Kirstin Krauss, Sundeep Sahay

Moderator: Pamela Abbott

*   **Differential Privileges Shaping ICT4D: Intersectional Analysis of Implications for Theory, Policy, and Practice**
    Panelists: Tony Sandset, Susan Scott, Pitso Tsibolane, Tendani Chimboza

Moderator: Arunima Sehgal Mukherjee

*   **Artificial Intelligence for Freedom and Social Inclusion? Limits and Possibilities in the Global South**
    Panelists: Carla Bonina, Fabrizio Scrollini, Maria Esther Cervantes, Javiera Atenas, Renata Avila

Moderator: Carla Bonina

*   **Mediated Activism: Clicks for Justice and Freedom**
    Panelists: Paridhi Gupta, Ashique Ali T, Çağdaş Dedeoğlu

Moderator: Priyank Chandra

*   **Feminist and Queer Approaches to Technological Resistance in the Global South**
    Panelists: Azadeh Akbari, Margaret Cheesman, Silvia Masiero, Ayushi Tandon, Katherine Wyers

Moderators: Azadeh Akbari, Margaret Cheesman

We are grateful for the insightful contributions of the panelists as much as the presented papers. We hope to see the perspectives and exchanges from the conference papers and panels, as well as those taking place in virtual roundtables and meetup groups, further developed and fed into a more open, vibrant, and critical discourse of ICT4D.

Yingqin Zheng

Pamela Abbott

Jose-Antonio Robles-Flores
## Organization

### Conference Chairs

Antonio Diaz-Andrade
Martin Santana

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Universidad ESAN, Peru

### Program Chairs

Yingqin Zheng
Pamela Abbott
Jose-Antonio Robles-Flores

Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
University of Sheffield, UK
Universidad ESAN, Peru

### Program Committee

Jose Abdelnour Nocera
Atta Addo
Evronia Azer
Rehema Baguma
Tanja Bosch
Suzana Brown
Alexandre R. Graeml
Anita Gurumurthy
Richard Heeks
Faheem Hussain
Vigneswara Ilavarasan
Andrea Jimenez
Caroline Khene
Endrit Kromidha
David Lamas
Silvia Masiero
Brian Nicholson
Petter Nielsen
Adebowale Owoseni
Tony Roberts
Guillermo Rodriguez-Abitia
P. K. Senyo
Tenace Setor
John Shawe-Taylor
Matthew Smith
Aurora Sánchez
Johan Sæbø

University of West London, UK
University of Surrey, UK
Coventry University, UK
Makerere University, Uganda
University of Cape Town, South Africa
SUNY Korea, South Korea
Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil
IT for Change, India
University of Manchester, UK
Arizona State University, USA
IIT Delhi, India
University of Sheffield, UK
De Montfort University, UK
University of Birmingham, UK
Tallinn University, Estonia
Loughborough University, UK
University of Manchester, UK
University of Oslo, Norway
De Montfort University, UK
Institute of Development Studies, UK
College of William and Mary, USA
University of Southampton, UK
University of Omaha, USA
University College London, UK
International Development Research Centre, Canada
Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile
University of Oslo, Norway
## Organization

### Conference Chairs

Antonio Diaz-Andrade
Martin Santana

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Universidad ESAN, Peru

### Program Chairs

Yingqin Zheng
Pamela Abbott
Jose-Antonio Robles-Flores

Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
University of Sheffield, UK
Universidad ESAN, Peru

### Program Committee

Jose Abdelnour Nocera
Atta Addo
Evronia Azer
Rehema Baguma
Tanja Bosch
Suzana Brown
Alexandre R. Graeml
Anita Gurumurthy
Richard Heeks
Faheem Hussain
Vigneswara Ilavarasan
Andrea Jimenez
Caroline Khene
Endrit Kromidha
David Lamas
Silvia Masiero
Brian Nicholson
Petter Nielsen
Adebowale Owoseni
Tony Roberts
Guillermo Rodriguez-Abitia
P. K. Senyo
Tenace Setor
John Shawe-Taylor
Matthew Smith
Aurora Sánchez
Johan Sæbø

University of West London, UK
University of Surrey, UK
Coventry University, UK
Makerere University, Uganda
University of Cape Town, South Africa
SUNY Korea, South Korea
Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil
IT for Change, India
University of Manchester, UK
Arizona State University, USA
IIT Delhi, India
University of Sheffield, UK
De Montfort University, UK
University of Birmingham, UK
Tallinn University, Estonia
Loughborough University, UK
University of Manchester, UK
University of Oslo, Norway
De Montfort University, UK
Institute of Development Studies, UK
College of William and Mary, USA
University of Southampton, UK
University of Omaha, USA
University College London, UK
International Development Research Centre, Canada
Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile
University of Oslo, Norway
Angsana
Techatassanasoontorn

Devinder Thapa

Mamello Thinyane

Michaelanne Thomas

Sara Vannini

Kutoma Wakunuma

P. J. Wall

Marisol Wong-Villacres

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand

University of Agder, Norway

United Nations University Institute in Macau, Macao,
China

University of Michigan, USA

University of Sheffield, UK

De Montfort University, UK

Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Ecuador
Angsana
Techatassanasoontorn

Devinder Thapa

Mamello Thinyane

Michaelanne Thomas

Sara Vannini

Kutoma Wakunuma

P. J. Wall

Marisol Wong-Villacres

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand

University of Agder, Norway

United Nations University Institute in Macau, Macao,
China

University of Michigan, USA

University of Sheffield, UK

De Montfort University, UK

Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Ecuador
# Contents

## Digital Platforms

Leveraging Government Digital Platforms in Resource-Constrained Countries: Micro-foundations of Woredas in Ethiopia Debas Senshaw 3

Sociootechnical Factors that Shape E-Government Payment Portal Development in Ghana Winfred Ofoe Larkotey and Princely Ifinedo 24

Role of Social Media Digital Platforms in Empowering and Establishing Digital Enterprises for Women Sana Hafeez Shah and Fareesa Malik 41

Gendered Inequality on Digital Labour Platforms in the Global South: Towards a Freedom-Based Inclusion Rufaro Chibanda, Pitso Tsibolane, and Thando Nkohla-Ramunenyiwa 55

Factors Affecting Citizens' Use of e-Participation Platforms: A Case of GovChat Platform in Cape Town Municipality Aiden Katzef, Nozibele Gcora Vumazonke, Wallace Chigona, Teofelus Tonateni Tuyeni, and Chimwemwe Queen Mtegha 69

Institutional Work to Routinize the Use of a Digital AMR Monitoring System Yogita Thakral, Sundeep Sahay, and Arunima Mukherjee 89

The Role of Digital Platforms in Managing Institutional Logics: Case from DHIS2 in Ethiopia Abyot Asalefew Gizaw, Selamawit Molla Fossum, and Birkinesh Woldeyohannes Lagebo 107

Introducing Digital Health in Post Conflict Mozambique: A Historical Perspective Nilza Collinson and Sundeep Sahay 120

Journey on Flattening the Curve: The Actors and Networks of Indonesian Contact Tracing System Taufiq Sitompul, Popy Meilani, Syefira Salsabila, Raja Fathurrahim, Ratnasari Wahono, and Jørn A. Braa 144
# Contents

## Digital Platforms

Leveraging Government Digital Platforms in Resource-Constrained Countries: Micro-foundations of Woredas in Ethiopia Debas Senshaw 3

Sociootechnical Factors that Shape E-Government Payment Portal Development in Ghana Winfred Ofoe Larkotey and Princely Ifinedo 24

Role of Social Media Digital Platforms in Empowering and Establishing Digital Enterprises for Women Sana Hafeez Shah and Fareesa Malik 41

Gendered Inequality on Digital Labour Platforms in the Global South: Towards a Freedom-Based Inclusion Rufaro Chibanda, Pitso Tsibolane, and Thando Nkohla-Ramunenyiwa 55

Factors Affecting Citizens' Use of e-Participation Platforms: A Case of GovChat Platform in Cape Town Municipality Aiden Katzef, Nozibele Gcora Vumazonke, Wallace Chigona, Teofelus Tonateni Tuyeni, and Chimwemwe Queen Mtegha 69

Institutional Work to Routinize the Use of a Digital AMR Monitoring System Yogita Thakral, Sundeep Sahay, and Arunima Mukherjee 89

The Role of Digital Platforms in Managing Institutional Logics: Case from DHIS2 in Ethiopia Abyot Asalefew Gizaw, Selamawit Molla Fossum, and Birkinesh Woldeyohannes Lagebo 107

Introducing Digital Health in Post Conflict Mozambique: A Historical Perspective Nilza Collinson and Sundeep Sahay 120

Journey on Flattening the Curve: The Actors and Networks of Indonesian Contact Tracing System Taufiq Sitompul, Popy Meilani, Syefira Salsabila, Raja Fathurrahim, Ratnasari Wahono, and Jørn A. Braa 144
Government Corruption, ICTs, and the Quest for Inclusion

Education Information System Decentralization: The Introduction of Digital
Learner Records in the Gambia. .................................................... 159
Seedy Ahmed Jallow and Terje Aksel Sanner

Including the Excluded: Achieving Representation Through Strengthening
Health Information Systems in Lao PDR .................................................... 171
Elaine Byrne, Jørn A. Braa, John Lewis, Sam Boupha,
and Chansally Phommavong

Human-Computer Interaction for Ethical Value Exchange
and Social Inclusion

Where There is No CISO. ................................................................. 187
Johan Ivar Sæbø, Andre Büttner, Nils Gruschka, Bob Jolliffe,
and Austin McGee

Digital Entrepreneurship for Development

Negotiating Inclusion and Digital Entrepreneurship in a Zambian
Innovation Hub: A Post-colonial Perspective .................................... 203
Andrea Jiménez and Christopher Foster

Leveraging Blockchain Technology for the Empowerment of Women
Micro-entrepreneurs. .................................................................... 217
Fazeelah Isaacs, Grant Oosterwyk, and Rebecca Njugana

Digital Resilience in Adversity

Digitalisation of Indigenous Finance Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa:
A Critical Discourse Analysis. ................................................................. 239
Rebecca Njuguna, Pitso Tsibolane, and Ulrike Rivett

Reimagining Socio-technical ICT4D Interventions: Nexus Between
Context, Resilience, and Sustainability. ............................................ 252
Muluneh Atinaf

The Use of a User-Centric Smart Mobile Application Prototype for
Supporting Safety and Security in a City: A Design Science Method. . . . . . . . . 270
Maxine Mathijssen and Maureen Tanner

Building Digital Resilience to Combat Pandemics: Comparison of South
Korea, Sri Lanka and Rwanda ................................................................. 295
Pamod M. Amarakoon, Jørn A. Braa, Kyung Ryul Park, Sundeep Sahay,
and Andrew Muhire
Government Corruption, ICTs, and the Quest for Inclusion

Education Information System Decentralization: The Introduction of Digital
Learner Records in the Gambia. .................................... 159
Seedy Ahmed Jallow and Terje Aksel Sanner

Including the Excluded: Achieving Representation Through Strengthening
Health Information Systems in Lao PDR .................................... 171
Elaine Byrne, Jørn A. Braa, John Lewis, Sam Boupha,
and Chansally Phommavong

Human-Computer Interaction for Ethical Value Exchange
and Social Inclusion

Where There is No CISO. ............................................ 187
Johan Ivar Sæbø, Andre Büttner, Nils Gruschka, Bob Jolliffe,
and Austin McGee

Digital Entrepreneurship for Development

Negotiating Inclusion and Digital Entrepreneurship in a Zambian
Innovation Hub: A Post-colonial Perspective ........................ 203
Andrea Jiménez and Christopher Foster

Leveraging Blockchain Technology for the Empowerment of Women
Micro-entrepreneurs. .................................................. 217
Fazeelah Isaacs, Grant Oosterwyk, and Rebecca Njugana

Digital Resilience in Adversity

Digitalisation of Indigenous Finance Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa:
A Critical Discourse Analysis. .................................... 239
Rebecca Njuguna, Pitso Tsibolane, and Ulrike Rivett

Reimagining Socio-technical ICT4D Interventions: Nexus Between
Context, Resilience, and Sustainability. .......................... 252
Muluneh Atinaf

The Use of a User-Centric Smart Mobile Application Prototype for
Supporting Safety and Security in a City: A Design Science Method. . . . . . . . 270
Maxine Mathijssen and Maureen Tanner

Building Digital Resilience to Combat Pandemics: Comparison of South
Korea, Sri Lanka and Rwanda .................................... 295
Pamod M. Amarakoon, Jørn A. Braa, Kyung Ryul Park, Sundeep Sahay,
and Andrew Muhire
Digital and Language Inequalities in Disseminating COVID-19-Related Health Campaigns in Uganda: The Effects of Confinement and Social Distancing Strategies .................................................. 310
Milburga Atcero and Maureen Ayikoru

Exploring Notions of Resilience and Adaptability in the Context of Piloting a Mobile App for Risk Awareness During Covid-19 .................................... 332
Arlene Bailey, Larissa Pschetz, Marisa Wilson, Michaela Hubmann, Jonathan Rankin, Yhanore Johnson-Coke, Jessica Enright, Sara Jakubiak, Luke Buchanan, Sandra Latibeaudiere, Evan Morgan, Michael Heneghan, and Parris Lyew-Ayee

## Artificial Intelligence, Inequalities, and Human Rights

Artificial Intelligence for Quality Education: Successes and Challenges for AI in Meeting SDG4 .................................................. 347
Tumaini Mwendile Kabudi

Machine Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Review of Selected Research Publications, 2010–2021........................................ 363
Judy van Biljon

Datafication, Dehumanisation and Participatory Development .................................... 377
Tony Roberts and Yingqin Zheng

Towards a Balanced Natural Language Processing: A Systematic Literature Review for the Contact Centre: Balancing the AI Triple Challenge of Opportunity, Ethics, and Opportunity Cost! .................................... 397
Lungile Binza and Adheesh Budree

## Pushing Boundaries - New and Innovative Philosophical, Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Researching ICT4D

Understanding Evolution and Progress Towards Academic Maturity - A Review of Ten Years of ICT4D Research.................................... 423
Cecilia Strand and Mathias Hatakka

What is ‘Smart’ About Smart Village? Emerging Discourses and Future Research Directions................................................................. 440
Pragyan Thapa and Devinder Thapa

Digital Public Goods for Development: A Conspectus and Research Agenda ................................................................. 455
Brian Nicholson, Petter Nielsen, Johan Ivar Sæbø, and Ana Paula Tavares
Digital and Language Inequalities in Disseminating COVID-19-Related Health Campaigns in Uganda: The Effects of Confinement and Social Distancing Strategies .................................................... 310
Milburga Atcero and Maureen Ayikoru

Exploring Notions of Resilience and Adaptability in the Context of Piloting a Mobile App for Risk Awareness During Covid-19 .................................... 332
Arlene Bailey, Larissa Pschetz, Marisa Wilson, Michaela Hubmann, Jonathan Rankin, Yhanore Johnson-Coke, Jessica Enright, Sara Jakubiak, Luke Buchanan, Sandra Latibeaudiere, Evan Morgan, Michael Heneghan, and Parris Lyew-Ayee

## Artificial Intelligence, Inequalities, and Human Rights

Artificial Intelligence for Quality Education: Successes and Challenges for AI in Meeting SDG4 .................................................... 347
Tumaini Mwendile Kabudi

Machine Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Review of Selected Research Publications, 2010–2021........................................ 363
Judy van Biljon

Datafication, Dehumanisation and Participatory Development .................................... 377
Tony Roberts and Yingqin Zheng

Towards a Balanced Natural Language Processing: A Systematic Literature Review for the Contact Centre: Balancing the AI Triple Challenge of Opportunity, Ethics, and Opportunity Cost! .................................... 397
Lungile Binza and Adheesh Budree

## Pushing Boundaries - New and Innovative Philosophical, Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Researching ICT4D

Understanding Evolution and Progress Towards Academic Maturity - A Review of Ten Years of ICT4D Research.................................... 423
Cecilia Strand and Mathias Hatakka

What is ‘Smart’ About Smart Village? Emerging Discourses and Future Research Directions................................................................. 440
Pragyan Thapa and Devinder Thapa

Digital Public Goods for Development: A Conspectus and Research Agenda ................................................................. 455
Brian Nicholson, Petter Nielsen, Johan Ivar Sæbø, and Ana Paula Tavares
Investigating Mid-level IT Affordances as Drivers for Societal Change: Addressing the Education Data Challenge in The Gambia Bjørnar Valbø and Terje Aksel Sanner 471

Connecting the Unconnected in the Global South: Bridging the Digital Divide from a Critical Perspective Ana Paula dos Santos Tavares, Sundeep Sahay, Luiz Antonio Joia, and Marcelo Fornazin 490

Data Use as Liberation: A Case from an Education Management Information System in Uganda Monica Grace Amuha and Silvia Masiero 504

Competing Logics in an ICT4D Partnership: Case Evidence from Indonesia Aprisa Chrysantina, Brian Nicholson, and Johan Ivar Sæbø 515

Reimagining Digital Technology for the “New Normal”: A Feminist Approach to Freedom and Social Inclusion

Leaving No-One Behind? A Research Agenda for Queer Issues in ICT4D Katherine Wyers 533

Digital Rights and Activism

Digital Communication to Tackle Invisibility: A Project to Enhance Communication Capacities of Transmale Organizations in Peru and Central America Juan Bossio and Illari Diez 555

WhatsApp Affordances Through an Intersectional Lens: Constructing and Rehearsing Citizenship in Western Kenya Anna Colom 566

ICT in Displacement and Conflict Zones: Ideas, Disconnects, and Innovations

Evaluating Mobility and Access of Disabled Refugees in Rohingya Camps in COX'S Bazar Suzana Brown, Faheem Hussain, Emily Hacker, Maurice Bess, and Achilles Vairis 583
Investigating Mid-level IT Affordances as Drivers for Societal Change: Addressing the Education Data Challenge in The Gambia Bjørnar Valbø and Terje Aksel Sanner 471

Connecting the Unconnected in the Global South: Bridging the Digital Divide from a Critical Perspective. Ana Paula dos Santos Tavares, Sundeep Sahay, Luiz Antonio Joia, and Marcelo Fornazin 490

Data Use as Liberation: A Case from an Education Management Information System in Uganda. Monica Grace Amuha and Silvia Masiero 504

Competing Logics in an ICT4D Partnership: Case Evidence from Indonesia. Aprisa Chrysantina, Brian Nicholson, and Johan Ivar Sæbø 515

## Reimagining Digital Technology for the “New Normal”: A Feminist Approach to Freedom and Social Inclusion

Leaving No-One Behind? A Research Agenda for Queer Issues in ICT4D. Katherine Wyers 533

## Digital Rights and Activism

Digital Communication to Tackle Invisibility: A Project to Enhance Communication Capacities of Transmale Organizations in Peru and Central America. Juan Bossio and Illari Diez 555

WhatsApp Affordances Through an Intersectional Lens: Constructing and Rehearsing Citizenship in Western Kenya. Anna Colom 566

## ICT in Displacement and Conflict Zones: Ideas, Disconnects, and Innovations

Evaluating Mobility and Access of Disabled Refugees in Rohingya Camps in COX'S Bazar. Suzana Brown, Faheem Hussain, Emily Hacker, Maurice Bess, and Achilles Vairis 583
Research in Progress

The *Observatorio Metropolitano de Agua para Lima-Callao:*
A Digital Platform for Water and Data Justice
Fenna Imara Hoefsloot, Andrea Jiménez, Liliana Miranda Sara, Lucio Estacio Flores, Javier Martinez, and Karin Pfeffer
595

Data Collection in the Global South and Other Resource-Constrained Environments: Practical, Methodological and Ethical Challenges
Suzana Brown, Deepak Saxena, P. J. Wall, Cathy Roche, Faheem Hussain, and Dave Lewis
608

Seeking for a Framework to Advance Fintech-Mediated Digital Financial Inclusion for Brazilian Small Business Companies
Rogerio de Castro Melo, Elaine Tavares, and Eduardo H. Diniz
619

**Author Index**
629
Research in Progress

The Observatorio Metropolitano de Agua para Lima-Callao:
A Digital Platform for Water and Data Justice
Fenna Imara Hoefsloot, Andrea Jiménez, Liliana Miranda Sara, Lucio Estacio Flores, Javier Martinez, and Karin Pfeffer
595

Data Collection in the Global South and Other Resource-Constrained Environments: Practical, Methodological and Ethical Challenges
Suzana Brown, Deepak Saxena, P. J. Wall, Cathy Roche, Faheem Hussain, and Dave Lewis
608

Seeking for a Framework to Advance Fintech-Mediated Digital Financial Inclusion for Brazilian Small Business Companies
Rogerio de Castro Melo, Elaine Tavares, and Eduardo H. Diniz
619

Author Index
629