# Virutal Training for Inexperiences Nursing Students in the Operating Room: Reducing Stress while Enhancing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

Inas Redjem, Arnaud Huaulmé, Jérôme Chapoul, Mathieu Risy, Florian

Nouviale, Alexandre Audinot, Valérie Gouranton, Estelle Michinov, Pierre

Jannin

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

## To cite this version:

Inas Redjem, Arnaud Huaulmé, Jérôme Chapoul, Mathieu Risy, Florian Nouviale, et al. Virutal Training for Inexperiences Nursing Students in the Operating Room: Reducing Stress while Enhancing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy. SoFraSimS, Jun 2024, Brest, France. hal-04616198

HAL Id: hal-04616198

https://hal.science/hal-04616198

Submitted on 18 Jun 2024

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# Virtual Training for Inexperienced Nursing Students in the Operating Room: Reducing Stress while Enhancing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

Inas Redjem, Arnaud Huaulmé, Jérôme Chapoul, Mathieu Risy, Florian

Nouviale, Alexandre Audinot, Valérie Gouranton, Estelle Michinov, Pierre

Jannin

► To cite this version:

Inas Redjem, Arnaud Huaulmé, Jérôme Chapoul, Mathieu Risy, Florian Nouviale, et al. Virtual Training for Inexperienced Nursing Students in the Operating Room: Reducing Stress while Enhancing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy. European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Oct 2024, Paris, France. 2024. [hal-04616198](https://hal.science/hal-04616198v1)

HAL Id: hal-04616198

https://hal.science/hal-04616198v1

Submitted on 18 Jun 2024

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Virtual Training for Inexperienced Nursing Students in the Operating Room: Reducing Stress while enhancing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

Inas Redjem a, b, Arnaud Huaulmé b, Jérôme Chapoul b, Mathieu Risy c, Florian Nouviale c, Alexandre Audinot c,
Valérie Gouranton c, Estelle Michinov a, Pierre Jannin b

a LP3C, Université Rennes 2

b LTSI-Inserm, Université de Rennes

c INSA Rennes, IRISA, Université de Rennes

The operating room (OR) is a demanding and high-pressure environment, yet, students often have limited exposure during their training, leaving them ill-prepared for clinical practice¹. This study aims to use immersive virtual reality (iVR) to introduce nursing students to the OR environment in a controlled and immersive way, exploring its impact on anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, and knowledge acquisition through an experimental design with pre-post measures.

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

## METHOD

### Pedagogical material

We have developed an iVR training tool allowing students to immerse themselves in the OR; navigate through and interact with the environment; obtain detailed information about aseptic areas, medical staff, and OR equipment.

### Two conditions

Participants either explored the OR environment using a **slideshow** (n = 16) or through **iVR** (n = 24).

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. Slideshow (left) and iVR (right) OR experience</figcaption></figure>

## RESULTS

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

The iVR group reported a significantly **higher level of presence** (immersion), an **increase in anxiety** levels from pre- to post-intervention, and a **reduction in stress** levels post-intervention.

## REFERENCES

1 Kayla N. Laraia, et al. 2024. Analysis of Operating Room Personnel Perspectives to Enhance Medical Student Readiness for Surgery. *Journal of Surgical Education* 81, 1, 70-75.
2 Martin Usoh, Ernest Catena, Arman Sima, and Mel Slater. 2000. Using Presence Questionnaires in Reality. *Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments* 9, 5, 497-503.
3 Theresa M. Marteau and Hillary Bekker. 1992. The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). *British Journal of Clinical Psychology* 31, 3, 301-306.

## Participants

40 second year nursing students **without prior OR experience** were recruited (M age = 23; SD = 6.5). 87% of participants were female, 32% had previously used VR and 60% were not familiar with video games.

## Measures

* **Presence** (Slater-Usoh-Steed Questionnaire)²

* **Anxiety** (STAI 6 items)³

* **Stress** (visual analog scale)

* **Self-efficacy** (9-items visual analog scale)

e.g. 'I feel confident recognizing some of the instruments used by the surgeon during knee surgery'

* **Knowledge** about OR equipment, medical staff and aseptic areas (9-items quiz)

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

The iVR OR experience was **more effective in enhancing self-efficacy**. Both slideshows and iVR equally **enhanced knowledge** without any significant difference between groups.

## CONCLUSION

Implementing an iVR initial OR visit offers a practical and immersive solution to address the challenges associated with limited exposure to the OR. By reducing stress while enhancing self-efficacy and knowledge, this innovative approach has the potential to enhance healthcare education and ultimately contribute to improved patient care.
# Virtual Training for Inexperienced Nursing Students in the Operating Room: Reducing Stress while enhancing Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

Inas Redjem a, b, Arnaud Huaulmé b, Jérôme Chapoul b, Mathieu Risy c, Florian Nouviale c, Alexandre Audinot c,
Valérie Gouranton c, Estelle Michinov a, Pierre Jannin b

a LP3C, Université Rennes 2

b LTSI-Inserm, Université de Rennes

c INSA Rennes, IRISA, Université de Rennes

The operating room (OR) is a demanding and high-pressure environment, yet, students often have limited exposure during their training, leaving them ill-prepared for clinical practice¹. This study aims to use immersive virtual reality (iVR) to introduce nursing students to the OR environment in a controlled and immersive way, exploring its impact on anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, and knowledge acquisition through an experimental design with pre-post measures.

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

## METHOD

### Pedagogical material

We have developed an iVR training tool allowing students to immerse themselves in the OR; navigate through and interact with the environment; obtain detailed information about aseptic areas, medical staff, and OR equipment.

### Two conditions

Participants either explored the OR environment using a **slideshow** (n = 16) or through **iVR** (n = 24).

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. Slideshow (left) and iVR (right) OR experience</figcaption></figure>

## RESULTS

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

The iVR group reported a significantly **higher level of presence** (immersion), an **increase in anxiety** levels from pre- to post-intervention, and a **reduction in stress** levels post-intervention.

## REFERENCES

1 Kayla N. Laraia, et al. 2024. Analysis of Operating Room Personnel Perspectives to Enhance Medical Student Readiness for Surgery. *Journal of Surgical Education* 81, 1, 70-75.
2 Martin Usoh, Ernest Catena, Arman Sima, and Mel Slater. 2000. Using Presence Questionnaires in Reality. *Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments* 9, 5, 497-503.
3 Theresa M. Marteau and Hillary Bekker. 1992. The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). *British Journal of Clinical Psychology* 31, 3, 301-306.

## Participants

40 second year nursing students **without prior OR experience** were recruited (M age = 23; SD = 6.5). 87% of participants were female, 32% had previously used VR and 60% were not familiar with video games.

## Measures

* **Presence** (Slater-Usoh-Steed Questionnaire)²

* **Anxiety** (STAI 6 items)³

* **Stress** (visual analog scale)

* **Self-efficacy** (9-items visual analog scale)

e.g. 'I feel confident recognizing some of the instruments used by the surgeon during knee surgery'

* **Knowledge** about OR equipment, medical staff and aseptic areas (9-items quiz)

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

The iVR OR experience was **more effective in enhancing self-efficacy**. Both slideshows and iVR equally **enhanced knowledge** without any significant difference between groups.

## CONCLUSION

Implementing an iVR initial OR visit offers a practical and immersive solution to address the challenges associated with limited exposure to the OR. By reducing stress while enhancing self-efficacy and knowledge, this innovative approach has the potential to enhance healthcare education and ultimately contribute to improved patient care.