by the Association for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.

## DATA AVAILABILITY

The *Chandra*, *Swift*, *HST*, *Gemini*, *WISE*, *VLT*, and ATCA data sets used for this work are all available for download from their respective public archives.

## REFERENCES

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Feng H., Soria R., 2011, New Astron. Rev., 55, 166

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Gladstone J. C., Copperwheat C., Heinke C. O., Roberts T. P., Cartwright T. F., Levan A. J., Goad M. R., 2013, ApJS, 206, 14

Grisé F., Kaaret P., Feng H., Kajava J. J. E., Farrell S. A., 2010, ApJ, 724, L148

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Inoue S., Yoshida N., 2018, MNRAS, 474, 3466

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Jiang Y.-F., Stone J. M., Davis S. W., 2014, ApJ, 796, 106

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Kaaret P., Feng H., Wong D. S., Tao L., 2010, ApJ, 714, L167

Kaaret P., Feng H., Roberts T. P., 2017, ARA&A, 55, 303

Kawashima T., Ohsuga K., Mineshige S., Yoshida T., Heinzeller D., Matsumoto R., 2012, ApJ, 752, 18

Kehrig C., Vílchez J. M., Pérez-Montero E., Iglesias-Páramo J., Brinchmann J., Kunth D., Durret F., Bayo F. M., 2015, ApJ, 801, L28

Kehrig C., Guerrero M. A., Vílchez J. M., Ramos-Larios G., 2021, ApJ, 908, L54

Kennicutt R. C. J. et al., 2009, ApJ, 703, 1672

King A. R., Pounds K. A., 2003, MNRAS, 345, 657

King A., Pounds K., 2015, ARA&A, 53, 115

King A., Lasota J.-P., Middleton M., 2023, New Astron. Rev., 96, 101672

Kitaki T., Mineshige S., Ohsuga K., Kawashima T., 2021, PASP, 73, 450

Knevitt G., Wynn G. A., Power C., Bolton J. S., 2014, MNRAS, 445, 2034

Kosec P., Pinto C., Fabian A. C., Walton D. J., 2018, MNRAS, 473, 5680

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Kubota A., Tanaka Y., Makishima K., Ueda Y., Dotani T., Inoue H., Yamaoka K., 1998, PASJ, 50, 667

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Larson K. L. et al., 2020, ApJ, 888, 92

Leahy D. A., Merrick F., Filipović M., 2022, Universe, 8, 653

Lehmann I. et al., 2005, A&A, 431, 847

Leitherer C. et al., 1999, ApJS, 123, 3

Leitherer C., Ekström S., Meynet G., Schaerer D., Agienko K. B., Levesque E. M., 2014, ApJS, 212, 14

Lemons S. M., Reines A. E., Plotkin R. M., Gallo E., Greene J. E., 2015, ApJ, 805, 12

Luo B. et al., 2017, ApJS, 228, 2

Madau P., Fragos T., 2017, ApJ, 840, 39

Massey P., Olsen K. A. G., Parker J. W., 2003, PASP, 115, 1265

Merloni A. et al., 2024, A&A, 682, A34

Middleton M. J., Heil L., Pintore F., Walton D. J., Roberts T. P., 2015a, MNRAS, 447, 3243

Middleton M. J., Walton D. J., Fabian A., Roberts T. P., Heil L., Pinto C., Anderson G., Sutton A., 2015b, MNRAS, 454, 3134

Mirabel I. F., Dijkstra M., Laurent P., Loeb A., Pritchard J. R., 2011, A&A, 528, A149

Moon D.-S., Harrison F. A., Cenko S. B., Shariff J. A., 2011, ApJ, 731, L32

Motch C., Pakull M. W., Soria R., Grisé F., Pietrzyński G., 2014, Nature, 514, 198
by the Association for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.

## DATA AVAILABILITY

The *Chandra*, *Swift*, *HST*, *Gemini*, *WISE*, *VLT*, and ATCA data sets used for this work are all available for download from their respective public archives.

## REFERENCES

* Abbott T. M. C. et al., 2021, ApJS, 255, 20

* Abolmasov P., Fabrika S., Sholukhova O., Kotani T., 2008, preprint (arXiv:0809.0409)

* Allen M. G., Groves B. A., Dopita M. A., Sutherland R. S., Kewley L. J., 2008, ApJS, 178, 20

* Arnaud K. A., 1996, in Jacoby G. H., Barnes J., eds, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 101, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems V. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 17

* Barra F., Pinto C., Middleton M., Di Salvo T., Walton D. J., Gúrpide A., Roberts T. P., 2024, A&A, 682, 94

* Belczynski K., Taam R. E., 2008, ApJ, 685, 400

* Berezhko E. G., Völk H. J., 2004, A&A, 427, 525

* Bernadich M. C. I., Schwope A. D., Kovlakas K., Zezas A., Traulsen I., 2022, A&A, 659, A188

* Blackburn J. K., 1995, in Shaw R. A., Payne H. E., Hayes J. J. E., eds, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 77, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems IV. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 367

* Bressan A., Marigo P., Girardi L., Salasnich B., Dal Cero C., Rubele S., Nanni A., 2012, MNRAS, 427, 127

* Briggs D. S., 1995, PhD thesis, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

* **CASA Team** et al., 2022, PASP, 134, 114501

* **Caballero-García M. D.**, Belloni T. M., Wolter A., 2013, MNRAS, 435, 2665

* **Caplan J.**, Deharveng L., 1986, A&A, 155, 297

* **Cappelluti N. et al.**, 2009, A&A, 497, 635

* **Cash W.**, 1979, ApJ, 228, 939

* **Cava A.**, Schaerer D., Richard J., Pérez-González P. G., Dessauges-Zavadsky M., Mayer L., Tamburello V., 2018, Nat. Astron., 2, 76

* **Chomiuk L.**, Wilcots E. M., 2009, ApJ, 703, 370

* **Cluver M. E.**, Jarrett T. H., Dale D. A., Smith J. D. T., August T., Brown M. J. I., 2017, ApJ, 850, 68

* **Crowther P. A.**, Hadfield L. J., 2006, A&A, 449, 711

* **Cseh D. et al.**, 2012, ApJ, 749, 17

* **Cutri R. M.** et al., 2021, VizieR Online Data Catalog, II/328

* **Dekel A.**, Sari R., Ceverino D., 2009, ApJ, 703, 785

* **Dickinson H. et al.**, 2022, MNRAS, 517, 5882

* **Dotan C.**, Shaviv N. J., 2011, MNRAS, 413, 1623

* **Douna V. M.**, Pellizza L. J., Laurent P., Mirabel I. F., 2018, MNRAS, 474, 3488

* **Earnshaw H. P.** et al., 2019, ApJ, 881, 38

* **Elmegreen D. M.**, Elmegreen B. G., Ravindranath S., Coe D. A., 2007, ApJ, 658, 763

* **Evans P. A.** et al., 2020, ApJS, 247, 54

* **Feng H.**, Soria R., 2011, New Astron. Rev., 55, 166

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This paper has been typeset from a TeX/LA TeX file prepared by the author.
Narayan R., Saïdowski A., Soria R., 2017, MNRAS, 469, 2997

Nasa High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (Heasarc),
2014, HEAsoft: Unified Release of FTOOLS and XANADU, Astro-
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Parker M. L. et al., 2017, Nature, 543, 83

Pinto C., Kosec P., 2023, Astron. Nachr., 344, e20220134

Pinto C., Walton D. J., 2023, preprint (arXiv:2302.00006)

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Rickards Vaught R. J., Sandstrom K. M., Hunt L. K., 2021, ApJ, 911, L17

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Ryder S. D. et al., 2018, ApJ, 856, 83

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Sardone A., Pisano D. J., Pingel N. M., Sorgho A., Carignan C., de Blok W. J. G., 2021, ApJ, 910, 69

Schneider F. R. N., Podsiadlowski P., Müller B., 2021, A&A, 645, A5

Sorgho A. et al., 2019, MNRAS, 482, 1248

Soria R., Kuncic Z., Broderick J. W., Ryder S. D., 2006, MNRAS, 370, 1666

Soria R., Pakull M. W., Broderick J. W., Corbel S., Motch C., 2010, MNRAS,
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Soria R., Pakull M. W., Motch C., Miller-Jones J. C. A., Schwope A. D., Urquhart R. T., Ryan M. S., 2021, MNRAS, 501, 1644

Steiner J. F., Narayan R., McClintock J. E., Ebisawa K., 2009, PASP, 121,
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