Fielding, M. D., Chiu, J. C., Hogan, R. J., & Feingold, G. (2014). A novel ensemble method for retrieving properties of warm cloud in 3-D using ground-based scanning radar and zenith radiances. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, 119, 10,912–10,930.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021742

Fielding, M. D., Chiu, J. C., Hogan, R. J., Feingold, G., Eloranta, E., O’Connor, E. J., & Cadeddu, M. P. (2015). Joint retrievals of cloud and drizzle in marine boundary layer clouds using ground-based radar, lidar and zenith radiances. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, 8, 2663–2683.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2663-2015

Fountoukis, C., & Nenes, A. (2005). Continued development of a cloud droplet formation parameterization for global climate models. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 110, D11212. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005591

Fountoukis, C., Nenes, A., Meskhidze, N., Bahreini, R., Conant, W. C., Jonsson, H., et al. (2007). Aerosol-cloud drop concentration closure for clouds sampled during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 112, D10S30. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007272

Freud, E., & Rosenfeld, D. (2012). Linear relation between convective cloud drop number concentration and depth for rain initiation. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 117, D02207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016457

Freud, E., Rosenfeld, D., & Kulkarni, J. (2011). Resolving both entrainment-mixing and number of activated CCN in deep convective clouds. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 11(24), 12,887–12,900. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12887-2011

Frisch, A. S., Feingold, G., Fairall, C. W., Uttal, T., & Snider, J. B. (1998). On cloud radar and microwave radiometer measurements of stratus cloud liquid water profiles. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 103, 23,195–23,197. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01827

Frisch, A. S., Martner, B. E., Djalalova, I., & Poellot, M. R. (2000). Comparison of radar/radiometer retrievals of stratus cloud liquid-water content profiles with in situ measurements by aircraft. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 105, 15,361–15,364.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900128

Frisch, A. S., Shupe, M., Djalalova, I., Feingold, G., & Poellot, M. (2002). The retrieval of stratus cloud droplet effective radius with cloud radars. *Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology*, 19, 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0835:TROSCD>2.0.CO;2

George, R. C., & Wood, R. (2010). Subseasonal variability of low cloud radiative properties over the southeast Pacific Ocean. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 10, 4047–4063. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4047-2010

George, R. C., Wood, R., Bretherton, C. S., & Painter, G. (2013). Development and impact of hooks of high droplet concentration on remote southeast Pacific stratocumulus. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 13(13), 6305–6328. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6305-2013

Gerber, H. E., Frick, G. M., Jensen, J. B., & Hudson, J. G. (2008). Entrainment, mixing, and microphysics in trade-wind cumulus. *Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Ser. II*, 86, 87–106.

Ghan, S., Wang, M., Zhang, S., Ferrachat, S., Gettelman, A., Griesfeller, J., et al. (2016). Challenges in constraining anthropogenic aerosol effects on cloud radiative forcing using present-day spatiotemporal variability. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, 113, 5804–5811. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514036113

Ghan, S. J., Abdul-Razzak, H., Nenes, A., Ming, Y., Liu, X., Ovchinnikov, M., et al. (2011). Droplet nucleation: Physically-based parameterizations and comparative evaluation. *Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems*, 3, M10001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011MS000074

Goloub, P., Herman, M., Chepfer, H., Riedi, J., Brogniez, G., Couvert, P., & Sèze, G. (2000). Cloud thermodynamical phase classification from the POLDER spaceborne instrument. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 105, 14,747–14,759. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD091183

Greenwald, T. J., Christopher, S. A., & Chou, J. (1997). Cloud liquid water path comparisons from passive microwave and solar reflectance satellite measurements: Assessment of sub-field-of-view cloud effects in microwave retrievals. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 102, 19,585–19,596. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01257

Grosvenor, D. P., Field, P. R., Hill, A. A., & Shipway, B. J. (2017). The relative importance of macrophysical and cloud albedo changes for aerosol-induced radiative effects in closed-cell stratocumulus: Insight from the modelling of a case study. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 17(8), 5155–5183. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5155-2017

Grosvenor, D. P., Sourdeval, O., & Wood, R. (2018). Quantifying and correcting the effect of vertical penetration assumptions on droplet concentration retrievals from passive satellite instruments. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions*, 2018, 1–21.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-477

Grosvenor, D. P., & Wood, R. (2014). The effect of solar zenith angle on MODIS cloud optical and microphysical retrievals within marine liquid water clouds. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 14, 7291–7321. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7291-2014

Grosvenor, D. P., & Wood, R. (2018). Daily MODIS (MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer) derived cloud droplet number concentration global dataset for 2003-2015. Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, 4th June, 2018. http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/cf97ccc802d348ec8a3b6f2995dfbbff

Gryspeerdt, E., Quaas, J., & Bellouin, N. (2016). Constraining the aerosol influence on cloud fraction. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, 121, 3566–3583. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023744

Gryspeerdt, E., Quaas, J., Ferrachat, S., Gettelman, A., Ghan, S., Lohmann, U., et al. (2017). Constraining the instantaneous aerosol influence on cloud albedo. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, 119, 4899–4904.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617765114

Han, Q., Rossow, W., Chou, J., & Welch, R. (1998). Global variations of column droplet concentration in low-level clouds. *Geophysical Research Letters*, 25, 1419–1422. https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01095

Hansen, J., & Travis, L. (1974). Light scattering in planetary atmospheres. *Space Science Reviews*, 16(4), 527–610.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168069

Hayes, C. R., Coakley, J. A., & Tahnk, W. R. (2010). Relationships among properties of marine stratocumulus derived from collocated CALIPSO and MODIS observations. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 115, D00H17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012046

Haywood, J. M., Osborne, S. R., & Abel, S. J. (2004). The effect of overlying absorbing aerosol layers on remote sensing retrievals of cloud effective radius and cloud optical depth. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society*, 130, 779–800.
https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.03.100

Heidinger, A. K., & Pavolonis, M. J. (2005). Global daytime distribution of overlapping cirrus cloud from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. *Journal of Climate*, 18, 4772–4784. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3535.1

Heyn, I., Block, K., Mülmenstädt, J., Gryspeerdt, E., Kühne, P., Salzmann, M., & Quaas, J. (2017). Assessment of simulated aerosol effective radiative forcings in the terrestrial spectrum. *Geophysical Research Letters*, 44, 1001–1007. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071975

Hilburn, K. A., & Wentz, F. J. (2008). Intercalibrated passive microwave rain products from the unified microwave ocean retrieval algorithm (UMORA). *Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology*, 47(3), 778–794. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1635.1

Hoose, C., Kristjánsson, J. E., Iversen, V., Kirkevåg, Ø. S. A., & Gettelman, A. (2009). Constraining cloud droplet number concentration in GCMs suppresses the aerosol indirect effect. *Geophysical Research Letters*, 36, L12807. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038568
Horváth, Á. (2004). Anisotropy of water cloud reflectance: A comparison of measurements and 1D theory. *Geophysical Research Letters*, **31**, L01102. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018386

Hu, Y., Vaughan, M., McClain, C., Behrenfeld, M., Maring, H., Anderson, D., et al. (2007). Global statistics of liquid water content and effective number concentration of water clouds over ocean derived from combined CALIPSO and MODIS measurements. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **7**(12), 3353–3359. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3353-2007

Hubanks, P. A., Platnick, S., King, M. D., & Ridgway, B. (2016). MODIS atmosphere L3 gridded product algorithm theoretical basis document (atbd) & users guide, collection 006, version 4.2., 122.

Illingworth, A. J., Hogan, R. J., O'Connor, E. J., Bouniol, D., Brooks, M. E., Delanoë, J., et al. (2007). Cloudnet. *Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society*, **88**, 883. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-6-883

Ishizaka, Y., Kurahashi, Y., & Tsuruta, H. (1995). Microphysical properties of winter stratiform clouds over the southwest island area in Japan. *Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan*, **73**, 1137–1151. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.73.6_1137

Janssen, R. H. H., Ganzeveld, L. N., Kabat, P., Kulmala, M., Nieminen, T., & Roebeling, R. A. (2011). Estimating seasonal variations in cloud droplet number concentration over the boreal forest from satellite observations. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **11**, 7701–7713. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7701-2011

Jiang, H., Feingold, G., Jonsson, H. H., Lu, M.-L., Chuang, P. Y., Flagan, R. C., & Seinfeld, J. H. (2008). Statistical comparison of properties of simulated and observed cumulus clouds in the vicinity of Houston during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **113**, D13205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009304

Joiner, J., Vasilkov, A. P., Bhartia, P. K., Wind, G., Platnick, S., & Menzel, W. P. (2010). Detection of multi-layer and vertically-extended clouds using A-train sensors. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, **3**(1), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-233-2010

Kato, S., & Marshak, A. (2009). Solar zenith and viewing geometry-dependent errors in satellite retrieved cloud optical thickness: Marine stratocumulus case. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **114**, D01202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010579

Khain, A., Ovtchinnikov, M., Pinsky, M., Pokrovsky, A., & Krugliak, H. (2000). Notes on the state-of-the-art numerical modeling of cloud microphysics. *Atmospheric Research*, **55**(3–4), 159–224.

Kim, B. G., Miller, M. A., Schwartz, S. E., Liu, Y. G., & Min, Q. L. (2008). The role of adiabaticity in the aerosol first indirect effect. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **113**, D05210. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008961

King, M. D., Platnick, S., Yang, P., Arnold, G. T., Gray, M. A., Riedi, J. C., et al. (2004). Remote sensing of liquid water and ice cloud optical thickness and effective radius in the arctic: Application of airborne multispectral MAS data. *Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology*, **21**(6), 857–875. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0857:rsolwa>2.0.co;2

King, M. D., Tsay, S. C., Platnick, S., Wang, M., & Liou, K. N. (1998). Cloud retrieval algorithms for MODIS: Optical thickness, effective particle radius, and thermodynamic phase. In *Algorithm Theor. Basis Doc. ATBD-MOD-05*. Greenbelt, Md: Goddard Space Flight Center.

King, N. J., Bower, K. N., Crosier, J., & Crawford, I. (2013). Evaluating MODIS cloud retrievals with in situ observations from VOCALS-REx. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **13**(1), 191–209. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-191-2013

Klein, S. A., & Hartmann, D. L. (1993). The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. *Journal of Climate*, **6**(8), 1587–1606. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1587:tscols>2.0.co;2

Klein, S. A., McCoy, R. B., Morrison, H., Ackerman, A. S., Avramov, A., de Boer, G., et al. (2009). Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. I: Single-layer cloud. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society*, **135**, 979–1002. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.416

Knist, C. L. (2014). Retrieval of liquid water cloud properties from ground-based remote sensing observations (PhD thesis). TU Delft, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft, the Netherlands.

Krasnov, O. A., & Russchenberg, H. W. J. (2006). A synergetic radar-lidar technique for the LWC retrieval in water clouds: Description and application to the Cloudnet data. In *Seventh International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling: Needs and Techniques*. Boulder, CO.

Leahy, L. V., Wood, R., Charlson, R. J., Hostetler, C. A., Rogers, R. R., Vaughan, M. A., & Winker, D. M. (2012). On the nature and extent of optically thin marine low clouds. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **117**, D22201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017929

Lebsock, M., & Su, H. (2014). Application of active spaceborne remote sensing for understanding biases between passive cloud water path retrievals. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, **119**, 8962–8979. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021568

Liang, L., Di Girolamo, L., & Platnick, S. (2009). View-angle consistency in reflectance, optical thickness and spherical albedo of marine water-clouds over the northeastern Pacific through MISR-MODIS fusion. *Geophysical Research Letters*, **36**, L09811. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037124

Liang, L., & Girolamo, L. D. (2013). A global analysis on the view-angle dependence of plane-parallel oceanic liquid water cloud optical thickness using data synergy from MISR and MODIS. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, **118**, 2389–2403. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018201

Liang, L., Girolamo, L. D., & Sun, W. (2015). Bias in MODIS cloud drop effective radius for oceanic water clouds as deduced from optical thickness variability across scattering angles. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, **120**, 7661–7681. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023256

Liu, Y., & Daum, P. H. (2002). Indirect warming effect from dispersion forcing. *Nature*, **419**, 580–581. https://doi.org/10.1038/419580a

Liu, Y., Daum, P. H., Guo, H., & Peng, Y. (2008). Dispersion bias, dispersion effect, and the aerosol–cloud conundrum. *Environmental Research Letters*, **3**(4), 045021.

Loeb, N., Varnai, T., & Davies, R. (1997). Effect of cloud inhomogeneities on the solar zenith angle dependence of nadir reflectance. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **102**(D8), 9387–9395. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03719

Lohmann, U., & Feichter, J. (2005). Global indirect aerosol effects: A review. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **5**, 715–737. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005

Lu, M.-L., & Seinfeld, J. H. (2006). Effect of aerosol number concentration on cloud droplet dispersion: A large-eddy simulation study and implications for aerosol indirect forcing. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **111**, D02207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006419

Luan, Y., & Jaeglé, L. (2013). Composite study of aerosol export events from East Asia and North America. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **13**, 1221–1242. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1221-2013

Mace, G. G., Avey, S., Cooper, S., Lebsock, M., Tanelli, S., & Dobrowalski, G. (2016). Retrieving co-occurring cloud and precipitation properties of warm marine boundary layer clouds with A-Train data. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, **121**, 4008–4033. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023681

Mace, G. G., & Sassen, K. (2000). A constrained algorithm for retrieval of stratocumulus cloud properties using solar radiation, microwave radiometer, and millimeter cloud radar data. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **105**(D23), 29,099–29,108. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD090043

Maddux, B. C., Ackerman, S. A., & Platnick, S. (2010). Viewing geometry dependencies in MODIS cloud products. *Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology*, **27**(9), 1519–1528.
Marbach, T., Phillips, P., Lacan, A., & Schlüssel, P. (2013). The multi-viewing, -channel, -polarisation imager (3MI) of the EUMETSAT polar system—Second generation (EPS-SG) dedicated to aerosol characterisation, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVII. In R. Meynart, S. P. Neeck, & H. Shimoda (Eds.), *Proceedings of the SPIE*. Vol. 8889, id. 888901. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028221

Marchant, B., Platnick, S., Meyer, K., Arnold, G. T., & Riedi, J. (2016). MODIS collection 6 shortwave-derived cloud phase classification algorithm and comparisons with CALIOP. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, 9(4), 1587–1599. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1587-2016

Marshak, A., Platnick, S., Várnai, T., Wen, G., & Cahalan, R. F. (2006). Impact of three-dimensional radiative effects on satellite retrievals of cloud droplet sizes. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 111, D09207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006686

Martin, G. M., Johnson, D. W., & Spice, A. (1994). The measurement and parameterization of effective radius of droplets in warm stratocumulus clouds. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 51, 1823–1842. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1823:TMAPOE>2.0.CO;2

Martins, V. (2016). Retrieved from https://userpages.umbc.edu/~martins/laco/harp.htm

Martucci, G., & O'Dowd, C. D. (2011). Ground-based retrieval of continental and marine warm cloud microphysics. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, 4(12), 2749–2765. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2749-2011

McCoy, D. T., Bender, F. A.-M., Grosvenor, D. P., Mohrmann, J. K., Hartmann, D. L., Wood, R., & Field, P. R. (2017). Predicting decadal trends in cloud droplet number concentration using reanalysis and satellite data. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions*, 14, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-811

McCoy, D. T., Bender, F. A.-M., Grosvenor, D. P., Mohrmann, J. K., Hartmann, D. L., Wood, R., & Field, P. R. (2018). Predicting decadal trends in cloud droplet number concentration using reanalysis and satellite data. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 18(3), 2035–2047. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2035-2018

McCoy, D. T., Hartmann, D. L., & Grosvenor, D. P. (2014). Observed Southern Ocean cloud properties and shortwave reflection. Part I: Calculation of SW flux from observed cloud properties. *Journal of Climate*, 27, 8836–8857. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00287.1

Merk, D., Deneke, H., Pospichal, B., & Seifert, P. (2016). Investigation of the adiabatic assumption for estimating cloud micro- and macrophysical properties from satellite and ground observations. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 16, 933–952. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-933-2016

Meyer, K., Platnick, S., Oreopoulos, L., & Lee, D. (2013). Estimating the direct radiative effect of absorbing aerosols overlying marine boundary layer clouds in the southeast Atlantic using MODIS and CALIOP. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, 118, 4801–4815. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50449

Miles, N., Verlinde, J., & Clothiaux, E. (2000). Cloud droplet size distributions in low-level stratiform clouds. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 57, 295–311. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0295:CDSDIL>2.0.CO;2

Milinevsky, G., Yatskiv, Y., Degtyaryov, O., Syniavskyi, I., Mishchenko, M., Rosenbush, V., et al. (2016). New satellite project Aerosol-UA: Remote sensing of aerosols in the terrestrial atmosphere. *Acta Astronautica*, 123, 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.02.027

Miller, D. J., Zhang, Z., Platnick, S., Ackerman, A. S., Werner, F., Cornet, C., & Knobelspiesse, K. (2017). Comparisons of bispectral and polarimetric cloud microphysical retrievals using LES-Satellite retrieval simulator. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions*, 2017, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-325

Min, Q., Joseph, E., Lin, Y., Min, L., Yin, B., Daum, P. H., et al. (2012). Comparison of MODIS cloud microphysical properties with in-situ measurements over the Southeast Pacific. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, 12, 11,261–11,273. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11261-2012

Minnis, P., Sun-Mack, S., Trepte, Q. Z., Chang, F.-L., Heck, P. W., Chen, Y., et al. (2010). CERES Edition 3 cloud retrievals. In *AMS 13th Conference of the Atmospheric Radiation*. Portland, OR.

Minnis, P., Sun-Mack, S., Young, D. F., Heck, P. W., Garber, D. P., Chen, Y., et al. (2011). CERES Edition-2 cloud property retrievals using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS data. Part I: Algorithms. *IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing*, 49, 4374–4400. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2144601

Morrison, H., & Grabowski, W. W. (2007). Comparison of bulk and bin warm-rain microphysics models using a kinematic framework. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 64(8), 2839–2861. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3980

Morrison, H., Zuidema, P., Ackerman, A. S., Avramov, A., de Boer, G., Fan, J., et al. (2011). Intercomparison of cloud model simulations of Arctic mixed-phase boundary layer clouds observed during SHEBA/FIRE-ACE. *Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems*, 3, M06003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011MS000066

Nakajima, T., Higurashi, A., Kawamoto, K., & Penner, J. E. (2001). A possible correlation between satellite-derived cloud and aerosol microphysical parameters. *Geophysical Research Letters*, 28, 1171–1174. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012186

Nakajima, T., & King, M. (1990). Determination of the optical thickness and effective particle radius of clouds from reflected solar radiation measurements. Part I: Theory. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 47, 1878–1893. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<1878:DOTOTA>2.0.CO;2

Nakajima, T., King, M., Spinhirne, J., & Radke, L. (1991). Determination of the optical-thickness and effective particle radius of clouds from reflected solar-radiation measurements. 2. Marine stratocumulus observations. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 48(5), 728–750. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0728:DOTOTA>2.0.CO;2

Nakajima, T. Y., & Nakajima, T. (1995). Wide-area determination of cloud microphysical properties from NOAA AVHRR measurements for FIRE and ASTEX regions. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 52(23), 4043–4059. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<4043:wadocm>2.0.CO;2

Nakajima, T. Y., Suzuki, K., & Stephens, G. L. (2010a). Droplet growth in warm water clouds observed by the a-train. Part I: Sensitivity analysis of the MODIS-derived cloud droplet sizes. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 67(6), 1884–1896. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3280.1

Nakajima, T. Y., Suzuki, K., & Stephens, G. L. (2010b). Droplet growth in warm water clouds observed by the A-Train. Part II: A multisensor view. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 67(6), 1897–1907. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3276.1

Nicholls, S., & Leighton, J. (1986). An observational study of the structure of stratiform cloud sheets: Part I. Structure. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society*, 112, 431–460. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711247209

Oreopoulos, L., Cahalan, R. F., & Platnick, S. (2007). The plane-parallel albedo bias of liquid clouds from MODIS observations. *Journal of Climate*, 20(20), 5114–5125. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4305.1

Oreopoulos, L., & Davies, R. (1998). Plane parallel albedo biases from satellite observations. Part I: Dependence on resolution and other factors. *Journal of Climate*, 11(5), 919–932. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<0919:PPABFS>2.0.CO;2

Oreopoulos, L., Marshak, A., Cahalan, R. F., & Wen, G. (2000). Cloud three-dimensional effects evidenced in landsat spatial power spectra and autocorrelation functions. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 105, 14,777–14,788. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900153
Ovchinnikov, M., Ackerman, A. S., Avramov, A., Cheng, A., Fan, J., Fridlind, A. M., et al. (2014). Intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds: Importance of ice size distribution assumptions. *Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems*, **6**, 223–248.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013MS000282

Painemal, D., Greenwald, T., Cadeddu, M., & Minnis, P. (2016). First extended validation of satellite microwave liquid water path with ship-based observations of marine low clouds. *Geophysical Research Letters*, **43**, 6563–6570. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069061

Painemal, D., & Zuidema, P. (2010). Microphysical variability in southeast Pacific stratocumulus clouds: Synoptic conditions and radiative response. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **10**(13), 6255–6269. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6255-2010

Painemal, D., & Zuidema, P. (2011). Assessment of MODIS cloud effective radius and optical thickness retrievals over the Southeast Pacific with VOCALS-REx in situ measurements. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **116**, D24206. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016155

Pawlowska, H., & Brenguier, J.-L. (2003). Microphysical properties of stratocumulus clouds during ACE-2. *Tellus*, **52B**, 868–887.
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00076.x

Pawlowska, H., Brenguier, J.-L., & Burnet, F. (2000). Microphysical properties of stratocumulus clouds. *Atmospheric Research*, **55**, 15–33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00054-5

Pawlowska, H., Grabowski, W. W., & Brenguier, J.-L. (2006). Observations of the width of cloud droplet spectra in stratocumulus. *Geophysical Research Letters*, **33**, L19810. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026841

Penner, J., Quaas, J., Storelvmo, T., Takemura, T., Boucher, O., Guo, H., et al. (2006). Model intercomparison of indirect aerosol effects. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **6**, 3391–3405. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3391-2006

Platnick, S. (2000). Vertical photon transport in cloud remote sensing problems. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **105**(D18), 22,919–22,935.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900333

Platnick, S., & Twomey, S. (1994). Determining the susceptibility of cloud albedo to changes in droplet concentration with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. *Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology*, **33**, 334–347.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0334:DTSOCA>2.0.CO;2

Platnick, S., King, M., Ackerman, S., Menzel, W., Baum, B., Riedi, J., & Frey, R. (2003). The MODIS cloud products: Algorithms and examples from Terra. *IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing*, **41**(2), 459–473. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.808301

Platnick, S., Li, J. Y., King, M. D., Gerber, H., & Hobbs, P. V. (2001). A solar reflectance method for retrieving the optical thickness and droplet size of liquid water clouds over snow and ice surfaces. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **106**(D14), 15,185–15,199.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900441

Platnick, S., Meyer, K. G., King, M. D., Wind, G., Amarasinghe, N., Marchant, B., et al. (2017). The MODIS cloud optical and microphysical products: Collection 6 updates and examples from Terra and Aqua. *IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing*, **55**, 502–525.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2610522

Platnick, S., & Valero, F. P. J. (1995). A validation of a satellite cloud retrieval during ASTEX. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **52**(16),
2985–3001. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2985:avoasc>2.0.co;2

Platnick, S. E., King, M. D., Amarasinghe, K. M. G. W. N., Marchant, B., Arnold, G. T., Zhang, Z., et al. (2015). MODIS cloud optical properties: User guide for the Collection 6 Level-2 MOD06/MYD06 product and associated Level-3 datasets, Version 1.0, NASA. Retrieved from
https://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/ModAtmo/C6MOD06OPUserGuide.pdf

Politovich, M. K., Stankov, B. B., & Martner, B. E. (1995). Determination of liquid water altitudes using combined remote sensors. *Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology*, **34**, 2060–2075. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2060:DOLWAU>2.0.CO;2

Poulsen, C. A., Siddans, R., Thomas, G. E., Sayer, A. M., Grainger, R. G., Campmany, E., et al. (2012). Cloud retrievals from satellite data using optimal estimation: Evaluation and application to ATSR. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, **5**, 1889–1910.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1889-2012

Quaas, J., Boucher, O., & Lohmann, U. (2006). Constraining the total aerosol indirect effect in the LMDZ and ECHAM4 GCMs using MODIS satellite data. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **6**, 947–955. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-947-2006

Quaas, J., Ming, Y., Menon, S., Takemura, T., Wang, M., Penner, J., et al. (2009). Aerosol indirect effects—General circulation model intercomparison and evaluation with satellite data. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **9**, 8697–8717. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8697-2009

Rausch, J., Meyer, K., Bennartz, R., & Platnick, S. (2017). Differences in liquid cloud droplet effective radius and number concentration estimates between MODIS Collections 5.1 and 6 over global oceans. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, **10**(6), 2105–2116.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2105-2017

Remer, L. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Tanré, D., Mattoo, S., Chu, D. A., Martins, J. V., et al. (2005). The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products, and validation. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **62**(4), 947–973. https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3385.1

Rémillard, J., Kollias, P., & Szyrmer, W. (2013). Radar-radiometer retrievals of cloud number concentration and dispersion parameter in nondrizzling marine stratocumulus. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, **6**, 1817–1828. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1817-2013

Rodgers, C. D. (2000). *Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding: Theory and practice*. Farrer Road, Singapore: World Scientific Pub Co Inc.

Roebeling, R. A., Feijt, A. J., & Stammes, P. (2006). Cloud property retrievals for climate monitoring: Implications of differences between Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on METEOSAT-8 and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA-17. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **111**, D20210. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD06990

Rogers, D. P., & Telford, J. W. (1986). Metastable stratus tops. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society*, **112**, 481–500.
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711247211

Rosenfeld, D., Andreae, M. O., Asmi, A., Chin, M., de Leeuw, G., Donovan, D. P., et al. (2014). Global observations of aerosol-cloud-precipitation-climate interactions. *Reviews of Geophysics*, **52**, 750–808. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000441

Rosenfeld, D., Cattani, E., Melani, S., & Levizzani, V. (2004). Considerations on daylight operation of 1.6- versus 3.7-µm channel on NOAA and METEOP satellites. *Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society*, **85**(6), 873–882. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-6-873

Rosenfeld, D., Fischman, Y. Z. B., Goren, T., & Giguzin, D. (2014). Combined satellite and radar retrievals of drop concentration and CCN at convective cloud base. *Geophysical Research Letters*, **41**, 3259–3265. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059453

Rosenfeld, D., Liu, G., Yu, X., Zhu, Y., Dai, J., Xu, X., & Yue, Z. (2014). High resolution (375 m) cloud microstructure as seen from the NPP/VIIRS satellite imager. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **14**, 2479–2496. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2479-2014a

Rosenfeld, D., & Feingold, G. (2003). Explanation of discrepancies among satellite observations of the aerosol indirect effects. *Geophysical Research Letters*, **30**(14), 1766. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017684

Rosenfeld, D., Zheng, Y., Hashimshoni, E., Pöhlker, M. L., Jefferson, A., Pöhlker, C., et al. (2016). Satellite retrieval of cloud condensation nuclei concentrations by using clouds as CCN chambers. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, **113**(21),
5828–5834. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514044113

Rotstayn, L. D., & Liu, Y. (2003). Sensitivity of the first indirect aerosol effect to an increase of cloud droplet spectral dispersion with droplet number concentration. *Journal of Climate*, **16**(21), 3476–3481. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3476:SOTFIA>2.0.CO;2
Salomonson, V. V., Barnes, W. L., Maymon, P. W., Montgomery, H. E., & Ostrow, H. (1998). MODIS: Advanced facility instrument for studies of the Earth as a system. *IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing*, **27**, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.20292

Sassen, K., Mace, G. G., Wang, Z., & Poellot, M. R. (1999). Continental stratus clouds: A case study using coordinated remote sensing and aircraft measurements. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **56**(14), 2345–2358. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2345:CSCACS>2.0.CO;2

Schmidt, J., Ansmann, A., Bühl, J., Baars, H., Wandinger, U., Müller, D., & Malinka, A. V. (2014). Dual-FOV Raman and Doppler lidar studies of aerosol-cloud interactions: Simultaneous profiling of aerosols, warm-cloud properties, and vertical wind. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres*, **119**, 5512–5527. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020424

Schmidt, J., Ansmann, A., Bühl, J., & Wandinger, U. (2015). Strong aerosol-cloud interaction in altocumulus during updraft periods: Lidar observations over central Europe. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **15**, 10,687–10,700. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10687-2015

Schmidt, J., Wandinger, U., & Malinka, A. (2013). Dual-field-of-view Raman lidar measurements for the retrieval of cloud microphysical properties. *Applied Optics*, **52**, 2235. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.002235

Schüller, L., Bennartz, R., Fischer, J., & Brenguier, J.-L. (2005). An algorithm for the retrieval of droplet number concentration and geometrical thickness of stratiform marine boundary layer clouds applied to MODIS radiometric observations. *Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology*, **44**(1), 28–38.

Schüller, L., Brenguier, J.-L., & Pawlowska, H. (2003). Retrieval of microphysical, geometrical, and radiative properties of marine stratocumulus from remote sensing. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **108**(D15), 8631. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002680

Seethala, C., & Horváth, Á. (2010). Global assessment of AMSR-E and MODIS cloud liquid water path retrievals in warm oceanic clouds. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **115**, D13202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012662

Shang, H., Chen, L., Bréon, F. M., Letu, H., Li, S., Wang, Z., & Su, L. (2015). Impact of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and directional sampling on the retrieval of cloud droplet size by the POLDER instrument. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, **8**(11), 4931–4945. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4931-2015

Siebert, H., Beals, M., Bethke, J., Bierwirth, E., Conrath, T., Dieckmann, K., et al. (2013). The fine-scale structure of the trade wind cumuli over Barbados: An introduction to the CARRIBA project. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **13**(19), 10,061–10,077. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10061-2013

Siebert, H., Lehmann, K., Wendisch, M., Franke, H., Maser, R., Schell, D., et al. (2006). Probing finescale dynamics and microphysics of clouds with helicopter-borne measurements. *Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society*, **87**(12), 1727–1738. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-87-12-1727

Simpson, E., Connolly, P., & McFiggans, G. (2014). An investigation into the performance of four cloud droplet activation parameterisations. *Geoscientific Model Development*, **7**, 1535–1542. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1535-2014

Snider, J. R., Guibert, S., Brenguier, J.-L., & Putaud, J.-P. (2003). Aerosol activation in marine stratocumulus clouds: 2. Köhler and parcel theory closure studies. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **108**(D15), 8629. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002692

Sourdeval, O., Labonnote, L. C., Baran, A. J., & Brogniez, G. (2014). A methodology for simultaneous retrieval of ice and liquid water cloud properties. Part I: Information content and case study. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society*, **141**(688), 870–882. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2405

Sourdeval, O., Labonnote, L. C., Baran, A. J., Mülmenstädt, J., & Brogniez, G. (2016). A methodology for simultaneous retrieval of ice and liquid water cloud properties. Part 2: Near-global retrievals and evaluation against A-Train products. *Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society*, **142**, 3063–3081. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2889

Sourdeval, O., Labonnote, L. C., Brogniez, G., Jourdan, O., Pelon, J., & Garnier, A. (2013). A variational approach for retrieving ice cloud properties from infrared measurements: Application in the context of two IIR validation campaigns. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **13**(16), 8229–8244. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8229-2013

Stephens, G. L., Vane, D. G., Boain, R. J., Mace, G. G., Sassen, K., Wang, Z., et al. (2002). The CloudSat mission and the A-Train. *Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society*, **83**(12), 1771–1790. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-83-12-1771

Suzuki, K., Nakajima, T. Y., & Stephens, G. L. (2010). Particle growth and drop collection efficiency of warm clouds as inferred from JointCloudSat and MODIS observations. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **67**(9), 3019–3032. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3463.1

Szczodrak, M., Austin, P., & Krummel, P. (2001). Variability of optical depth and effective radius in marine stratocumulus clouds. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **58**, 2912–2926. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2912:VOODAE>2.0.CO;2

Tonttila, J., O'Connor, E. J., Niemelä, S., Räisänen, P., & Järvinen, H. (2011). Cloud base vertical velocity statistics: A comparison between an atmospheric mesoscale model and remote sensing observations. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics*, **11**, 9207–9218. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9207-2011

Twohy, C. H., Coakley, J. A., & Tahnk, W. R. (2009). Effect of changes in relative humidity on aerosol scattering near clouds. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **114**, D05205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010991

Twomey, S. (1974). Pollution and the planetary albedo. *Atmospheric Environment*, **8**, 1251–1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(74)90004-3

Twomey, S., & Squires, P. (1959). The influence of cloud nucleus population on the microstructure and stability of convective clouds. *Tellus*, **11**, 408–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1959.tb00050.x

van de Hulst, H. (1957). *Light scattering by small particles*. New York: Dover Publications.

van Diedenhoven, B., Fridlind, A. M., Ackerman, A. S., & Cairns, B. (2012). Evaluation of hydrometeor phase and ice properties in cloud-resolving model simulations of tropical deep convection using radiance and polarization measurements. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **69**, 3290–3314. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-11-0314.1

Várnai, T., & Davies, R. (1999). Effects of cloud heterogeneities on shortwave radiation: Comparison of cloud-top variability and internal heterogeneity. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **56**, 4206–4224. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<4206:EOCHOS>2.0.CO;2

Varnái, T., & Marshak, A. (2001). Statistical analysis of the uncertainties in cloud optical depth retrievals caused by three-dimensional radiative effects. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **58**(12), 1540–1548. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1540:SAOTUI>2.0.CO;2

Varnai, T., & Marshak, A. (2007). View angle dependence of cloud optical thicknesses retrieved by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). *Journal of Geophysical Research*, **112**, D06203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006912

Várnai, T., & Marshak, A. (2009). MODIS observations of enhanced clear sky reflectance near clouds. *Geophysical Research Letters*, **36**, L06807. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037089

Waquet, F., Cornet, C., Deuzé, J.-L., Dubovik, O., Ducos, F., Goloub, P., et al. (2013). Retrieval of aerosol microphysical and optical properties above liquid clouds from polder/parasol polarization measurements. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques*, **6**(4), 991–1016.

Waquet, F., Riedi, J., Labonnote, L. C., Goloub, P., Cairns, B., Deuzé, J.-L., & Tanré, D. (2009). Aerosol remote sensing over clouds using A-Train observations. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, **66**(8), 2468–2480.
Wendisch, M., & Yang, P. (2012). *Theory of atmospheric radiative transfer—A comprehensive introduction* (p. 321). Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGa.

Wentz, F. J. (2013). SSM/I Version-7 Calibration Report (Report number 011012, p. 46). Santa Rosa, CA: Remote Sensing Systems.

Wentz, F. J., & Meissner, T. (2000). AMSR ocean algorithm theoretical basis document (ATBD) (RSS tech. doc. 121599a-1). Santa Rosa, CA: Remote Sensing Systems.

Werner, F., Siebert, H., Pilewskie, P., Schmeissner, T., Shaw, R. A., & Wendisch, M. (2013). New airborne retrieval approach for trade wind cumulus properties under overlying cirrus. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118*, 3634–3649.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50334

Werner, F., Wind, G., Zhang, Z., Platnick, S., Girolamo, L. D., Zhao, G., et al. (2016). Marine boundary layer cloud property retrievals from high-resolution ASTER observations: Case studies and comparison with Terra MODIS. *Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9*(12), 5869–5894. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5869-2016

Werner, F., Zhang, Z., Wind, G., Miller, D., & Platnick, S. (2018). Quantifying the impacts of subpixel reflectance variability on cloud optical thickness and effective radius retrievals based on high-resolution ASTER observations. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123*, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027916

Wind, G., Platnick, S., King, M. D., Hubanks, P. A., Pavolonis, M. J., Heidinger, A. K., et al. (2010). Multilayer cloud detection with the MODIS near-infrared water vapor absorption band. *Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 49*(11), 2315–2333.
https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2364.1

Winker, D. M., Vaughan, M. A., Omar, A., Hu, Y., Powell, K. A., Liu, Z., et al. (2009). Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP data processing algorithms. *Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 26*(11), 2310–2323. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1281.1

Wood, R. (2005). Drizzle in stratiform boundary layer clouds. Part I: Vertical and horizontal structure. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 62*, 3011–3033. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3529.1

Wood, R., & Hartmann, D. (2006). Spatial variability of liquid water path in marine low cloud: The importance of mesoscale cellular convection. *Journal of Climate, 19*(9), 1748–1764. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3702.1

Wyant, M. C., Bretherton, C. S., Wood, R., Carmichael, G. R., Clarke, A., Fast, J., et al. (2015). Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: The VOCA intercomparison. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15*, 153–172.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-153-2015

Xie, X., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Peng, Y., & Liu, Y. (2017). Sensitivity study of cloud parameterizations with relative dispersion in CAM5.1: Impacts on aerosol indirect effects. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17*(9), 5877–5892. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5877-2017

Xiong, X., & Barnes, W. (2006). An overview of MODIS radiometric calibration and characterization. *Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 23*(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-006-0008-3

Yang, P., Gao, B.-C., Baum, B. A., Wiscombe, W. J., Hu, Y. X., Nasiri, S. L., et al. (2001). Sensitivity of cirrus bidirectional reflectance to vertical inhomogeneity of ice crystal habits and size distributions for two Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bands. *Journal of Geophysical Research, 106*(D15), 17,267–17,291. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900618

Zeng, S., Riedi, J., Trepte, C. R., Winker, D. M., & Hu, Y.-X. (2014). Study of global cloud droplet number concentration with A-Train satellites. *Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14*(14), 7125–7134. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7125-2014

Zhang, Z. (2013). On the sensitivity of cloud effective radius retrieval based on spectral method to bi-modal droplet size distribution: A semi-analytical model. *Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 129*, 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.05.033

Zhang, Z., & Platnick, S. (2011). An assessment of differences between cloud effective particle radius retrievals for marine water clouds from three MODIS spectral bands. *Journal of Geophysical Research, 116*, D20215. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016216

Zhang, Z., Werner, F., Cho, H. M., Wind, G., Platnick, S., Ackerman, A. S., et al. (2016). A framework based on 2-D Taylor expansion for quantifying the impacts of subpixel reflectance variance and covariance on cloud optical thickness and effective radius retrievals based on the bispectral method. *Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121*, 7007–7025. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024837

Zhang, Z. B., Ackerman, A. S., Feingold, G., Platnick, S., Pincus, R., & Xue, H. W. (2012). Effects of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and drizzle on remote sensing of cloud droplet effective radius: Case studies based on large-eddy simulations. *Journal of Geophysical Research, 117*, D19208. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017655

Zheng, Y., & Rosenfeld, D. (2015). Linear relation between convective cloud base height and updrafts and application to satellite retrievals. *Geophysical Research Letters, 42*, 6485–6491. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064809

Zhu, Y., Rosenfeld, D., Yu, X., Liu, G., Dai, J., & Xu, X. (2014). Satellite retrieval of convective cloud base temperature based on the NPP/VIIRS imager. *Geophysical Research Letters, 41*, 1308–1313. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058970

Zuidema, P., & Evans, K. F. (1998). On the validity of the independent pixel approximation for boundary layer clouds observed during ASTEX. *Journal of Geophysical Research, 103*, 6059–6074. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00080

Zuidema, P., Painemal, D., deSroeke, S., & Fairall, C. (2009). Stratocumulus cloud top height estimates and their climatic implications. *Journal of Climate, 22*, 4652–4666.