Wouters, H., Demuzere, M., Blahak, U., Fortuniak, K., Maiheu, B., Camps, J., Tielemans, D., and van Lipzig, N. P. M.: The efficient urban canopy dependency parametrization (SURY) v1.0 for atmospheric modelling: description and application with the COSMO-CLM model for a Belgian summer, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3027–3054, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3027-2016, 2016.

WWRP: Seamless prediction of the earth system: From minutes to months, WMO, Geneva, No. 1156, 471 pp., ISBN: 9789263111562, 2015.

Xie, J. and Zhu, Y.: Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China, Sci. Total Environ., 724, 138201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138201, 2020.

Xie, Y., Dai, H. C., Zhang, Y. X., Wu, Y. Z., Hanaoka, T., and Masui, T.: Comparison of health and economic impacts of PM2.5 and ozone pollution in China, Environ. Int., 130, 104881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.075, 2019.

Xu, C., Kan, H.-D., Fan, Y.-N., Chen, R.-J., Liu, J.-H., Li, Y.-F., Zhang, Y., Ji, A.-L., and Cai, T.-J. Acute effects of air pollution on enteritis admissions in Xi'an, China, J. Toxicol. Env. Heal. A, 79, 1183–1189, 2016.

Yang, L. Q., Chen, G., Zhao, J. L., and Rytter, N. G. M.: Ship Speed Optimization Considering Ocean Currents to Enhance Environmental Sustainability in Maritime Shipping, Sustainability, 12, 3649, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093649, 2020.

Yang, Y., Pun, V. C., Sun, S., Lin, H., Mason, T. G., and Qiu, H.: Particulate matter components and health: a literature review on exposure assessment, Journal of Public Health and Emergency, 2, 14, https://doi.org/10.21037/jphe.2018.03.03, 2018.

Zacharof, N., Doulgeris, S., Myrsinias, I., Toumasatos, Z., Kolokotronis, D., Dimaratos, A., Mellios, G., and Samaras, Z.: MILE 21: Raising user awareness on on-road fuel consumption, in: Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Air Quality, Science and Application, edited by: Moussiopoulos, N., Sokhi, R., Tsegas, G., Fragkou, E., Chourdakis, E., and Pipilis, I., Hatfield, UK, p. 36, https://doi.org/10.18745/pb.22217, 2020.

Żak, M., Melaniuk-Wolny, E., and Widziewicz, K.: The exposure of pedestrians, drivers and road transport passengers to nitrogen dioxide, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 8, 781–790, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.10.011, 2017.

Zanini, P., Chevalier, J., Lebegue, B., Allard, J., and Lascaux, F.: High-resolution mapping of urban air quality based on low-cost sensors and neural network model: application to Grenoble City, in: Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Air Quality, Science and Application, edited by: Moussiopoulos, N., Sokhi, R. S., Tsegas, G., Fragkou, E., Chourdakis, E., and Pipilis, I., Hatfield, UK, p. 112, https://doi.org/10.18745/pb.22217, 2020.

Zanobetti, A. and Schwartz, J.: The effect of fine and coarse particulate air pollution on mortality: A national analysis, Environ. Health Persp., 117, 898–903, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800108, 2009.

Zhan, Y., Luo, Y., Deng, X., Chen, H., Grieneisen, M. L., Shen, X., Zhu, L., and Zhang, M.: Spatiotemporal prediction of continuous daily PM2.5 concentrations across China using a spatially explicit machine learning algorithm, Atmos. Environ., 155, 129–139, 2017.

Zhang, X., Chen, X., and Zhang, X.: The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 9193–9197, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809474115, 2018.

Zhang, Y., Bocquet, M., Mallet, V., Seigneur, C., and Baklanov, A.: Real-time air quality forecasting, part I: History, techniques, and current status, Atmos. Environ., 60, 632–655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.031, 2012a.

Zhang, Y., Bocquet, M., Mallet, V., Seigneur, C., and Baklanov, A.: Real-time air quality forecasting, part II: State of the science, current research needs, and future prospects, Atmos. Environ., 60, 656–676, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.041, 2012b.

Zhang, Y., Hong, C., Yahya, K., Li, Q., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Comprehensive evaluation of multi-year real-time air quality forecasting using an online-coupled meteorology-chemistry model over southeastern United States, Atmos. Environ., 138, 162–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.006, 2016.

Zhao, B., Zheng, H., Wang, S., Smith, K. R., Lu, X., Aunan, K., Gu, Y., Wang, Y., Ding, D., Xing, J., Fu, X., Yang, X., Liou, K.-N., and Hao, J.: Change in household fuels dominates the decrease in PM2.5 exposure and premature mortality in China in 2005–2015, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 12401–12406, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812955115, 2018.

Zhao, J., Birmili, W., Wehner, B., Daniels, A., Weinhold, K., Wang, L., Merkel, M., Kecorius, S., Tuch, T., Franck, U., Hussein, T., and Wiedensohler, A.: Particle Mass Concentrations and Number Size Distributions in 40 Homes in Germany: Indoor-to-Outdoor Relationships, Diurnal and Seasonal Variation, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 20, 576–589, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0444, 2020a.

Zhao, J. R., Zhang, Y., Patton, A. P., Ma, W. C., Kan, H. D., Wu, L. B., Fung, F., Wang, S. X., Ding, D., and Walker, K.: Projection of ship emissions and their impact on air quality in 2030 in Yangtze River delta, China, Environ. Pollut., 263, 114643, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114643, 2020b.

Zhu, Y., Xie, J., Huang, F., and Cao, L.: Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China, Sci. Total Environ., 727, 138704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704, 2020.
Wouters, H., Demuzere, M., Blahak, U., Fortuniak, K., Maiheu, B., Camps, J., Tielemans, D., and van Lipzig, N. P. M.: The efficient urban canopy dependency parametrization (SURY) v1.0 for atmospheric modelling: description and application with the COSMO-CLM model for a Belgian summer, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3027–3054, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3027-2016, 2016.

WWRP: Seamless prediction of the earth system: From minutes to months, WMO, Geneva, No. 1156, 471 pp., ISBN: 9789263111562, 2015.

Xie, J. and Zhu, Y.: Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China, Sci. Total Environ., 724, 138201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138201, 2020.

Xie, Y., Dai, H. C., Zhang, Y. X., Wu, Y. Z., Hanaoka, T., and Masui, T.: Comparison of health and economic impacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone pollution in China, Environ. Int., 130, 104881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.075, 2019.

Xu, C., Kan, H.-D., Fan, Y.-N., Chen, R.-J., Liu, J.-H., Li, Y.-F., Zhang, Y., Ji, A.-L., and Cai, T.-J. Acute effects of air pollution on enteritis admissions in Xi'an, China, J. Toxicol. Env. Heal. A, 79, 1183–1189, 2016.

Yang, L. Q., Chen, G., Zhao, J. L., and Rytter, N. G. M.: Ship Speed Optimization Considering Ocean Currents to Enhance Environmental Sustainability in Maritime Shipping, Sustainability, 12, 3649, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093649, 2020.

Yang, Y., Pun, V. C., Sun, S., Lin, H., Mason, T. G., and Qiu, H.: Particulate matter components and health: a literature review on exposure assessment, Journal of Public Health and Emergency, 2, 14, https://doi.org/10.21037/jphe.2018.03.03, 2018.

Zacharof, N., Doulgeris, S., Myrsinias, I., Toumasatos, Z., Kolokotronis, D., Dimaratos, A., Mellios, G., and Samaras, Z.: MILE 21: Raising user awareness on on-road fuel consumption, in: Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Air Quality, Science and Application, edited by: Moussiopoulos, N., Sokhi, R., Tsegas, G., Fragkou, E., Chourdakis, E., and Pipilis, I., Hatfield, UK, p. 36, https://doi.org/10.18745/pb.22217, 2020.

Żak, M., Melaniuk-Wolny, E., and Widziewicz, K.: The exposure of pedestrians, drivers and road transport passengers to nitrogen dioxide, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 8, 781–790, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.10.011, 2017.

Zanini, P., Chevalier, J., Lebegue, B., Allard, J., and Lascaux, F.: High-resolution mapping of urban air quality based on low-cost sensors and neural network model: application to Grenoble City, in: Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Air Quality, Science and Application, edited by: Moussiopoulos, N., Sokhi, R. S., Tsegas, G., Fragkou, E., Chourdakis, E., and Pipilis, I., Hatfield, UK, p. 112, https://doi.org/10.18745/pb.22217, 2020.

Zanobetti, A. and Schwartz, J.: The effect of fine and coarse particulate air pollution on mortality: A national analysis, Environ. Health Persp., 117, 898–903, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800108, 2009.

Zhan, Y., Luo, Y., Deng, X., Chen, H., Grieneisen, M. L., Shen, X., Zhu, L., and Zhang, M.: Spatiotemporal prediction of continuous daily PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations across China using a spatially explicit machine learning algorithm, Atmos. Environ., 155, 129–139, 2017.

Zhang, X., Chen, X., and Zhang, X.: The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 9193–9197, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809474115, 2018.

Zhang, Y., Bocquet, M., Mallet, V., Seigneur, C., and Baklanov, A.: Real-time air quality forecasting, part I: History, techniques, and current status, Atmos. Environ., 60, 632–655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.031, 2012a.

Zhang, Y., Bocquet, M., Mallet, V., Seigneur, C., and Baklanov, A.: Real-time air quality forecasting, part II: State of the science, current research needs, and future prospects, Atmos. Environ., 60, 656–676, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.041, 2012b.

Zhang, Y., Hong, C., Yahya, K., Li, Q., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Comprehensive evaluation of multi-year real-time air quality forecasting using an online-coupled meteorology-chemistry model over southeastern United States, Atmos. Environ., 138, 162–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.006, 2016.

Zhao, B., Zheng, H., Wang, S., Smith, K. R., Lu, X., Aunan, K., Gu, Y., Wang, Y., Ding, D., Xing, J., Fu, X., Yang, X., Liou, K.-N., and Hao, J.: Change in household fuels dominates the decrease in PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and premature mortality in China in 2005–2015, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 12401–12406, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812955115, 2018.

Zhao, J., Birmili, W., Wehner, B., Daniels, A., Weinhold, K., Wang, L., Merkel, M., Kecorius, S., Tuch, T., Franck, U., Hussein, T., and Wiedensohler, A.: Particle Mass Concentrations and Number Size Distributions in 40 Homes in Germany: Indoor-to-Outdoor Relationships, Diurnal and Seasonal Variation, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 20, 576–589, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0444, 2020a.

Zhao, J. R., Zhang, Y., Patton, A. P., Ma, W. C., Kan, H. D., Wu, L. B., Fung, F., Wang, S. X., Ding, D., and Walker, K.: Projection of ship emissions and their impact on air quality in 2030 in Yangtze River delta, China, Environ. Pollut., 263, 114643, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114643, 2020b.

Zhu, Y., Xie, J., Huang, F., and Cao, L.: Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China, Sci. Total Environ., 727, 138704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704, 2020.