# Protein complexes associated with β-catenin differentially influence the differentiation profile of neonatal and adult CD8 + T cells

Gerson Hernández-acevedo, Oscar López-portales, Darely Gutiérrez-reyna, Erick Cuevas-fernández, Linda Kempis-calanis, Rosario Labastida-conde, Oscar Aguilar-luviano, Oscar Ramírez-pliego, Salvatore Spicuglia, Bárbara Lino-alfaro, et al.

► To cite this version:

Gerson Hernández-acevedo, Oscar López-portales, Darely Gutiérrez-reyna, Erick Cuevas-fernández, Linda Kempis-calanis, et al.. Protein complexes associated with β-catenin differentially influence the differentiation profile of neonatal and adult CD8 + T cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2019, 10.1002/jcp.28502. hal-02154920

HAL Id: hal-02154920

https://amu.hal.science/hal-02154920

Submitted on 19 Jun 2019

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Protein complexes associated with β-catenin differentially
influence the differentiation profile of neonatal and adult
CD8+ T cells

<table><tr><td>Journal:</td><td>Journal of Cellular Physiology</td></tr><tr><td>Manuscript ID</td><td>JCP-18-1227</td></tr><tr><td>Wiley - Manuscript type:</td><td>Original Research Article</td></tr><tr><td>Date Submitted by the Author:</td><td>28-Jul-2018</td></tr><tr><td>Complete List of Authors:</td><td>Hernández Acevedo, Gerson; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular López Portales, Oscar; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Gutierrez Reyna, Darely; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Cuevas Fernández, Erick; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Labastida Conde, Rosario; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Aguilar Luviano, Oscar; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Ramírez-Pliego, Oscar; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Spicuglia, Salvatore; Technologie Avancee pour le Genome et la Clinique Lino Alfaro, María; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Irapuato González de la Vara, Luis; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Irapuato Chagoya López, Alicia; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Irapuato Santana, M. Angélica; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular</td></tr><tr><td>Key Words:</td><td>CD8+ T cells, beta-catenin, CBP/p300, neonate immunity, proteomics</td></tr></table>
Protein complexes associated with β-catenin differentially influence the
differentiation profile of neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells

Hernández-Acevedo, G.N.¹, López-Portales, O.H., Gutiérrez Reyna, D. Y.¹, Cuevas

Fernández, E. ¹, ¹Labastida Conde, R. G. ¹, Aguilar-Luviano, O.B., Ramírez-Pliego, O. ¹,

Spicuglia, S.³, Lino-Alfaro, B.², Chagolla-López, A.², González-de la Vara, L.E.², Santana, M.A.¹*

¹Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.

²Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, México.

³Inserm U1090, TAGC, Marseille, F-13009, France. Aix-Marseille University UMR-S 1090, TAGC, Marseille, F-13009, France.

ªMaría Angélica Santana Calderón, corresponding author. Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Tel 527773297000 ext. 3666, fax 527773207040. E-mail: santana@uaem.mx

Running head: ☐eta-catenin complexes in CD8+ T cells

Keywords: CD8+ T cells, ☐eta-catenin, CBP/p300, neonate immunity, proteomics

Figures: 6 Figures, 1 Supplementary figure, 1 Graphical abstract

Tables: 3 Supplementary Tables

Contract grant sponsors:

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México, Contract grant numbers: 168182 and 25718.

Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente, Grant: Red: Inmunología Molecular de Virus.

Ecos/ANUIES/SEP/CONACYT Grant M11S01
ABSTRACT

The canonical Wnt Signalling Pathway is a master cell regulator involved in CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation. In human CD8+ T cells, this pathway induces differentiation into memory cells or a “stem cell memory like” population, which is preferentially present in cord blood. To better understand the role of canonical Wnt signals in neonatal or adult blood, we compared the proteins associated with β-catenin, in non-stimulated and Wnt3a stimulated human neonatal and adult naïve CD8+ T cells. Differentially recruited proteins established different complexes in adult and neonatal cells. In the former, β-catenin-associated proteins were linked to cell signalling and immunological functions, while those of neonates were linked to proliferation and metabolism. Wnt3a stimulation led to the recruitment and overexpression of Wnt11 in adult cells and Wnt5a in neonatal cells, suggesting a differential connexion with planar polarity and Wnt/Ca²⁺ non-canonical pathways, respectively. ChIP-PCR experiments showed that β-catenin was recruited to a higher level on the promoters of cell renewal genes in neonatal cells and of differentiation genes in those of adults. We found a preferential association of β-catenin with CBP in neonatal cells and with p300 in the adult samples, which could be involved in a higher self-renewal capacity of the neonatal cells and memory commitment in those of adults.
Altogether, our results show that different proteins associated with β-catenin during Wnt3a activation mediate a differential response of neonatal and adult human CD8+ T cells.
## INTRODUCTION

Human neonates are highly susceptible to infections by intracellular pathogens, which are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality (World Health Organization, 2017). The function of neonatal T cells is considered to be immature, skewed and tolerant. Under very strong stimulation, however, neonatal cells are capable of adult-level T-cell responses, indicating their high activation threshold (Adkins et al., 2004).

The Wnt signalling pathways are master regulators of development and multiple biological functions, including antagonic roles in undifferentiated cell-renewal and differentiation (Teo and Kahn, 2010). There are 19 mammalian Wnt proteins that can be recognized by 10 frizzled (Fzd) receptors and different co-receptors, the combination of which determine the signalling pathway and outcome of the cell. The canonical pathway can be activated by Wnt1, Wnt3a and Wnt8 and depends on the engagement of Fzd and Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5/6 (LRP5/6). It relies on the stabilization of β-catenin, through the disassembly of the β-catenin degradation complex. The degradation complex is formed by the scaffold protein Axin, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and Casein Kinase 1 (CK1), which in the absence of Wnt signals keep β-catenin phosphorylated, a mark that provokes its ubiquitination and degradation. Once the Wnt signal is received, β-catenin is stabilized in the cytosol and forms protein complexes that mediate its import to the nucleus and activation of gene expression, which is mediated by the TCF and LEF family of transcription factors (MacDonald et al., 2009). The non-canonical Wnt-dependent signalling pathways are broadly grouped into the Wnt/Ca²⁺ signalling pathway and the planar polarity pathway. The later includes Wnt-RAP1, Wnt-PKA, Wnt-GSK3MT, Wnt-aPKC, Wnt-RYK and Wnt-mTOR signalling pathways (De, 2011; Semenov et al., 2007). Wnt5a, with co-receptors Ror1/2, has been associated with the activation of the Wnt/Ca²⁺ pathway and Wnt11 with the planar polarity pathway. Some controversy exists into the exclusivity of frizzle receptors to recognize Wnt, adding complexity to Wnt signalling pathways (Angers and Moon, 2009; De, 2011; Grumolato et al., 2010; Kühl et al., 2000; Major et al., 2007).

The protein complexes associated with β-catenin translocate to the nucleus and associate with the transcription factors TCF and LEF to displace the GROUCHO family of proteins, in order to allow the transcription of the target genes (Gao et al., 2014). The later are inhibitors of gene transcription that keep the Wnt-responsive-genes silenced. In addition,
the transcription factors TCF and LEF themselves have Histone Deacetylase activities, and also contribute to gene silencing in the absence of activating protein complexes (Cadigan and Waterman, 2012). Gene expression mediated by the canonical pathway is complex, as it depends on the composition of the protein complexes associated with β-catenin and the cell context (Nakamura et al., 2016).

Among the proteins associated with the β-catenin complex in the nucleus, are the co-activator proteins p300 and CBP. These proteins, with a high degree of homology, share a histone acetyl transferase domain, three domains rich in cysteine and a KIX domain for interaction with CREB transcription factor, a steroid binding domain and a bromodomain for association with acetylated histone tails (Ogryzko et al., 1996; Teo and Kahn, 2010). Due to their multiple protein interaction domains, they have a role as scaffold proteins in chromatin opening for transcription of enhancers and genes (Dyson and Wright, 2005; Goodman and Smolik, 2000; Ogryzko et al., 1996; Teo and Kahn, 2010). In association with β-catenin, opposite effects of CBP and p300 have been reported. The inhibition of the association of β-catenin with either CBP or p300 results in different outcomes of the cells. CBP association with β-catenin is essential for the expression of genes involved in self renewal of stem cells, while p300-containing complexes mediate transcription of differentiation related genes (Teo and Kahn, 2010). A dual role for CBP and p300 was also described during myocytes' differentiation. Using mutant forms of CBP and p300, it was shown that p300, but not CBP, is important for cell-differentiation in vivo (Roth et al., 2003b). Again, in colorectal cancer, in which a role of Wnt signalling has been clearly established in cell transformation, it was found that CBP promotes proliferation and is a marker of bad prognosis, while p300 is important for differentiation of these cells (Bordonaro and Lazarova, 2015). These reports suggest that p300 and CBP associated with β-catenin act as a switch that promotes either differentiation or cell-renewal, respectively.

The involvement of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway in CD8+ T cell differentiation into memory precursor cells (MPEC), but not effector precursor (SLEC) cells, was demonstrated in adult mice models in vivo. It was clearly shown that the pathway is active in naïve, MPECs and memory cells, but is silenced in SLECs and effector cells (Boudousquie et al., 2014; Gattinoni et al., 2009). In addition, activation of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway also induces a phenotype that has been called "stem cell memory like (TSCM)". These are self-renewing multi-potent CD8+ T cells that have a mixed phenotype between memory and
stem cells, which could be useful for bone marrow transplantation purposes and immune
cells-mediated cancer treatments (Forget et al., 2012; Li et al., 2014; Scholz et al., 2016).
The TSCM phenotype is enriched in neonatal as compared to adult blood (Xu, 2016).

We have previously shown that human neonatal CD8+ T cells have a distinctive transcriptomic and epigenetic landscape, characterized by the expression of genes involved in cell cycle and innate immunity. We also found that neonatal cells have an increased homeostatic proliferation, but reduced clonal expansion and effector functions. Several transcription factors were found differentially expressed between adult and neonatal cells, including the β-catenin dependent TCF4 and LEF1 factors (Galindo-Albarrán et al., 2016).

Our aim in this study was to understand the potential dual role of β-catenin mediated
signalling in the maintenance of cell-renewal capacity and differentiation of neonatal and
adult human CD8+ T cells. For this, we made a proteomic identification of the proteins that
associate with β-catenin in human neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells, before and after
stimulation with Wnt3a. We found common and differentially recruited proteins in the
neonatal and adult cells that were involved in the formation of complexes with different
biological activities. In the adult cells, the complexes formed were associated with the
control of immunological function and cell signalling, while in those of neonates with
proliferation and metabolism. A notable difference was the Wnt3a-induced association of
β-catenin with Wnt11 in the adult cells complexes and Wnt5a in those of neonates, which
were accompanied by a differential overexpression of these proteins. This suggests an
alternative connexion of Wnt3a activated cells with the cell polarity pathway in adult cells
and Wnt/Ca2+ in the neonatal samples. Evaluation of β-catenin recruitment to the
promoters of target genes, showed a higher enrichment of β-catenin to the promoters of
proliferation genes in the neonatal cells. Finally, we found that β-catenin preferentially
recruits CBP in neonatal cells and p300 in those of adults. Altogether our results suggest
that a cellular switch, mediated by β-catenin associated protein-complexes, could
participate in the control self-renewal or differentiation of human CD8+ T cells. This clarifies
the role of Canonical Wnt signalling Pathway in CD8+ T cell populations, which are
considered for immunological cancer treatments and cell replenishment in transplantation
procedures.

## MATERIALS AND METHODS
## Cell preparation

Adult CD8+ T cells were obtained from leukocyte concentrates of healthy adult donors from Centro Estatal de la Transfusión Sanguínea, in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Neonatal blood was collected from the cord vein of full term vaginal deliveries of healthy babies at Hospital General Parres, with informed mothers consent. Blood was collected just after the deliveries and before placental expulsion. The Ethical Committee of Hospital Parres approved this procedure. Total blood was separated with ficoll-hypaque gradient and incubated overnight for plastic adhesion and monocytes depletion. For CD8+ T cell purification, we remixed PBMCs with 2 ml of cultured erythrocytes from the same donor and depleted the unwanted cells with RossetteSep™ CD8+ T cell enrichment cocktail (StemCell Technologies, 15063). Cells were further purified by depletion of CD45RO+ CD44+ and B220+ cells with Protein A/G magnetic beads (Pierce, 8803, ThermoFischer), ligated to the corresponding antibodies (CD45RO: UCHL1; CD44: IM7 and B220: RA3-6B2, Biosciences). This method allowed us to have over 94% naïve CD3+CD8+ T cells (Supplementary figure 1). Cells were maintained in RPMI supplemented with 1% L-Glutamine, antibiotics (100 U/mL Penicillin and 100 µg/mL Streptomycin) and 5% foetal calf serum under 5% CO2 at 37°C. For all experiments, cells were left untreated or stimulated with Wnt3a recombinant protein (R&D systems, 149122), 50 ng/mL for 12h.

## Flow cytometry

Antibodies recognizing the following molecules coupled to the indicated fluorochromes were used to assess the purity of the cell' preparations: PE anti-Human CD8α (Hit8aOKT8, 50-0089-T100, Tonbo Biosciences), FITC anti-Human CD3 (OKT3, 35-0037-T100, Tonbo Biosciences), APC anti-Human CD45RO (UCHL1, 20-0457-T100, Tonbo Biosciences). Cells were subsequently washed twice in PBS containing 1% FCS and resuspended for FACS analysis. Flow cytometry was performed on the FACSCanto cytometer using BD FACSDiva software. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo software (FlowJo, LLC).

## Immunoprecipitation

Cells were left untreated or incubated in 24 wells plates with Wnt3a for 12h. After washing twice with PBS, cells were lysed in lysis buffer (137 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris pH 8, 1% NP-40, 10% Glycerol, 50 mM NaF, 2 mM EDTA and 4% protease Inhibitor Cocktail (SIGMA-ALDRICH® P8340)). After clearance by centrifugation at 16,000g for 30 min at 4°C,
lysates were incubated with 2 µg of anti-β-catenin antibody (E-5, sc-7963, Santa Cruz biotechnology) at 4°C for 2h, followed by incubation over-night with protein A/G magnetic beads (Pierce, 8803, ThermoFisher). Beads were washed three times with PBS, using a magnetic separation rack to retain marked cells, after which samples were boiled in SDS sample buffer (SDS 12 %, Tris base 0.6 M pH 6.8, bromophenol blue 1.2 µg/mL and β-mercaptoethanol 5 %).

Mass spectrometry analysis

The β-catenin immunoprecipitates were concentrated in an SDS-PAGE pre-gel. The bands were then cut and the gel fragments were washed sequentially with 50 % (v/v) acetonitrile in water (acetonitrile mixed with 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate (1:1) and 100 % acetonitrile as previously described (Lino et al., 2006)). The proteins in the gel fragments were then reduced, carbamidomethylated, and digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were extracted from the gel as previously described (Shevchenko et al., 1996).

These peptides were analysed by mass spectrometry as described (Garcia Montes de Oca et al., 2016) and separated in a nanoAcquity nanoflow LC system (Waters Corp. Milford, MA, USA). The peptides were first trapped in a precolumn (Symmetry® C18, 5 µm, 180 µm × 20 mm, Waters) and then were separated in a 10-cm capillary UPLC column (100-µm ID BEH-C18 1.7 µm particle size) that was run at 35°C with the following gradient: 3–50 % Solvent B (0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile) in Solvent A (0.1 % formic acid in water) for 30 min, 50–85 % B (1 min), 85 % B (7 min) and 3 % B (22 min). The separated peptides were directly electro sprayed into a linear ion trap LTQ Velos mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) that was equipped with a nano-electrospray ion source and controlled by Xcalibur 2.1 software. This spectrometer was operated in data-dependent acquisition mode, automatically alternating a full-scan (m/z 400–2000) spectrum with a collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectrum of the most abundant peptide ions.

The data was analysed using the X!Tandem search engine on a LabKey or a Trans Proteome Pipeline (Deutsch et al., 2010) platform, and the results were validated with PeptideProphet and ProteinProphet software. The fragmentation spectra were compared with theoretical two H. Sapiens Refseq databases that were obtained from NCBI: one with lymphocyte-related protein sequences and the other with proteins involved in the Wnt Signalling Pathway. The following search parameters were used: constant modifications,
carbamidomethylated C, variable modifications, oxidized M. The ion-mass tolerances were
4 Da for precursor ions and 2 Da for fragmentation products. Two separate experiments
with equivalent amount of identified proteins were analysed. In order to include proteins for
further analysis, we selected those in which the ProteinProphet probability was ≥0.95, with
at least four unique identifying peptides per protein and that were identified in the two
experimental samples. All identified proteins were joined in Suppl. Tables 1 and 2.

## Protein analysis

We performed functional analysis to the differentially β-catenin associated proteins in non-
stimulated or Wnt3a-stimulated conditions from neonate or adult CD8+ T cells. For this, we
used the DAVID software (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery)
in connection with the KEGG PAHTWAY, UP KEYWORDS (Uniprot), GOTERM BP (Gene
Ontology Consortium: Biological Process) and Interprot. We took Benjamini corrected p
values for significant differences between neonatal and adult CD8+ T cell samples. For
interactome analysis, we used String 10.5 to predict protein interactions and visualized
protein complexes with the Cytoscape 3.5.1 software.

## Chromatin immunoprecipitation

After stimulation, the cells were washed with PBS and cross-linked in 1% formaldehyde for
20 min. The reaction was stopped with 0.22M Glycine. The nuclei were isolated and
sonicated for 20 min with pulse 10 sec and 60% amplitude to yield fragments of 300 to 500
base pairs. After purification by centrifugation with phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:
24: 1; pH 8), cross-linked protein/DNA complexes were immunoprecipitated with 2 µg of
anti-β-catenin antibody (E-5, sc-7963, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Total chromatin was
used as control (input). Both input and immunoprecipitated chromatin was reversed cross-
linked by heating at 50 °C for 12 h and DNA was purified with mini columns (Expin PCR
SV, Genall) and quantitated with a High Sensitivity dsDNA kit in the Qubit fluorometer
(ThermoFischer).

## Real time PCR

For gene expression evaluation, cells were centrifuged, washed and placed in Trizol
(Invitrogen, 15596-018, ThermoFischer) before freezing. RNA was extracted according to
manufacturer's instructions. The integrity of the RNA was determined by electrophoresis
and quantified with Qubit RNA HS kit in a Qubit fluorometer. cDNA was synthesized from
total RNA using RevertAid reverse transcriptase (SO131 ThermoFisher). qPCRs were
performed using SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Life Technologies, 4309155,
ThermoFisher). The mRNA levels were calculated with standard curves for each gene and
were reported relative to those of GAPDH gene as standard.

Specific oligonucleotides were designed to amplify regions corresponding to the mRNA of the genes (Suppl. Table 3). The mRNA sequence of the specific isoforms of the aforementioned genes was obtained from the NCBI database. Subsequently, these sequences were entered into the Primer-BLAST online program to ensure specificity of the amplicon.

For evaluation of the β-catenin associated to specific gene promoters, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis was performed, followed by qPCR. Specific primers in the gene promoters, containing TCF/LEF binding motifs, were selected using the "Eukaryotic Promoter Database" (EPD; http://epd.vital-it.ch/) to find promoters from the position -1000 to +100 of the gene. "Matinspector" analysis in www.genomatix.de allowed us to find the TCF-1/LEF-1 binding motifs. Regions with more than one motif were chosen. Oligos were obtained as described above, from a region -250 +250 of the motifs. Sequences are shown in Suppl. Table 3.

All amplicons produced a single peak after denaturation, indicating a single amplicon.

## Immunoblots

Protein extracts or β-catenin immunoprecipitates were boiled with sample buffer for 5 min at 100°C and separated on a PAGE 4-12% mini-gel (mini-PROTEAN®). Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane in a wet chamber (Bio-Rad) at 400 mA for 4h. The membrane was blocked with TBST (TBS:Tris base 19 mM, NaCl 137 mM, pH= 7.8 and TBST:TBS+Tween 20), 1% fat free milk for 1h at room temperature and subsequently incubated with anti-β-catenin, anti-CBP, anti-P300 or anti-β-actin antibodies (D2905, sc-1615-R, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The membrane was washed with TBST three times and subsequently incubated with anti-mouse IgG-HRP (DO80, sc-2302, Santa Cruz Biotecnology) o anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (LO204, sc-2301, Santa Cruz Biotecnology) for 2h at room temperature. After washing the membrane with TBST and TBS, membranes were treated with ECL Western blotting detection reagent (PE191121, 32132, Pierce® ECL Plus) and bands were revealed with radiography films Medical X-ray General Purpose Blue (825
024, Ref 604 0331, Kodak). Densitometry analysis was performed with ImageJ.
(http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/).

RESULTS

Differences in β-catenin associated proteins in neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells

The canonical Wnt signalling pathway controls the antagonic responses of cell renewal and differentiation. In order to get insights into the proteins involved in neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells responses, we purified naïve CD8+ T cells (Suppl. figure 1) and immunoprecipitated β-catenin from protein extracts of untreated or Wnt3a stimulated cells. Proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis from two independent experiments of each cell population (Suppl. Tables 1 and 2). In the untreated conditions, a total of 101 and 96 proteins were identified in the adult and neonatal samples, respectively, with 40 common proteins (figure 1A). After stimulation with Wnt3a, the number of recruited proteins increased about 4 fold, to 455 and 451 in adult and neonatal cells, respectively, with 402 common proteins (figure 1C).

The functional analysis of the cell-type specific β-catenin recruited proteins showed conserved functions and also differences between neonatal and adult cells (figure 1B). Among the differential functions, we found that in the non-stimulated adult samples, β-catenin associated proteins were involved in Cell Polarity pathway and were rich in Kinase-like domains, Armadillo fold and Shisa family of proteins. Armadillo is a common fold domain present in β-catenin and Wnt-signalling transduction proteins, while the Shisa family refers to proteins that control the maturation and trafficking of frizzled receptors to the cell membrane. In the neonatal cells, the β-catenin associated proteins were enriched in Melanogenesis pathway and in Neural Differentiation and Frizzled binding GOTerms. Frizzled receptors associated with β-catenin in the non-stimulated conditions were only found in the neonatal cells. The enrichment in the Melanogenesis pathway could relate to the high ROS production of the neonatal cells (Galindo-Albarran et al., 2016). The neural differentiation GOterm could refer to the recruitment of Presenilin1 and associated proteins in the neonatal immunoprecipitates, which suggests a connection with the Notch pathway in these cells.

The proteins identified after Wnt3a stimulation in adult cells (Fig 1D) were associated with a higher activity of the Wnt Signalling Pathway and were rich in Kringle, Shisa and Kinase proteins. The recruitment of kinases is in agreement with a higher expression of signalling proteins in adult CD8+ T cells (Galindo-Albarran et al., 2016). The Proteins with Kringle
domains are binding mediators and regulators of proteolytic activity. In the neonatal cells the recruited proteins were associated with proliferation, stemness and Hippo signalling pathway that regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stress responses. Altogether, these results suggest a mature, highly controlled, Wnt Signalling Pathway in the adult CD8+T cells. In the neonatal cells, however, our results suggest the involvement of this pathway in stemness, cell cycle and developmental processes.

Next, we focused our analysis on the differences of β-catenin immunoprecipitated proteins between neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells within the Wnt Signalling Pathway (figure 2). Orange colour refers to common proteins, red to adult-specific proteins and blue to neonatal-specific proteins. In the non-stimulated neonatal cells (figure 2A) we found Wnt5b and Wnt8a, whereas in the adult cells Wnt9b was recruited. Wnt5b is related with cell migration in cancer cells and oestrogenic differentiation (Yang, Yingzi development 2003) (Harada T, Cancer Sci. 2017). Little is known about Wnt8a and Wnt9, except that they participate in development. Only in the adult's samples, association of LEF and TCF with β-catenin complexes was found at basal conditions and only in the neonatal cell samples, frizzled receptors were found associated with β-catenin.

In the Wnt3a-stimulated cells (figure 2B), the number of proteins associated with β-catenin was increased, as expected. In these conditions, recruitment of frizzled receptors was found both in neonatal and adult cells as well as all the proteins of the β-catenin degradation complex and transcription factors TCF and LEF. Only in adult cells MAP3K7 (Tak1), FRAT1 and CXXC4 were recruited, indicating connection with MAPK pathway, ATM-dependent DNA damage control and control of Wnt signalling, respectively. Although in the stimulated cells Axin2 was found in both cell populations, Axin1 was only recruited in the neonatal cells, in untreated and Wnt3a treated samples. A differential role of Axin1 and Axin2 has been reported, the later is more associated with the destruction complex activity (Thorvaldsen et al., 2017). Differences in the recruitment of Wnt proteins were also found in the Wnt3a stimulated cells. Wnt5a Wnt10A and Wnt16 were recruited only in neonatal cells and Wnt11 only in the adult samples, suggesting the connexion with two independent branches of the non-canonical Wnt pathways in the cells from the two different age populations. Wnt11 induces the cell polarity pathway that is more strongly related with cell differentiation (Cohen et al., 2008; Lange et al., 2006; Terami et al., 2004a) and Wnt5a with calcium signalling. Higher calcium waves have been reported in neonatal T cells (Palin et al., 2013).
In neonatal cells we also found Presenilin1 in the β-catenin complexes. This protein is the catalytic subunit of the γ secretase complex (PS-1) and is probably related to a connexion with the Notch Signalling Pathway. On the contrary, only in adult cells the MAPKKK Tak 1 and the nucleic acid binding protein Sbp1 were recruited in the β-catenin complexed proteins, suggesting a link with the MAPK and p53 signalling pathways, respectively.

Differences were also found in members of Dkk, DVL and axin family proteins, all of which are controlling proteins of the canonical pathway. Altogether, our results show that the differences in proteins recruited by the β-catenin immunoprecipitates from neonatal and adult CD8⁺ T cells could be biologically significant.

## Interactome analysis of the β-catenin immunoprecipitated proteins

In order to identify the protein complexes formed by the specific β-catenin recruited proteins in neonatal and adult cells, we analysed the interactome (figure 3). The protein complexes from neonatal cells were mostly involved in positive regulation of cell cycle, chromatin remodelling, calcium pathways and metabolism. Three proteins involved in several of the neonatal complexes were Wnt5, Axin1 and Presenilin1. Wnt5a was involved in complexes associated with calcium metabolism and proliferation, in association with the replication-dependent histone Hist1H4H. Axin1 was involved in complexes related to proliferation, microtubule organisation, and ubiquitination. Presenilin1 is a protease that cuts the Notch receptor during the Notch Pathway activation. A role of the Notch Signalling Pathway, in association with the Wnt Pathway, has been described during CD8⁺ T cells differentiation into stem cell memory like populations (Kondo 2017).

The preferentially recruited proteins in adult cells were more associated with the regulation of immune system processes, kinases activities and cell signalling. The protein SFRP1, member of the soluble frizzled-related proteins, was very represented in adult cell complexes. This protein is a negative modulator of Wnt signalling, leading to a reduction in β-catenin levels and to an inhibition of proliferation in vascular cells (Ezan et al., 2004). Also central in adult cells complex's formation were MAP3K7 (Tak) and Wnt11.

The specific complexes formation in adult and neonatal cells could be the result of increased gene expression of the population-specific complexes or posttranslational modifications. We thus evaluated the expression of six of the genes involved in the formation of the specific complexes in both cell's populations. As shown in Figure 4, *wnt5A* was only detected in the neonatal cells, both untreated and Wnt3a stimulated. *psen-1* and
axin2 expression did not changed as compared to adult cells or as a result of stimulation.
For the adult genes, *wnt11* and *sfpr1* were overexpressed in adult cells, the later only in
Wnt3a-stimulated conditions.

Altogether these experiments show that some the differentially recruited proteins could be
the result of differential gene expression and corroborate that different protein complexes
in neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells could be responsible for the enriched presence of TSCM
phenotype in cord blood cells.

Association of β-catenin with gene promoters differs in neonatal and adult cells

The differences in protein complexes recruited by β-catenin in neonatal and adult CD8+ T
cells prompted us to investigate whether there is a differential recruitment of β-catenin to
gene promoters in the neonatal and adult cells. For this, we performed experiments of
chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) of gene
promoters associated with proliferation (birc5, ccnd1, pou5f1, s100a4) cell signalling (cjun,
fra1, fos, axin2) and differentiation (gzmb, pdrm, nkd1). As shown in Figure 5, enrichment
of β-catenin was higher for birc5, ccnd1 and pou5f1 in the neonatal cells. At basal levels,
axin2 promoter was more enriched in β-catenin in the neonatal cells, but after Wnt3a
stimulation, adult cells showed enrichment in β-catenin recruitment to the neonatal cell
levels.

In the adult cells, a higher enrichment in β-catenin recruitment was observed for fos
promoter, both in non-stimulated and Wnt3a treated cells. Recruitment of β-catenin to the
jun promoter only increased in Wnt3a stimulated adult cells. This is in agreement with the
bigger involvement of the MAPK pathways in the adult cells. For gzmb and nkd1,
associated with cell differentiation, there was a significant increase in the β-catenin
recruitment in the adult cells as compared with those of neonates.

Our gene expression experiments showed that *birc5* was overexpressed in the neonatal
cells at basal conditions and was not further stimulated by Wnt3a treatment; *pou5f1* was
only overexpressed in response to Wnt3a in the neonatal cells and *axin2* expression was
induced by Wnt3a in the adult cells, to the neonatal cells basal levels (figure 5). Only for
these three genes there was a correspondence between β-catenin recruitment and gene
expression. Although β-catenin could have a permissive role in the expression of the other
genes, their expression is also controlled by other transcription factors, such as the TCR inducible factors, AP-1, NFκB, NFAT and CREB.

### Association of CBP or p300 with β-catenin in neonate and adult cells

Next, we evaluated specifically the association of CBP or p300 with β-catenin in neonatal and adult cells. It has been proposed that the association of β-catenin with either CBP or p300 is a molecular switch that flips the balance towards proliferation or differentiation of the cells, respectively. CD8+ T cells from adult or neonate donors differ in their proliferation vs. differentiation profile. Neonatal cells have a higher stemness capacity and adult cells differentiate preferentially into memory cells and its precursors in response to canonical Wnt signals (Boudousquie et al., 2014; Galindo-Albarran et al., 2016; Gattinoni et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2015). In agreement with this notion, our results from the proteomic characterization of the complexes associated with β-catenin in adult cells complexes are balanced towards differentiation and in neonatal cells towards proliferation. To specifically evaluate the association of CBP or p300 with β-catenin in neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells, we performed β-catenin immunoprecipitation experiments followed by β-catenin, CBP and p300 immunoblots. As shown in Figure 6, in neonatal but not adult cells, β-catenin was strongly associated with CBP after Wnt3a stimulation. On the contrary, only adult cells increased significantly their association with p300 after Wnt3a stimulation. Altogether, these results suggest that the preferential association of CBP with β-catenin in neonatal CD8+ T cells could be contributing to their stemness phenotype after Wnt3a stimulation. On the opposite, the association of p300 with β-catenin in adult CD8+ T cells could predispose their differentiation into memory cells and its precursors.

### DISCUSSION

In a previous work, we described that neonatal CD8+ T cells have a distinct transcriptomic and epigenetic programming, characterized by an inflammatory innate response, a high homeostatic proliferation rate and low signalling and cytotoxic functions (Galindo-Albarran et al., 2016). Among the transcription factors that we found enriched in the neonatal cells were Tcf4 and Lef1, which are the responsive factors of the Wnt-signalling pathway. Both neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells responded to Wnt3a treatment with an over 4-fold increase in the amount of proteins that associated to β-catenin. Although 78% of those proteins were shared between adult and neonatal cells (402 proteins), the specifically recruited proteins (102 proteins) could be determinant for the specific neonatal or adult
cells' responses. Adult specific proteins were associated with phosphorylation, cell polarity, MAPK and differentiation, while those specifically recruited in the neonatal cells were involved in proliferation, metabolism and development.

In the adult cells, under basal conditions, association of β-catenin with the transcription factors TCF/LEF and NFAT5 was observed, suggesting the presence of β-catenin already in the nucleus. The pathway regulators APC and FRAT1 were also found in the adult cells immunoprecipitates. This suggests a longer experience with the activity of the pathway in the adult cells, which could be related to the long life of human naïve T cells (Vrisekoop et al., 2008). After stimulation, as expected, a bigger proportion of proteins within the Wnt mediated signalling pathways were found. Among the proteins differentially associated with β-catenin, we retrieved differences in Wnt proteins themselves. In the neonatal cells Wnt5a was found overexpressed as compared to adult cells, suggesting a link of Wnt3a activation with the activation of the Wnt/Ca²⁺ signalling pathway. Wnt5a is also related to autophagy induction in response to bacterial infections (Jati et al., 2018), which could be part of an Innate immunity like response we previously found in neonatal CD8⁺ T cells. In the adult cells, Wnt11 was overexpressed. This protein induces the Wnt cell polarity pathway and signalling through protein kinase C. It is characterized by cytoskeleton reorganization and changes in cell polarity leading to differentiation in several cell types (Terami et al., 2004b; Uysal-Onganer et al., 2010).

Interactome analysis of the specifically recruited proteins showed that the complexes from neonatal cells were mostly involved in the positive regulation of cell cycle, chromatin remodelling, calcium pathways and metabolism. Wnt5a was found central to calcium metabolism and proliferation, which was also associated with the recruitment of the replication-dependent histone Hist1H4H. Others and us have reported an increased homeostatic proliferation in neonatal CD8⁺ T cells (Galindo-Albarran et al., 2016; Marchant and Goldman, 2005; Schonland et al., 2003). The potential involvement of the β-catenin dependent Wnt-signalling pathway in the neonatal cells proliferation was made evident by the formation of complexes associated with proliferation, the enrichment of β-catenin on the promoters of cell renewal genes and the induction of these same genes transcription by Wnt3a signalling. Oct4 (*pou5f1*) was found overexpressed in the neonatal cells, as well as the apoptosis inhibitor Survivin (*birc5*), which could be involved in self-renewal.

Also important to the neonatal cells complexes formation were Presenilin1, a protease that is involved severing Notch receptor during the pathway activation. A role of Notch
Signalling pathway, complementary to Wnt pathway has been described for differentiation into stem cell memory like populations (Kondo 2017) and also in Alzheimer disease, associated with a PS-1 mutant, in which the blockage of CBP re-established neuronal differentiation (Teo et al., 2005). The preferentially recruited proteins in adult cells were more associated with immune system processes, regulation of kinase activities and cell signalling. The protein SFRP1, member of the soluble frizzled-related complexes was central to several of the adult cell complexes. The *sfrp1* gene was found overexpressed in adult Wnt-3a-stimulated cells. These proteins are negative modulators of Wnt signalling, leading to a reduction in β-catenin levels and to an inhibition of proliferation in vascular cells (Ezan et al., 2004). The product of the gene map3k7 was also only recruited in adult cells. This gene codes for TAK1, an important regulator of cell death, through NFκB activation and also through NFκB-independent pathways such as oxidative stress and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) dependent pathway (Lui et al., 2011; Mihaly et al., 2014). The nucleic acid binding protein Sbp1 was also recruited to the β-catenin complexed proteins from adult cells, establishing a connexion with the p53 signalling pathway.

To evaluate whether the changes in protein complexes lead to differential recruitment of β-catenin to the promoters of genes associated with self-renewal, signalling and differentiation, we performed ChIP/qPCR experiments. Enrichment of β-catenin over the Input was observed for most of the genes, in both cell populations, however, significant differences between neonatal and adult cells were found. Enrichment of β-catenin was higher in self-renewal associated genes in the neonatal cells. On the opposite, differentiation associated genes recruited a higher proportion of β-catenin to their promoters in adult cells. This remained us of the dual role of the Wnt-signalling pathway reported for other cell types. It has been reported in stem cells, myocytes, neurons and cancer cells that the association of CBP or p300 to β-catenin have opposite roles in the control of self-renewal and differentiation (Bordonaro and Lazarova, 2015; Roth et al., 2003a; Teo and Kahn, 2010; Teo et al., 2005). Because of the high homology of CBP and p300, the distinction between both proteins could be clouded in proteomic analysis, in which we only identified p300 associated with both neonatal and adult cells in Wnt3a treated cells. We thus performed immunoblots to specifically evaluate the interaction of β-catenin with either p300 or CBP, using specific antibodies that distinguish between both proteins. Our results show that in neonatal cells, Wnt3a treatment significantly induced the
association of CBP with β-catenin, while in adult cells, the same stimulus induced p300
recruitment. The N-terminal 110 amino acids of CBP or p300 are responsible for the
association of these proteins with β-catenin. The affinity of this interaction is mediated by
MAPK phosphorylation, in the case of CBP in Ser92 and for p300 by Ser12. Using specific
inhibitors, it was determined that Erk could be responsible for the Ser92 phosphorylation of
CBP and p38 for Ser12 in p300 (Ma et al., 2012; Xia et al., 2011). A differential activation
of Erk or p38 MAPK could thus mediate the differential recruitment of CBP or p300 in
neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells. A different metabolism in neonatal and adult cells could
also explain the differences (Scholz et al., 2016). Our results suggest that a cell switch
between differentiation and self-renewal, mediated by p300 vs. CBP association with β-
catenin, could participate in the higher renewal capacity of neonatal CD8+ T, and
differentiation of adult cells into memory cells.

Altogether our data shows that both neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells respond to Wnt3a
with a set of cell population-specific proteins that result in a differential recruitment of β-
catenin to the promoters of self-renewal or differentiation genes. These proteins may form
complexes that could be responsible for the preferential differentiation of adult cells into
memory cells and of neonatal cells into TSCM populations. Our results highlight important
differences in protein complexes formed in neonatal and adult cell responses to the
canonical Wnt-signalling, which could be important considerations in managing the
neonatal cell responses and cord blood transplantation. Additionally, the identification of
the complex-forming proteins and potential mechanisms shaping the β-catenin nucleated
complexes could be useful for a better control of this important pathway for cancer
treatments.

LEGENDS TO FIGURES

**Figure 1.** Functional analysis of β-catenin immunoprecipitates. **A** and **B**) Proteins from non-stimulated **C** and **D**) or Wnt3a stimulated CD8+ T cells. **A** and **C**) Venn diagrams indicating the adult and neonatal cells exclusive and common proteins **B** and **D**) Functional analyses of neonatal (blue) and adult (red) specifically recruited proteins.

**Figure 2.** β-catenin associated proteins in Wnt-pathways. Proteins from **A**) non-stimulated and **B**) Wnt3a stimulated CD8+ T cells. Proteins only found in neonatal cells are depicted in
blue, in adult cells in red and in both cells in orange. The diagram was created in Cell
Designer®.

**Figure 3.** Interactome showing a representation of protein complexes recruited by β-catenin. Complexes formed in **A**) adult or **B**) neonatal CD8⁺ T cells. Red circles represent proteins only recruited in immunoprecipitates from adult cells, blue circles from neonatal cells and orange circles in both samples. Image created using *Cytoscape 3.5.1*.

**Figure 4.** Expression of genes involved in complexes’ formation. Neonatal or adult naïve CD8⁺ T cells were left untreated or stimulated with Wnt3a for 12h. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, using GAPDH as control gene. Experiments were performed from at least 3 independent samples of neonatal or adult cells. \*p < 0.05.

**Figure 5.** β-catenin bound to gene promoters and gene expression. Primers were designed for a selection of TCF/LEF target genes with self-renewal, signalling or differentiation roles *Upper panels*: Enrichment of β-catenin to the promoters of these genes (ChIP/qPCR). *Lower panels*: gene expression (RT-qPCR). Experiments were performed from at least 3 independent samples of neonatal or adult cells. \*p < 0.05.

**Figure 6.** β-catenin, CBP and p300 immunoblots from β-catenin immunoprecipitates. Protein extracts from non-stimulated (NS) of Wnt 3a stimulated neonatal (right panels) and adult (left panels) CD8+ T cells were immunoprecipitated with β-catenin antibodies. Representative immunoblots from **A**) adult cells and **B**) neonatal cells. **C-H**) Densitometric analysis of immunoblots, results are reported as means +/-sd of three independent experiments and expressed as optical density value calculated with ImageJ \*p < 0.05, **B D**) β-catenin blots **E F**) CBP blots **G** and **H**) p300 Blots. Experiments were performed from at least 3 independent samples of neonatal or adult cells. \*p < 0.05.

**Figure 7.** Graphical Abstract

**Supplementary Figure 1.** Representative flow cytometry evaluation of CD8⁺ T from neonatal and adult cells. **A**) CD3/CD8 dot plots **B**) Depletion of memory cells in adult CD8⁺ T cells. All preparations gave similar results.

**Supplementary Table 1.** Proteins associated with β-catenin identified by Mass Spectrometry in non-stimulated neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells. Only proteins with a probability ≥ 0.95, with at least 4 independent identified peptides and observed in two independent experiments were considered.
**Supplementary Table 2.** Proteins associated with β-catenin, identified by Mass Spectrometry in Wnt3a treated neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells. Only proteins with a probability ≥ 0.95, with at least 4 independent identified peptides and observed in two independent experiments were considered.

**Supplementary Table 3.** Primers used for ChIP/qPCR or RT-PCR experiments.

**Acknowledgements.** Work in our laboratory was financed by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México grants 168182 and 257188 and Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente, Grant: Red: Inmunología Molecular de Virus. The Ecos-Nord/ANUIES/SEP/CONACYT bilateral program also supported this work. We thank Dr. Verónica Narváez, Dr. Mario Cruz and members of the Santana Lab. for helpful discussions. We also thank Dr. Agustín Reyez Pérez for advice in proteomic analysis.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adkins B, Leclerc C, Marshall-Clarke S. 2004. Neonatal adaptive immunity comes of age. Nat Rev Immunol 4(7):553-564.

Angers S, Moon RT. 2009. Proximal events in Wnt signal transduction. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 10:468-477.

Bordonaro M, Lazarova DL. 2015. CREB-binding protein, p300, butyrate, and Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 21(27):8238-8248.

Boudousquie C, Danilo M, Pousse L, Jeevan-Raj B, Angelov GS, Chennupati V, Zehn D, Held W. 2014. Differences in the transduction of canonical Wnt signals demarcate effector and memory CD8 T cells with distinct recall proliferation capacity. Journal of immunology 193(6):2784-2791.

Cadigan KM, Waterman ML. 2012. TCF/LEFs and Wnt signaling in the nucleus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4(11).

Cohen ED, Tian Y, Morrisey EE. 2008. Wnt signaling: an essential regulator of cardiovascular differentiation, morphogenesis and progenitor self-renewal. Development 135(5):789-798.

De A. 2011. Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway: a brief overview. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 43(10):745-756.

Deutsch EW, Mendoza L, Shteynberg D, Farrah T, Lam H, Tasman N, Sun Z, Nilsson E, Pratt B, Prazen B, Eng JK, Martin DB, Nesvizhskii AI, Aebersold R. 2010. A guided tour of the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline. Proteomics 10(6):1150-1159.

Dyson HJ, Wright PE. 2005. Intrinsically unstructured proteins and their functions. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 6:197-208.

Ezan J, Leroux L, Barandon L, Dufourcq P, Jaspard B, Moreau C, Allieres C, Daret D, Couffinhal T, Duplaa C. 2004. FrzA/sFRP-1, a secreted antagonist of the Wnt-Frizzled pathway, controls vascular cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 63(4):731-738.
Forget MA, Huon Y, Reuben A, Grange C, Liberman M, Martin J, Mes-Masson AM, Arbour N, Lapointe R. 2012. Stimulation of Wnt/ss-catenin pathway in human CD8+ T lymphocytes from blood and lung tumors leads to a shared young/memory phenotype. PLoS One 7(7):e41074.

Galindo-Albarran AO, Lopez-Portales OH, Gutierrez-Reyna DY, Rodriguez-Jorge O, Sanchez-Villanueva JA, Ramirez-Pliego O, Bergon A, Loriod B, Holota H, Imbert J, Hernandez-Mendoza A, Ferrier P, Carrillo-de Santa Pau E, Valencia A, Spicuglia S, Santana MA. 2016. CD8+ T Cells from Human Neonates Are Biased toward an Innate Immune Response. Cell Rep 17(8):2151-2160.

Galindo-Albarrán Ariel O, López-Portales Oscar H, Gutiérrez-Reyna Darely Y, Rodríguez-Jorge O, Sánchez-Villanueva José A, Ramírez-Pliego O, Bergon A, Loriod B, Holota H, Imbert J, Hernández-Mendoza A, Ferrier P, Carrillo-de Santa Pau E, Valencia A, Spicuglia S, Santana MA. 2016. CD8+ T Cells from Human Neonates Are Biased toward an Innate Immune Response. Cell Reports 17(8):2151-2160.

Gao C, Xiao G, Hu J. 2014. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by posttranslational modifications. Cell & bioscience 4:13.

Garcia Montes de Oca LY, Cabellos Avelar T, Picon Garrido GI, Chagoya-Lopez A, Gonzalez de la Vara L, Delgado Buenrostro NL, Chirino-Lopez YI, Gomez-Lojero C, Gutierrez-Cirlos EB. 2016. Cardiolipin deficiency causes a dissociation of the b 6 c:caa 3 megacomplex in B. subtilis membranes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 48(4):451-467.

Gattinoni L, Zhong XS, Palmer DC, Ji Y, Hinrichs CS, Yu Z, Wrzesinski C, Boni A, Cassard L, Garvin LM, Paulos CM, Muranski P, Restifo NP. 2009. Wnt signaling arrests effector T cell differentiation and generates CD8+ memory stem cells. Nat Med 15(7):808-813.

Goodman RH, Smolik S. 2000. CBP / p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development. Genes & development 14(1997):1553-1577.

Grumolato L, Liu G, Mong P, Mudbhary R, Biswas R, Arroyave R, Vijayakumar S, Economides AN, Aaronson SA. 2010. Canonical and noncanonical Wnts use a common mechanism to activate completely unrelated coreceptors. Genes & development 24(22):2517-2530.

Jati S, Kundu S, Chakraborty A, Mahata SK, Nizet V, Sen M. 2018. Wnt5A Signaling Promotes Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens by Activating a Host Autophagy Circuit. Front Immunol 9:679.

Kühl M, Sheldahl LC, Malbon CC, Moon RT. 2000. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is stimulated by Wnt and Frizzled homologs and promotes ventral cell fates in Xenopus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 17:12701-12711.

Lange C, Mix E, Rateitschak K, Rolfs A. 2006. Wnt Signal Pathways and Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Neurodegenerative Diseases 3.

Li L, Kim HT, Nellore A, Patsoukis N, Petkova V, McDonough S, Politikos I, Nikiforow S, Soiffer R, Antin JH, Ballen K, Cutler C, Ritz J, Boussiotis VA. 2014. Prostaglandin E2 promotes survival of naive UCB T cells via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and alters immune reconstitution after UCBT. Blood Cancer J 4:e178.
Lino B, Carrillo-Rayas MT, Chagolla A, Gonzalez de la Vara LE. 2006. Purification and characterization of a calcium-dependent protein kinase from beetroot plasma membranes. Planta 225(1):255-268.

Lui TT, Lacroix C, Ahmed SM, Goldenberg SJ, Leach CA, Daulat AM, Angers S. 2011. The ubiquitin-specific protease USP34 regulates axin stability and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Mol Cell Biol 31(10):2053-2065.

Ma H, Guo M, Shan B, Xia Z. 2012. Targeted functional analysis of p300 coactivator in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway using phosphoproteomic and biochemical approaches. J Proteomics 75(9):2601-2610.

MacDonald BT, Tamai K, He X. 2009. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling: components, mechanisms, and diseases. Dev Cell 17(1):9-26.

Major MB, Camp ND, Berndt JD, Yi X, Goldenberg SJ, Hubbert C, Biechele TL, Gingras AC, Zheng N, MacCoss MJ, Angers S, Moon RT. 2007. Wilms Tumor Suppressor WTX Negatively Regulates WNT/β-Catenin Signaling. Science 316(5827):1043-1046.

Marchant A, Goldman M. 2005. T cell-mediated immune responses in human newborns: ready to learn? Clin Exp Immunol 141(1):10-18.

Mihaly SR, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Morioka S. 2014. TAK1 control of cell death. Cell Death Differ 21(11):1667-1676.

Nakamura Y, de Paiva Alves E, Veenstra GJ, Hoppler S. 2016. Tissue- and stage-specific Wnt target gene expression is controlled subsequent to beta-catenin recruitment to cis-regulatory modules. Development 143(11):1914-1925.

Ogryzko VV, Schiltz RL, Russanova V, Howard BH, Nakatani Y. 1996. The Transcriptional Coactivators p300 and CBP Are Histone Acetyltransferases. Cell 87:953-959.

Roth J-F, Shikama N, Henzen C, Desbaillets I, Lutz W, Marino S. 2003a. Differential role of p300 and CBP acetyltransferase during myogenesis: p300 acts upstream of MyoD and Myf5. The EMBO journal 22(19):5186-5196.

Roth JF, Shikama N, Henzen C, Desbaillets I, Lutz W, Marino S, Wittwer J, Schorle H, Gassmann M, Eckner R. 2003b. Differential role of p300 and CBP acetyltransferase during myogenesis: p300 acts upstream of MyoD and Myf5. The EMBO journal 22(19):5186-5196.

Scholz G, Jandus C, Zhang L, Grandclement C, Lopez-Mejia IC, Soneson C, Delorenzi M, Fajas L, Held W, Dormond O, Romero P. 2016. Modulation of mTOR Signalling Triggers the Formation of Stem Cell-like Memory T Cells. EBioMedicine 4:50-61.

Schonland SO, Zimmer JK, Lopez-Benitez CM, Widmann T, Ramin KD, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. 2003. Homeostatic control of T-cell generation in neonates. Blood 102(4):1428-1434.

Semenov MV, Habas R, Macdonald BT, He X. 2007. SnapShot: Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Pathways. Cell 131(7):1378.

Shevchenko A, Wilm M, Vorm O, Mann M. 1996. Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Anal Chem 68(5):850-858.

Teo JL, Kahn M. 2010. The Wnt signaling pathway in cellular proliferation and differentiation: A tale of two coactivators. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62(12):1149-1155.
Teo JL, Ma H, Nguyen C, Lam C, Kahn M. 2005. Specific inhibition of CBP/beta-catenin interaction rescues defects in neuronal differentiation caused by a presenilin-1 mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(34):12171-12176.

Terami H, Hidaka K, Katsumata T, Iio A, Morisaki T. 2004a. Wnt11 facilitates embryonic stem cell differentiation to Nkx2.5-positive cardiomyocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 325(3):968-975.

Terami H, Hidaka K, Katsumata T, Iio A, Morisaki T. 2004b. Wnt11 facilitates embryonic stem cell differentiation to Nkx2.5-positive cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 325(3):968-975.

Thorvaldsen TE, Pedersen NM, Wenzel EM, Stenmark H. 2017. Differential Roles of AXIN1 and AXIN2 in Tankyrase Inhibitor-Induced Formation of Degradasomes and beta-Catenin Degradation. PLoS One 12(1):e0170508.

Uysal-Onganer P, Kawano Y, Caro M, Walker MM, Diez S, Darrington RS, Waxman J, Kypta RM. 2010. Wnt-11 promotes neuroendocrine-like differentiation, survival and migration of prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer 9:55.

Vrsekoop N, den Braber I, de Boer AB, Ruiter AF, Ackermans MT, van der Crabben SN, Schrijver EH, Spierenburg G, Sauerwein HP, Hazenberg MD, de Boer RJ, Miedema F, Borghans JA, Tesselaar K. 2008. Sparse production but preferential incorporation of recently produced naive T cells in the human peripheral pool. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(16):6115-6120.

World Health Organization. 2017. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data/3.2
Newborn and child mortality/Child health.

Xia Z, Guo M, Ma H. 2011. Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of CREB-binding protein using mass spectrometry and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Proteomics 11(17):3444-3451.

Xu L, Tan, J., Zhang, Y., Lai, J., Lu, Y., Yao, D., Jin, Z. Chen, S., Yang, L., Zha, X. and Li, Y. 2016. The Distribution of T Memory Stem Cells in Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood from Healthy Individuals and Patients with Leukemia/Lymphoma. Blood 128(22):3376-3378.

Xu L, Zhang Y, Luo G, Li Y. 2015. The roles of stem cell memory T cells in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 8:113.
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. Functional analysis of β-catenin immunoprecipitates. A and B) Proteins from non-stimulated C and D) or Wnt3a stimulated CD8+ T cells. A and C) Venn diagrams indicating the adult and neonatal cells exclusive and common proteins B and D) Functional analyses of neonatal (blue) and adult (red) specifically recruited proteins.</figcaption></figure>

691x370mm (96 x 96 DPI)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2. β-catenin associated proteins in Wnt-pathways. Proteins from A) non-stimulated and B) Wnt3a stimulated CD8+ T cells. Proteins only found in neonatal cells are depicted in blue, in adult cells in red and in both cells in orange. The diagram was created in Cell Designer®.</figcaption></figure>

265x297mm (96 x 96 DPI)
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Figure 3. Interactome showing a representation of protein complexes recruited by β-catenin. Complexes formed in A) adult or B) neonatal CD8+ T cells. Red circles represent proteins only recruited in immunoprecipitates from adult cells, blue circles from neonatal cells and orange circles in both samples. Image created using Cytoscape 3.5.1.</figcaption></figure>

276x295mm (96 x 96 DPI)
Gene expression

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Figure 4. Expression of genes involved in complexes' formation. Neonatal or adult naïve CD8+ T cells were left untreated or stimulated with Wnt3a for 12h. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, using GAPDH as control gene. Experiments were performed from at least 3 independent samples of neonatal or adult cells.</figcaption></figure>

*p < 0.05.

306x184mm (96 x 96 DPI)
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>Figure 5. β-catenin bound to gene promoters and gene expression. Primers were designed for a selection of TCF/LEF target genes with self-renewal, signalling or differentiation roles Upper panels: Enrichment of β-catenin to the promoters of these genes (ChIP/qPCR). Lower panels: gene expression (RT-qPCR). Experiments were repeated at least from at least 3 independent samples and evaluated as duplicates. *p <0.05.</figcaption></figure>

151x192mm (96 x 96 DPI)
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

Figure 6. β-catenin, CBP and p300 immunoblots from β-catenin immunoprecipitates. Protein extracts from non-stimulated (NS) of Wnt 3a stimulated neonatal (right panels) and adult (left panels) CD8+ T cells were immunoprecipitated with β-catenin antibodies. Representative immunoblots from A) adult cells and B) neonatal cells. C-H) Densitometric analysis of immunoblots, results are reported as means ±/sd of three independent experiments and expressed as optical density value calculated with ImageJ *p <0.05, B D) β-catenin blots E F) CBP blots G and H) p300 Blots. Experiments were performed from at least 3 independent samples of neonatal or adult cells. *p <0.05.

145x190mm (150 x 150 DPI)
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

WNT PATHWAY

* β-catenin recruited proteins include Wnt5a, which could induce wnt-calcium pathway

* β-catenin recruited proteins are part of complexes associated with cell cycle, calcium signals and chromating remodelling

* Enrichment of β-catenin in the promoters of self renewal genes

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

WNT PATHWAY

* β-catenin recruited proteins include Wnt11, which could induce wnt-cell polarity pathway

* β-catenin recruited proteins are part of complexes associated with signalling and immunological processes

* Enrichment of β-catenin in the promoters of cell-differentiation genes

<caption>Figure 7. Graphical Abstract</caption>

232x198mm (96 x 96 DPI)
<figure><img src="image_17.png" /><figcaption>Supplementary Figure 1. Representative flow cytometry evaluation of CD8+ T from neonatal and adult cells.
A) CD3/CD8 dot plots B) Depletion of memory cells in adult CD8+ T cells. All preparations gave similar results.</figcaption></figure>

254x139mm (131 x 131 DPI)
<table><caption>Supplementary Table 1. β-catenin immunoprecipitated proteins in unstimulated CD8+ T cells</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th colspan="4">Adult cells and Neonatal cells (common proteins)</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th></tr><tr><th>Gene symbol</th><th>#</th><th>UniProtKB</th><th>Gene symbol</th><th>#</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Q08117</td><td>AES</td><td>9</td><td>Q9Y5R5</td><td>DMRT2</td><td>17</td><td>Q96N16</td><td>JAKMIP1</td><td>25</td><td>P35227</td><td>PCGF2</td><td>33</td><td>Q15831</td><td>STK11</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Q6IMN6</td><td>CAPRIN2</td><td>10</td><td>O43432</td><td>EIF4G3</td><td>18</td><td>Q53G59</td><td>KLHL12</td><td>26</td><td>Q9UPQ7</td><td>PDZRN3</td><td>34</td><td>O14746</td><td>TERT</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Q9P219</td><td>CCDC88C</td><td>11</td><td>Q7Z7B0</td><td>FILIP1</td><td>19</td><td>O75197</td><td>LRP5</td><td>27</td><td>Q16512</td><td>PKN1</td><td>35</td><td>P56704</td><td>WNT3A</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Q9HCK8</td><td>CHD8</td><td>12</td><td>P34947</td><td>GRK5</td><td>20</td><td>Q9UPN3</td><td>MACF1</td><td>28</td><td>Q96P16</td><td>RPRD1A</td><td>36</td><td>A0A024R316</td><td>WNT5A</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>P48730</td><td>CSNK1D</td><td>13</td><td>P49840</td><td>GSK3A</td><td>21</td><td>Q6KC79</td><td>NIPBL</td><td>29</td><td>Q5T4F7</td><td>SFRP5</td><td>37</td><td>O00755</td><td>WNT7A</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>P35222</td><td>CTNNB1</td><td>14</td><td>P26583</td><td>HMGB2</td><td>22</td><td>Q969G9</td><td>NKD1</td><td>30</td><td>O60264</td><td>SMARCA5</td><td>38</td><td>O43296</td><td>ZNF264</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>O60716</td><td>CTNND1</td><td>15</td><td>Q9H0C8</td><td>ILKAP</td><td>23</td><td>Q5BJF6</td><td>ODF2</td><td>31</td><td>Q8NB90</td><td>SPATA5</td><td>39</td><td>A0A024RC65</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Q9NYF0</td><td>DACT1</td><td>16</td><td>P46940</td><td>IQGAP1</td><td>24</td><td>A0A024RC37</td><td>P15RS</td><td>32</td><td>P81877</td><td>SSBP2</td><td>40</td><td>B4DZB8</td><td></td></tr><tr><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th colspan="4">Adult cells (exclusive proteins)</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th></tr><tr><th>Gene symbol</th><th>#</th><th>UniProtKB</th><th>Gene symbol</th><th>#</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>P55196</td><td>AFDN</td><td>22</td><td>Q13233</td><td>MAP3K1</td><td>43</td><td>B8ZZ34</td><td>SHISA8</td><td>1</td><td>Q9NQW6</td><td>ANLN</td><td>22</td><td>Q68DV7</td><td>RNF43</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Q8N7J2</td><td>AMER2</td><td>23</td><td>Q9P0L2</td><td>MARK1</td><td>44</td><td>O95343</td><td>SIX3</td><td>2</td><td>O15169</td><td>AXIN1</td><td>23</td><td>Q9NQG5</td><td>RPRD1B</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>P25054</td><td>APC</td><td>24</td><td>P27448</td><td>MARK3</td><td>45</td><td>Q6PML9</td><td>SLC30A9</td><td>3</td><td>Q07021</td><td>C1QBP</td><td>24</td><td>P31350</td><td>RRM2</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>O95996</td><td>APC2</td><td>25</td><td>Q71F56</td><td>MED13L</td><td>46</td><td>O14745</td><td>SLC9A3R1</td><td>4</td><td>Q96B18</td><td>DACT3</td><td>25</td><td>Q9NP91</td><td>SLC6A20</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Q8IW93</td><td>ARHGEF19</td><td>26</td><td>Q99972</td><td>MYOC</td><td>47</td><td>Q9NQZ5</td><td>STARD7</td><td>5</td><td>P24534</td><td>EEF1B2</td><td>26</td><td>P51532</td><td>SMARCA4</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Q8IZT6</td><td>ASPM</td><td>27</td><td>O94916</td><td>NFAT5</td><td>48</td><td>O14907</td><td>TAX1BP3</td><td>6</td><td>Q9NPG1</td><td>FZD3</td><td>27</td><td>O95347</td><td>SMC2</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>O15234</td><td>CASC3</td><td>28</td><td>O75928</td><td>PIAS2</td><td>49</td><td>P15923</td><td>TCF3</td><td>7</td><td>O00144</td><td>FZD9</td><td>28</td><td>A0A024R158</td><td>SMC2L1</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Q3V6T2</td><td>CCDC88A</td><td>29</td><td>Q96MT3</td><td>PRICKLE1</td><td>50</td><td>P36402</td><td>TCF7</td><td>8</td><td>Q13283</td><td>G3BP1</td><td>29</td><td>Q01082</td><td>SPTBN1</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Q8ND76</td><td>CCNY</td><td>30</td><td>Q7Z3G6</td><td>PRICKLE2</td><td>51</td><td>Q6FHW4</td><td>TCF7L2</td><td>9</td><td>P62805</td><td>HIST1H4A</td><td>30</td><td>Q15583</td><td>TGIF1</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>P35638</td><td>DDIT3</td><td>31</td><td>A6NK89</td><td>RASSF10</td><td>52</td><td>Q9UKE5</td><td>TNIK</td><td>10</td><td>B2R4R0</td><td>HIST1H4L</td><td>31</td><td>Q9P2C4</td><td>TMEM181</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>P35659</td><td>DEK</td><td>32</td><td>P0DJD3</td><td>RBMY1A1</td><td>53</td><td>Q13641</td><td>TPBG</td><td>11</td><td>Q9UGU5</td><td>HMGXB4</td><td>32</td><td>P09544</td><td>WNT2</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Q155Q3</td><td>DIXDC1</td><td>33</td><td>Q8NHY2</td><td>RFWD2</td><td>54</td><td>Q70CQ2</td><td>USP34</td><td>12</td><td>P07910</td><td>HNRNPC</td><td>33</td><td>Q9H1J7</td><td>WNT5B</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Q68D97</td><td>DKFZp686C13257</td><td>34</td><td>Q05D03</td><td>RHOV</td><td>55</td><td>Q96K76</td><td>USP47</td><td>13</td><td>Q9BUJ2</td><td>HNRNPUL1</td><td>34</td><td>Q9H1J5</td><td>WNT8A</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Q14517</td><td>FAT1</td><td>35</td><td>Q01973</td><td>ROR1</td><td>56</td><td>Q93008</td><td>USP9X</td><td>14</td><td>O00410</td><td>IPO5</td><td>35</td><td>Q9UGI0</td><td>ZRANB1</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>P85037</td><td>FOXK1</td><td>36</td><td>Q01974</td><td>ROR2</td><td>57</td><td>F8W9F9</td><td>WNK2</td><td>15</td><td>A0A024R4R9</td><td>LENG8</td><td>36</td><td>B3KWG6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Q92837</td><td>FRAT1</td><td>37</td><td>Q2MKA7</td><td>RSP01</td><td>58</td><td>O14905</td><td>WNT9B</td><td>16</td><td>O75096</td><td>LRP4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Q13322</td><td>GRB10</td><td>38</td><td>P34925</td><td>RYK</td><td>59</td><td>A2A288</td><td>ZC3H12D</td><td>17</td><td>Q9BRK4</td><td>LZTS2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Q9ULT8</td><td>HECTD1</td><td>39</td><td>Q8WTS6</td><td>SETD7</td><td>60</td><td>B3KWI2</td><td></td><td>18</td><td>O75161</td><td>NPHP4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Q6PKG0</td><td>LARP1</td><td>40</td><td>Q6FHJ7</td><td>SFRP4</td><td>61</td><td>B4DN02</td><td></td><td>19</td><td>P09874</td><td>PARP1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Q9HBX8</td><td>LGR6</td><td>41</td><td>Q8N114</td><td>SHISA5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20</td><td>Q8WY48</td><td>PP2150</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>P18858</td><td>LIG1</td><td>42</td><td>A6NL88</td><td>SHISA7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>21</td><td>Q8NHQ8</td><td>RASSF8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Supplementary Table 2. β-catenin immunoprecipitated proteins in wnt3a treated CD8+ T cells</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th><th rowspan="2">#</th><th rowspan="2">UniProtKB</th><th rowspan="2">Gene symbol</th></tr><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>P55196</td><td>AFDN</td><td>82</td><td>Q5SW24</td><td>DACT2</td><td>163</td><td>Q96N16</td><td>JAKMIP1</td><td>244</td><td>Q96KR7</td><td>PHACTR3</td><td>325</td><td>O14746</td><td>TERT</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>P30838</td><td>ALDH3A1</td><td>83</td><td>Q96B18</td><td>DACT3</td><td>164</td><td>Q719H9</td><td>KCTD1</td><td>245</td><td>O75925</td><td>PIAS1</td><td>326</td><td>Q14186</td><td>TFDP1</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>P05062</td><td>ALDOB</td><td>84</td><td>O43293</td><td>DAPK3</td><td>165</td><td>Q9Y2K7</td><td>KDM2A</td><td>246</td><td>O75928</td><td>PIAS2</td><td>327</td><td>Q15583</td><td>TGIF1</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>P09972</td><td>ALDOC</td><td>85</td><td>Q9UHG0</td><td>DCDC2</td><td>166</td><td>Q8NHM5</td><td>KDM2B</td><td>247</td><td>Q8N2W9</td><td>PIAS4</td><td>328</td><td>P10828</td><td>THRB</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Q5JTC6</td><td>AMER1</td><td>86</td><td>O00571</td><td>DDX3X</td><td>167</td><td>A2VDJ0</td><td>KIAA0922</td><td>248</td><td>P14618</td><td>PKM</td><td>329</td><td>Q04724</td><td>TLE1</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Q8N7J2</td><td>AMER2</td><td>87</td><td>P35659</td><td>DEK</td><td>168</td><td>Q53G59</td><td>KLHL12</td><td>249</td><td>Q16512</td><td>PKN1</td><td>330</td><td>Q04725</td><td>TLE2</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Q8N944</td><td>AMER3</td><td>88</td><td>Q8WUY9</td><td>DEPDC1B</td><td>169</td><td>Q1ED39</td><td>KNOP1</td><td>250</td><td>Q9UPG8</td><td>PLAGL2</td><td>331</td><td>Q04726</td><td>TLE3</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Q8IY63</td><td>AMOTL1</td><td>89</td><td>Q9NRI5</td><td>DISC1</td><td>170</td><td>P13646</td><td>KRT13</td><td>251</td><td>Q9NQ55</td><td>PPAN</td><td>332</td><td>Q04727</td><td>TLE4</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Q9Y2J4</td><td>AMOTL2</td><td>90</td><td>Q155Q3</td><td>DIXDC1</td><td>171</td><td>P08729</td><td>KRT7</td><td>252</td><td>Q96MT3</td><td>PRICKLE1</td><td>333</td><td>Q8N4V6</td><td>TMEM181</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Q9Y2G4</td><td>ANKRD6</td><td>91</td><td>Q659G9</td><td>DKFZp586H0919</td><td>172</td><td>Q6PKG0</td><td>LARP1</td><td>253</td><td>Q7Z3G6</td><td>PRICKLE2</td><td>334</td><td>Q66K66</td><td>TMEM198</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Q9NQW6</td><td>ANLN</td><td>92</td><td>Q68D97</td><td>DKFZp686C13257</td><td>173</td><td>Q9NRM7</td><td>LATS2</td><td>254</td><td>Q13131</td><td>PRKAA1</td><td>335</td><td>Q96Q45</td><td>TMEM237</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Q96CW1</td><td>AP2M1</td><td>93</td><td>Q94907</td><td>DKK1</td><td>174</td><td>Q9UJU2</td><td>LEF1</td><td>255</td><td>P54646</td><td>PRKAA2</td><td>336</td><td>P42167</td><td>TMPO</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>P25054</td><td>APC</td><td>94</td><td>Q9UBU2</td><td>DKK2</td><td>175</td><td>A0A024R4R9</td><td>LENG8</td><td>256</td><td>Q86TP1</td><td>PRUNE1</td><td>337</td><td>Q9UKE5</td><td>TNIK</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>O95996</td><td>APC2</td><td>95</td><td>Q9UBP4</td><td>DKK3</td><td>176</td><td>Q8WVC0</td><td>LEO1</td><td>257</td><td>O00487</td><td>PSMD14</td><td>338</td><td>O95271</td><td>TNKS</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Q8J025</td><td>APCDD1</td><td>96</td><td>Q9UK85</td><td>DKKL1</td><td>177</td><td>Q9BXB1</td><td>LGR4</td><td>258</td><td>Q13308</td><td>PTK7</td><td>339</td><td>Q13641</td><td>TPBG</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Q8IW93</td><td>ARHGEF19</td><td>97</td><td>Q96QB1</td><td>DLC1</td><td>178</td><td>Q9HBX8</td><td>LGR6</td><td>259</td><td>Q5T170</td><td>PYGO2</td><td>340</td><td>P60174</td><td>TPI1</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Q9H0F7</td><td>ARL6</td><td>98</td><td>Q9Y5R5</td><td>DMRT2</td><td>179</td><td>P18858</td><td>LIG1</td><td>260</td><td>Q9H0H5</td><td>RACGAP1</td><td>341</td><td>Q86V40</td><td>TRABD2A</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Q8IUR7</td><td>ARMC8</td><td>99</td><td>Q9NX36</td><td>DNAJC28</td><td>180</td><td>Q9UGP4</td><td>LIMD1</td><td>261</td><td>P63244</td><td>RACK1</td><td>342</td><td>Q6PKC3</td><td>TXNDC11</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Q9P291</td><td>ARMCX1</td><td>100</td><td>A6NLW8</td><td>DUXA</td><td>181</td><td>Q9H9Z2</td><td>LIN28A</td><td>262</td><td>P13631</td><td>RARG</td><td>343</td><td>Q9NNW7</td><td>TXNRD2</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Q9UH62</td><td>ARMCX3</td><td>101</td><td>P54792</td><td>DVL1P1</td><td>182</td><td>Q8NG48</td><td>LINS1</td><td>263</td><td>A6NK89</td><td>RASSF10</td><td>344</td><td>Q86VQ6</td><td>TXNRD3</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>O00327</td><td>ARNTL</td><td>102</td><td>O14641</td><td>DVL2</td><td>183</td><td>Q8N448</td><td>LNX2</td><td>264</td><td>Q9BYM8</td><td>RBCK1</td><td>345</td><td>O94888</td><td>UBXN7</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>P50553</td><td>ASCL1</td><td>103</td><td>Q92997</td><td>DVL3</td><td>184</td><td>Q7Z4F1</td><td>LRP10</td><td>265</td><td>P0DJD3</td><td>RBMY1A1</td><td>346</td><td>Q14694</td><td>USP10</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Q8IZT6</td><td>ASPM</td><td>104</td><td>Q9HAK2</td><td>EBF2</td><td>185</td><td>O75096</td><td>LRP4</td><td>266</td><td>P49796</td><td>RGS3</td><td>347</td><td>P54578</td><td>USP14</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>L8B567</td><td>ATL1-y</td><td>105</td><td>Q9H8V3</td><td>ECT2</td><td>186</td><td>O75197</td><td>LRP5</td><td>267</td><td>Q7L0Q8</td><td>RHOU</td><td>348</td><td>Q70CQ2</td><td>USP34</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>O75787</td><td>ATP6AP2</td><td>106</td><td>P29692</td><td>EEF1D</td><td>187</td><td>O75581</td><td>LRP6</td><td>268</td><td>Q96L33</td><td>RHOV</td><td>349</td><td>Q96K76</td><td>USP47</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Q9Y2T1</td><td>AXIN2</td><td>107</td><td>O43432</td><td>EIF4G3</td><td>188</td><td>Q9Y608</td><td>LRRFIP2</td><td>269</td><td>Q63HN8</td><td>RNF213</td><td>350</td><td>Q93009</td><td>USP7</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Q9HBU1</td><td>BARX1</td><td>108</td><td>Q9BXX0</td><td>EMILIN2</td><td>189</td><td>Q6UWE0</td><td>LRSAM1</td><td>270</td><td>Q5VTB9</td><td>RNF220</td><td>351</td><td>Q93008</td><td>USP9X</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Q9C0K0</td><td>BCL11B</td><td>109</td><td>Q90472</td><td>EP300</td><td>190</td><td>Q86X29</td><td>LSR</td><td>271</td><td>Q96EP0</td><td>RNF31</td><td>352</td><td>Q9ULK5</td><td>VANGL2</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>O00512</td><td>BCL9</td><td>110</td><td>Q9Y6I3</td><td>EPN1</td><td>191</td><td>Q86Y78</td><td>LYPD6</td><td>272</td><td>Q68DV7</td><td>RNF43</td><td>353</td><td>Q9UIW0</td><td>VAX2</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Q86UU0</td><td>BCL9L</td><td>111</td><td>Q14517</td><td>FAT1</td><td>192</td><td>Q9BRK4</td><td>LZTS2</td><td>273</td><td>B1APY4</td><td>ROR2</td><td>354</td><td>O95231</td><td>VENTX</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Q9H694</td><td>BICC1</td><td>112</td><td>Q96IG2</td><td>FBXL20</td><td>193</td><td>Q9UPN3</td><td>MACF1</td><td>274</td><td>Q96P16</td><td>RPRD1A</td><td>355</td><td>O75436</td><td>VPS26A</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Q9H2G9</td><td>BLZF1</td><td>113</td><td>Q9UKB1</td><td>FBXW11</td><td>194</td><td>Q13233</td><td>MAP3K1</td><td>275</td><td>P31350</td><td>RRM2</td><td>356</td><td>Q96QK1</td><td>VPS35</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>P12643</td><td>BMP2</td><td>114</td><td>P16591</td><td>FER</td><td>195</td><td>P27816</td><td>MAP4</td><td>276</td><td>Q6UXX9</td><td>RSP02</td><td>357</td><td>Q9GZS3</td><td>WDR61</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Q9NPI1</td><td>BRD7</td><td>115</td><td>Q96AC1</td><td>FERMT2</td><td>196</td><td>P45984</td><td>MAPK9</td><td>277</td><td>Q9BXY4</td><td>RSP03</td><td>358</td><td>O95388</td><td>WISP1</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Q9Y297</td><td>BTRC</td><td>116</td><td>Q7Z7B0</td><td>FILIP1</td><td>197</td><td>Q9P0L2</td><td>MARK1</td><td>278</td><td>Q92541</td><td>RTF1</td><td>359</td><td>O76076</td><td>WISP2</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>A0A024R6P6</td><td>C14orf129</td><td>117</td><td>Q8NFG4</td><td>FLCN</td><td>198</td><td>Q7KZI7</td><td>MARK2</td><td>279</td><td>Q9UL12</td><td>SARDH</td><td>360</td><td>O95389</td><td>WISP3</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Q07021</td><td>C1QBP</td><td>118</td><td>P21333</td><td>FLNA</td><td>199</td><td>P27448</td><td>MARK3</td><td>280</td><td>Q8N9R8</td><td>SCAI</td><td>361</td><td>Q9Y3S1</td><td>WNK2</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Q49A92</td><td>C8orf34</td><td>119</td><td>P85037</td><td>FOXK1</td><td>200</td><td>P23508</td><td>MCC</td><td>281</td><td>Q6P3W7</td><td>SCYL2</td><td>362</td><td>P04628</td><td>WNT1</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Q6IMN6</td><td>CAPRIN2</td><td>120</td><td>O75474</td><td>FRAT2</td><td>201</td><td>Q14676</td><td>MDC1</td><td>282</td><td>Q9HC62</td><td>SENP2</td><td>363</td><td>O00744</td><td>WNT10B</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>O15234</td><td>CASC3</td><td>121</td><td>D9ZGF6</td><td>FRZB</td><td>202</td><td>Q99750</td><td>MDFI</td><td>283</td><td>O15047</td><td>SETD1A</td><td>364</td><td>P09544</td><td>WNT2</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>O95931</td><td>CBX7</td><td>122</td><td>Q8N475</td><td>FSTL5</td><td>203</td><td>Q9P1T7</td><td>MDFIC</td><td>284</td><td>Q15047</td><td>SETDB1</td><td>365</td><td>Q93097</td><td>WNT2B</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>A6NI87</td><td>CBY3</td><td>123</td><td>Q9UP38</td><td>FZD1</td><td>204</td><td>Q93074</td><td>MED12</td><td>285</td><td>Q5T4F7</td><td>SFRP5</td><td>366</td><td>P56703</td><td>WNT3</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>Q8IIX12</td><td>CCAR1</td><td>124</td><td>Q9ULW2</td><td>FZD10</td><td>205</td><td>Q71F56</td><td>MED13L</td><td>286</td><td>Q9H788</td><td>SH2D4A</td><td>367</td><td>P56704</td><td>WNT3A</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Q8N163</td><td>CCAR2</td><td>125</td><td>Q86UZ8</td><td>FZD2</td><td>206</td><td>Q9BY79</td><td>MFRP</td><td>287</td><td>Q6ZSJ9</td><td>SHISA6</td><td>368</td><td>Q9Y6F9</td><td>WNT6</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>Q3V6T2</td><td>CCDC88A</td><td>126</td><td>Q9NPG1</td><td>FZD3</td><td>207</td><td>A0A024R483</td><td>MGC99813</td><td>288</td><td>A6NL88</td><td>SHISA7</td><td>369</td><td>O00755</td><td>WNT7A</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>Q9P219</td><td>CCDC88C</td><td>127</td><td>Q9ULV1</td><td>FZD4</td><td>208</td><td>Q9H2W2</td><td>MIXL1</td><td>289</td><td>B8ZZ34</td><td>SHISA8</td><td>370</td><td>P56706</td><td>WNT7B</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>P24863</td><td>CCNC</td><td>128</td><td>A0A024R9E9</td><td>FZD6</td><td>209</td><td>P50281</td><td>MMP14</td><td>290</td><td>O95343</td><td>SIX3</td><td>371</td><td>Q9H1J5</td><td>WNT8A</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>Q8ND76</td><td>CCNY</td><td>129</td><td>Q9H461</td><td>FZD8</td><td>210</td><td>Q99972</td><td>MYOC</td><td>291</td><td>Q6PML9</td><td>SLC30A9</td><td>372</td><td>Q93098</td><td>WNT8B</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tbody><tr><td>49</td><td>O95400</td><td>CD2BP2</td><td>130</td><td>O00144</td><td>FZD9</td><td>211</td><td>Q00604</td><td>NDP</td><td>292</td><td>O14745</td><td>SLC9A3R1</td><td>373</td><td>D9ZGG3</td><td>WNT9A</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>Q6P1J9</td><td>CDC73</td><td>131</td><td>Q13283</td><td>G3BP1</td><td>212</td><td>Q9UQ49</td><td>NEU3</td><td>293</td><td>O00193</td><td>SMAP</td><td>374</td><td>A6NIX2</td><td>WTIP</td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>O94921</td><td>CDK14</td><td>132</td><td>P08151</td><td>GLI1</td><td>213</td><td>O94916</td><td>NFAT5</td><td>294</td><td>P51532</td><td>SMARCA4</td><td>375</td><td>Q9NZC7</td><td>WWOX</td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>Q00535</td><td>CDK5</td><td>133</td><td>Q9BZE0</td><td>GLIS2</td><td>214</td><td>Q13469</td><td>NFATC2</td><td>295</td><td>O60264</td><td>SMARCA5</td><td>376</td><td>P98170</td><td>XIAP</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>P49336</td><td>CDK8</td><td>134</td><td>P15104</td><td>GLUL</td><td>215</td><td>Q6KC79</td><td>NIPBL</td><td>296</td><td>O95347</td><td>SMC2</td><td>377</td><td>P63104</td><td>YWHAZ</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>Q9NYQ7</td><td>CELSR3</td><td>135</td><td>P30679</td><td>GNA15</td><td>216</td><td>Q969G9</td><td>NKD1</td><td>297</td><td>A0A024R158</td><td>SMC2L1</td><td>378</td><td>Q96IU2</td><td>ZBED3</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>Q8WUJ3</td><td>CEMIP</td><td>136</td><td>P35052</td><td>GPC1</td><td>217</td><td>Q969F2</td><td>NKD2</td><td>298</td><td>Q99835</td><td>SMO</td><td>379</td><td>Q9Y330</td><td>ZBTB12</td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>Q9HCK8</td><td>CHD8</td><td>137</td><td>Q13322</td><td>GRB10</td><td>218</td><td>Q9NVX2</td><td>NLE1</td><td>299</td><td>O60493</td><td>SNX3</td><td>380</td><td>Q86T24</td><td>ZBTB33</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>Q9NPF2</td><td>CHST11</td><td>138</td><td>P34947</td><td>GRK5</td><td>219</td><td>Q9UBE8</td><td>NLK</td><td>300</td><td>Q9BQB4</td><td>SOST</td><td>381</td><td>A2A288</td><td>ZC3H12D</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>Q9Y471</td><td>CMAHP</td><td>139</td><td>P43250</td><td>GRK6</td><td>220</td><td>Q15233</td><td>NONO</td><td>301</td><td>O15370</td><td>SOX12</td><td>382</td><td>Q8TBF4</td><td>ZCRB1</td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>P39060</td><td>COL18A1</td><td>140</td><td>P49840</td><td>GSK3A</td><td>221</td><td>Q7Z494</td><td>NPHP3</td><td>302</td><td>Q9UN79</td><td>SOX13</td><td>383</td><td>O43296</td><td>ZNF264</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>P48729</td><td>CSNK1A1</td><td>141</td><td>P49841</td><td>GSK3B</td><td>222</td><td>Q75161</td><td>NPHP4</td><td>303</td><td>O60248</td><td>SOX15</td><td>384</td><td>Q9ULT6</td><td>ZNRF3</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>Q8N752</td><td>CSNK1A1L</td><td>142</td><td>Q9P0R6</td><td>GSKIP</td><td>223</td><td>F1D8N7</td><td>NR1A2</td><td>304</td><td>Q8NB90</td><td>SPATA5</td><td>385</td><td>Q9UGI0</td><td>ZRANB1</td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>P48730</td><td>CSNK1D</td><td>143</td><td>O60381</td><td>HPB1</td><td>224</td><td>F1D8P1</td><td>NR1B3</td><td>305</td><td>Q496A3</td><td>SPATS1</td><td>386</td><td>B3KW12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>63</td><td>P49674</td><td>CSNK1E</td><td>144</td><td>Q9UBI9</td><td>HECA</td><td>225</td><td>F1D8T1</td><td>NR2A1</td><td>306</td><td>A0A024R297</td><td>SPIN</td><td>387</td><td>B3KW36</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>Q9HCP0</td><td>CSNK1G1</td><td>145</td><td>Q9ULT8</td><td>HECTD1</td><td>226</td><td>O00482</td><td>NR5A2</td><td>307</td><td>Q9Y657</td><td>SPIN1</td><td>388</td><td>B4DZB8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>P78368</td><td>CSNK1G2</td><td>146</td><td>V9HVY3</td><td>HEL-S-269</td><td>227</td><td>P04629</td><td>NTRK1</td><td>308</td><td>Q01082</td><td>SPTBN1</td><td>389</td><td>A0A024RC65</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>Q9Y6M4</td><td>CSNK1G3</td><td>147</td><td>Q14526</td><td>HIC1</td><td>228</td><td>Q9H1E3</td><td>NUCKS1</td><td>309</td><td>Q9BXP5</td><td>SRRT</td><td>390</td><td>B3KWG6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>P68400</td><td>CSNK2A1</td><td>148</td><td>Q9H2X6</td><td>HIPK2</td><td>229</td><td>Q6DKJ4</td><td>NXN</td><td>310</td><td>Q13242</td><td>SRSF9</td><td>391</td><td>Q59ER8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>68</td><td>P19784</td><td>CSNK2A2</td><td>149</td><td>P26583</td><td>HMGB2</td><td>230</td><td>Q5BJF6</td><td>ODF2</td><td>311</td><td>P81877</td><td>SSBP2</td><td>392</td><td>B7Z3D2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>Q9UI47</td><td>CTNNAA3</td><td>150</td><td>O15347</td><td>HMGB3</td><td>231</td><td>O75665</td><td>OFD1</td><td>312</td><td>P15831</td><td>STK11</td><td>393</td><td>A8K4L6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>P35222</td><td>CTNNB1</td><td>151</td><td>Q9UGU5</td><td>HMGXB4</td><td>232</td><td>Q99784</td><td>OLFM1</td><td>313</td><td>Q13188</td><td>STK3</td><td>394</td><td>B2RE34</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>O60716</td><td>CTNND</td><td>152</td><td>P41235</td><td>HNF4A</td><td>233</td><td>Q96BN8</td><td>OTULIN</td><td>314</td><td>P16949</td><td>STMN1</td><td>395</td><td>A0A140VJV5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>Q9UQB3</td><td>CTNND2</td><td>153</td><td>P07910</td><td>HNRNPC</td><td>234</td><td>A0A024RC37</td><td>P15RS</td><td>315</td><td>Q8IWU6</td><td>SULF1</td><td>396</td><td>B4DN02</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>73</td><td>Q6PD62</td><td>CTR9</td><td>154</td><td>Q9BUJ2</td><td>HNRNPUL1</td><td>235</td><td>Q8N7H5</td><td>PAF1</td><td>316</td><td>O75478</td><td>TADA2A</td><td>397</td><td>B3KX42</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>Q13616</td><td>CUL1</td><td>155</td><td>P31270</td><td>HOXA11</td><td>236</td><td>Q96013</td><td>PAK4</td><td>317</td><td>A0A024R0Y4</td><td>TADA2L</td><td>398</td><td>Q59EF7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>75</td><td>Q7LFL8</td><td>CXXC5</td><td>156</td><td>Q9H0C8</td><td>ILKAP</td><td>237</td><td>P09874</td><td>PARP1</td><td>318</td><td>O60907</td><td>TBL1X</td><td>399</td><td>Q53GP3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>76</td><td>Q9NQC7</td><td>CYLD</td><td>157</td><td>Q9Y283</td><td>INVS</td><td>238</td><td>Q8N6Y1</td><td>PCDH20</td><td>319</td><td>P15923</td><td>TCF3</td><td>400</td><td>Q8N2N3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>77</td><td>P04798</td><td>CYP1A1</td><td>158</td><td>O00410</td><td>IPO5</td><td>239</td><td>P35227</td><td>PCGF2</td><td>320</td><td>P36402</td><td>TCF7</td><td>401</td><td>B3KQX9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>78</td><td>Q9Y4D1</td><td>DAAM1</td><td>159</td><td>P46940</td><td>IQGAP1</td><td>240</td><td>P30101</td><td>PDIA3</td><td>321</td><td>Q9HCS4</td><td>TCF7L1</td><td>402</td><td>B3KSZ7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>Q86T65</td><td>DAAM2</td><td>160</td><td>Q6DN90</td><td>IQSEC1</td><td>241</td><td>Q9UPQ7</td><td>PDZRN3</td><td>322</td><td>C6ZRJ7</td><td>TCF7L2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>P98082</td><td>DAB2</td><td>161</td><td>Q96J02</td><td>ITCH</td><td>242</td><td>W0S0X4</td><td>PE1Fe3</td><td>323</td><td>Q13569</td><td>TDG</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>81</td><td>Q9NYF0</td><td>DACT1</td><td>162</td><td>Q6IE81</td><td>JADE1</td><td>243</td><td>Q99471</td><td>PFDN5</td><td>324</td><td>Q15554</td><td>TERF2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th colspan="6">Adult cells stimulated with wnt3a (exclusive proteins)</th><th colspan="6">Neonatal cells stimulated with wnt3a (exclusive proteins)</th></tr><tr><th>#</th><th>UniProtKB</th><th>Gene symbol</th><th>#</th><th>UniProtKB</th><th>Gene symbol</th><th>#</th><th>UniProtKB</th><th>Gene symbol</th><th>#</th><th>UniProtKB</th><th>Gene symbol</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Q96BJ3</td><td>AIDA</td><td>28</td><td>A0A024R2Z8</td><td>PTHR1</td><td>1</td><td>Q9Y4X0</td><td>AMMECR1</td><td>28</td><td>Q9NTX7</td><td>RNF146</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Q13145</td><td>BAMBI</td><td>29</td><td>P20472</td><td>PVALB</td><td>2</td><td>Q8NEY4</td><td>ATP6V1C2</td><td>29</td><td>Q2MKA7</td><td>RSP01</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Q9NR00</td><td>C8orf4</td><td>30</td><td>Q9Y3Y4</td><td>PYGO1</td><td>3</td><td>O15169</td><td>AXIN1</td><td>30</td><td>P29622</td><td>SERPINA4</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Q99966</td><td>CITED1</td><td>31</td><td>Q8WVD3</td><td>RNF138</td><td>4</td><td>Q9BQE9</td><td>BCL7B</td><td>31</td><td>Q9NPC8</td><td>SIX2</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Q9H2H0</td><td>CXXC4</td><td>32</td><td>Q01973</td><td>ROR1</td><td>5</td><td>Q53F96</td><td>CD2</td><td>32</td><td>Q6STE5</td><td>SMARCD3</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>P35638</td><td>DDIT3</td><td>33</td><td>Q9NQG5</td><td>RPRD1B</td><td>6</td><td>Q9UI36</td><td>DACH1</td><td>33</td><td>Q95863</td><td>SNAI1</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Q68DS0</td><td>DKFZp781N011</td><td>34</td><td>P34925</td><td>RYK</td><td>7</td><td>Q9NSR3</td><td>DKFZp761O2023</td><td>34</td><td>Q9BT81</td><td>SOX7</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Q9UBT3</td><td>DKK4</td><td>35</td><td>Q8N474</td><td>SFRP1</td><td>8</td><td>Q9UM22</td><td>EPDR1</td><td>35</td><td>A0A024R9Y9</td><td>SPIN-2</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>O14640</td><td>DVL1</td><td>36</td><td>Q6UW14</td><td>SHISA2</td><td>9</td><td>Q6UWV7</td><td>FAM159A</td><td>36</td><td>Q9BPZ2</td><td>SPIN2B</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Q92837</td><td>FRAT1</td><td>37</td><td>Q8N114</td><td>SHISA5</td><td>10</td><td>Q9NZH0</td><td>GPRC5B</td><td>37</td><td>Q15532</td><td>SS18</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>P22083</td><td>FUT4</td><td>38</td><td>B4DS77</td><td>SHISA9</td><td>11</td><td>P18283</td><td>GPX2</td><td>38</td><td>Q9NQZ5</td><td>STARD7</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Q13467</td><td>FZD5</td><td>39</td><td>P63208</td><td>SKP1</td><td>12</td><td>P62805</td><td>HIST1H4A</td><td>39</td><td>Q9Y3Q3</td><td>TMED3</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>V9HWB8</td><td>HEL-S-30</td><td>40</td><td>Q9NP91</td><td>SLC6A20</td><td>13</td><td>B2R4R0</td><td>HIST1H4L</td><td>40</td><td>Q9NS68</td><td>TNFRSF19</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Q15011</td><td>HERPUD1</td><td>41</td><td>Q6X4U4</td><td>SOSTDC1</td><td>14</td><td>A0A024R5B2</td><td>MARK2</td><td>41</td><td>A6NFA1</td><td>TRABD2B</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Q03014</td><td>HHEX</td><td>42</td><td>Q8NA61</td><td>SPERT</td><td>15</td><td>Q96J80</td><td>MERP1</td><td>42</td><td>O95859</td><td>TSPAN12</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>D3DWI5</td><td>JRK</td><td>43</td><td>Q2MJR0</td><td>SPRED3</td><td>16</td><td>Q9BRJ9</td><td>MESP1</td><td>43</td><td>Q9GZT5</td><td>WNT10A</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Q96MU8</td><td>KREMEN1</td><td>44</td><td>Q8N2I9</td><td>STK40</td><td>17</td><td>P50579</td><td>METAP2</td><td>44</td><td>A4D0W7</td><td>WNT16</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Q8NCW0</td><td>KREMEN2</td><td>45</td><td>Q9BX79</td><td>STRA6</td><td>18</td><td>P17050</td><td>NAGA</td><td>45</td><td>Q9UBV4</td><td>WNT16</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>19</td><td>O75473</td><td>LGR5</td><td>46</td><td>Q06520</td><td>SULT2A1</td><td>19</td><td>Q6VVB1</td><td>NHLRC1</td><td>46</td><td>P41221</td><td>WNT5A</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>O43318</td><td>MAP3K7</td><td>47</td><td>Q15750</td><td>TAB1</td><td>20</td><td>Q6P988</td><td>NOTUM</td><td>47</td><td>B3KWB6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Q14696</td><td>MESDC2</td><td>48</td><td>Q92734</td><td>TFG</td><td>21</td><td>Q9P2E7</td><td>PCDH10</td><td>48</td><td>B7Z5Q3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>O15146</td><td>MUSK</td><td>49</td><td>O43294</td><td>TGFB1I1</td><td>22</td><td>Q7Z2D5</td><td>PLPPR4</td><td>49</td><td>Q59G99</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Q9UN36</td><td>NDRG2</td><td>50</td><td>I3L2J3</td><td>TMEM88</td><td>23</td><td>P49768</td><td>PSEN1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>P35372</td><td>OPRM1</td><td>51</td><td>Q5T9L3</td><td>WLS</td><td>24</td><td>A0A024R136</td><td>RACGAP1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>P11309</td><td>PIM1</td><td>52</td><td>O96014</td><td>WNT11</td><td>25</td><td>Q8NHQ8</td><td>RASSF8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>P62136</td><td>PPP1CA</td><td>53</td><td>A5Y0M9</td><td></td><td>26</td><td>Q8NHY2</td><td>RFWD2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Q03431</td><td>PTH1R</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>27</td><td>A0A024R841</td><td>RGS3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><caption>Supplementary Table 3. Primers used for real-time PCR</caption><thead><tr><th>Genes</th><th colspan="2">Gene transcription primers (5' to 3')</th></tr><tr><th></th><th>Forward</th><th>Reverse</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>CCND1</td><td>AGTTGCAAAGTCCTGGAGCC</td><td>GATGGTTTCCACTTCGCAGC</td></tr><tr><td>BIRC5</td><td>AGGACCACCGCATCTCTACA</td><td>TGTTCCTCTATGGGTCGTCA</td></tr><tr><td>POU5F1</td><td>TCGCAAGCCCTCATTTCCACC</td><td>TTGGAAGCTTAGCCAGGTCC</td></tr><tr><td>S100A4</td><td>TCTTGGTTTGATCCTGACTGCT</td><td>ACTTGTCACCCTCTTTGCCC</td></tr><tr><td>cJUN</td><td>GGAGACAAGTGGCAGAGTCC</td><td>CCAAGTTCAACAACCGGTGC</td></tr><tr><td>FRA1</td><td>AACCCTCCTCGCTTTGTGAG</td><td>GAAACAGTGGGCAGCTTTGG</td></tr><tr><td>FOS</td><td>CTGGCGTTGTGAAGACCATGA</td><td>TCTAGTTGGTCTGTCTCCGCT</td></tr><tr><td>AXIN2</td><td>ACACCGATAGAGGGGTGGAA</td><td>CCACCGACCACGTTTCTGTA</td></tr><tr><td>GZMB</td><td>AGCCTGCACCAAAGTCTCAA</td><td>TTTCATTACAGCGGGGGCTT</td></tr><tr><td>PRDM1</td><td>AGTGTTGCGGAGAGGCAAG</td><td>CCCACACGTTTTTCCAAGCAA</td></tr><tr><td>NKD1</td><td>TGAGGACCACTCTCCTACGG</td><td>AGGGTCCTCTACTGTCGTCC</td></tr><tr><td>SFRP1</td><td>CTTCTACTGGCCCGAGATGC</td><td>ATCCTCAGTGCAAACTCGCTG</td></tr><tr><td>MAP3K7</td><td>TGGTGCTGAACCATTGCCA</td><td>CTGCAACCAGCAGTAAGTTTGG</td></tr><tr><td>WNT11</td><td>GCCCACCACATGGAATCACT</td><td>AGTTCACTTGACGAGGCCG</td></tr><tr><td>AXIN1</td><td>CAAGCAGAGGTATGTGCAGGA</td><td>CACAACGATGCTGTCACACG</td></tr><tr><td>PSEN1</td><td>AAGCGTATACCTAATCTGGGAGC</td><td>CTGCCGTTCTCTATTGTCATTCTG</td></tr><tr><th>Genes</th><th colspan="2">DNA promoter primers (5' to 3')</th></tr><tr><th></th><th>Forward</th><th>Reverse</th></tr><tr><td>CCND1</td><td>ATTCTTTGGCCGTCTGTCCG</td><td>GAGACCACGAGAAGGGGTGA</td></tr><tr><td>BIRC5</td><td>TTTGAAAGCAGTCGAGGGGG</td><td>GTGTGCCGGGAGTTGTAGTC</td></tr><tr><td>POU5F1</td><td>GAGGTCAAGGCTAGTGGGTG</td><td>CGAGAAGGCGAAATCCGAAG</td></tr><tr><td>S100A4</td><td>CCCCCTAGCTTTTTGTGTCACC</td><td>ATGGGGGACAGGGAGTAGT</td></tr><tr><td>cJUN</td><td>GGGAAACAACAACCACCCCT</td><td>GACTGTCTAGTGACGGTGGC</td></tr><tr><td>FRA1</td><td>CAGAAACGGAGGTTAGCCCA</td><td>CTGACGTAGCTGCCCATACA</td></tr><tr><td>FOS</td><td>AACGATCCTGCCACGGACAT</td><td>CTGAAGGGATAACGGGAACGC</td></tr><tr><td>AXIN2</td><td>CTGTGGGTGGAGAAATGCCC</td><td>CCCTACTCCACCCCTCTAGC</td></tr><tr><td>GZMB</td><td>AAAGCGTCTTCAAAATCATAGCTGA</td><td>GCTGGAATTCTACAGGGTAGGAG</td></tr><tr><td>PRDM1</td><td>GGGCGATCTGGAGTGTTTAGA</td><td>GAGAGCTTCCTCTCTTCGCAT</td></tr><tr><td>NKD1</td><td>GGGAAGACTGGGAAAAGGCA</td><td>TCCGCTCCACGTTCTCTCTA</td></tr></tbody></table>