# Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction

Yuko Murayama, Dimiter Velev, Plamena Zlateva, Jose J. Gonzalez

► To cite this version:

Yuko Murayama, Dimiter Velev, Plamena Zlateva, Jose J. Gonzalez. Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction: First IFIP TC 5 DCDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016, Sofia, Bulgaria, November 16–18, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, AICT-501, 2017, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 978-3-319-68485-7. 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4. hal-03213112

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Editor-in-Chief

Kai Rannenberg, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Editorial Board

TC 1 – Foundations of Computer Science
*Jacques Sakarovitch, Télécom ParisTech, France*

TC 2 – Software: Theory and Practice
*Michael Goedicke, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany*

TC 3 – Education
*Arthur Tatnall, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia*

TC 5 – Information Technology Applications
*Erich J. Neuhold, University of Vienna, Austria*

TC 6 – Communication Systems
*Aiko Pras, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands*

TC 7 – System Modeling and Optimization
*Fredi Tröltzsch, TU Berlin, Germany*

TC 8 – Information Systems
*Jan Pries-Heje, Roskilde University, Denmark*

TC 9 – ICT and Society
*Diane Whitehouse, The Castlegate Consultancy, Malton, UK*

TC 10 – Computer Systems Technology
*Ricardo Reis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil*

TC 11 – Security and Privacy Protection in Information Processing Systems
*Steven Furnell, Plymouth University, UK*

TC 12 – Artificial Intelligence
*Ulrich Furbach, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany*

TC 13 – Human-Computer Interaction
*Marco Winckler, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France*

TC 14 – Entertainment Computing
*Matthias Rauterberg, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands*
# IFIP – The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the first World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. A federation for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing in the countries of its members and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states:

> IFIP is the global non-profit federation of societies of ICT professionals that aims at achieving a worldwide professional and socially responsible development and application of information and communication technologies.

IFIP is a non-profit-making organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees and working groups, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from large international open conferences to working conferences and local seminars.

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high.

As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is generally smaller and occasionally by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is also rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers.

IFIP distinguishes three types of institutional membership: Country Representative Members, Members at Large, and Associate Members. The type of organization that can apply for membership is a wide variety and includes national or international societies of individual computer scientists/ICT professionals, associations or federations of such societies, government institutions/government related organizations, national or international research institutes or consortia, universities, academies of sciences, companies, national or international associations or federations of companies.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6102
Yuko Murayama · Dimiter Velev
Plamena Zlateva · Jose J. Gonzalez (Eds.)

# Information Technology
in Disaster Risk Reduction

First IFIP TC 5 DCITDRR International Conference, ITDRR 2016
Sofia, Bulgaria, November 16–18, 2016
Revised Selected Papers

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Springer
Editors

Yuko Murayama

Tsuda University

Tokyo

Japan

Plamena Zlateva

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Sofia

Bulgaria

Dimiter Velev

Jose J. Gonzalez

University of National and World Economy

University of Agder

Sofia

Grimstad

Bulgaria

Norway

ISSN 1868-4238

ISSN 1868-422X (electronic)

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

ISBN 978-3-319-68485-7

ISBN 978-3-319-68486-4 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017959617

© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2017

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature

The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG

The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
# Preface

The effects of disasters are very serious and it may take a very long time to recover from the destruction caused. The ensuing damage can be severe and offering relief may lead to expenses in the range of billions of euros. The occurrence of natural disasters has increased in the past few years and it is expected that their frequency will continue in the coming years.

Owing to the multidisciplinary nature of work in the field of disaster risk reduction, people from various backgrounds are included in this field of research and activity. Their backgrounds are likely to include industry, diverse geographical and global settings, not-for-profit organizations, agriculture, marine life, welfare, risk management, safety engineering, and social networking services.

At present, at global and national levels, a wide range of scientific and applied research activity is conducted in the area of disaster risk reduction concerning individual types of disasters. Modern information and communication technologies (ICT) can facilitate significantly the decision-making processes from the point of view of disaster risk reduction.

Following the increasing number of disasters worldwide and the growing potential of both ICT and ICT expertise, at its General Assembly held during October 8–9, 2015 at the Daejeon Convention Center, Daejeon, Korea, the IFIP established the Domain Committee on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction in order to:

* Promote disaster risk reduction within the ICT community

* Provide an additional opportunity for IFIP members to work with other specialized bodies such as the UN, UNISDR, ICSU, ITU, and ISCRAM

* Coordinate the efforts of member societies as well as different Technical Committees and Working Groups of IFIP in the disaster-related field

The disaster support offered by the Domain Committee is based on the following major pillars:

* Information acquisition and provision

* Shelter information management for local governments

* Disaster information systems

* State-of-the-art ICT (such as the Internet of Things, mobile computing, big data, and cloud computing).

IFIP's Domain Committee on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction organized the First IFIP Conference on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction (ITDRR 2016), during November 16–18, 2016, at the University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria.

ITDRR 2016 provided an international forum for researchers and practitioners to present their latest R&D findings and innovations. The conference was especially focused on various ICT aspects and the challenges of coping with disaster risk
reduction. The main topics included areas such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things and natural disasters, mobile computing, emergency management, disaster information processing, disaster risk assessment and management, and disaster management simulation.

ITDRR 2016 invited experts, researchers, academicians and all others who were interested in disseminating their work to attend the conference. The conference established an academic environment that fostered the dialogue and exchange of ideas among different levels of academic, research, business, and public communities.

The Program Committee received 52 paper submissions, out of which 20 research papers were finally accepted. We are particularly grateful therefore to the members of the Program Committee, and the many reviewers of papers, for their dedication in helping to produce this volume.

August 2017

Yuko Murayama

Dimiter Velev

Plamena Zlateva

Jose J. Gonzalez
## Organization

### General Chair

Dimiter Velev University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria

### Co-chairs

Yuko Murayama IFIP Vice President, Japan

Jose J. Gonzalez University of Agder, Norway

### Finance Chair

Eduard Dundler IFIP Secretary, Austria

### Publicity Chair

Jun Sasaki Iwate Prefectural University, Japan

### Steering Committee

Yuko Murayama IFIP Vice President, Japan

Diane Whitehouse IFIP TC9: ICT and Society Chair, UK

Erich Neuhold IFIP TC5: Information Technology Application Chair, Austria

Jose G. Gonzalez University of Agder, Norway

A Min Tjoa IFIP Honoray Secretary, Austria

Plamena Zlateva Institute of Robotics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria

Dimiter Velev University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria

### Program Committee

Andreas Karcher Universität der Bundeswehr, Germany

Andreas Prinz University of Agder, Norway

Bjørn Erik Munkvold University of Agder, Norway

Chrisantha Silva Computer Society of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka

Denis Trcek University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Edgar Weipel Secure Business Austria, Austria

Eliot Rich University at Albany, USA

Elsa Negre Lamsade, Université Paris, Dauphine, France

Frederick Benaben École Nationale Supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, France
VIII Organization

<table>
  <tr>
    <td>Gabriela Marín-Raventós</td>
    <td>IFIP Councillor, Costa Rica</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Gansen Zhao</td>
    <td>South China Normal University, China</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Gerald Quirchmayr</td>
    <td>University of Vienna, Austria</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Hans J. Scholl</td>
    <td>University of Washington, USA</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Henrik Eriksson</td>
    <td>Linköping University, Sweden</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Hsin-Hung Wu</td>
    <td>National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Jaziar Radianti</td>
    <td>University of Agder, Norway</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Jian Cao</td>
    <td>Shanghai Jiaotong University, China</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Jose J. Gonzalez</td>
    <td>University of Agder, Norway</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Josune Hernantes</td>
    <td>University of Navarra, Spain</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Julie Dugdale</td>
    <td>University of Grenoble, France</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kai Ranenberg</td>
    <td>IFIP Vice President, Germany</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kaninda Musumbu</td>
    <td>Université Bordeaux, France</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kenny Meesters</td>
    <td>University of Tilburg, Germany</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Kim Hee Dong</td>
    <td>Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Leire Labaka</td>
    <td>University of Navarra, Spain</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Mariki Eloff</td>
    <td>University of South Africa, South Africa</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Mariyana Nikolova</td>
    <td>NIGGG, BAS, Bulgaria</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Michinori Hatayama</td>
    <td>Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Mihoko Sakurai</td>
    <td>University of Agder, Norway</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Monika Buscher</td>
    <td>Lancaster University, UK</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Murali Krishna Penmetsa</td>
    <td>Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, India</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Murray Turoff</td>
    <td>New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Norberto Patrignani</td>
    <td>Politecnico di Torino, Italy</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Naoto Matsumoto</td>
    <td>Sakura Internet Research Center, Japan</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Nariyoshi Yamai</td>
    <td>Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Nirit Bernstein</td>
    <td>Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, Israel</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Patrick Letouze</td>
    <td>Universidad Federal do Tocantins, Brazil</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Rajan Raj Pant</td>
    <td>Information Technology Security Emergency Response Team, Nepal</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Saji Baby</td>
    <td>GEO International Environmental Consultation Co., Kuwait</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Sergei Kavun</td>
    <td>University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine, Ukraine</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Sergei Ohrimenco</td>
    <td>Laboratory of Information Security, AESM, Moldova</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Shi Yizhe</td>
    <td>Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, China</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Shunsuke Fujieda</td>
    <td>University of Tokyo, Japan</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Starr Roxanne Hiltz</td>
    <td>New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Stewart James Kowalski</td>
    <td>Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tadeusz Czachorski</td>
    <td>Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, PAS, Poland</td>
  </tr>
</table>
<table><tr><td>Tao Bo</td><td>Earthquake Administration of Beijing Municipality, China</td></tr><tr><td>Tetsuo Noda</td><td>Shimane University, Japan</td></tr><tr><td>Tim A. Majchrzak</td><td>University of Agder, Norway</td></tr><tr><td>Tina Comes</td><td>University of Agder, Norway</td></tr><tr><td>Vassil Roussinov</td><td>Crisis Management and Disaster Response Centre of Excellence, Bulgaria</td></tr><tr><td>Victor Amadeo Bañuls Silvera</td><td>Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Victor de Pous</td><td>IFIP Legal Counselor, Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>Wei-Sen Li</td><td>National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td>Wolfgang Reinhardt</td><td>Universität der Bundeswehr, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Youwei Sun</td><td>Earthquake Administration of Beijing Municipality, China</td></tr><tr><td>Yoshitaka Shibata</td><td>Iwate Prefectural University, Japan</td></tr><tr><td>Yutaka Kikuchi</td><td>Kochi University of Technology, Japan</td></tr><tr><td>Zong Xuejun</td><td>Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, China</td></tr></table>
# Contents

<table><tr><td>Understanding the Importance of Proper Incentives for Critical Infrastructures Management – How System Dynamics Can Help. Denis Trček and Jose J. Gonzalez</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>A Proposal on Patient Transport Decision Making in Multiple Hospitals in a Large-Scale Disaster. Jun Sasaki</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Urban Disaster Simulation Incorporating Human Psychological Models in Evacuation Behaviors. Tatsuya Yamazaki, Hiroyuki Tamai, Yasunori Owada, Kiyohiko Hattori, Shin'ichi Taira, and Kiyoshi Hamaguchi</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Stalking Resilience: Cities as Vertebrae in Society's Resilience Backbone. Jose J. Gonzalez, Magnus Bång, Colin Eden, Raquel Gimenez, Josune Hernantes, Susan Howick, Patricia Maraña, Igor Pyrko, Jaziar Radianti, Amy Rankin, and Jose Mari Sarriegi</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Usability Evaluation of Information Technology in Disaster and Emergency Management. Tilo Mentler, Henrik Berndt, Daniel Wessel, and Michael Herczeg</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Formal Methods for Safe Design of Autonomous Systems Dedicated to Risk Management. Sophie Coudert and Tullio Joseph Tanzi</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Using the Scorecard Approach to Measure Seismic Social Resilience in Nablus, Palestine. Vania Cerchiello, Paola Ceresa, and Ricardo Monteiro</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Better Access to Terminology for Crisis Communications. Mikael Snaprud, Jaziar Radianti, and Dag Svindseth</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Towards European Dimensions of City Resilience. Jaziar Radianti</td><td>104</td></tr><tr><td>Climate Deterrence: Disasters and Security After COP 21. Raul Kleber de Souza Boeno and Viriato Soromenho-Marques</td><td>119</td></tr></table>
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Urban Planning with the Combined Method of Perception-Driven Joint Learning Approach (PeDJoLA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Model for Disaster Mitigation</td>
      <td>139</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Rahmat Widia Sembiring, Benny Benyamin Nasution, M. Syahruddin, Afritha Amelia, Bakti Viyata Sundawa, Zulkifli Lubis, Prayudi Nastia, Suhaili Alifuddin, Junaidi, Handri Sunjaya, Ismael, and Gunawan</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>The Planning of Smart City to Mitigate the Impacts of Natural Disaster in North Sumatera.</td>
      <td>147</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Dedy Hartama, Herman Mawengkang, Muhammad Zarlis, Rahmat Widia Sembiring, Benny Benyamin Nasution, M. Syahruddin, Prayudi Nastia, Abidin Lutfhi Sembiring, Saifullah, Eka Irawan, and Sumarno</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Forecasting Natural Disasters of Tornados Using mHGN</td>
      <td>155</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Benny Benyamin Nasution, Rahmat Widia Sembiring, Bakti Viyata Sundawa, Gunawan, Afritha Amelia, Ismael, Handri Sunjaya, Suhaili Alifuddin, Morlan Pardede, Junaidi, Muhammad Syahruddin, and Zulkifli Lubis</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enhancing Regional Digital Preparedness on Natural Hazards to Safeguard Business Resilience in the Asia-Pacific</td>
      <td>170</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Yanling Lee, Kenji Watanabe, and Wei-Sen Li</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>A Comprehensive Decision Support System for Enhanced Emergency Decision Management and Training</td>
      <td>183</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Odd Steen, Andrew Pope, Marion Rauner, Nicklas Holmberg, Simon Woodworth, Sheila O'Riordan, Helmut Niessner, and Karen Neville</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>The Generation of a Situation Model, in Real-Time, as a Support to Crisis Management</td>
      <td>198</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Audrey Fertier, Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë, Aurélie Montarnal, Sébastien Truptil, and Frédérick Bénaben</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Improving the Involvement of Digital Volunteers in Disaster Management.</td>
      <td>214</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Roberto dos Santos Rocha, Adam Widera, Roelof P. van den Berg, João Porto de Albuquerque, and Bernd Helingrath</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Disaster Reduction Potential of IMPRESS Platform Tools</td>
      <td>225</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Nina Dobrinkova, Antonis Kostaridis, Andrej Olunczek, Marcel Heckel, Danae Vergeti, Sofia Tsekeridou, Geert Seynaeve, Andrea De Gaetano, Thomas Finnie, Efstathiou Nectarios, and Chrysostomos Psaroudakis</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>M&S Support for Crisis and Disaster Management Processes and Climate Change Implications</td>
      <td>240</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Orlin Nikolov, Nikolay Tomov, and Irena Nikolova</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<table><tr><td>Assessment of Flood Vulnerability Using Fuzzy Logic and Geographical Information Systems</td><td>254</td></tr><tr><td>Valentina Nikolova and Plamena Zlateva</td><td></td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>Author Index</td><td>267</td></tr></table>