<table><caption>**Table 5.** Measured parameters and their possible instrumentations from literature.</caption><thead><tr><th>Measured Parameters</th><th>Possible Instrument</th><th>Ref.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="4">Temperature, T</td><td>K-type and T-type thermocouples</td><td>[47,48]</td></tr><tr><td>NTC thermistors</td><td>[19]</td></tr><tr><td>Ebro TFX430</td><td>[32]</td></tr><tr><td>PT100 RTD</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Heat flux, q</td><td>HF01 Hukseflux heat flux sensor</td><td>[72]</td></tr><tr><td>Sequoia heat flux plates</td><td>[129]</td></tr><tr><td>HM-25-U/100</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Radiation, q</td><td>Solar Pyranometer (TBQ-2)</td><td>[57,63]</td></tr><tr><td>VAEQ08E pyranometer</td><td>[32,49]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Humidity h, and pressure, P</td><td>Vantage Pro 2 weather station</td><td>[47]</td></tr><tr><td>Netatmo weather station</td><td>[72]</td></tr><tr><td>Air velocity (wind speed), v</td><td>Hot-wire anemometer, AM-4201</td><td>[32,49]</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate, Q</td><td>LWGYB-25</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Electrical consumption, P</td><td>Carrel Electrade LP-1W1</td><td>[32]</td></tr><tr><td>Agilent 34970A</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Data acquisition</td><td>HOBO U-10-003</td><td>[72]</td></tr><tr><td>Agilent 34970A</td><td>[57]</td></tr><tr><td>HIOKI LR840-21</td><td>[63]</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 29.** Schematic diagram showing the locations of different sensing instruments (heat flux meters, thermocouples, pyranometer, and data acquisition tool with a computer) for underfloor heating with PCM using ThermoGreen®.</figcaption></figure>

### 8.5. Economical Study for the Prototype

One important parameter in any research work is its economical effectiveness. The designed prototype, with its complementary systems—hydronic heating, control, and measurement systems—is implemented within acceptable margins of implementation and operational costs. Table 6 summarizes the prototype assembly parts, their specifications and respective costs. It is shown that for two identical prototypes, the cost is considered low ($1700.0 total cost) if compared to conventional rooms built with the same size.
<figure><img src="image_24.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 24.** Real photo of a prepared prototype following the design proposed in the study.</figcaption></figure>

Building walls (including bricks with PCM), wallboards, PCM-enhanced insulations and PCM-enhanced plastering mortars are enabled in all the prototype faces: walls, roof and floor. Figure 25 illustrates a brick wall installed on one side with covering plastering mortar. An extra plastic frame can be added on the internal sides of the aluminum skeletal frame preventing its damage upon building up brick wall with cement. Double glazing window and door are removable and can be filled with PCM. A solar heater can be installed after editing the side wall with another set of layers containing two openings at the upper and lower regions as shown in Figure 25. The same layers can be equipped with solar façade module (Figure 26) or Trombe wall system (Figure 27), all being easily installed and removed by adjustable tensioning screws that are located at pre-designed locations covering all applications. All layers could be deprived and special radiant heating/cooling layers are added. These layers are enhanced full size plates containing PCM and have radiant copper/PEX pipes embedded within. The piping system terminals of all layers passes through the internal cavity of the skeletal aluminum structure and are finally joined using a collector manifold that is linked to a circulating pump with necessary valves and pressure gauges.

Finally, any combination of the aforementioned applications and other applications mentioned in Figure 28 can be implemented with the prototype for the sake of conducting investigating experiments. The objective behind such experiments is the optimization of: PCM type, quantity, position, application and combination. All is toward giving best set of applications and PCMs toward NZEB.

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 25.** Brick wall sections for application P1 (to the left) and Solar air heater installed with necessary edits of the side wall of ThermoGreen® (to the right).</figcaption></figure>

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<table><caption>**Table 6.** Economical study of the two ThermoGreen prototypes showing the assembly parts, their specifications, and their respective prices.</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Specifications</th><th>Quantity</th><th>Price/Item<br>($)</th><th>Total Cost<br>($)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Aluminum Alutex Tubes</td><td>Size: 10 × 10 cm</td><td>6</td><td>61</td><td>366.0</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum L-channels 1</td><td>Size: 2 × 2 cm</td><td>7</td><td>5</td><td>35.0</td></tr><tr><td>Wheels</td><td>With lockers</td><td>8</td><td>12.5</td><td>100.0</td></tr><tr><td>Screws</td><td>8 mm dia. 3 cm long<br>(with rings)</td><td>32</td><td>0.105</td><td>3.3</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum corner channels</td><td>Length 5.7 m</td><td>15</td><td>6.5</td><td>97.5</td></tr><tr><td>Hinge—<i>Sidem 2000</i></td><td>-</td><td>4</td><td>1.85</td><td>7.4</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum<br>Cadre—<i>Sidem-SD 2000</i></td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>42.5</td><td>42.5</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum L-channels 2</td><td>Size: 3.7 × 3.7 and<br>t = 3 mm</td><td>1</td><td>14.5</td><td>14.5</td></tr><tr><td>Small aluminum<br>door—<i>Sidem-SD 2000</i></td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>47.3</td><td>47.3</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum double hinged<br>edge channel</td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>12.5</td><td>12.5</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum Alakso Tube</td><td>Size: 10 × 4 cm<br>Length 6.6 m</td><td>1</td><td>38.5</td><td>38.5</td></tr><tr><td>Fibran fiber glass insulation</td><td>900 × 100 × 3 cm³</td><td>2</td><td>52.5</td><td>105.0</td></tr><tr><td>XPS boards</td><td>1.25 m × 0.6 m<br>(t = 3 cm)</td><td>60</td><td>3.25</td><td>195.0</td></tr><tr><td>Wood boards</td><td>8 mm thick</td><td>6</td><td>23</td><td>138.0</td></tr><tr><td>Wood boards</td><td>12 mm thick</td><td>6</td><td>35</td><td>210.0</td></tr><tr><td>Door glass</td><td>Size: 28.5 × 59.5 cm</td><td>2</td><td>4.44</td><td>8.9</td></tr><tr><td>Window glass</td><td>Double glazing 31 × 21</td><td>4</td><td>4.44</td><td>17.8</td></tr><tr><td>Toggle clamps</td><td>Hold down 16 cm<br>length</td><td>16</td><td>8</td><td>128.0</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum angle</td><td>Provitto for cadre</td><td>8</td><td>1.11</td><td>8.9</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum angle</td><td>-</td><td>8</td><td>1.11</td><td>8.9</td></tr><tr><td>Alucobond plate</td><td>-</td><td>5</td><td>45</td><td>225.0</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="4">Overall cost for the two identical assemblies ($)</td><td><strong>1810.0</strong></td></tr></tfoot></table>

The heating system implemented in the prototype is a hydronic water heating system, and the corresponding costs of its components are summarized in Table 7. On the other hand, the LHTES systems integrated within the prototype for direct comparison are coconut oil PCM and paraffin wax. The aforementioned macro-containers described previously with the PCMs specifications and costs are detailed in Table 8. It is shown that the complete project covering the prototypes, PCMs, containers and heating system are still below $5000.0 in cost ($4141.6) which is a competing value for a complete research set-up.

<table><caption>**Table 7.** PCMs and macro-containers economical study addressing their specifications and their respective prices.</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Specifications</th><th>Quantity</th><th>Price/Item<br>($)</th><th>Total Cost<br>($)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Coconut oil</td><td>Oil bottles 4 L each</td><td>135</td><td>8</td><td>1080.0</td></tr><tr><td>Paraffin wax</td><td>46 to 60 melting</td><td>50</td><td>4</td><td>200.0</td></tr><tr><td>Steel macrocontainers</td><td>1400 × 466 × 28 mm³</td><td>9</td><td>60</td><td>540.0</td></tr><tr><td>Copper wires</td><td>2.5 mm diameter, 10 kg</td><td>8</td><td>12</td><td>96.0</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="4">Overall Cost ($)</td><td><strong>1916.0</strong></td></tr></tfoot></table>
<figure><img src="image_26.png" /><figcaption>Solar façade assembled</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /><figcaption>Solar façade sections (exploded view)</figcaption></figure>

<caption>**Figure 26.** Solar façade sections mounted on the side wall of ThermoGreen®.</caption>

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<figure><img src="image_28.png" /><figcaption>TW assembled</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_29.png" /><figcaption>TW sections (Exploded View)</figcaption></figure>

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<caption>**Figure 27.** Modified Trombe wall sections mounted on the side wall of ThermoGreen®.</caption>

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<figure><img src="image_30.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 28.** Thermally activated building structure (TABS) applied within the prototype using radiant pipes embedded in PCM plates.</figcaption></figure>

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## 8.4 Measurement Instrumentations

Adequate experimental results that are directed toward optimization and further standardization requires advanced measurement instrumentations that are: (1) reliable

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<table><caption>**Table 8.** Hydronic system specifications and respective costs.</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Specifications</th><th>Quantity</th><th>Price/Item<br>($)</th><th>Total Cost<br>($)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Electric cable</td><td>-</td><td>15</td><td>0.4</td><td>6.0</td></tr><tr><td>Temperature controller</td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>33</td><td>33.0</td></tr><tr><td>Hydronic pipes</td><td>PEX aluminum 18</td><td>40</td><td>0.65</td><td>26.0</td></tr><tr><td>Holding clips</td><td>Clips 18</td><td>80</td><td>0.23</td><td>18.4</td></tr><tr><td>Female cap</td><td>HE 1/2 in</td><td>2</td><td>10.5</td><td>21.0</td></tr><tr><td>Racor fittings</td><td>Brass (size 18 × 10)</td><td>16</td><td>1.58</td><td>25.3</td></tr><tr><td>Caps</td><td>Chrome 1/2 in</td><td>18</td><td>0.9</td><td>16.2</td></tr><tr><td>Male elbow 18</td><td>Aluminum chrome<br>1/2 in</td><td>4</td><td>2.65</td><td>10.6</td></tr><tr><td>One way valve</td><td>SERA 1/2 in</td><td>4</td><td>4.45</td><td>17.8</td></tr><tr><td>T-connector</td><td>AFL 1/2 in</td><td>2</td><td>1.65</td><td>3.3</td></tr><tr><td>Boiler screws</td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>1.65</td><td>1.7</td></tr><tr><td>Double Teflon</td><td>Large</td><td>2</td><td>1.15</td><td>2.3</td></tr><tr><td>PEX holding XPS plates</td><td>1.4 × 1.4 m²</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>50.0</td></tr><tr><td>Circulating pump</td><td>-</td><td>2</td><td>50</td><td>100.0</td></tr><tr><td>Electric relay</td><td>220 v</td><td>2</td><td>8</td><td>16.0</td></tr><tr><td>Electric boiler</td><td>50 L resistance</td><td>1</td><td>68</td><td>68.0</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="4">Overall Cost ($)</td><td>415.6</td></tr></tfoot></table>

## 9. Conclusions and Recommendations

A summary review of recent research articles covering experimental investigations of thermal performance for PCM-LHTES building applications in heating, cooling, and hybrid modes is presented here. Experimental studies require a facility that best reflects the performance of PCM on real-basis. After introducing the concept of LHTES in buildings, the study reviewed recent articles and classified them into four main categories constituting Sections 3–6: (1) large-scale prototypes; (2) small-scale prototypes; (3) retrofitting; and (4) laboratory-based partitions/modules. Presented literature in each category were then classified into two sets: active and passive systems, and a helical diagram that summarizes all applications was illustrated. Then, two tables were generated; The first summarized the used PCMs in each classified application with their respective thermo-physical properties and encapsulation techniques; while the second table summarized the facilities used in literature studies, their design specifications, and instrumentations. After monitoring the prototypes presented in experiments of literature, a proposed modular design was introduced and explained. The section firstly described the structure and its dimensions, then methods of assembling and disassembling were summarized. After that, capabilities of the designed prototype for different applications were abridged. The section ended with an economical study summarizing the costs of the complete set-up.

Conclusions are then drawn showing that:

- Phase change material serving as latent heat storage system is a promising technology that permits building energy consumption reduction and thermal comfort sustainability.

- Experimental studies were classified into four categories based on the size of the used facility:

* Small-scale prototypes do have plenty of advantages—e.g., variable control, etc.—with a risk of not accurately reflecting reality.

* Large-scale prototypes are expensive, but have a high level of matching real weather performance.

* Retrofitting applications are limited in possibilities

* Laboratory-based studies are easily adapted but includes high level of uncertainty compared to other realistic studies (utilizing prototypes).

- Heat transfer enhancement for the incorporated PCM is critical for diminishing its in-complete solidification is solved by the designed enhanced macro-encapsulated plates.
with low uncertainty values; (2) available and cost-effective; (3) covers all required data of all influencing variables; (4) positioned in relevant sensing locations; (5) highly sensitive and (6) referenced to international/local standards. From this point, instruments used in reviewed studies by researchers (summarized in Table 3) are organized in a table of measurement instruments possibilities that can be used for experimental studies covered by ThermoGreen® (See Table 5). An example of connecting measuring system of the application of underfloor active radiant heating with PCM is illustrated in Figure 29.

<table><caption>**Table 5.** Measured parameters and their possible instrumentations from literature.</caption><thead><tr><th>Measured Parameters</th><th>Possible Instrument</th><th>Ref.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="4">Temperature, T</td><td>K-type and T-type thermocouples</td><td>[47], [48]</td></tr><tr><td>NTC thermistors</td><td>[98]</td></tr><tr><td>Ebro TFX430</td><td>[32]</td></tr><tr><td>PT100 RTD</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Heat flux, q</td><td>HF01 Hukseflux heat flux sensor</td><td>[72]</td></tr><tr><td>Sequoia heat flux plates</td><td>[119]</td></tr><tr><td>HM-25-U/100</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Radiation, q</td><td>Solar Pyranometer (TBQ-2)</td><td>[63], [57]</td></tr><tr><td>VAEQ08E pyranometer</td><td>[32,49]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Humidity h, and pressure, P</td><td>Vantage Pro 2 weather station</td><td>[47]</td></tr><tr><td>Netatmo weather station</td><td>[72]</td></tr><tr><td>Air velocity (wind speed), v</td><td>Hot-wire anemometer, AM-4201</td><td>[32,49]</td></tr><tr><td>Flow rate, Q</td><td>LWGYB-25</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Electrical Consumption, P</td><td>Carrel Electrade LP-1W1</td><td>[32]</td></tr><tr><td>Agilent 34970A</td><td>[52]</td></tr><tr><td>HOBO U-10-003</td><td>[72]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Data Acquisition</td><td>Agilent 34970A</td><td>[57]</td></tr><tr><td>HIOKI LR840-21</td><td>[63]</td></tr></tbody></table>
- A new design of an advanced modular prototype: 'ThermoGreen®' is proposed and is proven to allow experimental investigation of several PCM applications and their combinations toward NZEB.

- Experimental optimization is a major capability offered by the designed prototype (variable thickness, position, material, application, etc.)

Finally, it is worth mentioning that PCMs is a promising evolving technology that can help in energy consumption reduction toward sustainable living. This limitless horizon of unknown potentials in such domain requires more research that is organized and direct properly.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.K.; methodology, K.F. and M.K.; validation, K.F.; formal analysis, K.F, M.K., F.H., J.F., and C.C.; investigation, K.F, M.K., F.H., J.F., and C.C.; data curation, K.F.; writing—original draft preparation, K.F.; writing—review and editing, M.K., F.H., J.F, and C.C.; supervision, M.K.; project administration, M.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding. The APC was funded by the Lebanese International University (LIU).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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<figure><img src="image_31.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 29.** Schematic diagram showing the locations of different sensing instruments (heat flux meters, thermocouples, pyranometer and data acquisition tool with a computer) for underfloor heating with PCM using ThermoGreen®.</figcaption></figure>

## 9. Conclusions and Recommendations

A summary review on recent research articles covering experimental investigations of thermal performance for PCM-LHTES building applications in heating, cooling and hybrid modes. Experimental type of studies requires a facility that best reflects the performance of PCM on real-basis. The study summarized articles after classifying them into four main categories: (1) Large-scale prototypes, (2) Small-scale prototypes, (3) Retrofittings and (4) Laboratory-based partitions/modules. Presented literature in each category were then classified into two sets: active and passive systems, and a helical diagram that summarizes all applications was illustrated. Then, two tables were generated; The first summarized the used PCMs in each classified application with their respective thermal properties and encapsulation techniques; While, the second table summarized the facilities used in literature studies, their design specifications, and instrumentations. After monitoring the prototypes presented in experiments of literature, a proposed modular design was explained and possible experimental investigations for different applications were abridged.

Conclusions are then drawn showing that:

- Phase change material serving as latent heat storage system is a promising technology that permits building energy consumption reduction and thermal comfort sustainability.

- Experimental studies were classified into four categories based on the size of the used facility:

* Small-scale prototypes do have plenty of advantages: e.g. variables control... etc., with a risk of not presenting reality.

* Large-scale prototypes are expensive but have high level of matching real weather performance.

* Retrofitting applications are limited in possibilities

* Laboratory-based studies are easily adapted but includes high level of uncertainty compared to other realistic studies (utilizing prototypes).

- Heat Transfer Enhancement for the incorporated PCM is critical for diminishing its incomplete solidification is solved by the designed enhanced macro-encapsulated plates.
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33. Faraj, K.; Faraj, J.; Hachem, F.; Bazzi, H.; Khaled, M.; Castelain, C. Analysis of Underfloor Electrical Heating System Integrated with Coconut Oil-PCM Plates. *Appl. Therm. Eng.* **2019**, *158*, 113778. [CrossRef]

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35. Giro-paloma, J.; Martínez, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; Fernández, A.I. Types, Methods, Techniques, and Applications for Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials (MPCM): A Review. *Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.* **2016**, *53*, 1059–1075. [CrossRef]

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38. Kylili, A.; Fokaides, P.A. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Building Applications: A Review. *J. Build. Eng.* **2016**, *6*, 133–143. [CrossRef]

39. Navarro, L.; De Gracia, A.; Colclough, S.; Browne, M.; Mccormack, S.J.; Grif, P.; Cabeza, L.F. Thermal Energy Storage in Building Integrated Thermal Systems: A Review. Part 1. Active Storage Systems. *Renew. Energy* **2016**, *88*, 526–547. [CrossRef]

40. Navarro, L.; De Gracia, A.; Niall, D.; Castell, A.; Browne, M.; Mccormack, S.J.; Grif, P.; Cabeza, L.F. Thermal Energy Storage in Building Integrated Thermal Systems: A Review. Part 2. Integration as Passive System. *Renew. Energy* **2016**, *85*, 1334–1356.
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41. Mengjie, S.; Fuxin, N.; Ning, M.; Yanxin, H.; Shiming, D. Review on Building Energy Performance Improvement Using Phase Change Materials. *Energy Build.* **2018**, *158*, 776–793. [CrossRef]

42. Lizana, J.; Chacartegui, R.; Barrios-padura, A.; Ortiz, C. Advanced Low-Carbon Energy Measures Based on Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings: A Review. *Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.* **2018**, *82*, 3705–3749. [CrossRef]

43. Ben Romdhane, S.; Amamou, A.; Ben Khalifa, R.; Saïd, N.M.; Younsi, Z.; Jemni, A. A Review on Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials in Passive Building Applications. *J. Build. Eng.* **2020**, *32*, 101563. [CrossRef]

44. Li, Y.; Nord, N.; Xiao, Q. Building Heating Applications with Phase Change Material: A Comprehensive Review. *J. Energy Storage* **2020**, *31*, 101634. [CrossRef]
- A new design of an advanced modular prototype: "ThermoGreen®" is proposed and is proven to allow experimental investigation of several PCM applications and their combinations toward NZEB. 366
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- Experimental Optimization is a major capability offered by the designed prototype (Variable thickness, position, material, application...etc.) 369
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Finally, it is worth mentioning that PCMs is a promising evolving technology that can help in energy consumption reduction toward sustainable living. This limitless horizon of unknown potentials in such domain requires more research that is organized and direct properly. 372
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**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. 377
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55. Lee, K.O.; Medina, M.A.; Sun, X.; Jin, X. Thermal Performance of Phase Change Materials (PCM)-Enhanced Cellulose Insulation in Passive Solar Residential Building Walls. *Sol. Energy* **2018**, *163*, 113–121. [CrossRef]

56. Wang, X.; Yu, H.; Li, L.; Zhao, M. Experimental Assessment on the Use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs)-Bricks in the Exterior Wall of a Full-Scale Room. *Energy Convers. Manag.* **2016**, *120*, 81–89. [CrossRef]

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59. Guarino, F.; Athienitis, A.; Cellura, M.; Bastien, D. PCM Thermal Storage Design in Buildings: Experimental Studies and Applications to Solaria in Cold Climates. *Appl. Energy* **2017**, *185*, 95–106. [CrossRef]

60. Souayfane, F.; Henry, B.; Fardoun, F. Thermal Behavior of a Translucent Superinsulated Latent Heat Energy Storage Wall in Summertime. *Appl. Energy* **2018**, *217*, 390–408. [CrossRef]

61. Hu, Y.; Heiselberg, P.K. A New Ventilated Window with PCM Heat Exchanger –performance Analysis and Design Optimization. *Energy Build.* **2018**, *169*, 185–194. [CrossRef]

62. Li, H.; Li, J.; Xi, C.; Chen, W.; Kong, X. Experimental and Numerical Study on the Thermal Performance of Ventilated Roof Composed with Multiple Phase Change Material (VR-MPCM). *Energy Convers. Manag.* **2020**, *213*, 112836. [CrossRef]

63. He, W.; Yu, C.; Yang, J.; Yu, B.; Hu, Z.; Shen, D.; Liu, X.; Qin, M.; Chen, H. Experimental Study on the Performance of a Novel RC-PCM-Wall. *Energy Build.* **2019**, *199*, 297–310. [CrossRef]

64. Garg, H.; Pandey, B.; Saha, S.K.; Singh, S.; Banerjee, R. Design and Analysis of PCM Based Radiant Heat Exchanger for Thermal Management of Buildings. *Energy Build.* **2018**, *169*, 84–96. [CrossRef]

65. Jobli, M.; Yao, R.; Luo, Z.; Shahrestani, M.; Li, N.; Hong, L. Numerical and Experimental Studies of a Capillary-Tube Embedded PCM Component for Improving Indoor Thermal Environment. *Appl. Therm. Eng.* **2019**, *148*, 466–477. [CrossRef]

66. Fang, Y.; Ding, Y.; Tang, Y.; Liang, X.; Jin, C.; Wang, S.; Gao, X. Thermal Properties Enhancement and Application of a Novel Sodium Acetate Trihydrate-Formamide/Expanded Graphite Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase Change Material for Electric Radiant Floor Heating. *Appl. Therm. Eng.* **2019**, *150*, 1177–1185. [CrossRef]

67. Guo, J.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zou, B. Thermal Storage and Thermal Management Properties of a Novel Ventilated Mortar Block Integrated with Phase Change Material for Floor Heating: An Experimental Study. *Energy Convers. Manag.* **2020**, *205*, 112288. [CrossRef]

68. Abbas, H.M.; Jalil, J.M.; Ahmed, S.T. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of PCM Capsules as Insulation Materials Inserted into a Hollow Brick Wall. *Energy Build.* **2021**, *246*, 111127. [CrossRef]

69. Kumar, P.; Rathore, S. An experimental evaluation of thermal behavior of the building envelope using macroencapsulated pcm for energy savings. *Renew. Energy* **2019**, *149*, 1300–1313. [CrossRef]

70. Khan, R.J.; Bhuiyan, Z.H.; Ahmed, D.H. Investigation of Heat Transfer of a Building Wall in the Presence of Phase Change Material (PCM). *Energy Built Environ.* **2020**, *1*, 199–206. [CrossRef]

71. Zhu, N.; Hu, N.; Hu, P.; Lei, F.; Li, S. Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of Building Integrated with Double Layers Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material Wallboard. *Energy* **2018**, *167*, 1164–1180. [CrossRef]

72. Berardi, U.; Soudian, S. Experimental Investigation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Using PCMs with Different Melting Temperatures for Building Retrofit. *Energy Build.* **2019**, *185*, 180–195. [CrossRef]
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