# Marine Flora of French Polynesia: An Updated List Using DNA Barcoding and Traditional Approaches

Christophe Vieira, Myung Sook Kim, Antoine de Ramon N'yeurt, Claude Payri, Sofie D'hondt, Olivier de Clerck, Mayalen Zubia

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Christophe Vieira, Myung Sook Kim, Antoine de Ramon N'yeurt, Claude Payri, Sofie D'hondt, et al.. Marine Flora of French Polynesia: An Updated List Using DNA Barcoding and Traditional Approaches. Biology, 2023, 12 (8), pp.1124. 10.3390/biology12081124. hal-05078172

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Article

# Marine Flora of French Polynesia: An Updated List Using DNA Barcoding and Traditional Approaches

Christophe Vieira <fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />,* ID, Myung Sook Kim <fnref n="1" />, Antoine De Ramon N'Yeurt <fnref n="3" /> ID, Claude Payri <fnref n="4" /> ID, Sofie D'Hondt <fnref n="2" /> ID,
Olivier De Clerck <fnref n="2" /> ID and Mayalen Zubia <fnref n="5" />,* ID

**Simple Summary:** The French Polynesian islands represent a unique insular system in the Pacific Ocean. Previous surveys of the marine flora of French Polynesia were mostly established on traditional morphology-based taxonomy. DNA barcoding allowed us to provide a major revision of French Polynesian marine flora, with an updated total of 702 species from French Polynesia, including 119 species of Chlorophyta, 169 Cyanobacteria, 92 Ochrophyta, 320 Rhodophyta, and 2 species of seagrasses (Alismatales)—nearly a two-fold increase from previous estimates. In addition to improving and refining our knowledge of French Polynesian marine flora, this study also provides a valuable DNA barcode reference library for identification purposes and future taxonomic and conservation studies. A significant part of the diversity uncovered corresponds to unidentified lineages, which will need careful taxonomic examination.

**Abstract:** Located in the heart of the South Pacific Ocean, the French Polynesian islands represent a remarkable setting for biological colonization and diversification, because of their isolation. Our knowledge of this region's biodiversity is nevertheless still incomplete for many groups of organisms. In the late 1990s and 2000s, a series of publications provided the first checklists of French Polynesian marine algae, including the Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, and Cyanobacteria, established mostly on traditional morphology-based taxonomy. We initiated a project to systematically DNA barcode the marine flora of French Polynesia. Based on a large collection of ~2452 specimens, made between 2014 and 2023, across the five French Polynesian archipelagos, we re-assessed the marine floral species diversity (Alismatales, Cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta) using DNA barcoding in concert with morphology-based classification. We provide here a major revision of French Polynesian marine flora, with an updated listing of 702 species including 119 Chlorophyta, 169 Cyanobacteria, 92 Ochrophyta, 320 Rhodophyta, and 2 seagrass species—nearly a two-fold increase from previous estimates. This study significantly improves our knowledge of French Polynesian marine diversity and provides a valuable DNA barcode reference library for identification purposes and future taxonomic and conservation studies. A significant part of the diversity uncovered from French Polynesia corresponds to unidentified lineages, which will require careful future taxonomic investigation.

**Keywords:** algae; Chlorophyta; Cyanobacteria; Rhodophyta; molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy; Ochrophyta; seagrass; seaweeds

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check for
updates

**Citation:** Vieira, C.; Kim, M.S.; N'Yeurt, A.D.R.; Payri, C.; D'Hondt, S.; De Clerck, O.; Zubia, M. Marine Flora of French Polynesia: An Updated List Using DNA Barcoding and Traditional Approaches. *Biology* **2023**, *12*, 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12081124

Academic Editor: Aidyn Mouradov

Received: 26 June 2023

Revised: 1 August 2023

Accepted: 4 August 2023

Published: 11 August 2023

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**Copyright:** © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

<footnote n="1">¹ Department of Biology and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; myungskim@jejunu.ac.kr</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Phycology Research Group, Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Pacific Center for Environment an Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Private Mail Bag, Suva P.O. Box 1168, Fiji; nyeurt@gmail.com</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa 98848, New Caledonia</footnote>

<footnote n="5">5 UMR Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, University of French Polynesia, BP6570, Faa'a 98702, Tahiti, French Polynesia</footnote>

<footnote>* Correspondence: cvcarp@gmail.com (C.V.); mayalenzubia@gmail.com (M.Z.)</footnote>
# 1. Introduction

## 1.1. *French Polynesia*

French Polynesia consists of strings of islands positioned in the heart of the South Pacific Ocean, arranged into five archipelagos: the Society, Marquesas, Austral, Gambier, and Tuamotu Islands [1] (Figure 1). French Polynesian island chains resulted from linear volcanic hotspot activities on the Pacific plate that began during the Eocene (47.4 Ma, Tuamotu archipelago [2]; but see [3]). The five archipelagos feature some 120 emerged islands and more than 500 seamounts [4], dispersed over an area of 2,500,000 km² [5], forming a total land area of 3521 km² with a combined coastline of 5830 km [6]. French Polynesian emerged islands present a variety of stages of the tropical volcanic island life cycle, ranging from high islands (such as Tahiti and Moorea) to atolls (such as Rangiroa and Tikehau) and guyot (or seamount), with variable climates linked to their geographical position. French Polynesia is the world's largest contiguous exclusive economic zone (EEZ) with a total of 5,030,000 km² [7].

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1.** Map of French Polynesia showing the five main archipelagos.</figcaption></figure>
## 1.2. Relatively Poor Biodiversity

Chiefly imputable on the insularity, remoteness, and smallness of its islands, French Polynesia supports a relatively low terrestrial and marine biodiversity [8–11]. Some authors noted that due to geographic isolation, some algal families were poorly represented in French Polynesia [12]. Contrasting to the absence of particular families, levels of endemism in some seaweed groups can be remarkably high [9,13]. In comparison to their terrestrial counterpart (893 indigenous plant species and 1700 introduced species [9]), the marine flora biodiversity is significantly poorer. The latest published works on French Polynesian marine flora reported a total of 332 species of marine macroalgae (198 Rhodophyta, 32 Ochrophyta, 82 Chlorophyta [14–16]), 117 Cyanobacteria [17], and 2 seagrasses [18]. Since then, only a limited number of taxonomic studies have been conducted in French Polynesia, e.g., [13,19–21].

## 1.3. Phycological History of French Polynesia

The earliest recorded collections of marine algae from French Polynesia were made during exploration voyages in the 18th and 19th centuries, and these were later examined and published by several phycologists in the 19th and early 20th centuries [22–40]. The first major floristic account of Tahitian algae was by Setchell [41], listing and illustrating 201 taxa of marine and freshwater algae. Hollenberg [42–45] published on species of Rhodomelaceae collected by M. S. Doty and J. Newhouse in the early 1950s from the Tuamotu archipelago; in 1973, W. R. Taylor reported on algae collected during the Smithsonian–Bredin Expedition to the Society and Tuamotu Islands [46]. Working on Tahitian collections by Setchell and Parks in 1922 and Crossland in 1928–1929, housed at the University of California Herbarium (UC), Olsen-Stojkovich [47] published a dissertation on the genus *Avrainvillea*. The same year, Payri and Meinesz [48,49] listed 346 taxa of French Polynesian algae, followed by Abbott [50], who reported on a new species of *Valoniopsis* from Huahine Island. The majority of earlier works on French Polynesian marine plants were regrouped in a comprehensive checklist by Payri and N'Yeurt [17], which also included species from Moorea Island reported by Payri [51] in her doctoral thesis dissertation. A richly illustrated field guide to French Polynesian marine flora directed at the general public was published by Payri, N'Yeurt, and Orempüller [52]. At this time, the University of French Polynesia's phycological herbarium (officially recognized as UPF) was created by Antoine De Ramon N'Yeurt and Claude Payri to house the growing number of algal specimens stemming from ongoing work on French Polynesian flora. These efforts culminated in the publication of a three-part scientific marine flora for French Polynesia, detailing the Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta, and Rhodophyta [14–16]. Three new species of Rhodophyta from the Marquesas and Tuamotu archipelagos resulting from this work were published in [53]. The number of endemic species identified from the region, prior to molecular studies, appears remarkably low.

## 1.4. Molecular-Based and Barcoding Taxonomic Studies

A limited number of molecular-assisted alpha-taxonomic studies have been conducted in French Polynesia, encompassing the Rhodophyta (Gelidiales [54], *Gibsmithia* [55], *Asparagopsis* [56], *Grateloupia filicina* [57,58], Corallinophycidae [59–62], Laurencieae [63]), Chlorophyta (*Halimeda* [64–68]), Ochrophyta (*Dictyota* [69–72], *Lobophora* [13,73], *Newhousia* [21], *Sargassum* [74], *Turbinaria* [75]), and Cyanobacteria [20], but nothing on seagrasses. These molecular-based studies generated over 500 sequences, but from a limited number of taxa, and a bulk from the genus *Lobophora* (>350 sequences [13]), followed by *Halimeda* (>90 sequences [64–67,76]), *Sargassum* (>30 sequences [74]), and *Newhousia* (20 sequences [21]). These studies included several markers, encompassing *cox1*, *cox2-cox3* intergeneric spacer, *cox3*, *nad1*, *psbA*, *psaA*, *rbcL*, *tufA*, ITS, 16S, 18S, 28S, 23S, 26S. Between 2008 and 2010, the Moorea BIOCODE Project led by the University of California at Berkeley in collaboration with the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History listed a comprehensive inventory of all non-microbial life in a reef-to-ridge transect of Moorea Island, Society Islands, French Polynesia [77]. While sequences were successfully generated
for organisms such as corals and fish (e.g., [78]), we could not find any useful sequences (i.e., a BLAST search returned no match to any sequences in the genomic BLAST database on NCBI BLAST) for the 28 marine algae (27 Rhodophyta and one Chlorophyta) in the publicly available dataset [79]. We suspect that the markers used for the sequences were not appropriate for marine algae.

**1.5. DNA Barcoding Approach**

There are several challenges to a DNA barcoding approach that have been discussed in [80], including the completeness and reliability of the reference library (e.g., non- and mis-labeled sequences) and the limited resolution of some markers. Gene libraries are often biased towards temperate regions, potentially neglecting tropical biodiversity in poorly sampled areas. There is an extensive mislabeling on GenBank that results in numerous polytomic species names. It is, therefore, a priority to augment the available GenBank records with high-quality sequences from all biogeographic areas, providing as much metadata as possible along with the sequences, while avoiding assigning names to submissions that do not align with any known sequences.

**1.6. Barcoding an Entire Regional Marine Flora**

Previous efforts of DNA barcoding of marine flora have focused either on (1) restricted geographic areas covering the three main macroalgal groups (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophtya; e.g., northern Madagascar [80], Bergen, Norway [81], Boulder Patch, Beaufort Sea [82], southeast coast of India [83], Malta [84]), (2) larger areas (e.g., regional scale) but targeting specific groups (e.g., Rhodophyta in South Africa [85,86] and Qingdao, China [87]; Dumontiaceae [88] and Phyllophoraceae [89] in Canada; Rhodymeniales in Australia [90]; Gracilariaceae [91] and *Pyropia* [92] in the Republic of Korea), or (3) on lower taxonomic levels (e.g., genus, order, or family) but covering large geographic scales (e.g., Corallinophycidae in Altantic European maerl beds [93]). To our knowledge, no DNA barcoding study has yet been conducted at a regional level encompassing the three macroalgal groups (Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta), Cyanobacteria, and the marine phanerogams (seagrasses; marine phanerogams).

**1.7. *Objective of the Study***

The present study aimed to re-assess the species diversity of French Polynesian marine flora using DNA barcoding and to deliver a revised checklist for the marine flora of French Polynesia including three macroalgal classes (Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta), the Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria), and the seagrasses (Alismatales).

**2. Materials and Methods**

**2.1. Study Site and Sampling**

This study was conducted between 2014 and 2023. Marine floral specimens were collected in the subtidal zone via SCUBA or snorkeling and in the shallow intertidal zone on foot and through wading or snorkeling. Specimens identified by Antoine De Ramon N'Yeurt using morphological methods while working with the Moorea BIOCODE Project in 2008 were also included in the present study.

Specimens were initially identified at the genus level and, when possible, at the species level based on the morphology. In situ and ex situ photographs were taken of most specimens collected. After field collection, for each taxa, specimens were (1) mounted as herbarium vouchers, (2) fixed in formaldehyde (4% formaldehyde in seawater) for anatomical examination, (3) and small fragments (~1 cm²) were preserved either in fine silica gel (~0.2–1 mm; ref. 1.01905.1000; Merck KGaA, Damstadt, Germany) or in ethanol (absolute EtOH) for molecular analyses. For the macroalgae, morphospecies determination was done using monographs and identification manuals from the region [14–16] as well as based on the most recent publications for the identified taxa. Detailed morphological and anatomical examinations and final identifications were carried out at the University
of French Polynesia using a binocular and a light microscope D2000 (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany), equipped with a Canon EOS 600D. For the Cyanobacteria, morphological observations consisted of microscopic, ultrastructural, and morphometric analyses. Fresh samples of Cyanobacteria were examined immediately following collection using a light microscope DMZ50 (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) to locate representative subsamples and taxonomically uniform colonies. Fresh and semi-permanent slides were prepared. Observations and measurements were made using a light microscope D2000 (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany), equipped with a Canon EOS 600D. Measurements were carried out with Sigma-Scan Image analytical software (Sausalito, CA, USA) and Motic Images Plus (Motic Group, Hong Kong, China), using a calibrated ocular micrometer and in-scale projections and photomicrographs. Phenotype determination was performed using the available monographs and identification manuals (see [94]) as well as more recent publications, e.g., [95–100]. Some taxonomic revisions with designation changes were introduced following our phylogenetic reconstructions. A voucher number was assigned to each sample together with the date of collection and deposited into the Phycological Herbarium of the University of French Polynesia (UPF). A total of 2435 (1823 macroalgae + 612 Cyanobacteria + 10 seagrasses) specimens were collected (Supplementary Table S1).

## 2.2. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification and Sequencing

Total genomic DNA was extracted from tissue samples dried in silica gel using either (1) a cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide extraction method [101] or (2) the MagPurix® Plant DNA Extraction Kit v.1.3 (ZP02014; Zinexts Life Science Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

For the CTAB protocol, the silica-dried portion was ground in liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle. Extraction of total genomic DNA was carried out using the protocol from OmniPrep for plant tissue (G-Biosciences, St. Louis, MO, USA). For the MagPurix protocol, algal material was directly processed, without grinding, within PLA buffer, and incubated for 4 h at 60 °C. The MagPurix DNA Extraction Kit was run on the MagPurix 12A automated nucleic acid extraction system (Zinexts Life Science Corporation, New Taipei City, Taiwan). The DNA extract (final volume of 100 µL) was stored at -24 °C.

Sequences were generated from the chloroplast ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (*rbcL*) (for the Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta), the chloroplast-encoded elongation factor Tu (*tufA*) (Chlorophyta), the plastid-encoded PSII reaction center protein D1 (*psbA*) (Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta), the mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (*cox3*), (*cox1*) (Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta), 18S (Chlorophyta), 28S (Chlorophyta), 16S rRNA (Cyanobacteria), ITS1 (Alismatales) (Supplementary Table S2).

The primer pairs for the amplification and sequencing of each gene were as follows: for *cox1* M13LF3-M13Rx (Rhodophyta) [102], GazF1-GazR1 [102], for *cox3*, CAF4A-CAR4A (Ochrophyta) [103], and *cox3_44F-cox3-739R* (Ochrophyta) [104], for *rbcL* 68F-R708 [105,106], PRB-F0-PRB-R1A, PRB-F2-PRB-R2, PRB-F3-PRBR3A, *rbcL*3F-RSPS (Ochrophyta) [107], DRL1F-DRL1R (Ochrophyta) and DRL2F-DRL2R (Ochrophyta) [108], 3F-S97R (Ochrophyta) [109], and F57-*rbcL*revNEW (Rhodophyta) [102,110], F7-*RrbcS* start (Rhodophyta) [110], GrbcLnF-GrbcLR (Chlorophyta) [111], for *psbA* *psbA*~F~-*psbA*~R1 [112], for *tufA* *tufA*~F~-*tufA*~R* or *tufG4F-*tufA*~R* [111,113], for 28S rRNA C'1-D2 or C'2B-D2 (Chlorophyta) [114], for 16S rRNA (Cyanobacteria) [115], and for ITS P674-P675 [116,117] (Alismatales) (Supplementary Table S2).

PCRs were either carried out in tube strips in 20 µL reaction volumes using the following PCR master mix: (1) the MG 2X Taq PreMix (MGmed, Seoul, Republic of Korea), (2) the AccuPower® Taq PCR Premix kit (Bioneer Corp., Daejeon, Republic of Korea); or in 96-well plates in 25 µL reaction volumes containing 10X PCR buffer (2.5 µL), 200 µM dNTPs (2.5 µL), 10 µM of each primer (1.25 µL), 10µg/µL BSA (1 µL), 10 ng (1 µL) of genomic DNA, and 1 U/µL of TaqDNA polymerase (Amplitaq DNA polymerase, N8080152, Thermo Fisher, Seoul, Republic of Korea). PCRs were carried out using a thermocycling profile with specific parameters for each marker and primer set used, indicated in Supplementary
Table S3. PCRs were run either in a (1) Kyratec (SC300G-R2; Kyratec, Mansfield, Australia), (2) AllInOneCycler 96-well PCR system (A-2041-1 N; Bioneer Corp., Daejeon, Republic of Korea), (3) Biometra T-professional 96 (BM070-701, Westburg, The Netherlands), or (4) VerityTM (4375786, Thermo Fisher). Sequencing reactions and runs were performed by Macrogen (Seoul, Republic of Korea, or Amsterdam, The Netherlands).

## 2.3. Sequence Alignment, Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Molecular-Assisted Taxonomic Identification

Nucleotide sequences newly generated were firstly BLASTed against the genomic BLAST database on NCBI BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool). BLASTing results allowed for the confirmation that newly generated sequences originated from algal DNA material (and not from microbial contaminants or epiphytes) and were more or less in line with preliminary field identification. All nucleotide sequences available on NCBI GenBank were downloaded for the corresponding marker and taxon, either at the generic level or at a higher taxonomic level (e.g., family level), if doubt on the generic identification existed. Several names assigned to sequences deposited on GenBank are inaccurate or were deposited in GB with a preliminary/different species label prior to final publication) and have not been updated since their publications. Sequences names from GenBank were therefore curated whenever possible based on the most up-to-date taxonomic information available on AlgaeBase (e.g., through updating sequences names with currently accepted species names) and the latest molecular taxonomic studies (e.g., those that delivered amendments on species names assigned to lineages). For large datasets (e.g., greater than 200 sequences) we kept a single representative sequence per haplotype, defined as >99.9% similar, using the CD-HIT program [118] run on a local computer.

Nucleotide sequences newly generated in this study were added to the GenBank down-loaded sequence datasets and aligned using MUSCLE v.3.5 [119], with default parameters implemented in the eBioX software package v.1.5.1 [120].

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were reconstructed from each marker and each class using a best fit substitution model and an SPR branch swapping algorithm in PhyML v.3.0 [121].

Molecular-assisted taxonomic identification was based on placement of newly generated sequences within the phylogenetic trees and sequence similarity. Whenever newly generated sequences did not position clearly within a clade (i.e., a cluster of sequences corresponding to a given species) and diverged from the closest sequences by >1%, these lineages were considered as unidentified species and given the specific epithet "sp.#FP". Finally, we returned to the morphological observations to ensure that molecular-assisted taxonomic identification corresponded to morphological data, at least at the genus level.

# 3. Results

## 3.1. Sequence Data

A total of 2452 specimens (1823 macroalgae + 619 Cyanobacteria + 10 seagrasses) of the French Polynesian marine algal collection were processed, including sequences already published but part of the same projects on French Polynesian marine floral biodiversity (ALGALREEF, CYANODIV, CARISTO, MICROALG). Genomic DNA was extracted from a total of 2452 specimens, followed by PCR analyses. Finally, a total of 1007 sequences (783 macroalgae + 223 Cyanobacteria + 1 seagrass) were generated from 2452 specimens: 252 sequences for the Ochrophyta, including 29 *cox1* sequences (Ochrophyta), 87 *cox3* sequences (Ochrophyta), 76 *psbA* sequences (Ochrophyta), and 60 *cox1* sequences (Ochrophyta); 262 sequences for the Chlorophyta, including 29 18S rDNA sequences (Chlorophyta), 41 28S rDNA sequences (Chlorophyta), 4 ITS sequences (Chlorophyta), 4 *rbcL* sequences (Chlorophyta), and 184 *tufA* sequences (Chlorophyta); 270 sequences for the Rhodophyta, including 270 *rbcL* sequences (Rhodophyta); 1 sequence for the Alismatales, including 1 ITS sequence (Alismatales); 223 sequences from Cyanobacteria, including 61 [20] + 164 (new) 16S rRNA sequences (Cyanobacteria). Additionally, we recovered sequences from GenBank
that were previously published, either focusing directly on French Polynesia (e.g., *Lobophora*, *Newhousia*, *Sargassum*, *Turbinaria* [13,21,74,75]) or not (e.g., *Dictyota* [122], *Halimeda* [65]). We retrieved a total of 585 sequences, including 69 sequences of Rhodophyta (25 *cox1* sequences, 9 *rbcL*, 14 28S, 7 *psbA*, 4 LSU, 3 18S, 5 SSU, 2 23S), 466 sequences of Ochrophyta (1 26S, 7 *cox1*, 217 *cox3*, 1 *psaA*, 111 *psbA*, 119 *rbcL*, 1ITS, 3 *nad1*, 4 SSU, 1 trnW-trnI, 1 *tufA*), and 50 sequences of Chlorophyta (*tufA* only).

## 3.2. *Species Identification*

Based on molecular analyses, we have identified a total of 352 lineages/species: 1 Alismatales, 53 Cyanobacteria, 150 Rhodophyta, 77 Ochrophyta, and 71 Chlorophyta. We could confirm a total of 80 names from previous checklists (7 Cyanobacteria, 26 Rhodophyta, 14 Ochrophyta, 33 Chlorophyta). Our molecular phylogenetic study disclosed a total of 227 new lineages/species for French Polynesia: 115 Rhodophyta, 30 Chlorophyta, 61 Ochrophyta, 20 Cyanobacteria, 1 Alismatales. Among these 227 new lineages, 75 matched a name through the barcoding approach, and 152 did not (i.e., unidentified species) (113 Rhodophyta, 16 Chlorophyta, 23 Ochrophyta, 37 Cyanobacteria). Lineages labelled as "sp.#FP" diverged from the closest sequences from GenBank by >1%. It should be noted that these lineages do not necessarily correspond to new species, but from a barcoding approach, it strictly implies these sequences do not match sequenced species for these particular markers. Further analyses are needed to determine if these lineages should be defined as new species. Also, for those that match a current name, one needs to verify if the identifications of the names in GenBank are accurately based on type specimens or on secondary collections that could have been misidentified. Hence, these numbers need to be taken with caution at this time. We did not get molecular confirmation for 356 names from the previous checklist (170 Rhodophyta, 48 Chlorophyta, 15 Ochrophyta, 115 Cyanobacteria).

# 4. Discussion

This study aimed to revisit the marine floral biodiversity of French Polynesia through DNA barcoding. We discuss the present marine floral biodiversity findings and the value, utility, and challenges of barcoding an entire regional marine flora. Some of the species collected have been illustrated in Figure 2.

## 4.1. *French Polynesian Marine Floral Species Diversity*

Until the last update on regional flora from French Polynesia by N'Yeurt and Payri [16], the marine floral diversity consisted of 430 species: 198 Rhodophyceae, 32 Ochrophyta, 83 Chlorophyceae, and 117 Cyanobacteria. As mentioned earlier, a limited number of molecular-based studies have been conducted in French Polynesia in the past. Taking into account the diversity documented in past works on the French Polynesian flora and the diversity uncovered in the current study, we provide the numbers of 702 species, 320 Rhodophyta, 119 Chlorophyta, 92 Ochrophyta, and 169 Cyanobacteria. Moreover, it is very likely that an important fraction of the names previously documented and not verified with the barcoding approach are misapplied names due to the limitations of traditional methods in resolving morphologically identical species. Previous molecular-based studies have already confirmed this with some pan-tropical genera: *Lobophora* [13], *Gibsmithia* [55], and *Sargassum* [74]. The case of the genus *Lobophora* perhaps illustrates this best; previous works provided the widely-distributed name *Lobophora variegata*, which in fact corresponds to 37 different pseudo-cryptic species that would have been very difficult to discern using traditional techniques [123]. At the family level, e.g., Scytosiphonaceae, among the six previously identified names, four were confirmed via barcoding, six were new, and another two have not been confirmed via barcoding, leaving their previous identification as disputable.

From our study (Table 1), the level of marine floral species endemism is 11% (only including currently accepted names) and extends to 28% when accounting for all new
lineages (i.e., unidentified species). These results, however, need to be taken with caution, as floristic species richness and single-island endemic species richness can be unknown, with dynamic figures dependent on sampling effort [124]. This is especially true of French Polynesia, with its vast geographical area and diversity of habitats.

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2.** Illustrations of some marine flora from French Polynesia. Two cyanobacteria—*Caldora pennicilata* (A), *Anabaena* sp.1 (B), and some macroalgae—*Gibsmithia dotyi* (C), *Trichogloea requienii* (D), *Caulerpa chemnitzia* (E), *Caulerpa webbiana* var. *pickeringii* (F), *Manzaea minuta* (G), *Colpomenia claytoniae* (H).</figcaption></figure>
<table><caption>**Table 1.** Catalog of marine flora (Alismatales, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta) from French Polynesia based on molecular and morphological identifications and compiled from published past records and the present study.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Acrochaetiales</td><td>Acrochaetiaceae</td><td>Acrochaetium barbadense (Vickers)<br>Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acrochaetiales</td><td>Acrochaetiaceae</td><td>Acrochaetium microscopicum<br>(Nägeli ex Kützing) Nägeli</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bonnemaisoniales</td><td>Bonnemaisoniaceae</td><td>Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile)<br>Trevisan</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study,<br>[16,56]</td><td>cox1, rbcL, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Aglaothamnion boergesenii (Aponte<br>& D.L.Ballantine) L'Hardy-Halos<br>& Rueness</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Aglaothamnion sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Aglaothamnion sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Crouania attenuata<br>(C.Agardh) J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Seirospora orientalis Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Spyridia americana Durant</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Spyridia filamentosa<br>(Wulfen) Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Spyridia hypnoides<br>(Bory) Papenfuss</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Spyridia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Callithamniaceae</td><td>Spyridia sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Acrothamnion butlerae<br>(Collins) Kylin</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Antithamnion antillanum Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Antithamnion decipiens (J.Agardh)<br>Athanasiadis</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Antithamnionella breviramosa (E.Y.Dawson) Wollaston</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Antithamnionella elegans (Berthold) J.H.Price & D.M.John</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Centroceras clavulatum (C.Agardh) Montagne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Centroceras minutum Yamada</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Centroceras sp.1FP (cf. Centroceras gasparrinii)</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Centroceras sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Centroceras sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Centroceras sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Centroceras sp.5FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium aduncum Nakamura</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium borneense Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium codii (H.Richards) Mazoyer</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium sp.5FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium upolense G.R.South & Skelton</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Ceramium vagans P.C.Silva</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Corallophila kleiwegii Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Gayliella macrotricha (Feldmann-Mazoyer) Huisman</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Gayliella sp.1 FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Gayliella sp.2 FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Gayliella sp.3 FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Gayliella sp.4 FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Gayliella sp.5 FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Ceramiaceae</td><td>Gayliella transversalis (Collins & Hervey) T.O.Cho & Fredericq</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya anastomosans (Weber Bosse) M.J.Wynne</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya iyengarii Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya mollis Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya murrayana I.A.Abbott & A.J.K.Millar</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya palmatifida (Weber Bosse) A.J.K.Millar & Coppejans</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya pedicellata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Dasya sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Hypoglossum simulans M.J.Wynne, I.R.Price & D.L.Ballantine</td><td>cf. Hypoglossum sp.1</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Hypoglossum sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Martensia fragilis Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Myriogramme cartilaginea (Harvey) Womersley</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Delesseriaceae</td><td>Nitophyllum adhaerens M.J.Wynne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Neuroglosseae</td><td>Schizoseris sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Acanthophora pacifica (Setchell) Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Amansia rhodantha (Harvey) J.Agardh</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Bostrychia moritzian (Sonder ex Kützing) J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Bostrychia tenella (J.V.Lamouroux) J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria arcuata Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria bullata N'Yeurt &amp; Payri</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria dangeardii E.Y.Dawson</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria minutula Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria repens Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria simpliciuscula Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria sp.5FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria sp.6FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondria sp.7FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondrophycus sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondrophycus sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondrophycus sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Chondrophycus succisus (A.B.Cribb) K.W.Nam</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Ditria reptans Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia delicatula Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia dendroidea Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia pacifica Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia parca Setchell</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia secunda (C.Agardh) Ambronn</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Herposiphonia sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Heterosiphonia crispella var. laxa (Børgesen) M.J.Wynne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Heterosiphonia gibbesii (Harvey) Falkenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia caraibica P.C.Silva</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia claviformis Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia decumbens Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia glandulifera (Kützing) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Laurencia sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus apiculatus (Hollenberg) Díaz- Tapia &amp; Maggs</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus delicatulus (Hollenberg) Huisman</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus ecorticatus (R.E.Norris) Díaz-Tapia &amp; Maggs</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus ferulaceus (Suhr ex J.Agardh) Díaz-Tapia &amp; Maggs</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus savatieri (Hariot) Díaz-Tapia &amp; Maggs</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus sphaerocarpus (Børgesen) Díaz-Tapia &amp; Maggs</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus tongatensis (Harvey ex Kützing) Díaz-Tapia &amp; Maggs</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Melanothamnus upolensis (Grunow) Díaz-Tapia &amp; Maggs</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Ohelopapa flexilis</i> (Setchell)<br>F.Rousseau, Martin-Lescanne, Payri & L.Le Gall</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study,<br>[16,63]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada cervicornis</i> (Harvey)<br>Collado-Vides, Cassano & M.T.Fujii</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada crustiformans</i><br>(K.J.McDermid) A.R.Sherwood, A.Kurihara & K.W.Nam</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada parvipapillata</i> (C.K.Tseng)<br>K.W.Nam</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada perforata</i> (Bory) K.W.Nam</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada sp.1FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada sp.2FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada sp.3FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Palisada yamadana</i> (M.Howe)<br>K.W.Nam</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Phaeocolax kajimurae</i> Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia dotyi</i> Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia homoia</i> Setchell & N.L.Gardner</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia poko</i> Hollenberg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia scopulorum</i> Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia sp.1FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia sp.2FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia sp.3FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td><i>Polysiphonia sp.4FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Polysiphonia sp.5FP Polysiphonia sertularioides complex</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Spirocladia barodensis Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Womersleyella herpa (Hollenberg) R.E.Norris</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Rhodomelaceae</td><td>Womersleyella setacea (Hollenberg) R.E.Norris</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Anotrichium sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Anotrichium sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Anotrichium tenue (C.Agardh) Nägeli</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Griffithsia schousboei Montagne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Griffithsia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Griffithsia sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Griffithsia sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Griffithsia sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Haloplegma duperreyi Montagne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Haloplegma sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Ptilothamnion cladophorae (Yamada & T.Tanaka) G.Feldmann-Mazoyer</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ceramiales</td><td>Wrangeliaceae</td><td>Wrangelia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Dawsoniolithon conicum (E.Y.Dawson) Caragnano, Foetisch, Maneveldt & Payri</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[16,59]</td><td>cox1, psbA, SSU, LSU</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Ellisolandia elongata (J.Ellis & Solander) K.R.Hind & G.W.Saunders</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania acutiloba (Decaisne) J.H.Kim, Guiry & H.-G.Choi</td><td>cf. Jania sp.1</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania articulata N'Yeurt & Payri</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania pedunculata var. adhaerens (J.V.Lamouroux) A.S.Harvey, Woelkerling & Reviers</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania pumila J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania spectabilis (Harvey ex Grunow) J.H.Kim, Guiry & H.-G.Choi</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Jania subulata (Ellis & Solander) Sonder</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Corallinaceae</td><td>Parvicellularium sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>[59]</td><td>psbA, LSU</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Hydrolithaceae</td><td>Hydrolithon boergesenii (Foslie) Foslie</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Hydrolithaceae</td><td>Hydrolithon boreale (Foslie) Y.M.Chamberlain</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Hydrolithaceae</td><td>Hydrolithon farinosum (J.V.Lamouroux) Penrose & Y.M.Chamberlain</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Hydrolithaceae</td><td>Hydrolithon murakoshii Iryu & Matsuda</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck)<br>Decaisne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Amphiroa foliacea J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Amphiroa sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Amphiroa sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Amphiroa sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Amphiroa valonioides Yendo</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Lithophyllum sp.1FP</td><td>YES: [60]</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[60]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Lithophyllum flavescens Keats</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Lithophyllum insipidum W.H.Adey,<br>R.A.Townsend & Boykins</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Lithophyllum kotschyanum Unger</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Lithophyllaceae</td><td>Titanoderma pustulatum<br>(J.V.Lamouroux) Nägeli</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Mastophoraceae</td><td>Mastophora pacifica (Heydrich)<br>Foslie</td><td>NOT CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Mesophyllumaceae</td><td>Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie)<br>Me.Lemoine</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Mesophyllumaceae</td><td>Mesophyllum funafutiense (Foslie)<br>Verheij</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Porolithaceae</td><td>Harveylithon rupestre (Foslie)<br>A.Rösler, Perfectti, V.Peña &<br>J.C.Braga</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Porolithaceae</td><td>Harveylithon samoënse (Foslie)<br>A.Rösler, Perfectti, V.Peña &<br>J.C.Braga</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Porolithaceae</td><td>Porolithon gardineri (Foslie) Foslie</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Porolithaceae</td><td>Porolithon onkodes (Heydrich)<br>Foslie</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Porolithaceae</td><td>Porolithon sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>[59]</td><td>cox1, psbA, SSU, LSU</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Porolithaceae</td><td>Porolithon sp.2FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>[59]</td><td>cox1, psbA, SSU, LSU</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Spongitidaceae</td><td>Neogoniolithon brassica-florida<br>(Harvey) Setchell & L.R.Mason</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[16,61]</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Spongitidaceae</td><td>Neogoniolithon fosliei (Heydrich)<br>Setchell & L.R.Mason</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[16,61]</td><td>18S, 23S</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Spongitidaceae</td><td>Neogoniolithon frutescens (Foslie)<br>Setchell & L.R.Mason</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>[61,62]</td><td>cox1, psbA, rbcL, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Spongitidaceae</td><td>Neogoniolithon megalocystum<br>(Foslie) Setchell & L.R.Mason</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corallinales</td><td>Spongitidaceae</td><td>Spongites sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>[59]</td><td>cox1, psbA, rbcL, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Erythropeltales</td><td>Erythrotrichiaceae</td><td>Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn)<br>J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Gelidiaceae</td><td>Gelidium isabelae W.R.Taylor</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Gelidiaceae</td><td>Gelidium samoense Reinbold</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Gelidiellaceae</td><td>Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål)<br>Feldmann & Hamel</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study,<br>[16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Gelidiellaceae</td><td>Gelidiella damseliana Huisman,<br>G.H.Boo & S.M.Boo</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Gelidiellaceae</td><td>Gelidiella fanii S.- M.Lin</td><td>N.R.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study,<br>[54]</td><td>cox1, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Gelidiellaceae</td><td>Gelidiella machrisiana E.Y.Dawson</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Gelidiellaceae</td><td>Parviphycus antipae (Celan)<br>B.Santelices</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Orthogonocladiaceae</td><td><i>Aphanta ligulata</i> Huisman, G.H.Boo & S.M.Boo</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Pterocladiaceae</td><td><i>Pterocladiella</i> sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Pterocladiaceae</td><td><i>Pterocladiella</i> sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Pterocladiaceae</td><td><i>Pterocladiella</i> sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Pterocladiaceae</td><td><i>Pterocladiella caerulescens</i> (Kützing) Santelices & Hommersand</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gelidiales</td><td>Pterocladiaceae</td><td><i>Pterocladiella caloglossoides</i> (M.Howe) Santelices</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Caulacanthaceae</td><td><i>Caulacanthus ustulatus</i> (Turner) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Chondrymeniaceae</td><td><i>Dissimularia tauensis</i> G.T.Kraft & G.W.Saunders</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Chondrymeniaceae</td><td><i>Dissimularia umbraticola</i> (E.Y.Dawson) G.T.Kraft & G.W.Saunders</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Corynocystaceae</td><td><i>Corynocystis prostrata</i> Kraft</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td><i>Calliblepharis saidana</i> (Holmes) M.Y.Yang & M.S.Kim</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td><i>Hypnea esperi</i> Bory, nom. illeg.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td><i>Hypnea pannosa</i> J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td><i>Hypnea</i> sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td><i>Hypnea</i> sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td><i>Hypnea</i> sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td><i>Hypnea</i> sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td>Hypnea sp.5FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td>Hypnea sp.6FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td>Hypnea sp.7FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td>Hypnea sp.8FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td>Hypnea sp.9FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Cystocloniaceae</td><td>Hypnea spinella (C.Agardh) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Dicranemataceae</td><td>Tylotus sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Dumontiaceae</td><td>Dudresnaya hawaiiensis R.K.S.Lee</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Dumontiaceae</td><td>Gibsmithia dotyi Kraft &amp; R.W.Ricker</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[77]; This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Dumontiaceae</td><td>Gibsmithia hawaiiensis Doty</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Dumontiaceae</td><td>Gibsmithia indopacifica D.Gabriel, Draisma &amp; Fredericq</td><td>N.R.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [55]</td><td>cox1, rbcL, 23S</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Dumontiaceae</td><td>Gibsmithia larkumii Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Dumontiaceae</td><td>Gibsmithia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Gloiosiphoniaceae</td><td>Peleophycus multiprocarpius I.A.Abbott</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Kallymeniaceae</td><td>Kallymenia thompsonii I.A.Abbott &amp; McDermid</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Kallymeniaceae</td><td>Meredithia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Phyllophoraceae</td><td>Ahnfeltiopsis pygmaea (J.Agardh) P.C.Silva &amp; DeCew</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Rhizophyllidaceae</td><td>Portieria hornemannii (Lyngbye) P.C.Silva</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Solieriaceae</td><td>Meristotheca sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Solieriaceae</td><td>Meristotheca procumbens<br>P.W.Gabrielson & Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Solieriaceae</td><td>Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gigartinales</td><td>Solieriaceae</td><td>Wurdemannia miniata (Sprengel)<br>Feldmann & Hamel</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gracilariales</td><td>Gracilariaceae</td><td>Gracilaria abbottiana M.D.Hoyle</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gracilariales</td><td>Gracilariaceae</td><td>Gracilaria caudata J.Agardh</td><td>N.R.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gracilariales</td><td>Gracilariaceae</td><td>Gracilaria flabelliformis (P.Crouan<br>& H.Crouan) Fredericq & Gurgel</td><td>N.R.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gracilariales</td><td>Gracilariaceae</td><td>Gracilaria isabellana Gurgel,<br>Fredericq & J.N.Norris</td><td>N.R.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Gracilariales</td><td>Gracilariaceae</td><td>Gracilaria parvispora I.A.Abbott</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gracilariales</td><td>Gracilariaceae</td><td>Gracilaria sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Grateloupiaceae</td><td>Grateloupia filicina<br>(J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study,<br>[16,58]</td><td>rbcL, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Grateloupiaceae</td><td>Grateloupia filiformis Kützing</td><td>N.R.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Grateloupiaceae</td><td>Grateloupia hawaiiana E.Y.Dawson</td><td>N.R.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Grateloupiaceae</td><td>Grateloupia phuquocensis Tanaka &<br>Pham-Hoàng Hồ</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Halymeniaceae</td><td>Cryptonemia palmetta (S.G.Gmelin)<br>Woelkering, G.Furnari, Cormaci<br>& McNeill</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Halymeniaceae</td><td>Halymenia actinophysa M.Howe</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Halymeniaceae</td><td>Halymenia nukuhivensis N'Yeurt<br>& Payri</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Halymeniales</td><td>Tsengiaceae</td><td>Tsengia abbottiana (J.N.Norris &amp; Bucher) J.N.Norris &amp; Bucher</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Actinotrichia fragilis (Forsskål) Børgesen</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Actinotrichia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Actinotrichia sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Actinotrichia sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Dichotomaria marginata (J.Ellis &amp; Solander) Lamarck</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Dichotomaria obtusata (J.Ellis &amp; Solander) Lamarck</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Galaxaura divaricata (Linnaeus) Huisman &amp; R.A.Townsend</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Galaxaura filamentosa R.C.Y.Chou</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Galaxaura pacifica Tanaka</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Galaxaura rugosa (J.Ellis &amp; Solander) J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Galaxaura sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Galaxauraceae</td><td>Tricleocarpa cylindrica (J.Ellis &amp; Solander) Huisman &amp; Borowitzka</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Dermonema virens (J.Agardh) Pedroche &amp; Ávila Ortíz</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Ganonema papenfussii (I.A.Abbott) J.M.Huisman, I.A.Abbott &amp; A.R.Sherwood</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Ganonema sp.1FP</td><td>N.S.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Lin (unpubl.)</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Hommersandiophycus sp.1FP</td><td>N.S.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Lin (unpubl.)</td><td>rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Liagora albicans J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Liagora ceranoides J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Liagora divaricata C.K.Tseng</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Liagora sp. Inedit</td><td>N.S.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Liagora sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Titanophycus validus (Harvey)<br>Huisman, G.W.Saunders &<br>A.R.Sherwood</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Liagoraceae</td><td>Trichogloea requienii (Montagne)<br>Kützing</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Scinaiaceae</td><td>Gloiophloea articulata Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemaliales</td><td>Yamadaellaceae</td><td>Yamadaella caenomyce (Decaisne)<br>I.A.Abbott</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemastomatales</td><td>Nemastomataceae</td><td>Predaea incraspeda Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemastomatales</td><td>Nemastomataceae</td><td>Predaea laciniosa Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemastomatales</td><td>Nemastomataceae</td><td>Predaea weldii Kraft & I.A.Abbott</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemastomatales</td><td>Schizymeniaceae</td><td>Platoma cyclocolpum (Montagne)<br>F.Schmitz</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nemastomatales</td><td>Schizymeniaceae</td><td>Titanophora weberae Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Peyssonneliales</td><td>Peyssonneliaceae</td><td>Agissea inamoena (Pilger) Pestana,<br>Lyra, Cassano & J.M.C. Nunes</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Peyssonneliales</td><td>Peyssonneliaceae</td><td>Peyssonnelia bornetii<br>Boudouresque & Denizot</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Peyssonneliales</td><td>Peyssonneliaceae</td><td>Peyssonnelia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Peyssonneliales</td><td>Peyssonneliaceae</td><td>Peyssonnelia sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Peyssonneliales</td><td>Peyssonneliaceae</td><td>Peyssonnelia sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Peyssonneliales</td><td>Peyssonneliaceae</td><td><i>Polystrata</i> sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Plocamiales</td><td>Plocamiaceae</td><td><i>Plocamium sandvicense</i> J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodogorgonales</td><td>Rhodogorgonaceae</td><td><i>Renouxia antillana</i> Fredericq &amp; J.N.Norris</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Champiaceae</td><td><i>Champia compressa</i> Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Champiaceae</td><td><i>Champia parvula</i> (C.Agardh) Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Champiaceae</td><td><i>Champia sp.1FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Champiaceae</td><td><i>Champia sp.2FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Champiaceae</td><td><i>Champia sp.3FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Champiaceae</td><td><i>Champia vieillardii</i> Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Champiaceae</td><td><i>Coelothrix irregularis</i> (Harvey) Børgesen</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [16]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Faucheaceae</td><td><i>Gloiocladia</i> sp. inedit</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Faucheaceae</td><td><i>Gloioderma iyoense</i> Okamura</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Hymenocladiaceae</td><td><i>Asteromenia anastomosans</i> (Weber Bosse) G.W.Saunders, C.E.Lane, C.W.Schneider &amp; Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Hymenocladiaceae</td><td><i>Asteromenia pseudocoalescens</i> (Sonder ex Kützing) J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Hymenocladiaceae</td><td><i>Asteromenia sp.1FP</i></td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Lomentariaceae</td><td><i>Ceratodictyon intricatum</i> (C.Agardh) R.E.Norris</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Lomentariaceae</td><td><i>Ceratodictyon scoparium</i> (Montagne &amp; Millardet) R.E.Norris</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Lomentariaceae</td><td>Ceratodictyon sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Lomentariaceae</td><td>Ceratodictyon variabile (J.Agardh) R.E.Norris</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Lomentariaceae</td><td>Lomentaria corallicola Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Botryocladia skottsbergii (Børgesen) Levring</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Botryocladia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Botryocladia sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Chamaebotrys boergesenii (Weber Bosse) Huisman</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Chrysymenia kaernbachii Grunow</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>?</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Chrysymenia sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Gloiosaccion brownii Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Halichrysis cf. H. concrescens (J.Agardh) De Toni</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Halichrysis sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Halichrysis sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Halopeltis australis (J.Agardh) G.W.Saunders</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Halopeltis cuneata (Harvey) G.W.Saunders</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Halopeltis sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Rhodymenia corallina (Bory) Greville</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Rhodymenia leptophylla J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Rhodymenia sp. Inedit</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rhodymeniales</td><td>Rhodymeniaceae</td><td>Rhodymenia sp. Inedit</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Sporolithales</td><td>Sporolithaceae</td><td>Sporolithon episoredion (W.H.Adey, R.A.Townsend & Boykins) Verheij</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sporolithales</td><td>Sporolithaceae</td><td>Sporolithon ptychoides Heydrich</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stylonematales</td><td>Stylonemataceae</td><td>Rhodaphanes sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Stylonematales</td><td>Stylonemataceae</td><td>Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K.M.Drew</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Boodleaceae</td><td>Boodlea composita (Harvey) F.Brand</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Boodleaceae</td><td>Boodlea sp.1FPa</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>ITS</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Boodleaceae</td><td>Boodlea sp.1FPb</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>ITS</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Boodleaceae</td><td>Boodlea sp.1FPc</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>ITS</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Bryopsidaceae</td><td>Bryopsis pennata J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL, tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Bryopsidaceae</td><td>Bryopsis pennata var. secunda (Harvey) Collins & Hervey</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[15,77], This study</td><td>rbcL, tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Bryopsidaceae</td><td>Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Bryopsidaceae</td><td>Bryopsis sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Bryopsidaceae</td><td>Bryopsis sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL, tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td>Caulerpa bikinensis W.R.Taylor</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td>Caulerpa chemnitzia (Esper) J.V.Lamouroux.</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td>Caulerpa chemnitzia var. turbinata (J.Agardh) Fernández-García & Riosmena-Rodríguez</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td>Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa cupressoides</i> var. <i>lycopodium</i> Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa cupressoides</i> var. <i>mamillosa</i> (Montagne) Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa nummularia</i> Harvey ex J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa oligophylla</i> Montagne</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> (Forsskål) J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> var. <i>macrophysa</i> (Sonder ex Kützing) W.R.Taylor</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa serrulata</i> (Forsskål) J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa sertularioides</i> (S.G.Gmelin) M.Howe</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa seuratii</i> Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa taxifolia</i> (M.Vahl) C.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa taxifolia</i> f. <i>tristichophylla</i> Svedelius</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa urvilleana</i> Montagne</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa verticillata</i> J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa webbiana</i> Montagne</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Caulerpaceae</td><td><i>Caulerpa webbiana</i> var. <i>pickeringii</i> (Harvey & Bailey) Eubank</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td><i>Codium arabicum</i> Kützing</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td>Codium geppiorum O.C.Schmidt</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td>Codium lucasii Setchell</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td>Codium mamillosum Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td>Codium ovale Zanardini</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td>Codium repens P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td>Codium saccatum Okamura</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Codiaceae</td><td>Codium sursum Kraft &amp; A.J.K.Millar</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Derbesiaceae</td><td>Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea amadelpha (Montagne) A.Gepp &amp; E.S.Gepp</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea calathina Kraft &amp; Olsen-Stojkovich</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[125]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A.Gepp &amp; E.S.Gepp</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea lacerata J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea obscura (C.Agardh) J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea ridleyi A.Gepp &amp; E.S.Gepp</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[125]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Dichotomosiphonaceae</td><td>Avrainvillea spongiosa</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[125]</td><td>rbcL, tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td>Chlorodesmis fastigiata (C.Agardh) S.C.Ducker</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda borneensis</i> W.R.Taylor</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15,64,65]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda discoidea</i> Decaisne</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15,64]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda distorta</i> (Yamada) Hillis-Colinvaux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda distorta.1</i> (Yamada) Hillis-Colinvaux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [64,66]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda distorta.2</i> (Yamada) Hillis-Colinvaux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[64,66]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda gracilis</i> Harvey ex J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[15,65–67]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda heteromorpha</i> N’Yeurt</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15,64,65]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda lacunalis f. lata</i> (W.R.Taylor) L.W.Hillis</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda lacunalis</i> W.R.Taylor</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda macroloba</i> Decaisne</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda melanesica</i> Valet</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda micronesica</i> Yamada</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda minima</i> (W.R.Taylor) Hillis-Colinvaux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15,66]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda opuntia</i> (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15,64,65,68]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Halimeda taenicola</i> W.R.Taylor</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15,64,65,67]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Bryopsidales</td><td>Halimedaceae</td><td><i>Rhipidosiphon javensis</i> Montagne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Anadyomenaceae</td><td>Anadyomene saldanhae A.B.Joly &amp; E.C.Oliveira</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Anadyomenaceae</td><td>Microdictyon sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Anadyomenaceae</td><td>Microdictyon boergesenii Setchell</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Anadyomenaceae</td><td>Microdictyon okamurae Setchell</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Anadyomenaceae</td><td>Microdictyon sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Anadyomenaceae</td><td>Microdictyon umbilicatum (Velley) Zanardini</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Boodleaceae</td><td>Cladophoropsis fasciculata (Kjellman) Wille</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Boodleaceae</td><td>Phyllodictyon anastomosans (Harvey) Kraft &amp; M.J.Wynne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td>18S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Boodleaceae</td><td>Struveopsis sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Chaetomorpha basiretrorsa Setchell</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Chaetomorpha fibrosa (Kützing) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Chaetomorpha linum (O.F.Müller) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora aokii Yamada</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora catenata Kützing</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora glomerata (Linnaeus) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora goweri A.H.S.Lucas</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora patentiramea (Montagne) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora sericea (Hudson) Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora sibogae Reinbold</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>18S, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora socialis Kützing</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>18S, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Cladophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) Hoek</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Lychaete feredayoides (Kraft &amp; A.J.K.Millar) M.J.Wynne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Lychaete herpestica (Montagne) M.J.Wynne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Lychaete ohkuboana (Holmes) M.J.Wynne</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Lychaete sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>18S, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Pseudorhizoclonium africanum (Kützing) Boedeker</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Cladophoraceae</td><td>Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) Feldmann</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskål) Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Dictyosphaeria sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Dictyosphaeria sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Dictyosphaeria sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Dictyosphaeria sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Dictyosphaeria sp.5FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Dictyosphaeria versluysii Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Siphonocladaceae sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>18S, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Siphonocladaceae</td><td>Siphonocladus tropicus (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Valoniaceae</td><td>Valonia aegagropila C.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Valoniaceae</td><td>Valonia fastigiata Harvey ex J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Valoniaceae</td><td>Valonia macrophysa Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Valoniaceae</td><td>Valonia nutrix Kraft et A. Millar</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Valoniaceae</td><td>Valonia ventricosa J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>18S, 28S</td></tr><tr><td>Cladophorales</td><td>Valoniaceae</td><td>Valoniopsis pachynema (G.Martens) Børgesen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dasycladales</td><td>Dasycladaceae</td><td>Neomeris annulata Dickie</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dasycladales</td><td>Dasycladaceae</td><td>Neomeris vanbosseae M.Howe</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dasycladales</td><td>Polyphysaceae</td><td>Parvocaulis parvulus (Solms-Laubach) S.Berger, Fettweiss, Gleissberg, Liddle, U.Richter, Sawitzky & Zuccarello</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Palmophyllales</td><td>Palmophyllaceae</td><td>Verdigellas peltata D.L.Ballantine & J.N.Norris</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva cf. prolifera O.F.Müller</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva cf. tepida Y.Masakiyo & S.Shimada</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva clathrata (Roth) C.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva compressa Linnaeus</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva flexuosa Wulfen</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva lactuca Linnaeus</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [15]</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva pilifera (Kützing) Škaloud &amp; Leliaert</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>tufA</td></tr><tr><td>Ulvales</td><td>Ulvaceae</td><td>Ulva rigida C.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[15]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyopteris delicatula J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyopteris sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota acutiloba J.Agardh</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota bartayresiana J.V.Lamouroux</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14]</td><td>cox1, psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota ceylanica1</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14,70]</td><td>cox1, cox3, psbA, 26S</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota friabilis Setchell</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[14,71], This study</td><td>cox1, cox3, psaA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota hamifera Setchell</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[14,71], This study</td><td>cox1, cox3, nad1, psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota rigida De Clerck &amp; Coppejans</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.10FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox1, psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.2FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox1, psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.3FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox1, psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.4FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox1, psbA</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.5FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.6FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.7FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.8FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox1, psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Dictyota sp.9FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>psbA</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora abscondita C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora aveiae C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora endeavouriae C.W.Vieira</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, nad1, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora gambierensis C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora huifetuae C.W.Vieira & Payri</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora lamourouxii Payri & C.W.Vieira</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora marquisensis C.W.Vieira & Payri</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora moanae C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora motuae C.W.Vieira</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora obscura (Dickie) C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora pacifica (Setchell) C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora petila C.W.Vieira, Payri & De Clerck</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora polynesiensis C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora providenceae C.W.Vieira</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora puhoroae C.W.Vieira & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora rechercheae C.W.Vieira</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora ruae C.W.Vieira, A.D.R.N'Yeurt & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora ruamataiae C.W.Vieira & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sawaikiae C.W.Vieira</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora setchellii C.W.Vieira & Payri</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora societensis C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sonderi C.W.Vieira, De Clerck & Payri</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,73]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.103</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.123</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.128</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.129</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.132</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.133</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.134</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.32</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora sp.70</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora taaroae C.W.Vieira & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora tangaroae C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,73]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora tauruae C.W.Vieira & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora tuamotuensis C.W.Vieira</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora tupaiae C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Lobophora wakae C.W.Vieira, Payri & M.Zubia</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[13,126]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Newhousia imbricata Kraft, G.W.Saunders, I.A.Abbott & Haroun</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[21]</td><td>cox1, cox3, psbA, rbcL, SSU</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina boergesenii Allender & Kraft</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina boryana Thivy</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[14]</td><td>cox3</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina jonesii Tsuda</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina melemele I.A.Abbott & Magruder</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina minor Yamada</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina okinawaensis Ni-Ni-Win, S.Arai & H.Kawai</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3</td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Padina stipitata Tanaka & Nozawa</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[16]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dictyotales</td><td>Dictyotaceae</td><td>Stypopodium sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[14]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Acinetosporaceae</td><td>Feldmannia mitchelliae (Harvey)<br>H.-S.Kim</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Chordariaceae</td><td>Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae Kylin</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Chnoospora minima (Hering)<br>Papenfuss</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Colpomenia claytoniae S.M.Boo,<br>K.M.Lee, G.Y.Cho & W.Nelson</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex<br>Roth) Derbès & Solier</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Hydroclathrus clathratus<br>(C.Agardh) M.Howe</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Hydroclathrus rapanuii Santiañez,<br>Macaya & Kogame</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Hydroclathrus tenuis C.K.Tseng &<br>Lu Baroen</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher)<br>Santiañez & M.J.Wynne</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Hydroclathrus tumulis Kraft<br>& Abbott</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Manzaea minuta (Santiañez &<br>Kogame) Santiañez & Kogame</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Pseudochnoospora implexa<br>(J.Agardh) Santiañez, G.Y.Cho<br>& Kogame</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Rosenvingea australis Huisman,<br>G.H.Boo & S.M.Boo</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3, rbcL</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Rosenvingea endiviifolia (Martius)<br>M.J.Wynne</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14]</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Rosenvingea sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>cox3, psbA, rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Ectocarpales</td><td>Scytosiphonaceae</td><td>Scytosiphon lomentaria<br>(Lyngbye) Link</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[77]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fucales</td><td>Sargassaceae</td><td>Sargassum echinocarpum J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[14]</td><td>cox3, rbcL, ITS</td></tr><tr><td>Fucales</td><td>Sargassaceae</td><td>Sargassum obtusifolium J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[74]</td><td>cox3, rbcL, ITS</td></tr><tr><td>Fucales</td><td>Sargassaceae</td><td>Sargassum pacificum Bory</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[14]</td><td>cox3, rbcL, ITS</td></tr><tr><td>Fucales</td><td>Sargassaceae</td><td>Spatoglossum sp.1FP</td><td>N.L.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [14]</td><td>rbcL</td></tr><tr><td>Fucales</td><td>Sargassaceae</td><td>Turbinaria ornata (Turner)<br>J.Agardh</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[14]</td><td>rbcL, trnW-trnL,<br>tufA, ITS</td></tr><tr><td>Ralfsiales</td><td>Ralfsiaceae</td><td>Neoralfsia expansa (J.Agardh)<br>P.-E.Lim & H.Kawai ex Cormaci<br>& G.Furnari</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scytothamnales</td><td>Asteronemataceae</td><td>Asteronema breviarticulatum<br>(J.Agardh) Ouriques & Bouzon</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sphacelariales</td><td>Sphacelariaceae</td><td>Sphacelaria rigidula Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sphacelariales</td><td>Sphacelariaceae</td><td>Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tilopteridales</td><td>Cutleriaceae</td><td>Cutleri irregularis I.A.Abbott<br>& Huisman</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tilopteridales</td><td>Cutleriaceae</td><td>Cutleri mollis Allender & Kraft</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[14]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Chroococcus membraninus<br>(Meneghini) Nägeli</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Chroococcus minor<br>(Kützing) Nägeli</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Chroococcus schizodermaticus West</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Chroococcus turgidus<br>(Kützing) Nägeli</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Entophysalis conferta (Kützing)<br>Drouet & Daily</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Entophysalis crustacea (J.Agardh)<br>Drouet et Daily</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Entophysalis granulosa Kützing</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Chroococcaceae</td><td>Entophysalis sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Aphanothecaceae</td><td>Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Aphanothecaceae</td><td>Aphanothece sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Microcystaceae</td><td>Aphanocapsa litoralis Hansgirg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcales</td><td>Microcystaceae</td><td>Microcystis sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chroococcidiopsidales</td><td>Aliterellaceae</td><td>Chlorogloea sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Heteroleibleinia erecta (Gardner)<br>Anagnostidis</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Heteroleibleinia gardneri (Geitler)<br>Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Heteroleibleinia infixa (Frémy)<br>Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Heteroleibleinia willei (Setchell &<br>N.L.Gardner) Guiry & D.M.John</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Pseudophormidium purpureum<br>(Gomont) Anagnostidis<br>& Komárek.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td>Schizothrix giuseppei Drouet</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td>Schizothrix lacustris A.Braun<br>ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td>Schizothrix longiarticulata Gardner</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td><i>Schizothrix minuta</i> (Forti) Geitler</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td><i>Schizothrix</i> sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td><i>Schizothrix</i> sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td><i>Schizothrix telephoroides</i> Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td><i>Trichocoleus acutissimus</i> (N.L.Gardner) Anagnostidis</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td><i>Trichocoleus</i> sp.</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptolyngbyales</td><td>Trichocoleusaceae</td><td><i>Trichocoleus tenerrimus</i> (Gomont) Anagnostidis</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Aphanizomenonaceae</td><td><i>Cylindrospermum licheniforme</i> Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Aphanizomenonaceae</td><td><i>Nodularia hawaiiensis</i> Tilden</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Aphanizomenonaceae</td><td><i>Nodularia spumigena</i> Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Aphanizomenonaceae</td><td><i>Nodularia spumigena</i> var. major Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Hapalosiphonaceae</td><td><i>Fischerella ambigua</i> (Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault) Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Hapalosiphonaceae</td><td><i>Hapalosiphon pumilis</i> Kirchner ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Hapalosiphonaceae</td><td><i>Mastigocoleus testarum</i> Lagerheim ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Heteroscytonemataceae</td><td><i>Heteroscytonema</i> sp.</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td><i>Anabaena</i> sp.1</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td><i>Anabaena</i> sp.2</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td><i>Anabaena torulosa</i> Lagerheim ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td>Desmonostoc muscorum (Bornet & Flahault) Hrouzek & Ventura</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td>Nostoc commune Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td>Nostoc ellipsosporum Rabenhorst ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td>Nostoc linckia Bornet ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Nostocaceae</td><td>Nostoc minutissimum Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium holdenii (Forti) Branco, Sant'Anna, Azevedo & Sormus</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Calothrix aeruginea Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Calothrix clavata West</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Calothrix confervicola C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Calothrix fusca Bornet et Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Calothrix parietina Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Calothrix scopulorum C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Dichothrix hosfordii Bornet</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Dichothrix rupicola Collins</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Kyrtuthrix maculans (Gomont) I.Umezaki</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Microchaete grisea Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><td>Order</td><td>Family</td><td>Species Name</td><td>Molecular Confirmation</td><td>Endemic</td><td>Morphology</td><td>Regional DNA Sequence</td><td>References</td><td>Markers Sequenced</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Microchaete tapahiensis Setchell</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Microchaete vitiensis Askenasy</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Rivulariaceae</td><td>Rivularia polyotis Roth ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Brachytrichia codii Setchell</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Brachytrichia quoyi Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema coactile Montagne ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema guyanense Bornet et Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema hoffmannii C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema ocellatum Lyngbye ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema polycystum Bornet et Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema saleyeriense Weber Bosse</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema varium Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonema wolleanum Forti</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonematopsis crustacea (Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault) Kováčik & Komárek.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Scytonemataceae</td><td>Scytonematopsis pilosa (Bornet & Flahault) Umezaki & Watanabe</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Nostocales</td><td>Tolypothrichaceae</td><td>Hassallia byssoidea Hassall ex Bornet & Flahault.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Coleofasciculaceae</td><td>Geitlerinema sp.</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Coleofasciculaceae</td><td>Geitlerinema sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Coleofasciculaceae</td><td>Geitlerinema sp.2FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Arthrospira ardissoonei Forti</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Arthrospira margaritae (Frémy) Gomont ex Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Arthrospira miniata Gomont</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Blennothrix cantharidosma (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [17]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Blennothrix cantharidosma-B (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Blennothrix cantharidosma-R (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Blennothrix glutinosa (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[17,20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Blennothrix lyngbyacea (Kützing ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Blennothrix major-B (Holden) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Blennothrix major-GB (Holden) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Caldora penicillata (Gomont)<br>Engene, Tronholm & V.J.Paul</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Caldora sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes<br>(Gomont) M.Siegesmund,<br>J.R.Johansen & T.Friedl</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Dapis pnigousa Engene, Tronholm<br>& V.J.Paul</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Dapis sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Dapis sp.2FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Dapis sp.3FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Dapis sp.4FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Hydrocoleum coccineum Gomont</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [17,20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Leibleinia epiphytica (Hieronymus)<br>Compère</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Leibleinia gracilis (Rabenhorst ex<br>Gomont) Anagnostidis &<br>Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [17,20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Limnospira maxima (Setchell &<br>N.L.Gardner)<br>Nowicka-Krawczyk,<br>Mühlsteinová & Hauer</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Microcoleus paludosus Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Microcoleus sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Neolyngbya sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Neolyngbya sp.2FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. *Cont.*</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Okeania hirsuta Engene, Paul, Byrum, Gerwick, Thor & Ellisman</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Okeania plumata N.Engene, V.J.Paul, T.Byrum, W.H.Gerwick, A.Thor & M.H.Ellisman</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Okeania sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Okeania sp.2FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Plectonema mirabile Thuret ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Plectonema wollei f. gracilis Frémy</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Porphyrosiphon fuscus Gomont ex Frémy</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Symploca atlantica Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Symploca hydnoides Kützing ex Gomont</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [17,20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Symploca kieneri Drouet</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Symploca laeteviridis Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Symploca muralis Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Symploca sp.</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Symploca sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Microcoleaceae</td><td>Tychonema sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Kamptonema formosum (Bory ex Gomont) Strunecký, Komárek & J.Smarda</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Kamptonema laetevirens (H.M.Crouan & P.L.Crouan ex Gomont) Strunecký, Komárek & J.Smarda</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya aestuari Liebman ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya confervoides C.Agardh ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya intermedia Hansgirg</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya lutea Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya majuscula Harvey ex Gomont</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya martensiana Meneghini ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya semiplena J.Agardh ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya sordida Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Lyngbya sp.1</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria bonnemaisonii P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan ex Gomont</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[17,20]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria corallinae Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria limosa C.Agardh ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria maraensis Setchell</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria princeps Vaucher ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria sancta f. caldariorum Elenkin</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria sancta f. tenuis (Woronichin) Elenkin</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria sancta Kützing ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria sp.1</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria sp.2</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria sp.3</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Oscillatoria tahitensis Grunow ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium ambiguum Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium breve (Kützing ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium gardneri Muzafarov</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium monile Setchell et Gardner</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium nigroviride (Thwaites ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium papyraceum Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium sp.1</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium sp.2</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium sp.3</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Oscillatoriales</td><td>Oscillatoriaceae</td><td>Phormidium terebriforme (C.Agardh ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pleurocapsales</td><td>Dermocarpellaceae</td><td>Dermocarpa sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pleurocapsales</td><td>Pleurocapsaceae</td><td>Hyella caespitosa Bornet et Flahault</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table 1. Cont.</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Pleurocapsales</td><td>Pleurocapsaceae</td><td>Hyella sp.</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spirulinales</td><td>Spirulinaceae</td><td>Spirulina rosea P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan ex Gomont</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Spirulinales</td><td>Spirulinaceae</td><td>Spirulina sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Spirulinales</td><td>Spirulinaceae</td><td>Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[17,20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Spirulinales</td><td>Spirulinaceae</td><td>Spirulina tenerrima Kützing ex Gomont</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya calotrichoides (Gomont) Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya crossbyana (Tilden) Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [17]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya fragilis (Gomont) Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya hendersonii (Howe) Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya mucicola (Lemmermann) Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya nostocorum (Borner ex Gomont) Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya sp.1</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya sp.2</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study, [20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya sp.3</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td>Leptolyngbya sp.4</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 1. Cont.**</caption><thead><tr><th>Order</th><th>Family</th><th>Species Name</th><th>Molecular Confirmation</th><th>Endemic</th><th>Morphology</th><th>Regional DNA Sequence</th><th>References</th><th>Markers Sequenced</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Leptolyngbyaceae</td><td><i>Leptolyngbya terebrans</i> (Bornet & Flahault ex Gomont)<br>Anagnostidis & Komárek</td><td>N.S.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[17]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Pseudanabaenaceae</td><td><i>Pseudanabaena lonchoides</i><br>Anagnostidis</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>[20]</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Synechococcales</td><td>Pseudanabaenaceae</td><td><i>Pseudanabaena</i> sp.1FP</td><td>CONF.</td><td>?</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study</td><td>16S</td></tr><tr><td>Alismatales</td><td>Hydrocharitaceae</td><td><i>Halophila decipiens</i> Ostenfeld</td><td>N.S.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>[127]</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alismatales</td><td>Hydrocharitaceae</td><td><i>Halophila ovalis</i> (R.Brown)<br>Hooker f.</td><td>CONF.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>This study,<br>[AH]</td><td>ITS</td></tr></tbody></table>

CONF.: Confirmed with molecular data; N.L.: New lineage/species; N.S.: No sequence; N.R.: New record; Y: Yes; N: No; ?: unknown.
## 4.2. Matching Barcode Data to Morphological-Based Identifications

Matching sequences to previously identified names turned out to be more challenging than expected. We were able to match sequences onto only 80 names (~18.6%) of the 430 names that were previously identified based on morphological data only. In the process, we unveiled a large potentially unknown species diversity (227 new lineages/species), including 75 previously described species and 152 unknown lineages. Accordingly, important taxonomic work remains to be conducted on French Polynesian marine flora to confirm if these new lineages and species reported through barcoding represent actual new taxa. The Rhodophyta in particular will require extensive studies, with no less than 113 unmatched lineages, i.e., not closely matching sequences from GenBank for our reference markers. This work would be all the more important considering that biogeographically speaking, species diversity generally decreases as one moves east from the Indo-Pacific centers of distribution [13,128,129].

## 4.3. Challenges of Barcoding an Entire Marine Flora

Barcoding an entire marine flora can be a complex and challenging task, with several obstacles to take into account. Difficulties include the availability of a comprehensive barcode reference library, a lack of new specimens for rare or seasonal species, a lack of taxonomic expertise, and difficulties in the amplification and matching of barcode data [130]. Based on our own study, we have highlighted some of the major challenges we have faced when barcoding an entire flora that one should be aware of when conducting such studies. These difficulties are inherent to (1) data collection, (2) molecular analyses, and (3) DNA-based identification.

### 4.3.1. Data Collection Challenges: Spatial Coverage

Marine flora are found in a wide range of habitats, from the intertidal zone to the deep ocean. Conducting a survey that covers all of these habitats can be logistically difficult and time consuming. Considering that French Polynesia consists of some 120 islands with a coastline of 5830 km dispersed over an area of 2,500,000 km², comprehensive sampling covering the whole region is a daunting and unmanageable task. Moreover, some species are locally very limited in geographic distribution (e.g., *Dasya palmatifida* from Afaahiti in Tahiti; *Stypopodium australasicum* from Rapa Island) and, consequently, inconvenient to sample. In our study, we were able to sample a total of 12 islands (c. 10% of all islands). While our study covered intertidal to subtidal areas (down to 60 m depth), sampling was chiefly conducted in shallow depths. We are therefore missing the biodiversity below these depths (e.g., mesophotic depths), which, as illustrated in recent studies, may vary from that of shallower depths (e.g., [131]); also, microhabitats were not sampled. It is evident that we are still missing an important fraction of the total algal diversity from French Polynesia.

### 4.3.2. Data Collection Challenges: Seasonal Coverage

The abundance and distribution of seaweeds can vary seasonally, depending on factors such as temperature, light, and nutrient availability. Conducting a survey over multiple seasons can help to account for this variability but can also be logistically challenging. Considering that there are two main seasons in French Polynesia (hot and humid from November to March, and drier and cooler from April to October), sampling efforts would need to be doubled, without counting the flora that thrive during inter-seasons. This is especially true for genera of brown algae, for instance, *Colpomenia*, *Rosenvingea*, *Hydroclathrus*, and *Sargassum* [14,132]. Many genera (*Hydroclathrus*, *Rosenvingea*, *Pseudochnoospora*) belonging to the family Scytosiphonaceae are blooming seasonally after the cool season between September and December [51]. The abundance of some Dictyotaceae species varies strongly between seasons, such as the genus *Padina*, which has the highest cover during the austral summer [19].
#### 4.3.3. Data Collection Challenges: Taxonomic Expertise

Marine algae are a diverse group of organisms, with many different species that can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Taxonomic expertise is required to accurately identify the different species, which can be time consuming and resource intensive. Marine plant taxonomists usually specialize in specific groups and will develop a sharp eye in the field for their group of expertise. So, while a molecular approach will allow us to uncover hidden diversity, sampling will first and foremost demand from collectors a high discriminatory capacity between taxonomic assemblages in the field, and primary field identification and classification of the collected specimens will require a high level of taxonomic expertise from several specialists for each group to meaningfully synthesize morphological and molecular data [133]. Another critical challenge is that the availability of trained morphological taxonomists is in a worldwide decline due to a lack of recognition and funding for this discipline of research [133].

#### 4.3.4. Data Collection Challenges: Sampling Methods

Marine algae are attached to rocks, the substratum, or other organisms, making it difficult to collect samples without damaging the habitat or the flora itself. Additionally, some epiphytic and turf species are microscopic (e.g., Ceramiales, Rhodophyta), rare, or occur in mixed assemblages or low densities, making them difficult to find, sort, and sample.

#### 4.3.5. Molecular Analyses: DNA Quality and Quantity

Obtaining good-quality DNA from all the species in a marine flora can be challenging, as some species may be difficult to collect, rare, or preserved in a way that is not suitable for DNA extraction. We were able to generate 1007 sequences from 2452 specimens (1823 macroalgae, 619 Cyanobacteria, and 10 seagrasses) from which we extracted DNA. Additionally, some species may have a low DNA yield, which can make barcode amplification difficult.

#### 4.3.6. DNA-Based Identification: Markers and Reference Library

DNA barcoding approaches rely on accurate species identification, and if the reference database contains errors or incomplete information, it can lead to misidentification. As discussed at length in [80], the current challenge with DNA barcoding is the necessity to have a good reference dataset. The reference database is largely lacking in many groups, since not all known species have been sequenced yet, and not all species have been described, with many regions still hosting novelties that remain to be identified. Another major issue is the choice of markers. Currently, no universal marker is used across and within marine floral phyla. For the Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta, *rbcL* is by far the best reference marker, while *tufA* is preferred for the Chlorophyta [80,111]. Nevertheless, the reference library is far from complete for many taxa within each phylum. For instance, within the Rhodophyta, an *rbcL* library for the Corallinophycidae is largely lacking, and within this group, *cox1* and *psbA* are preferred markers; similarly, in the Chlorophyta, the *44 tufA* reference library does not include the Cladophorales, for which nuclear markers are used (e.g., 18S, 28S, ITS). In this sense, [80] highlighted the need to complement the algal GenBank reference libraries, for instance, with mitochondrial markers such as *cox1* and *cox3*. As a result, there may be difficulties in identifying and classifying all the species in a given marine flora using a single marker per phylum. The marker selection and reference library completeness and quality are likely the main limitations of a standardized approach to DNA barcoding.

#### 4.3.7. DNA-Based Identification: Variation within Species

While DNA barcoding is highly accurate, there can be significant genetic variability within a species, especially across latitudinal gradients, which can make it difficult to distinguish between closely related species in under-sampled regions [134,135]. This can lead to misidentification or the creation of artificial species groups, if the threshold
to separate ‘species’ is incorrectly applied. This has led some taxonomists to suggest considering species as ‘discrete evolutionary units’ rather than finite taxa [133].

### 4.3.8. Cost and Time

Barcoding an entire flora can be a costly and time-consuming process, as each sample must be collected, processed, sequenced, and analyzed. The cost can also vary depending on the sequencing technology used and the number of samples and markers analyzed. We have calculated an average price ranging from USD 50 to 100 per specimen from collection to sequencing.

### 4.4. Utility of DNA Barcoding to Identify Cryptic Species and Ill-Defined Species

DNA barcoding can be especially useful in identifying cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species (i.e., species difficult to distinguish based on morphological characteristics alone) new to science and ill-defined species (e.g., lacking reproductive features to make firm taxonomic decisions). Cryptic species are difficult to find and study in the wild. Through using DNA barcoding, we can identify and distinguish between different species with a high degree of accuracy, even if they have very similar morphological characteristics. Furthermore, DNA barcoding can be used to confirm the identity of species whose names had been previously misapplied.

### 4.5. Conserving the Biodiversity of French Polynesian Marine Flora through DNA Barcoding

As shown in this study, French Polynesia is home to a diverse range of marine plants, including various species of Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Ochrophyta (but only two species of seagrasses). Many of these species are important for ecological reasons, such as providing habitat for other marine organisms, as well as for economic purposes, such as being used for food [136-138] and other commercial purposes [139,140]. However, some of these species are threatened by factors such as pollution, coastal development, tourism, and the proliferation of some brown macroalgae (e.g., Dictyotales, Sargassaceae [141]) and Cyanobacteria [20,142]. Marine floral biodiversity is threatened globally, and rapid surveying and monitoring are needed before species are irremediably lost. DNA barcoding can be used to help conserve biodiversity through accurately identifying different species and understanding their genetic relationships [44]. Using DNA barcoding in conjunction with traditional taxonomic expertise and systematic habitat sampling results in a quicker, more precise understanding of species diversity. This knowledge can then be used to inform conservation efforts, such as identifying which species are most in need of protection and which areas are most important for conservation.

In addition to its conservation applications, DNA barcoding can also be used for other purposes, such as detecting the presence of invasive species. The number of alien marine species recorded in the various coastal countries and islands of the world has continued to increase, particularly since the second half of the 20th century, in connection with the increase in maritime traffic and aquaculture exchanges [143]. The morpho-taxonomic methods traditionally employed by many marine monitoring programs are laborious, expensive, and require taxonomic expertise that is often lacking or in decline. In addition, the morpho-taxonomic approach is often unable to detect microscopic invasive species or those at the larval stage, which limits the capacity for eradication, especially at the first stage of introduction. The recent development of molecular tools (e.g., metabarcoding), in particular high-throughput DNA sequencing such as environmental DNA monitoring [143], offers enormous advantages in marine monitoring due to its dual capacity to detect invasive species at any stage of development, while producing a comprehensive and holistic view of all biological communities present in any type of environmental sample (water, sediment, biofilm/biofouling [144,145]). However, it implies that reference molecular data are available, and its effectiveness depends on the choice of genetic markers used. These techniques are particularly effective at detecting targeted species, including when they are present in low density, and make it possible to massively increase the number of sites studied.
They are thus complementary to traditional techniques [146]. A survey based on eDNA metabarcoding would have revealed 22 species of introduced seaweeds—of which only one species was confirmed with barcoding, *Solieria filiformis*)—including 21 Rhodophyta and 1 Ochrophyta (*Colpomenia sinuosa*) [147]. The latter study defined “introduced” as “non-native” based on the information available on the database WORMS [148] (i.e., to determine a species geographic origin). Nevertheless, comprehensive large-scale phylogeographic analyses are necessary to conclusively determine the natural geographic range of a given species [149]. For instance, [148] listed the cosmopolitan species *C. sinuosa* as an introduced species in French Polynesia. However, a global phylogeographic study conducted on this taxon showed that it consisted of a species complex with high genetic diversity mainly associated with its geographic distribution [150]. In our study, *C. sinuosa* belonged to two groups within the *C. sinuosa* complex, both broadly distributed in the Pacific, thus not supporting the hypothesis of an introduction. On the other hand, another species, *Gracilaria caudata*, with a clear native range in the Atlantic [151], was identified from Tahiti in our study—but not in [147].

**5. Conclusions**

This study demonstrated how DNA barcoding is a powerful tool that can help to document and conserve the biodiversity of marine flora worldwide. DNA barcoding can help to create a more accurate picture of biodiversity and inform conservation efforts to protect local species. Our revised listing of French Polynesian marine flora now contains a total of 670 species, including 2 species of Alismatales, 146 Cyanobacteria, 315 Rhodophyta, 92 Ochrophyta, and 115 Chlorophyta, a nearly two-fold increase from previous estimates. Further systematic studies (both molecular and using traditional taxonomic expertise) will be needed to validate the taxonomic identity of the numerous new molecular lineages reported in this study. The DNA database presented in this study has the potential to serve as a valuable reference library for identification purposes, making a significant contribution to the advancement of molecular taxonomy, ecological research, and biodiversity studies in French Polynesia.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/biology12081124/s1, Table S1: Detailed information of specimens sequenced in this study; Table S2: Detailed information of markers and primers sequence used in this study; Table S3: Detailed information on polymerase chain reaction steps used for each gene studied.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, C.V. and M.Z.; methodology, C.V. and M.Z.; software, C.V.; validation, C.V. and M.Z.; formal analysis, C.V., S.D. and M.Z.; investigation, C.V., A.D.R.N. and M.Z.; resources, C.V., M.S.K., O.D.C. and M.Z.; data curation, C.V., A.D.R.N. and M.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, C.V., A.D.R.N. and M.Z.; writing—review and editing, C.V., A.D.R.N., M.S.K., O.D.C., C.P. and M.Z.; visualization, C.V. and M.Z.; supervision, C.V. and M.Z.; project administration, C.V. and M.Z.; funding acquisition, C.V., M.Z., M.S.K. and O.D.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research work was supported by two LABEX CORAIL research grants under the program ALGALREEF (ANR-10-LABX-0008:‘Les communautés algales des récifs coralliens: diversité, structure et fonctions écologiques’) and the program CYANODIV (ANR-10-LABX-0008:‘Etude de la répartition spatio- temporelle de la diversité des peuplements de cyanobactéries benthiques de Tahiti et Moorea’), and by the countries of France and French Polynesia (Contrat de Projet “Caractérisation et gestion des risques environnementaux et sanitaires liés au développement du phytoplancton ciguatérigène en Polynésie française: CARISTO-Pf” No. 7937/MSR/REC of 4 December 2015 and Arrêté No. HC/491/DIE/BPT of 30 March 2016), from the University of French Polynesia (BIOALG, DIVECOBAL, MICROBALG), from the Delegation a la recherche de Polynésie française (DIVECOBAL, No. 3412/MSR/REC). CV is indebted to Ghent University for a grant as postdoctoral researcher (16/PDO/141). CV’s mobility in 2019 to Tahiti was supported by The Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) grant V406219N. DNA sequencing was carried out with infrastructure funded by EMBRC Belgium—FWO project GOH3817N and I001621N. This research was supported by the Basic Science
Research Program (2019R1A6A1A10072987 and 2020R1I1A2069706) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Materials. Phylogenetic trees generated for taxonomic identification are available upon request.

**Acknowledgments:** We acknowledge support we received for some collections, including from Melanie Roué; the "cig-uatera research team" from the Institut Louis Mallardé; Tohei Theophilus; the Braveheart vessel crew for the research expedition in Morane; Laetitia Hédouin and the "Under The Pole" team for the sampling in mesophotic reefs (CAPSULES program); and David Lecchini for the Bora Bora expedition.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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