# The Universe with its Systems is Stable

Chinnaraji Annamalai

► To cite this version:

Chinnaraji Annamalai. The Universe with its Systems is Stable. Cambridge University Press, 2025, 10.33774/coe-2025-3mpb9. hal-04953852

HAL Id: hal-04953852

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Submitted on 18 Feb 2025

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# The Universe with its Systems is Stable

Chinnaraji Annamalai

School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

Email: anna@iitkgp.ac.in

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-2584

## Why is the universe with its systems stable?

Let us consider the following diagram (Figure 1) as the universe with its systems. In this diagram, each circle denotes a star system like solar system. These systems in the universe are bound by gravitational attraction. The distance between any two consecutive systems in the universe remains unchanged in any direction; otherwise, the systems can collide with each other over the period of time. Therefore, the distances between systems of the universe are not possible to change. As a result, the universe with its systems is stable [1].

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. The Universe with its Systems.</figcaption></figure>
Note that asteroids including any objects/particles other than planets in planetary system colliding with planets should not be taken into account.

References

[1] Annamalai, C. (2025) The Universe with its Systems is Stable. Zenodo Preprints. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14864227.