# Parentage and origin of the grapevine cultivar 'Jutrzenka' based on SSR markers

Daniel Widz, Andrej Perko, Maryline Roques, Valérie Laucou, Stanko Vršič, Pavel Pavloušek, Thierry Lacombe, Franco Röckel

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

► To cite this version:

Daniel Widz, Andrej Perko, Maryline Roques, Valérie Laucou, Stanko Vršič, et al. Parentage and origin of the grapevine cultivar 'Jutrzenka' based on SSR markers. Vitis, 2025, 64, pp.17. 10.5073/vitis.2025.64.17. [https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05484228v1](https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05484228v1)

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Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 - Attribution - International License
Daniel Widz* , Andrej Perko<fnref n="1" />, Maryline Roques<fnref n="2" />, Valérie Laucou<fnref n="2" />,<fnref n="3" /> , Stanko Vršič<fnref n="1" /> , Pavel Pavloušek<fnref n="4" /> , Thierry Lacombe<fnref n="2" />,<fnref n="3" /> , Franco Röckel<fnref n="5" />

# Parentage and origin of the grapevine cultivar 'Jutrzenka' based on SSR markers

## Affiliations

## Correspondence

*Daniel Widz: daniel.widz@wp.pl, Andrej Perko: a.perko@um.si, Maryline Roques: maryline.roques@vignevin.com, Valérie Laucou: valerie.laucou@inrae.fr, Stanko Vršič: stanko.vrsic@um.si, Pavel Pavloušek: pavel.pavlousek@mendelu.cz, Thierry Lacombe: thierry.lacombe@supagro.fr, Franco Röckel: franco.roeckel@julius-kuehn.de

## Summary

DNA analysis of the Polish grapevine cultivar 'Jutrzenka' enabled the determination of its genetic profile based on 22 SSR markers. Comparative analysis of SSR profiles confirmed its identity with the Russian variety 'Tsvetochnyi', supporting the conclusion that 'Jutrzenka' is a synonym. After the exclusion of 'Jutrzenka''s previously declared parents, 'Villard Blanc' and 'Pinot Blanc', 'Tsvetochnyi' was confirmed as derived by 'Severnyi' × 'Muscat à petits grains blancs', as declared by its breeders.

## Keywords

Tsvetochnyi, genetic profile, parentage analysis, DNA analysis, synonym identification

## Introduction

The white grapevine cultivar 'Jutrzenka', popular in Poland, has been propagated by the Golesz Vineyard (Winnica Golesz, Jasło) since the early 21st century (Bosak, 2003). According to the Polish vineyard registry maintained by the National Support Centre for Agriculture (KOWR), it is currently cultivated in 81 registered vineyards (KOWR, 2025), covering a total area of 6.17 hectares, which represents 0.62% of the country's total vineyard area (EnoPortal.pl, 2025). However, it is not included in the list of cultivars authorized for varietal wine production (European Commission, 2024).

Originally, 'Jutrzenka' was introduced as a cultivar bred by R. Myśliwiec through an intentional cross between 'Villard Blanc' (syn. S.V. 12-375) and 'Pinot Blanc' (Bosak, 2003; Myśliwiec, 2006). This pedigree has been cited in a number of subsequent publications (e.g., Krośniak et al., 2009;

Jeleń et al., 2011; Dobrowolska-Iwanek et al., 2014; Gąstoł, 2015; Pavloušek, 2015; Bosak, 2016; Michlovský, 2018; Gąstoł et al., 2021; Myśliwiec et al., 2023).

ISSR marker (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat) analysis published in 2019, covering 38 grapevine cultivars from the collection of the Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, Poland, indicated that 'Jutrzenka' is a complex hybrid showing a high degree of genetic similarity (similarity coefficient 0.681) with the variety 'Severnyi Rannyi', a cross between 'Severnyi' and 'Malingre Précoce' (Lisek and Lisek, 2019).

The fruits of 'Jutrzenka' are characterized by a distinctive aroma of mint and blackcurrant leaves, and the resulting wines are well suited for blending or enhancing wines with a neutral aromatic profile (Myśliwiec, 2006). This pronounced varietal aroma suggests a possible inconsistency with the presumed parent varieties, which are known for their simple and neutral aromatic profiles. These observations led to the hypothesis that the parentage of 'Jutrzenka' may differ from that reported in the literature. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to determine the actual parentage of 'Jutrzenka' and to verify its genetic distinctness or potential identity with another known grapevine variety.

Currently, fast and accurate identification of grapevine varieties and their parentage is possible through microsatellite DNA analysis using the PCR-SSR (Polymerase Chain Reaction – Simple Sequence Repeats) method (Villano et al., 2022). This analysis yields a set of SSR markers that together define a variety's unique genetic profile (Laucou et al., 2011). For variety identification, at least nine SSR markers are required: VrZAG62, VrZAG79, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VVMD5, VVMD7, and VVS2 (OIV, 2019; Röckel, 2025). For parentage assessment, extended panels of 20 or more SSR markers are used to improve accuracy and ensure reliable parentage assignment (Cipriani et al., 2010; Lacombe et al., 2013;

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹University Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia.</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²IFV-UMT Geno-Vigne®, Montpellier, France.</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic.</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany.</footnote>
Žulj Mihaljević et al., 2020.; Margaryan et al., 2021; Röckel et al., 2021). Minor discrepancies may arise between SSR profiles of the same varieties obtained in different laboratories due to methodological differences; however, such profiles can be compared by adjusting allele sizes using reference variety profiles (This et al., 2004).

## Material and Methods

Four samples of 'Jutrzenka' were analyzed in this study: three (canes with winter buds) from Poland, collected and genotyped in February 2025, and one historical sample (leaves) from Slovenia genotyped in 2021:

* Sample J-01 - from the collection of D. Widz, Kleszczów, Kraków County, Poland;

* Sample JGO-01 - from the collection of G. Orlowski, Uszew, Brzesko County, Poland;

* Sample JA-01 - from a commercial vineyard in Tarnów County, Poland;

* Sample 047 - from accession SVN043-127 ('Jutrzenka') in the grapevine collection of the University of Maribor, Slovenia.

The Polish samples were analyzed using the PCR-SSR method at the IFV-UMT Geno-Vigne® laboratory (TA A 108/03 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, France), following the methodology described by Laucou et al. (2011), resulting in the generation of three 22-marker SSR profiles. The Slovenian sample was analyzed at the Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany. Its 24-marker SSR profile (ID: SVN043-127) was generated using the methodology described by Margaryan et al. (2021). For comparative analysis, only the 22 markers present in both datasets were considered, including all nine SSR markers recommended by OIV: VMC1b11, VMC4f3, VVlb01, VVlh54, VVln16, VVln73, VVIp31, VVIp60, VVlq52, VVlv37, VVlv67, VVMD21, VVMD24, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVS2, VrZAG62, and VrZAG79.

To identify the parental varieties of 'Jutrzenka', a search was conducted in two grapevine genetic databases: the Unité Expérimentale INRAE du Domaine de Vassal, Marseillan, France (INRA database), and the Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany (JKI database). Based on this search, a set of 16 potential parental varieties and reference profiles was selected for further analysis.

Parentage analysis was performed by manual allele-by-allele matching across all SSR loci in profiles, based on expected Mendelian inheritance. Profiles of the same varieties from the two databases were compared by applying consistent allele size shifts determined through the analysis of SSR profiles from reference varieties: 'Pinot Noir' (IDs: FRA139-193 and DEU098-1980-007), 'Muscat à petits grains blancs' (IDs: FRA139-555 and DEU098-1997-050), 'Villard Blanc' (IDs: FRA139-5904 and DEU098-1987-030), 'Severnyi' (IDs: FRA139-6671 and DEU098-1988-151), 'Chardonnay' (IDs: FRA139-199 and DEU098-1997-060) and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (IDs: FRA139-322 and DEU098-1990-015).

To complement the genetic analysis, field observations were conducted at the respective growing sites of the studied accessions. These comprised a standard assessment using

the 14 primary descriptors selected by OIV for their ability to distinguish easily between different varieties (OIV, 2012), together with monitoring of fruit aroma development and ripening time. Observations were carried out in 2025, from May to September, with photographic documentation collected for comparative analysis. Unpublished observations from earlier years were also taken into account.

## Results and Discussion

The 22 SSR marker profiles generated from the three Polish samples of 'Jutrzenka' were identical across all 44 alleles, confirming consistent cultivar identification at all sampling sites. These profiles were therefore treated as a single, unified profile. The comparison with the historical SSR profile of 'Jutrzenka' from Slovenia confirmed that the two profiles are identical across all corresponding alleles (suppl. Table S1, column A).

A comparison of the SSR profile of 'Jutrzenka' with the profiles of the declared parental varieties reported in the literature, 'Villard Blanc' and 'Pinot Blanc', revealed 10 SSR loci (VMC4f3, VVlh54, VVln73, VVlv37, VVMD21, VVMD24, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD7, VrZAG62) with both alleles in 'Jutrzenka' differing from those of either declared parent (Table 1, column B; discrepancies highlighted in pink color). Additionally, six loci (VVS2, VVMD32, VMC1b11, VVln16, VVIp31, VVIp60) showed single-allele mismatches (Table 1, column B; discrepancies highlighted in grey color). These discrepancies are inconsistent with Mendelian inheritance and exclude both 'Pinot Blanc' and 'Villard Blanc' as parental varieties.

The potential parental varieties of 'Jutrzenka' were identified independently in both INRA and JKI databases, based on the corresponding SSR profiles from the Polish and Slovenian samples. In both cases, 'Severnyi' and 'Muscat à petits grains blancs' were confirmed as parents (Table 1, column A and suppl. Table S1, column B; inheritance patterns highlighted in different colors). The analysis revealed full allelic compatibility with expected Mendelian inheritance at all loci, with no discrepancies. These results provide strong and consistent evidence that 'Jutrzenka' originated from a cross between 'Severnyi' and 'Muscat à petits grains blancs'.

The same parentage - 'Severnyi' × 'Muscat à petits grains blancs' - was also confirmed for the accession 'Tsvetochnyi' maintained in the Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) grapevine collection. Its historical 25-marker SSR profile in the JKI database (ID: DEU098-1989-031), generated using the methodology of Margaryan et al. (2021), was identical to the 'Jutrzenka' profile across all 22 common SSR loci (Table 1, column A). This accession originated from the National Collection of Grapevine Genetic Resources at Mendel University, Czech Republic. The Czech accession was originally obtained from the Ya. I. Potapenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking in Russia.

'Tsvetochnyi' (Rus. Цветочный, VVC variety no. 12714 (Röckel, 2025)) is a white muscat variety, bred in 1947 at the Ya. I. Potapenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking, Novocherkassk, Russia,
<table><caption>Table 1: SSR allele comparison of 'Jutrzenka' with new (Column A) and previous (Column B) parent varieties.</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Markers</th><th colspan="3">Column A</th><th colspan="3">Column B</th></tr><tr><th>S</th><th>J/Ts</th><th>M</th><th>V</th><th>J/Ts</th><th>P*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD27</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>182</td><td>180</td><td>180</td><td>182</td><td>180</td><td>186</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>184</td><td>184</td><td>195</td><td>190</td><td>184</td><td>190</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVS2</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>129</td><td>133</td><td>133</td><td>133</td><td>133</td><td>137</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>135</td><td>135</td><td>133</td><td>143</td><td>135</td><td>151</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD7</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>241</td><td>233</td><td>233</td><td>237</td><td>233</td><td>239</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>247</td><td>247</td><td>249</td><td>251</td><td>247</td><td>243</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD5</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>238</td><td>230</td><td>230</td><td>234</td><td>230</td><td>230</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>238</td><td>238</td><td>238</td><td>238</td><td>238</td><td>240</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VrZAG62</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>184</td><td>196</td><td>186</td><td>180</td><td>196</td><td>188</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>204</td><td>204</td><td>196</td><td>194</td><td>204</td><td>194</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VrZAG79</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>255</td><td>255</td><td>251</td><td>255</td><td>255</td><td>239</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>259</td><td>255</td><td>255</td><td>261</td><td>255</td><td>245</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD28</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>244</td><td>244</td><td>246</td><td>234</td><td>244</td><td>218</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>252</td><td>246</td><td>268</td><td>236</td><td>246</td><td>236</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD32</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>237</td><td>240</td><td>264</td><td>240</td><td>240</td><td>240</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>240</td><td>264</td><td>272</td><td>256</td><td>264</td><td>272</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD25</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>237</td><td>241</td><td>241</td><td>241</td><td>241</td><td>239</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>255</td><td>255</td><td>249</td><td>255</td><td>255</td><td>249</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VMC1b11</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>169</td><td>169</td><td>185</td><td>173</td><td>169</td><td>167</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>173</td><td>185</td><td>189</td><td>185</td><td>185</td><td>173</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VMC4f3</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>169</td><td>165</td><td>165</td><td>173</td><td>165</td><td>171</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>208</td><td>208</td><td>206</td><td>180</td><td>208</td><td>177</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD21</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>244</td><td>244</td><td>250</td><td>229</td><td>244</td><td>249</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>250</td><td>267</td><td>267</td><td>257</td><td>267</td><td>250</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVMD24</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>204</td><td>204</td><td>210</td><td>206</td><td>204</td><td>212</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>215</td><td>215</td><td>215</td><td>210</td><td>215</td><td>214</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVlb01</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>291</td><td>291</td><td>291</td><td>291</td><td>291</td><td>289</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>305</td><td>295</td><td>295</td><td>307</td><td>295</td><td>295</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVlh54</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>155</td><td>155</td><td>165</td><td>147</td><td>155</td><td>163</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>163</td><td>165</td><td>165</td><td>147</td><td>165</td><td>167</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVln16</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>147</td><td>147</td><td>147</td><td>147</td><td>147</td><td>149</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>151</td><td>151</td><td>147</td><td>149</td><td>151</td><td>157</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVln73</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>264</td><td>264</td><td>264</td><td>256</td><td>264</td><td>266</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>266</td><td>264</td><td>266</td><td>268</td><td>264</td><td>268</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVlp31</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>169</td><td>177</td><td>181</td><td>173</td><td>177</td><td>177</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>177</td><td>185</td><td>185</td><td>177</td><td>185</td><td>181</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVlp60</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>318</td><td>318</td><td>318</td><td>318</td><td>318</td><td>318</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>324</td><td>324</td><td>318</td><td>323</td><td>324</td><td>320</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVlq52</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>78</td><td>76</td><td>76</td><td>76</td><td>76</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>84</td><td>78</td><td>76</td><td>78</td><td>78</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVlv37</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>146</td><td>162</td><td>160</td><td>148</td><td>162</td><td>150</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>168</td><td>168</td><td>162</td><td>160</td><td>168</td><td>160</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">VVlv67</td><td>Allele 1</td><td>333</td><td>365</td><td>365</td><td>338</td><td>365</td><td>365</td></tr><tr><td>Allele 2</td><td>373</td><td>373</td><td>376</td><td>373</td><td>373</td><td>373</td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="8">S - 'Severnyi', J - 'Jutrzenka'; Ts - 'Tsvetochnyi', M - 'Muscat à petits grains blancs', V - 'Villard Blanc', P - 'Pinot Noir' (* - 'Pinot Blanc' is a natural mutation of 'Pinot Noir', and the two varieties share identical SSR profiles (Regner et al., 2000; Vezzulli et al., 2012)); Source of profiles: JK1 database.</td></tr></tfoot></table>

by Ya. I. Potapenko, L. I. Proskurnya, and A. S. Skripnikova. It resulted from a cross between 'Severnyi' and a pollen mixture of three muscat varieties: 'Muscat vengerskij', 'Muscat belyj', and 'Muscat aleksandrijskij' (Timush, 1986; Kostrikin, 2025). The parentage of 'Tsvetochnyi', confirmed through SSR analysis, supports and refines the pedigree declared by its breeders, as 'Muscat belyj' is a synonym for 'Muscat à petits grains blancs' (Röckel, 2025).

The results support the hybrid nature and high genetic relatedness of 'Jutrzenka' to the cultivar 'Severnyi Rannyi' ('Severnyi' x 'Malingre Précoce') (Lisek and Lisek, 2019), which results from the shared mother, 'Severnyi', rather than from the possible 'Pinot' ancestry considered in that study. 'Severnyi' (VIVC variety no. 11545 (Röckel, 2025)) is a dark-berried, female-flowered variety derived from a cross between 'Seyanets Malengra' (a seedling of 'Malingre Précoce O.P.'; VIVC variety no. 11552 (Röckel, 2025)) and *Vitis amurensis*. The second parent of 'Jutrzenka', 'Muscat à petits grains blancs' (VIVC variety no. 8193 (Röckel, 2025)), is a *Vitis vinifera* variety. Based on this, it can be concluded that the inter-specific origin of 'Jutrzenka' is $(V. vinifera \times V. amurensis) \times V. vinifera$, with an averaged genomic contribution of 75% *Vitis vinifera* and 25% *Vitis amurensis*.

'Muscat à petits grains blancs' is an aromatic cultivar (Galet, 2000), which likely explains the aromatic profile of 'Jutrzenka', most probably inherited from this parent. Moreover, 'Jutrzenka' shows high frost resistance to approximately -25 °C (Myśliwiec, 2006), a trait most likely inherited from *V. amurensis*, a species known to withstand temperatures as low as -40 °C (Zhang et al., 2015).

The ampelographic assessment confirmed the morphological identity of 'Jutrzenka' and 'Tsvetochnyi' (Suppl. Figure S1). The fruit aroma converged during ripening, shifting from herbal notes (mint and blackcurrant leaves) in underripe berries, through fruity-citrus aromas with a hint of mint, to a pronounced muscat at full maturity. The muscat aroma was confirmed for 'Jutrzenka' on September 9 in Maribor (Slovenia) and for 'Tsvetochnyi' on September 2 at JK1 Geilweilerhof (Germany), but not for 'Jutrzenka' in Poland, where it was still absent even on September 24. Nevertheless, in 2014 this aroma was confirmed in 'Jutrzenka' in D. Widz's collection (Poland, near Kraków, 355 m a.s.l.). That year was marked by an exceptionally long growing season and a warm autumn. In most other years, aromatic ripening did not progress beyond the "mint and blackcurrant leaves" stage, only rarely attaining a "fruity-citrus" profile. These observations reconcile earlier descriptions - 'Jutrzenka': mint and blackcurrant leaves; 'Tsvetochnyi': muscat - by demonstrating that their perceived aroma profile depends on ripening stage and site climate rather than genotype.

## Conclusions

The PCR-SSR analysis of the grapevine cultivar 'Jutrzenka' gave a genetic profile based on 22 SSR markers. Genetic inconsistencies identified in its profile exclude 'Villard Blanc' and 'Pinot Blanc' as possible parental cultivars, suggesting the need to revise previous views on its origin. A new parentage has been proposed, based on genetic compatibility confirmed by 22 SSR markers: 'Severnyi' x 'Muscat à petits grains blancs'. Furthermore, based on the correlation of SSR profiles across 22 markers, a complete genetic match was established between the cultivar 'Jutrzenka' and the variety 'Tsvetochnyi' (VIVC variety no. 12714 (Röckel, 2025)), confirming that 'Jutrzenka' is a synonym of 'Tsvetochnyi'.
## Supplement

Supplementary Material can be found online: DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2025.64.17.

## Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

## Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank: Anna Lisek and Jerzy Lisek (National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland) for reviewing the first version of manuscript and providing valuable suggestions; Carina Moock for excellent technical assistance; Tomasz Budniok for his constructive discussions; Grzegorz Orłowski for providing plant material for analysis.

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