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Association pour

l'Etude de

l'Evolution

Biologique

# 21<sup>st</sup> Evolutionary Biology
Meeting at Marseilles

September 26<sup>th</sup> – 29<sup>th</sup>, 2017

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Aix*Marseille
université

Caviesan
alliance nationale
pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé

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ECOSYSTEMES CONTINENTAUX
ECCOREV
ET RISQUES ENVIRONNEMENTAUX

Partenaire principal

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DÉPARTEMENT
BOUCHES,
DU RHÔNE

Instituts
thématiques

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Inserm

Institut national
de la santé et de la recherche médicale
# Convergent evolution: concepts, database, roadmap and case studies

Isabelle Hue, Justine Dardaillon, Pierre Pontarotti, George Mc Ghee

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## To cite this version:

Isabelle Hue, Justine Dardaillon, Pierre Pontarotti, George Mc Ghee. Convergent evolution: concepts, database, roadmap and case studies. AEBE: Evolutionary Biology Meeting, Sep 2017, Marseille, France. pp.189, 2017, 21st Evolutionary Biology Meeting. hal-02734433

HAL Id: hal-02734433

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02734433

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Convergent Evolution: concepts, database, road map and case studies

**Isabelle Hue, Justine Dardaillon, Pierre Pontarotti & George McGhee.**

UMR 1198, BDR, INRA; I2M, UMR AMU, CNRS 7373; Rutgers University, USA

isabelle.hue@inra.fr

Most of the authors studying convergent evolution think about the apparition of a similar phenotype in two evolutionary independent lineages (Conway Morris 2003, McGee 2011, Losos 2011, Gordon et al 2015). From this broad definition authors focused on case studies: echolocation (Parker et al 2013) or repetitive adaptations of marine mammals (Foote et al 2015). However, cases of “repetitive similarities” should be defined in a better way.

We so far: i) proposed neologisms that can apply to any biological level: allo-convergent, iso-convergent and retro-convergent evolution. This is important since, in the case of iso-convergent evolution, one can suspect that the underlying molecular mechanism(s) could be similar (Stern and Orgozozo 2008). Such cases could then be used as meta-models (Kopp 2009) to decipher biological mechanisms at genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional or any biological level, ii) initiated the development of the LEIA database to store reported cases of convergent evolutions at the phenotypic level and sort out cases of iso-convergence, iii) developed a road map to study these cases at different biological levels, and illustrate the case studies of ovi-/vivi- parity transitions in mammals or in amniotes
# Convergent Evolution: concepts, database, road map and case studies

Isabelle Hue, Justine Dardaillon, Pierre Pontarotti & George McGhee

UMR 1198, BDR, INRA; I2M, UMR AMU, CNRS 7373; Rutgers University, USA

## Abstract

Most of the authors studying convergent evolution think about the apparition of a similar phenotype in two evolutionary independent lineages (Conway Morris 2003, McGhee 2011, Losos 2011, Gordon et al 2015). From this broad definition authors focused on case studies: echolocation (Parker et al 2013) or repetitive adaptations of marine mammals (Foote et al 2015). However, cases of "repetitive similarities" should be defined in a better way.

We so far: **1) proposed neologisms** that can apply to any biological level: **allo-convergent, iso-convergent** and **retro-convergent** evolution (both retro-iso and retro-allo). This is important since, in the case of **iso-convergent** evolution, one can suspect that the underlying molecular mechanism(s) could be similar (Stern and Orgozozo 2008). Such cases could then be used as meta-models (Kopp 2009) to decipher biological mechanisms at genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional or any biological level, **2) initiated the development of the LEIA database** to store reported cases of convergent evolution at the phenotypic level and sort out cases of iso-convergence, **3) developed a road map** to study these cases at different biological levels, and **4) illustrate cases of**: dorsal or pectoral fin re-evolution, cuticule evolution and ovi-/vivi- parity transition (in mammals or amniotes).

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The ancestor was **oviparous** and laid **eggs** with a **solid shell** (still evidenced by birds, crocodiles, chelonians)

The **same evolutionary events** occurred repetitively in the evolution of Amniotes (**Morphological Iso** convergence): the **eggs** became **retained** until around mid-gestation and the **egg shell** became **softer** (**ER: Egg Retention**).

* earliest fossilized embryos along each branch of the tree

**Different biological levels** and/or **mechanisms** possibly involved: **Iso- / Allo- convergence?**

**Another** evolutionary **novelty** occurred **once** in the common ancestor of eutherians and metatherians, **three times** in the squamates: the **complex viviparity (V)**. This corresponds to:

i) loss of the **egg shell**,

ii) interaction between the **uterus** and the **embryo** (attachment/implantation; see Griffith et al, 2017)

iii) **angiogenesis**

iv) **immunosuppression** (to prevent the immune response of the mother and the rejection of the **embryo**)

* Conway Morris. Life's Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe, Martin, The Loci of repeated evolution: a catalog of genetic hotspots of phenotypic variation. Evolution. 2013,67:1235-50.
* McGhee, Convergent Evolution: Limited Forms Most Beautiful. The MIT Press, Cambridge, 2011.
* Parker, Genome-wide signatures of convergent evolution in echolocating mammals, Nature. 2013,502(7470):22831
* Stern, The loci of evolution: how predictable is genetic evolution? Evolution. 2008, 62:2155-77
* Frankel N. et al, Morphological evolution caused by many subtle-effect substitutions in a transcriptional enhancer. Nature, 2011, vol.474, p598-603.
* Foote, Convergent evolution of the genomes of marine mammals, Nat Genet. 2015, 47:272-5

* Gordon, Can systems biology help to separate evolutionary analogies (convergent homoplasies) from homologies? Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2015, 117:19-29.
* Griffith, Embryo implantation evolved from an ancestral inflammatory attachment reaction, PNAS July 2017
* Losos, Convergence, adaptation, and constraint. Evolution. 2011, 65:182740
* Krassilov, VA, *Scytophylum* and the origin of angiosperm leaf characters. Paleontological 1995, 29: 63
* Zhong Q et al, An inter-species protein-protein interaction network across vast evolutionary distance, Mol Syst Biol 2016, 12:865
* Choate LA et al, Poised for development, Nat Genet, 2016, 48:222