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**En tant qu'idée, la REDD+ a tout d'une réussite :** Il s'agit d'une approche inédite qui donne l'espoir d'obtenir une quantité considérable de financements basés sur les résultats afin de satisfaire le besoin urgent d'atténuation des effets du changement climatique. C'est un cadre à l'image de la canopée, suffisamment vaste pour permettre à un large éventail d'acteurs de faire germer leurs propres initiatives.

**La REDD+ est confrontée à des défis gigantesques :** Certains groupes d'intérêt politiques et économiques puissants sont enclins à poursuivre la déforestation et la dégradation. La mise en œuvre de la REDD+ doit être coordonnée à plusieurs échelons des pouvoirs publics et entre divers organismes ; les bénéfices doivent être distribués et assurer l'équilibre entre efficacité et équité ; la précarité du régime foncier et les garanties à mettre en place doivent être véritablement abordées ; enfin, des institutions transparentes, un suivi fiable du carbone et des niveaux de référence réalistes sont autant d'éléments nécessaires pour soutenir des systèmes basés sur les résultats.

**La REDD+ requiert des changements transformationnels – qu'elle est d'ailleurs en mesure de catalyser :**
Il est possible de faire dévier les politiques intérieures du chemin du statu quo en partant sur de nouvelles bases en matière de moyens incitatifs économiques, d'informations et de prises de position, d'acteurs et de coalitions stratégiques.

**Les projets REDD+ sont des approches hybrides dans les zones touchées par une déforestation importante :** Les porteurs de projet suivent des stratégies qui conjuguent d'une part la mise en application des réglementations et l'appui aux moyens de subsistance alternatifs (PICD) et d'autre part les moyens incitatifs basés sur les résultats (PSE). Les projets se situent en général dans des zones caractérisées par une forte déforestation et d'importants stocks de carbone forestier ; ils peuvent donc aboutir à une additionnalité considérable s'ils réussissent.

**Il existe des options de politiques « sans regrets » :** Malgré l'incertitude concernant l'avenir de la REDD+, les parties prenantes doivent renforcer le soutien politique et bâtir des coalitions pour le changement, investir dans des systèmes d'information adéquats et mettre en œuvre des politiques publiques certes capables de réduire la déforestation et la dégradation forestière, mais de toute façon souhaitables indépendamment des objectifs climatiques.

Éditeur Arild Angelsen

Coéditeurs Maria Brockhaus, William D. Sunderlin et Louis V. Verchot

Avant-propos par Tony La Viña

**Contributeurs** John Herbert Ainembabazi, Arild Angelsen, Kamalakumari Anitha, André Aquino, Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, Stibniati Atmadja, Andrea Babon, Laila Borge, Maria Brockhaus, Neil D. Burgess, Bryan R. Bushley, Jan Börner, Marina Cromberg, Tim Cronin, Finn Danielsen, Ahmad Dermawan, Monica Di Gregorio, Rut Dini, Therese Dokken, Amy E. Duchelle, Andini Desita Ekaputri, Martin Enghoff, Manuel Estrada, Caleb Gallemore, Maria Fernanda Gebara, Kristell Hergoualc'h, Martin Herold, Rocio Hiraldo, Thu-Ba Huynh, Pamela Jagger, Francis X. Johnson, Shijo Joseph, Dil Bahadur Khatri, Kaisa Korhonen-Kurki, Mrigesh Kshatriya, Demetrius Kweka, Anne M. Larson, Kathleen Lawlor, Liwei Lin, Lasse Loft, Cecilia Luttrell, Daniel McIntyre, Desmond McNeill, Moira Moeliono, Efrian Muharrom, Krystof Obidzinski, Pablo Pacheco, Charlie Parker, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak, Pham Thu Thuy, Louis Putzel, Salla Rantala, Ida Aju Pradnja Resosudarmo, Erika Romijn, Emilia Runeberg, George Schoneveld, Frances Seymour, Erin O. Sills, Denis Jean Sonwa, Charlotte Streck, William D. Sunderlin, Thomas Tanner, Louis V. Verchot, Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff, Arief Wijaya, Sven Wunder.

Cette recherche a été menée par le CIFOR dans le cadre du programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les forêts, les arbres et l'agroforesterie. Ce programme collaboratif vise à améliorer la gestion et l'utilisation des forêts, de l'agroforesterie et des ressources génétiques des arbres à l'échelle du paysage, des forêts aux exploitations agricoles. Le CIFOR dirige ce programme collaboratif en partenariat avec Biodiversity International, le CIRAD, le Centre international d'agriculture tropicale et le Centre mondial de l'Agroforestry.

ISBN: 978-402-1504-00-0

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9 78602 504000 >

cifor.org

ForestsClimateChange.org

NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

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Australian Government
AusAID

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UKaid
from the British people

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MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF FINLAND

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DEPARTMENT OF
ENERGY
& CLIMATE CHANGE