<table><caption>Table A.6. Outflow properties.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>i<br>(°)</th><th>Lobe</th><th>v<sub>in</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>v<sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>|v<sub>max</sub>|<sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>M<sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(M<sub>☉</sub>)</th><th>P<sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(M<sub>☉</sub> km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>E<sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(erg)</th><th>R<sub>CO</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(10<sup>3</sup> AU)</th><th>t<sub>dyn</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(10<sup>3</sup> yr)</th><th>F<sub>CO</sub><sup>b</sup><br>(M<sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup> km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>M&#x0307;<sub>out</sub><sup>b</sup><br>(M<sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">AQU 01</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>11.0</td><td>33.5</td><td>26.1</td><td>1.6 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>1.8 &times; 10<sup>+43</sup></td><td>15.0</td><td>2.7</td><td>3.9 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.2 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3.0</td><td>-30.0</td><td>37.4</td><td>2.2 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>2.2 &times; 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>3.3 &times; 10<sup>+43</sup></td><td>28.1</td><td>3.6</td><td>4.5 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">AQU 02</td><td rowspan="2">30</td><td>R</td><td>10.5</td><td>25.0</td><td>17.5</td><td>7.4 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.2 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>3.1 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>16.4</td><td>4.4</td><td>2.7 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>4.6 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>4.5</td><td>-8.5</td><td>16.0</td><td>4.8 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.1 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>2.6 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>5.5</td><td>1.6</td><td>5.4 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>8.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>AQU 03</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">AQU 04</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>11.0</td><td>17.5</td><td>9.9</td><td>7.7 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.7 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>29.2</td><td>14.0</td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>3.9 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.5</td><td>-1.0</td><td>8.6</td><td>8.7 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>5.4 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.4 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>10.0</td><td>5.5</td><td>6.9 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.1 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">AQU 05</td><td rowspan="2">30</td><td>R</td><td>11.0</td><td>18.5</td><td>11.2</td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>9.8 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>5.5 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>15.1</td><td>6.4</td><td>4.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>8.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.5</td><td>-4.0</td><td>11.3</td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>9.8 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>16.4</td><td>6.8</td><td>4.8 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>6.1 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">AQU 06</td><td rowspan="2">10</td><td>R</td><td>11.0</td><td>18.5</td><td>10.2</td><td>2.7 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>6.5 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>5.3</td><td>2.5</td><td>6.0 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.3 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3.0</td><td>-3.5</td><td>11.8</td><td>1.1 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>9.1 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>7.7 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>5.3</td><td>2.2</td><td>5.0 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>6.3 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">CHA 01</td><td rowspan="2">30</td><td>R</td><td>7.5</td><td>12.0</td><td>7.1</td><td>9.7 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.7 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>10.7</td><td>7.1</td><td>1.4 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>3.8 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3.0</td><td>2.0</td><td>2.9</td><td>8.8 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>2.0 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.8 &times; 10<sup>+39</sup></td><td>4.8</td><td>7.8</td><td>7.3 &times; 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>3.2 &times; 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CHA 02</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">CRA 01</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>7.3</td><td>22.8</td><td>17.1</td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>6.8 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.8 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>18.7</td><td>5.2</td><td>5.7 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.3 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3.8</td><td>-16.7</td><td>22.4</td><td>1.4 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>6.2 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.2 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>27.9</td><td>5.9</td><td>4.6 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.0 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>OPH 01</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">OPH 02</td><td rowspan="2">10</td><td>R</td><td>7.0</td><td>10.5</td><td>6.3</td><td>5.1 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>7.3 &times; 10<sup>+39</sup></td><td>9.2</td><td>7.0</td><td>3.2 &times; 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>8.7 &times; 10<sup>-09</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>1.0</td><td>-4.0</td><td>8.2</td><td>9.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>3.7 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.6 &times; 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>11.8</td><td>6.8</td><td>6.6 &times; 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>1.6 &times; 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 01</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>7.2</td><td>49.2</td><td>45.2</td><td>2.4 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>2.1 &times; 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>3.2 &times; 10<sup>+43</sup></td><td>41.9</td><td>4.4</td><td>3.4 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.9 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>-2.3</td><td>-36.3</td><td>40.3</td><td>1.0 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>2.9 &times; 10<sup>+43</sup></td><td>15.2</td><td>1.8</td><td>5.9 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.2 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 02</td><td>-<sup>d</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 04</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>6.2</td><td>12.7</td><td>7.5</td><td>2.3 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.9 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.0 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>27.9</td><td>17.6</td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>5.8 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>1.7</td><td>-1.8</td><td>7.0</td><td>2.8 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.3 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>6.2 &times; 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>14.2</td><td>9.6</td><td>5.9 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.3 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 05</td><td rowspan="2">10</td><td>R</td><td>12.7</td><td>17.7</td><td>10.5</td><td>2.5 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.8 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.4 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>13.9</td><td>6.3</td><td>3.5 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>4.8 &times; 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3.2</td><td>-1.3</td><td>8.5</td><td>3.4 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.8 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.0 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>13.9</td><td>7.7</td><td>2.9 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>5.4 &times; 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 06</td><td>-<sup>d</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 07</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>11.2</td><td>20.7</td><td>13.4</td><td>1.7 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.1 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>7.3 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>29.2</td><td>10.4</td><td>7.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.2</td><td>-5.3</td><td>12.6</td><td>2.4 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.6 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>17.4</td><td>6.6</td><td>1.8 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>2.6 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 08</td><td rowspan="2">10</td><td>R</td><td>15.5</td><td>21.5</td><td>13.8</td><td>5.4 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>5.1 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.0 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>12.7</td><td>4.4</td><td>1.4 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>-0.5</td><td>-14.5</td><td>22.2</td><td>3.4 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.6 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>4.1 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>15.1</td><td>3.2</td><td>1.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 09</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>13.0</td><td>25.0</td><td>17.5</td><td>5.3 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.9 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.1 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>14.6</td><td>4.0</td><td>8.8 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>9.6 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>0.5</td><td>-16.0</td><td>23.5</td><td>7.6 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>9.3 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.3 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>14.1</td><td>2.8</td><td>2.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 10</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>13.2</td><td>32.2</td><td>23.6</td><td>1.3 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>9.6 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>8.7 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>14.2</td><td>2.9</td><td>1.5 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.2</td><td>-14.8</td><td>23.4</td><td>6.1 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>6.1 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>6.8 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>24.9</td><td>5.0</td><td>5.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>5.4 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 12</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 13</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>10.7</td><td>22.2</td><td>14.3</td><td>4.1 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.1 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>14.2</td><td>4.7</td><td>2.9 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>6.1 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>5.7</td><td>-4.3</td><td>12.2</td><td>1.8 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>7.9 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.8 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>27.0</td><td>10.4</td><td>5.4 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 14</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>9.0</td><td>20.0</td><td>13.8</td><td>3.0 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.7 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.1 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>4.0</td><td>1.4</td><td>5.3 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>9.7 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>4.5</td><td>-9.0</td><td>15.2</td><td>5.3 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.0 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.0 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>27.9</td><td>8.7</td><td>9.9 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>2.7 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 15</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>9.7</td><td>28.2</td><td>21.2</td><td>1.0 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>6.4 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>5.4 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>17.4</td><td>3.9</td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.8 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>1.2</td><td>-25.3</td><td>32.3</td><td>4.9 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.3 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>7.2 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>37.0</td><td>5.4</td><td>6.9 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>6.4 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 16</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>9.2</td><td>23.2</td><td>16.2</td><td>4.6 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.3 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.7 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>17.4</td><td>5.1</td><td>3.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>6.4 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.7</td><td>-6.3</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.2 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.4 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.1 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>37.0</td><td>13.2</td><td>7.8 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 17</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>10.8</td><td>30.3</td><td>23.7</td><td>5.2 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.8 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>3.4 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>12.8</td><td>2.6</td><td>6.6 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>8.9 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.8</td><td>-20.2</td><td>26.8</td><td>7.2 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.2 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>4.9 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>30.1</td><td>5.3</td><td>4.3 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>5.9 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 18</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>10.8</td><td>32.3</td><td>25.6</td><td>2.1 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.1 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>2.7 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>32.4</td><td>6.0</td><td>2.5 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>2.4 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.8</td><td>-5.7</td><td>12.4</td><td>7.0 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.9 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.5 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>12.7</td><td>4.9</td><td>5.7 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.0 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 19</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>9.7</td><td>15.7</td><td>9.0</td><td>2.4 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>9.3 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.9 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>17.4</td><td>9.2</td><td>4.5 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.7</td><td>-4.3</td><td>11.0</td><td>6.0 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.2 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>11.8</td><td>5.1</td><td>2.8 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>5.2 &times; 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 20</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>11.2</td><td>50.2</td><td>41.3</td><td>5.6 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>6.0 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.2 &times; 10<sup>+43</sup></td><td>11.8</td><td>1.4</td><td>1.9 &times; 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.8 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>6.2</td><td>-13.8</td><td>22.7</td><td>4.7 &times; 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.8 &times; 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>4.2 &times; 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>28.1</td><td>5.9</td><td>2.8 &times; 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>3.5 &times; 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. (a) Measured values, i.e. not corrected for inclination. (b) Corrected for inclination as discussed in detail in van der Marel et al. (2013) and Yıldız et al. (2015). (c) No outflow associated with this source. (d) An outflow is detected but is too contaminated by outflows from others sources for meaningful determinations to be made. See Sect. C for details.
<table><caption>Table A.6. continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th><i>i</i><br>(°)</th><th>Lobe</th><th><i>v</i><sub>in</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th><i>v</i><sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>|<i>v</i><sub>max</sub>|<sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th><i>M</i><sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(<i>M</i><sub>☉</sub>)</th><th><i>P</i><sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(<i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th><i>E</i><sub>out</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(erg)</th><th><i>R</i><sub>CO</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(10<sup>3</sup> AU)</th><th><i>t</i><sub>dyn</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(10<sup>3</sup> yr)</th><th><i>F</i><sub>CO</sub><sup>b</sup><br>(<i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup> km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th><i>M</i><sub>out</sub><sup>b</sup><br>(<i>M</i><sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 21</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>11.2</td><td>28.2</td><td>19.5</td><td>4.0 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.5 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>26.4</td><td>6.4</td><td>1.7 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>2.7 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>4.7</td><td>-15.8</td><td>24.5</td><td>2.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>2.6 × 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>10.8</td><td>2.1</td><td>4.6 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>5.1 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">PER 22</td><td rowspan="2">30</td><td>R</td><td>11.2</td><td>18.2</td><td>8.5</td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>3.2 × 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>21.9</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.7 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>6.2</td><td>3.2</td><td>6.5</td><td>9.0 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.6 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>10.8</td><td>7.8</td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>3.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>SCO 01</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">SERS 01</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>11.0</td><td>18.5</td><td>10.3</td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>6.4 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>3.1 × 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>19.9</td><td>9.1</td><td>3.1 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>7.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3.5</td><td>-15.0</td><td>23.2</td><td>1.6 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>1.0 × 10<sup>+43</sup></td><td>32.4</td><td>6.6</td><td>7.8 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">SERS 02</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>13.5</td><td>40.5</td><td>32.7</td><td>1.0 × 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>9.9 × 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>+44</sup></td><td>7.9</td><td>1.1</td><td>3.8 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.9 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>1.0</td><td>-18.5</td><td>26.3</td><td>3.0 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>3.2 × 10<sup>-01</sup></td><td>3.9 × 10<sup>+43</sup></td><td>26.4</td><td>4.8</td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">TAU 01</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>8.3</td><td>16.8</td><td>10.0</td><td>2.1 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>26.4</td><td>12.6</td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>7.5 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>4.8</td><td>-6.7</td><td>13.5</td><td>2.6 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>8.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.9 × 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>3.4</td><td>1.2</td><td>3.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>9.5 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">TAU 02</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>8.0</td><td>11.5</td><td>4.9</td><td>3.1 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>5.6 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>18.5</td><td>17.9</td><td>1.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>7.7 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>5.0</td><td>-0.0</td><td>6.6</td><td>2.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>6.2 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>11.8</td><td>8.5</td><td>3.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">TAU 03</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>8.5</td><td>14.0</td><td>6.6</td><td>6.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.4 × 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>11.8</td><td>8.5</td><td>6.5 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>3.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>4.5</td><td>3.0</td><td>4.4</td><td>3.5 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.5 × 10<sup>+39</sup></td><td>28.1</td><td>30.2</td><td>1.6 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>5.0 × 10<sup>-09</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">TAU 04</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>7.5</td><td>18.0</td><td>11.7</td><td>9.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>16.2</td><td>6.6</td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>6.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>5.5</td><td>1.0</td><td>5.3</td><td>4.7 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>6.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>27.9</td><td>24.8</td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>8.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">TAU 06</td><td rowspan="2">30</td><td>R</td><td>9.0</td><td>14.0</td><td>6.8</td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.6 × 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>26.4</td><td>18.4</td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>8.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>5.5</td><td>0.0</td><td>7.2</td><td>5.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.7 × 10<sup>+40</sup></td><td>23.6</td><td>15.5</td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>9.5 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TAU 07</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 08</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 09</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>W40 01</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">W40 02</td><td rowspan="2">70</td><td>R</td><td>11.5</td><td>19.0</td><td>14.2</td><td>2.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.1 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>15.8</td><td>5.3</td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>3.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2.5</td><td>-6.5</td><td>11.3</td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>4.8 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>2.5 × 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>26.4</td><td>11.0</td><td>3.1 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>6.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 03</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>W40 04</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>W40 05</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>W40 06</td><td>-<sup>c</sup></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">W40 07</td><td rowspan="2">50</td><td>R</td><td>10.5</td><td>26.0</td><td>18.6</td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.6 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>5.1 × 10<sup>+42</sup></td><td>26.4</td><td>6.7</td><td>3.0 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>3.5 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3.0</td><td>-4.0</td><td>11.4</td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>8.7 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>6.9 × 10<sup>+41</sup></td><td>4.2</td><td>1.7</td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>3.0 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

The results for all sources are presented in Table A.9, and Fig. A.3 shows the central HCO$^+$ and C$^{18}$O spectra for all sources.

## A.7. Evolutionary classification

Table A.10 presents a summary of the various indicators used to reach the final classification of the evolutionary state of sources in the WILL sample. Firstly, we consider whether or not an entrained molecular outflow is associated with the source in CO $J = 3-2$, and whether or not there are broad line-wings in the HIFI water and CO $J = 10-9$ spectra. Sources with all three signatures are likely to be the youngest protostars, with strong, energetic and likely warm outflows. Those without any detected outflow signatures are likely either pre-stellar or more evolved (i.e. Class II) sources.

Next, we follow the method of van Kempen et al. (2009) and Carney et al. (2016) using maps of the molecular emission in HCO$^+$ $J = 4-3$ and C$^{18}$O $J = 3-2$ to separate Class 0/I embedded protostars from edge-on Class II disk sources. If both transitions are strong and spatially concentrated then the source is most likely a genuine embedded (i.e. Class 0/I) YSO. If not, the source is either too cold (i.e. pre-stellar) or does not have a significant envelope and so is a more evolved disk source. In

the W40 sources, the extended emission in both lines is likely due to the PDR and may mask the presence of compact emission associated with the sources, so they are designated as confused. A few other sources also receive this designation, in line with Carney et al. (2016), if there are multiple sources in the field that cannot be disentangled at the resolution of the observations.

The presence of strong, compact sub-mm continuum emission is also indicative of a young (i.e. pre-stellar or embedded Class 0/I) source, allowing pre-stellar and Class II sources to be distinguished (e.g. André et al. 2000). Finally, the $T_{bol}$ classification (i.e. $T_{bol} < 70$ K corresponds to Class 0, $70 \le T_{bol} < 650$ K to Class I) can be used to separate Class 0 and I sources, though on its own this calculation is not always able to correctly separate other highly-reddened sources; for example edge-on Class II disks (Crapsi et al. 2008).

Overall, the WILL sample consists of 23 Class 0, 14 Class I, 8 Class II and 4 potentially pre-stellar sources. Most of the Class II sources are in Taurus, while the pre-stellar sources are all in Aquila/W40. Six sources (one Class 0, one Class II and four pre-stellar) have narrow yet bright $^{12}$CO $J = 10-9$ emission (see Fig. 3) suggestive of a PDR along the line of sight to the source. The details of some of the more complex determinations are discussed in Appendix C.
<table><caption>**Table A.7.** Mass-accretion rate, the luminosity of [O I] in the 63 µm line, and mass-loss rate calculated from it.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Μ<sub>acc</sub><br>(M<sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>L[O I 63 µm]<br>(L<sub>☉</sub>)</th><th>Μ̇<sub>w</sub><br>(M<sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Name</th><th>Μ̇<sub>acc</sub><br>(M<sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>L[O I 63 µm]<br>(L<sub>☉</sub>)</th><th>Μ̇<sub>w</sub><br>(M<sub>☉</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AQU 01</td><td>1.7 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>8.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>8.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>AQU 02</td><td>5.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>8.2 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>8.2 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>AQU 03</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>—<sup>b</sup></td><td>—</td><td>AQU 04</td><td>8.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>—<sup>b</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 05</td><td>1.6 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>—<sup>b</sup></td><td>—</td><td>AQU 06</td><td>8.1 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>—<sup>b</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>CHA 01</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>3.7 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.7 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>CHA 02</td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>8.7 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>8.7 × 10<sup>-09</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CRA 01</td><td>1.6 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>OPH 01</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-03c</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>OPH 02</td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>5.2 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>5.2 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>PER 01</td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>3.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 02</td><td>6.0 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>7.8 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>7.8 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>PER 04</td><td>7.6 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>5.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>5.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 05</td><td>1.4 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>PER 06</td><td>9.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.6 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.6 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 07</td><td>4.6 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>PER 08</td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 09</td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>—<sup>e</sup></td><td>—</td><td>PER 10</td><td>3.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>—<sup>e</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>PER 12</td><td>6.9 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>PER 13</td><td>4.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>—<sup>b</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>PER 14</td><td>2.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>4.6 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.6 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>PER 15</td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>2.1 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.1 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 16</td><td>7.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>2.6 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.6 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>PER 17</td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>1.4 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.4 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 18</td><td>3.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>PER 19</td><td>1.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 20</td><td>1.4 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>PER 21</td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>8.6 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>8.6 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>PER 22</td><td>1.6 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.0 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.0 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>SCO 01</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>SERS 01</td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.8 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>SERS 02</td><td>4.7 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>—<sup>e</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 01</td><td>2.0 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>7.6 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>7.6 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>TAU 02</td><td>6.1 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TAU 03</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-09</sup></td><td>TAU 04</td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>4.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.5 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TAU 06</td><td>7.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>9.6 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>9.6 × 10<sup>-09</sup></td><td>TAU 07</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>3.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.5 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TAU 08</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>—<sup>f</sup></td><td>—</td><td>TAU 09</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 01</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>3.1 × 10<sup>-04c</sup></td><td>—</td><td>W40 02</td><td>2.1 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 03</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-01c</sup></td><td>—</td><td>W40 04</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-01c</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>W40 05</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>7.8 × 10<sup>-02c</sup></td><td>—</td><td>W40 06</td><td>—<sup>a</sup></td><td>—<sup>c,d</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>W40 07</td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>L1448-MM</td><td>5.8 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>IRAS03245+3002</td><td>4.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>6.4 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>6.4 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>L1455-IRS3</td><td>4.7 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>5.0 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>5.0 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>NGC 1333-IRAS2A</td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>—<sup>b</sup></td><td>—</td><td>NGC 1333-IRAS3A</td><td>5.4 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>—<sup>f</sup></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>NGC 1333-IRAS4A</td><td>5.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-03g</sup></td><td>—</td><td>NGC 1333-IRAS4B</td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>IRAS03301+3111</td><td>5.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>3.6 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.6 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>B1 a</td><td>3.5 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.9 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B1 c</td><td>3.3 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>—<sup>b</sup></td><td>—</td><td>L1489</td><td>4.9 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.2 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>L1551-IRS5</td><td>2.9 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>9.7 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>9.7 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>TMR1</td><td>4.9 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TMC1A</td><td>3.5 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>3.3 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>L1527</td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TMC1</td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>IRAM04191</td><td>7.1 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>2.4 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.4 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>HH46</td><td>3.6 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>5.1 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.1 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>Ced110-IRS4</td><td>5.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>BHR71</td><td>9.6 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>3.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>IRAS12496</td><td>4.6 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>5.9 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.9 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>IRAS15398</td><td>1.0 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>3.0 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>3.0 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>GSS30</td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>5.1 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>5.1 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>VLA1623-243</td><td>1.7 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>WL12</td><td>2.1 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>7.9 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>7.9 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>Elias29</td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>4.0 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.0 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>IRS44</td><td>6.6 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>4.8 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>4.8 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>IRS46</td><td>6.5 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.5 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>IRS63</td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>3.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>RNO91</td><td>3.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>L483</td><td>6.6 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>Ser-SMM1</td><td>7.1 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>4.0 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>4.0 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>Ser-SMM4</td><td>4.4 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.8 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td></tr><tr><td>Ser-SMM3</td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-02</sup></td><td>1.1 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>RCrA-IRS5A</td><td>9.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>RCrA I7A</td><td>1.2 × 10<sup>-05</sup></td><td>8.9 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>8.9 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td><td>RCrA I7B</td><td>6.0 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>2.4 × 10<sup>-03</sup></td><td>2.4 × 10<sup>-07</sup></td></tr><tr><td>HH100</td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>—<sup>f</sup></td><td>—</td><td>L723</td><td>2.3 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>1.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr><tr><td>B335</td><td>2.1 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>2.5 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>2.5 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td><td>L1157</td><td>3.0 × 10<sup>-06</sup></td><td>3.3 × 10<sup>-04</sup></td><td>3.3 × 10<sup>-08</sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. (a) Not Class 0/I. (b) Non-detection. (c) Dominated by PDR. (d) Line in absorption. (e) Dominated by neighbouring source. (f) Source not observed with PACS. (g) Only one off position was used due to possible contamination but this flux may still be underestimated.
<figure><img src="image_20.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. A.2.** Outflow maps. The grey-scale images show the 70 µm continuum emission from Herschel, while the red and blue contours show the outflow lobes detected in $^{12}$CO J = 3–2. The levels for the contours are at 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the maximum velocity-integrated emission. The green circle indicates the HIFI beam for the H$_2$O $1_{10}-1_{01}$ transition. All maps show a region of 2' × 2' centred on the source position. The black scale-bar in the lower panel of each figure indicates 3000 AU at the distance of the source.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_21.png" /><figcaption>Fig. A.2. continued.</figcaption></figure>
<table><caption>**Table A.8.** Species and transitions targeted during the ground-based spectral follow-up.</caption><thead><tr><th>Species</th><th>Transition</th><th>Rest frequency<sup>a</sup><br>(GHz)</th><th>E<sub>u</sub>/k<sub>b</sub><br>(K)</th><th>A<sub>ul</sub><br>(s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>n<sub>cr</sub><br>(cm<sup>-3</sup>)</th><th>JCMT η<sub>mb</sub><sup>b</sup></th><th>APEX η<sub>mb</sub><sup>c</sup></th><th>JCMT θ<sub>mb</sub><br>(")</th><th>APEX θ<sub>mb</sub><br>(")</th><th>Median σ<sub>rms</sub><sup>d</sup><br>(K)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>CO</td><td>2–1</td><td>230.53800</td><td>16.60</td><td>6.91 × 10<sup>-7</sup></td><td>6 × 10<sup>3</sup></td><td>—</td><td>0.75</td><td>—</td><td>27.3</td><td>0.41</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>2–1</td><td>220.39868</td><td>15.87</td><td>6.04 × 10<sup>-7</sup></td><td>5 × 10<sup>3</sup></td><td>—</td><td>0.75</td><td>—</td><td>28.5</td><td>0.08</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>2–1</td><td>219.56035</td><td>15.81</td><td>6.01 × 10<sup>-7</sup></td><td>5 × 10<sup>3</sup></td><td>—</td><td>0.75</td><td>—</td><td>28.6</td><td>0.08</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>17</sup>O</td><td>2–1</td><td>224.71439</td><td>16.18</td><td>6.43 × 10<sup>-7</sup></td><td>6 × 10<sup>3</sup></td><td>—</td><td>0.75</td><td>—</td><td>28.0</td><td>0.08</td></tr><tr><td>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>345.79599</td><td>33.19</td><td>2.50 × 10<sup>-6</sup></td><td>2 × 10<sup>4</sup></td><td>0.63</td><td>0.73</td><td>14.5</td><td>18.2</td><td>0.09</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>330.58797</td><td>31.73</td><td>2.18 × 10<sup>-6</sup></td><td>1 × 10<sup>4</sup></td><td>0.63</td><td>0.73</td><td>15.2</td><td>19.0</td><td>0.22</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>329.33055</td><td>31.61</td><td>2.17 × 10<sup>-6</sup></td><td>1 × 10<sup>4</sup></td><td>0.63</td><td>0.73</td><td>15.3</td><td>19.1</td><td>0.30</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>17</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>337.06113</td><td>32.35</td><td>2.32 × 10<sup>-6</sup></td><td>1 × 10<sup>4</sup></td><td>—</td><td>0.73</td><td>—</td><td>18.7</td><td>0.09</td></tr><tr><td>CO</td><td>4–3</td><td>461.04077</td><td>55.32</td><td>6.13 × 10<sup>-6</sup></td><td>3 × 10<sup>4</sup></td><td>—</td><td>0.60</td><td>—</td><td>13.6</td><td>0.12</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>356.73429</td><td>42.80</td><td>3.63 × 10<sup>-3</sup></td><td>2 × 10<sup>7</sup></td><td>0.63</td><td>0.73</td><td>14.1</td><td>17.6</td><td>0.28</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>346.99834</td><td>41.63</td><td>3.29 × 10<sup>-3</sup></td><td>2 × 10<sup>7</sup></td><td>0.63</td><td>0.73</td><td>14.5</td><td>18.2</td><td>0.13</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. (a) Taken from the JPL database (Pickett et al. 2010); (b) historical value from long-term monitoring of standards used for consistency with WISH results (e.g. Yıldız et al. 2015); (c) http://www.apex-telescope.org/telescope/efficiency/; (d) in 0.2 km s⁻¹ channels except for CO J = 3–2, which is in 0.5 km s⁻¹ channels.
<figure><img src="image_22.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. A.3.** Overview of the central HCO$^+$ *J* = 4–3 and C$^{18}$O *J* = 3–2 spectra shown in black and red respectively. All have been recentred so that the source velocity is at zero. Sources that are considered blue-skewed (i.e. *δv* < −0.25) have their names in blue, while those considered red-skewed (i.e. *δv* > 0.25) have their names in red. The number in the upper-right corner of each panel indicates what factor the spectra have been multiplied by.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>

Fig. A.3. continued.
<table><caption>Table A.9. Ground-based spectral results.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Molecule</th><th>Transition</th><th>σ<sub>rms</sub><br>(K)</th><th>v<sub>max</sub><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>T<sub>max</sub><br>(K)</th><th>v<sub>peak</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>T<sub>peak</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(K)</th><th>FWHM<sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>∫ T<sub>MB</sub> dt<sup>b</sup><br>(K km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>δv<sup>c</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="5">AQU 01</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.25</td><td>7.2</td><td>2.33</td><td>7.3 ± 0.1</td><td>2.1 ± 0.2</td><td>1.9 ± 0.2</td><td>4.23 ± 0.57</td><td>-0.07 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.32</td><td>7.4</td><td>1.48</td><td>7.4 ± 0.2</td><td>1.2 ± 0.4</td><td>1.1 ± 0.4</td><td>1.34 ± 0.74</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.39</td><td>7.0</td><td>2.08</td><td>7.4 ± 0.2</td><td>1.6 ± 0.2</td><td>2.6 ± 0.4</td><td>4.56 ± 0.89</td><td>-0.04 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.18</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.55</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.21</td><td>7.6</td><td>4.47</td><td>7.5 ± 0.1</td><td>4.2 ± 0.2</td><td>1.8 ± 0.1</td><td>7.95 ± 0.48</td><td>-0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">AQU 02</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.26</td><td>7.8</td><td>1.19</td><td>7.5 ± 0.2</td><td>1.0 ± 0.3</td><td>1.2 ± 0.4</td><td>1.38 ± 0.60</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup><sup>d</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.30</td><td>7.4</td><td>4.63</td><td>7.6 ± 0.1</td><td>4.7 ± 0.3</td><td>2.7 ± 0.1</td><td>13.28 ± 0.94</td><td>-0.09 ± 0.03<sup>e</sup></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.21</td><td>7.4</td><td>2.33</td><td>7.1 ± 0.1</td><td>2.2 ± 0.2</td><td>1.4 ± 0.2</td><td>3.27 ± 0.49</td><td>0.02 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>3–2</td><td>0.28</td><td>7.4</td><td>1.20</td><td>7.1 ± 0.2</td><td>1.1 ± 0.4</td><td>1.1 ± 0.4</td><td>1.22 ± 0.65</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.28</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.85</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">AQU 03</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.25</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.75</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.22</td><td>7.4</td><td>3.90</td><td>7.5 ± 0.1</td><td>3.2 ± 0.1</td><td>2.8 ± 0.1</td><td>9.29 ± 0.55</td><td>-0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.36</td><td>7.6</td><td>2.03</td><td>7.6 ± 0.1</td><td>1.8 ± 0.3</td><td>1.6 ± 0.3</td><td>3.07 ± 0.83</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.33</td><td>8.2</td><td>2.52</td><td>8.1 ± 0.1</td><td>2.1 ± 0.4</td><td>1.3 ± 0.3</td><td>2.81 ± 0.78</td><td>0.33 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">AQU 04</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.27</td><td>7.0</td><td>2.79</td><td>7.4 ± 0.1</td><td>1.9 ± 0.1</td><td>2.9 ± 0.2</td><td>5.91 ± 0.66</td><td>0.10 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>3–2</td><td>0.30</td><td>7.4</td><td>1.36</td><td>7.3 ± 0.2</td><td>1.4 ± 0.4</td><td>1.2 ± 0.4</td><td>1.72 ± 0.69</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.31</td><td>8.2</td><td>1.44</td><td>8.2 ± 0.2</td><td>1.4 ± 0.3</td><td>1.3 ± 0.4</td><td>1.98 ± 0.71</td><td>0.70 ± 0.21</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.19</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.56</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.25</td><td>8.4</td><td>2.52</td><td>8.3 ± 0.1</td><td>2.0 ± 0.2</td><td>1.9 ± 0.2</td><td>4.11 ± 0.57</td><td>0.11 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">AQU 05</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.25</td><td>8.4</td><td>1.19</td><td>8.3 ± 0.2</td><td>1.3 ± 0.7</td><td>0.6 ± 0.4</td><td>0.90 ± 0.76</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>3–2</td><td>0.33</td><td>8.4</td><td>2.02</td><td>8.4 ± 0.1</td><td>1.8 ± 0.4</td><td>1.0 ± 0.3</td><td>1.96 ± 0.67</td><td>0.22 ± 0.14</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.16</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.47</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.08</td><td>5.2</td><td>6.63</td><td>4.9 ± 0.1</td><td>5.9 ± 0.2</td><td>1.5 ± 0.1</td><td>9.62 ± 0.43</td><td>-0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>2–1</td><td>0.08</td><td>4.7</td><td>4.44</td><td>4.7 ± 0.1</td><td>4.8 ± 0.3</td><td>0.7 ± 0.1</td><td>3.63 ± 0.39</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">CHA 01</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>2–1</td><td>0.08</td><td>5.2</td><td>1.47</td><td>5.2 ± 0.1</td><td>1.4 ± 0.3</td><td>0.7 ± 0.2</td><td>1.09 ± 0.37</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>17</sup>O</td><td>2–1</td><td>0.08</td><td>5.2</td><td>4.04</td><td>4.8 ± 0.1</td><td>3.7 ± 0.2</td><td>1.6 ± 0.1</td><td>6.43 ± 0.55</td><td>-0.13 ± 0.05</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.12</td><td>5.1</td><td>1.94</td><td>4.9 ± 0.1</td><td>2.2 ± 0.7</td><td>0.6 ± 0.2</td><td>1.49 ± 0.77</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.16</td><td>4.8</td><td>0.45</td><td>4.8 ± 0.2</td><td>0.4 ± 0.2</td><td>0.9 ± 0.6</td><td>0.43 ± 0.35</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.07</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">CHA 02</td><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>2–1</td><td>0.09</td><td>3.5</td><td>4.66</td><td>3.2 ± 0.1</td><td>4.7 ± 0.2</td><td>1.3 ± 0.1</td><td>6.71 ± 0.47</td><td>0.18 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>2–1</td><td>0.08</td><td>3.1</td><td>3.60</td><td>3.0 ± 0.1</td><td>3.7 ± 0.3</td><td>0.8 ± 0.1</td><td>2.98 ± 0.43</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>17</sup>O</td><td>2–1</td><td>0.08</td><td>3.5</td><td>1.36</td><td>3.5 ± 0.1</td><td>1.2 ± 0.3</td><td>0.8 ± 0.2</td><td>1.06 ± 0.37</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.13</td><td>3.6</td><td>2.24</td><td>3.0 ± 0.1</td><td>2.0 ± 0.2</td><td>1.8 ± 0.2</td><td>3.84 ± 0.59</td><td>-0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.17</td><td>3.0</td><td>1.54</td><td>3.0 ± 0.1</td><td>1.6 ± 0.5</td><td>0.9 ± 0.3</td><td>1.47 ± 0.75</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">CRA 01</td><td>C<sup>17</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.10</td><td>3.3</td><td>0.40</td><td>3.2 ± 0.3</td><td>0.4 ± 0.3</td><td>0.8 ± 0.8</td><td>0.31 ± 0.43</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.11</td><td>3.0</td><td>0.76</td><td>3.0 ± 0.2</td><td>0.6 ± 0.3</td><td>1.0 ± 0.6</td><td>0.65 ± 0.49</td><td>-0.04 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.10</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.43</td><td>5.1</td><td>8.82</td><td>5.1 ± 0.1</td><td>7.2 ± 0.5</td><td>1.2 ± 0.1</td><td>9.22 ± 1.05</td><td>-0.41 ± 0.05</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.51</td><td>5.5</td><td>4.89</td><td>5.6 ± 0.1</td><td>4.7 ± 0.5</td><td>1.4 ± 0.2</td><td>6.82 ± 1.18</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">OPH 01</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.31</td><td>6.1</td><td>4.32</td><td>5.7 ± 0.1</td><td>3.2 ± 0.2</td><td>2.3 ± 0.2</td><td>7.69 ± 0.76</td><td>0.04 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.50</td><td>3.0</td><td>6.79</td><td>3.7 ± 0.1</td><td>6.9 ± 0.4</td><td>2.4 ± 0.2</td><td>17.87 ± 1.49</td><td>-0.07 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.61</td><td>3.9</td><td>3.18</td><td>3.8 ± 0.2</td><td>2.6 ± 0.5</td><td>2.1 ± 0.5</td><td>5.86 ± 1.73</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.34</td><td></td><td>&lt;1.01</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.15</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.46</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">OPH 02</td><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.22</td><td>4.6</td><td>7.84</td><td>4.4 ± 0.1</td><td>6.2 ± 0.2</td><td>2.5 ± 0.1</td><td>16.68 ± 0.62</td><td>0.08 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.27</td><td>4.0</td><td>1.82</td><td>4.2 ± 0.1</td><td>1.5 ± 0.1</td><td>2.6 ± 0.3</td><td>4.25 ± 0.61</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.32</td><td>3.6</td><td>5.16</td><td>3.6 ± 0.1</td><td>3.4 ± 0.1</td><td>3.4 ± 0.2</td><td>12.22 ± 0.80</td><td>-0.22 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.13</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.40</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.16</td><td>3.9</td><td>5.03</td><td>4.1 ± 0.1</td><td>4.9 ± 0.2</td><td>1.6 ± 0.1</td><td>8.24 ± 0.41</td><td>-0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">PER 01</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.15</td><td>4.1</td><td>3.13</td><td>4.1 ± 0.1</td><td>3.0 ± 0.3</td><td>0.8 ± 0.1</td><td>2.62 ± 0.36</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.15</td><td>4.5</td><td>1.97</td><td>4.1 ± 0.1</td><td>1.5 ± 0.1</td><td>1.6 ± 0.2</td><td>2.52 ± 0.34</td><td>0.06 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.20</td><td>4.5</td><td>7.89</td><td>4.6 ± 0.1</td><td>7.9 ± 0.1</td><td>2.2 ± 0.1</td><td>18.84 ± 0.48</td><td>0.06 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.31</td><td>4.7</td><td>4.82</td><td>4.5 ± 0.1</td><td>4.5 ± 0.3</td><td>1.6 ± 0.1</td><td>7.60 ± 0.70</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.16</td><td>5.3</td><td>7.60</td><td>5.3 ± 0.1</td><td>6.7 ± 0.1</td><td>2.1 ± 0.1</td><td>15.10 ± 0.48</td><td>0.46 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">PER 02</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.16</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.47</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.26</td><td>5.1</td><td>1.48</td><td>5.2 ± 0.2</td><td>1.2 ± 0.5</td><td>0.8 ± 0.4</td><td>1.04 ± 0.61</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.16</td><td>5.1</td><td>1.48</td><td>4.9 ± 0.1</td><td>0.8 ± 0.1</td><td>1.6 ± 0.3</td><td>1.29 ± 0.38</td><td>-0.17 ± 0.08<sup>e</sup></td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4–3</td><td>0.12</td><td></td><td>&lt;0.36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.24</td><td>7.1</td><td>7.29</td><td>7.3 ± 0.1</td><td>6.2 ± 0.3</td><td>1.4 ± 0.1</td><td>9.07 ± 0.59</td><td>0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">PER 05</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3–2</td><td>0.22</td><td>7.3</td><td>3.85</td><td>7.3 ± 0.1</td><td>3.6 ± 0.4</td><td>0.8 ± 0.1</td><td>3.11 ± 0.50</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. (a) From Gaussian fits. (b) Calculated by integrating over $v_{LSR} \pm 3$ FWHM. (c) Calculated using Eq. (1) from Mardones et al. (1997). (d) Central absorption masked in Gaussian fit. (e) Position of maximum of optically thick line used due to non-Gaussian line shape. (f) Resampled to 0.3 km s$^{-1}$ to fit weak line.
<table><caption>Table A.9. continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Molecule</th><th>Transition</th><th>σ<sub>rms</sub><br>(K)</th><th>v<sub>max</sub><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>T<sub>max</sub><br>(K)</th><th>v<sub>peak</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>T<sub>peak</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(K)</th><th>FWHM<sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>∫ T<sub>MB</sub> dv<sup>b</sup><br>(K km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>δv<sup>c</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 06</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.15</td><td>7.1</td><td>5.54</td><td>7.3 ± 0.1</td><td>4.1 ± 0.2</td><td>1.3 ± 0.1</td><td>5.70 ± 0.40</td><td>-0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.13</td><td>7.5</td><td>0.70</td><td>7.4 ± 0.1</td><td>0.7 ± 0.2</td><td>0.9 ± 0.3</td><td>0.65 ± 0.31</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.16</td><td>6.6</td><td>8.39</td><td>7.2 ± 0.1</td><td>6.8 ± 0.1</td><td>2.8 ± 0.1</td><td>20.58 ± 0.55</td><td>-0.08 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.15</td><td>7.0</td><td>3.46</td><td>7.3 ± 0.1</td><td>3.2 ± 0.1</td><td>2.0 ± 0.1</td><td>6.84 ± 0.36</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.20</td><td>7.0</td><td>5.44</td><td>7.0 ± 0.1</td><td>5.0 ± 0.2</td><td>1.4 ± 0.1</td><td>7.33 ± 0.47</td><td>-0.18 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.11</td><td>6.8</td><td>0.44</td><td>7.0 ± 0.2</td><td>0.4 ± 0.2</td><td>0.8 ± 0.4</td><td>0.36 ± 0.26</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 07</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.21</td><td>7.3</td><td>5.34</td><td>7.2 ± 0.1</td><td>4.6 ± 0.1</td><td>2.2 ± 0.1</td><td>10.93 ± 0.51</td><td>-0.12 ± 0.04</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.23</td><td>7.3</td><td>1.08</td><td>7.4 ± 0.2</td><td>1.0 ± 0.3</td><td>1.3 ± 0.4</td><td>1.31 ± 0.53</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.14</td><td>7.3</td><td>2.63</td><td>7.1 ± 0.1</td><td>2.6 ± 0.2</td><td>1.1 ± 0.1</td><td>2.96 ± 0.32</td><td>-0.17 ± 0.05</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.19</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.58</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.34</td><td>7.8</td><td>11.17</td><td>7.3 ± 0.1</td><td>11.0 ± 0.2</td><td>2.9 ± 0.1</td><td>33.92 ± 1.12</td><td>-0.22 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.38</td><td>7.8</td><td>6.04</td><td>7.7 ± 0.1</td><td>6.1 ± 0.4</td><td>1.6 ± 0.1</td><td>10.30 ± 1.09</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.19</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.63</td><td>8.1 ± 0.1</td><td>6.9 ± 0.2</td><td>1.7 ± 0.1</td><td>12.31 ± 0.60</td><td>0.29 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.10</td><td>8.2</td><td>1.20</td><td>8.3 ± 0.1</td><td>1.2 ± 0.2</td><td>0.7 ± 0.1</td><td>0.90 ± 0.24</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 09</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.31</td><td>6.9</td><td>20.45</td><td>7.2 ± 0.1</td><td>19.1 ± 0.4</td><td>2.0 ± 0.1</td><td>39.84 ± 1.20</td><td>-0.24 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.31</td><td>7.5</td><td>6.33</td><td>7.5 ± 0.1</td><td>6.4 ± 0.5</td><td>1.2 ± 0.1</td><td>8.28 ± 0.89</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.19</td><td>7.6</td><td>1.50</td><td>7.5 ± 0.1</td><td>1.4 ± 0.2</td><td>1.6 ± 0.2</td><td>2.23 ± 0.44</td><td>-0.03 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.11</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.34</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.23</td><td>8.1</td><td>8.26</td><td>8.1 ± 0.1</td><td>7.5 ± 0.1</td><td>3.0 ± 0.1</td><td>23.67 ± 0.58</td><td>-0.38 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.20</td><td>8.7</td><td>3.53</td><td>8.7 ± 0.1</td><td>3.1 ± 0.2</td><td>1.4 ± 0.1</td><td>4.50 ± 0.48</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.30</td><td>8.5</td><td>3.94</td><td>8.5 ± 0.1</td><td>4.0 ± 0.3</td><td>1.4 ± 0.1</td><td>5.89 ± 0.71</td><td>-0.08 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.18</td><td>9.1</td><td>0.89</td><td>9.0 ± 0.1</td><td>0.9 ± 0.4</td><td>0.7 ± 0.3</td><td>0.63 ± 0.42</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 12</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.28</td><td>7.8</td><td>5.45</td><td>7.8 ± 0.1</td><td>5.1 ± 0.2</td><td>2.0 ± 0.1</td><td>10.89 ± 0.80</td><td>0.05 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.31</td><td>7.5</td><td>3.05</td><td>7.8 ± 0.1</td><td>3.1 ± 0.5</td><td>1.0 ± 0.2</td><td>3.24 ± 0.88</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.21</td><td>7.4</td><td>3.33</td><td>7.6 ± 0.1</td><td>2.3 ± 0.2</td><td>1.4 ± 0.2</td><td>3.47 ± 0.52</td><td>-0.18 ± 0.04</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.13</td><td>7.8</td><td>0.59</td><td>8.0 ± 0.2</td><td>0.6 ± 0.3</td><td>0.7 ± 0.4</td><td>0.43 ± 0.30</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.35</td><td>7.9</td><td>2.19</td><td>8.0 ± 0.1</td><td>2.4 ± 0.8</td><td>0.6 ± 0.2</td><td>1.57 ± 0.82</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.11</td><td>7.9</td><td>4.70</td><td>7.9 ± 0.1</td><td>4.2 ± 0.2</td><td>1.0 ± 0.1</td><td>4.44 ± 0.30</td><td>-0.18 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.17</td><td>8.1</td><td>1.42</td><td>8.1 ± 0.1</td><td>1.3 ± 0.3</td><td>0.7 ± 0.2</td><td>0.94 ± 0.40</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 14</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.28</td><td>6.0</td><td>5.09</td><td>6.0 ± 0.1</td><td>4.4 ± 0.4</td><td>1.1 ± 0.1</td><td>5.12 ± 0.67</td><td>-0.34 ± 0.20</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.35</td><td>6.0</td><td>1.33</td><td>6.2 ± 0.2</td><td>1.3 ± 0.7</td><td>0.7 ± 0.4</td><td>1.01 ± 0.82</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.24</td><td>5.6</td><td>1.64</td><td>5.9 ± 0.1</td><td>1.1 ± 0.2</td><td>1.7 ± 0.3</td><td>2.10 ± 0.56</td><td>-0.43 ± 0.26</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.13</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.38</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>3-2</td><td>0.30</td><td>6.9</td><td>1.20</td><td>6.9 ± 0.2</td><td>1.0 ± 0.4</td><td>1.4 ± 0.6</td><td>1.46 ± 0.83</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.12</td><td>6.7</td><td>3.52</td><td>7.1 ± 0.1</td><td>2.8 ± 0.1</td><td>1.4 ± 0.1</td><td>4.26 ± 0.32</td><td>0.10 ± 0.04</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.16</td><td>7.1</td><td>0.82</td><td>7.2 ± 0.2</td><td>0.6 ± 0.3</td><td>0.7 ± 0.4</td><td>0.45 ± 0.38</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 16</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.41</td><td>7.1</td><td>2.54</td><td>7.0 ± 0.1</td><td>2.2 ± 0.5</td><td>1.2 ± 0.3</td><td>2.87 ± 0.94</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.15</td><td>6.5</td><td>4.17</td><td>6.6 ± 0.1</td><td>3.9 ± 0.3</td><td>0.9 ± 0.1</td><td>3.70 ± 0.38</td><td>-0.29 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.16</td><td>7.3</td><td>0.56</td><td>6.9 ± 0.2</td><td>0.5 ± 0.2</td><td>1.0 ± 0.5</td><td>0.56 ± 0.37</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.11</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.32</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.18</td><td>6.7</td><td>3.86</td><td>6.6 ± 0.1</td><td>4.1 ± 0.1</td><td>1.7 ± 0.1</td><td>7.42 ± 0.41</td><td>-0.03 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.20</td><td>6.7</td><td>2.60</td><td>6.6 ± 0.1</td><td>2.7 ± 0.3</td><td>0.9 ± 0.1</td><td>2.55 ± 0.47</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.13</td><td>6.2</td><td>1.45</td><td>6.4 ± 0.1</td><td>1.0 ± 0.1</td><td>1.6 ± 0.2</td><td>1.67 ± 0.29</td><td>-0.28 ± 0.04</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 17</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.19</td><td>6.0</td><td>3.68</td><td>6.5 ± 0.1</td><td>3.4 ± 0.1</td><td>2.3 ± 0.1</td><td>8.31 ± 0.47</td><td>-0.09 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.32</td><td>6.4</td><td>2.01</td><td>6.6 ± 0.1</td><td>1.9 ± 0.3</td><td>1.4 ± 0.3</td><td>2.69 ± 0.74</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.15</td><td>6.0</td><td>1.84</td><td>6.0 ± 0.1</td><td>1.6 ± 0.3</td><td>0.8 ± 0.2</td><td>1.39 ± 0.35</td><td>-0.44 ± 0.09</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.15</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.46</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.28</td><td>8.7</td><td>9.61</td><td>8.9 ± 0.1</td><td>10.0 ± 0.3</td><td>1.5 ± 0.1</td><td>16.13 ± 0.78</td><td>-0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.38</td><td>9.0</td><td>5.46</td><td>8.9 ± 0.1</td><td>5.5 ± 0.8</td><td>0.8 ± 0.1</td><td>4.72 ± 1.08</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.39</td><td>9.3</td><td>3.42</td><td>8.9 ± 0.1</td><td>2.8 ± 0.3</td><td>2.0 ± 0.2</td><td>5.93 ± 0.93</td><td>0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.16</td><td>9.3</td><td>1.09</td><td>9.2 ± 0.1</td><td>1.1 ± 0.3</td><td>0.7 ± 0.2</td><td>0.76 ± 0.37</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">PER 18</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.21</td><td>8.7</td><td>10.32</td><td>8.6 ± 0.1</td><td>10.4 ± 0.2</td><td>1.7 ± 0.1</td><td>19.13 ± 0.56</td><td>-0.12 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.28</td><td>8.9</td><td>5.00</td><td>8.8 ± 0.1</td><td>4.6 ± 0.4</td><td>0.9 ± 0.1</td><td>4.51 ± 0.67</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.14</td><td>8.7</td><td>3.90</td><td>8.8 ± 0.1</td><td>3.8 ± 0.2</td><td>1.0 ± 0.1</td><td>4.01 ± 0.33</td><td>0.02 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.15</td><td>9.1</td><td>0.71</td><td>9.0 ± 0.1</td><td>0.8 ± 0.4</td><td>0.5 ± 0.3</td><td>0.42 ± 0.35</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.21</td><td>9.9</td><td>8.59</td><td>9.7 ± 0.1</td><td>8.5 ± 0.1</td><td>2.5 ± 0.1</td><td>22.67 ± 0.57</td><td>-0.06 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.24</td><td>9.7</td><td>3.92</td><td>9.8 ± 0.1</td><td>3.3 ± 0.2</td><td>1.5 ± 0.1</td><td>5.30 ± 0.55</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.38</td><td>9.7</td><td>5.80</td><td>10.2 ± 0.1</td><td>4.3 ± 0.2</td><td>2.8 ± 0.1</td><td>12.72 ± 0.91</td><td>0.24 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">SCO 01</td><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.15</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.46</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td><sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.23</td><td>3.6</td><td>4.02</td><td>3.6 ± 0.1</td><td>3.5 ± 0.3</td><td>1.0 ± 0.1</td><td>3.61 ± 0.53</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table A.9. continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Molecule</th><th>Transition</th><th>σ<sub>rms</sub><br>(K)</th><th>ν<sub>max</sub><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>T<sub>max</sub><br>(K)</th><th>ν<sub>peak</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>T<sub>peak</sub><sup>a</sup><br>(K)</th><th>FWHM<sup>a</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>∫ T<sub>MB</sub> dν<sup>b</sup><br>(K km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>δ<sup>c</sup><br>(km s<sup>-1</sup>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.26</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.79</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.30</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.90</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.22</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.65</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">SERS 01</td><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.23</td><td>7.4</td><td>4.55</td><td>8.1 ± 0.1</td><td>3.7 ± 0.2</td><td>2.4 ± 0.1</td><td>9.25 ± 0.63</td><td>-0.02 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.30</td><td>8.2</td><td>1.88</td><td>8.2 ± 0.1</td><td>1.4 ± 0.3</td><td>1.6 ± 0.3</td><td>2.45 ± 0.68</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.36</td><td>8.6</td><td>4.07</td><td>8.5 ± 0.1</td><td>3.3 ± 0.3</td><td>1.8 ± 0.2</td><td>6.30 ± 0.85</td><td>0.26 ± 0.06<sup>e</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">SERS 02</td><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.26</td><td>7.2</td><td>6.65</td><td>8.1 ± 0.1</td><td>5.4 ± 0.1</td><td>5.0 ± 0.1</td><td>29.00 ± 0.85</td><td>0.12 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.33</td><td>7.8</td><td>4.59</td><td>7.8 ± 0.1</td><td>4.0 ± 0.2</td><td>2.3 ± 0.1</td><td>9.59 ± 0.77</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup><sup>d</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.38</td><td>7.0</td><td>10.17</td><td>7.7 ± 0.1</td><td>11.5 ± 0.4</td><td>3.0 ± 0.1</td><td>36.94 ± 1.61</td><td>-0.36 ± 0.02<sup>e</sup></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">TAU 01</td><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.13</td><td>7.2</td><td>4.13</td><td>7.0 ± 0.1</td><td>4.0 ± 0.1</td><td>1.8 ± 0.1</td><td>7.66 ± 0.39</td><td>0.18 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.20</td><td>6.9</td><td>2.48</td><td>6.8 ± 0.1</td><td>2.4 ± 0.4</td><td>0.9 ± 0.2</td><td>2.31 ± 0.55</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.22</td><td>6.6</td><td>3.01</td><td>6.8 ± 0.1</td><td>2.7 ± 0.3</td><td>1.2 ± 0.2</td><td>3.49 ± 0.65</td><td>-0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.11</td><td>6.9</td><td>0.46</td><td>6.9 ± 0.2</td><td>0.4 ± 0.3</td><td>0.6 ± 0.4</td><td>0.26 ± 0.28</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.29</td><td>6.6</td><td>2.54</td><td>6.6 ± 0.1</td><td>2.1 ± 0.6</td><td>0.7 ± 0.2</td><td>1.58 ± 0.67</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">TAU 02</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.34</td><td>7.2</td><td>1.79</td><td>7.2 ± 0.1</td><td>1.7 ± 0.9</td><td>0.5 ± 0.3</td><td>0.95 ± 0.79</td><td>0.85 ± 0.28</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.15</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.45</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.23</td><td>7.8</td><td>2.26</td><td>7.4 ± 0.1</td><td>1.6 ± 0.1</td><td>2.3 ± 0.2</td><td>3.84 ± 0.55</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">TAU 03</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.27</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.82</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.29</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.86</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.13</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.40</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.24</td><td>6.6</td><td>5.29</td><td>6.5 ± 0.1</td><td>4.1 ± 0.2</td><td>1.7 ± 0.1</td><td>7.39 ± 0.58</td><td>0.16 ± 0.06</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.31</td><td>6.2</td><td>2.19</td><td>6.3 ± 0.1</td><td>2.1 ± 0.6</td><td>0.7 ± 0.2</td><td>1.54 ± 0.72</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">TAU 04</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.28</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.84</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.15</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.44</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.32</td><td>7.2</td><td>1.53</td><td>7.2 ± 0.2</td><td>1.3 ± 0.3</td><td>1.4 ± 0.4</td><td>1.93 ± 0.73</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">TAU 06</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.28</td><td>7.4</td><td>2.66</td><td>7.4 ± 0.1</td><td>2.7 ± 0.5</td><td>0.8 ± 0.2</td><td>2.29 ± 0.66</td><td>0.12 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.21</td><td>5.8</td><td>1.70</td><td>6.3 ± 0.1</td><td>1.5 ± 0.2</td><td>2.0 ± 0.2</td><td>3.11 ± 0.49</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.26</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.78</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">TAU 07</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.27</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.82</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.18</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.54</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.80</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;2.41</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">TAU 08</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.25</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.75</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.17</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.50</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.48</td><td>5.3</td><td>2.63</td><td>5.5 ± 0.1</td><td>2.4 ± 1.0</td><td>0.7 ± 0.3</td><td>1.76 ± 1.10</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 01</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.21</td><td>5.3</td><td>1.27</td><td>5.3 ± 0.1</td><td>1.0 ± 0.2</td><td>1.8 ± 0.3</td><td>1.89 ± 0.47</td><td>-0.25 ± 0.12<sup>e</sup></td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.11</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.32</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.26</td><td>5.2</td><td>15.10</td><td>5.2 ± 0.1</td><td>16.1 ± 0.2</td><td>1.9 ± 0.1</td><td>32.16 ± 0.75</td><td>0.22 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 02</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.36</td><td>4.8</td><td>6.65</td><td>4.9 ± 0.1</td><td>6.8 ± 0.4</td><td>1.3 ± 0.1</td><td>9.36 ± 0.82</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.41</td><td>4.4</td><td>4.52</td><td>4.6 ± 0.1</td><td>4.5 ± 0.5</td><td>1.2 ± 0.2</td><td>5.78 ± 0.97</td><td>-0.23 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.14</td><td>4.6</td><td>0.84</td><td>4.7 ± 0.1</td><td>0.7 ± 0.3</td><td>0.8 ± 0.3</td><td>0.58 ± 0.33</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 03</td><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.30</td><td>4.8</td><td>27.47</td><td>4.8 ± 0.1</td><td>27.2 ± 0.4</td><td>1.1 ± 0.1</td><td>31.95 ± 0.75</td><td>0.01 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.37</td><td>4.8</td><td>6.90</td><td>4.8 ± 0.1</td><td>6.8 ± 0.6</td><td>0.9 ± 0.1</td><td>6.85 ± 0.87</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.49</td><td>4.8</td><td>3.74</td><td>4.9 ± 0.1</td><td>2.7 ± 0.4</td><td>1.8 ± 0.3</td><td>5.18 ± 1.15</td><td>0.10 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 04</td><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.15</td><td>5.0</td><td>0.63</td><td>5.1 ± 0.2</td><td>0.5 ± 0.3</td><td>0.8 ± 0.5</td><td>0.42 ± 0.35</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.29</td><td>5.8</td><td>19.39</td><td>6.1 ± 0.1</td><td>12.0 ± 0.4</td><td>2.9 ± 0.1</td><td>36.48 ± 1.89</td><td>-0.20 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.34</td><td>6.2</td><td>12.97</td><td>6.4 ± 0.1</td><td>12.1 ± 0.4</td><td>1.4 ± 0.1</td><td>17.45 ± 0.91</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 05</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.48</td><td>6.6</td><td>6.55</td><td>6.6 ± 0.1</td><td>6.6 ± 0.4</td><td>1.6 ± 0.1</td><td>11.43 ± 1.10</td><td>0.17 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.29</td><td>6.0</td><td>16.20</td><td>7.4 ± 0.1</td><td>8.7 ± 0.3</td><td>5.6 ± 0.2</td><td>51.37 ± 2.27</td><td>0.52 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.35</td><td>6.6</td><td>13.12</td><td>6.7 ± 0.1</td><td>13.2 ± 0.4</td><td>1.3 ± 0.1</td><td>18.29 ± 0.85</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 06</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.35</td><td>7.0</td><td>2.57</td><td>6.8 ± 0.1</td><td>2.4 ± 0.4</td><td>1.3 ± 0.2</td><td>3.32 ± 0.80</td><td>0.09 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.11</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.32</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.21</td><td>5.8</td><td>14.66</td><td>7.6 ± 0.1</td><td>11.5 ± 0.3</td><td>4.6 ± 0.1</td><td>55.71 ± 1.92</td><td>0.73 ± 0.02</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 07</td><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.26</td><td>6.2</td><td>14.47</td><td>6.5 ± 0.1</td><td>14.6 ± 0.3</td><td>1.5 ± 0.1</td><td>23.71 ± 0.76</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.28</td><td>6.6</td><td>3.20</td><td>6.8 ± 0.1</td><td>3.0 ± 0.3</td><td>1.5 ± 0.2</td><td>4.78 ± 0.67</td><td>0.16 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.11</td><td>6.2</td><td>0.39</td><td>6.5 ± 0.2</td><td>0.4 ± 0.2</td><td>0.7 ± 0.5</td><td>0.27 ± 0.26</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 07</td><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.20</td><td>5.8</td><td>12.81</td><td>6.0 ± 0.1</td><td>11.8 ± 0.3</td><td>1.9 ± 0.1</td><td>23.49 ± 0.91</td><td>-0.29 ± 0.03</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.23</td><td>7.0</td><td>5.54</td><td>6.6 ± 0.1</td><td>3.0 ± 0.2</td><td>1.9 ± 0.2</td><td>6.26 ± 0.73</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.29</td><td>6.8</td><td>1.66</td><td>6.9 ± 0.1</td><td>1.7 ± 0.9</td><td>0.5 ± 0.3</td><td>0.91 ± 0.68</td><td>0.16 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 07</td><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.12</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.36</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>13</sup>CO</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.20</td><td>6.8</td><td>2.25</td><td>7.1 ± 0.1</td><td>1.7 ± 0.1</td><td>2.2 ± 0.2</td><td>4.00 ± 0.47</td><td>-0.38 ± 0.07</td></tr><tr><td>C<sup>18</sup>O</td><td>3-2</td><td>0.25</td><td>7.4</td><td>3.34</td><td>7.4 ± 0.1</td><td>3.3 ± 0.5</td><td>0.7 ± 0.1</td><td>2.49 ± 0.57</td><td>0.00 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">W40 07</td><td>HCO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.28</td><td>7.4</td><td>1.51</td><td>7.4 ± 0.1</td><td>1.6 ± 0.5</td><td>0.9 ± 0.3</td><td>1.45 ± 0.65</td><td>0.06 ± 0.01</td></tr><tr><td>H<sup>13</sup>CO<sup>+</sup></td><td>4-3</td><td>0.12</td><td>—</td><td>&lt;0.35</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table A.10.** Source evolution.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Outflow</th><th>H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>a</sup></th><th>mid-J CO<sup>a</sup></th><th>Stage<sup>b</sup></th><th>T<sub>bol</sub></th><th>Class</th><th>Final Class<sup>c</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AQU 01</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 02</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 03</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>E</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 04</td><td>Y</td><td>E</td><td>N</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 05</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 06</td><td>Y</td><td>E</td><td>N</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>CHA 01</td><td>Y</td><td>E</td><td>E</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CHA 02</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>CRA 01</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>OPH 01</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>E</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II+PDR?<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>OPH 02</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 01</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 02</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 04</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 05</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 06</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 07</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>N</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 08</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>C</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 09</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>C</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 10</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 12</td><td>N</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 13</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 14</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 15</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>N</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 16</td><td>Y</td><td>E</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 17</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>C</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 18</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 19</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>PER 20</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 21</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>PER 22</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>SCO 01</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II</td></tr><tr><td>SERS 01</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>SERS 02</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 01</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 02</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>C</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 03</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>N</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TAU 04</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 06</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>E</td><td>0/I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 07</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>E</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 08</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 09</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>E</td><td>II</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>II</td></tr><tr><td>W40 01</td><td>N</td><td>B+P</td><td>P</td><td>C</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0+PDR<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 02</td><td>Y</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>0/I</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>W40 03</td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>C</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>PS?+PDR<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 04</td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>C</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>PS?+PDR<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 05</td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>C</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>PS?+PDR<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 06</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td>C</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>PS?+PDR<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td>W40 07</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>E</td><td>C</td><td>0</td><td></td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. (a) From HIFI observations: B = broad, E = envelope, P = PDR and N = non-detection. (b) Based on the scheme of Carney et al. (2016), C = confused. (c) Final classification, PS? = potentially pre-stellar, PDR = narrow, bright $^{12}$CO J = 10–9 emission consistent with a photon-dominated region. (d) See Appendix C for more details.
## Appendix B: Observation IDs

This section presents the Herschel observation ID numbers for all WILL HIFI and PACS spectral observations (Table B.1), as

well as those of the Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometric maps used to extract source photometry (Table B.2).

<table><caption>**Table B.1.** Herschel observation identification numbers for WILL HIFI and PACS observations.</caption><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>H<sub>2</sub>O 1<sub>10</sub>–1<sub>01</sub><sup>a</sup></th><th>H<sub>2</sub>O 3<sub>12</sub>–2<sub>21</sub><sup>b</sup></th><th>H<sub>2</sub>O 1<sub>11</sub>–0<sub>00</sub><sup>c</sup></th><th>H<sub>2</sub>O 2<sub>02</sub>–1<sub>11</sub><sup>d</sup></th><th>PACS 1</th><th>PACS 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AQU 01</td><td>1342268681</td><td>1342268121</td><td>1342266489</td><td>1342268160</td><td>1342254232</td><td>1342254233</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 02</td><td>1342268682</td><td>1342268125</td><td>1342266488</td><td>1342268159</td><td>1342254270</td><td>1342254271</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 03</td><td>1342268683</td><td>1342268486</td><td>1342266501</td><td>1342268154</td><td>1342254226</td><td>1342254227</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 04</td><td>1342268684</td><td>1342268492</td><td>1342266499</td><td>1342268156</td><td>1342254225</td><td>1342254224</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 05</td><td>1342268462</td><td>1342268119</td><td>1342266500</td><td>1342268155</td><td>1342254229</td><td>1342254228</td></tr><tr><td>AQU 06</td><td>1342268463</td><td>1342268123</td><td>1342266498</td><td>1342268153</td><td>1342254272</td><td>1342254273</td></tr><tr><td>CHA 01</td><td>1342263152</td><td>1342254889</td><td>1342263403</td><td>1342257661</td><td>1342267618</td><td>1342267619</td></tr><tr><td>CHA 02</td><td>1342263153</td><td>1342266398</td><td>1342263404</td><td>1342267974</td><td>1342265695</td><td>1342265694</td></tr><tr><td>CRA 01</td><td>1342254318</td><td>1342254375</td><td>1342254377</td><td>1342254338</td><td>1342254254</td><td>1342254253</td></tr><tr><td>OPH 01</td><td>1342263422</td><td>1342263173</td><td>1342266509</td><td>1342266759</td><td>1342266926</td><td>1342266925</td></tr><tr><td>OPH 02</td><td>1342266423</td><td>1342263172</td><td>1342266508</td><td>1342266758</td><td>1342263470</td><td>1342263469</td></tr><tr><td>PER 01</td><td>1342263524</td><td>1342262778</td><td>1342263321</td><td>1342262807</td><td>1342263509</td><td>1342263508</td></tr><tr><td>PER 02</td><td>1342263526</td><td>1342262779</td><td>1342263322</td><td>1342262806</td><td>1342263507</td><td>1342263506</td></tr><tr><td>PER 03</td><td>1342263525</td><td>1342262777</td><td>1342263323</td><td>1342262808</td><td>1342263511</td><td>1342263510</td></tr><tr><td>PER 04</td><td>1342263523</td><td>1342262776</td><td>1342263324</td><td>1342262809</td><td>1342264251</td><td>1342264250</td></tr><tr><td>PER 05</td><td>1342263529</td><td>1342262784</td><td>1342263325</td><td>1342262795</td><td>1342264249</td><td>1342264248</td></tr><tr><td>PER 06</td><td>1342263530</td><td>1342262783</td><td>1342263326</td><td>1342262794</td><td>1342264246</td><td>1342264247</td></tr><tr><td>PER 07</td><td>1342263531</td><td>1342262782</td><td>1342263327</td><td>1342262802</td><td>1342264244</td><td>1342264245</td></tr><tr><td>PER 08</td><td>1342263535</td><td>1342262786</td><td>1342263328</td><td>1342262793</td><td>1342264242</td><td>1342264243</td></tr><tr><td>PER 09</td><td>1342263431</td><td>1342262787</td><td>1342263329</td><td>1342262792</td><td>1342267611</td><td>1342267612</td></tr><tr><td>PER 10</td><td>1342263534</td><td>1342262785</td><td>1342263330</td><td>1342262791</td><td>1342267615</td><td>1342267616</td></tr><tr><td>PER 11</td><td>1342263433</td><td>1342262780</td><td>1342263331</td><td>1342262803</td><td>1342267607</td><td>1342267608</td></tr><tr><td>PER 12</td><td>1342263532</td><td>1342262781</td><td>1342263332</td><td>1342262804</td><td>1342267609</td><td>1342267610</td></tr><tr><td>PER 13</td><td>1342263536</td><td>1342262788</td><td>1342263333</td><td>1342262790</td><td>1342267613</td><td>1342267614</td></tr><tr><td>PER 14</td><td>1342263537</td><td>1342262774</td><td>1342263334</td><td>1342266763</td><td>1342263512</td><td>1342263513</td></tr><tr><td>PER 15</td><td>1342263434</td><td>1342262775</td><td>1342263335</td><td>1342262810</td><td>1342263514</td><td>1342263515</td></tr><tr><td>PER 16</td><td>1342263538</td><td>1342263161</td><td>1342263336</td><td>1342266764</td><td>1342265447</td><td>1342265448</td></tr><tr><td>PER 17</td><td>1342263539</td><td>1342263163</td><td>1342263337</td><td>1342266765</td><td>1342263486</td><td>1342263487</td></tr><tr><td>PER 18</td><td>1342263540</td><td>1342263162</td><td>1342263338</td><td>1342266766</td><td>1342265449</td><td>1342265450</td></tr><tr><td>PER 19</td><td>1342263541</td><td>1342263164</td><td>1342263339</td><td>1342266767</td><td>1342265451</td><td>1342265452</td></tr><tr><td>PER 20</td><td>1342263542</td><td>1342263165</td><td>1342263340</td><td>1342266768</td><td>1342265453</td><td>1342265454</td></tr><tr><td>PER 21</td><td>1342263543</td><td>1342263166</td><td>1342263341</td><td>1342266769</td><td>1342265455</td><td>1342265456</td></tr><tr><td>PER 22</td><td>1342263544</td><td>1342263167</td><td>1342263342</td><td>1342266770</td><td>1342265701</td><td>1342265702</td></tr><tr><td>SCO 01</td><td>1342266428</td><td>1342263174</td><td>1342263319</td><td>1342266760</td><td>1342267175</td><td>1342267176</td></tr><tr><td>SERS 01</td><td>1342268464</td><td>1342268487</td><td>1342266502</td><td>1342268158</td><td>1342254231</td><td>1342254230</td></tr><tr><td>SERS 02</td><td>1342268465</td><td>1342268118</td><td>1342266497</td><td>1342268157</td><td>1342254223</td><td>1342254222</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 01</td><td>1342266913</td><td>1342268127</td><td>1342266486</td><td>1342266771</td><td>1342265458</td><td>1342265457</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 02</td><td>1342266931</td><td>1342268128</td><td>1342266485</td><td>1342266772</td><td>1342265460</td><td>1342265459</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 03</td><td>1342266932</td><td>1342268129</td><td>1342266484</td><td>1342266773</td><td>1342265462</td><td>1342265461</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 04</td><td>1342266933</td><td>1342268131</td><td>1342266482</td><td>1342266774</td><td>1342265464</td><td>1342265463</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 06</td><td>1342266934</td><td>1342268130</td><td>1342266483</td><td>1342266775</td><td>1342265465</td><td>1342265466</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 07</td><td>1342266935</td><td>1342268133</td><td>1342266481</td><td>1342266776</td><td>1342265467</td><td>1342265468</td></tr><tr><td>TAU 08</td><td>1342266930</td><td>1342268135</td><td>1342266477</td><td>1342266778</td><td>—<sup>e</sup></td><td>—<sup>e</sup></td></tr><tr><td>TAU 09</td><td>1342266936</td><td>1342268134</td><td>1342266478</td><td>1342268144</td><td>1342267856</td><td>1342267857</td></tr><tr><td>W40 01</td><td>1342268272</td><td>1342268488</td><td>1342266496</td><td>1342268152</td><td>1342254221</td><td>1342254220</td></tr><tr><td>W40 02</td><td>1342268273</td><td>1342268122</td><td>1342266495</td><td>1342268151</td><td>1342254269</td><td>1342254268</td></tr><tr><td>W40 03</td><td>1342268676</td><td>1342268489</td><td>1342266494</td><td>1342268150</td><td>1342254267</td><td>1342254266</td></tr><tr><td>W40 04</td><td>1342268677</td><td>1342268124</td><td>1342266493</td><td>1342268149</td><td>1342254261</td><td>1342254260</td></tr><tr><td>W40 05</td><td>1342268678</td><td>1342268490</td><td>1342266492</td><td>1342268148</td><td>1342254265</td><td>1342254264</td></tr><tr><td>W40 06</td><td>1342268679</td><td>1342268491</td><td>1342266491</td><td>1342268147</td><td>1342254258</td><td>1342254259</td></tr><tr><td>W40 07</td><td>1342268680</td><td>1342268120</td><td>1342266490</td><td>1342268146</td><td>1342254262</td><td>1342254263</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. (a) Observation also contains $H_2^{18}O$ $1_{10}-1_{01}$ in the other sideband. (b) Observation also contains CO $J = 10-9$ in the same sideband.

(c) Observation also contains $H_2^{18}O$ $1_{11}-0_{00}$ in other sideband and $^{13}$CO $J = 10-9$ in the same sideband. (d) Observation also contains $C^{18}O$ $J = 9-8$ in the same sideband. (e) Observation scheduled but not successfully observed before the end of science operations.
<table><caption>**Table B.2.** Herschel observation identification numbers for continuum PACS and SPIRE observations used to determine far-IR SED fluxes.</caption><thead><tr><th>Region</th><th>PACS 70 µm</th><th>PACS 100 µm</th><th>PACS 160 µm</th><th>SPIRE 250, 350 and 500 µm</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Aquila, Serpens South & W40</td><td>1342186277,1342186278</td><td>1342193534,1342193535</td><td>1342193534,1342193535</td><td>1342186277,1342186278</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Chameleon</td><td>1342213178,1342213179</td><td>1342224782,1342224783</td><td>1342224782,1342224783</td><td>1342213178,1342213179</td></tr><tr><td>1342213180,1342213181</td><td>1342212708,1342212709</td><td>1342212708,1342212709</td><td>1342213180,1342213181</td></tr><tr><td>Corona Australis</td><td>1342206677,1342206678</td><td>1342218806,1342218807</td><td>1342218806,1342218807</td><td>1342206677,1342206678</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Ophiuchus</td><td>1342205093,1342205094</td><td>1342227148,1342227149</td><td>1342227148,1342227149</td><td>1342205093,1342205094</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1342227148,1342227149</td><td>1342227148,1342227149</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Perseus</td><td>1342190326,1342190327</td><td>1342227103,1342227104</td><td>1342227103,1342227104</td><td>1342190326,1342190327</td></tr><tr><td>1342214504,1342214505</td><td>1342216077,1342216078</td><td>1342216077,1342216078</td><td>1342214504,1342214505</td></tr><tr><td>Scorpius</td><td>1342267724,1342267725</td><td>-</td><td>1342267724,1342267725</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Taurus</td><td>1342190616,1342190654</td><td>1342228005,1342228006</td><td>1342190616,1342228005</td><td>1342190616,1342190652</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1342228006,1342190652</td><td></td><td>1342190653,1342190654</td></tr><tr><td>1342190655</td><td></td><td>1342190653</td><td>1342190655,1342202253</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1342202254</td></tr></tbody></table>

## Appendix C: Discussion of individual cases

This section presents notes on individual sources to explain oddities in the data that bear specific mention.

**AQU01:** the additional emission component observed only in the H₂O 1₀⁻₁₀ line towards this source (which has the largest beam) is almost certainly due to another source on the edge of the beam. This source is outside the beam for all other HIFI observations.

**CHA 01:** this source shows a relatively small and weak but detectible outflow in CO *J* = 3–2, as well as a relatively narrow detection in H₂O with HIFI and detections in [O I], H₂O, CO and OH with PACS. The principle reason this source is not designated as a Class I is the non-detection of HCO⁺. The low velocity of the outflow suggests this may either be a remnant from the Class I phase, or a disk-wind such as recently seen by ALMA in HD 163296 (Klaassen et al. 2013).

**CHA 02:** the non-detection of water emission in the HIFI observations for this Class I source is unsurprising given that only a few lines are marginally detected in PACS and no outflow is detected in CO *J* = 3–2. There is a detection in [O I], suggesting that some form of jet or wind is present. This source is therefore probably nearing the Class II phase and simply has too tenuous an envelope for a significant outflow component to still be present and detectible.

**OPH01:** this source does not show compact HCO⁺ or C¹⁸O emission, so is not Class 0/I. There is a cold, starless core to the north that increasingly dominates at longer wavelengths (e.g. Sadavoy et al. 2010) and is causing the source to appear more embedded than it really is. The strong, narrow CO *J* = 10–9 emission profile, along with the PACS detection of CO *J* = 16–15 are most likely from a PDR or bow-shock, possibly caused by interaction between the infrared source and the cold core if they are spatially associated. Given that the primary infrared source is visible in the mid-IR (e.g. Brown et al. 2013), we classify it as Class II, whilst noting that there is also PDR-like emission.

**PER 02:** high-resolution BIMA observations of the CO outflows and Spitzer IRAC scattered light observations show that the blue outflow lobe of this source is contaminated by the blue outflow lobe originating from L1448-MM to the south (Kwon et al. 2006; Tobin et al. 2007). We therefore do not report outflow properties as it is impossible to disentangle the two flows. However, the BIMA observations do show activity related

to the targeted source, so it is still classified as having a detected outflow for the purposes of source evolution. The broad absorption in the blue outflow lobe in the ground-state water lines likely takes place against the outflow from L1448-MM, indicating that it is between this source and the observer. In particular, the saturated absorption feature below the continuum in H₂O 1₁₁⁻₀₀₀ (see San José-García 2015) rules out the possibility that this is instead caused by a combination of emission from the different outflows in the beam. Thus, the source is most likely further away than the outflow from L1448-MM and the two are probably not interacting directly.

**PER 04:** the non-detection of water for this Class 0 source is slightly surprising given the detection of an outflow in CO *J* = 3–2. However, the low velocity of the outflow may mean that any shocks are not fast enough to sputter water from the grains or warm enough to lead to efficient gas-phase formation. This may indicate that this source is particularly young or has been in a lower-accretion phase for some time.

**PER 06:** while the CO *J* = 3–2 data are consistent with an outflow originating from this source (NGC 1333-IRAS2B), it is impossible to disentangle the contribution of NGC 1333-IRAS2A, something even Plunkett et al. (2013) find impossible at three times higher spatial resolution with CARMA, so we follow those authors in not quoting any outflow property values.

**PER 08:** at least part of the strange outflow morphology from this source may be from another nearby source or indicate that it is a multiple. However, it is a single star in high-resolution VLA observations (Tobin et al. 2016) and there are no other obvious infrared candidates nearby so for now we attribute all the outflow emission to this protostar.

**PER 12:** the red outflow lobe of NGC 1333-IRAS4A passes through the H₂O 1₀⁻₁₀ beam but not the other transitions that have smaller beam-sizes; hence the detection in only this transition. There is no evidence in the CO *J* = 3–2 data of an outflow associated with this source. However, Tobin et al. (2015) note that Spitzer images are suggestive of a jet or outflow related to the source (see their Fig. 19), so the non-detection is likely because the outflow is in the plane of the sky rather than because this source does not have an outflow.

**PER 22:** the morphology of the outflow in CO *J* = 3–2 is suggestive of two outflows, particularly in the red lobe, with one being approximately north-south and the other east-west. Enoch et al. (2009) find another, more evolved Class I source (Per-emb 55) ~9'' away, which therefore lies within the Herschel
beam. VLA observations resolve this additional source into a binary (Tobin et al. 2016), suggesting that this is actually a triple if Per-emb 8 and 55 are spatially associated.

**SERS 01:** this source is significantly offset in both the continuum and molecular lines from the position given by Maury et al. (2011), which is likely why it is relatively weak in the HIFI and PACS observations.

**TAU 03:** most of the outflow near this source is likely due to a neighbouring, probably younger, source, though there does seem to be a weak flow from the primary target as well.

**TAU 06:** the outflow observed in CO J = 3–2 seems to have two blue outflow lobes, and the red and blue outflow lobes are not well aligned. Given the low velocity of the outflow, it may be close to the plane of the sky, or there may be multiple outflows in the region. There is no other obvious driving source in the vicinity however, so we assign all the emission to the target.

**TAU 07–09:** these Class II sources exhibit some line broadening in CO J = 3–2 around the source position. While the line-wings are not at high enough velocity offset (FWZI $\le$ 10 km s⁻¹) to be considered related to a true outflow, this is suggestive of either higher turbulence or a small disk wind (cf. Klaassen et al. 2013) in these sources.

**W4001:** the HIFI H₂O spectra show a broad line-wing, in addition to PDR-like absorption close to the $v_{LSR}$, consistent with an outflow, though there is no outflow detected in low-J CO.

The source is compact and relatively bright at 70 µm, which led Könyves et al. (2015) to designate this source as protostellar, rather than prestellar, and it is detected in the mid-IR. It is therefore most likely a Class 0 source, though the presence of the W40 PDR complicates the detection and passage of the outflow.

**W40 03–06:** these sources show little or only very weak continuum emission at wavelengths shorter than 100 µm, while at longer wavelengths, the emission is not particularly compact. They also do not show any signs of outflow and the only line detections are related to emission from the W40 PDR. We therefore designate these sources as potentially prestellar, but note that the PDR makes a reliable classification more difficult.

**W40 07:** the outflow observed towards this source in CO J = 3–2 is surprisingly strong given that there is no emission detected in H₂O and only a faint, narrow and tentative detection in CO J = 10–9. The low fluxes in the mid-IR would seem to suggest that there is little warm gas around this source, but the sub-mm and mm continuum detections indicate a significant reservoir of cold dust. The bright and compact nature of the 70 µm PACS continuum emission and shape of the SED led Könyves et al. (2015) to designate this source as protostellar. It is therefore most likely a very young protostellar source where the outflow has not become fast and warm enough to be detected in H₂O and high-J CO.