# Reinhart Schuster (1930-2023) - Obituary

Günther Krisper, Ernst Ebermann, Günther Raspotnig, Julia Baumann, Sylvia Schäffer, Tobias Pfingstl

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Günther Krisper, Ernst Ebermann, Günther Raspotnig, Julia Baumann, Sylvia Schäffer, et al. Rein-hart Schuster (1930-2023) - Obituary. Acarologia, 2023, 63 (4), pp.1085-1093. 10.24349/4dhz-3c5k . hal-04234503

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# Reinhart Schuster (1930-2023) - Obituary

Günther Krisper IDª, Ernst Ebermannª, Günther Raspotnig IDª, Julia Baumann IDª, Sylvia Schäffer IDª, Tobias Pfingstl IDª

## Obituary

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1** Reinhart Schuster on one of his last hiking trips in the Alps (2020).</figcaption></figure>

Published 06 October 2023

Corresponding author
Tobias Pfingstl ID:
tobias.pfingstl@uni-graz.at

https://doi.org/10.24349/4dhz-3c5k

ISSN 0044-586X (print)
ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic)

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Krisper G. et al.

Licensed under
Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0

On 4 June 2023, Reinhart Schuster (Fig. 1), Professor Emeritus of Karl-Franzens-University Graz, died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 92. He was a pioneer in soil zoological research studying different groups, as for example collembolans, dipterans, myriapods and mites. In addition, he was a world leading specialist for oribatid mites. He lived a fulfilling live, rich in adventurous expeditions and scientific discoveries. He was a very friendly and open-minded person who will be missed by many of us.

Reinhart Schuster was born on 24.08.1930 in Graz, Austria. Being fascinated by beasts and bugs and every living thing from a young age, it was only natural that he enrolled for the study of Biology (with focus on Zoology) at the University of Graz in 1949. During his studies, he already came in contact with the eight-legged animals that would be the center of attention for

<footnote>ªInstitute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.</footnote>
all of his life, and he obtained his degree of Dr. phil. in 1954 through writing his dissertation about the role of oribatid mites in decomposition processes in the soil ("Der Anteil der Oribatiden an den Zersetzungsvorgängen im Boden", supervised by o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Kühnelt). From 1955 to 1956, Reinhart Schuster worked for several months as assistant at the Institute of Zoology II at the University of Vienna and made research trips to the Laboratoire Arago in Banyuls-sur-mer, France, the Station Marine d'Endoume in Marseille, in France, the Max-Planck-Institut für Meeresbiologie in Wilhelmshaven, Germany and the Biologische Station in Neusiedl am See, Austria. During those research trips, he studied the arthropod fauna of the (mostly) marine littoral zone and published his first work on this topic, which would be of great importance for him all of his life, in 1956: "The rim of calcareous algae at Côte des Albères as habitat for small terricol animals" (Das Kalkalgen-Trottoir an der Côte des Albères als Lebensraum terricoler Kleintiere; Vie et Milieu 7: 242-257). Reinhart Schuster spent the next five years as assistant at the Institute for Zoology in Graz and used this time to present his "Habilitation" (postdoctoral lecture qualification) with the title "The marine littoral as habitat for terrestrial small arthropods" (Das marine Litoral als Lebensraum terrestrischer Kleinarthropoden; Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 47: 359-412) in 1962 under the supervision of o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Erich Reisinger.

The next important step in his career was his appointment as "Diätendozent" (an academic title conferred at universities in mostly German-speaking countries) at the Zoologische Institut der Technischen Hochschule Braunschweig in Germany under o. Prof. Dr. Friedrich Schaller. As Diätendozent, Reinhart Schuster was in charge of fundamental parts of teaching: he was responsible for theoretical lectures on special zoology and animal geography, for classification exercises and an arthropod seminar, and for classes on marine biology, including field trips to Rovinj, Croatia, and Helgoland, Germany. He also (co-)directed theses and dissertations, especially with regard to morphology, systematics, ecology and ethology. It comes as no surprise to anybody who knew him and his kind and humorous manner that he enjoyed his teaching responsibilities and in turn became very popular with the students.

Friedrich Schaller nominated Reinhart Schuster for professorship in 1966, but as other German zoologists also had gotten interested in him, he followed the call to the Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel where he succeeded Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Adolf Remane as chaired professor of zoology and director of the Department of General Zoology and Zoological Museum in 1967 (Figure 2A). The department at that time, although having high scientific standards, was in an obsolete state regarding rooms and equipment. Improving this situation was one of his first efforts in his time in Kiel. He reorganized structures within the institute, worked out new programs of study and introduced new, specific classes like "Introduction to Arachnology". As new assistants and doctoral students joined, Reinhart Schuster could establish his own working group focusing on soil zoology, littoral biology and acarology. Even after his retirement, he often spoke fondly of his "Kieler Truppe", his doctoral students in Kiel (G. Alberti, H. Witte, R. Ehrnsberger, G. Theis and St. Woas). Unfortunately, Reinhart's stay in Kiel was overshadowed by a radical political climate that developed at that time at German universities and which made teaching very difficult. For example, lectures were heavily disturbed by so-called sit ins, and scientific material had to be removed from the institute to avoid it being destroyed by progressive students. These troubles probably also made it easier for him to leave Kiel when he received the offer to return to Graz after a relatively short but very fruitful period in Kiel, where he had made an impact in science as well as in administration.

In February 1971, Reinhart Schuster returned to his hometown Graz, to assume office of a full professor of Zoology at the University of Graz. His chair should last for 27 years, until his retirement ("emeritus status") in 1998. During these years, Reinhart Schuster established a novel direction of research and teaching at the institute in Graz, not only on soil zoology but with a particular focus on Acarology. A number of lectures and courses on soil zoological topics were introduced, and well perceived by the students. Reinhart Schuster was a gifted teacher: besides outstanding rhetorical skills, he had the ability to present complex issues in an easy-understandable way, always classing particular topics into a higher-level assembly and
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2** Reinhart Schuster at different stages of his life. A. Taking a walk on the coast of Kiel (1967) where he had his first professorship. B. Fulfilling his duties as dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in Graz (1974). C. Visiting the 'Tiergarten Schönbrunn' in Vienna (1983). D. Attending the 14th International Congress of Acarology in Kyoto Japan (2014), meeting his good friend Prof. Jun-ichi Aoki. E. Group photo (2017) with some of his 'scientific offspring' from Graz (left to right; first row: Ernst Ebermann, Reinhart Schuster, Günther Krisper; second row: Günther Raspotnig, Tobias Pfingstl, Andrea Lienhard, Sylvia Schäffer; third row: Kathrin Kuess, Michaela Bodner, Michaela Sebernegg, Julia Baumann).</figcaption></figure>
attaching importance to understanding biological intercorrelations. Remarkably, he had the
ability to fascinate students by his topics, drawing large crowds of students to deeper studies
on soil zoology and Acarology and to diploma- and doctoral theses under his supervision.
At the same time, Reinhart Schuster intensified his own research on Oribatida, focusing
on the distribution of species in Austria and neighboring countries, species descriptions,
and morphological and ecological studies. In the later 1970s and 1980s Reinhart Schuster
established a second generation of scientific off-spring (following his "Kieler group") and a
hard-core of assistants and co-workers permanently worked under his guidance, in particular
to mention his long-term associates Ernst Ebermann (working on Scutacaridae) and Günther
Krisper (working on Oribatida). Beginning with the mid-1980s, a third generation of scientific
off-spring arose: Even though mainly working on Acarology, the range of his scientific topics,
also those for diploma theses, was wide, including topics on the taxonomy, morphology, and
ecology of various soil arthropods such as revisions of harvestmen taxa (by C. Komposch),
spiders (by C. Kropf, E. Jantscher), and diverse ecological and taxonomic studies on different
insect orders. Reinhart Schuster's scientific interest also included highly modern and specific
biological questions, for example mechanistic studies on the jumping ability of oribatids
(conducted by G. Krisper), on oribatid phylogeny (by G. Haumann), ontogeny (by T. Pfingstl),
histology of organ systems and chemical ecology of oribatids (by G. Raspotnig).

Many of these investigations were pioneering, breaking new scientific ground in Acarology.
In 1998, at the age of 68, Reinhart Schuster retired from his position as an ordinary of the
Institute of Zoology in Graz, but stayed active as "Professor emeritus", carrying on working in
a study at the Zoological Institute, and very actively pursuing his teaching on soil zoology and
ecology but now also focusing on particular research projects.

This latter engagement resulted in a scientific long-term achievement to unravel the
mysterious “oil glands” of oribatids – large opisthosomal glands that characterize the majority
of Oribatida and that produce species-specific semiochemicals, pheromones and allomones,
but were nearly unstudied at this time. The “oil glands of Oribatida” finally arose as a large
research project funded by the Austrian Science Fund (the central funding agency for basic
research in Austria) and headed by Reinhart Schuster, continuing the doctoral studies of one of
his fellow researchers, G. Raspotnig (who, together with G. Krisper, conducted the project).

Reinhart Schuster still remained active even after the finalization of this project, continuing
to attend acarological congresses all over the world (Figure 2D) where he was well respected
and always welcome. His last years at the Institute were characterized by his open-minded,
friendly manner, his fatherly advices and his open ear for every sort of problem. He did not lose
his sharp mind and his fine sense of humor, even in times of declining health. Reinhart Schuster
passed away on 4th of June 2023, at the age of 92. His scientific heritage not only comprises
119 publications (mainly on Acarology, including two edited books) but also multiple new
generations of enthusiastic acarologists - Reinhart Schuster's scientific "offspring" - that carry
on studying the fascinating world of mites.

Appointments

Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, 1973-1974

President of the 4th International Congress of Acarology (Saalfelden, Austria), 1974

President of the Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Steiermark, 1972-1975 and 1993-1996

Member of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, from 1986 onward

President of the European Association of Acarologists (EURAAC), 1987-1988

Board Member of the Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft (DZG), 1989-1990

Executive member of the International Commission of Acarology (ICA), 1986-1994

President of the Österreichische Entomologische Gesellschaft, 1993-1996

Honorary president of the Österreichische Entomologische Gesellschaft

Honorary Lifetime Member of the International Congresses of Acarology (1998)
ORCID

Günther Krisper ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4073-4821

Günther Raspotnig ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-9406

Julia Baumann ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4486-4121

Sylvia Schäffer ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6325-1497

Tobias Pfingstl ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-8051

List of publications (in chronological order)

Schuster R. 1955. Untersuchungen über die bodenbiologische Bedeutung der Oribatiden (Acari). Naturwissenschaften, 42: 108. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00617264

Schuster R. 1955. Untersuchungen an steirischen Bodenmilben (Oribatei). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 85: 131-138.

Schuster R. 1955. Faunistische Nachrichten aus Steiermark II. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 85: 6.

Schuster R. 1956. Der Anteil der Oribatiden an den Zersetzungsvorgängen im Boden. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 45: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00699814

Schuster R. 1956. Beitrag zur Biologie der mediterranen Libelle Crocothemis erythraea Brulle (Odonata). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, 3: 81-83.

Schuster R. 1956. Ergänzender Beitrag zur steirischen Bodenmilben-Fauna (Oribatei). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 86: 96-101.

Schuster R. 1956. Das Kalkalgen-Trottoir an der Cote des Albères als Lebensraum terricoler Kleintiere. Vie et Milieu, 7: 242-257.

Schuster R. 1957. Ergänzender Nachtrag zu R. Schuster: Das Kalkalgen-Trottoir an der Cote des Albères als Lebensraum terricoler Kleintiere. Vie et Milieu, 8: 109.

Schuster R. 1957. Wiederfund und Beschreibung von Steganacarus phyllophorus (Berl.); (Oribatei, Acari). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 158: 97-102.

Schuster R. 1957. Haloribatula tenareae nov. gen., nov. spec., eine neue Oribatide aus dem mediterranen Eulitoral. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 159: 122-127.

Schuster R. 1957. Die terrestrische Kleinarthropodenfauna in den Tenarea-Trottoirs des westmediterranen Litorals. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 13: 244-262.

Schuster R. 1958. Neue terrestrische Milben aus dem mediterranen Litoral. Vie et Milieu, 9: 88-109.

Schuster R. 1958. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Milbenfauna (Oribatei) in pannonischen Trockenböden. Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abteilung I, 167: 221-235.

Schuster R. 1959. Ökologisch-faunistische Untersuchungen an bodenbewohnenden Kleinarthropoden (speziell Oribatiden) des Salzlachengebietes im Seewinkel. Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abteilung I, 168: 27-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25235-2_1

Schuster R. 1960. Der Indikationswert von Bodenmilben (Oribatei) für die tiergeographische Beurteilung des Alpen-Ostrandes. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1959: 363-369.

Schuster R. 1960. Die europäischen Arten der Gattung Perlohmannia Berlese (Acari, Oribatei). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 164: 185-195.

Schuster R. 1960. Über die Ökologie und Verbreitung von Bodenmilben (Oribatei) am Alpen-Ostrand, insbesondere in der Steiermark - Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 90: 132-149.

Schuster R. 1960. Allgemeine faunistische Nachrichten aus Steiermark, VII - Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 90: 5-12.

Schuster R. 1960. Über die Morphologie und Artengliederung der Gattung Epilohmannia Berlese, 1917 (Acari, Oribatei). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 165: 197-213.

Schuster R. 1961. Allgemeine faunistische Nachrichten aus Steiermark, VIII. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 91: 77-79.

Schuster R. 1961. Über das Vorkommen der Singzikade Cicadetta montana Scop. in der Steiermark. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 91: 163-164.

Schuster R. 1962. Das marine Litoral als Lebensraum terrestrischer Kleinarthropoden. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 47: 359-412. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19620470304

Schuster R. 1962. Allgemeine faunistische Nachrichten aus Steiermark, IX. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 92: 39-40.

Schuster R. 1962. Nachweis eines Paarungszeremoniells bei den Hornmilben (Oribatei, Acari). Naturwissenschaften, 49: 502. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00637051

Schuster R. 1962. Neue Mesoprophora-Vorkommen in der Neotropis (Arachn., Acari, Oribatei). Senckenbergiana biologica, 43: 489-495.

Schuster R. 1963. Thalassozetes riparius n. gen., n. sp., eine litoralbewohnende Oribatide von bemerkenswerter morphologischer Variabilität (Acari, Oribatei). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 171: 391-403.

Schuster R. 1964. Allgemeine faunistische Nachrichten aus Steiermark, X. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 94: 133-135.

Schuster R. 1965. Die Ökologie der terrestrischen Kleinauna des Meeresstrandes. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1964: 492-521.
Schuster R. 1965. Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer (im Winter 1961/62), Teil I; Litoralbewohnende Arthropoden terrestrischer Herkunft. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 92: 327-343.

Schuster R. 1965. Zoogeographisch bedeutsame Funde des Riesencollembolen *Tetrodontophora bielanensis* im südöstlichen Mitteleuropa. Anzeiger der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Jg. 1965, No. 7: 1-5.

Schuster R. 1965. Über die Ökologie und Artengliederung der thalassobionten Collembolenfauna Brasiliens. Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna, 5: 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526509360388

Schuster R. 1965. Über die Morphologie und Verbreitung einiger in Mitteleuropa seltener Milben (Acari-Oribatei). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 95: 211-228.

Schuster R. 1966. Über den Beutefang des Ameisenkäfers *Cephennium austriacum* Reitter. Naturwissenschaften, 53: 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00601487

Schuster R., Schuster I. J. 1966. Über das Fortpflanzungsverhalten von Anystiden-Männchen (Acari, Trombidiformes). Naturwissenschaften, 53: 162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00591907

Schuster R. 1966. Hornmilben (Oribatei) als Bewohner des marinen Litorals. Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, Sonderband, 2: 319-328.

Schuster R. 1966. Scydmaeniden-Larven als Milbenräuber. Naturwissenschaften, 53: 439-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00654528

Schuster R., Schuster I. J. 1969. Gestielte Spermatophoren bei Labidostomiden (Acari, Trombidiformes). Naturwissenschaften, 56: 145. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00601049

Schuster R. 1969. Die terrestrische Milbenfauna Südamerikas in zoogeographischer Sicht. In: Fittkau E.J., Illies J., Klinge H., Schwabe G.H., Sioli H. (Eds.). Biogeography and Ecology in South America. Vol. 2. Junk, Den Haag, p. 741-763.

Schuster R. 1969. Faunistische Nachrichten aus Steiermark (XV/7): Bemerkenswerte Spinnen- und Milbenfunde (Arachnida: Araneae und Acari). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 99: 216-217.

Schuster R. 1969. Dr. phil. Erich Schulz, 1904-1969. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 25(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)99472-4

Schuster R., Schuster I.J. 1970. Indirekte Spermaübertragung bei Tydeidae (Acari, Trombidiformes). Naturwissenschaften, 57: 256. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01010292

Schuster R. 1971. Über die Verbreitung und Ökologie von *Aptilotus paradoxus* Mik (Diptera, Sphaero- ceridae). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 100: 299-300.

Schuster R. 1972. Spinnvermögen der Tydeiden (Milben). Naturwissenschaften, 59: 275. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00610212

Schuster R. 1972. Faunistische Nachrichten aus der Steiermark (XVII/12): Neue Spinnentier-Funde (Arachnida div.). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 102: 239-241.

Schuster R. 1973. Neue Funde des "Riesencollembolen" *Tetrodontophora bielanensis* in Österreich und Jugoslawien. Carinthia II, 163/83: 493-496.

Theis G., Schuster R. 1974. Gestielte Tröpfchenspermatophoren bei Calyptostomiden (Acari, Trombidiformes). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 104: 183-185.

Schuster R. 1975. Die Verbreitung des Zwergweberknechtes *Siro duricorius* (Joseph) in Kärnten (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi). Carinthia II, 165/85: 285-289.

Schulte G., Schuster R., Schubart H. 1975. Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Ameronothriden (Acari, Oribatei) in terrestrischen, limnischen und marinen Lebensräumen. Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, 15: 359-385.

Schuster R. 1976. Faunistische Nachrichten aus der Steiermark (XXI/3): Verbreitungsbild der bodenbewohnenden Fliege *Aptilotus paradoxus* Mik 1898 (Ins., Diptera, Sphaeroceridae). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 106: 225-228.

Schuster R. 1977. Die Selenoribatidae, eine thalassobionte Familie der Hornmilben (Oribatei). Acarologia, 19: 155-160.

Schuster R. 1977. Neue Vorkommen der flugunfähigen Fliege *Aptilotus paradoxus* Mik, 1898 (Diptera, Fam. Sphaeroceridae) in Kärnten und angrenzenden Gebieten. Carinthia II, 167/87: 343-349.

Schuster R., Schuster I.J. 1977. Ernährungs- und fortpflanzungsbiologische Studien an der Milbenfamilie Nanorchestidae (Acari, Trombidiformes). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 199: 89-94.

Schuster R., W. Hack 1977. Bemerkenswerte Funde der bodenbewohnenden Fliege *Aptilotus paradoxus* Mik (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) in Oberösterreich. Jahrbuch des Oberösterreichischen Musealvereines, 122: 201-206.

Schuster R., Kocher F. 1977. Beitrag zur Erforschung der Schildkrötenmilben-Fauna Steiermarks (Acari, Uropodina). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 107: 217-220.

Schuster R. 1978. Faunistische Nachrichten aus der Steiermark (XXIII/4): Zur Verbreitung der Tausendfüßer-Familie Eurypauropidae (Myr., Pauropoda). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 108: 289-292.

Mohrig W., Schuster R., Thaler K. 1978. Flügelreduzierte Trauermücken (Fam. Sciaridae, Diptera) der Bodenstreu aus Österreich. Carinthia II 168/88: 393-402.

Schuster R. 1979. Erich Reisinger (1900-1978) zum Gedenken. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 109: 5-7.

Schuster R. 1979. Erstmalige Funde der gebirgsbewohnenden Hornmilbengattung *Niphocepheus* Balogh in den mittleren und östlichen Zentralalpen (Acari, Oribatei). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 109: 323-325.

Schuster R. 1979. Soil Mites in the Marine Environment. Recent Advances in Acarology. Academic Press, Inc., I: 593-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-592201-2.50084-1
Schuster R. 1979. Erich Reisinger (8.6.1900-20.8.1978). Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1979: 317-318.

Schuster R. 1979. Acarology in Austria. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of Acarology 1974: 13-15.

Mahnert V., Schuster R. 1981. *Pachyolpium atlanticum* n. sp., ein Pseudoscorpion aus der Gezeitenzone der Bermudas - Morphologie und Ökologie (Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 88: 265-273. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82371

Schuster R. 1981. The air-breathing intertidal fauna of Bermuda. Proceedings of the Association of Island Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, 16: 21.

Fain A., Schuster R. 1983. New astigmatic mites from the coastal area of Bermuda Islands (Acari: Hyadesiidae, Saproglyphidae, Acaridae). Entomologische Mitteilungen des zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 7: 417-434.

Schuster R., Hasenhütl K. 1983. Die Spermatophore der Eurypauropodiden (Myriapoda, Pauropoda). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 211: 187-196.

Schuster R., Krisper G. 1983. Erstfunde der Hornmilbengattungen *Belorchestes* Grdj. und *Litholestes* Grdj. in Österreich (Acari, Oribatei). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 113: 153-157.

Turk R., Schuster R. 1983. Zur Morphologie und Verbreitung der prostigmaten Milbe *Erythraeus styriacus* Turk (Acari, Trombidiformes). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 113: 171-176.

Fain A., Schuster R. 1984. Four new species of the genus *Amhyadesia* Fain and Ganning, 1979 from the intertidal zone of several Indo-Pacific Islands (Acari: Hyadesiidae). International Journal of Acarology, 10: 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647958408683359

Fain A., Schuster R. 1984. Two new species of mites of the family Hyadesiidae (Acari, Astigmata) from Costa Rican and Brazilian coasts. Acarologia, 25: 271-279.

Schuster R., Moschitz E. 1984 - *Comaroma simoni* Bertkau, ein seltener Repräsentant der Spinnenfauna Oberösterreichs und der Steiermark (Arachnida, Araneae) - Jahrbuch des Oberösterreichischen Musealvereines, 129: 279-286.

Kaiser H., Schuster R. 1985. Überwinterung der Wespenspinne *Argiope bruennichi* (Scomu), in der Steiermark. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 115: 119-123.

Fain A., Schuster R. 1985. New observations on the Hyadesiidae (Acari, Astigmata), description of three new species of the genus *Hyadesia* Magnin, 1891. Acarologia, 26: 67-77.

Freisitzer K., Korherr E. J., Mittenecker E., Sauer H., Schilcher B., Schuster R., Schwarz F. F. 1985. Wissenschaft und Praxis - ein Kolloquium - In: Höflechner W., Freisitzer K., Holzer H.-L., Mantl W. (Eds.). Tradition und Herausforderung - 400 Jahre Universität Graz. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz. p. 516-554.

Fain A., Schuster R. 1986. First record of the mite family Hyadesiidae (Acari, Astigmata) from the Madeira Archipelago. Bocagiana, 99: 1-10.

Schuster R. 1986. Order Pseudoscorpiones (=Chelonethida) (False Scorpions). In: Sterrer W., Schoepfer-Sterrer Ch. (Eds.). Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & Sons, New York. p. 269-270.

Schuster R., Bartsch I. 1986. Order Acari (Mites and ticks). In: Sterrer W., Schoepfer-Sterrer Ch. (Eds.): Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & Sons, New York. p. 270-275.

Schuster R. 1986. Class Chilopoda (Centipedes). In: Sterrer W., Schoepfer-Sterrer Ch. (Eds.). Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & Sons, New York. p. 382.

Hughes I.W., Schuster R. 1986. Class Insecta (Insects). In: Sterrer W., Schoepfer-Sterrer Ch. (Eds.): Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & Sons, New York. p. 383-392.

Schuster R. 1986. Bodenbewohnende Milben (Acari) aus Niedersachsen und anderen Regionen Deutsch-lands (BRD). Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften, 2: 519-525.

Schuster R., Turk R. 1987. *Erythraeus ghilarovi* n. sp., a new soil mite from South America (Acari, Trombidiformes). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 3: 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00260573

Błaszak C., Ehrnsberger R., Schuster R. 1988. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Morphologie von *Macrocheles superbus* Hull, 1918 (Acarina: Gamasina). Osnabrücker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 14: 51-83.

Schuster R., Pötsch H. 1989. Another record of an active prelarva in mites. In: Channabassavanna G. P., Viraktamath C. A. (Eds). Progress in Acarology 7/1 (1988). p.261-265.

Schuster R. 1989. Transoceanic distribution of air-breathing littoral mites. In: Channabassavanna G. P., Viraktamath C. A. (Eds). Progress in Acarology 7/1 (1988). p. 355-362.

Fain A., Schuster R. 1989. Geographical distribution of the intertidal mite *Hyadesia (Hyadesia) fusca* (Lohmann, 1894) (Acari, Hyadesiidae). Bulletin et annales de la Société royale belge d'entomologie, 125: 293-295.

Błaszak C., Ehrnsberger R., Schuster R. 1989. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung und Umweltansprüche der küstenbewohnenden Milbe *Macrocheles superbus* Hull, 1918 (Acarina: Gamasina). Osnabrücker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 15: 177-186.

Błaszak C., Ehrnsberger R., Schuster R. 1990. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise der Litoralmilbe *Macrocheles superbus* Hull, 1918 (Acarina: Gamasina). Osnabrücker naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 16: 51-62.

Schuster R. 1992. Neue Apterygoten-Funde von landesfaunistischer Bedeutung (Insecta: Collembola, Diplura). Beiblätter zu den Mitteilungen der Abteilung Zoologie des Landesmuseum Joanneum, 7: 1-4.

Schuster R. 1992. Analyse eines sekundären Hartbodens: Kalkalgen-Trottoir. In: Emscher-Mann P., Hoffrichter O., Körner H., Zissler D. (Eds.). Meeresbiologische Exkursion. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena. p. 62-64.
Schuster R. 1993. Herbert Heran, *25.09.1920, 09.08.1992. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 86(2): 229-230.

Schuster R. 1996. Faunistische Studien an Bodenmilben der Steiermark (Arachnida, Acari). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 126: 163-167.

Schuster R. 1996. Erich Kreissl (1927-1995). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 126: 9.

Schuster R. 1997. Type material of soil mite species described in the period 1957-1965. EURAAC News Letter 9(2-3): 4-8.

Schuster R. 1997. Landeskundlich bedeutsame Milbenfunde in Kärnten und Osttirol (Arachnida, Acari). Carinthia II, 187/107: 465-470.

Schuster R. 1997. Erstnachweise einiger bodenbewohnender Hornmilben-Arten für das Bundesland Oberösterreich (Acari, Oribatida). Beiträge zur Naturkunde Oberösterreichs, 5: 135-138.

Krisper G., Schuster R. 2001. Umweltansprüche und Verbreitung der Hornmilbe *Provertex kühnelti* Mihelcic, 1959 (Acari, Oribatida) in Österreich. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 131: 140-146.

Raspotnig G., Schuster R., Krisper G., Fauler G., Leis H.-J. 2001. Chemistry of the oil gland secretion of *Collohmannia gigantea* (Acari: Oribatida). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 25: 933-946.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020634215709

Raspotnig G., Schuster R., Krisper G. 2003. Functional anatomy of oil glands in *Collohmannia gigantea* (Acari, Oribatida). Zoomorphology, 122: 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-003-0075-2

Raspotnig G., Schuster R., Krisper G. 2004. Citral in oil gland secretions of Oribatida (Acari): A key component for phylogenetic analyses. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz, 76(1): 43-50.

Raspotnig G., Krisper G., Schuster R. 2004. Duftstoffproduktion bei Hornmilben (Acari, Oribatida). Entomologica Austriaca, 10: 11-18.

Raspotnig G., Krisper G., Schuster R. 2004. Oil gland chemistry of *Trhypochthonius tectorum* (Acari: Ori-batida) with reference to the phylogenetic significance of secretion profiles in the Trhypochthoniidae. International Journal of Acarology, 30(4): 369-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950408684407

Alberti G., Schuster R. 2005. Behavioural and ultrastrucultural peculiarities of reproduction in *Collohmannia gigantea* (Oribatida: Mixonomata). In: Weigmann G., Alberti, G., Wohltmann, A., Ragusa, S. (Eds.). Acarine Biodiversity in the Natural and Human Sphere. (Proc. Vth Symposium of EURAAC, 2004, Berlin). Phytophaga (Palermo) 14 (2004). p. 129-140.

Schaller F., Löffler H., Schuster R., Führer E., Nopp H., Pohlhammer K., Sänger K.P., Darnhofer B., Waitzbauer W., Spitzer G. 2005. Wilhelm KÜHNELT (1905-1988), Wissenschaftler und Lehrer. Zum Gedenken an den 100. Geburtstag, zusammengestellt von seinen ehemaligen Assistenten. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen-Gesellschaft Österreich, 142: 87-91.

Raspotnig G., Krisper G., Schuster R. 2005. Ontogenetic changes in the chemistry and morphology of oil glands in *Hermannia convexa* (Acari: Oribatida). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 35: 47-58.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-004-2027-z

Raspotnig G., Krisper G., Schuster R., Fauler G., Leis H.-J. 2005. Volatile exudates from the oribatid mite *Platynothrus peltifer*. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31(2): 419-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-1350-0

Pfingstl T., Krisper G., Schuster R. 2005. Morphological analysis of the nymphal stages of *Collohmannia gigantea* Sellnick (Acari: Oribatida, Collohmanniidae). International Journal of Acarology, 31(4): 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647950508683677

Gutjahr M., Schuster R., Alberti G. 2005. Ultrastructure of dermal and defence glands in *Cyphophthalmus duricorius* Joseph, 1868 (Opiliones: Sironidae). In: Deltshev C., Stoev P. (Eds.). European Arachnology, 2005. Acta zoologica bulgarica, Suppl. No. 1, p. 41-48.

Raspotnig G., Schuster R., Krisper G. 2007. A complex system for chemical communication in an oribatid mite (Oribatida, Collohmanniidae). In: Morales-Malacara J.B., Behan-Pelletier V., Ueckermann E., Perez T.M., Estrada-Venegas E.G., Badii M. (Eds.). Acaralogy XI: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Acaralogy. Merida, Mexico, 2002. p. 185-191.

Krisper G., Schuster R. 2008. *Fortuynia atlantica* sp. nov., a thalassobiontic oribatid mite from the rocky coast of the Bermuda Islands (Acari: Oribatida: Fortuyniidae). Annales Zoologici, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 58 (2): 419-432. https://doi.org/10.3161/000345408X326753

Schatz H., Schuster R. 2009. Oribatida (Hornmilben). In: Rabitsch W., Essl F. (Eds.). Endemiten - Kostbarkeiten in Österreichs Pflanzen- und Tierwelt. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten und Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Klagenfurt und Wien. p. 464-475.

Raspotnig G., Gruber J., Komposch Ch., Schuster R., Föttinger P., Schwab J., Karaman I.M. 2011. Wie viele Arten von Milbenkankern (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) gibt es in Österreich? Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 41: 34-38. https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit4105

Pfingstl T., Schuster R. 2012. *Carinozetes* nov. gen. (Acari: Oribatida) from Bermuda and remarks on the present status of the Family Selenoribatidae. Acarologia, 52: 377-409. https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20122067

Pfingstl T., Schuster R. 2012. First record of the littoral genus *Alismobates* (Acari: Oribatida) from the Atlantic Ocean, with a redefinition of the family Fortuyniidae based on adult and juvenile morphology. Zootaxa, 3301: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3301.1.1

Schatz H., Schuster R. 2012. First Records of Lohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatida) from the Bermuda Islands. Acarologia, 52: 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20122064

Pfingstl T., Schuster R. 2014. Global distribution of the thalassobiontic Fortuyniidae and Selenoribatidae (Acari, Oribatida). Soil Organisms, 86: 125-130.
Krisper G., Schuster R. 2016. Erstnachweise bodenbewohnender und arboricoler Milbenarten in österreichischen Bundesländern (Acari: Oribatida s. str.). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 145: 69-74.

Schuster R. 2016. In Memoriam Peter (“Otto”) Horak (1953-2015). Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Steiermark, 145: 7-8.

Krisper G., Schatz H., Schuster R. 2017. Oribatida (Arachnida: Acari) - Checklisten der Fauna Österreichs No. 9. Biosystematics and Ecology Series, 33: 25-90. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdjrr69.5

## Book editions

Schuster R., Murphy W.P. 1991. The Acari – Reproduction, Development and Life-History Strategies. Chapman & Hall, London. 554 pp.

Schuster, R. 2004-2017. Checklisten der Fauna Österreichs no. 1–9. Biosystematics and Ecology Series, Austrian Academy of Sciences.