*/think>

T₆

<think>

I am analyzing the sentence's syntactic structure in the source language, and I see that "Agdistis was a Phrygian deity known for his extraordinary powers" is in the passive voice, with "Agdistis" as the subject, "was" as the linking verb, and "a Phrygian deity known for his extraordinary powers" as the predicate nominative.

I am determining the most appropriate syntactic structure in the target language, and I think I can maintain a similar structure in Xhosa, but I need to consider the language's own grammatical rules and word order.

I am adjusting the word order and grammatical structure in the target language to match the sentence's meaning, while maintaining clarity, and I note that Xhosa typically uses an SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) word order.

I am translating the sentence, ensuring that subject-verb-object relationships and other syntactic elements align with target language norms, and I start with "Agdistis" as the subject, which becomes "Agdistis" in Xhosa.

I am translating the linking verb "was" and consider using the Xhosa equivalent "yayingum" (a form of "to be").

I am translating the predicate nominative "a Phrygian deity" and consider using "umthandazeli wamaPhrygia" (a Xhosa phrase for "a Phrygian deity").

I am translating the phrase "known for his extraordinary powers" and consider using "owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga" (a Xhosa phrase that maintains the same meaning).

I am checking the sentence's grammar and overall flow in the target language, and I have "Agdistis yayingumthandazeli wamaPhrygia owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga".

I am refining the structure by adjusting word choice or reordering components to ensure the sentence feels natural and fluid in Xhosa, and I think "Agdistis yayingumthandazeli wamaPhrygia owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga" meets these criteria.

I am confirming that the translation accurately conveys the original meaning and is clear and fluid in the target language, and I am satisfied with the result.

*/think>

For MT prompting strategies, we first prompt the teacher with the source sentence to generate all intermediate steps required by each strategy. We then concatenate these steps into a single training sample while keeping the original ground-truth target unchanged. Below, we provide example training samples for the five strategies used in this work.

SBYS

<think>

During the research phase, I have identified the following potential translation challenge:

* Idiomatic Expressions:
There are no apparent idiomatic expressions in the given context text: "Agdistis was a Phrygian deity known for his extraordinary powers." However, the phrase "extraordinary powers" may pose a challenge as it is an idiomatic expression that may not have a direct equivalent in Xhosa.

In English, "extraordinary powers" is an idiomatic expression used to describe exceptional or supernatural abilities. To translate this phrase into Xhosa, I may need to use a more literal translation or find an equivalent Xhosa expression that conveys the same meaning.

Additionally, I have noted that:

* "Phrygian" refers to an ancient region in Asia Minor, and the term may not be well-known in Xhosa culture. This may require some explanatory notes or a more detailed translation to convey the cultural and historical context.

No other idiomatic expressions or potential translation challenges were identified in the given context text.

Please let me know if I should proceed with the next stage of the translation process.

UAgdistis waye uThixo wasePhrygia owaziwa ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

Here's a brief explanation of my translation choices:

* "Agdistis" is left untranslated as it is a proper noun and a name of a deity.

* "was a" is translated to "waye u" which is a Xhosa copular phrase used to describe a person's identity or status.

* "Phrygian" is translated to "wasePhrygia" which indicates the region or origin of the deity.

* "deity" is not directly translated, but implied in the context of "UThixo" which means "God" or "deity".

* "known for" is translated to "owaziwa ngamandla" which means "known for his powers".

* "extraordinary powers" is translated to "angaqhelekanga" which is an adverb that means "unusual", "exceptional" or "remarkable", and "amandla" which means "powers".

Please let me know if I should proceed with the next stage of the translation process.

Now let's move to the next stage: Post-editing with local refinement. In this stage, the primary aim is to refine the draft translation by making micro-level improvements that improve the draft's fluency.

Here is a refined version of the translation

UAgdistis waye uThixo wasePhrygia owaziwa ngamandla akhe ayengavamile.

Now, we will proofread the refined text for grammar spelling, punctuation, terminology and overall fluency.

Here is the translation after proofreading

After proofreading the refined translation, I suggest the following final, polished translation:

We will further improve it to obtain the final, polished translation.

</think>

Final Translation

Agdistis yayingumthandazeli wamaPhrygia owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.
## MAPS

### <think>

Here is a draft translation

1. UAgdistis waye uhlambe wasePhrygia owaziwa ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

Let's write an English sentence related to but different from the input English sentence and translate it into Xhosa

The cult of Agdistis, a Phrygian deity, was centered there, and the site was probably a major religious center. Isikhululo sika Agdistis, isithixo sasePhrygian, sasigxile apho, yaye indawo yayo yayisikhungo esikhulu senkonzo yezokholo.

Given this knowledge, we can draft another translation

2. Agdistis wayesithixo sasePhrygian esaziwa ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

Let's extract the keywords in the provided English sentence, and then translate these keywords into Xhosa

* Agdistis=Agdistis

* Phrygian=Frigiya

* deity=ility

* extraordinary=angakhethekileyo

* powers=amandla

Given this knowledge, we can draft another translation

3. UAgdistis wayesithixo saseFrigiya esaziwa ngamandla akhe angakhethekileyo.

Let's use a few words to describe the topics of the provided English sentence

Mythology, ancient deity

Given this knowledge, we can draft another translation

4. Agdistis wayeyona dea yasePhrygian eyaziwa ngamandla ayo angaqhelekanga.

We will choose the best of these translations and further improve it to obtain the final, polished translation.

### </think>

Final Translation

Agdistis yayingumthandazeli wamaPhrygia owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

## TEaR

### <think>

Here is a draft translation

1. Agdistis wayesithixo sasePhrygia esaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

Let's identify errors and assess the quality of the draft translation.
The categories of errors are accuracy (addition, mistranslation, omission, untranslated text), fluency (character encoding, grammar, inconsistency, punctuation, register, spelling), locale convention (currency, date, name, telephone, or time format) style (awkward), terminology (inappropriate for context, inconsistent use), non-translation, other, or no-error.

Each error is classified as one of three categories: critical, major, and minor. Critical errors inhibit comprehension of the text. Major errors disrupt the flow, but what the text is trying to say is still understandable. Minor errors are technical errors but do not disrupt the flow or hinder comprehension.

Here are the MQM annotations of the draft:

critical: no-error

major: no-error

minor: no-error

Upon reviewing the translation and error information, we can refine the draft and obtain a better translation.

2. Agdistis wayesithixo sasePhrygia esaziwayo ngamandla akhe angavamile.

We will further improve it to obtain the final, polished translation.
</think>

Final Translation

Agdistis yayingumthandazeli wamaPhrygia owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

## Self-Refine

<think>

Here is a draft translation

1. UAgdistis waye uhlambe wasePhrygia owaziwa ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

Let's improve it and write a better translation

2. UAgdistis waye uhlambe wasePhrygia owaziwa ngamandla akhe amakhulu.

Let's further improve it and write a better translation

3. UAgdistis waye uhlambe wasePhrygia owaziwa ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

Let's improve it one last time and write a better translation

4. UAgdistis waye uhlambe wasePhrygia owaziwa ngamandla akhe amakhulu.

We will choose the best of these translations and further improve it to obtain the final, polished translation.

</think>

Final Translation

Agdistis yayingumthandazeli wamaPhrygia owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.

## CompTra

<Demonstrations>

1. English sentence

Agdistis was a Phrygian deity.

Xhosa translation
UAgdistis wayesithixo sasePhrygia.

2. English sentence

Agdistis was known for his extraordinary powers.

Xhosa translation

Agdistis waziwa ngamalawulo akhe angaqhelekanga.

</Demonstrations>

Final Translation

Agdistis yayingumthandazeli wamaPhrygia owaziwayo ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga.