Bhalla P, Holtz F, Linnen RL, Behrens H. 2005. Solubility of cassiterite in evolved granitic melts: effect of T, fO₂, and additional volatiles. *Lithos* 80: 387-400.

Bonzi WME, Vanderhaeghe O, Van Lichtervelde M, et al. 2021. Petrogenetic links between rare metal-bearing pegmatites and TTG gneisses in the West African Craton: the Mangodara district of SW Burkina Faso. *Precambrian Res* 364.

Carnicero MA. 1982. Estudio del metamorfismo existente en torno al granito de Lumbrales (Salamanca). *Stud Geolóġica Salmant* 17: 7-20.

Carr PA, Moreira E, Neymark L, Norman MD, Mercadier J. 2023. A LA-ICP-MS comparison of reference materials used in cassiterite U-Pb geochronology. *Geostand Geoanalytical Res* 47: 67-87.

Carr PA, Zink S, Bennett VC, Norman MD, Amelin Y, Blevin PL. 2020. A new method for U-Pb geochronology of cassiterite by ID-TIMS applied to the mole granite polymetallic system, eastern Australia. *Chem Geol* 539: 119539.

Černý P. 1989. Contrasting geochemistry of two pegmatite fields in Manitoba: products of juvenile aphebian crust and polycyclic archean evolution. *Precambrian Res* 45: 215-234.

Černý P. 1991. Rare-element granitic pegmatites. Part II: regional to global environments and petrogenesis. *Geosci Canada* 18: 68-81.

Černý P. 1992. Geochemical and petrogenetic features of mineralization in rare-element granitic pegmatites in the light of current research. *Appl Geochemistry* 7: 393-416.

Černý P, Ercit TS. 1985. Some recent advances in the mineralogy and geochemistry of Nb and Ta in rare-element granitic pegmatites. *Bull Minéralogie* 108: 499-532.

Černý P, Ercit TS. 2005. The classification of granitic pegmatites revisited. *Can Mineral* 43: 2005-2026.

Černý P, Meintzer RE, Anderson AJ. 1985. Extreme fractionation in rare-element granitic pegmatites; selected examples of data and mechanisms. *Can Mineral* 23: 381-421.

Chantraine J, Autran J, Cavelier C. 2003. Carte géologique de la France à 1/1 000 000, 6ème édition révisée. BRGM.

Chauvet A, Volland-Tuduri N, Lerouge C, et al. 2012. Geochronological and geochemical characterization of magmatic-hydrothermal events within the Southern Variscan external domain (Cévennes area, France). *Int J Earth Sci* 101: 69-86.

Cheilletz A, Archibald DA, Cuney M, Charoy B. 1992. Ages $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar du leucogranite à topaze-lépidolite de Beauvoir et des pegmatites sodolithiques de Chédeville (Nord du Massif Central, France). Signification pétrologique et géodynamique. *Comptes Rendus l'Académie des Sci Série 2, Mécanique, Phys Chim Sci. l'univers, Sci la Terre* 315: 329-336.

Cherniak DJ, Lanford WA, Ryerson FJ. 1991. Lead diffusion in apatite and zircon using ion implantation and Rutherford Backscattering techniques. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 55: 1663-1673.

Cuney M, Marignac C, Weisbrod A. 1992. The beauvoir topaz-lepidolite albite granite (Massif Central, France); the disseminated magmatic Sn-Li-Ta-Nb-Be mineralization. *Econ Geol* 87: 1766-1794.

Cuney M, Alexandrov P, Le Carlier de Veslud C, et al. 2002. The timing of W-Sn-rare metals mineral deposit formation in the Western Variscan chain in their orogenic setting: the case of the Limousin area (Massif Central, France). *Geol Soc London, Spec Publ* 204: 213-228.

Dallmeyer RD, Garcia EM. 2012. Pre-mesozoic geology of Iberia.

Dallmeyer RD, Martínez Catalán JR, Arenas R, et al. 1997. Diachronous Variscan tectonothermal activity in the NW Iberian Massif: evidence from $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar dating of regional fabrics. *Tectonophysics* 277: 307-337.

da Silva AF, dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Ribeiro L. 1991a. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15A. Vila Nova de Foz Cöa. Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.

da Silva AF, dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Cabral J, Ribeiro L. 1991b. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15B. Freixo de Espada à Cinta. Serviços geológicos de Portugal.

Demartis M, Pinotti LP, Coniglio JE, et al. 2011. Ascent and emplacement of pegmatitic melts in a major reverse shear zone (Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina). *J Struct Geol* 33: 1334-1346.

Deveaud S, Gumiaux C, Gloaguen E, Branquet Y. 2013. Spatial statistical analysis applied to rare-element LCT-type pegmatite felds: an original approach to constrain faults-pegmatites-granites relationships. *J Geosci* 58: 163-182.

Deveaud S, Millot R, Villaros A. 2015. The genesis of LCT-type granitic pegmatites, as illustrated by lithium isotopes in micas. *Chem Geol* 411: 97-111.

Dewaele S, Henjes-Kunst F, Melcher F, et al. 2011. Late Neo-proterozoic overprinting of the cassiterite and columbite-tantalite bearing pegmatites of the Gatumba area, Rwanda (Central Africa). *J African Earth Sci* 61: 10-26.

Dias da Silva ÍF. 2013. Geología de las zonas Centro Ibérica y Galicia-Trás-os-Montes en la parte oriental del Complejo de Morais, Portugal/España. PhD thesis. Universidad de Salamanca.

Dias da Silva Í, Gómez-Barreiro J, Martínez Catalán JR., Ayarza P, Pohl J, Martínez E. 2017. Structural and microstructural analysis of the Retortillo Syncline (Variscan belt, Central Iberia). Implications for the Central Iberian Orocline. *Tectonophysics* 717: 99-115.

Díez Fernández R, Pereira MF. 2016. Extensional orogenic collapse captured by strike-slip tectonics: Constraints from structural geology and U-Pb geochronology of the Pinhel shear zone (Variscan orogen, Iberian Massif). *Tectonophysics* 691: 290-310.

Díez Fernández R, Pereira MF. 2017. Strike-slip shear zones of the Iberian Massif: are they coeval? *Lithosphere* 9: 726-744.

Díez Montes A, Escuder J, Carrasco RM, Rodríguez Fernández LR. 1991. Mapa Geológico de España. Escala 1:50.000. Vilvestre 448-449.

Errandonea-Martin J, Garate-Olave I, Roda-Robles E, et al. 2022. Metasomatic effect of Li-bearing aplite-pegmatites on psammitic and pelitic metasediments: geochemical constraints on critical raw material exploration at the Fregeneda-Almendra Pegmatite Field (Spain and Portugal). *Ore Geol Rev* 150: 105155.

Ferreira da Silva A., dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Cabral J, Ribeiro L. 1990a. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15B. Freixo de Espada à Cinta.

Ferreira da Silva A, dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Ribeiro L. 1990b. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15A. Vila Nova de Foz Cöa.

Ferreira da Silva A, Luisa Ribeiro M. 1994. Notícia explicativa da folha 15B. Freixo de Espada à Cinta-da carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000.

Ferreira JA, Bento dos Santos T, Pereira I, Mata J. 2019. Tectonically assisted exhumation and cooling of Variscan granites in an anatectic complex of the Central Iberian Zone, Portugal: constraints from LA-ICP-MS zircon and apatite U-Pb ages. *Int J Earth Sci* 108: 2153-2175.

Ferreira JA, Mata J, Bento dos Santos T, Pereira I. 2020. The role of melting on the geochemical evolution and isotopic variability of an anatectic complex in the Iberian Variscides. *Lithos* 378-379: 105769.

Ferreira JA, Pereira I, dos Santos T, Mata J. 2022. U-Pb age constraints on the protolith, cooling and exhumation of a Variscan middle crust migmatite complex from the Central Iberian Zone: insights into the Variscan metamorphic evolution and Ediacaran palaeogeographic implications. *J Geol Soc London* 179: 2021-072.

Fiege A, Simon A, Linsler SA, Bartels A, Linnen RL. 2018. Experimental constraints on the effect of phosphorous and boron on Nb and Ta ore formation. *Ore Geol Rev* 94: 383-395.
Bhalla P, Holtz F, Linnen RL, Behrens H. 2005. Solubility of cassiterite in evolved granitic melts: effect of T, fO₂, and additional volatiles. *Lithos* 80: 387-400.

Bonzi WME, Vanderhaeghe O, Van Lichtervelde M, et al. 2021. Petrogenetic links between rare metal-bearing pegmatites and TTG gneisses in the West African Craton: the Mangodara district of SW Burkina Faso. *Precambrian Res* 364.

Carnicero MA. 1982. Estudio del metamorfismo existente en torno al granito de Lumbrales (Salamanca). *Stud Geolóγica Salmant* 17: 7-20.

Carr PA, Moreira E, Neymark L, Norman MD, Mercadier J. 2023. A LA-ICP-MS comparison of reference materials used in cassiterite U-Pb geochronology. *Geostand Geoanalytical Res* 47: 67-87.

Carr PA, Zink S, Bennett VC, Norman MD, Amelin Y, Blevin PL. 2020. A new method for U-Pb geochronology of cassiterite by ID-TIMS applied to the mole granite polymetallic system, eastern Australia. *Chem Geol* 539: 119539.

Černý P. 1989. Contrasting geochemistry of two pegmatite fields in Manitoba: products of juvenile aphebian crust and polycyclic archean evolution. *Precambrian Res* 45: 215-234.

Černý P. 1991. Rare-element granitic pegmatites. Part II: regional to global environments and petrogenesis. *Geosci Canada* 18: 68-81.

Černý P. 1992. Geochemical and petrogenetic features of mineralization in rare-element granitic pegmatites in the light of current research. *Appl Geochemistry* 7: 393-416.

Černý P, Ercit TS. 1985. Some recent advances in the mineralogy and geochemistry of Nb and Ta in rare-element granitic pegmatites. *Bull Minéralogie* 108: 499-532.

Černý P, Ercit TS. 2005. The classification of granitic pegmatites revisited. *Can Mineral* 43: 2005-2026.

Černý P, Meintzer RE, Anderson AJ. 1985. Extreme fractionation in rare-element granitic pegmatites; selected examples of data and mechanisms. *Can Mineral* 23: 381-421.

Chantraine J, Autran J, Cavelier C. 2003. Carte géologique de la France à 1/1 000 000, 6ème édition révisée. BRGM.

Chauvet A, Volland-Tuduri N, Lerouge C, et al. 2012. Geochronological and geochemical characterization of magmatic-hydrothermal events within the Southern Variscan external domain (Cévennes area, France). *Int J Earth Sci* 101: 69-86.

Cheilletz A, Archibald DA, Cuney M, Charoy B. 1992. Ages $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar du leucogranite à topaze-lépidolite de Beauvoir et des pegmatites sodolithiques de Chédeville (Nord du Massif Central, France). Signification pétrologique et géodynamique. *Comptes Rendus l'Académie des Sci Série 2, Mécanique, Phys Chim Sci. l'univers, Sci la Terre* 315: 329-336.

Cherniak DJ, Lanford WA, Ryerson FJ. 1991. Lead diffusion in apatite and zircon using ion implantation and Rutherford Backscattering techniques. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 55: 1663-1673.

Cuney M, Marignac C, Weisbrod A. 1992. The beauvoir topaz-lepidolite albite granite (Massif Central, France); the disseminated magmatic Sn-Li-Ta-Nb-Be mineralization. *Econ Geol* 87: 1766-1794.

Cuney M, Alexandrov P, Le Carlier de Veslud C, et al. 2002. The timing of W-Sn-rare metals mineral deposit formation in the Western Variscan chain in their orogenic setting: the case of the Limousin area (Massif Central, France). *Geol Soc London, Spec Publ* 204: 213-228.

Dallmeyer RD, Garcia EM. 2012. Pre-mesozoic geology of Iberia.

Dallmeyer RD, Martínez Catalán JR, Arenas R, et al. 1997. Diachronous Variscan tectonothermal activity in the NW Iberian Massif: evidence from $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar dating of regional fabrics. *Tectonophysics* 277: 307-337.

da Silva AF, dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Ribeiro L. 1991a. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15A. Vila Nova de Foz Cöa. Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.

da Silva AF, dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Cabral J, Ribeiro L. 1991b. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15B. Freixo de Espada à Cinta. Serviços geológicos de Portugal.

Demartis M, Pinotti LP, Coniglio JE, et al. 2011. Ascent and emplacement of pegmatitic melts in a major reverse shear zone (Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina). *J Struct Geol* 33: 1334-1346.

Deveaud S, Gumiaux C, Gloaguen E, Branquet Y. 2013. Spatial statistical analysis applied to rare-element LCT-type pegmatite felds: an original approach to constrain faults-pegmatites-granites relationships. *J Geosci* 58: 163-182.

Deveaud S, Millot R, Villaros A. 2015. The genesis of LCT-type granitic pegmatites, as illustrated by lithium isotopes in micas. *Chem Geol* 411: 97-111.

Dewaele S, Henjes-Kunst F, Melcher F, et al. 2011. Late Neo-proterozoic overprinting of the cassiterite and columbite-tantalite bearing pegmatites of the Gatumba area, Rwanda (Central Africa). *J African Earth Sci* 61: 10-26.

Dias da Silva ÍF. 2013. Geología de las zonas Centro Ibérica y Galicia-Trás-os-Montes en la parte oriental del Complejo de Morais, Portugal/España. PhD thesis. Universidad de Salamanca.

Dias da Silva Í, Gómez-Barreiro J, Martínez Catalán JR., Ayarza P, Pohl J, Martínez E. 2017. Structural and microstructural analysis of the Retortillo Syncline (Variscan belt, Central Iberia). Implications for the Central Iberian Orocline. *Tectonophysics* 717: 99-115.

Díez Fernández R, Pereira MF. 2016. Extensional orogenic collapse captured by strike-slip tectonics: Constraints from structural geology and U-Pb geochronology of the Pinhel shear zone (Variscan orogen, Iberian Massif). *Tectonophysics* 691: 290-310.

Díez Fernández R, Pereira MF. 2017. Strike-slip shear zones of the Iberian Massif: are they coeval? *Lithosphere* 9: 726-744.

Díez Montes A, Escuder J, Carrasco RM, Rodríguez Fernández LR. 1991. Mapa Geológico de España. Escala 1:50.000. Vilvestre 448-449.

Errandonea-Martin J, Garate-Olave I, Roda-Robles E, et al. 2022. Metasomatic effect of Li-bearing aplite-pegmatites on psammitic and pelitic metasediments: geochemical constraints on critical raw material exploration at the Fregeneda-Almendra Pegmatite Field (Spain and Portugal). *Ore Geol Rev* 150: 105155.

Ferreira da Silva A., dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Cabral J, Ribeiro L. 1990a. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15B. Freixo de Espada à Cinta.

Ferreira da Silva A, dos Santos AJ, Ribeiro A, Ribeiro L. 1990b. Carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000. Folha 15A. Vila Nova de Foz Cöa.

Ferreira da Silva A, Luisa Ribeiro M. 1994. Notícia explicativa da folha 15B. Freixo de Espada à Cinta-da carta Geológica de Portugal na escala 1:50.000.

Ferreira JA, Bento dos Santos T, Pereira I, Mata J. 2019. Tectonically assisted exhumation and cooling of Variscan granites in an anatectic complex of the Central Iberian Zone, Portugal: constraints from LA-ICP-MS zircon and apatite U-Pb ages. *Int J Earth Sci* 108: 2153-2175.

Ferreira JA, Mata J, Bento dos Santos T, Pereira I. 2020. The role of melting on the geochemical evolution and isotopic variability of an anatectic complex in the Iberian Variscides. *Lithos* 378-379: 105769.

Ferreira JA, Pereira I, dos Santos T, Mata J. 2022. U-Pb age constraints on the protolith, cooling and exhumation of a Variscan middle crust migmatite complex from the Central Iberian Zone: insights into the Variscan metamorphic evolution and Ediacaran palaeogeographic implications. *J Geol Soc London* 179: 2021-072.

Fiege A, Simon A, Linsler SA, Bartels A, Linnen RL. 2018. Experimental constraints on the effect of phosphorous and boron on Nb and Ta ore formation. *Ore Geol Rev* 94: 383-395.
Fosso Tchunte P, Tchameni R, André-Mayer AS et al. 2018. Evidence for Nb-Ta occurrences in the syn-tectonic Pan-African Mayo Salah leucogranite (northern Cameroon): constraints from Nb-Ta oxide mineralogy, geochemistry and U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology on columbite and monazite. *Minerals* 8: 188.

Gagny C, Jacquot T. 1987. Contribution de la pétrologie structurale à la connaissance des conditions de mise en place et de structuration complexe du granite des Colettes (Massif d'Echassières, Massif central français). *Géologie la Fr.* 2-3: 47-56.

Garate-Olave I, Roda-Robles E, Gil-Crespo PP, Pesquera A, Errandonea-Martin J. 2020. The tres arroyos granitic aplite-pegmatite field (Central Iberian Zone, Spain): Petrogenetic constraints from evolution of Nb-Ta-Sn oxides, whole-rock geochemistry and U-Pb geochronology. *Minerals* 10: 1-26.

García-Arias M, Díez-Montes A, Villaseca C, Blanco-Quintero IF. 2018. The Cambro-Ordovician Ollo de Sapo magmatism in the Iberian Massif and its Variscan evolution: a review. *Earth-Sci. Rev.* 176: 345-372.

Gourcerol B, Gloaguen E, Melleton J, Tuduri J, Galiegue X. 2019. Re-assessing the European lithium resource potential – A review of hard-rock resources and metallogeny. *Ore Geol Rev* 109: 494–519.

Gutiérrez-Alonso G, Fernández-Suárez J, Jeffries TE, et al. 2011. Diachronous post-orogenic magmatism within a developing orocline in Iberia, European Variscides. *Tectonics* 30: T C5008.

Gutiérrez-Alonso G, Fernández-Suárez J, López-Carmona A, Gärtner A. 2018. Exhuming a cold case: the early granodiorites of the northwest Iberian Variscan belt-A Visean magmatic flare-up? *Litosphere* 10: 194–216.

Hao-Yu W, Yong T, Hui Z, Zheng-Hang L, Yu-Sheng X. 2023. The geochronology of the rare metal pegmatite deposits: A case study in Nanping No. 31 pegmatite vein in northeastern Cathaysian block, China. *Ore Geol Rev* 153: 105280.

Harrison TM, Célérier J, Aikman AB, Hermann J, Heizler MT. 2009. Diffusion of $^{40}$Ar in muscovite. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 73: 1039-1051.

Horstwood MSA, Košler J, Gehrels G, et al. 2016. Community-derived standards for LA-ICP-MS U-(Th-)Pb geochronology – uncertainty propagation, age interpretation and data reporting. *Geostand Geoanalytical Res* 40: 311-332.

Hulsbosch N, Hertogen J, Dewaele S, André L, Muchez P. 2014. Alkali metal and rare earth element evolution of rock-forming minerals from the Gatumba area pegmatites (Rwanda): Quantitative assessment of crystal-melt fractionation in the regional zonation of pegmatite groups. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 132: 349-374.

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Konzett J, Hauzenberger C, Ludwig T, Stalder R. 2018a. Anatectic granitic pegmatites from the Eastern Alps: A case of variable rare metal enrichment during high-grade regional metamorphism. II: Pegmatite staurolite as an indicator of anatectic pegmatite parent melt formation – a field and experimental study. *Can Mineral* 56: 603–624.

Konzett J, Schneider T, Nedyalkova L, et al. 2018b. Anatectic granitic pegmatites from the Eastern Alps: A case of variable rare-metal enrichment during high-grade regional metamorphism – I: Mineral assemblages, geochemical characteristics, and emplacement ages. *Can Mineral* 56: 555–602.

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Linnen RL, Van Lichtervelde M, Černý P. 2012. Granitic pegmatites as sources of strategic metals. *Elements* 8: 275-280.

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London D, Morgan VIGB, Wolf MB. 2001. Amblygonite-montebrasite solid solutions as monitors of fluorine in evolved granitic and pegmatitic melts. *Am Mineral* 86: 225-233.

López Plaza M, Carnicero Gómez A, Gonzalo Corral JC, et al. 1982. Estudio geológico del campo filoniano de La Fregeneda (Salamanca). *Stud Geol Salmant* 17: 89-98.

Marcoux E, Barré B, Pichavant M, Poujol M. 2021. Âge et genèse de la coupole granitique à métaux rares (Sn, Li, Nb-Ta, W) de Montebras (Creuse, Massif central français). *BSGF-Earth Sci Bull* 192: 16.

Martínez Catalán JR., Rubio Pascual FJ, Díez Montes A, et al. 2014. The late Variscan HT/LP metamorphic event in NW and Central Iberia: relationships to crustal thickening, extension, orocline development and crustal evolution. *Geol Soc London, Spec Publ* 405: 225-247.

Martínez Catalán JR., Schulmann K, Ghienne JF. 2021. The Mid-Variscan Allochthon: Keys from correlation, partial retrodeformation and plate-tectonic reconstruction to unlock the geometry of a non-cylindrical belt. *Earth-Sci. Rev.* 220: 103700
Fosso Tchunte P, Tchameni R, André-Mayer AS et al. 2018. Evidence for Nb-Ta occurrences in the syn-tectonic Pan-African Mayo Salah leucogranite (northern Cameroon): constraints from Nb-Ta oxide mineralogy, geochemistry and U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology on columbite and monazite. *Minerals* 8: 188.

Gagny C, Jacquot T. 1987. Contribution de la pétrologie structurale à la connaissance des conditions de mise en place et de structuration complexe du granite des Colettes (Massif d'Echassières, Massif central français). *Géologie la Fr.* 2-3: 47-56.

Garate-Olave I, Roda-Robles E, Gil-Crespo PP, Pesquera A, Errandonea-Martin J. 2020. The tres arroyos granitic aplite-pegmatite field (Central Iberian Zone, Spain): Petrogenetic constraints from evolution of Nb-Ta-Sn oxides, whole-rock geochemistry and U-Pb geochronology. *Minerals* 10: 1-26.

García-Arias M, Díez-Montes A, Villaseca C, Blanco-Quintero IF. 2018. The Cambro-Ordovician Ollo de Sapo magmatism in the Iberian Massif and its Variscan evolution: a review. *Earth-Sci. Rev.* 176: 345-372.

Gourcerol B, Gloaguen E, Melleton J, Tuduri J, Galiegue X. 2019. Re-assessing the European lithium resource potential – A review of hard-rock resources and metallogeny. *Ore Geol Rev* 109: 494–519.

Gutiérrez-Alonso G, Fernández-Suárez J, Jeffries TE, et al. 2011. Diachronous post-orogenic magmatism within a developing orocline in Iberia, European Variscides. *Tectonics* 30: T C5008.

Gutiérrez-Alonso G, Fernández-Suárez J, López-Carmona A, Gärtner A. 2018. Exhuming a cold case: the early granodiorites of the northwest Iberian Variscan belt-A Visean magmatic flare-up? *Litosphere* 10: 194–216.

Hao-Yu W, Yong T, Hui Z, Zheng-Hang L, Yu-Sheng X. 2023. The geochronology of the rare metal pegmatite deposits: A case study in Nanping No. 31 pegmatite vein in northeastern Cathaysian block, China. *Ore Geol Rev* 153: 105280.

Harrison TM, Célérier J, Aikman AB, Hermann J, Heizler MT. 2009. Diffusion of $^{40}$Ar in muscovite. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 73: 1039-1051.

Horstwood MSA, Košler J, Gehrels G, et al. 2016. Community-derived standards for LA-ICP-MS U-(Th-)Pb geochronology – uncertainty propagation, age interpretation and data reporting. *Geostand Geoanalytical Res* 40: 311–332.

Hulsbosch N, Hertogen J, Dewaele S, André L, Muchez P. 2014. Alkali metal and rare earth element evolution of rock-forming minerals from the Gatumba area pegmatites (Rwanda): Quantitative assessment of crystal-melt fractionation in the regional zonation of pegmatite groups. *Geochim Cosmochim Acta* 132: 349–374.

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Michaud JAS, Gumiaux C, Pichavant M, Gloaguen E, Marcoux E. 2020. From magmatic to hydrothermal Sn-Li-(Nb-Ta-W) mineralization: The Argemela area (central Portugal). *Ore Geol Rev* 116: 103215.

Müller A, Romer RL, Pedersen RB. 2017. The Sveconorwegian pegmatite province – thousands of pegmatites without parental granites. *Can Mineral* 55: 283-315.

Müller A, Spratt J, Thomas R, Williamson BJ, Seltmann R. 2018. Alkali-F-rich albite zones in evolved NYF pegmatites: The product of melt-melt immiscibility. *Can Mineral* 56: 657-687.

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Pereira I, Dias R, dos Santos TB, Mata J. 2017. Exhumation of a migmatite complex along a transpressive shear zone: inferences from the Variscan Juzbado-Penalva do Castelo Shear Zone (Central Iberian Zone). *J Geol Soc London* 174: 1004-1018.

Pichavant M. 2022. Experimental crystallization of the Beauvoir granite as a model for the evolution of Variscan rare metal magmas. *J Petrol* 63: egac 120.

Pichavant M, Herrera JV, Boulmier S, et al. 1987. The Macusani glasses, SE Peru: evidence of chemical fractionation in peraluminous magmas. *Magmat Process Physicochem Princ Geochem Soc Spec Publ* 1: 359-373.

Pichavant M, Villaros A, Deveaud S, Scaillet B, Lahlafi M. 2016. The influence of redox state on mica crystallization in leucogranitic and pegmatitic liquids. *Can Mineral* 54: 559-581.

Raimbault L, Burnol L. 1998. The Richemont rhyolite dyke, Massif Central, France; a subvolcanic equivalent of rare-metal granites. *Can Mineral* 36: 265-282.

Ribeiro ML, Castro A, Almeida A. 2019. Variscan magmatism. In: *The geology of Iberia: a geodynamic approach*. pp. 497-526.

Roda-Robles E, Pesquera Perez A, Velasco Roldan F, Fontan F. 1999. The granitic pegmatites of the Fregeneda area (Salamanca, Spain); characteristics and petrogenesis. *Mineral Mag* 63: 535-558.

Roda-Robles E, Vieira R, Lima A, Pesquera-Pérez A. 2009. Petrogenetic links between granites and pegmatites in the Fregeneda-Almendra area (Salamanca, Spain and Guarda, Portugal): new insights from $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar dating in micas. *Estud Geológicos* 19: 305-310.

Roda-Robles E, Vieira R, Pesquera A, Lima A. 2010. Chemical variations and significance of phosphates from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatite field, Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal). *Mineral Petrol* 100: 23-34.

Roda-Robles E, Pesquera A, Gil-Crespo PP, et al. 2016. Geology and mineralogy of Li mineralization in the Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal). *Mineral Mag* 80: 103-126.

Roda-Robles E, Villaseca C, Pesquera A, et al. 2018. Petrogenetic relationships between Variscan granitoids and Li-(F-P)-rich aplite-pegmatites in the Central Iberian Zone: geological and geochemical constraints and implications for other regions from the European Variscides. *Ore Geol Rev* 95: 408-430.

Roda-Robles E, Vieira R, Lima A, et al. 2023. Li-rich pegmatites and related peraluminous granites of the Fregeneda-Almendra field (Spain-Portugal): a case study of magmatic signature for Li enrichment. *Lithos* 452-453: 107195.

Rodríguez Fernández LR, Oliveira JT. 2014. Mapa geológico de España y Portugal 1/1.000.000. Cartografía del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IMGE) and the National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNGE, Portugal).

Romer RL, Pichavant M. 2021. Rare metal granites and pegmatites. In: *Encyclopedia of geology*, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, pp. 840–846.

Shaw RA, Goodenough KM, Roberts NMW, Horstwood MSA, Chenery SR., Gunn AG. 2016. Petrogenesis of rare-metal pegmatites in high-grade metamorphic terranes: a case study from the lewisian gneiss complex of north-west Scotland. *Precambrian Res* 281: 338-362.

Simons B, Shail RK, Andersen JCØ. 2016. The petrogenesis of the early permian Variscan granites of the Cornubian Batholith: lower plate post-collisional peraluminous magmatism in the rhenoho-cynian zone of SW England. *Lithos* 260: 76-94.

Sláma J, Košler J, Condon DJ, et al. 2008. Plešovice zircon – a new natural reference material for U-Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis. *Chem Geol* 249: 1-35.

Stacey JS, Kramers JD. 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. *Earth Planet Sci Lett* 26: 207-221.

Stepanov A, Mavrogenes JA, Meffre S, Davidson P. 2014. The key role of mica during igneous concentration of tantalum. *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 167: 1-8.

Stewart DB. 1978. Petrogenesis of lithium-rich pegmatites. *Am Mineral* 63: 970-980.

Tapster S, Bright JWG. 2020. High-precision ID-TIMS cassiterite U-Pb systematics using a low-contamination hydrothermal decomposition: implications for LA-ICP-MS and ore deposit geochronology. *Geochronology* 2: 425-441.

Thomas R, Davidson P. 2012. Water in granite and pegmatite-forming melts. *Ore Geol Rev* 46: 32-46.

Tischendorf G, Gottesmann B, Foerster HJ, Trumbull RB. 1997. On Li-bearing micas: estimating Li from electron microprobe analyses and an improved diagram for raphical representation. *Mineral Mag* 61: 809-834.

Van Lichtervelde M, Grand'Homme A, de Saint-Blanquat M, Olivier P, Gerdes A, Paquette JL, et al. 2017. U-Pb geochronology on zircon and columbite-group minerals of the Cap de Creus pegmatites, NE Spain. *Mineral Petrol* 111: 1-21.

Van Lichtervelde M, Holtz F, Melcher F. 2018. The effect of disequilibrium crystallization on Nb-Ta fractionation in pegmatites: constraints from crystallization experiments of tantalite-tapiolite. *Am Mineral* 103: 1401-1416.

Vermeesch P. 2018. IsoplotR: a free and open tool box for geochronology. *Geosci Front* 9: 1479-1493.

Vieira R. 2010. Aplitopegmatitos com elementos raros da região entre Almendra (VN de Foz Côa) e Barca d'Alva (Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo). Campo aplitopegmatítico da Fregeneda-Almendra. PhD Thesis. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto.
Martins T, Lima A, Simmons WB, Falster AU, Noronha F. 2011. Geochemical fractionation of Nb-Ta oxides in Li-bearing pegmatites from the Barroso-Alvão pegmatite field, northern Portugal. *Can Mineral* 49: 777-791.

Matte P. 1991. Accretionary history and crustal evolution of the Variscan belt in Western Europe. *Tectonophysics* 196: 309-337.

Melcher F, Sitnikova MA, Graupner T et al. 2008. Fingerprinting of conflict minerals: columbite-tantalite (“coltan”) ores. *SGA News* 23: 7-14.

Melleton J, Gloaguen E, Frei D, Lima A, Vieira R, Martins T. 2022. Polyphased rare-element magmatism during late orogenic evolution: geochronological constraints from NW Variscan Iberia. *BSGF* – *Earth Sci Bull* 193: 28.

Melleton J, Gloaguen E, Frei D, Novák M, Breiter K. 2012. How are the emplacement of rare-element pegmatites, regional metamorphism and magmatism interrelated in the Moldanubian domain of the Variscan Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic? *Can Mineral* 50: 1751-1773.

Michaud JAS, Gumiaux C, Pichavant M, Gloaguen E, Marcoux E. 2020. From magmatic to hydrothermal Sn-Li-(Nb-Ta-W) mineralization: The Argemela area (central Portugal). *Ore Geol Rev* 116: 103215.

Müller A, Romer RL, Pedersen RB. 2017. The Sveconorwegian pegmatite province – thousands of pegmatites without parental granites. *Can Mineral* 55: 283-315.

Müller A, Spratt J, Thomas R, Williamson BJ, Seltmann R. 2018. Alkali-F-rich albite zones in evolved NYF pegmatites: The product of melt-melt immiscibility. *Can Mineral* 56: 657-687.

Nasdala L, Corfu F, Valley JW, et al. 2016. Zircon M127-A homogeneous reference material for SIMS U-Pb geochronology combined with hafnium, oxygen and, potentially, lithium isotope analysis. *Geostand Geoanalytical Res* 40: 457-475.

Neiva AMR, Ramos JMF. 2010. Geochemistry of granitic aplite-pegmatite sills and petrogenetic links with granites, Guarda-Belmonte area, central Portugal. *Eur J Mineral* 22: 837-854.

Pereira I, Dias R, dos Santos TB, Mata J. 2017. Exhumation of a migmatite complex along a transpressive shear zone: inferences from the Variscan Juzbado-Penalva do Castelo Shear Zone (Central Iberian Zone). *J Geol Soc London* 174: 1004-1018.

Pichavant M. 2022. Experimental crystallization of the Beauvoir granite as a model for the evolution of Variscan rare metal magmas. *J Petrol* 63: egac 120.

Pichavant M, Herrera JV, Boulmier S, et al. 1987. The Macusani glasses, SE Peru: evidence of chemical fractionation in peraluminous magmas. *Magmat Process Physicochem Princ Geochem Soc Spec Publ* 1: 359-373.

Pichavant M, Villaros A, Deveaud S, Scaillet B, Lahlafi M. 2016. The influence of redox state on mica crystallization in leucogranitic and pegmatitic liquids. *Can Mineral* 54: 559-581.

Raimbault L, Burnol L. 1998. The Richemont rhyolite dyke, Massif Central, France; a subvolcanic equivalent of rare-metal granites. *Can Mineral* 36: 265-282.

Ribeiro ML, Castro A, Almeida A. 2019. Variscan magmatism. In: *The geology of Iberia: a geodynamic approach*. pp. 497-526.

Roda-Robles E, Pesquera Perez A, Velasco Roldan F, Fontan F. 1999. The granitic pegmatites of the Fregeneda area (Salamanca, Spain); characteristics and petrogenesis. *Mineral Mag* 63: 535-558.

Roda-Robles E, Vieira R, Lima A, Pesquera-Pérez A. 2009. Petrogenetic links between granites and pegmatites in the Fregeneda-Almendra area (Salamanca, Spain and Guarda, Portugal): new insights from $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar dating in micas. *Estud Geológicos* 19: 305-310.

Roda-Robles E, Vieira R, Pesquera A, Lima A. 2010. Chemical variations and significance of phosphates from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatite field, Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal). *Mineral Petrol* 100: 23-34.

Roda-Robles E, Pesquera A, Gil-Crespo PP, et al. 2016. Geology and mineralogy of Li mineralization in the Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal). *Mineral Mag* 80: 103-126.

Roda-Robles E, Villaseca C, Pesquera A, et al. 2018. Petrogenetic relationships between Variscan granitoids and Li-(F-P)-rich aplite-pegmatites in the Central Iberian Zone: geological and geochemical constraints and implications for other regions from the European Variscides. *Ore Geol Rev* 95: 408-430.

Roda-Robles E, Vieira R, Lima A, et al. 2023. Li-rich pegmatites and related peraluminous granites of the Fregeneda-Almendra field (Spain-Portugal): a case study of magmatic signature for Li enrichment. *Lithos* 452-453: 107195.

Rodríguez Fernández LR, Oliveira JT. 2014. Mapa geológico de España y Portugal 1/1.000.000. Cartografía del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IMGE) and the National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNGE, Portugal).

Romer RL, Pichavant M. 2021. Rare metal granites and pegmatites. In: *Encyclopedia of geology*, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, pp. 840–846.

Shaw RA, Goodenough KM, Roberts NMW, Horstwood MSA, Chenery SR., Gunn AG. 2016. Petrogenesis of rare-metal pegmatites in high-grade metamorphic terranes: a case study from the lewisian gneiss complex of north-west Scotland. *Precambrian Res* 281: 338-362.

Simons B, Shail RK, Andersen JCØ. 2016. The petrogenesis of the early permian Variscan granites of the Cornubian Batholith: lower plate post-collisional peraluminous magmatism in the rhenoho-cynian zone of SW England. *Lithos* 260: 76-94.

Sláma J, Košler J, Condon DJ, et al. 2008. Plešovice zircon – a new natural reference material for U-Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis. *Chem Geol* 249: 1-35.

Stacey JS, Kramers JD. 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. *Earth Planet Sci Lett* 26: 207-221.

Stepanov A, Mavrogenes JA, Meffre S, Davidson P. 2014. The key role of mica during igneous concentration of tantalum. *Contrib Mineral Petrol* 167: 1-8.

Stewart DB. 1978. Petrogenesis of lithium-rich pegmatites. *Am Mineral* 63: 970-980.

Tapster S, Bright JWG. 2020. High-precision ID-TIMS cassiterite U-Pb systematics using a low-contamination hydrothermal decomposition: implications for LA-ICP-MS and ore deposit geochronology. *Geochronology* 2: 425-441.

Thomas R, Davidson P. 2012. Water in granite and pegmatite-forming melts. *Ore Geol Rev* 46: 32-46.

Tischendorf G, Gottesmann B, Foerster HJ, Trumbull RB. 1997. On Li-bearing micas: estimating Li from electron microprobe analyses and an improved diagram for raphical representation. *Mineral Mag* 61: 809-834.

Van Lichtervelde M, Grand'Homme A, de Saint-Blanquat M, Olivier P, Gerdes A, Paquette JL, et al. 2017. U-Pb geochronology on zircon and columbite-group minerals of the Cap de Creus pegmatites, NE Spain. *Mineral Petrol* 111: 1-21.

Van Lichtervelde M, Holtz F, Melcher F. 2018. The effect of disequilibrium crystallization on Nb-Ta fractionation in pegmatites: constraints from crystallization experiments of tantalite-tapiolite. *Am Mineral* 103: 1401-1416.

Vermeesch P. 2018. IsoplotR: a free and open tool box for geochronology. *Geosci Front* 9: 1479-1493.

Vieira R. 2010. Aplitopegmatitos com elementos raros da região entre Almendra (VN de Foz Côa) e Barca d'Alva (Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo). Campo aplitopegmatítico da Fregeneda-Almendra. PhD Thesis. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto.
Vieira R, Roda-Robles E, Pesquera A, Lima A. 2011. Chemical variation and significance of micas from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatitic field (Central-Iberian Zone, Spain and Portugal). *Am Mineral* 96: 637–645.

Villar P, Fernández Ruíz J, Bellido Mulas F, Sanz Santos MA, Carrasco RM, Rodríguez Fernández LR. 1990. Mapa Geológico de España. Escala 1:50.000. Lumbrales. 474-475. Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España.

Villaros A, Pichavant M. 2019. Mica-liquid trace elements partitioning and the granite-pegmatite connection: the St-Sylvestre complex (Western French Massif Central). *Chem Geol* 528: 119265.

Whitney DL, Evans BW. 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. *Am Mineral* 95: 185-187.

Wise MA, Francis CA, Černý P. 2012. Compositional and structural variations in columbite-group minerals from granitic pegmatites of the Brunswick and Oxford fields, Maine: Differential trends in F-poor and F-rich environments. *Can Mineral* 50: 1515–1530.

Zhang DL, Peng JT, Hu RZ, Yuan SD, Zheng DS. 2011. The closure of U-Pb isotope system in cassiterite and its reliability for dating. *Geol Rev* 57: 549–554.

Zhang D, Peng J, Coulson IM, Hou L, Li S. 2014. Cassiterite U-Pb and muscovite $^{40}$Ar-$^{39}$Ar age constraints on the timing of mineralization in the Xuebaoding Sn-W-Be deposit, western China. *Ore Geol Rev* 62: 315–322.

**Cite this article as:** Ballouard C, Carr P, Parisot F, Gloaguen É, Melleton J, Cauzid J, Lecomte A, Rouer O, Salsi L, Mercadier J. 2024. Petrogenesis and tectonic-magmatic context of emplacement of lepidolite and petalite pegmatites from the Fregeneda-Almendra field (Variscan Central Iberian Zone): clues from Nb-Ta-Sn oxide U-Pb geochronology and mineral geochemistry, *BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin* **195**: 3.
Vieira R, Roda-Robles E, Pesquera A, Lima A. 2011. Chemical variation and significance of micas from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatitic field (Central-Iberian Zone, Spain and Portugal). *Am Mineral* 96: 637–645.

Villar P, Fernández Ruíz J, Bellido Mulas F, Sanz Santos MA, Carrasco RM, Rodríguez Fernández LR. 1990. Mapa Geológico de España. Escala 1:50.000. Lumbrales. 474-475. Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España.

Villaros A, Pichavant M. 2019. Mica-liquid trace elements partitioning and the granite-pegmatite connection: the St-Sylvestre complex (Western French Massif Central). *Chem Geol* 528: 119265.

Whitney DL, Evans BW. 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. *Am Mineral* 95: 185-187.

Wise MA, Francis CA, Černý P. 2012. Compositional and structural variations in columbite-group minerals from granitic pegmatites of the Brunswick and Oxford fields, Maine: Differential trends in F-poor and F-rich environments. *Can Mineral* 50: 1515–1530.

Zhang DL, Peng JT, Hu RZ, Yuan SD, Zheng DS. 2011. The closure of U-Pb isotope system in cassiterite and its reliability for dating. *Geol Rev* 57: 549–554.

Zhang D, Peng J, Coulson IM, Hou L, Li S. 2014. Cassiterite U-Pb and muscovite $^{40}$Ar-$^{39}$Ar age constraints on the timing of mineralization in the Xuebaoding Sn-W-Be deposit, western China. *Ore Geol Rev* 62: 315–322.

**Cite this article as:** Ballouard C, Carr P, Parisot F, Gloaguen É, Melleton J, Cauzid J, Lecomte A, Rouer O, Salsi L, Mercadier J. 2024. Petrogenesis and tectonic-magmatic context of emplacement of lepidolite and petalite pegmatites from the Fregeneda-Almendra field (Variscan Central Iberian Zone): clues from Nb-Ta-Sn oxide U-Pb geochronology and mineral geochemistry, *BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin* **195**: 3.