<table>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'distolingually oriented',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>character state]</td>
    <td>'complete [taxa without metaconids are assigned this<br>'deeply notched',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'large'<br>'small or absent',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>metaconid',</td>
    <td>'distal to protoconid'<br>'distal to metaconid, or between protoconid and</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'absent'<br>'weak'<br>'strong',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'absent'<br>'incomplete, broken at protoconid and hypoconid'<br>'complete',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'not basally inflated'<br>'slightly basally inflated'<br>'very basally inflated',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'not exodaenodont'<br>'slightly exodaenodont'<br>'very exodaenodont',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1.27, &lt; 1.61)<br>(tri:tal &gt; 0.92, &lt; 1.27)</td>
    <td>'extremely short or non-existent (tri:tal &gt; 1.61)'<br>'short (much shorter than trigonid) (tri:tal &gt;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'equal or slightly shorter in length to trigonid<br>'talonid longer than trigonid (tri:tal &lt; 0.91)',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>anterior',</td>
    <td>'Crown bases vertical in lateral perspective'<br>'slightly oblique'<br>'strongly oblique, projecting medial over the</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>Normal<br>Spatulate,</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'Absent or trace'<br>'Strong',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'Absent or weak'<br>'Moderate'<br>'Very strong',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'Absent or weak'<br>'Moderate'<br>'Very strong',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'low'<br>'moderate'<br>'high (nearly as high as protoconid)',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'P/3 much lower than P/4'<br>'P/3 slightly lower than P/4'</td>
  </tr>
</table>
'P/3 equal in height to P/4 '
'P/3 higher than P/4 ',
'0.45-0.59 '
'0.60-0.69 '
'0.70-0.79 '
' >0.80 ',
'<0.95 '
' >0.96 <1.14 '
' >1.15 <1.20 '
' >1.21 <1.35 '
' >1.36 <1.46 '
' >1.47 ',
'< 0.62'
' >0.63, < 0.72'
' >0.73, < 0.82'
' >0.83, < 0.92'
' >0.93, < 1.02'
' > 1.03 ',
'Aligned mesiodistally '
'Shifted laterally',
'Aligned mesioditally'
'Mesial root shifted buccally',
'one '
'two ',
'much wider than talonid (> 1.11) '
'widths similar (< 1.11, > 0.90) '
'much narrower than talonid (< 0.90) ',
'much wider than talonid (> 1.20) '
'trigonid and talonid widths similar (< 1.20-1.05) '
'trigonid narrower than talonid (< 1.05) ',
Present
Absent,
'mesiolingual, between protoconid and metaconid '
'mesial to metaconid ',
'mesiolingual, between protoconid and metaconid '
'mesial to metaconid ',
Present
Absent,
'mesiolingual, between protoconid and metaconid '
'mesial to metaconid ',
'widely spaced from the metaconid '
'twinned with metaconid ',
'absent '
'present ',
'absent '
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>80</td>
      <td>'single'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'double',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>81</td>
      <td>'absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'narrower than talonid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'approximately equal in width to talonid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>82</td>
      <td>'smooth'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly crenulated'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'highly crenulated',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>83</td>
      <td>'higher than talonid (&gt; 1.20)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly higher than talonid (&gt; 1.10, &lt; 1.20)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'trigonid and talonid of similar height (&lt; 1.10) ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>84</td>
      <td>'Moderate to high'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Low',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>85</td>
      <td>'Open'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Closed',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>86</td>
      <td>'transversely aligned-lingual to protoconid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly distolingual to protoconid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>87</td>
      <td>'absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>88</td>
      <td>'runs toward metaconid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs toward hypoflexid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>89</td>
      <td>'complete'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'deeply notched by protoconid/metaconid sulcus'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'medial and lateral protocristid do not meet but no sulcus is visible',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>90</td>
      <td>'complete'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'deeply notched by protoconid/ metaconid sulcus'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'medial and lateral protocristid do not meet but no sulcus is visible',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>91</td>
      <td>'present'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>92</td>
      <td>'barely stands out on lingual talonid marginal crest'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'a small discrete cusp'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'a large cusp',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>93</td>
      <td>'prominent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'faintly visible'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>94</td>
      <td>'large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>96</td>
      <td>'large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>97</td>
      <td>'twinned to entoconid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'near midline'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly buccal to midline',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>98</td>
      <td>'weak (rounded)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong (trenchant)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'very strong (trenchant)',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>99</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>metaconid',</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>100</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>metaconid',</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>101</td>
      <td>'runs to base of trigonid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs part way up the distal trigonid wall'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with protoconid tip or protocristid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with metaconid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>102</td>
      <td>'runs to base of trigonid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs part way up the distal trigonid wall'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with protoconid tip or protocristid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with metaconid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>103</td>
      <td>'runs to base of trigonid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs part way up the distal trigonid wall'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with protoconid tip or protocristid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with metaconid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>104</td>
      <td>'present'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>105</td>
      <td>'absent or seen only as a trace'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'weak'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>106</td>
      <td>'absent or seen only as a trace'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'weak'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>107</td>
      <td>'open'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'notched lingually but not open'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'closed',</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
108
'absent '
'present (weak) '
'present (large) ',
109
'simple '
'with accessory cusp close to hypoconid ',
110
'notched '
'straight ',
111
'cusps not inflated, marginally positioned '
'slightly inflated '
'very inflated ',
112
'absent to trace '
'partial, broken at protoconid and hypoconid '
'complete ',
113
'very shallow '
'moderate '
'deep ',
114
'very shallow '
'moderate '
'deep ',
115
'M/3 much longer than M/2 (0.71-0.80) '
'M/3 longer than M/2 (0.81-0.90) '
'M/3 equal than M/2 (0.91-1.00) '
'M/3 smaller than M/2 (1.01-1.12) '
'M/3 much smaller than M/2 (> 1.13) '
'if M/3 absent',
116
'1.0-1.15'
'1.16-1.22'
'1.23-1.32'
' > 1.33 ',
117
'convergent '
'vertically sided ',
118
'transverse to hypoconid '
'distal to hypoconid ',
119
'indistinct to absent '
'weakly developed (low) '
'well-developed (strong and high) ',
120
'absent; teeth widely spaced '
'present as narrow contact '
'I2/ tightly packed against I1/, I1/ preparacrista
abbreviated ',
121
'present '
'absent: a wide space occurs in the midline between
these teeth ',
122
'present '
'absent ',
123
'areas approximately equal (< 1.00) '
'I1/ slightly larger than I2/ (> 1.00, < 1.40) '
'I1/ much larger than I2/ (> 1.40) ',

'incisor small (< 0.50) '
'incisor moderate (> 0.50, < 0.56) '
'incisor large (> 0.56) ',

'rounded oval (< 1.05) '
'buccolingually compressed (> 1.05, < 1.30) '
'extremely compressed (> 1.30) ',

'rounded oval (< 1.05) '
'slightly buccolingually compressed (> 1.05, < 1.30) '
'extremely buccolingually compressed > 1.30) ',

'occlusal edge orthogonal to long axis of root '
'occlusal edge wears at a steep angle to long axis

of root '
'crown with pronounced mesial asymmetry (= mesial
process) in unworn state ',

'Moderate, continuous '
'Strong ',

'absent '
'present ',

'absent '
' present ',

'oval '
'rounded ',

'C1/ wears against P/1-2'
'C1/ wears against P/2 '
'C1/ wears against P/2-3 '
'C1/ wears against P/3 ',

'shallow or absent '
'deep ',

'weak or absent '
'strong '
'very strong ',

'present
absent,

one
'two '
'three ',

'two '
'three ',

'two '
'three ',

'P2/ much smaller (< 0.85) '
'P2/ smaller (> 0.85, < 0.95) '
'P2/ equal (> 0.95) '
'Clearly larger',
140
'P4 << M1 (<0.66) '
'P4< M1 (> 0.66, < 0.76) '
'P4 = M1 (0.77-1.05) '
'P4 > M1 (> 1.06) ',
141
'triangular '
'suboval with the long axis b-l '
'suboval with the long axis m-d '
'round ',
142
'Suboval (with roughly mesiodistal long axis) '
'Triangular (buccal lobe much wider than lingual lobe) '
'Trapezoid (tooth buccolingually extended with buccal lobe wider than lingual lobe) '
'Rectangular (tooth buccolingually extended with lingual lobe as wide as buccal lobe) '
'Squared (tooth as wide as long with buccal lobe as wide as lingual lobe)',
143
Triangular
Trapezoid
Rectangular
Squared,
144
'trigon > = talon '
'trigon < talon ',
145
'present '
'absent ',
146
absent
present,
147
'low relative to paracone '
'high relative to paracone ',
148
'present '
absent,
149
absent
present,
150
'large '
'small '
'absent ',
151
'present '
'absent ',
152
'absent '
'present ',
153
'strong '
'weak, short ',
154
'smoothly rounded '
'waisted between buccal and lingual cusps ',
155
'absent or weak '
'strong ',
156
'absent '
'present ',
157
'absent or weak '
'strong ',
158
'minute to absent '
'present but small '
'strong ',
159
'minute to absent '
'present but small '
'strong ',
160
'three, three '
'three, two '
'two, two',
161
'three '
'two '
'one ',
162
'very transverse (> 1.65) '
'transverse (< 1.65, > 1.30) '
'squared (< 1.30) ',
163
'M1 >> M2 (> 1.40) '
'M1 > M2 (< 1.40, > 1.0) '
'M1 < M2 (< 1.0) ',
164
'absent '
'single '
double,
165
absent
'weak '
'strong ',
166
'large '
'small '
'minute to absent ',
167
'large '
small
'minute to absent ',
168
'distal, far lingual to protocone '
'distal, slightly lingual to protocone '
'distal, slightly buccal to protocone ',
169
'absent '
'weak '
'strong, reaches to postprotocrista, encloses the
170
absent
talon lingually. ',
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>talon lingually',</td>
    <td>'strong, reaches to postprotocrista, encloses the</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>171</td>
    <td>'attached to preprotocrista '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'unattached to preprotocrista ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>172</td>
    <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'small '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'moderate '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'large ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>173</td>
    <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>moderate</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'strong ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>174</td>
    <td>'attached to ectocrista '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'present on buccal cingulum ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>175</td>
    <td>'absent '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'small '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'large ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>176</td>
    <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'weak, broken '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'strong, complete ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>177</td>
    <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'weak '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'strong ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>178</td>
    <td>'absent or weak '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'strong ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>179</td>
    <td>'absent or weak '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'strong ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>180</td>
    <td>'absent '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'small-moderate '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>large,</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>181</td>
    <td>'not inflated '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'slightly inflated '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'very inflated ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>182</td>
    <td>'no expansion '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'slight expansion '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'considerable expansion ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>183</td>
    <td>'absent or very small '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'moderate (but smaller than paracone) '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'large (equal to paracone) ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>184</td>
    <td>'absent or very small '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'small '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'large ',</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>185</td>
    <td>'absent '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'small-moderate (smaller than paracone) '</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>'large (nearly as large as or larger than paracone)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>,</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>186</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
</table>
'strong, complete, long (connected to parastyle) '
'strong, short '
'weak or absent ',
187
'very small (half the size of M1/ or less) '
'small (two thirds) '
'large (approximately as large) ',
188
'indistinct to absent '
'moderate '
'strong ',
189
'indistinct to absent '
'moderate '
'strong ',
190
'mesial to paracone '
'mesiobuccal to paracone ',
191
'distal to metacone '
'distobuccal to metacone ',
192
'moderate, does not reach the metastyle / the
distobuccal corner of the tooth'
'connected to metastyle / reaches the distobuccal
corner of the tooth',
193
'indistinct to absent '
'present but shallow '
'present, deep ',
194
'indistinct to absent '
'weakly developed '
'well developed (but well-marked notch between
postparacrista and premetacrista) '
'strongly elevated (weak notch between
postparacrista and premetacrista)',
195
'indistinct to absent '
'weakly developed '
'well developed (but well-marked notch between
premetacrista and postparacrista) '
'strongly elevated (weak notch between premetacrista
and postparacrista)',
196
'normal position '
'oblique ',
197
'strong '
'tiny ',
198
'indistinct to absent '
'short '
'long ',
199
'indistinct to absent '
'short '
'long ',
200
'transverse, directed toward metaconule (or virtual
metaconule emplacement) '
'lateral, directed toward the lingual posterior cingulum (post-protocone fold-like) ',
201
'metaconule emplacement) '
'p
(post-protocone fold-like) ',
202
'runs to base of metacone (with hypometacrista) '
'runs to metaconule (at the level of the small or
virtual metaconule) '
'runs to posterior cingulum '
'limited at a point distal to protocone ',
203
'runs to base of metacone (with hypometacrista) '
'runs to metaconule (at the level of the small or
virtual metaconule) '
'runs to posterior cingulum '
'limited at a point distal to protocone ',
204
'low '
'elevated ',
205
'connected to parastyle (by way of preparaconule
crista) '
'connected to paraconule (or near to it or to a
virtual paraconule) ',
206
'connected to parastyle (by way of preparaconule
crista) '
'connected to paraconule (or near to it or to a
virtual paraconule) ',
207
'indistinct to absent '
'moderate '
'well-developed (connected to paracone)',
208
'absent '
'weakly developed (low and short) '
'well-developed (high) ',
209
'absent '
'weakly developed (short) '
'well-developed (high) ',
210
'indistinct to absent '
'moderate (not connected to protocone) '
'well-developed (connected to protocone or
postprotocrista) ',
211
Absent
'present and forming the lateral wall of an anterior
accessory cavity pneumatized from the tympanic cavity'
'present and forming the lateral wall of an anterior
accessory cavity pneumatized from the epitympanic recess. ',
212
'Anterior accessory cavity lies anterior to the
tympanic cavity and is not trabeculated '
' anterior accessory cavity extends medial to the
tympanic cavity, and is trabeculated ',
213
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Present',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>214</td>
      <td>'Absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Present and formed exclusively by the petrosal bone',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>215</td>
      <td>'Posterior to line joining midpoints of tympanic bones'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'anterior to this line',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>216</td>
      <td>'medial'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'midline of the bulla'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'lateral',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>217</td>
      <td>'dorsal, adjacent to basioccipital or mastoid bone'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'ventral',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>218</td>
      <td>'posterior'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'ventral'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'anterior',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>219</td>
      <td>'runs across ventral lip of the fenestra cochleae, shielding it from ventral view when a canal is present'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'internal carotid canal does not shield the fenestra cochleae from ventral view',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>220</td>
      <td>'on ventrolateral surface of promontorium'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'contacting only the cupula of the cochlea',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>221</td>
      <td>'both stapedial and promontory canals are large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'stapedial slightly smaller than promontory'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'stapedial highly reduced or absent altogether'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'stapedial larger than promontory'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'both promontory and stapedial canals absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>222</td>
      <td>'open trough'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'complete canal',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>223</td>
      <td>'intrabullar, or aphaneric'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'extrabullar or phaneric',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>224</td>
      <td>'ribbon-like or only slightly expanded'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'laterally expanded into a collar or tube',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>225</td>
      <td>'Linea semicircularis or partial annular bridge formed on a entotympanic bulla'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'linea semicircularis formed on a petrosal bulla'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'a complete annular bridge',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>226</td>
      <td>'Absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Present and formed by anterior accessory cavity'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Present and formed by the tympanic cavity',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>227</td>
      <td>'absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'laminar'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'abutting',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>228</td>
      <td>'slight'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'very extensive',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>229</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
230 'Absent or minimal ' 'extensive ',
zygomatic arch ' 'Present, small and in the posterior root of the
meatus ', 'Present, large, and above the external auditory
231 'Present ' 'Absent ',
232 'Small ' 'Large ' 'Extremely large ',
233 'None ' 'Postorbital bar present ' 'Postorbital septum present ',
234 'zygomatic forms most of the septum ' 'frontal forms most of the septum ',
235 'Present ' 'Absent ',
236 'absent ' 'present below olfactory tract ',
237 'present ' 'separated by a large fronto-maxillary contact (and
in some taxa, a small os planum of the ethmoid) ' 'separated by a large os planum ',
238 'Absent ' 'Present ',
239 'outside orbital margin ' 'within the orbit or on the rim ',
240 'unfused ' 'fused ',
241 'low (less convergent than primates)' moderate high 'Very high',
242 'Reduced or absent ' 'small but distinct ' 'robust and long ',
243 'present ' 'absent ',
244 'Medially placed ' 'Laterally placed ',
245 'long medial pterygoid plate extending one-third to one half of the distance to the anterior surface of the bulla '
'short but distinct from lateral pterygoid plate for its entire dorsoventral extent '
'medial pterygoid plate entirely absent, or reduced to a low rugosity ',
246
'Long snout '
'Short snout ',
247
'deep '
'shallow ',
248
'absent '
'present ',
249
'biconcave and transversely wide '
'anteroposteriorly oriented trough ',
250
'weak or absent '
'strong ',
251
'broad and wider than that of extant haplorhines '
'narrow, haplorhine-like ',
252
'very far above '
'slightly above or equal ',
253
'at level of tooth row '
'slightly above '
'well above tooth row ',
254
'shallow '
'deep ',
255
'no postorbital closure '
'zygomatico-parietal contact '
'alisphenoid-frontal contact ',
256
'absent '
'present ',
257
'narrow '
'broad ',
258
'narrow '
'broad ',
259
'narrow '
'broad ',
260
'symphysis procumbent '
'symphysis erect',
261
'cylinder, distal edge perpendicular to shaft '
'distal edge somewhat angled to shaft '
'distal edge very angled',
262
'subequal '
'medial edge more flared than lateral edge ',
263
'absent '
'weak but distinct '
'moderately distinct '
'very distinct ',
264
'> 70 (unwaisted) '
'<= 70 (waisted) ',
265
'< 100 '
'between 100 and 140 '
'140-200 '
'>200 ',
266
'present '
'variable '
'absent ',
267
'above medial epicondyle '
'above ventral trochlea '
'above dorsal trochlea ',
268
'reduced '
'prominent ',
269
'parallel '
'slight dorsal angle'
'large dorsal angle ',
270
'not pronounced '
'moderately pronounced '
'very pronounced',
271
'not pronounced'
'moderately pronounced '
'very pronounced ',
272
'present (strong) '
'small, shallow '
'absent ',
273
'Shallow '
'Moderate '
Deep,
274
'broad '
moderate
'narrow ',
275
'shallow '
'deep ',
276
'ventral articular width <2.5 times the ventral
capitular width '
'ventral articular width > 2.5 times the ventral
capitular width ',
277
'100* H/F <= 65 '
'H/F between 65 and 80'
'H/F > 80 ',
278
'Facet on pisiform for ulnar styloid process is
roughly equal in size to that for triquetrum'
'Facet on pisiform for ulnar styloid process is much enlarged and deeply excavated. ',

279
'present '
'absent ',

280
' Proximal to or level with lesser trochanter'
'distal to lesser trochanter. ',

281
'< 75'
'75-120'
' > 120',

282
'< 60'
'60-70'
'> 70',

283
' medial (0-30°) '
' posterior (>30°) ',

284
' large'
'small '
'low crest or absent ',

285
' < 90 (shallow knee) '
' 90 - 100'
' > 100 (deep knee) ',

286
' spherical'
'semicylindrical'
' cylindrical',

287
'no extension'
'extension present',

288
'none '
'bent ',

289
' long (> 125) '
'moderate (110-125) '
' very short (< 110) ',

290
'Crest absent '
'Crest present ',

291
'large '
'intermediate '
'small ',

292
low
'high ',

293
'absent '
'present ',

294
small
'moderate '
'extensive ',

295
'square/parallel '
'triangular ',
314 'Absent '
'Present ',
' articular wedge absent (fan-shaped) '
' articular wedge present (more circular) ',
315 'Short (<90) '
'moderate (100-150) '
'long(>150) ',
316 'cuboid facet on navicular contacts only the
ectocuneiform'
'cuboid facet contacts the ectocuneiform and
mesocuneiform facet',
317 'dorsally reduced'
'dorsal moiety of joint enlarged relative to ventral
moiety'
'dorsal moiety greatly enlarged',
318 small
'hypertrophied ',
319 'mesaxonic '
paraxonic
'ectaxonic ',
320 'absent '
'present ',
321 'present '
'absent ',
322 'short '
'long ',
323 'very large '
'large '
'small ',
324 'short '
'long ',
325 'absent '
'present ',
326 'present '
'absent ',

;
MATRI X

317
'Donrussellia gallica+sp.' ?1?1?????? ??????????
???00??111 02?1101?1? 011?10?101 02?00{12}0?12 001?530011 1011010010
1000011000 1222202211 3(12)11221001 {01}122{01}{23}101? ??????????
???????1?1 ?21-000??2 1101001000 012{01}022-00 0{01}0-02{12}000 002?112010
-101111100 -131110000 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0??
?????1???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
?????????? ?????0
'Notharctus robustior' 1001010001 101101?0?0
2??00??111 02?1101200 02{01}0101101 0100010?11 001{12}320011
1011011{01}1{01} 10{01}0012000 1222202111 3111222001 12220{12}011?
1???0????? ??0?0011{01}1 212-001101 {01}{01}01001000 0221000100
021002{12}00{01} 1110111221 1102200110 0331110000 0??0020000 301?????0?
111?????? ???????000 ?010?11??0 1?3?201?0? ???1??0??? 1100100000
1100022010 2201001020 110?11??0? 1?1?00
'Adapis parisiensis' 1001010000 001201?012
2000020111 02?2--2210 0210201100 022?031?10 0-21430011 11--1--020
1010010000 121330?111 {23}111220001 1122031101 0?0?222??1 00??011111
2030111101 1010101000 0220001100 000-022001 0020112110 0102201101
1331000000 0?10020000 (13)000102000 101?001?0(01) 1101210100 ?011011100
1011201100 010000?100 1000000010 1100122010 2201011211 1101??00?? 1?2?00
'Cantius eppsi' ?????????? ??????????
????0??111 02?1002?1? 0211101100 01?0020?11 0023420011 10111-0010
1000012000 1222202111 3011222001 122203011? ?????????? ????0111?1 ?11-
001??2 0001001000 0121022-00 020-0(12)2101 10101011{01}0 0101100101
?330000001 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? 2201??1020 ?????????? ??????
'Leptadapis magnus' 1??0?0??00 001201?110
2000020111 02?1202200 0210101100 0220010?10 0?23441011 11--1--020
1020010000 1113202121 2111220001 022203011? ?????????? ?0??011102
2431011102 0010101000 0220001100 000-012001 0021112110 01012011(01)1
1331000000 0?10020000 300010??00 101?????0? 1??12??100 ????11??0
1031101111 21000????? ?????????? ?????????? 2201001221 12?????00?? 1?2?00
'Absarokius abotti+sp.' 100102???? ????00?0??
?001000011 22?2--1300 011(01)102101 100220(12)?00 0-00050011 (01)011011010
1(01)10012000 122220211(01) 0011112001 122220001? ?????????? ????001103
341-000102 (01)101000000 0021022-00 010-01210(01) (12)110(01)10010 -
111101121 1310011001 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????0??0?? ??????????
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????02011111 1111??1110 110???????? ??????
'Hemiacodon gracilis' 110113?0?2 {12}?1{12}10?2??
{01}00100?011 12?2--2310 02(01)2201001 0100011?11 1023300012
1011001(01)0(01) (12)210012000 1212201211 {01}111221000 122(12)12101?
?1???????? 01000011{01}0 ??1-000??2 00010(01)1000 012102{12}000 020-
(01)12112 1(01)20(12)0(12)110 1111101111 1320110000 ?????????? ??????????
?????????? ????0??0?? ?????????? 103?101101 110??????? 0200211110
1101011011 1111001110 110?2011?? 1?0???
'Shoshonius cooperi' 10?102???0 ????00?001
100100?011 11?1201310 1110(01)00101 0002112011 111(23) (12)20011
10(01)(01)0(01)0(01)20 (12) (12) (12)0012000 1222201211 3001221001 112202001?
?????????? ????001101 12100(01)1102 0011011000 0(01)?1022-00 0211112001
0120102111 1101100221 1221000001 0?000200?0 010?221110 021?01????
110011?011 ?01001?01? 10??001111 1100100?00 0200211110 ??02011101
1111000110 210???1??? ??0?00
'Teilhardina americana' 110113???2 ????{01}0?000
100(01)00?011 02?1201300 0111(12)01101 10001(01)1010 001(12)210011
0011011010 1000012000 122(23) (23)0221(01) 1001222001 1(12)2212(01)01?
?????????? ????11?(01) ??1-000??2 01110?1000 0021022-00 010-02211(01)
1110(01)01110 1111100221 1221000001 ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000???
?????????0?? ????00?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000??
????????? 200?????? ?????
'Xanthorhysis tabrumi' ????0000?? ????1?0??
??010??011 22?2--1?0? 0111101101 00?1101011 1-10310011 1000000000
1000011000 122330?200 0001221001 122122001? ????0000?? ????0000??
?????????? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000??
?????????? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000??
?????????? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ????0000?? ?????
'Tarsius spp.' 2??1???120 01?0010010
000101?001 22?2211200 011{01}{01}0110 0021101011 1000(12) (01)1011
(01)000000010 1000012000 1(12)2{23}{23}11200 0001112001 {01}211110012
002001?101 1111001100 3{12}{12}-100102 (01)101001000 01210{12}{12}100
0{01}0-02(12)001 00201(01)2010 ?111100220 01110001{01}0 1001121211
2111?11112 0221012101 1100110011 1110200011 0030201100 0200000000
0200221120 111?011101 100100(01)000 1110201121 101111
'Dolichocebus gaimanensis' 1?????000? 0011?12000
2??10??000 12?2--1201 1211201101 0002000000 2--?301--?1 ?01-??000?
?020110000 12022?1110 12?12?1101 1111?010?1 000?100000 01110100?0 0?2-
000?02 0110100110 1{01}2000011? 000-021000 0111110110 0101100110 0331000200
?0????????? ??????????? ?02???????? ???????1?? ??????????? ???????????
?????????? ??????????? ??????????0 ????0?????? ??????????? ????11
'Branisella boliviana' 110111?1?0 0?0?01?00?
?001021000 02?2--0210 1211200001 1101010000 1-2200--11 11--1--110
0011110000 1222221000 1101212000 101130101? ?????????? ????000000 ?32-
001??2 0110100000 1110000000 000-{01}20000 0000020120 0101100100 0131000100
?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????1?? ?????????1 ???????????
?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????
'Callicebus moloch' 1001011110 0010010000
2001020000 02?2--0210 2201200001 -100020012 1-2300--01 11------02-
0021110000 1211131100 2221211100 0010301011 0011100110 1102010010 132-
000002 1000100110 1{12}10000121 -00-020000 0001010010 -102200110 0331000210
1111011210 2110-00-00 1020112111 2011210101 1021100101 10{12}{01}22-111
10120??00? 2012100000 2001011001 1010??1210 110?002110 012011
'Saimiri sciureus' 1000210000 0012022000
0001021000 02?2--0210 2202200001 0001010000 1-230{23}--0{01} 01------11-
0020110000 122{23}{23}31110 0011222001 1121301011 0022100100 111201002{12}
132-001102 1000100001 1110000110 -00-12{01}000 0{01}11010110 0101100210
0111000210 1111011210 2110-00-0{02} 1020112111 2111110100 1121100101
102{01}{23}001{12}1 10120120{01}0 1{01}12100000 2001011001 1010001110
21?1002110 012011
'Saguinus spp.' 1000220000 0012020000
2001021000 02?2--1110 2201100001 0021121001 1-33{01}2---1 -1------11- -
020110000 122{23}{23}-1100 00-12-2001 1111-31121 0022120000 11100100{12}1
{01}{23}2-000102 101{01}000001 -(01)01022--- 010-02{12}00- 10--12-{01}10
0101100220 0111000100 1011011110 2110-00-00 1020112111 2111110100
1121100101 ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????
?????????? ???????
'Aotus spp.' 1001120000 0012010000
2001021000 02?2--1211 2201{12}0000{01} 0100020001 1-2{23}0{12}01 11------
01- 0020100000 122333-100 2221{12}{01}2001 0011301011 0022200100
11010100{12}{01} {01}32-001002 1000000001 22{12}0000121 -00-000000
011102100- -101100110 0111110220 1111011110 2110-00-00 1120112111
2111110101 1121101101 {01}01{01}{23}101{01}1 101201?0{01}0 2012100010
2002011001 1010001210 11?1002110 012011
'Myanarpithecus yarshensis' ??????????? ????1?0??
200101?01? 212??????2?0 0??1??1?0? ??01??{12}1?? ?????????11 2??-1--?10
12?0??00?0 122?31-0?0 ?121112001 1(01)?10?112? ?????????? ???????1?0 ??2-
?01??1 1100000000 02210111?? 0111011000 1020101110 0101110110 0111110100
?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????0?? ????1?????? ???????????
?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????
'Ganlea megacanina' 1??101?010 0?0?02?00?
2001010011 1121001?0? 0111211100 01?1111101 0233121011 21--1--120
1211110000 122330-000 1121112001 1010101120 1012111?10 02??001100 ??2-
000??2 01100?00?0 022{01}0111{12}0 0{01}0-02{12}000 1110002010 -102200220
0111000110 ??????????? ??????????? ?01-11??11 2????100?? 1??10?1?1?
?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????
'Pondaungia cotteri' 1?0103?0?0 ????02?0??
200101?011 02-2--(12)200 1100(12)01000 0101121101 0-2(23) (01)01011 (01)00-
1--110 1211111011 022{23}{23}0{12}000 1{12}2111(12) {01}01 (12)100(012)00021
??22?0000 0101001101 332-000??1 0100000000 012(01)01021? -1(01)10(12)100?
121?001010 -101110111 1331110220 ?????????? ??????????? ???????????
????110?? ??11??????1 ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????1??
1010001211 ??????????? ?????
'Siamopithecus eocaenus' ?????????? ????1?000
20010??011 02-2--1?0? 0110100001 01?1111000 1-23(12)21011 01--1--000
1121100000 1122212000 1121212001 200000002? ?????????? ?1??001101 ?22-
100??2 (01)00000000 1010111121 -00-000000 220101100- -101110111
13310002(12)0 ?????????? ?????????? ?02?1???1? 2???100?? ???1?????1
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
'Aegyptopithecus zeuxis' 1000010010 0011012000
20011---11 02-2--1-1- 0200101001 00-1030010 1-33011111 11--1--010
10211000(01) (01) 0200001000 0011111201 111010002? ?????????? 03111-11-1 -
32-001--2 1100100220 0121100100 010-021000 1200{01}12010 -101000100
0111000110 101?011210 2110?00?00 102011??11 3211100101 1121201101
1010(01)00111 1011012?01 ?0?(12)0?0??0 ??00?????1 1000111211 0101??21??
0?2011
'Taqah propliopithecid' ?????????? ?????????? ???11--
-11 02-2--1-1- 0201101001 11?1?20001 1-33121111 11--1--010 1021110000
0100001010 1011112001 111020001? ?????????? ??????0101 ?32-001??2
0100100000 ?12000111? ?00-12100? (01)2??02?010 -101100210 0111000110
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
'Catopithecus browni' 1?0??10010 001??12000 20011-
--11 0101210-1- 0210101001 11-0020001 1122111111 10001-1010 1010101000
1211110100 0001112001 0110301011 0000110100 0310101101 -21-000--2
0101101000 0120011100 -011022000 10100(01)1110 1111100220 0111000110
??1?001210 ??10?????00 10?0?1??11 2?1??10001 1020??1100 101?000111
1011?12?01 1210?00000 0????????1 1010110211 ?????????? ????11
'Oligopithecus savagei' ?????????? ???????0?? 20011-
--11 12-1201-1- 0210101001 01-0021001 11333111?1 ?11-??-01? ?020110000
12111?0100 00?11?1001 0011?1101? ?????????? ?3???????? ?2?-0?????
0111000?0? ???002?-0? -00-01100? 1???00?00- -1111002?0 ?1?10?0110
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
'Oligopithecus rogeri' ?????????? ??????2000 20011-
--11 ?2-1211-1- 0110201101 01-0?20001 003333???1 111-1--010 1020110000
1211010100 0001111001 011132101? ?????????? 03101-11-2 -21-00?--2
101110000? ?110022100 -00-020000 1010021{01}10 1121100220 0111000110
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????
'Propliopithecus spp.' 1001110010 0010012000 20011-
--11 02-2--1-1- {01}200101001 00-10{23}00{01}0 {01}-{23}3011111 {01}1--1--
110 10211{01}00{01}0 0200001000 0{01}01112{12}01 1{12}11{23}0002?
?????????? ?3??1-11-0 -32-00?--? 1000?0000? ?12??001?? ????0?1????
?00??1??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????
??????01?? ????1?????1 1010000111 1011?1????. ???? ??????? ??000??0??
????????? ???? ??????? ?????
'Propliopithecus chirobates' 1001110010 0010012000 20011-
--11 02-2--1-1- {01}200101001 00-1030000 1-33011111 {01}1--1--110
10211{01}00{01}0 0200001000 0001112101 1111{23}0002? ?????????? ?3???????0
??2??????? ????0?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????
????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????1?????1
1010000111 1011?1????. ???? ??????? ??000??0?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????
;
ENDBLOCK;

BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS;

OPTIONS DEFTYPE=UNORD POLYTCOUNT=MINSTEPS;

TYPESET * default = ORD: 1 5 - 7 9 - 11 14 - 17 22 - 23 31 - 37 41
- 42 52 - 57 60 - 66 70 - 71 79 81 - 83 87 92 - 100 105 - 107 111 - 116 119
- 120 123 - 126 132 134 136 139 - 140 150 158 - 169 172 - 173 175 - 177 180
- 189 193 - 195 198 - 199 207 - 210 216 218 232 - 233 242 245 253 261 263
265 270 - 274 277 281 - 282 284 - 286 289 291 294 296 - 297 301 - 302 308 -
312 315 317 323;
ENDBLOCK;

BEGIN NOTES;
[Taxon comments]

[Character comments]

[Character state comments]

[Attribute comments]

[Taxon pictures]

[Character pictures]

[Character state pictures]

[Attribute pictures]

ENDBLOCK;
Character-taxon-matrix

*Analysis 3:* We use a matrix with 45 taxa and 326 morphological characters based on Jaeger et al. (2019, 2020).

#NEXUS

[ File saved by NDE version 0.5.0, Thu Feb 15 17:53:16 2024 ]

BEGIN TAXA;

DIMENSIONS NTAX=45;

TAXLABELS

'Donrussellia gallica+sp.'

'Notharctus robustior'

'Adapis parisiensis'

'Cantius eppsi'

'Leptadapis magnus'

'Absarokius abotti+sp.'

'Hemiacodon gracilis'

'Shoshonius cooperi'

'Teilhardina americana'

'Xanthorhysis tabrumi'

'Tarsius spp.'

'Afrotarsius libycus'

'Afrasia djijidae'

'Eosimias spp.'

'Phenacopithecus spp.'

'Bahinia pondaungensis'

'Proteopithecus sylviae'

'Phileosimias spp.'

'Serapia eocaena'

'Apidium phiomense'

'Parapithecus fraasi'

'Qatrania wingi'

'Simonsius grangeri'

'Biretia spp.'

'Bugtipithecus inexpectans'

'Dolichocebus gaimanensis'

'Branisella boliviana'

'Callicebus moloch'

'Saimiri sciureus'

'Saguinus spp.'

'Aotus spp.'

'Myanmarpithecus yarshensis'

'Ganlea megacanina'

'Pondaungia cotteri'

'Siamopithecus eocaenus'

'Krabia minuta'

'Aegyptopithecus zeuxis'

'Taqah propliopithecid'

'Catopithecus browni'

'Oligopithecus savagei'

'Oligopithecus rogeri'

'Talahpithecus parvus'

'Propliopithecus spp.'

'Propliopithecus chirobates'

'Aseanpithecus myanmarensis'
ENDBLOCK;

BEGIN CHARACTERS;

DIMENSIONS NCHAR=326;

FORMAT DATATYPE=STANDARD MISSING=? GAP=-- SYMBOLS="012345";

CHARLABELS

[1] 'i1. Lower incisor number'

[2] 'i2. Lower incisor occlusal arrangement'

[3] 'i3. Lower incisor crown spacing'

[4] 'i4. I/2-C diastema'

[5] 'i5. I/1-2 size (ratio of I/1-2 area to M/1 area)'

[6] 'i6. I/1: I/2 proportions (ratio of I/1 area to I/2

area)'

[7] 'i7. I/1 crown width (spatulate incisors only)'

[8] 'i8. I2 crown cross-sectional shape (ratio of m-d length

to b-1 breadth)'

[9] 'i9. Lower incisors crown height (crown heights judged
from cementoenamel junction to crown tip on the buccal surface)'

[10] 'i11. Lower incisor roots'

[11] 'i12. Lower incisor crowns'

[12] 'i14. I/1 crown shape'

[13] 'i15. I/2 heel development (a lingual swelling at the
base of crown)'

[14] 'i17. Lower first incisor lingual cingulum.'

[15] 'i19. Relative size of I1 to M1 (based on occlusal

areas).'

[16] 'c1. Female C1 cross-sectional area relative to molar
cross sectional area.'

[17] 'c2. C1/1 dimorphism (square root of male C1

area/square root of female C1 area). '

[18] 'c3. C/1 cross-sectional shape.'

[19] 'c4. C/1 lingual crest development.'

[20] 'c5. Canine paracristid (not scored if species has
canine incorporated into a tooth comb). '

[21] 'c6. Canine height (females). '

[22] 'ML18. Lower canine crown.'

[23] 'ML19. Lower canine root.'

[24] 'p1. P1/1'

[25] 'p2. P/2.'

[26] 'OC1. Relative size (MDxBL) of p2 and p3'

[27] 'OC2. Relative size (MDxBL) of p2 and P2'

[28] 'p3. P/2 roots.'

[29] 'p4''. P/3 roots'

[30] 'p4". P/4 roots.'

[31] 'p5. Premolar crowding (overlapping of crowns). '

[32] 'p6. P/3 paraconid'

[33] 'OC7. P/3 paraconid height'

[34] 'p7. P/4 paraconid.'

[35] 'p9''. P/4 paraconid position (labiolingually) '

[36] 'p9'''. P/4 paraconid position (mesiodistally) '

[37] 'p11. P/3-4 cristid obliqua'

[38] 'p13. P/2 protoconid height and shape'

[39] 'p14. P/4 metaconid position'

[40] 'p15. P/2 metaconid size'

[41] 'p16. P/3 metaconid size'

[42] 'p17. P/4 metaconid size'

[43] 'p18. P/4 trigonid-configuration of lingual wall'

[44] 'p19. P/3 entoconid and lingual talonid crest'

[45] 'p20. P/4 entoconid and lingual talonid crest: '

[46] 'p21. P/4 lateral and medial protocristid'
[47] 'p22. P/3 lateral protocristid orientation'
[48] 'p23. P/4 lateral protocristid orientation'
[49] 'p24. P/3-4 posterior trigonid wall'
[50] 'p25. P/3-4 hypoconid size'
[51] 'p26. P/3-4 hypoconid (or distal terminus of oblique cristid) position'
[52] 'p27. P/4 hypocristid shearing development: '
[53] 'p28. P/2 buccal cingulum development'
[54] 'p29. Lower premolar inflation'
[55] 'p30. P/4 exodaenodonty'
[56] 'p31. P/4 talonid length (ratio of midline m-d length of trigonid to m-d length of talonid)'
[57] 'p33. Premolar orientation'
[58] 'OC 8. Lower premolar crown configuration'
[59] 'p34. P/4 anterobuccal cingulum development'
[60] 'p36. P/4 postprotoconid ridge'
[61] 'p37. P/4 postmetaconid ridge'
[62] 'p40. P/4 paraconid height'
[63] 'p41. P3-4 protoconid height'
[64] 'p42. P/3 to P/4 area'
[65] 'p43. P/4 m-d L/ b-l W'
[66] 'p44. Ratio of P/4 area to M/1 area'
[67] 'p45a. P/3 root orientation'
[68] 'p45b. P/4 root orientation'
[69] 'm4. M/3 root number'
[70] 'm6. M/2 trigonid width (ratio of buccolingual breadths of trigonid and talonid)'
[71] 'm7. M/3 trigonid width (based on relative buccolingual breadths)'
[72] 'OC3. M/1 paraconid'
[73] 'm8''. M/1 paraconid position '
[74] 'm9''. M/2 paraconid position '
[75] 'OC4. M/3 paraconid'
[76] 'm10. M/3 paraconid position '
[77] 'm8910. M/2-3 paraconid location'
[78] 'm11. M/1 parastylid (= premetacristid)'
[79] 'm12. Molar metastylids (postmetacristids)'
[80] 'm13. M/3 hypoconulid'
[81] 'm14. M/3 heel'
[82] 'm15. Molar enamel surface'
[83] 'm16. M/1 trigonid height (ratio of trigonid height to talonid height measured on the buccal aspect of the crown)'
[84] 'm17. M/1-2 cusp relief'
[85] 'm18. M/1 trigonid lingual configuration'
[86] 'm19. M/1 metaconid position'
[87] 'm20. M/2 paraconid development'
[88] 'm21. M/1-2 lateral protocristid orientation'
[89] 'm22. M/1 distal trigonid wall'
[90] 'm23. M/2 distal trigonid wall'
[91] 'm24. M/1-3 wear facet X'
[92] 'm25. M/1-2 entoconid'
[93] 'm26. M/1-2 postentoconid sulcus'
[94] 'm27. M/1 hypoconulid size'
[95] 'm28. M/2 hypoconulid size'
[96] 'm29. M/3 hypoconulid size'
[97] 'm30. M/1-2 hypoconulid position'
[98] 'm31. M/1-2 cristid obliqua development'
[99] 'm32. M/1 cristid obliqua orientation'
[100] 'm33. M/2 cristid obliqua orientation'
[101] 'm34. M/1 cristid obliqua terminus'
[102] 'm35. M/2 cristid obliqua terminus'
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>[160]</td>
      <td>'M1. M1-2/ root number'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[161]</td>
      <td>'M2. M3/ root number'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[162]</td>
      <td>'M3. M2/ shape (bl/md)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[163]</td>
      <td>'M4. Ratio of M1/ area to M2/ area'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[164]</td>
      <td>'M7''. M1-2/ metaconule'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[165]</td>
      <td>'M9. M1-2/ preprotoconule'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[166]</td>
      <td>'M10. M1/ hypocone size'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[167]</td>
      <td>'M11. M2/ hypocone size'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[168]</td>
      <td>'M12'''. M1-2/ hypocone position'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[169]</td>
      <td>'M13. M1-2/ prehypocrista development'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[170]</td>
      <td>'M14. M3/ prehypocrista development'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[171]</td>
      <td>'M15. M1/ or M2/ paraconule position'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[172]</td>
      <td>'M16. M1-2/ metaconule'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[173]</td>
      <td>'M17'''. M1-2/ mesostyle size'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[174]</td>
      <td>'M17"'. M1-2/ mesostyle position'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[175]</td>
      <td>'M20. P4/-M1/ pericone'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[176]</td>
      <td>'M22. M1-3/ lingual cingulum development'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[177]</td>
      <td>'M24. M1-2/ buccal cingulum development'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[178]</td>
      <td>'M27. M1-2/ pre-metaconule cristae'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[179]</td>
      <td>'M28. M1-2/ post-metaconule cristae'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[180]</td>
      <td>'M30. M3/ paraconule'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[181]</td>
      <td>'M31. Molar protocone lingual inflation'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[182]</td>
      <td>'M33. M2/ buccal expansion of paracone (specify which tooth)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[183]</td>
      <td>'M34. M3/ metacone'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[184]</td>
      <td>'M36. M3/ hypocone'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[185]</td>
      <td>'M37. M1/ paraconule size'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[186]</td>
      <td>'M44. M1-3/ anterior cingulum'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[187]</td>
      <td>'M46. M3/ size relative to M1/'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[188]</td>
      <td>'ML147. M1-2/ metastyle'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[189]</td>
      <td>'ML148. M1-2/ parastyle'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[190]</td>
      <td>'ML149. M1-2/ parastyle position'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[191]</td>
      <td>'ML150. M1-2/ metastyle position'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[192]</td>
      <td>'ML151. M1-3/ posterior cingulum'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[193]</td>
      <td>'ML152. M1-3/ posterior margin (waisted between buccal and lingual cusps)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[194]</td>
      <td>'ML153. M1-2/ postparacrista'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[195]</td>
      <td>'ML154. M1-2/ premetacrista'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[196]</td>
      <td>'ML155. M1-3/ protocone arrangement'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[197]</td>
      <td>'ML156. M1-2/ postprotocrista development'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[198]</td>
      <td>'ML157. M1/ postprotocrista length'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[199]</td>
      <td>'ML158. M2/ postprotocrista length'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[200]</td>
      <td>'ML159. M1/ postprotocrista direction'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[201]</td>
      <td>'ML160. M2/ postprotocrista direction'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[202]</td>
      <td>'ML161. M1/ postprotocrista terminus'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[203]</td>
      <td>'ML162. M2/ postprotocrista terminus'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[204]</td>
      <td>'ML163. M1-2/ preprotocrista'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[205]</td>
      <td>'ML164. M1/ preprotocrista connection (buccal side)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[206]</td>
      <td>'ML165. M2/ preprotocrista connection (buccal side)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[207]</td>
      <td>'ML166. M1-2/ postparaconule crista'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[208]</td>
      <td>'ML168. M1-2/ hypometacrista'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[209]</td>
      <td>'ML169. M1-2/ hypoparacrista'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[210]</td>
      <td>'MLN. Hypometaconulecrista'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[211]</td>
      <td>'CR1. Transverse septum arising from the cochlear housing'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[212]</td>
      <td>'CR2. Extent of pneumatization of anterior accessory cavity'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[213]</td>
      <td>'CR3. Pneumatization of mastoid (from epitympanic recess?)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[214]</td>
      <td>'CR4. Presence or absence of perbullar pathway'</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
[215] 'CR5. Anteroposterior location of posterior carotid foramen in bulla'

[216] 'CR6. Mediolateral position of posterior carotid foramen in bulla'

[217] 'CR7. Ventrodorsal position of the carotid foramen in the bulla'

[218] 'CR8. Position of posterior carotid foramen relative to fenestra cochleae'

[219] 'CR9. Position of the internal carotid canal relative to the fenestra cochleae'

[220] 'CR10. Position of the portion of the internal carotid/promontory artery (or its accompanying nerves) lying on the promontorium anterior to the fenestra cochleae'

[221] 'CR11. Size of stapedial and promontory canals'

[222] 'CR12. Morphology of promontory canal, when present'

[223] 'CR14. Position of ventral edge of the tympanic bone'

[224] 'CR15. The shape of the tympanic bone'

[225] 'CR16. Morphology of annular bridge'

[226] 'CR17. Encroachment of the auditory bulla on the pterygoid fossa'

[227] 'CR18. Nature of contact between the lateral pterygoid plate and the bulla wall'

[228] 'CR19. Extent of contact between the lateral pterygoid plate and the bulla wall'

[229] 'CR20. Flange of basioccipital overlapping medial bulla wall'

[230] 'CR21. Supraneural foramen'

[231] 'CR22. Patent parotid fissure'

[232] 'CR23. Size of orbits'

[233] 'CR24. Postorbital closure'

[234] 'CR25. Composition of the postorbital septum'

[235] 'CR26. Zygomatic-lacrimal contact'

[236] 'CR27. Pronounced interorbital constriction'

[237] 'CR28. Contact between lacrimal and palatine'

[238] 'CR29. Foramen rotundum'

[239] 'CR30. Position of lacrimal foramen'

[240] 'CR31. Metopic suture in adult'

[241] 'CR32. Orbital convergence'

[242] 'CR33. Posterior nasal spine'

[243] 'CR34. Posterior palatine torus'

[244] 'CR35. Pyramidal processes'

[245] 'CR36. Length of medial pterygoid plate'

[246] 'CR37. Snout length'

[247] 'CR38. Maxillary depth'

[248] 'CR39. Complete symphyseal fusion'

[249] 'CR40. Temporomandibular joint morphology'

[250] 'CR41. Entogenoid process morphology'

[251] 'CR42. Inter-incisor diastema width'

[252] 'CR43. Coronoid height relative to condyle'

[253] 'CR44. Condyle height relative to toothrow'

[254] 'CR45. Corpus robusticity'

[255] 'CR46. Zygomatico-parietal contact at pterion'

[256] 'CR48. Epitympanic crest'

[257] 'CR49. Broad ascending wing of premaxilla'

[258] 'CR50. Basioccipital stem'

[259] 'CR51. Choanal shape'

[260] 'CR52. Orientation of the mandibular symphysis'

[261] 'H1. Shape of distal edge of the humeral trochlea'

[262] 'H2. Relative heights of medial and lateral edges of humeral trochlea'

[263] 'H3. Trochleocapitular ridge'
[264] 'H4. Waisted trochlea (Minimum trochlear diameter/maximum trochlear diameter x 100)'

[265] 'H5. Width of capitulum relative to trochlea (100 x ventral capitulum width/ventral trochlear width)'

[266] 'H6. Entepicondylar foramen'

[267] 'H7. Entepicondylar foramen position'

[268] 'H8. Medial epicondyle size'

[269] 'H9. Dorsal placement of medial epicondyle'

[270] 'H10'''. Shape of the lateral edge of the dorsal

trochlea

[271] 'H10''. Shape of the medial edge of the dorsal

trochlea

[272] 'H11. Dorsoepitrochlear fossa'

[273] 'H12. Olecranon fossa shape'

[274] 'H14. Brachialis flange'

[275] 'H15. Bicipital groove morphology'

[276] 'H18. Capitular tail'

[277] 'H19. Ratio of humerus length to femur length (H/F)'

[278] 'W2. Ulnar-pisiform articulation.'

[279] 'OP1. Gluteal tuberosity'

[280] 'OP2. Position of posterior gluteal tuberosity'

[281] 'F1. Length of femoral neck'

[282] 'F2. Angle of femoral neck'

[283] 'F3. Angle of lesser trochanter'

[284] 'F4. Size of third trochanter'

[285] 'F5. Knee index (Antero-posterior diameter of distal femur/ mediolateral diameter of distal femur).'

[286] 'F6. Femoral head shape'

[287] 'F7. Anterior extension of greater trochanter'

[288] 'F8. Anterior bend of proximal femur'

[289] 'F9. Relative length of trochanteric fossa'

[290] 'F10. Presence of intertrochanteric crest'

[291] 'F11. Size of lesser trochanter'

[292] 'F12. Lateral rim of knee'

[293] 'T1''. Fusion of tibia and fibula'

[294] 'T1''. Articulation tibia/fibula'

[295] 'T3. Shape of distal surface of tibia'

[296] 'T4. Rotation of the medial malleolus'

[297] 'T5. Shape of medial malleolar articular surface'

[298] 'T6. Shape of distal tibial shaft'

[299] 'T7. Position of tibialis posterior groove'

[300] 'A1. Position of the flexor hallucis longus groove'

[301] 'A2''. Shape of talo-fibular facet.'

[302] 'A4''. Development of the talar posterior trochlear

shelf

[303] 'A5''. Talar neck length (NL/TL x 100)'

[304] 'A6. Medial talo-tibial facet'

[305] 'A7. Lateral talar trochlear asymmetry'

[306] 'A8. Talar cotylar fossa'

[307] 'A9. Width of the head of the talus (HW/HHT x 100)'

[308] 'GEB1. Talar neck angle'

[309] 'GEB2. Talar body height (HT/MTRW x 100)'

[310] 'GEB3. TW/TL x 100'

[311] 'CA1. Anterior calcaneal elongation'

[312] 'CA2. Position of the peroneal tubercle'

[313] 'CA3. Posterior calcaneal bowing'

[314] 'CA4. Calcaneo-cuboid articulation'

[315] 'N1. Length relative to width'

[316] 'N3. Morphology of the naviculocuboid articulation'

[317] 'E1. Shape of Entocuneiform/MT1 articulation'

[318] 'E2. Lateral process of entocuneiform'
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>[319]</td>
      <td>'O1. Foot axis'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[320]</td>
      <td>'O2. Toilet claw'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[321]</td>
      <td>'O3. Prehallux'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[322]</td>
      <td>'O4. Metatarsus length'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[323]</td>
      <td>'MT1. Peroneal tubercle of MTI'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[324]</td>
      <td>'MT2. Hallux length'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[325]</td>
      <td>'V1. Optic fovea'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>[326]</td>
      <td>'V2. Tapetum lucidum'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>;</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>STATELABELS</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>'three'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'two'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'one I/1 present, I/2 absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'lower incisors absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>2</td>
      <td>'Arcuate battery from lateral perspective (U-shape'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>arcade)'</td>
      <td>'cusp tips staggered (V-shaped arcade) ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>3</td>
      <td>'No spaces'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Spaces present between crowns',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>4</td>
      <td>'present'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>5</td>
      <td>'very small (&lt;0.69)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate sized (&lt;0.70, &lt;1.07)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large (&gt;1.07)',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>6</td>
      <td>'I/1 much smaller than I/2 (&lt;0.65)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'I/1 smaller than I/2 (&gt;0.65, &lt;0.82)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'I/1 almost as large as I/2 (&gt;0.83, &lt;1.00)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'I/1&gt;I/2 (&gt;1.01, &lt;1.25)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'I/1&gt;&gt;I/2 (&gt;1.25) ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>7</td>
      <td>'considerably wider (m-d) than root (spatulate)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'narrow at apex, wider than root'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'"styliform" (crown apex approximately the same width as the cervical margin) ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>8</td>
      <td>'rounded oval (&gt; 0.64)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'mesiodistally compressed (&lt; 0.64) ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>9</td>
      <td>'low crowned'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderately high crowned'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'high crowned',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>10</td>
      <td>'erect or vertical'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly procumbent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'very procumbent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>11</td>
      <td>'erect or vertical'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'procumbent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'very procumbent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>12</td>
      <td>spatulate</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'lanceolate, pointed',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>13</td>
      <td>'heel absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'heel present',</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
14
'absent to weak '
'strong but incomplete '
'strong and complete ',
15
'I/1 very small (I/1 << M/1) '
'moderately enlarged (I/1 < or = M/1) '
'grossly enlarged (I/1 > M/1) ',
16
'very small (C1/M1 < 0.40)'
'moderate (> 0.4, < 0.80)'
'large (> 0.80, < 1.20); very large (> 1.20) ',
17
'low (< 1.07)'
'moderate (> 1.07, < 1.17)'
'high (>1.17) ',
18
'rounded oval '
'mesiodistally compressed '
'buccolingually compressed ',
19
'rounded '
'sharp ',
20
'oblique to occlusal plane '
'nearly horizontal to occlusal plane '
'forms part of cropping mechanism with I/1-2 ',
21
'low, squat '
'narrow, short '
'tall, at or above tooth row ',
22
'erect or vertical '
'procumbent '
'very procumbent',
23
'erect or vertical '
'slightly procumbent '
'very procumbent',
24
'present '
'absent ',
25
'present '
'absent ',
26
'p2<<p3 (ratio<0.6)'
'p2<p3 (0.6<ratio<0.9)'
'p2> or =p3 (ratio>0.9)',
27
'P2 larger or equal to p2'
'P2 smaller than p2',
28
'single '
'double ',
29
'single '
'double ',
30
'single '
'double ',
31 'no crowding '
'slightly crowded '
'very crowded-mesial root positioned buccal to
distal root ',
32
'large '
'small '
'absent or extremely small ',
33
Low
moderate
'High (nearly as high as the protoconid)',
34
'large '
'small '
'absent or extremely small ',
35
'mesial to protoconid'
'mesiolingual, between protoconid and metaconid'
'mesial to metaconid',
36
'widely spaced from the metaconid '
'twinned with metaconid ',
37
'absent '
'weak '
'strong ',
38
'projects above protoconids of P/3-4 '
'massive, projects above protoconids of P/3-4 '
'not projecting, in line with P/3 '
'extremely short, shorter than P/3 ',
39
'close to protoconid '
'widely spaced from protoconid ',
40
'absent or trace '
'small ',
41
'absent or trace '
'small '
'large (as big as protoconid) ',
42
'absent or trace'
'small '
'large (as big as protoconid) ',
43
'closed '
'open ',
44
'absent '
'lingual talonid crest present but an entoconid does
not stand out above it '
'entoconid forms a small discrete cusp ',
45
'absent '
'lingual talonid crest present but an entoconid does
not stand out above it '
'entoconid forms a small discrete cusp ',
46
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'continuous between metaconid and protoconid<br>'discontinuous between metaconid and protoconid',</td>
      <td>47</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'transversely oriented<br>'distolingually oriented<br>'absent',</td>
      <td>48</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'transversely oriented<br>'distolingually oriented',</td>
      <td>49</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>character state]'</td>
      <td>'complete [taxa without metaconids are assigned this<br>'deeply notched',</td>
      <td>50</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large<br>'small or absent',</td>
      <td>51</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>metaconid',</td>
      <td>'distal to protoconid<br>'distal to metaconid, or between protoconid and</td>
      <td>52</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent<br>'weak<br>'strong',</td>
      <td>53</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent<br>'incomplete, broken at protoconid and hypoconid<br>'complete',</td>
      <td>54</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'not basally inflated<br>'slightly basally inflated<br>'very basally inflated',</td>
      <td>55</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'not exodaenodont<br>'slightly exodaenodont<br>'very exodaenodont',</td>
      <td>56</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>1.27, &lt; 1.61)'</td>
      <td>'extremely short or non-existent (tri:tal &gt; 1.61)<br>'short (much shorter than trigonid) (tri:tal &gt;</td>
      <td>57</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'equal or slightly shorter in length to trigonid<br>(tri:tal &gt; 0.92, &lt; 1.27)'<br>'talonid longer than trigonid (tri:tal &lt; 0.91)',</td>
      <td>58</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Crown bases vertical in lateral perspective<br>'slightly oblique<br>'strongly oblique, projecting medial over the</td>
      <td>59</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>anterior',</td>
      <td>Normal<br>Spatulate,</td>
      <td>60</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Absent or trace<br>'Strong',</td>
      <td>61</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Absent or weak<br>'Moderate<br>'Very strong',</td>
      <td>62</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Absent or weak<br>'Moderate'</td>
      <td>63</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
'Very strong ',
'low '
'moderate '
'high (nearly as high as protoconid) ',
'P/3 much lower than P/4 '
'P/3 slightly lower than P/4 '
'P/3 equal in height to P/4 '
'P/3 higher than P/4 ',
'0.45-0.59 '
'0.60-0.69 '
'0.70-0.79 '
'>0.80 ',
'<0.95 '
'>0.96 <1.14 '
'>1.15 <1.20 '
'>1.21 <1.35 '
'>1.36 <1.46 '
'>1.47 ',
'< 0.62'
'>0.63, < 0.72'
'>0.73, < 0.82'
'>0.83, < 0.92'
'>0.93, < 1.02'
'> 1.03 ',
'Aligned mesiodistally '
'Shifted laterally',
'Aligned mesioditally'
'Mesial root shifted buccally',
'one '
'two ',
'much wider than talonid (> 1.11) '
'widths similar (< 1.11, > 0.90) '
'much narrower than talonid (< 0.90) ',
'much wider than talonid (> 1.20) '
'trigonid and talonid widths similar (< 1.20-1.05) '
'trigonid narrower than talonid (< 1.05) ',
Present
Absent,
'mesiolingual, between protoconid and metaconid '
'mesial to metaconid ',
'mesiolingual, between protoconid and metaconid '
'mesial to metaconid ',
Present
Absent,
'mesiolingual, between protoconid and metaconid '
'mesial to metaconid ',
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'widely spaced from the metaconid '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'twinned with metaconid ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>77</td>
      <td>'absent '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>78</td>
      <td>'present ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>79</td>
      <td>'absent '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>80</td>
      <td>'single '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'double ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>81</td>
      <td>'absent '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'narrower than talonid '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'approximately equal in width to talonid ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>82</td>
      <td>'smooth '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly crenulated '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'highly crenulated ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>83</td>
      <td>'higher than talonid (&gt; 1.20) '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly higher than talonid (&gt; 1.10, &lt; 1.20) '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'trigonid and talonid of similar height (&lt; 1.10) ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>84</td>
      <td>'Moderate to high '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Low ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>85</td>
      <td>'Open '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'Closed ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>86</td>
      <td>'transversely aligned-lingual to protoconid '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly distolingual to protoconid ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>87</td>
      <td>'absent '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>88</td>
      <td>'runs toward metaconid '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs toward hypoflexid ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>89</td>
      <td>'complete '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'deeply notched by protoconid/metaconid sulcus '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'medial and lateral protocristid do not meet but no sulcus is visible',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>90</td>
      <td>'complete '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'deeply notched by protoconid/ metaconid sulcus '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'medial and lateral protocristid do not meet but no sulcus is visible',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>91</td>
      <td>'present '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>92</td>
      <td>'barely stands out on lingual talonid marginal crest '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'a small discrete cusp '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'a large cusp ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>93</td>
      <td>'prominent '</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'faintly visible'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>94</td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>95</td>
      <td>'large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>96</td>
      <td>'large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>97</td>
      <td>'twinned to entoconid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'near midline'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly buccal to midline',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>98</td>
      <td>'weak (rounded)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong (trenchant)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'very strong (trenchant)',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>99</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>metaconid',</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>100</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>protoconid'</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distal to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>metaconid',</td>
      <td>'reaches trigonid wall at a point distolingual to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>101</td>
      <td>'runs to base of trigonid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs part way up the distal trigonid wall'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with protoconid tip or protocristid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with metaconid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>102</td>
      <td>'runs to base of trigonid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs part way up the distal trigonid wall'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with protoconid tip or protocristid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with metaconid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>103</td>
      <td>'runs to base of trigonid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'runs part way up the distal trigonid wall'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with protoconid tip or protocristid'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'connects with metaconid',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>104</td>
      <td>'present'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'absent',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>105</td>
      <td>'absent or seen only as a trace'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'weak'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong',</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
106 'absent or seen only as a trace '
'weak '
'strong ',
107 'open '
'notched lingually but not open '
'closed ',
108 'absent '
'present (weak) '
'present (large) ',
109 'simple '
'with accessory cusp close to hypoconid ',
110 'notched '
'straight ',
111 'cusps not inflated, marginally positioned '
'slightly inflated '
'very inflated ',
112 'absent to trace '
'partial, broken at protoconid and hypoconid '
'complete ',
113 'very shallow '
'moderate '
'deep ',
114 'very shallow '
'moderate '
'deep ',
115 'M/3 much longer than M/2 (0.71-0.80) '
'M/3 longer than M/2 (0.81-0.90) '
'M/3 equal than M/2 (0.91-1.00) '
'M/3 smaller than M/2 (1.01-1.12) '
'M/3 much smaller than M/2 (> 1.13) '
'if M/3 absent',
116 '1.0-1.15'
'1.16-1.22'
'1.23-1.32'
' > 1.33 ',
117 'convergent '
'vertically sided ',
118 'transverse to hypoconid '
'distal to hypoconid ',
119 'indistinct to absent '
'weakly developed (low) '
'well-developed (strong and high) ',
120 'absent; teeth widely spaced '
'present as narrow contact '
'I2/ tightly packed against I1/, I1/ preparacrista
abbreviated ',
121 'present ' 'absent: a wide space occurs in the midline between these teeth ',
122 'present ' 'absent ',
123 'areas approximately equal (< 1.00) ' 'I1/ slightly larger than I2/ (> 1.00, < 1.40) ' 'I1/ much larger than I2/ (> 1.40) ',
124 'incisor small (< 0.50) ' 'incisor moderate (> 0.50, < 0.56) ' 'incisor large (> 0.56) ',
125 'rounded oval (< 1.05) ' 'buccolingually compressed (> 1.05, < 1.30) ' 'extremely compressed (> 1.30) ',
126 'rounded oval (< 1.05) ' 'slightly buccolingually compressed (> 1.05, < 1.30) ' 'extremely buccolingually compressed > 1.30) ',
127 'occlusal edge orthogonal to long axis of root ' 'occlusal edge wears at a steep angle to long axis of root '
'crown with pronounced mesial asymmetry (= mesial process) in unworn state ',
128 'Moderate, continuous ' 'Strong ',
129 'absent ' 'present ',
130 'absent ' 'present',
131 'oval ' 'rounded ',
132 'C1/ wears against P/1-2' 'C1/ wears against P/2' 'C1/ wears against P/2-3' 'C1/ wears against P/3 ',
133 'shallow or absent ' 'deep ',
134 'weak or absent ' 'strong ' 'very strong ',
135 present absent,
136 one 'two ' 'three ',
137 'two ' 'three ',
138 'two ' 'three ',
139 'P2/ much smaller (< 0.85) ' 'P2/ smaller (> 0.85, < 0.95) ' 'P2/ equal (> 0.95) ' 'Clearly larger',
140 'P4 << M1 (<0.66) ' 'P4< M1 (> 0.66, < 0.76) ' 'P4 = M1 (0.77-1.05) ' 'P4 > M1 (> 1.06) ',
141 'triangular ' 'suboval with the long axis b-l ' 'suboval with the long axis m-d ' 'round ',
142 'Suboval (with roughly mesiodistal long axis) ' 'Triangular (buccal lobe much wider than lingual lobe) '
'Trapezoid (tooth buccolingually extended with buccal lobe wider than lingual lobe) '
'Rectangular (tooth buccolingually extended with lingual lobe as wide as buccal lobe) '
'Squared (tooth as wide as long with buccal lobe as wide as lingual lobe)',
143 Triangular Trapezoid Rectangular Squared,
144 'trigon > = talon ' 'trigon < talon ',
145 'present ' 'absent ',
146 absent present,
147 'low relative to paracone ' 'high relative to paracone ',
148 'present ' absent,
149 absent present,
150 'large ' 'small ' 'absent ',
151 'present ' 'absent ',
152 'absent ' 'present ',
153 'strong ' 'weak, short ',
154 'smoothly rounded ' 'waisted between buccal and lingual cusps ',
155 'absent or weak ' 'strong ',
156 'absent ' 'present ',
157 'absent or weak ' 'strong ',
158 'minute to absent ' 'present but small ' 'strong ',
159 'minute to absent ' 'present but small ' 'strong ',
160 'three, three ' 'three, two ' 'two, two',
161 'three ' 'two ' 'one ',
162 'very transverse (> 1.65) ' 'transverse (< 1.65, > 1.30) ' 'squared (< 1.30) ',
163 'M1 >> M2 (> 1.40) ' 'M1 > M2 (< 1.40, > 1.0) ' 'M1 < M2 (< 1.0) ',
164 'absent ' 'single ' double,
165 absent 'weak ' 'strong ',
166 'large ' 'small ' 'minute to absent ',
167 'large ' small 'minute to absent ',
168 'distal, far lingual to protocone ' 'distal, slightly lingual to protocone '
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'distal, slightly buccal to protocone ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>169</td>
      <td>'absent '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'weak '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong, reaches to postprotocrista, encloses the talon lingually. ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>170</td>
      <td>absent</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong, reaches to postprotocrista, encloses the talon lingually',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>171</td>
      <td>'attached to preprotocrista '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'unattached to preprotocrista ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>172</td>
      <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>173</td>
      <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>moderate</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>174</td>
      <td>'attached to ectocrista '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'present on buccal cingulum ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>175</td>
      <td>'absent '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>176</td>
      <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'weak, broken '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong, complete ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>177</td>
      <td>'absent to indistinct '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'weak '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>178</td>
      <td>'absent or weak '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>179</td>
      <td>'absent or weak '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'strong ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>180</td>
      <td>'absent '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small-moderate '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>large,</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>181</td>
      <td>'not inflated '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slightly inflated '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'very inflated ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>182</td>
      <td>'no expansion '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'slight expansion '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'considerable expansion ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>183</td>
      <td>'absent or very small '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'moderate (but smaller than paracone) '</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'large (equal to paracone) ',</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>184</td>
      <td>'absent or very small '</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
'small '
'large ',
185
'absent '
'small-moderate (smaller than paracone) '
'large (nearly as large as or larger than paracone)
',
186
'strong, complete, long (connected to parastyle) '
'strong, short '
'weak or absent ',
187
'very small (half the size of M1/ or less) '
'small (two thirds) '
'large (approximately as large) ',
188
'indistinct to absent '
'moderate '
'strong ',
189
'indistinct to absent '
'moderate '
'strong ',
190
'mesial to paracone '
'mesiobuccal to paracone ',
191
'distal to metacone '
'distobuccal to metacone ',
192
'moderate, does not reach the metastyle / the
distobuccal corner of the tooth'
'connected to metastyle / reaches the distobuccal
corner of the tooth',
193
'indistinct to absent '
'present but shallow '
'present, deep ',
194
'indistinct to absent '
'weakly developed '
'well developed (but well-marked notch between
postparacrista and premetacrista) '
'strongly elevated (weak notch between
postparacrista and premetacrista)',
195
'indistinct to absent '
'weakly developed '
'well developed (but well-marked notch between
premetacrista and postparacrista) '
'strongly elevated (weak notch between premetacrista
and postparacrista)',
196
'normal position '
'oblique ',
197
'strong '
'tiny ',
198
'indistinct to absent '
'short '
199 'long ',
'indistinct to absent '
'short '
'long ',
200 'transverse, directed toward metaconule (or virtual
metaconule emplacement) '
'lateral, directed toward the lingual posterior
cingulum (post-protocone fold-like) ',
201 'transverse, directed toward metaconule (or virtual
metaconule emplacement) '
'lateral, directed toward lingual posterior cingulum
(post-protocone fold-like) ',
202 'runs to base of metacone (with hypometacrista) '
'runs to metaconule (at the level of the small or
virtual metaconule) '
'runs to posterior cingulum '
'limited at a point distal to protocone ',
203 'runs to base of metacone (with hypometacrista) '
'runs to metaconule (at the level of the small or
virtual metaconule) '
'runs to posterior cingulum '
'limited at a point distal to protocone ',
204 'low '
'elevated ',
205 'connected to parastyle (by way of preparaconule
crista) '
'connected to paraconule (or near to it or to a
virtual paraconule) ',
206 'connected to parastyle (by way of preparaconule
crista) '
'connected to paraconule (or near to it or to a
virtual paraconule) ',
207 'indistinct to absent '
'moderate '
'well-developed (connected to paracone)',
208 'absent '
'weakly developed (low and short) '
'well-developed (high) ',
209 'absent '
'weakly developed (short) '
'well-developed (high) ',
210 'indistinct to absent '
'moderate (not connected to protocone) '
'well-developed (connected to protocone or
postprotocrista) ',
211 'absent'
'present and forming the lateral wall of an anterior
accessory cavity pneumatized from the tympanic cavity'
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>227</td>
      <td>'absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>228</td>
      <td>'laminar'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>229</td>
      <td>'abutting', 'slight'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>230</td>
      <td>'very extensive', 'Absent or minimal'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>zygomatic arch'</td>
      <td>'extensive', 'Present, small and in the posterior root of the'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>meatus',</td>
      <td>'Present, large, and above the external auditory'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>231</td>
      <td>'Present'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>232</td>
      <td>'Absent', 'Small'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>233</td>
      <td>'Large'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>234</td>
      <td>'Extremely large', 'None'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>235</td>
      <td>'Present'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>236</td>
      <td>'Absent', 'absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>237</td>
      <td>'Present below olfactory tract', 'separated by a large fronto-maxillary contact (and in some taxa, a small os planum of the ethmoid)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>238</td>
      <td>'separated by a large os planum', 'Absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>239</td>
      <td>'Present', 'outside orbital margin'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>240</td>
      <td>'within the orbit or on the rim', 'unfused'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>241</td>
      <td>'fused', 'low (less convergent than primates)'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>242</td>
      <td>'moderate high'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>243</td>
      <td>'Very high', 'Reduced or absent'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'small but distinct'</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td></td>
      <td>'robust and long', 'present'</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
'absent',
244
'Medially placed'
'Laterally placed',
245
'long medial pterygoid plate extending one-third to
one half of the distance to the anterior surface of the bulla'
'short but distinct from lateral pterygoid plate for
its entire dorsoventral extent'
'medial pterygoid plate entirely absent, or reduced
to a low rugosity',
246
'Long snout'
'Short snout',
247
'deep'
'shallow',
248
'absent'
'present',
249
'biconcave and transversely wide'
'anteroposteriorly oriented trough',
250
'weak or absent'
'strong',
251
'broad and wider than that of extant haplorhines'
'narrow, haplorhine-like',
252
'very far above'
'slightly above or equal',
253
'at level of tooth row'
'slightly above'
'well above tooth row',
254
'shallow'
'deep',
255
'no postorbital closure'
'zygomatico-parietal contact'
'alisphenoid-frontal contact',
256
'absent'
'present',
257
'narrow'
'broad',
258
'narrow'
'broad',
259
'narrow'
'broad',
260
'symphysis procumbent'
'symphysis erect',
261
'cylinder, distal edge perpendicular to shaft'
'distal edge somewhat angled to shaft'
<table>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>'distal edge very angled',</td>
      <td>262</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'subequal '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'medial edge more flared than lateral edge ',</td>
      <td>263</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'absent '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'weak but distinct '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'moderately distinct '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'very distinct ',</td>
      <td>264</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>&gt; 70 (unwaisted) '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>&lt;= 70 (waisted) ',</td>
      <td>265</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>&lt; 100 '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'between 100 and 140 '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'140-200 '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>&gt;200 ',</td>
      <td>266</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'present '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'variable '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'absent ',</td>
      <td>267</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'above medial epicondyle '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'above ventral trochlea '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'above dorsal trochlea ',</td>
      <td>268</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'reduced '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'prominent ',</td>
      <td>269</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'parallel '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'slight dorsal angle'</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'large dorsal angle ',</td>
      <td>270</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'not pronounced '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'moderately pronounced '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'very pronounced',</td>
      <td>271</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'not pronounced'</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'moderately pronounced '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'very pronounced ',</td>
      <td>272</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'present (strong) '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'small, shallow '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'absent ',</td>
      <td>273</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'Shallow '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'Moderate '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Deep,</td>
      <td>274</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'broad '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>moderate</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'narrow ',</td>
      <td>275</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'shallow '</td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'deep ',</td>
      <td>276</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'ventral articular width &lt;2.5 times the ventral capitular width '},td>
      <td></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>'ventral articular width &gt; 2.5 times the ventral capitular width ',</td>
      <td>277</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
small
'moderate '
'extensive ',
295
'square/parallel '
'triangular ',
296
'none '
'slight '
'strong ',
297
flat
'anteriorly convex, posteriorly flat '
'all convex ',
298
'no compression '
'anteroposteriorly compressed ',
299
'on medial side of malleolus '
'on posterior side of malleolus ',
300
'lateral to trochlea '
'central to trochlea ',
301
'steep-sided'
'steep-sided with a platar lip '
'sloped obliquely ',
302
none
'weakly developed'
'well developed (prominent) ',
303
'short (<50) '
'long (>50) ',
304
'short (does not reach to plantar edge of bone) '
'long,
305
'absent '
'present ',
306
'shallow '
'dep, medially projecting ',
307
'<120 '
'>120 ',
308
'< 20°'
'20-30°'
'> 30°',
309
'<100 '
'100-120 '
'120-150 ',
310
'<60 '
'>60 ',
311
'not elongate (ACL or anterior calcaneal ratio < 40) '
'moderate (ACL >= 40-45) '
'long (>45) ',
312
' distal to joint'
'at joint '
'proximal to joint ',
313
'Absent '
'Present ',
314
' articular wedge absent (fan-shaped) '
' articular wedge present (more circular) ',
315
'Short (<90) '
'moderate (100-150) '
'long( >150) ',
316
'cuboid facet on navicular contacts only the
ectocuneiform'
'cuboid facet contacts the ectocuneiform and
mesocuneiform facet',
317
'dorsally reduced'
'dorsal moiety of joint enlarged relative to ventral
moiety'
'dorsal moiety greatly enlarged',
318
small
'hypertrophied ',
319
'mesaxonic '
'paraxonic
'ectaxonic ',
320
'absent '
'present ',
321
'present '
'absent ',
322
'short '
'long ',
323
'very large '
'large '
'small ',
324
'short '
'long ',
325
'absent '
'present ',
326
'present '
'absent ',

;
MATRI X

'Donrussellia gallica+sp.' ?1?1?????? ??????????
???00??111 02?1101?1? 011?10?101 02?00{12}0?12 001?530011 1011010010
1000011000 1222202211 3(12)11221001 {01}122{01}{23}101? ??????????
???????1?1 ?21-000??22 1101001000 012{01}022-00 0{01}0-02{12}000 002?112010
-10111100 -13110000 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0??
1111?0?210 2110?????? 1020?1??11 2????101?? ??1010???0 110(01) (12)02111
1011010?1? 2112200001 0002011011 101000(01)221 01010021?? ???011
'Parapithecus fraasi' ?00101{01}000 001201?000
200102?011 02?2--0100 1110011110 1012020000 0-22231100 01--1--011
1021110111 0200011011 1001111201 212120000? ?????????? ??????????
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????1
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
'Qatrania wingi' 2????????? ??????????
???0?0?011 0??2211?0? ?11?01?111 10?0120000 00??(01)0?110 000-1--000
1011010000 1200011010 0001{01}11201 212101001? ?????????? ??????????
?????????? ??????????0 ?1?100?10? 020-02000? 1???10???? ?10??000?0
??01?0??0 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
'Simonsius grangeri' 3---------- ----1?000
20010??011 01?1000100 1110011011 0001020001 1023021110 00--1--010
1021110111 0200021100 0001111101 111120001? ?????????? ?1??011101 1?2-
000000 1000000000 0211000100 120-02(12)001 1100110010 010110?00? ???1000010
1111001??? 2110?0110? ?02011??11 2011010101 1?102?0101 ??????????
?????1??1? ?????????? ?????????? ????000??? ?????????? ????11
'Biretia spp.' ?????????? ??????????
???01?011 02?2--1?10 0110111101 0020?10010 0-233?1111 00001-0000
1010(01)01000 ?20110(01)110 0001112101 0111(23)2101? ?????????? ????021111
132-000002 0110000110 0121000100 020-021001 0110111010 010110100?
0?110001(01)0 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
'Bugtipithecus inexpectans' ?????????? ??????????
?????????1 ????2--0?1? ?11?10?001 00??01?000 1-??3???1? 21-?1--020
101011?00? ?223?1?10? 0?01111001 111??1112? ?????????? ???????1?? ??1-
?00??2 01000?00?0 ?2?100012? 010-02100? 00??00?110 01{01}1100220 0111110120
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????
'Dolichocebus gaimanensis' 1?????000? 0011?12000
2??10???000 12?2--1201 1211201101 0002000000 2-?301--?1 ?01-??000?
?020110000 12022?1110 12?12?1101 1111?010?1? 000?100000 01110100?0 0?2-
000?02 0110100110 1{01}2000011? 000-021000 0111110110 0101100110 0331000200
?0????????? ?????????? ?02??????? ???????1?? ?????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ??????????0 ????0?????? ?????????? ????11
'Branisella boliviana' 110111?1?0 0?0?01?00?
?001021000 02?2--0210 1211200001 1101010000 1-2200--11 11--1--110
0011110000 1222221000 1101212000 101130101? ?????????? ????000000 ?32-
001??2 0110100000 1110000000 000-{01}20000 0000020120 0101100100 0131000100
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????1?? ?????????1 ???? ??????
?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????
'Callicebus moloch' 1001011110 0010010000
2001020000 02?2--0210 2201200001 -100020012 1-2300--01 11------02-
0021110000 1211131100 2221211100 0010301011 0011100110 1102010010 132-
000002 1000100110 1{12}10000121 -00-020000 0001010010 -102200110 0331000210
1111011210 2110-00-00 1020112111 2011210101 1021100101 10{12}{01}22-111
10120??00? 2012100000 2001011001 1010??1210 110?002110 012011
'Saimiri sciureus' 1000210000 0012022000
0001021000 02?2--0210 2202200001 0001010000 1-230{23}--0{01} 01------11-
0020110000 122{23}{23}31110 0011222001 1121301011 0022100100 111201002{12}
132-001102 1000100001 1110000110 -00-12{01}000 0{01}11010110 0101100210
0111000210 1111011210 2110-00-0{02} 1020112111 2111110100 1121100101
102{01}{23}001{12}1 10120120{01}0 1{01}12100000 2001011001 1010001110
21?1002110 012011
'Saguinus spp.' 1000220000 0012020000
2001021000 02?2--1110 2201100001 0021121001 1-33{01}2---1 -1------11--
020110000 122{23}{23}-1100 00-12-2001 1111-31121 0022120000 1110100{12}1
{01}{23}2-000102 101{01}000001 -{01}01022--- 010-02{12}00- 10--12-{01}10
0101100220 0111000100 1011011110 2110-00-00 1020112111 2111110100
1121100101 ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIII
'Aotus spp.' 1001120000 0012010000
2001021000 02?2--1211 2201{12}0000{01} 0100020001 1-2{23}0{12}--01 11------
01- 0020100000 122333-100 2221{12} {01}2001 0011301011 0022200100
11010100{12} {01} {01}32-001002 1000000001 22{12}0000121 -00-000000
011102100- -101100110 0111110220 1111011110 2110-00-00 1120112111
2111110101 1121101101 {01}01{01}{23}101{01}1 101201?0{01}0 2012100010
2002011001 1010001210 11?1002110 012011
'Myanmarpithecus yarshensis' ????UIIIIIII ????UIII?0??
200101?01? 212????2?0 0??1?1?1?0? ??01??{12}1?? ????UIIIII 11 2??-1--?10
12?0??00?0 122?31-0?0 ?121112001 1 (01)?10?112? ????UIIIIIII ????UIII?10 ??2-
?01??1 1100000000 02210111?? 0111011000 1020101110 0101110110 0111110100
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIII?0?? ??1?????? ????UIIIIIII
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIII
'Ganlea megacanina' 1??101?010 0?0?02?00?
2001010011 1121001?0? 0111211100 01?1111101 0233121011 21--1--120
1211110000 122330-000 1121112001 1010101120 1012111?10 02??001100 ??2-
000??2 01100?00?0 022{01}0111{12}0 0{01}0-02{12}000 1110002010 -102200220
0111000110 ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ?01-11??11 2????100?? 1??10?1??1
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
'Pondaungia cotteri' 1?0103?0?0 ????02?0??
200101?011 02-2--(12)200 1100(12)01000 0101121101 0-2(23) (01)01011 (01)00-
1--110 1211111011 022{23}{23}0{12}000 1{12}2111 (12) {01}01 (12)100 (012)00021
??22?0000 0101001101 332-000??1 0100000000 012 (01)01021? -1 (01)10 (12)100?
121?001010 -101110111 1331110220 ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
????110?? ??11?????1 ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
1010001211 ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIII
'Siamopithecus eocaenus' ????UIIIIIII ????UIII?000
20010??011 02-2--1?0? 0110100001 01?1111000 1-23(12)21011 01--1--000
1121100000 1122212000 1121212001 200000002? ????UIIIIIII ?1??001101 ?22-
100??2 (01)00000000 1010111121 -00-000000 220101100- -101110111
13310002(12)0 ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ?02?1???1? 2????100?? ??1?????1
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
'Krabia minuta' ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
'Aegyptopithecus zeuxis' 1000010010 0011012000
20011---11 02-2--1-1- 0200101001 00-1030010 1-33011111 11--1--010
10211000 (01) (01) 0200001000 0011111201 111010002? ????UIIIIIII 03111-11-1 -
32-001--2 1100100220 0121100100 010-021000 1200{01}12010 -101000100
0111000110 101?011210 2110?00?00 102011??11 3211100101 1121201101
1010 (01)00111 1011012?01 ?0?(12)0?0??0 ??00?????1 1000111211 0101??21??
0?2011
'Taqah propliopithecid' ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
??11---11 02-2--1-1- 0201101001 11?1?20001 1-33121111 11--1--010
1021110000 0100001010 1011112001 111020001? ????UIIIIIII ????UIII?010 ?32-
001??2 0100100000 ?12000111? ?00-12100? (01)2??02?010 -101100210 0111000110
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIIIII
'Catopithecus browni' 1?0??10010 001??12000 20011-
--11 0101210-1- 0210101001 11-0020001 1122111111 10001-1010 1010101000
1211110100 0001112001 0110301011 0000110100 0310101101 -21-000--2
0101101000 0120011100 -011022000 10100 (01)1110 1111100220 0111000110
??1?001210 ??10????00 10?01??11 2?1??10001 1020??1100 101?000111
1011?12?01 1210?00000 0????????1 1010110211 ????UIIIIIII ????UIIIII
[Character pictures]

[Character state pictures]

[Attribute pictures]

ENDBLOCK;

## SOM References

Jaeger, J.-J., Chavasseau, O., Lazzari, V., Soe, A.N., Sein, C., Le Maître, A., Shwe, H., Chaimanee, Y., 2019. New Eocene primate from Myanmar shares dental characters with African Eocene crown anthropoids. Nature comm. 10, 3531.

Jaeger, J.-J., Sein, C., Gebo, D.L., Chaimanee, Y., Nyein, M.T., Oo, T.Z., Aung, M.M., Suraprasit, K., Rugbumrung, M., Lazzari, V., Soe, A.N., Chavasseau, O., 2020. Amphipithecine primates are stem anthropoids: cranial and postcranial evidence. Proc R. Soc., B 287, 20202129.

Seiffert, E.R., Boyer, D.M., Fleagle, J.G., Gunnell, G.F., Heesy, C.P., Perry, J.M.G., Sallam, H.M., 2018. New adapiform primate fossils from the late Eocene of Egypt. Hist. Biol. 30:204–226.