## La commission européenne présente son plan d'actions "Zero pollution" à l'horizon 2050

Dans une communication finale, la Commission présente au Parlement européen, au conseil, au comité économique et social européen, et au Comité des région un Plan d'action de l'UE : "Vers une pollution zéro pour l'air, l'eau et le sol" : Voie vers une planète saine pour tous.

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## REGLEMENTATION / DROIT

### Produits phytopharmaceutiques : AMM d'une durée maximale de 120 jours délivrées par le ministère dans des situations d'urgence phytosanitaire

Dans le cadre de la loi d'avenir pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la forêt (LAAAF) du 13 octobre 2014, le ministère chargé de l'Agriculture reste compétent pour délivrer, dans des situations d'urgence phytosanitaire, des autorisations de mise sur le marché d'une durée maximale de 120 jours. Ces décisions sont rendues publiques sur le site du ministère durant leur période de validité. [...]

Liste des cultures concernées : cf l'article

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### Alternatives aux phytosanitaires : un arrêté facilite le recours aux substances naturelles

Décoctions, extraits de plantes obtenus par pression ou macération, purins... Les techniques utilisées à partir de plantes pour stimuler les processus naturels des plantes ou du sol sont nombreuses. [...] Elles peuvent constituer un appoint ou une alternative aux traitements phytosanitaires destinés à soigner les maladies des plantes.

L'arrêté signé par le ministre de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation et publié le 17 juin au Journal Officiel constitue une avancée importante pour faciliter l'utilisation de ces recettes traditionnelles ou innovantes à base de plantes. Le texte réglementaire définit le cahier des charges à respecter pour la fabrication, la commercialisation et l'utilisation des préparations naturelles à usage biostimulant produites à partir de parties consommables de plantes. [...]

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### Périodes d'approbation des substances actives «Adoxophyes orana granulovirus» et «flutriafol»

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2021/726 DE LA COMMISSION du 4 mai 2021 modifiant le règlement d'exécution (UE) no 540/2011 en ce qui concerne les périodes d'approbation des substances actives «Adoxophyes orana granulovirus» et «flutriafol»

Numéro officiel : UE/2021/726

Date de signature : 04/05/2021

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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# AVIS / EXPERTISES / NORMES

## Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance carbon dioxide

### Commission Implementing Regulation (EU)

No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659, lays down the procedure for the renewal of the approval of active substances submitted under Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. The list of those substances is established in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 686/2012 as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2016/183. Carbon dioxide is one of the active substances listed in that Regulation. [...]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6605

## Des solutions alternatives aux néonicotinoïdes pour lutter contre la jaunisse dans les cultures de betteraves

### ANSES 02/06/21

Dans une mise à jour de son avis de 2018 sur les alternatives aux néonicotinoïdes, l'Anses a identifié vingt-deux solutions pour lutter contre les pucerons et la maladie de la jaunisse dans les cultures de betteraves sucrières. Ces moyens de lutte pourraient prendre le relais des produits à base de néonicotinoïdes, interdits depuis 2018, mais dont l'utilisation a été réintroduite par dérogation en 2020 pour les traitements des semences de betteraves. Ces solutions alternatives qui présentent des efficacités correctes mais insuffisantes en utilisation seule, nécessiteront une approche de lutte intégrée pour atteindre une efficacité suffisante, voire une évolution des pratiques culturales. [...]

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## A systems-based approach to the environmental risk assessment of multiple stressors in honey bees

### EFSA 20/05/21

The European Parliament requested EFSA to develop a holistic risk assessment of multiple stressors in honey bees. To this end, a systems-based approach that is composed of two core components: a monitoring system and a modelling system are put forward with honey bees taken as a showcase. [...]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6607

## Pesticide risk assessment of the active substance *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* strain IT-45 : peer review

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IT-45 and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IT-45 as a fungicide on citrus (field use, application to soil via drip irrigation systems).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6594
# Incendie Lubrizol et NL Logistique : bilan des mesures de polluants et d'odeurs dans l'air ambiant et retombées atmosphériques

ATMO Normandie, 07/05/2021

Atmo Normandie publie aujourd'hui, vendredi 7 mai 2021, son rapport final concernant l'incendie de Lubrizol/Normandie Logistique du 26 septembre 2019. [...]

Ce rapport revient sur la chronologie de l'intervention d'Atmo Normandie, détaille les résultats des mesures effectuées entre le 26 septembre 2019 et le 1er octobre 2020 et dresse les perspectives.

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# Review of the existing MRL for valifenalate according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005

According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide valifenalate. To assess the occurrence of valifenalate residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Commission Regulation (EU) No 188/2011, as well as European authorisations reported by Member States and the UK (including the supporting residues data). [...] Although no apparent risk to consumers was identified, some information required by the regulatory framework was missing. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and one MRL proposal derived by EFSA still requires further consideration by risk managers.

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# PUBLICATIONS DU RESEAU ECOTOX

## Impact of repeated irrigation of lettuce cultures with municipal wastewater on soil bacterial community diversity and composition

**Authors:** Gallego S, Brienza M, Beguet J, Chiron S, Martin-Laurent F

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH Early Access, 2021, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14734-4

**Abstract:** The effect of wastewater irrigation on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities of soil mesocosms planted with lettuces was studied over an experiment made of five cultivation campaigns. A limited effect of irrigation with either raw or treated wastewater was observed in both alpha-diversity and beta-diversity of soil bacterial communities. However, the irrigation with wastewater fortified with a complex mixture of fourteen relevant chemicals at 10 mu g/L each, including pharmaceutical, biocide, and pesticide active substances, led to a drift in the composition of soil bacterial community. One hundred operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified as responsible for changes between treated and fortified wastewater irrigation treatments...

## Assessment of pesticides volatilization potential based on their molecular properties using the TyPol tool

**Authors:** Mamy L, Bonnot K, Benoit P, Bockstaller C et al.
**Source:** JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 415: 125613, 2021, **DOI:** 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125613

**Abstract:** Following treatment, amounts of pesticides can reach the atmosphere because of spray drift, volatilization from soil or plants, and/or wind erosion. Monitoring and risk assessment of air contamination by pesticides is a recent issue and more insights on pesticide transfer to atmosphere are needed. Thus, the objective of this work was to better understand and assess pesticides emission potential to air through volatilization. The TyPol tool was used to explore the relationships between the global, soil and plant volatilization potentials of 178 pesticides, and their molecular properties. The outputs of TyPol were then compared to atmospheric pesticide concentrations monitored in various French regions. TyPol was able to discriminate pesticides that were observed in air from those that were not. Clustering considering parameters driving the emission potential from soil (sorption characteristics) or plant (lipophilic properties), in addition to vapor pressure, allowed better discrimination of the pesticides than clustering considering all parameters for the global emission potential...

## Evaluation of trace metal accumulation in six vegetable crops intercropped with phytostabilizing plant species, in a French urban wasteland

**Authors:** Laffray X, Toulaib K, Balland-Bolou-Bi C, Bagard et al.

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH Early Access, 2021, **DOI:** 10.1007/s11356-021-14512-2

**Abstract:** The extensive development of agriculture in urban and peri-urban wastelands polluted with several trace elements (TE) poses risks to human health through contaminated food

products. The objective was to explore the accumulation of TE in the various parts of vegetable crop plants (tomato, French bean, radish, potato, spinach, and leek) intercropped with phytostabilizing plant species (ryegrass and white clover, respectively). Field studies were conducted in a multicontaminated French urban wasteland with Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, and an alkaline soil pH. Analyses of the respective non-edible parts of monocultured vegetable crops showed accumulation of all TE, mostly Zn, then Pb and Cu, and finally Cd...

## Molecular bases of P450-mediated resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in the mosquito *Ae. Aegypti*

**Authors:** Zoh MG, Gaude T, Prud'homme SM, Riaz MA, David JP, Reynaud S

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 236: 105860, 2021, **DOI:** 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105860

**Abstract:** Resistance to chemical insecticides including pyrethroids, the main insecticide class used against mosquitoes, has re-kindled interest in the use of neonicotinoids. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize the molecular basis of neonicotinoid resistance in the mosquito *Aedes aegypti*. Resistance mechanisms were studied by combining transcriptomic and genomic data obtained from a laboratory strain selected at the larval stage after 30 generations of exposure to imidacloprid (Imida-R line). After thirty generations of selection, larvae of the Imida-R line showed an 8-fold increased resistance to imidacloprid and a significant cross-tolerance to the pyrethroids permethrin and deltamethrin...
## Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

**Authors:** Phillips HRP, Bach EM, Bartz MLC, Bennett JM et al.

**Source:** SCIENTIFIC DATA 8(1): 136, 2021, DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00912-z

**Abstract:** Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by Authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site...

## Quantifying pesticide emission fractions for tropical conditions

**Authors:** Gentil-Sergent C, Basset-Mens C, Gaab J, Mottes C et al.

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 275: 130014, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130014

**Abstract:** The inventory model 'PestLCI Consensus', originally developed for temperate conditions, estimates initial pesticide emission fractions to air, to off-field surfaces by drift deposition, and to field crop and field soil surfaces according to crop foliar interception characteristics. Since crop characteristics and application techniques differ in tropical conditions, these aspects need to be included in the model in support of evaluating pesticide emissions under tropical conditions. Based on published literature, a consistent set of crop foliar

interception fractions was developed as function of crop characteristics and spraying techniques for tropical crops...

## The Isotopic Signature of Lead Emanations during the Fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France

**Authors:** Glorennec P, Azema A, Durand S, Ayrault S et al.

**Source:** INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 18(10): 5420, 2021, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105420

**Abstract:** When Notre Dame de Paris cathedral caught fire on 15 April 2019, lead particles were deposited in its surroundings. Our objective was to determine whether the lead plume had a homogeneous isotopic signature (i.e., a set of homogenous isotopic ratios), and whether, if so, this was different from common Sources. In January 2020, dust samples were collected from six areas inside the cathedral, downwind of the fire, as well as from eight roof debris fragments. These samples were mineralized and analyzed using ICP-MS. Their isotopic ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb) were determined and then compared both to each other and to previous published ratios measured in home dusts and blood samples collected in France...

## New perspectives on the calculation of bioaccumulation metrics for active substances in living organisms

**Authors:** Ratier A, Lopes C, Multari G, Mazerolles V et al.

**Source:** INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT Early access, 2021, DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4439
**Abstract:** Today, only few ready-to-use and convenient decision-making tools are available in ecotoxicology concerning accumulation and effects of chemical substances on organisms, accounting for exposure situations that are known to be complex (routes of exposure, metabolism, mixtures, etc.). This paper presents new perspectives on the generic calculation of bioaccumulation metrics via the innovative web tool MOSAIC(bioacc) (http://mosaic.univ-lyon1.fr/bioacc). MOSAIC(bioacc) provides all kinds of bioaccumulation metrics associated with their uncertainty whatever the species-compound combination...

## Impact of cadmium on forage kale (Brassica oleracea var. viridis cv "Prover") after 3-, 10- and 56-day exposure to a Cd-spiked field soil

**Authors:** Bernard F, Dumez S, Lemiere S, Platel A et al.

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 28(20): 25060-25068, 2021, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1636-8

**Abstract:** Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for living organisms and is widespread in metal-contaminated soils. As organisms which can grow up on these polluted areas, plants have some protection mechanisms against Cd issues. Among the plant kingdom, the Brassicaceae family includes species which are known to be able to tolerate and accumulate Cd in their tissues. In this study, Brassica oleracea var. viridis cv "Prover" was exposed to a range of artificially Cd-contaminated soils (from 2.5 up to 20 mg kg(-1)) during 3, 10, and 56 days and the effects on life traits, photosynthesis activity, antioxidant enzymatic activities were studied. Metal accumulation was quantified, as well as DNA damage, by means of the comet assay and immunodetection of 8-OHdG levels...

## Origin, fate and ecotoxicity of manganese from legacy metallurgical wastes

**Authors:** Petitjean Q, Choulet F, Walter-Simonnet AV, Mariet AL, Laurent H et al.

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 277: 130337, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130337

**Abstract:** Over the course of history, mining and metallurgical activities have influenced the socioeconomic development of human populations. However, these past and current activities can also lead to substantial environmental contamination by various metals. Here, we used an interdisciplinary approach (incorporating archaeology, mineralogy, environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology) to investigate the origin, fate and potential ecotoxicity of anomalous manganese (Mn) concentrations detected in the ancient mining district of Berthelange (medieval period, eastern France). Mineralogical investigations of slag samples showed that smelting temperature conditions in medieval bloomeries led to the production of slags mainly composed of Fe- and Mn-rich olivine, i.e., fayalites. Further mineralogical analyses of bulk soil and clay fractions allowed us to identify the presence of serpentine...

## Phase Transfer and Biodegradation of Pesticides in Water-Sediment Systems Explored by Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis and Conceptual Modeling

**Authors:** Droz B, Drouin G, Maurer L, Villette C, Payraudeau S, Imfeld G

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 55(8): 4720-4728, 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06283
**Abstract:** Current approaches are often limited to evaluating the contribution of pesticide dissipation processes in water-sediment systems as both degradation and phase transfer, that is, sorption-desorption, contribute to the apparent decrease of pesticide concentration. Here, the dissipation of widely used herbicides acetochlor and S-metolachlor was examined in laboratory by water-sediment microcosm experiments under oxic and anoxic conditions. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) emphasized insignificant carbon isotope fractionation in the sediment, indicating prevailing pesticide degradation in the water phase. Conceptual modeling accounting for phase transfer and biodegradation indicated that biodegradation may be underestimated when phase transfer is not included. Phase transfer does not affect carbon isotope fractionation for a wide spectrum of molecules and environmental conditions, underscoring the potential of pesticide CSIA as a robust approach to evaluate degradation in water-sediment systems...

## Simple models efficiently predict free cadmium Cd2+ in the solutions of low-contaminated agricultural soils

**Authors:** Viala Y, Sappin-Didier V, Bussiere S, Coriou C, Nguyen C

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 778: 146428, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146428

**Abstract:** Speciation of Cd in soil solutions strongly determines the fate of this toxic metal in the environment. Generally, in soil solutions, Cd predominantly binds to the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The determination of the quantity and reactivity of DOM that actually complexes Cd in soil solutions is challenging for operational purposes. Therefore, this study tested whether Cd2+ concentration in soil solutions could effectively be predicted by considering complexation with a single mean organic ligand

assumed to be a fraction of DOM of unspecified nature or assumed to be purely fulvic acids (FA) with reactivity as described in WHAM VII. The reactivity of the unspecified ligand and the concentration of FA were modelled and fitted to experimental data from 76 agricultural soils with low Cd contents...

## New challenges of marine ecotoxicology in a global change context

**Authors:** Tlili S, Mouneyrac C

**Source:** MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 166: 112242, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112242

**Abstract:** Currently, research agenda in marine ecotoxicology is facing new challenges with the emergence of newly and complex synthetized chemicals. The study of the fate and adverse effects of toxicants remains increasingly complicated with global change events. Ecotoxicology had provided for a decades, precious scientific data and knowledge but also technical and management tools for the environmental community. Regarding those, it is necessary to update methodologies dealing with these issues such as combined effect of conventional and emergent stressors and global changes. In this point of view article, we discuss one hand the new challenges of ecotoxicology in this context, and in the other hand, the need of updating agenda and methodologies currently used in monitoring programs and finally recommendations and future research needs. Among recommendations, it could be cited the necessity to perform long-term experiments, the standardization of sentinel species and taking benefit from baseline studies and omics technologies.
## Individual quality and phenology mediate the effect of radioactive contamination on body temperature in Chernobyl barn swallows

**Authors:** Boratynski Z, Mousseau TA, Moller AP

**Source:** ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION Early Access, 2021, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7742

**Abstract:** Anthropogenic stressors, such as radioactive contaminants released from the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi accidents, deteriorate ecological and evolutionary processes, as evidence for damaging effects of radioactive contamination on wildlife is accumulating. Yet little is known about physiological traits of animals inhabiting contaminated areas, and how those are affected by individual quality and phenology. We investigated variation in body temperature of wild barn swallows, Hirundo rustica, exposed to radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine and Belarus. We tested whether exposure to variable levels of radioactive contamination modified core body temperature of birds, and whether individual and phenological characteristics modulated radiosensitivity of body temperature...

## Individual performances and biochemical pathways as altered by field-realistic exposures of current-use fungicides and their mixtures in a non-target species, Gammarus fossarum

**Authors:** Lebrun JD, De Jesus K, Tournebize J

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 277: 130277, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130277

**Abstract:** Persistent fungicides, which are widely applied to agricultural soils to protect crops, are frequently detected in freshwaters because of hydraulic transfer, possibly resulting in unintentional adverse effects on wildlife. However, the ecotoxicity of fungicides in aquatic species remains scarcely assessed at environmentally relevant concentrations, and there is scant information available on their combined effects. This study aims at investigating multi-level changes elicited by two currently used fungicides, boscalid and tebuconazole, in the amphipod Gammarus fossarum. In microcosms, gammarids were exposed for 72 h to fungicides tested individually or in binary mixture at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mu g/L to monitor individual performances (locomotion, respiration and amplexus formation) and biochemical parameters (involved in energy metabolism, growth, moulting and cell stress). This range of exposure concentrations was field-realistic and largely lower than local environmental quality standards for the protection of aquatic wildlife...

## Pesticide risk assessment in honeybees: Toward the use of behavioral and reproductive performances as assessment endpoints

**Authors:** Barascou L, Brunet JL, Belzunces L, Decourtye A, Henry M, Fourrier J, Le Conte Y, Alaux C

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 276: 130134, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130134

**Abstract:** The growing gap between new evidence of pesticide toxicity in honeybees and conventional toxicological assays recommended by regulatory test guidelines emphasizes the need to complement current lethal endpoints with sublethal endpoints. In this context, behavioral and reproductive performances have received growing interest since the 2000s, likely due to their ecological relevance and/or the emergence of new technologies. We review the biological
interests and methodological measurements of these predominantly studied endpoints and discuss their possible use in the pesticide risk assessment procedure based on their standardization level, simplicity and ecological relevance. It appears that homing flights and reproduction have great potential for pesticide risk assessment, mainly due to their ecological relevance...

## Molecular impacts of dietary exposure to nanoplasics combined with arsenic in Canadian oysters (*Crassostrea virginica*) and bioaccumulation comparison with Caribbean oysters (*Isognomon alatus*)

**Authors:** Lebordais M, Gutierrez-Villagomez JM, Gigault J, Baudrimont M, Langlois VS

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 277: 130331, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130331

**Abstract:** Despite the urge need to address the possible impact of plastic debris, up to now, little is known about the translocation of nanoplasics through the trophic web. Plus, due to their surface reactivity, nanoplasics could sorb and thus increase metals bioavailability to aquatic filter-feeding organisms (e.g., bivalves). In this study, we investigated the dietary exposure route on the oyster *Crassostrea virginica* through microalgae themselves exposed to three nanoplastic dispersions (PSL, PSC and NPG) at reportedly environmental concentrations combined or not with arsenic. Interactive effects of nanoplasics on arsenic bioaccumulation were studied, along with the expression of key genes in gills and visceral mass. The investigated gene functions were endocytosis (cltc), oxidative stress (gapdh, sod3, cat), mitochondrial metabolism (12S), cell cycle regulation (gadd45, p53),

apoptosis (bax, bcl-2), detoxification (cyp1a, mdr, mt), and energy storage (vit)...

## Molecular Impacts of Dietary Exposure to Nanoplastics Combined or Not with Arsenic in the Caribbean Mangrove Oysters (*Isognomon alatus*)

**Authors:** Lebordais M, Venel Z, Gigault J, Langlois VS, Baudrimont M

**Source:** NANOMATERIALS 11(5): 1151, 2021, DOI: 10.3390/nano11051151

**Abstract:** Nanoplastics (NPs) are anthropogenic contaminants that raise concern, as they cross biological barriers. Metals' adsorption on NPs' surface also carries ecotoxicological risks to aquatic organisms. This study focuses on the impacts of three distinct NPs on the Caribbean oyster *Isognomon alatus* through dietary exposure. As such, marine microalgae *Tisochrysis lutea* were exposed to environmentally weathered mixed NPs from Guadeloupe (NPG), crushed pristine polystyrene nanoparticles (PSC), and carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles of latex (PSL). Oysters were fed with NP-T. *lutea* at 10 and 100 µg L-1, concentrations considered environmentally relevant, combined or not with 1 mg L-1 pentoxide arsenic (As) in water. We investigated key gene expression in *I. alatus*' gills and visceral mass...

## Characterization of chlordecone distribution and elimination in ewes during daily exposure and depuration

**Authors:** Fourcot A, Feidt C, Le Roux Y, Thome JP, Rychen G, Fournier A
**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 277: 130340, 2021, DOI:
[10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130340](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130340)

**Abstract:** To reduce the exposure of the French West Indies population to the pollutant chlordecone (CLD), the contamination of consumed products must be reduced. One of the strategies to secure safe animal products is related to the depuration of contaminated animals. In order to set up this strategy in situ, characterizing CLD distribution and elimination appears to be essential. The aim of this study is to characterize CLD distribution and elimination in ewes, and establish correlations between CLD concentrations in tissues following a continuous oral contamination period and a depuration period. The experiment consisted in a 90-d period of CLD exposure via daily feeding at 0.01 mg kg(-1) body weight, followed by a 127-d period of depuration. A total of 24 ewes were sequentially slaughtered and serum, liver, perirenal fat, subcutaneous fat, shaft muscle, longissimus dorsi muscle and heart samples were collected...

## Response from the Authors of the article "Critical review of the role of personal protective Equipment (PPE) in the prevention of risks related to agricultural pesticide use" to the letter to the editor from the European crop protection association (ECPA) Occupational and bystander exposure expert group (OBEEG)

**Authors:** Garrigou A, Laurent C, Baldi I, Berthet A et al.

**Source:** SAFETY SCIENCE 138: 105191, 2021, DOI:
[10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105191](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105191)

**Abstract:** In March 2020, Safety Science published the article "Critical review of the role of PPE in the prevention of risks related to agricultural pesticide use" by an international group of researchers working for public research organisations. An expert group from an association representing the interests of the agricultural pesticide industry at European level (the European Crop Protection Association -ECPA-) then published a letter challenging the relevance of the discussion and the conclusions of this article. The Authors of the review have decided to use their right to reply.

## Ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern identified by "suspect screening" from urban wastewater treatment plant effluents at a territorial scale

**Authors:** Gosset A, Wiest L, Fildier A, Libert C, Giroud B et al.

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
778: 146275, 2021, DOI:
[10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146275](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146275)

**Abstract:** Urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are a major vector of highly ecotoxic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) for urban and sub-urban streams. Ecotoxicological risk assessments (ERAs) provide essential information to public environmental authorities. Nevertheless, ERAs are mainly performed at very local scale (one or few WWTPs) and on pre-selected list of CECs. To cope with these limits, the present study aims to develop a territorial-scale ERA on CECs previously identified by a « suspect screening » analytical approach (LC-QToF-MS) and quantified in the effluents of 10 WWTPs of a highly urbanized territory during three periods of the year. Among CECs, this work focused on pharmaceutical residue and pesticides. ERA was conducted following two
complementary methods: (1) a single substance approach, based on the calculation for each CEC of risk quotients (RQs) by the ratio of Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) and Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC), and (2) mixture risk assessment (« cocktail effect ») based on a concentration addition model (CA), summing individual RQs...

## Evaluation of the OECD QSAR toolbox automatic workflow for the prediction of the acute toxicity of organic chemicals to fathead minnow

**Authors:** Mombelli E, Pandard P

**Source:** REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 122: 104893, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104893

**Abstract:** Regulatory frameworks require information on acute fish toxicity to ensure environmental protection. The experimental assessment of this property relies on a substantial number of fish to be tested and it is in conflict with the current drive to replace in vivo testing. For this reason, alternatives to in vivo testing have been proposed during the past years. Among these alternatives, there are Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) that require the sole knowledge of chemical structure to yield predictions of toxicities. In this context, the OECD QSAR Toolbox is one of the leading QSAR tools for regulatory purposes that enables the prediction of fish toxicities. The aim of this work is to provide evidence about the predictive reliability of the automated workflow for predicting acute toxicity in fish which is embedded within this toolbox...

Dissolved organic matter modulates the impact of herbicides on a freshwater

## alga: A laboratory study of a three-way interaction

**Authors:** Morin S, Coquille N, Eon M, Budzinski H, Parlanti E et al.

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 782: 146881, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146881

**Abstract:** In freshwater environments, microorganisms such as microalgae are influenced by the concentrations of dissolved chemicals but can modify the fate of these substances by biosorption, accumulation and even metabolization. In this laboratory study, we assessed the growth and physiology of non-axenic cultures of the chlorophyte Sphaerellopsis sp. exposed to environmental concentrations of diuron, irgarol and S-metolachlor (0.5, 0.5 and 5 mu g.L-1, respectively) singly and in mixture, in the presence or absence of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM). The growth, photosynthetic efficiency and relative intracellular lipid content of Sphaerellopsis sp., as were measured after 14 days of exposure, as were the concentrations of bacteria in the cultures. DOM absorbance and fluorescence, and concentrations of the herbicides and their metabolites in the culture medium were also recorded...

## Adsorption of a triazole antifungal agent, difenoconazole, on soils from a cereal farm: Protective effect of hemp felt

**Authors:** Godeau C, Morin-Crini N, Staelens JN, Martel B et al.

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 22: 101394, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101394

**Abstract:** Difenoconazole is a triazole fungicide widely used in agriculture for the protection of
various crops. The present study evaluated by batch technique, the high capacity of two soils to adsorb difenoconazole. The Freundlich and Henry models fitted the adsorption data well, suggesting a multi-layer adsorption of difenoconazole. Groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) were between 1.8 and 2.8, indicating that difenoconazole had a moderate risk of contaminating groundwater resources. Adsorption in percolation and leaching experiments were also tested in the laboratory with a soil column. We performed tests on soils alone, on soils covered by hemp felt (raw or chemically modified by the grafting of cyclodextrin molecules) as an adsorbent material for limiting the dissipation of this molecule in the soil, and at the same time on felts alone...

Using textile industrial sludge, sewage wastewater, and sewage sludge as inoculum to degrade recalcitrant textile dyes in a co-composting process an assessment of biodegradation efficiency and compost phytotoxicity

**Authors:** Testolin RC, Feuzer-Matos AJ, Cotelle S, Adani F et al.

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH Early Access, 2021, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14211-y

**Abstract:** Recalcitrant dyes found in textile wastewater represent a threat for sustainable textile production due to their resistance to conventional treatments. This study assessed an alternative co-composting system for the treatment of recalcitrant textile dyes where textile industrial sludge, sewage wastewater, or sewage sludge were used as microbial compost inocula. The biodegradation efficiency of bioreactor trials and compost quality of the co-composting system were assessed by visible

spectrophotometry and by a phytotoxicity test. The co-composting system (dry weight (dw) basis) consisted of 200 g of restaurant organic residues + 200 g sewage sludge (or 100 mL sewage wastewater, or 200 g textile sludge) + 100 mL of a 10% dye solution (Reactive Red 195, or Synolon Brown, or Orange Remazol, or Yellow Synozol, or Reactive Orange 122, or Reactive Black 5) ...

## From environmental bioavailability of metal(loid)s to their ecogenotoxicological effects in land snails

**Authors:** Louzon M, Gimbert F, Belly T, Amiot C et al

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH Early Access, 2021, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13618-x

**Abstract:** To date, no study has linked the environmental and the ecogenotoxicological bioavailability of contaminants to land snails. Yet, understanding the specific ecotoxicological mechanisms from bioaccumulation to genotoxicity is necessary e.g., to build an adverse outcome pathway relevant to risk assessment. Consequently, the aim of our study is to look for relationships between accumulated concentrations of As, Cd and Hg in sub-adult snails and ecotoxicological effects at the individual (survival and growth) and molecular (genomic stability) levels. This study combines random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) coupled with high-resolution capillary electrophoresis system (HRS) and micronucleus (MN) assay on haemocytes to consider various types of cytogenomic damage, such as chromosomal aberrations, breakages, adducts and mutations...

## Biodiversity monitoring using environmental DNA

**Authors:** Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N, Zinger L, Kinziger A, Bik HM et al.
**Source:** MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCE:S Early Access, 2021, DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13399

**Edito:** Monitoring biodiversity is essential to protect, preserve and restore ecosystems, particularly in the context of current challenges such as climate change, habitat destruction and globalization (Baird & Hajibabaei, 2012). Biomonitoring is needed for developing biotic indices for assessing ecological status, measuring impacts of an-thropogenic activities in natural ecosystems, evaluating biodiversity loss, surveying nonindigenous species, conservation, and identifying cryptic species (Balvanera et al., 2006; Fišer et al., 2018)...

## Greening effect of slag cement-based concrete: Environmental and ecotoxicological impact

**Authors:** Couvidat J, Diliberto C, Meux E, Cotelle S, Bojic C et al.

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 22: 101467, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101467

**Abstract:** Materials containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) display a transient green & ndash;blue color after demolding. This greening effect has been investigated for leaching behavior and ecotoxicological impact. Color of concretes and pure pastes containing GGBFS was assessed with a portable spectrophotometer, and samples were then submitted to a tank monolith leaching test. Ecotoxicological tests were conducted on reference sample and a green concrete sample at both natural and adjusted pH of 8.1. Main results support that the temporary greening effect of GGBFS-containing materials has no particular impact neither on the chemistry of leachates, nor ecotoxicity...

## Impact of ancient iron smelting wastes on current

## soils: Legacy contamination, environmental availability and fractionation of metals

**Authors:** Amnai A, Radola D, Choulet F, Buatier M, Gimbert F

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 776:145929, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145929

**Abstract:** Past and present metallurgical activity is the origin of the metallic contamination of some current soils. The purpose of this research is to assess the environmental risk of ancient Fe smelting wastes to the terrestrial compartment. For this purpose, two study sites were investigated in Bourgogne-Franche Comt & eacute; (France). For each site, the soil contamination (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and the mobility of each metal from the slag to the topsoils were assessed. The principal results show that the topsoils are particularly enriched in Fe and Mn compared to the reference soils. The bulk chemistry of the slag showed high Fe and Mn content related to the mineralogy of slags, in which the minerals include fayalite, spinel, wustite and glass...

## Uptake and effects of graphene oxide nanomaterials alone and in combination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish

**Authors:** Martinez-Alvarez I, Le Menach K, Devier MH, Barbarin I, Tomovska R et al.

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 775:145669, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145669

**Abstract:** Because of its surface characteristics, once in the aquatic environment, graphene could act as a carrier of pollutants, such as polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to aquatic organisms. In this study we aimed to (1) assess the capacity of graphene oxide (GO) to sorb PAHs and (2) to evaluate the toxicity of GO alone and in combination with PAHs on zebrafish embryos and adults. GO showed a high sorption capacity for benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) (98% of B(a)P sorbed from a nominal concentration of 100 mu g/L) and for other PAHs of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil, depending on their log Kow (95.7% of phenanthrene, 84.4% of fluorene and 51.5% of acenaphthene) ...

## Phytoavailability of cd, cr, cu, hg, mn, mo, ni, pb, tl and zn in arable crop systems amended for 13 to 15 years with organic waste products

**Authors:** Michaud AM, Sappin-Didier V, Cambier P, Nguyen C, Janot N et al.

**Source:** AGRONOMY-BASEL 11(4):664, 2021, DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11040664

**Abstract:** Repeated applications of organic waste products (OWP) are a Source: of trace elements (TE) inputs to agricultural topsoils. The present study aimed at (i) assessing the effects of repeated OWP inputs on the chemical properties of topsoils in two long-term field experiments (13 and 15 years ; calcareous and non-calcareous soils), (ii) evaluating TE phytoavailability and their transfer to grain (winter wheat and maize) and (iii) identifying the underlying factors causing alterations of TE phytoavailability. In both field experiments, receiving compliant or slightly high doses of OWP in compliance with regulations, OWP and soil physicochemical properties and TE concentrations in soils and grains were determined. In situ phytoavailability of TE was assessed at two juvenile crop growth stages by analyzing TE concentrations in shoot plantlets...

## The role of ponds in pesticide dissipation at the agricultural catchment scale: a critical review

**Authors:** Imfeld G, Payraudeau S, Tournebize J, Sauvage S, Macary F et al.

**Source:** WATER 13(9):1202, 2021, DOI: 10.3390/w13091202

**Abstract:** Ponds in agricultural areas are ubiquitous water retention systems acting as reactive biogeochemical hotspots controlling pesticide dissipation and transfer at the catchment scale. Several issues need to be addressed in order to understand, follow-up and predict the role of ponds in limiting pesticide transfer at the catchment scale. In this review, we present a critical overview of functional processes underpinning pesticide dissipation in ponds. We highlight the need to distinguish degradative and non-degradative processes and to understand the role of the sediment-water interface in pesticide dissipation. Yet it is not well-established how pesticide dissipation in ponds governs the pesticide transfer at the catchment scale under varying hydro-climatic conditions and agricultural operation practices. To illustrate the multi-scale and dynamic aspects of this issue, we sketch a modelling framework integrating the role of ponds at the catchment scale...

## Record of trace organic contaminants in a river sediment core: From historical wastewater management to historical use

**Authors:** Thiebault T, Alliot F, Berthe T, Blanchoud H et al.

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 773:145694, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145694
**Abstract:** Sometrace organic contaminants (TrOCs) can be considered as ubiquitous contaminants since the 1950s, and the study of their historical distribution within river sediments allows us to better understand the temporal variation of the chemical quality of sediments, and make assumptions about the most insightful forcings impacting these distributions. In this study, the occurrence of 41 TrOCs of various classes (i.e. pharmaceutical products and pesticides) was studied in a sedimentary core sampled in a disused dock along the Seine River, France. This core covers a 60 year-long period between 1944 and 2003, and 23 TrOCs were detected at least once. Their concentrations mainly ranged between 1 and 10 ng g (-1) within the core, except for tetracycline that exhibited higher concentrations (similar to hundreds of ng.g(-1))...

## Modeling acetylcholine esterase inhibition resulting from exposure to a mixture of atrazine and chlorpyrifos using a physiologically-based kinetic model in fish

**Authors:** Mit C, Tebby C, Gueganno T, Bado-Nilles A, Beaudouin R

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 773:144734, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144734

**Abstract:** Aquatic organisms are exposed to mixtures of chemicals that may interact. Mixtures of atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) may elicit synergic effects on the permanent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in certain aquatic organisms, causing severe damage. Mechanistic mathematical models of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (TD) may be used to better characterize and understand the interactions of these two chemicals. In this study, a previously published generic physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for fish was adapted

to ATR and CPF. A sub-model of the kinetics of one of the main metabolites of CPF, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon), was included, as well as a TD model...

## Thermal plasticity and sensitivity to insecticides in populations of an invasive beetle: Cyfluthrin increases vulnerability to extreme temperature

**Authors:** Dahl JE, Marti SL, Colinet H, Wiegand C et al.

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 274:129905, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129905

**Abstract:** Climate change increases average temperatures and the occurrence of extreme weather events, in turn accentuating the risk of organism exposure to temperature stress. When thermal conditions become stressful, the sensitivity of insects toward insecticides can be exacerbated. Likewise, exposure of insects to insecticides can subsequently influence their ability to handle stressful temperatures. Here, we investigated the effects of constant temperature and daily heat spikes, in presence/absence of insecticide treatment (cyfluthrin), on the condition (impairment of mobility) and thermal tolerance to cold (-6 degrees C) and heat (42.5 degrees C) of the terrestrial beetle Alphitobius diaperinus. The responses of insects from four populations (three farm-collected populations, one laboratory population) to different durations of extreme temperature exposure were compared...

## The added value of Bayesian inference for estimating biotransformation rates of organic contaminants in aquatic invertebrates
**Authors:** Ratier A, Lopes C, Geffard O, Babut M

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 234:105811, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105811

**Abstract:** Toxicokinetic (TK) models refer to the process of contaminant bioaccumulation as a balance between rate of uptake from different Sources (e.g., water or food), and rate of elimination via different processes such as excretion, growth and/or biotransformation. Biotransformation can considerably modify the fate of chemicals in an organism, especially their bioavailability, residence time, and toxicity. Invertebrate models generally neglect this process as they assume a low metabolic activity. However, some species such as Gammarus sp. amphipods are able to metabolize a vast range of organic compounds. Some recent TK models include biotransformation, but they prove limited for estimating related parameters by giving negative values and/or large uncertainties for biotransformation rate(s). Here we propose a generic TK model accounting for biotransformation using a Bayesian framework for simultaneously estimating the parameters. We illustrated the added value of our method by fitting this generic TK model to 22 published datasets of several benthic invertebrate species exposed to different chemicals...

## Occurrence and removal of emerging pollutants in urban sewage treatment plants using LC-QToF-MS suspect screening and quantification

**Authors:** Wiest L, Gosset A, Fildier A., Libert C., Hervé M. et al.

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 774: 145779, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145779

**Abstract:** Urban wastewaters (WW) are a major vector of many emerging pollutants (EPs) to aquatic ecosystems, as urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed to

abate them. New methods are now critically necessary for a more comprehensive analysis of WW samples and for the assessment of the WWTP efficiency in EP removal. To this end, the present study aims to develop a methodology to identify and quantify EPs, especially pharmaceutical residues and pesticides, in the raw and treated wastewater of 10 heterogeneous WWTPs in a highly urbanized territory in France over three sampling campaigns, through the following steps: (1) development and implementation of a suspect screening of EPs in WW samples, based on a solid phase extraction followed by an LC-QToF-MS analysis; (2) confirmation of their identification by reinjection of WW samples spiked with authentic analytical standards; (3) quantification of previously identified compounds by targeted LC-QToF-MS analysis in raw and treated effluents and assessment of their removal efficiency by WWTPs. Forty-one EPs, including 37 pharmaceutical residues (such as anti-depressive, anti-hypertensive, or antipsychotic drugs) and 4 pesticides, were identified by suspect screening ...

## Pollutant Dissipation at the Sediment-Water Interface: A Robust Discrete Continuum Numerical Model and Recirculating Laboratory Experiments

**Authors:** Drouin G, Fahs M, Droz B, Younes A, Imfeld G, Payraudeau S

**Source:** WATER RESOURCE:S RESEARCH 57(3):e2020WR028932, 2021, DOI: 10.1029/2020WR028932

**Abstract:** Pollutant exchange in the hyporheic zone is a major process controlling its degradation in river systems. Knowledge of mass transfer processes at the sediment-water interface (SWI) remains scarce. Accurate predictive modeling of flow driving pollutant fluxes at the SWI is currently limited. We examined mass exchange at the SWI by combining laboratory tracer
experiments and the development of a flow reactive transport (FRT) model. NaCl and Foron Blue 291 tracers were used as surrogates of conservative and moderately sorptive organic pollutants, respectively. Tracer experiments in the bench-scale river channel reproduced the influence of overlying water velocities, the Source of the pollutant, and its sorption capacity on pollutant exchange. A methodological framework to calibrate the FRT model against experiments was developed...

## A pilot experiment to assess the efficiency of pharmaceutical plant wastewater treatment and the decreasing effluent toxicity to periphytic biofilms

**Authors:** Tardy V, Bonnineau C, Bouchez A, Miege C, Masson M, Jeannin P, Pesce S

**Source:** JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 411:125121, 2021, DOI:

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125121

**Abstract:** Pharmaceutical industry effluents are complex and highly variable in time. Assessing the efficiency of a pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the resulting decrease in effluent toxicity and ecological risk is thus not straightforward. We set up an original in situ pilot directly connected to a pharmaceutical WWTP to monitor the chronic toxicity of successive effluents using natural periphytic biofilms. Their structural and functional responses to effluent exposure were assessed by combining (i) a molecular approach to characterize the bacterial and diatom diversity and (ii) functional measurements of photosynthetic and enzyme activities. Effluent contamination by pharmaceuticals strongly decreased after the quaternary treatment (activated carbon). Most of the structural biological characteristics improved with cumulative WWTP treatment (bacterial diversity,

microbial genetic structure, and biological diatom index), showing community recovery along the treatment process...

## Antibiotrophy: Key Function for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Colonize Soils-Case of Sulfamethazine-Degrading Microbacterium sp. C448

**Authors:** Billet L, Pesce S, Rouard N, Spor A, Paris L, Leremboure M, Mounier A, Besse-Hoggan P, Martin-Laurent F, Devers-Lamrani M

**Source:** FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 12:643087, 2021, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643087

**Abstract:** Chronic and repeated exposure of environmental bacterial communities to anthropogenic antibiotics have recently driven some antibiotic-resistant bacteria to acquire catabolic functions, enabling them to use antibiotics as nutritive Sources (antibiotrophy). Antibiotrophy might confer a selective advantage facilitating the implantation and dispersion of antibiotrophs in contaminated environments. A microcosm experiment was conducted to test this hypothesis in an agroecosystem context. The sulfonamide-degrading and resistant bacterium Microbacterium sp. C448 was inoculated in four different soil types with and without added sulfamethazine and/or swine manure. After 1 month of incubation, Microbacterium sp. (and its antibiotrophic gene sadA) was detected only in the sulfamethazine-treated soils, suggesting a low competitiveness of the strain without antibiotic selection pressure...

## The utility of Dreissena polymorpha for assessing the viral contamination of rivers
## by measuring the accumulation of f-specific rna bacteriophages

**Authors:** Capizzi-Banas S, Ladeiro MP, Bastien F, Bonnard I, Boudaud N, Gantzer C, Geffard A

**Source:** WATER 13(7):904, 2021, DOI: 10.3390/w13070904

**Abstract:** River water that receives treated wastewater can be contaminated by pathogens including enteric viruses due to fecal pollution, which may represent an important public health hazard. There is a great diversity of enteric viruses and fecal bacteriophages, especially F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs), are commonly proposed as indicators of viral pollution due to a variety of characteristics such as their structural similarities to the main enteric viruses, their high concentrations in raw wastewater and their environmental survival rate, which is better than other cultivable enteric viruses. However, evaluating the viral contamination of water on the basis of FRNAPH concentration levels continues to present a challenge. This is because the quality of detection is strongly dependent on the quantity of viral particles, high spatio-temporal variabilities and the physico-chemical conditions of the water during sampling. To overcome these limitations, the present study aims to evaluate whether the bivalve mollusk *Dreissena polymorpha* (zebra mussel) could be considered a suitable experimental model for assessing the viral contamination of rivers...

> Fluorescence excitation/emission matrices as a tool to monitor the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater effluents by adsorption onto activated carbon

**Authors:** Guillossou R, Le Roux J, Goffin A, Mailler R, Varrault G, Vulliet E, Morlay C, Nauleau F, Guerin S, Rocher V, Gasperi J

**Source:** WATER RESEARCH 190:116749, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116749

**Abstract:** Monitoring the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in advanced wastewater treatment facilities requires expensive and time-consuming analytical methods that cannot be installed online. Spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence excitation/emission spectroscopy were demonstrated to offer the potential for monitoring OMPs removal in conventional wastewater treatment plants or ozonation pilots but their application to activated carbon (AC) adsorption processes was only investigated at lab scale and not in real treatment facilities. In this study, indexes from fluorescence emission/excitation matrices (EEMs) were used to find correlations with the removal of 28 OMPs from a large-scale AC pilot in fluidized bed employed for wastewater advanced treatment, as well as from batch experiments. Differences in OMPs removal could be observed depending on the operational conditions (i.e. pilot or batch experiments, contact time, type of AC) and the physico-chemical properties of the molecules...

## Does copper contamination affect soil CO2 emissions ? A literature review

**Authors:** Sereni L, Guenet B, Lamy I

**Source:** FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 9:585677, 2021, DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.585677

**Abstract:** Contaminated soils are widespread and contamination is known to impact several biotic soil processes. But it is still not clear to what extent soil contamination affects soil carbon efflux (CO2) occurring through soil microfauna respiration. Regarding the large stocks of organic carbon (Corga) stored in soils, even limited changes in the outputs fluxes may modify atmospheric CO2 concentration with important feedbacks on climate. In this study, we aimed at
assessing and quantifying how soil respiration is affected by contamination. For that, we performed a quantitative review of literature focusing on 1) soil heterotrophic respiration measurements thus excluding autotrophic respiration from plants, 2) soil copper contamination, and 3) the influence of pedo-climatic parameters such as pH, clay content or the type of climate. Using a dataset of 389 data analyzed with RandomForest and linear mixed statistical models, we showed a decrease in soil CO2 emission with an increase in soil copper contamination...

## Graphene-based nanomaterials modulate internal biofilm interactions and microbial diversity

**Authors:** Evariste L, Brayle P, Mouchet F, Silvestre JM and more...

**Source:** FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 12:623853, 2021, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623853

**Abstract:** Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBMs), such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), possess unique properties triggering high expectations for the development of new technological applications and are forecasted to be produced at industrial-scale. This raises the question of potential adverse outcomes on living organisms and especially toward microorganisms constituting the basis of the trophic chain in ecosystems. However, investigations on GBMs toxicity were performed on various microorganisms using single species that are helpful to determine toxicity mechanisms but fail to predict the consequences of the observed effects at a larger organization scale. Thus, this study focuses on the ecotoxicological assessment of GO and rGO toward a biofilm composed of the diatom Nitzschia palea associated to a bacterial consortium. After 48 and 144 h of exposure to these GBMs at 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg. L-1, their effects on the diatom physiology, the structure, and the metabolism of bacterial communities were measured through

the use of flow cytometry, 16S amplicon sequencing, and Biolog ecoplates, respectively...

## Effects of silver nanoparticles on performance of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and associated microbial communities

**Authors:** Grosser A, Grobelak A, Rorat A, Courtois P, Vandenbulcke F and more...

**Source:** RENEWABLE ENERGY 171:1014-1025, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.127

**Abstract:** The effects of nanoparticles on performance and stability of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge were investigated in four reactors. One reactor was fed with only sewage sludge (control reactor) while the remaining ones were fed with sewage sludge with the addition of the following additives:1) silver nanoparticles (NPs reactor); 2) ionic silver(AgNO3 reactor); 3) diluent used for nanoparticles(DIS reactor). The results indicated that: 1) the form of silver had significantly affected the methane yield as well as the share of hydrogen sulphide in the biogas, however this was not the case for VS removal; 2) the tested additives did not significantly affect methane content; 3) the addition of nanoparticles had a positive effect on the kinetic parameters of anaerobic digestion; for the aforementioned sample, the maximum rate of methane production was significantly higher in comparison to other trials executed in this experiment...

OUVRAGES /
RAPPORTS / ACTES
DE CONGRES
# Pesticides in the Natural Environment

Elsevier 06/21

Editors: Pardeep Singh Suruchi Singh; Elsevier; 31st January 2022; 320 p.

ISBN: 9780323904896

Pesticides in the Natural Environment: Sources, Health Risks, and Remediation presents direct and indirect impacts of the use of pesticides on the environment, human health, and agriculture. It then goes on to explore sustainable alternatives to pesticide use, policies for regulating use, and remediation techniques. Bridging the gap between regulations and the tangible environmental threat, the book proposes practical solutions while also providing important context on the hazards of pesticides. It highlights as well the influence on climate change, offering a holistic perspective for researchers in environmental science, policymakers, and land managers.

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# Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology

Elsevier 06/21

Editor: Ramesh Gupta/Academic Press, 1st January 2022, p. 1200, ISBN: 9780323897730

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Third Edition is a comprehensive and authoritative reSource: providing the latest literature on this complex subject, focusing on the core three components - parent, placenta, and fetus - and the continuous changes that occur in each. Enriched with relevant references describing every aspect of reproductive toxicology, this revised and updated reSource: addresses the totality of the subject, discussing a broad range of topics including nanoparticles and radiation, gases and solvents, smoking, alcohol and drugs of abuse, and metals, among others. With a special focus on placental toxicity, this book is the only

available reference to connect the three key risk stages and is the only reSource: to include reproductive and developmental toxicity in domestic animals, fish, and wildlife. Completely revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field, Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Third Edition is an essential resource for advanced students and researchers in toxicology, as well as biologists, pharmacologists, and teratologists from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies.

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# Exploring the benefits of biocontrol for sustainable agriculture

IEEP 24/06/21

Exploring the benefits of biocontrol for sustainable agriculture in creating a sustainable and healthy food system, reducing the pressure on the environment is key. As a non-chemical and targeted input, biocontrol can offer a systemic and balanced solution for sustainable agriculture. This new report explores the benefits of biocontrol and the role it could play in the implementation of the European Green Deal.

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# Biopesticides in Organic Farming: Recent Advances

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Ed: L.P. Awasthi /CRC Press; 2021 April 30; 404 p.; ISBN 9780367460174

CRC Press 30/04/21

The book entitled "Biopesticides in Organic Farming: Recent Advances", describes critically reviewed, key aspects of organic farming and provides a unique and timely science-based reSource: for researchers, teachers, extension
workers, students, primary producers and others around the world. This book is intended to be a unique and indispensable reSource: that offers a diverse range of valuable information and perspectives on biopesticides in organic agriculture.

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REVUE DE PRESSE /
ALTERNATIVES /
BIOPESTICIDES

## Nicotinamide can 'immunize' plants to protect from fungal disease

EurekAlert! 10/06/21

Fungal diseases in cereal crops cause major economic losses and also threaten human and livestock health, because some fungi produce powerful toxins that might enter the food chain. Farmers use fungicides to control crop diseases, such as wheat head blight. Although agrochemicals are rigorously tested for safety, there can be concerns over chemical residues in food.

Now, researchers at Kanazawa University, in collaboration with colleagues at Ehime University and Nagoya University, have shown that the natural substance nicotinamide (NIM - a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement) can help stimulate plant immune systems. Pre-treatment with NIM can prevent or reduce development of fungal disease in wheat plants. This knowledge could lead to new approaches to tackle crop diseases. The team recently published their work in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. [...]

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## Pollen-sized technology protects bees from deadly insecticides

EurekAlert! 28/05/21

A Cornell University-developed technology provides beekeepers, consumers and farmers with an antidote for deadly pesticides, which kill wild bees and cause beekeepers to lose around a third of their hives every year on average.

An early version of the technology -- which detoxified a widely-used group of insecticides called organophosphates - is described in a new study, "Pollen-Inspired Enzymatic Microparticles to Reduce Organophosphate Toxicity in Managed Pollinators," published in Nature Food. The antidote delivery method has now been adapted to effectively protect bees from all insecticides, and has inspired a new company, Beemmunity, based in New York state. [...]

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## Study points to potential treatment for citrus disease

Phys.org 19/05/21

Brazil is the world leader in sweet orange production, but citrus cultivation in the region faces constant threats concerning the availability of water and the outbreak of diseases. New research published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology indicates that a fatty acid called hexanoic acid may help protect against one such problem: citrus canker, a bacterial infection that causes brownish eruptive lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees. [...]

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ASSOCIATIONS
# Victoire du CRIIGEN : Interdiction du Roundup Pro 360 !

CRIIGEN, le 30/06/2021

[...] la Cour administrative d'appel de Lyon confirme l'annulation de l'autorisation de mise sur le marché du Roundup Pro 360 [...] considérant que le principe de précaution (A. cinq de la Charte de l'environnement) a été doublement méconnu par l'Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES) chargée de délivrer les autorisations de mise sur le marché après avoir évalué la toxicité des produits.

Communiqué de Presse en version PDF

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# Vineyard Pesticides Linked to Parkinson's

Beyond Pesticides, June 30, 2021

Vineyard farmers who spend more money on pesticide use are more likely to develop Parkinson's disease, according to research published by French scientists in the journal *Environmental Research*. With Parkinson's disease on the rise around the world, and emerging evidence growing for a *Parkinson's pandemic*, it is critically important to suss out the factors at play. And as *pesticides continue to appear as a driving force* for this deadly chronic disease, it is increasingly necessary to pressure regulators to restrict use of these hazardous substances in chemical farming operations. [...]

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# Pesticide contamination in waterways raises new alarm

# for aquatic life, citing poor regulation

Beyond Pesticides, June 23, 2021

Small streams are prone to excessively high levels of pesticide contamination that even more hazardous than one thought, according to a *pilot study* generated by a team of German researchers. The results indicate significant risks for the health of aquatic ecosystems and should be used as evidence for establishing greater protections from toxic pesticide use, researchers say. With many aquatic benchmarks set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lower than those established in Germany and the European Union, and *evidence of widespread pesticide contamination in America's waterways*, the study could have even greater weight for U.S. regulatory agencies' deficiencies. [...]

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# Produits phytos et santé : le lien se précise pour six maladies graves

Terre-Net 30/06/21

Les produits phytosanitaires à nouveau pointés du doigt : il existe une « présomption forte » de lien entre l'exposition professionnelle à ces produits et six maladies graves, dont certains cancers et des troubles du cerveau, selon une vaste expertise française publiée mercredi.

Les six pathologies sont trois types de cancer (prostate, lymphomes non hodgkiens, myélomes multiples), la maladie de Parkinson, les troubles cognitifs et une maladie respiratoire évolutive, la BPCO, selon l'expertise réalisée par l'Inserm (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale). Pour les quatre premières, la « présomption forte » de lien avec l'exposition professionnelle à certains pesticides avait déjà été mise en évidence lors de la précédente expertise de l'Inserm, en 2013. [...]
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# Prosulfocarbe : l'herbicide volatile qui contamine les productions bios

Générations futures 15/06/21

Plusieurs lots biologiques contaminés par une molécule très volatile, 100 000 euros de perte et aucune indemnisation prévue !

En mai dernier, des producteurs et productrices bio sont victimes d'une contamination de leurs cultures de Sarrasin et de Chia par un pesticide très utilisé en agriculture conventionnelle et dénoncé pour sa volatilité : le prosulfocarbe. 14 agriculteurs bio sont concernés, répartis sur le quart nord-ouest de la France. C'est la coopérative agricole biologique Biocer qui a fait les analyses et a détruit l'ensemble des lots pour protéger le consommateur. Résultat : 100 000 € de pertes pour les agriculteur-rice-s. Aucun système d'indemnisation n'est prévu par l'Etat, aucun recours n'est possible. [...]

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# Past use of lead arsenate pesticides continue to contaminate residential areas 70 years later

Beyond Pesticides, June 17, 2021

Lead arsenate pesticides continue to contaminate Central Washington residential areas that were once tree fruit orchards. Although these toxic legacy pesticides have not been in use for almost 70 years, the Washington State Department of Ecology report finds lead and arsenic soil concentrations above the Washington State cleanup levels. It is well-known that traces of legacy (past-use) pesticides, like organochlorines, remain in the environment for decades-possibly centuries, post-final

application. However, these chemicals have profound adverse impacts on human health, with links to cancer, reproductive and endocrine (hormone) disruption, and birth/developmental abnormalities. Current-use pesticides also contaminate the ecosystem via drift, runoff, and leaching. Therefore the impact of both current and past use of pesticides on human, animal, and environmental health, especially in combination, is critical to any safety analysis. [...]

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# Ominous first step in EU renewal process of glyphosate: 4 member states suggest no risk for human health

HEAL 15/06/21

Exposure to PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), a class of more than 4,700 widely-used synthetic chemicals, constitutes a global threat to public and environmental health. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) and the University of California in San Francisco (UCSF) have joined forces to call for immediate action against these “forever chemicals”, to protect reproductive health, fertility and human development. [...]

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# Propazine Cancelled by EPA - Advocates Urge Agency to Finish the Job by Banning Atrazine and Simazine

Beyond Pesticides, June 15, 2021

The endocrine disrupting herbicide propazine (in the triazine family of frog-deforming endocrine disruptors) is set for cancelation by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), according to a Federal Register notice published last week. The move would eliminate use of the hazardous herbicide by the end of 2022. While health and environmental advocates are pleased with the agency's move, they say it is critical that all pesticides in the triazine class, including atrazine and simazine, also be eliminated from use. [...]

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## Gil Rivière-Wekstein : le débat sur le glyphosate a été détourné

Enviscope 16/06/21

Gil Rivière Wekstein, journaliste, créateur et animateur de la revue et du site *Agriculture et Environnement*, vient de publier la seconde édition de son livre *Glyphosate, l'impossible débat*. Pour lui, le débat scientifique sur ce désherbant a été détourné, notamment par des associations et des cabinets d'avocats aux États-Unis, afin de déclencher des procès en série, débouchant sur d'importantes indemnités et d'importants honoraires. [...]

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## Les Suisses disent non à une agriculture sans pesticides à court terme

Campagnes et Environnement 16/06/21

[...] « Pour une Suisse libre de pesticides de synthèse » n'a pas convaincu les Suisses. Un peu plus de 60 % de la population hélvétique a rejeté cette initiative populaire, issue de la société civile, le 13 juin 2021. Le texte suggérait une interdiction pure et simple des produits phytosanitaires sur le territoire national sous dix ans, que ce soit pour un usage privé ou commercial, et d'en bannir les importations. [...]

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Lire aussi Propagande anti-phytos : la tromperie échoue en Suisse (Alerte-environnement)

## A study analyzes the risk of karst groundwater contamination to human consumption

EurekAlert! 09/06/21

Led by Professor Andreas Hartmann, from the University of Freiburg (Germany), the researchers analyzed the presence of several pollutants in water from many karst aquifers of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, relating fast infiltration processes to an increased concentration of these substances. The findings of this research are published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). [...] The researchers considered the degradable pesticide named glyphosate, a widely used agricultural herbicide, as an example to demonstrate their findings. [...]

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## Plan pollinisateur : encore un raté du gouvernement sur le sujet des pesticides et des abeilles

Générations futures 09/06/21

[...] les parties prenantes, dont Générations Futures, ont reçu un message ce 7 juin de la part des ministères de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation et de la Transition Ecologique, nous invitant à participer à une réunion de présentation du projet de plan pollinisateur et du projet d'arrêté « abeille » vendredi 11 juin. [...]

Premier constat amer, ce projet de plan est loin d'être ambitieux. En effet ce dernier s'appuie essentiellement sur le recueil de données, sans
chiffrage des moyens, recueils certes nécessaires mais loin d'être suffisants. Ce manque d'ambition est d'autant plus dramatique que l'urgence est immense sur ce sujet. De plus, le gros point noir se trouve pour notre association dans la « révision de l'arrêté abeilles de 2003 », censé mieux protéger les pollinisateurs de l'impact des pesticides. [...]

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## Scandale : des pesticides autorisés par l'UE en dépit de leur dangerosité et d'évaluations sujettes à caution !

### Générations futures 07/06/21

[...] Selon un nouveau rapport, du réseau européen PAN Europe, dont Générations Futures est membre et intitulé « EFSA, science ou idéologie ?», l'Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA) a évalué certains pesticides d'une manière peu rigoureuse, ignorant les obligations règlementaires et les risques de cancer que ces substances et leurs produits de dégradation (métabolites) peuvent causer, le tout en laissant bien trop de place aux industriels. [...]

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## Court Blocks Trump-era, Toxic Citrus Pesticide, Defended by Biden EPA

### Beyond Pesticides, June 9, 2021

Earlier this week the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia blocked the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from approving use of the hazardous insecticide aldicarb on citrus crops in Florida. The decision comes shortly after Nikki Fried, Florida's Agriculture Commissioner, denied a state-level registration for aldicarb, which was cancelled in

the United States over a decade ago due to risks to children and water contamination. Health, conservation, and farmworker advocates that brought the suit are praising the court's decision. [...]

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## Biodiversité Le Parlement européen demande des objectifs contraignants pour 2030

### Terre-net 09/06/2

Les députés européens ont approuvé [...] une résolution réclamant à l'UE des objectifs contraignants à l'horizon 2030 pour préserver la biodiversité du continent, notamment en protégeant 30 % des zones terrestre et maritimes. [...]

Les eurodéputés exigent une interdiction stricte de l'utilisation des herbicides à base de glyphosate (soupçonnés d'être cancérigènes et nuisibles pour la biodiversité) après décembre 2022. La résolution réclame aussi une révision « rapide » de l'initiative européenne visant à protéger les abeilles et des « objectifs clairs pour arrêter le déclin de la population de pollinisateurs », qui pâtissent notamment des néonicotinoïdes, de puissants insecticides. [...]

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## Un mouvement visionnaire pour une alimentation durable : comment transformer nos systèmes alimentaires d'ici 2045

### CRIIGEN 27/05/21

Ce rapport dessine deux avenirs très différents pour les systèmes alimentaires, les populations et la planète. Sur fond de dépassement des limites
planétaires et des crises emmêlées du climat et
de la biodiversité, nous explorons ce que les 25
prochaines années pourraient nous réserver. [...]

Dossier de présentation (FR) Rapport complet (EN)

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Exposure to certain pesticides
increase the risk of thyroid
cancer

Beyond Pesticides, May 27, 2021

Research by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) finds exposure to lindane and metalaxyl pesticides heightens thyroid cancer risk. Both incidents of non-aggressive thyroid tumors and advanced-stage thyroid cancer are on the rise. However, researchers speculate that environmental pollutants, such as pesticides, may contribute to this increase, especially considering the pervasiveness of pesticide exposure among the general population. [...]

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Coffee Leaf Rust Hits Hawaii -
EPA Approves Emergency
Fungicide While
Hyperparasite Biocontrol
Shows Promise

Beyond Pesticides, May 26, 2021

Coffee leaf rust, caused by a fungus that can devastate fields of coffee plants, and the coffee industry of entire countries, was recently detected on the Hawaiian Islands for the first time. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) acted quickly to approve the emergency use of a synthetic fungicide, but new research conducted in the fungus' home range shows the promise of a hyperparasite biocontrol. [...]

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More evidence documents
glyphosate's link to adverse
birth outcomes

Beyond Pesticides, May 25, 2021

High levels of glyphosate in urine later in a pregnancy is significantly associated with preterm birth, according to recent research conducted by scientists at the University of Michigan. While awareness of the strong connection between glyphosate and certain cancers is growing among the public, the chemical's link to adverse pregnancy outcomes is beginning to receive more attention. "Since most people are exposed to some level of glyphosate and may not even know it, if our results reflect true associations, then the public health implications could be enormous," said senior author John Meeker, ScD, professor at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. [...]

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New commercial pesticide
toxicity analysis highlights
need to shift to organic
products

Beyond Pesticides, May 20, 2021

Beyond Pesticides and Friends of the Earth (FOE) collaborated to analyze herbicide products at two of the most popular home and garden retailers, Home Depot and Lowe's. This new Commercial Herbicide Analysis highlights the adverse health and environmental effects of widely available toxic pesticides while encouraging retailers to expand on—and consumers to use—safer, least/non-toxic pesticide products. [...]

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## Manche : jusqu'à 100 000 euros requis contre l'usage de produits phytos interdits

Terre-Net 25/05/21

Jusqu'à 100 000 euros d'amende a été requis vendredi en correctionnelle à Coutances (Manche) contre des producteurs de carottes qui ont utilisé 100 tonnes de pesticides interdits importés d'Espagne.

[...] Le magistrat [le procureur de la République de Coutances] a demandé des peines allant de 8 000 à 100 000 euros contre 10 maraîchers accusés de détention et/ou utilisation de dichloropropène, un produit classé cancérogène probable utilisé pendant des décennies par les producteurs de carottes de Créances (Manche) et des environs, avant qu'il ne soit interdit en France en 2018. [...]

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## Le crédit d'impôt glyphosate de 2 500 € est opérationnel

La Commission européenne vient d'accepter le crédit d'impôt glyphosate de 2 500 euros, inscrit dans la loi de finances pour 2021 pour les agriculteurs français. [...]

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## Conventional Meats Contaminated with Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria, at Significantly Higher Rates than Organic Meats

Beyond Pesticides, May 18, 2021

Organic meat is far less likely to be adulterated with multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRB) than conventional meat, according a study published earlier this month in *Environmental Health Perspectives*. The research by experts at John

Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is the latest news on the health and safety benefits of choosing organic, which prohibits the regular use of risky antibiotics, for one's food purchases. Scientists indicate that contaminated foods pose serious dangers for consumers, public health, and the economy writ large. "The presence of pathogenic bacteria is worrisome in and of itself, considering the possible increased risk of contracting foodborne illness," senior author Meghan Davis, PhD, associate professor at the Bloomberg School said. "If infections turn out to be multidrug resistant, they can be more deadly and more costly to treat." [...]

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## Ecological mystery unravels, with toxic pesticide use at the center

Beyond Pesticides, May 12, 2021

[...] Throughout the southeastern United States, bald eagles and other top-level avian predators were experiencing mass deaths from a disease known as vacuolar myelinopathy (VM), a neurological ailment that causes lesions in affected animal's brains. Scientists identified the Source of the exposure as a cyanobacteria growing on an invasive weed, but up until now, did not know how the bacterium caused disease. Now, scientists have determined that the chemical bromine, likely introduced by brominated herbicides in attempts to manage the invasive species, is the trigger for the production of the cyanobacteria's neurotoxin. [...]

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Hormone disrupting chemicals may also harm
## children's brains - scientists call for action

ChemTrust 12/05/21

[...] Some phthalates were banned years ago in certain uses because prenatal exposure to them has long been known to harm reproductive development of male offspring, due to their endocrine disrupting properties. Other harmful effects have also been reported, e.g. a new scientific paper reports a link between some ubiquitous chemicals, including phthalates, and risk of breast cancer.

US scientists have also recently raised the alarm that phthalates can impair children's brain development, and immediate action on this group of chemicals is needed. [...]

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## EU zero pollution action plan lacks action, NGOs say

EEB 12/05/21

[...] Today, the European Commission published its much-awaited Zero Pollution Action Plan - one of the last missing pieces of the European Green Deal.

The aim of the plan is to prevent, minimise and remediate the pollution of air, water and soil across Europe, strengthening the EU's commitment to protect people's health and the environment.

However, the proposal falls short on ramping up action to prevent pollution at Source and instead mainly lists existing legal obligations and ongoing reviews of EU laws. [...]

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## EPA to review Roundup weedkiller to assess potential 'ecological risks'

SFchronicle 20/05/21

Biden administration environmental officials say they will consider restrictions on the world's most widely used herbicide because of concerns about potential harm to monarch butterflies and other species.

But the Environmental Protection Agency told a federal appeals court Tuesday it has not identified any risks to humans from the main ingredient in the weedkiller Roundup, whose manufacturer, Monsanto, has been hit with multimillion-dollar jury verdicts in suits by cancer victims. The EPA is not proposing to limit the use of Roundup or add label warnings, at least until after it reviews the chemical's environmental effects. [...]

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## Pourquoi les scientifiques cherchent-ils à s'affranchir du terme « métaux lourds » ?

The Conversation 19/05/21

[...] Le plomb fait partie des métaux dits « lourds » et l'empoisonnement au plomb existe bel et bien. Également connu sous le nom de saturnisme, il se produit le plus souvent par ingestion du métal, plus particulièrement par ingestion orale de poussière et d'éclats de peinture contenant du plomb. Ce type d'empoisonnement est bien connu et particulièrement dramatique pour les petits enfants, mais au-delà de l'ingestion par voie orale, les mesures de contamination au plomb sont encore difficiles à interpréter. [...]

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# Pesticides are becoming increasingly toxic for the world's most important insects

EHN 18/05/21

Over the last 25 years, the toxicity of 381 pesticides in the U.S. more than doubled for pollinators and aquatic invertebrates such as crustaceans, mayflies, and dragonflies, according to a new study.

For vertebrate groups like birds, fish, and mammals, toxicity dropped. But as pesticides harmful to vertebrates were phased out, this made way for greater use of the insecticide classes, neonicotinoids and pyrethroids.

"Both of these are less toxic to vertebrates, but more toxic for invertebrates," Ralf Schulz, a professor of ecosystem resilience at University of Koblenz and Landau in Germany, and lead author of the study, told EHN. [...]

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# Glyphosate doesn't just kill plants. It harms beetles, too

Popular science 13/05/21

Across the world, insects are in decline. Ubiquitous species, like the rust-patched bumblebee and monarch butterfly, are now rarities, and studies in Europe have found catastrophic crashes in the total number of flying bugs.

There are overlapping causes of the decline, from habitat loss to electric light. Agricultural chemicals are almost certainly key, like the neonicotinoid pesticides involved in the catastrophic collapse of monarch populations. But it's not just pesticides: new research implicates glyphosate, one of the world's most common herbicides, as part of the problem, though in an unexpected way. [...]

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# Néonicotinoïdes : le Conseil d'Etat confirme leur utilisation temporaire pour les betteraves sucrières

HSE 12/05/21

Le Conseil d'Etat a confirmé (décision du 15 mars 2021) la régularité de l'arrêté ministériel du 5 février 2021, pris en application de la loi du 14 décembre 2020 qui autorise l'utilisation de néonicotinoïdes pour les betteraves sucrières. Malgré des demandes de suspension d'associations environnementales et de représentants des agriculteurs, le juge des référés du Conseil d'État a déclaré que l'utilisation de ces substances en principe interdite, a été prévue et autorisée temporairement - loi du 14 décembre 2020 validée par le Conseil constitutionnel. Plus précisément, il s'agit d'une disposition temporaire puisqu'elle ne sera applicable que jusqu'en 2023 au plus tard, le temps de trouver des alternatives plus satisfaisantes. [...]

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# 29 ONG interpellent l'Anses sur des pesticides en vente libre

Environnement-magazine 12/05/21

Une coalition de 29 associations (Secrets toxiques) demande le retrait de produits en vente libre. [...] Arsenic, plomb, hydrocarbures cancérogènes... Des produits toxiques non indiqués sur les étiquettes seraient présents dans 14 pesticides, parmi lesquels 10 sont commercialisés en France, indique l'étude Toxic compounds in herbicides without glyphosate, réalisée par les chercheurs Gilles-Eric Séralini et Gerald Jungers. [...]

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# Générations Futures réagit à la publication ce jour du PNSE 4

## Générations futures 07/05/21

[...] L'essentiel de ce PNSE [4 ° plan National Santé Environnement] repose donc sur l'information du public - [...]. Le [...] projet d'application mobile Scan4Chem [...] application [...] permet de scanner le code barre des articles de consommation [...] pour savoir s'ils contiennent des substances extrêmement préoccupantes, appelées SVHC (Substances of Very High Concern) [1]. Ce projet s'inscrit dans le cadre de la mise en application de l'article 33 du règlement européen sur les produits chimiques Reach, qui impose une obligation de communication sur les SVHC. [...]

Un point positif cependant dans ce PNSE 4 : une base de données « Green Data for Health » censée faciliter l'accès aux données environnementales afin de mieux caractériser l'exposition des populations aux facteurs de risques environnementaux (exposome). [...]

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# Victoire juridique dans le dossier des néonicotinoïdes

## Générations futures, 6 mai 2021

La Cour de justice de l'UE soutient la décision de l'UE de restreindre les néonicotinoïdes [sur les cultures attractives pour les abeilles] en 2013 [2023], sur la base du principe de précaution[...]

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# L'UFC-Que Choisir opte pour la schizophrénie

## Agriculture et environnement 03/05/21

Le 21 juin 2020, l'association UFC-Que Choisir mettait [...] en garde ses lecteurs contre les

« fausses alertes » [alarmistes]. [...] « Régulièrement, l'association Générations Futures sort un dossier sur la pollution par les pesticides (...) À chaque fois, le propos est très alarmiste, [...] notait alors la journaliste Élisabeth Chesnais, qui s'étonnait « de voir la plupart des médias reprendre quasiment mot pour mot le communiqué de presse de Générations Futures, sans aucun recul et sans trop de vérification ». [...] Moins d'un an après, l'UFC-Que Choisir réalise une étude sur la présence de pesticides dans l'eau en collaboration avec Générations Futures ! L'occasion de dénoncer « une eau polluée » et de demander, « au nom du principe de précaution », l'interdiction de certains produits « soupçonnés d'être des perturbateurs endocriniens ». Mais aussi l'occasion de lancer une pétition « pour une eau du robinet garantie sans pesticides ». Bref, l'association tient exactement aujourd'hui le type de discours anxiogène qu'elle fustigeait l'an dernier. [...]

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# Breakdown products (metabolites) from pesticides may be more toxic than parent compound, study finds

## Beyond Pesticides, May 6, 2021

Nearly half of all breakdown products (transformation products) from four common-use environmental pesticides produce stronger endocrine (hormone) disrupting (ED) effects than the parent compound, according to new research published in *Environment International*. Over 300 environmental contaminants and their byproducts—from chemicals in plastics to cosmetic/personal care products—are commonly present in water bodies, food commodities, and human blood/urine samples. These toxicants can alter hormone metabolism, producing endocrine-disrupting effects that put the health of animals, humans, and the environment at risk. [...]

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# Federal Court Gives EPA 60-Day Deadline to Decide the Fate of Chlorpyrifos

Beyond Pesticides, May 4, 2021

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has less than two months to determine whether cancel or modify its registration of the brain-damaging, organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos, following a decision from a federal appeals court last week. The ruling comes after more than a decade of delay from the federal agency tasked with protecting public health and the environment from the hazards of chemicals like chlorpyrifos. The decision now falls to the Biden Administration's EPA Administrator Michael Regan, after the previous administration reversed a proposal to ban agricultural uses of chlorpyrifos in 2017. Most residential uses of the chemical were banned in 2000. [...]

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# Research shows adverse impacts of glyphosate on the human gut microbiome

Beyond Pesticides, April 30, 2021

A bioinformatics tool developed by researchers from the University of Turku in Finland indicates that "54% of species in the core human gut microbiome are sensitive to glyphosate." This tool may help predict which microbes in the human gut could be negatively affected by exposure to the ubiquitous herbicide. Because damage to the gut biome is linked to a variety of diseases, this information could prove critical in recognition of the role(s) glyphosate may play in the development of human diseases. [...]

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# Plastics and toxic chemicals are killing fish – and poisoning us

National Observer 29/04/21

The study, which was not peer-reviewed, was published by the International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), a global coalition of environmental organizations. It reviewed academic research conducted worldwide on the impacts of plastic and toxic chemicals, and is the first systematic review of these dispersed studies designed to paint a global picture of the problem.

The findings were dire: Pollution is compromising the world's oceans, fisheries and coastal communities while exacerbating the impacts of climate change and overfishing. [...]

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REVUE DE PRESSE /
RECHERCHE ET
MEDIAS

# Deuxième stratégie nationale sur les perturbateurs endocriniens : quel bilan à mi-parcours ?

Ministère Ecologie 30/06/21

Adoptée en 2019, la deuxième stratégie nationale sur les perturbateurs endocriniens (SNPE 2) est une composante du quatrième plan national santé environnement (PNSE 4), copilotée par le ministère de la Transition écologique et le ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé. Elle a un objectif principal : réduire l'exposition des populations et de l'environnement aux perturbateurs endocriniens, en renforçant la réglementation, la formation et l'information et
en améliorant la connaissance sur ces substances.
[...]

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# Antibiotic-resistant bacteria found in cattle

EurekAlert! 30/06/21

Growing resistance to our go-to antibiotics is one of the biggest threats the world faces. As common bacteria like strep and salmonella become resistant to medications, what used to be easily treatable infections can now pose difficult medical challenges.

New research from the University of Georgia shows that there may be more antimicrobial-resistant salmonella in our food animals than scientists previously thought. [...]

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# Arrêté abeilles : le texte
> « préservant les pollinisateurs et les conditions de travail » des agriculteurs soumis à consultation publique

Réussir 28/06/21

Le projet d'arrêté abeilles entre en phase de consultation publique. Il élargit à l'ensemble des produits phytosanitaires les restrictions d'usage pendant la floraison jusqu'ici réservées aux insecticides, avec toutefois des dérogations.

La nouvelle version de l'arrêté abeilles, fixant les conditions d'application de produits phytosanitaires sur une culture attractive pour les pollinisateurs pendant la période de floraison, vient enfin d'être soumise à consultation publique. Chacun pourra envoyer ses commentaires sur le site du ministère de la

Transition écologique pendant trois semaines, jusqu'au 20 juillet. [...]

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# Publication de l'expertise collective Inserm - « Pesticides et effets sur la santé : nouvelles données »

INSERM 30/06/21

En 2013, à la demande de la DGS, l'Inserm avait publié une expertise collective « Pesticides : effets sur la santé ». En 2018, cinq directions générales ministérielles ont saisi l'Institut afin qu'il réactualise cette expertise et y inclue de nouvelles thématiques.

Le groupe d'experts réuni par l'Inserm a analysé la littérature scientifique récente afin d'examiner le lien entre une vingtaine de pathologies et les pesticides. Il analyse aussi les effets sanitaires de deux substances actives et d'une famille de pesticides : le chlordécone, le glyphosate et les fongicides inhibiteurs de la succinate déshydrogénase (SDHi).

L'expertise collective de 2021 dresse un bilan des connaissances sur les liens entre exposition aux pesticides et santé humaine au travers d'une analyse critique de la littérature scientifique internationale. [...]

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# Les 27 ouvrent la voie à de nouveaux efforts de protection

Agri-mutuel 29/06/21

Les ministres européens de l'agriculture se sont accordés lundi sur la manière de prendre en compte, dans l'évaluation des produits phytosanitaires, leurs effets sur les colonies d'abeilles, ouvrant la voie à de nouvelles mesures
contre le déclin de ces insectes cruciaux pour la pollinisation.

[...] les critères pour évaluer l'impact [des produits phytosanitaires] sur les abeilles n'avaient pas évolué depuis 2002, [...]. Saisie en mars 2019 par l'exécutif européen, l'Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (Efsa) a élaboré plusieurs scénarios permettant de fixer des « objectifs spécifiques » de protection des abeilles mellifères dans l'évaluation des produits phytosanitaires. [...]

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# Étude : L'agroécologie pas incompatible avec la souveraineté alimentaire

Terre-Net 21/06/21

La généralisation en Europe des pratiques agroécologiques, permettant de réduire voire de supprimer l'usage de produits phytosanitaires et d'engrais de synthèse permettrait de préserver la biodiversité, tout en améliorant la souveraineté alimentaire du continent, selon une étude du CNRS publiée vendredi.

Afin d'améliorer la cohabitation entre agriculture et environnement, le scénario envisagé repose sur trois leviers : un changement de régime alimentaire, avec une consommation moindre de produits animaux, l'application des principes de l'agroécologie, avec la généralisation de rotations de cultures longues et diversifiées et enfin, le rapprochement entre culture et élevage. [...]

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# Seabird eggs contaminated with cocktail of plastic additives

PHYS 17/06/21

Chemical additives used in plastic production have been found in herring gull eggs, new research shows.

Phthalates are a group of chemicals added to plastics to keep them flexible.

The study, by the universities of Exeter and Queensland, looked for evidence of phthalates in newly laid herringgull eggs—and found up to six types of phthalate per egg.

Phthalates function as pro-oxidants—potentially causing "oxidative stress" that can damage cells. [...]

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# Public concern on human health impact of plastic pollution

PHYS 17/06/21

The impact of marine plastic pollution on human health tops a list of health-related concerns over marine threats in a large scale survey which could help shape policy over how best to protect our oceans.

Researchers at the University of Exeter led a survey of more than 15,000 people across 14 European countries, plus Australia, as part of the interdisciplinary European collaboration called the Seas, Oceans and Public Health in Europe (SOPHIE) Project, funded by Horizons 2020. [...]

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# Several persistent chemicals were found in fetal organs

EurekAlert! 16/06/21

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden found industrial chemicals in the organs of fetuses conceived decades after many countries had banned the substances. In a study published in the journal Chemosphere, the researchers urge decision makers to consider the combined impact
of the mix of chemicals that accumulate in people and nature.

"These are important findings that call for regulators to consider the collective impact of exposure to multiple chemicals rather than evaluating just one chemical at a time," says first author Richelle Duque Björvang, PhD student at the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet. [...]

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# Pollinisateurs : l'arrêté abeilles nouvelle version inquiète les apiculteurs

Réussir 18/06/21

La version de l'arrêté abeilles envoyée début juin aux professionnels agricoles et apicoles est jugée insuffisamment protectrice par certaines organisations d'apiculteurs et d'environnementalistes.

Le projet de révision de l'arrêté abeilles de décembre 2003 a été soumis aux professionnels participant à la concertation sur ce texte. « L'application sur une culture attractive en floraison ou sur une zone de butinage d'un produit autorisé est réalisée entre les deux heures qui précèdent le coucher du soleil et les trois heures qui le suivent », précise le texte. Les produits concernés sont les fongicides, herbicides et certains insecticides et acaricides comportant une mention autorisant ce type d'usage. [...]

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# Le glyphosate n'est pas jugé cancérogène par les régulateurs

Cultivar 16/06/21

Suite à la restitution des travaux préliminaires d'évaluation réalisés par les régulateurs de quatre États membres (France, Hongrie, Pays-Bas

et Suède), l'Autorité européenne de la sécurité des aliments (Efsa) et l'Agence européenne des produits chimiques (ECHA) ont indiqué qu'ils allaient lancer les consultations dans le cadre de l'évaluation pour le renouvellement de l'utilisation du glyphosate en Europe. D'après les régulateurs, "le glyphosate répond aux critères d'approbation" pour le renouvellement de l'autorisation ; il n'y a aucune justification à la classification du glyphosate comme cancérogène, toxique pour la reproduction, toxique pour des organes spécifiques, mutagène ou perturbant la fonctionnalité endocrinienne. [...]

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# L'État lance une consultation publique sur la réglementation relative aux pulvérisateurs de pesticides

Actu-environnement 03/06/21

Le ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation soumet à consultation publique un nouveau décret qui devrait durcir la réglementation sur les pulvérisateurs de produits phytopharmaceutiques. Le débat, lancé ce 2 juin, se terminera le 23 juin prochain. L'objectif est de coller à la directive cadre européenne 2009/128/CE qui se traduit en France par le plan Écophyto II+, notamment en matière de pesticides. [...]

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# Les apiculteurs et les arboriculteurs dénoncent la révision de l'arrêté « abeilles »

Actu-environnement 14/06/21
L'État a présenté son projet de plan en faveur des pollinisateurs. Il prévoit un nouvel arrêté devant encadrer l'utilisation des pesticides en période de floraison. Un texte décrié par les apiculteurs et les arboriculteurs. Le 11 juin, les ministères de l'Agriculture et de la Transition écologique ont dévoilé aux parties prenantes (apiculteurs, syndicats agricoles, associations, etc.) le projet de plan national en faveur des insectes pollinisateurs, couvrant la période 2021-2026. [...]

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Research establishes safe water thresholds for antimicrobials, to help mitigate resistance

EurekAlert! 10/06/21

Researchers have made progress towards a G7 commitment to establish safe standards for the release of antimicrobials into the environment, by developing a new framework that establishes safe thresholds. [...]

A major issue is the spread of antimicrobials and resistant bacteria through water systems. When we take antibiotics, 70 per cent passes through our bodies into wastewater. Farm animals are treated with antibiotics which can also end up in aquatic systems through run-off and flooding. University of Exeter research has previously shown that even when antimicrobials are present in these waters at low levels, they can contribute to the evolution of resistant bacteria. These bacteria can make their way into our guts, potentially causing health problems. [...]

Now, in a paper published in Water Research, the Exeter team worked with global pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca to make a significant step towards meeting this need. After reviewing the available evidence in the field, they have developed a framework which effectively

provides guidance on how to perform a risk assessment to ensure the levels of antimicrobials released into the environment are safe. Currently there are no thresholds for safe levels of antimicrobials in wastewater and aquatic systems, although the EU and UK government are monitoring the emerging evidence. [...]

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MISP : un outil de calcul d'impact sur les eaux souterraines

BRGM 04/06/21

MISP a été développé pour traiter le cas où une Source de pollution est située au-dessus de la nappe phréatique. Ce cas est pertinent pour un certain nombre de situations, par exemple pour le cas de l'enfouissement des déchets en surface, ou celui de sols superficiels pollués. [...] La principale caractéristique de MISP par rapport à des outils existants analogues, réside dans le fait que ce modèle ne fait pas appel à l'hypothèse d'une "couche de mélange" pour calculer la concentration en polluant dans l'eau souterraine à l'aplomb de la Source de pollution. [...]

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Research: Journey of PFAS in wastewater facilities highlights regulation challenges

Phys.org 26/05/21

Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have conducted two of the first studies in New England to collectively show that toxic man-made chemicals called PFAS (per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances), found in everything from rugs to product packaging, end up in the environment differently after being processed through wastewater treatment facilities—making it more
assessment of the corresponding number of attributable cases in France and of the related economic costs.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that decreasing long-term NO2"&#62;NO2 exposure or correlated air pollutant exposures could lower breast cancer risk.

https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8419

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# Pollution aux pesticides dans le port de Rouen : la caractérisation des impacts environnementaux à affiner

## Actu-Environnement 26/05/21

Le port de plaisance de Rouen (bassin Saint Gervais) a été exposé à une pollution aux pesticides samedi 22 mai : un récipient percé d'une entreprise de transport situé à Canteleu, à proximité du port, est à l'origine de cette fuite, selon la préfecture de Rouen. « Les fortes précipitations de l'après-midi ont emporté une partie du liquide échappé jusqu'à la Seine », précise-t-elle. [...]

Source sur abonnement, n'hésitez pas à nous demander sa consultation.

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# Les arbitrages de la France pour la future PAC suscitent de vives crispations

## Le Monde 21/05/21

Le ministre de l'agriculture, [...] a présenté, [...] les grandes orientations françaises de la future politique agricole commune. Les « écorégimes » cristallisent notamment tous les mécontentements. [...]

Principale nouveauté introduite dans cette nouvelle version de la PAC, qui entrera en vigueur

à partir de 2023 : la plus grande latitude donnée à chaque Etat membre dans la manière de redistribuer les aides européennes, à travers l'élaboration de « plans stratégiques nationaux », véritables déclinaisons locales de la PAC. Mais après plusieurs mois de négociations sur ces arbitrages nationaux, la Confédération paysanne, la Fédération nationale de l'agriculture biologique (FNAB), la plate-forme Pour une autre PAC, ainsi que les organisations WWF, Greenpeace et France Nature Environnement (FNE) ont quitté avec fracas le CSO, dénonçant un « simulacre de négociation » et « un statu quo » qui renforce un modèle agricole « à bout de souffle ». [...]

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# Study reveals high levels of contaminants in killer whales

## EurekAlert! 19/05/21

Little is known concerning environmental contaminants in predators at the top of a food chain. A study published in *Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry* has demonstrated that new types of brominated flame retardants accumulate in the tissues of killer whales near Norway and are also passed on to nursing offspring.

Investigators also detected man-made chemicals called perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the tissues of adult killer whales. Thresholds for health effects of PFAS in marine mammals are not established, but the chemical has been linked to reproductive and endocrine effects in wildlife. [...]

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## In California's farm country, climate change is likely to
trigger more pesticide use,
fouling waterways

Inside Climate News 11/05/21

[...] Many insect species survive the winter as eggs or larvae and then emerge in early spring as the first generation to feed and breed on millions of acres of California vineyards, orchards and row crops. Climate change will complicate farmers' efforts to control these pests in complex and unpredictable ways.

The most alarming consequence is apt to be ramping up pesticide applications, with broad implications for the safety of California's waterways—just as the state gears up for a future filled with drought. [...]

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Vital soil organisms being harmed by pesticides, study shows

The Guardian 06/05/21

Info également diffusée par PANNA et Beyondpesticides.

Pesticides are causing widespread damage to the tiny creatures that keep soils healthy and underpin all life on land, according to the first comprehensive review of the issue.

The researchers found the measured impacts of farm chemicals on earthworms, beetles, springtails and other organisms were overwhelmingly negative. Other scientists said the findings were alarming, given the importance of these “unsung heroes”. [...]

Nathan Donley, at the Center for Biological Diversity in the US and an author of the new review, said: “The level of harm we’re seeing is much greater than I thought it would be. Soils are incredibly important. But how pesticides can harm soil invertebrates gets a lot less coverage than pollinators, mammals and birds - it’s incredibly important that changes.” [...]

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Interdiction des néonicotinoïdes : la justice de l'UE rejette un pourvoi de Bayer

Terre-net 07/05/21

La Cour de justice de l'UE a rejeté un pourvoi du géant de la chimie Bayer, qui réclamait l'annulation d'un arrêt de 2018 confirmant la quasi-interdiction de trois néonicotinoïdes, insecticides jugés très nocifs pour les abeilles, une décision saluée vendredi par ONG et apiculteurs.

L'UE avait imposé dès 2013 des restrictions drastiques sur l'usage de ces trois néonicotinoïdes, le bannissant des cultures qui attirent les abeilles (maïs, colza oléagineux, tournesol) avec quelques rares exceptions. Une mesure vivement contestée par deux géants des pesticides, le suisse Syngenta et l'allemand Bayer, mais le tribunal de l'Union européenne avait confirmé en mai 2018 les restrictions imposées. [...]

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