# First record of the genus Schizotetranychus Trägårdh
(Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Saudi Arabia with
the description of a new species

Jawwad Hassan Mirza, Muhammad Kamran, Fahad Jaber Alatawi

► To cite this version:

Jawwad Hassan Mirza, Muhammad Kamran, Fahad Jaber Alatawi. First record of the genus Schizotetranychus Trägårdh (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Saudi Arabia with the description of a new species. Acarologia, 2024, 64 (4), pp.1052-1062. 10.24349/g2lf-9h7f. hal-04735191

HAL Id: hal-04735191

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Acarologia

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# First record of the genus *Schizotetranychus* Trägårdh (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Saudi Arabia with the description of a new species

Jawwad Hassan Mirza IDª, Muhammad Kamran IDª, Fahad Jaber Alatawi IDª

ªDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

## Original research

### ABSTRACT

The spider mite genus *Schizotetranychus* Trägårdh (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia with the description and illustration of a new species, *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. based on females and males collected from *Astragalus* sp., (Fabaceae). A diagnostic key to *Schizotetranychus* species of the group 15 is also provided.

**Keywords** genus record; pest species; spider mites; species group; taxonomy

**Zoobank** http://zoobank.org/689664CD-E233-491A-B12D-EE1B832E4AC6

## Introduction

The spider mite genus *Schizotetranychus* Trägårdh (Acari: Tetranychidae) is the fourth largest (118 spp.) in the subfamily Tetranychinae Berlese (Bolland *et al.* 1998; Migeon and Dorkeld 2006–2024). The members of the genus have economic importance with some well distributed species sometimes damaging agronomic crops i.e., *S. baltazari* Rimando (citrus green mites), *S. asparagi* (Oudemans) (pineapple mite) and *S. oryzae* Rossi de Simons (rice mite) (Jeppson *et al.* 1975).

The genus *Schizotetranychus* was erected by Trägårdh (1915), based on *Tetranychus schizopus* Zacher (1913) as the type species, reported from *Salix* sp. (Salicaceae) in Germany (Pritchard and Baker 1955). The species identity in the genus is challenging and mostly requires specimens of both sexes. Flechtmann (2012), based on female morphological characters, classified the species of this genus into seventeen arbitrary groups along with a classification key to groups. The female morphological characters for the grouping included the shape of idiosoma, length of dorsocentral body setae ($c_I$, $d_I$, $e_I$) and total number of tactile setae on tibia I (Flechtmann 2012). Some regional keys for the identification of *Schizotetranychus* species also exist (Baker and Pritchard 1960; Meyer 1987; Mahdavi and Asadi 2015).

In this study, the genus *Schizotetranychus* is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia with a new species, *S. astragalus* sp. nov. described and illustrated based on females and males collected from *Astragalus* sp. (Fabaceae). A diagnostic key to *Schizotetranychus* species of the group 15 is also provided.

Received 18 October 2023
Accepted 23 August 2024
Published 14 October 2024

Corresponding author
Fahad Jaber Alatawi ID:
falatawi@ksu.edu.sa

Academic editor
Migeon, Alain

https://doi.org/10.24349/g2lf-9h7f

ISSN 0044-586X (print)
ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic)

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Mirza J. H. et al.

Licensed under
Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0
**Material and methods**

The mite specimens were collected by shaking the plant foliage parts over a white sheet of paper and preserved in small vials with 70% Ethanol. The mounted specimens were identified under a phase contrast microscope (BX51, Olympus®, Japan). Different mite body parts were imaged by using an Auto-Montage software system (Syncroscopy, Cambridge, UK) attached to a phase contrast microscope (DM2500, Leica®, Germany). The illustrations were drawn with Adobe Illustrator (Adobe System Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). All measurements are given in micrometers (µm). The measurements are presented for the holotype followed by the range for paratypes in parentheses. The morphological terminology used in this study followed Lindquist (1985). All holotype and paratypes have been deposited in the King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA, Acarology section), Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

**Taxonomy**

**Family Tetranychidae Donnadieu**

**Subfamily Tetranychinae Berlese**

**Tribe Tetranychini Reck**

**Genus Schizotetranychus Trägårdh**

*Schizotetranychus* Trägårdh, 1915: 277

**Type-species** — *Tetranychus schizopus* Zacher 1913: 40.

**Diagnosis** — Based on the Pritchard and Baker 1955; Meyer 1987

The new species, *Schizotetranychus astraglus sp. nov.* belongs to the group 15 of the *Schizotetranychus* species, following Flethmann (2012) based on tibiae of leg I in female with seven tactile setae and a sensory seta, dorsocentral hysterosomal setae *c*₁, *d*₁ and *e*₁ longer than interval to the base of seta next behind, reaching past the first seta behind and body shape oval. The group 15 is comprised of six species based on the classification of Flethmann (2012).

**Schizotetranychus astragalus sp. nov.**

Zoobank: D5AF996E-5004-4F82-8186-059ADA9B533A

(Figures 1–8)

**Type material**

Female holotype, four female and three male paratypes ex. *Astragalus* sp. (Fabaceae), Jubail, 27°4′16″N, 49°35′13″E, Altitude 1843 m, 18 October 2019, coll. M. Kamran and H.M.S. Mushtaq.

**Diagnosis**

**Female** — Idiosoma oval, ratio of body length to width less than 2 (1.59); 5 tactile setae on tibia II–IV; peritremes ending in simple bulb; dorsal body setae simple slender and longer than distances between consecutive setae; medial opisthosoma with transverse striations without lobes.

**Male** — Aaedeagus upturned, sigmoid and neck at an obtuse angle to the shaft.

**Description (n=8)**

**Female (n=5)**

Idiosoma not elongate; length of body is more than width (L:W = 1.59); length of idiosoma (excluding gnathosoma) 298 (290–309), including gnathosoma 345 (332–357), maximum width at the level of *c*₁₋₃ setae 189 (183–197).
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Female. A – Dorsum, Scale bar: 100 µm. B – Peritreme, Scale bar: 20 µm.</figcaption></figure>

**Dorsum** — (Figure 1) — Dorsal propodosomal striations entirely longitudinal; dorsal hysterosomal integument with coarse transverse striae on dorsocentral area, laterally with longitudinal striae, without lobes; idiosomal dorsum with 13 pairs of long, slender, tapering tips setae; dorsocentral hysterosomal setae longer than distances between consecutive setae and well crossing second setae behind; second pair of propodosomal setae (sc<sub>1</sub>) longer than other dorsal setae; dorsocentral setae (c<sub>1</sub>, d<sub>1</sub>, e<sub>1</sub>, f<sub>1</sub>) inline and close in distance. Lengths of dorsal setae: v<sub>2</sub> 66 (62–71), sc<sub>1</sub> 75 (71–79), sc<sub>2</sub> 48 (43–53), c<sub>1</sub> 66 (62–69), c<sub>2</sub> 59 (56–64), c<sub>3</sub> 54 (51–58), d<sub>1</sub> 65 (62–68), d<sub>2</sub> 66 (63–70), e<sub>1</sub> 57 (53–60), e<sub>2</sub> 51 (48–54), f<sub>1</sub> 48 (45–51), f<sub>2</sub> 45 (42–48), h<sub>1</sub> 49 (44–53); distances between dorsal setae: v<sub>2</sub>–v<sub>2</sub> 44 (41–48), sc<sub>1</sub>–sc<sub>1</sub> 90 (86–94), sc<sub>2</sub>–sc<sub>2</sub> 159 (151–168), c<sub>1</sub>–c<sub>1</sub> 25 (22–28), c<sub>2</sub>–c<sub>2</sub> 108 (103–115), c<sub>3</sub>–c<sub>3</sub> 180 (171–186), d<sub>1</sub>–d<sub>1</sub> 25 (22–27), d<sub>2</sub>–d<sub>2</sub> 123 (117–129), e<sub>1</sub>–e<sub>1</sub> 25 (22–27), e<sub>2</sub>–e<sub>2</sub> 118 (115–123), f<sub>1</sub>–f<sub>1</sub> 23 (21–26), f<sub>2</sub>–f<sub>2</sub> 82 (78–86), h<sub>1</sub>–h<sub>1</sub> 21 (20–23), v<sub>2</sub>–sc<sub>1</sub> 36 (33–39), sc<sub>1</sub>–sc<sub>2</sub> 52 (48–55), sc<sub>2</sub>–c<sub>3</sub> 54 (50–58), sc<sub>2</sub>–c<sub>2</sub> 44 (42–48), sc<sub>2</sub>–c<sub>1</sub> 50 (46–54), c<sub>1</sub>–c<sub>2</sub> 48 (44–54), c<sub>2</sub>–c<sub>3</sub> 33 (31–35), c<sub>1</sub>–d<sub>1</sub> 36 (33–39), c<sub>2</sub>–d<sub>2</sub> 49 (46–53), d<sub>1</sub>–e<sub>1</sub> 46 (42–48), d<sub>2</sub>–e<sub>2</sub> 57 (51–63), e<sub>1</sub>–f<sub>1</sub> 30 (27–32), e<sub>2</sub>–f<sub>2</sub> 45 (42–48), f<sub>1</sub>–f<sub>2</sub> 41 (37–43), f<sub>1</sub>–h<sub>1</sub> 45 (42–48), f<sub>2</sub>–h<sub>1</sub> 33 (31–35). Setae f<sub>1</sub> dorsally normal in position, equally spaced than other dorsocentral setae.

**Venter** — (Figure 2) — Idiosoma ventrally with transverse striations from setae 1a to ag, genital flap with transverse striations and pregenital area with oblique to longitudinal striation. Lengths of ventral setae: 1a 40 (37–42), 3a 35 (33–37), 4a 38 (35–42), 1b 37 (35–40), 1c 40 (38–43), 2b 37 (35–39), 2c 41 (38–43), 3b 36 (33–37), 4b 37 (34–39); distances between setae: 1a–1a 24 (22–26), 1b–1c 30 (27–32), 2b–2c 25 (24–27), 3a–3a 49 (46–52), 4a–4a 28
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Female. Venter, Scale bar: 100 µm.</figcaption></figure>

(25–30); *ag* 39 (36–42), *ag*-*ag* 49 (47–53); *g*₁ 26 (23–28), *g*₂ 29 (27–32), *g*₁-*g*₁ 26 (23–29), *g*₂-*g*₂ 50 (47–54); *ps*₁ 15 (13–17), *ps*₂ 16 (14–18); distances between *ps*₁-*ps*₂ 8 (7–9), *ps*₁-*ps*₁ 37 (35–39), *ps*₂-*ps*₂ 27 (25–29); *h*₂ 32 (30–34), *h*₃ 30 (28–35), *h*₂-*h*₃ 65 (62–68), *h*₃-*h*₃ 37 (35–40).

**Gnathosoma** — (Figure 3) — Stylophore rounded anteriorly with longitudinal parallel striations. Peritremes slender, straight, ending in a small bulb (Figure 1B). Subcapitular setae *m* 33 (30–35), *m*m 27 (25–28). Palp setation typical, palp femur and genu each with one setae, *d* 48 (45–52), *l''* 24 (22–26), respectively; palp tibia with three setae, *d* 25 (21–27), *l''* 21 (19–23), *l'* 13 (12–14), palp tarsus 17 long, 13 wide, with three simple setae *a* 8 (7–9), *b* 7 (7–9), *c* 8 (7–9); three eupathidia *suζ* 8 (7), *ul''ζ* = *ul'*ζ 5 (4–6), a solenidion ω 2 long; terminal sensillum of palp tarsus (*suζ*) conical, long, pointed, about 2 times as long as wide near base (Figure 3).

**Legs** — (Figures 4A–D) — Length of legs I–IV (without coxae): 173 (166–179), 131 (126–138), 147 (141–155), 171 (165–176) respectively; leg I 173 (166–179): trochanter 19 (16–23), femur 54 (50–56), genu 34 (32–38), tibia 28 (25–29), tarsus 36 (32–39); leg II 131 (126–138): trochanter 17 (15–19), femur 55 (52–59), genu 28 (26–31), tibia 22 (20–25), tarsus 29 (27–31); leg III 147 (141–155): trochanter 23 (21–25), femur 34 (33–38), genu 25 (23–28), tibia 28 (26–30), tarsus 38 (35–40); leg IV 171 (165–176): trochanter 30 (27–32), femur
<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Female. Palp, Scale bar: 20 µm.</figcaption></figure>

48 (45–50), genu 27 (25–30), tibia 31 (28–33), tarsi 35 (32–38). Setal counts on legs I–IV (solenidion in parentheses): coxae 2–2–1–1, trochanters 1–1–1–1; femora 10–6–2–2; genua 5–5–3–3; tibiae 7(1φ)–5–5–5; tarsi 12+(1ω)+2 dupl–11(1ω)+1 dupl–7(1ω)–7(1ω). Empodia I–IV similar, empodia split into 2 uncinate claws. Tarsus I with three tactile setae and a solenidion proximal to proximal set of duplex setae, the tactile seta of both the proximal and distal duplex setae 0.28 times the length of respective sensory seta. Tarsus II with four tactile and a solenidion proximal to duplex setae, the tactile seta 0.24 times the length of the sensory seta.

**Male (n = 3)**

Length of idiosoma (excluding gnathosoma), 254–271, including gnathosoma 310–327, maximum width at level of *c*<sub>I-3</sub> setae 154–173.

**Dorsum** — (Figure 5) — Propodosomal and hysterosomal striations, shape and number of dorsal body setae same as in female; lengths of dorsal setae: *v*₂ 30–35, *sc*₁ 37–43, *sc*₂ 30–35, *c*₁ 32–38, *c*₂ 31–35, *c*₃ 25–30, *d*₁ 32–38, *d*₂ 28–32, *e*₁ 30–35, *e*₂ 24–28, *f*₁ 25–28, *f*₂ 21–25, *h*₁ 23–28; distances between dorsal setae: *v*₂-*v*₂ 36–40, *sc*₁-*sc*₁ 55–61, *sc*₂-*sc*₂ 101–108, *c*₁-*c*₁ 21–29, *c*₂-*c*₂ 86–98, *c*₃-*c*₃ 151–159, *d*₁-*d*₁ 22–27, *d*₂-*d*₂ 93–110, *e*₁-*e*₁ 22–26, *e*₂-*e*₂ 70–79, *f*₁-*f*₁ 21–27, *f*₂-*f*₂ 46–54, *h*₁-*h*₁ 16–20, *v*₂-*sc*₁ 33–39, *sc*₁-*sc*₂ 35–39, *sc*₂-*c*₃ 50–58, *sc*₂-*c*₂ 44–53, *sc*₂-*c*₁ 49–59, *c*₁-*c*₂ 20–24, *c*₂-*c*₃ 31–35, *c*₁-*d*₁ 31–35, *c*₂-*d*₂ 40–43, *d*₁-*e*₁ 28–33, *d*₂-*e*₂ 33–38, *e*₁-*f*₁ 21–25, *e*₂-*f*₂ 28–35, *f*₁-*f*₂ 17–20, *f*₁-*h*₁ 21–25, *f*₂-*h*₁ 17–20.

**Venter** — (Figures 6, 8) — Aedeagus bent dorsad to form sigmoid shape, with acuminate tip, distal end pointing upward and outward, and neck at an obtuse angle to the shaft (Figure 8). Idiosoma ventrally with transverse striations; Lengths of ventral setae: *1a* 37–42, *3a* 28–33, *4a* 33–38, *1b* 35–40, *1c* 38–43, *2b* 35–39, *2c* 38–43, *3b* 33–37, *4b* 34–39; distances between setae *1a*–*1a* 23–28, *1b*–*1c* 25–28, *2b*–*2c* 24–27, *3a*–*3a* 43–48, *4a*–*4a* 24–28; *g*₁ 23–28, *g*₂ 27–32, *g*₁-*g*₁ 23–29, *g*₂-*g*₂ 47–54; *ps*₁ 10–13, *ps*₂ 10–12; *ps*₁-*ps*₂ 6–8, *ps*₁-*ps*₁ 15–18, *ps*₂-*ps*₂ 11–14; *h*₂ 21–24, *h*₃ 18–23, *h*₂-*h*₂ 32–38, *h*₃-*h*₃ 35–40.

**Gnathosoma** — Stylophore and peritremes as in female. Subcapitular setae *m* 30–35, *m*–*m* 23–28. Palp femur and genu each with one seta, *d* 45–52, *l''* 22–26, respectively; palp tibia with three setae, *d* 7–8, *l''* 19–22, *l'* 16–20 and a palp tibial claw; palp tarsus 17 long, 13 wide, with three simple setae *a* 7–9, *b* 7–9, *c* 7–9; three eupathidia *suζ* 7, *ul''ζ* = *ul'*ζ 4–6, a solenidion *ω* 2 long; terminal sensillum of palp tarsus (*suζ*) conical, long, pointed, about 2 times as long as wide near base.
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Female. Legs I–IV, A – Leg I; B – Leg II; C – Leg III; D – Leg IV. Scale bar: 100 µm. E – Leg I empodium, Scale bar: 20 µm.</figcaption></figure>

**Legs** — (Figures 7A & B) — Length of legs I–IV (without coxae): 142–155, 120–138, 132–145, 138–150 respectively; leg I 142–155: trochanter 17–24, femur 47–53, genu 28–33, tibia 23–27, tarsus 26–30; leg II 120–138: trochanter 12–15, femur 42–49, genu 24–28, tibia
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 5** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Male. Dorsum, Scale bar: 100 µm.</figcaption></figure>

20–25, tarsus 25–30; leg III 132–145: trochanter 23–26, femur 39–44, genu 20–24, tibia 22–27, tarsus 26–31; leg IV 138–15: trochanters 22–32, femur 45–50, genu 25–30, tibia 26–33, tarsi 32–34. Chaetotaxy on legs I–IV (solenidia in parentheses): coxe 2–2–1–1, trochanter 1–1–1–1; femora 10–6–2–2; genua 5–5–3–3; tibiae 7(2φ)–5(1φ)–5–5; tarsi 11(2ω)+2 dupl.–10(1ω)+1 dupl.–7(1ω)–7(1ω).

**Immature stages** — Unknown.

**Etymology**

The specific epithet refers to the genus name of the host plant, *'Astragalus'* from which the type specimens were collected.

**Remarks**

*Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov., is morphologically close to S. recki Ehara (1957) by having the characteristics of dorsocentral hysterosomal setae *c*₁, *d*₁ and *e*₁ longer than interval to base of seta next behind, Tibia of leg I of female with 7 tactile and one sensory setae and simple peritremes. However, the new species differs from the *S. recki* by the distinct differences of leg chaetotaxy on tibia II–IV (5-5-5 vs. 6-3-4), number of setae proximal to proximal duplex setae on tarsus I (three vs two) and tarsus II (four vs one) and shape of peritremes (straight vs. bent distally).

Flecthmann (2012) placed the species *S. schizopus* (Zacher) in the group 15 and provided a note stating that Ehara (1957) reported this species to have 8 or 9 tactile setae on tibiae I
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 6** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Male. Venter, Scale bar: 100 µm.</figcaption></figure>

of females. But this group includes species having tibiae I with 7 tactile setae. The original description (Zacher 1913) and re-descriptions (Garman 1940; Reck 1948; McGregor 1950; Pritchard and Baker 1955; Baker and Tuttle 1994; Ehara 1999) of this species do not bring much help towards leg setal counts. It is suggested that *S. schizopus* should not belong to the group 15 of *Schizotetranychus* species. Hence, it is not included in the remarks and has been excluded from the identification key.

**Key to Schizotetranychus species of the group 15**

1. Peritremes anastomosing.................................................. *S. cajani* Gupta
— Peritremes simpel....................................................................2

2. Peritremes simple ending bulbous distally..................................................3
— Peritremes recurved/hooked distally....................................................5

3. Tibia II-IV 6-4-3.................................................................*S. recki* Ehara
— Tibia II-IV 5-5-5..................................................*S. astragalus* sp. nov. Alatawi & Kamran

4. Male aedeagus tapering and curving evenly dorsad at an obtuse angle, not distinctly sigmoid
*S. filifolius* Meyer
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 7** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Male. A – Tibia and Tarsus I; B – Tibia and Tarsus II; Scale bar: 20 µm.</figcaption></figure>

— Male aedeagus bends upward at right angle and tapers abruptly, distinctly sigmoid ... 7

5. Aedeagal head distinct, bending at right angle to vertical part of shaft... *S. rhynosperus*
Flechtmann & Baker

— Aedeagal head indistinct, bending only slightly ... *S. arcuatus* Meyer

**Disclosure statement**

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 8** *Schizotetranychus astragalus* sp. nov. Male, A, B – Aedeagus, Scale bar: 5 µm.</figcaption></figure>

**Acknowledgments**

The authors extend their appreciation and special thanks to respected Carlos Holger Wenzel Flechtmann (University of São Paulo, Brazil), for providing useful literature. The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the researchers supporting the project at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for financial support.

**Funding**

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R807), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

**ORCID**

Jawwad Hassan Mirza ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1726-4331

Muhammad Kamran ID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-203X

Fahad Jaber Alatawi ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6824-2650

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