131. Ohba, S.-Y.; Huynh, T.T.T.; Le, L.L.; Ngoc, H.T.; Le Hoang, S.; Takagi, M. Mosquitoes and Their Potential Predators in Rice Agroecosystems of the Mekong Delta, Southern Vietnam. *J. Am. Mosq. Control. Assoc.* **2011**, *27*, 384–392. [CrossRef]

132. Ohba, S.; Van Soai n Van Anh, D.T.; Nguyen, Y.T.; Takagi, M. Study of mosquito fauna in rice ecosystems around Hanoi, Northern Vietnam. *Acta Trop.* **2015**, *142*, 89–95. [CrossRef]

133. Murty, U.S.; Rao, M.S.; Arunachalam, N. The effects of climatic factors on the distribution and abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. *J. Vector Borne Dis.* **2010**, *47*, 26–32.

134. Self, L.S.; Shin, H.K.; Kim, K.H.; Lee, K.W.; Chow, C.Y.; Hong, H.K. Ecological studies on Culex tritaeniorhynchus as a vector of Japanese encephalitis. *Bull. World Health Organ.* **1973**, *49*, 41–47.

135. Sudeep, A.B. Culex gelidus: An emerging mosquito vector with potential to transmit multiple virus infections. *J. Vector Borne Dis.* **2014**, *51*, 251–258. [PubMed]

136. Rosen, L. The Natural History of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. *Annu. Rev. Microbiol.* **1986**, *40*, 395–414. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

137. Keiser, J.; Maltese, M.F.; Erlanger, T.E.; Bos, R.; Tanner, M.; Singer, B.H.; Utzinger, J. Effect of irrigated rice agriculture on Japanese encephalitis, including challenges and opportunities for integrated vector management. *Acta Trop.* **2005**, *95*, 40–57. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

138. Morita, K.; Nabeshima, T.; Buerano, C.C. Japanese encephalitis. *OIE Rev. Sci. Tech.* **2015**, *34*, 441–452. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

139. Mansfield, K.L.; Hernández-Triana, L.M.; Banyard, A.C.; Fooks, A.R.; Johnson, N. Japanese encephalitis virus infection, diagnosis and control in domestic animals. *Veter Microbiol.* **2017**, *201*, 85–92. [CrossRef]

140. Daniels, P.T. *Arboviruses of Veterinary Significance in The Asia-Western Pacific Region, Such as Japanese Encephalitis Virus*; Office International des Epizooties: Paris, France, 2003.

141. McArthur, M.A.; Holbrook, M.R. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines. *J. Bioterrorism Biodefense* **2011**, *2*. [CrossRef]

142. Yun, S.-I.; Lee, Y.-M. Japanese encephalitis. *Hum. Vaccines Immunother.* **2014**, *10*, 263–279. [CrossRef]

143. Konishi, E.; Yamaoka, M.; Kurane, I.; Mason, P.W. Japanese Encephalitis DNA Vaccine Candidates Expressing Premembrane and Envelope Genes Induce Virus-Specific Memory B Cells and Long-Lasting Antibodies in Swine. *Virology* **2000**, *268*, 49–55. [CrossRef]

144. García-Nicolás, O.; Ricklin, M.E.; Liniger, M.; Vielle, N.J.; Python, S.; Souque, P.; Charneau, P.; Summerfield, A. A Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Inducing Antibodies Strongly Enhancing In Vitro Infection Is Protective in Pigs. *Viruses* **2017**, *9*, 124. [CrossRef]

145. Seo, H.-J.; Kim, H.C.; Klein, T.A.; Ramey, A.M.; Lee, J.-H.; Kyung, S.-G.; Park, J.-Y.; Cho, Y.S.; Cho, I.-S.; Yeh, J.-Y. Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes during a 2010 Outbreak in the Republic of Korea. *PLoS ONE* **2013**, *8*, e55165. [CrossRef]

146. Nah, J.-J.; Yang, D.-K.; Kim, H.-H.; Song, J.-Y. The present and future of veterinary vaccines for Japanese encephalitis in Korea. *Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res.* **2015**, *4*, 130–136. [CrossRef]

147. Hsu, S.T.; Chang, L.C.; Lin, S.Y.; Chuang, T.Y.; Ma, C.H.; Inoue, Y.K.; Okuno, T. The effect of vaccination with a live attenuated strain of Japanese encephalitis virus on stillbirths in swine in Taiwan. *Bull. World Health Organ.* **1972**, *46*, 465–471. [PubMed]

148. Ogata, M.; Nagao, Y.; Kikui, R.; Kitamura n Ariyasu, H. Effect of complete adjuvant on vaccination of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine to swine for preventing viremia. 39. Epidemiological studies of J.E. *Acta Med. Okayama* **1971**, *25*, 71–75.

149. Clarke, D.H.; Casals, J. Techniques for Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition with Arthropod-Borne Viruses. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1958**, *7*, 561–573. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

150. Beck, C.; Lowenski, S.; Durand, B.; Bahuon, C.; Zientara, S.; Lecollinet, S. Improved reliability of serological tools for the diagnosis of West Nile fever in horses within Europe. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2017**, *11*, e0005936. [CrossRef]

151. Kuno, G. Serodiagnosis of flaviviral infections and vaccinations in humans. *Adv. Virus Res.* **2003**, *61*, 3–65.

152. Jain, P.; Jain, A.; Kumar, A.; Prakash, S.; Khan, D.N.; Singh, K.P.; Garg, R.K.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, G.A. Epidemiology and etiology of acute encephalitis syndrome in North India. *Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.* **2014**, *67*, 197–203. [CrossRef]
131. Ohba, S.-Y.; Huynh, T.T.T.; Le, L.L.; Ngoc, H.T.; Le Hoang, S.; Takagi, M. Mosquitoes and Their Potential Predators in Rice Agroecosystems of the Mekong Delta, Southern Vietnam. *J. Am. Mosq. Control. Assoc.* **2011**, *27*, 384–392. [CrossRef]

132. Ohba, S.; Van Soai n Van Anh, D.T.; Nguyen, Y.T.; Takagi, M. Study of mosquito fauna in rice ecosystems around Hanoi, Northern Vietnam. *Acta Trop.* **2015**, *142*, 89–95. [CrossRef]

133. Murty, U.S.; Rao, M.S.; Arunachalam, N. The effects of climatic factors on the distribution and abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. *J. Vector Borne Dis.* **2010**, *47*, 26–32.

134. Self, L.S.; Shin, H.K.; Kim, K.H.; Lee, K.W.; Chow, C.Y.; Hong, H.K. Ecological studies on Culex tritaeniorhynchus as a vector of Japanese encephalitis. *Bull. World Health Organ.* **1973**, *49*, 41–47.

135. Sudeep, A.B. Culex gelidus: An emerging mosquito vector with potential to transmit multiple virus infections. *J. Vector Borne Dis.* **2014**, *51*, 251–258. [PubMed]

136. Rosen, L. The Natural History of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. *Annu. Rev. Microbiol.* **1986**, *40*, 395–414. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

137. Keiser, J.; Maltese, M.F.; Erlanger, T.E.; Bos, R.; Tanner, M.; Singer, B.H.; Utzinger, J. Effect of irrigated rice agriculture on Japanese encephalitis, including challenges and opportunities for integrated vector management. *Acta Trop.* **2005**, *95*, 40–57. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

138. Morita, K.; Nabeshima, T.; Buerano, C.C. Japanese encephalitis. *OIE Rev. Sci. Tech.* **2015**, *34*, 441–452. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

139. Mansfield, K.L.; Hernández-Triana, L.M.; Banyard, A.C.; Fooks, A.R.; Johnson, N. Japanese encephalitis virus infection, diagnosis and control in domestic animals. *Veter Microbiol.* **2017**, *201*, 85–92. [CrossRef]

140. Daniels, P.T. *Arboviruses of Veterinary Significance in The Asia-Western Pacific Region, Such as Japanese Encephalitis Virus*; Office International des Epizooties: Paris, France, 2003.

141. McArthur, M.A.; Holbrook, M.R. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines. *J. Bioterrorism Biodefense* **2011**, *2*. [CrossRef]

142. Yun, S.-I.; Lee, Y.-M. Japanese encephalitis. *Hum. Vaccines Immunother.* **2014**, *10*, 263–279. [CrossRef]

143. Konishi, E.; Yamaoka, M.; Kurane, I.; Mason, P.W. Japanese Encephalitis DNA Vaccine Candidates Expressing Premembrane and Envelope Genes Induce Virus-Specific Memory B Cells and Long-Lasting Antibodies in Swine. *Virology* **2000**, *268*, 49–55. [CrossRef]

144. García-Nicolás, O.; Ricklin, M.E.; Liniger, M.; Vielle, N.J.; Python, S.; Souque, P.; Charneau, P.; Summerfield, A. A Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Inducing Antibodies Strongly Enhancing In Vitro Infection Is Protective in Pigs. *Viruses* **2017**, *9*, 124. [CrossRef]

145. Seo, H.-J.; Kim, H.C.; Klein, T.A.; Ramey, A.M.; Lee, J.-H.; Kyung, S.-G.; Park, J.-Y.; Cho, Y.S.; Cho, I.-S.; Yeh, J.-Y. Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes during a 2010 Outbreak in the Republic of Korea. *PLoS ONE* **2013**, *8*, e55165. [CrossRef]

146. Nah, J.-J.; Yang, D.-K.; Kim, H.-H.; Song, J.-Y. The present and future of veterinary vaccines for Japanese encephalitis in Korea. *Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res.* **2015**, *4*, 130–136. [CrossRef]

147. Hsu, S.T.; Chang, L.C.; Lin, S.Y.; Chuang, T.Y.; Ma, C.H.; Inoue, Y.K.; Okuno, T. The effect of vaccination with a live attenuated strain of Japanese encephalitis virus on stillbirths in swine in Taiwan. *Bull. World Health Organ.* **1972**, *46*, 465–471. [PubMed]

148. Ogata, M.; Nagao, Y.; Kikui, R.; Kitamura n Ariyasu, H. Effect of complete adjuvant on vaccination of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine to swine for preventing viremia. 39. Epidemiological studies of J.E. *Acta Med. Okayama* **1971**, *25*, 71–75.

149. Clarke, D.H.; Casals, J. Techniques for Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition with Arthropod-Borne Viruses. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1958**, *7*, 561–573. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

150. Beck, C.; Lowenski, S.; Durand, B.; Bahuon, C.; Zientara, S.; Lecollinet, S. Improved reliability of serological tools for the diagnosis of West Nile fever in horses within Europe. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2017**, *11*, e0005936. [CrossRef]

151. Kuno, G. Serodiagnosis of flaviviral infections and vaccinations in humans. *Adv. Virus Res.* **2003**, *61*, 3–65.

152. Jain, P.; Jain, A.; Kumar, A.; Prakash, S.; Khan, D.N.; Singh, K.P.; Garg, R.K.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, G.A. Epidemiology and etiology of acute encephalitis syndrome in North India. *Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.* **2014**, *67*, 197–203. [CrossRef]
153. Srey, V.H.; Sadones, H.; Ong, S.; Yim, C.; Reynes, J.-M.; Sor, S.; Mam, M.; Grosjean, P. Etiology of encephalitis syndrome among hospitalized children and adults in Takeo, Cambodia, 1999–2000. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2002**, *66*, 200–207. [CrossRef]

154. Cao, L.; Fu, S.; Lu, Z.; Tang, C.; Gao, X.; Li, X.; Lei, W.; He, Y.; Li, M.; Cao, Y.; et al. Detection of West Nile Virus Infection in Viral Encephalitis Cases, China. *Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.* **2019**, *19*, 45–50. [CrossRef]

155. Chang, K.J. Studies on the serological cross-reaction between dengue and Japanese encephalitis. *Chin. J. Microbiol. Immunol.* **1997**, *30*, 207–218.

156. Calisher, C.H.; Karabatsos, N.; Dalrymple, J.M.; Shope, R.E.; Porterfield, J.S.; Westaway, E.G.; Brandt, W.E. Antigenic Relationships between Flaviviruses as Determined by Cross-neutralization Tests with Polyclonal Antisera. *J. Gen. Virol.* **1989**, *70*, 37–43. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

157. Mansfield, K.L.; Horton, D.L.; Johnson, N.; Li, L.; Barrett, A.D.T.; Smith, D.J.; Galbraith, S.E.; Solomon, T.; Fooks, A.R. Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity. *J. Gen. Virol.* **2011**, *92*, 2821–2829. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

158. Goverdhan, M.K.; Kulkarni, A.B.; Gupta, A.K.; Tupe, C.D.; Rodrigues, J.J. Two-way cross-protection between West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses in bonnet macaques. *Acta Virol.* **1992**, *36*, 277–283. [PubMed]

159. Nemeth, N.M.; Bosco-Lauth, A.M.; Bowen, R.A. Cross-Protection Between West Nile and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses in Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). *Avian Dis. Dig.* **2009**, *4*, 421–425. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

160. Maeki, T.; Tajima, S.; Ikeda, M.; Kato, F.; Taniguchi, S.; Nakayama, E.; Takasaki, T.; Lim, C.-K.; Saijo, M. Analysis of cross-reactivity between flaviviruses with sera of patients with Japanese encephalitis showed the importance of neutralization tests for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis. *J. Infect. Chemother.* **2019**, *25*, 786–790. [CrossRef]

161. Reuben, R.; Thenmozhi, V.; Samuel, P.P.; Gajanana, A.; Mani, T.R. Mosquito Blood Feeding Patterns as a Factor in the Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Southern India. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1992**, *46*, 654–663. [CrossRef]

162. Bhattacharyya, D.R.; Handique, R.; Dutta, L.P.; Dutta, P.; Doloi, P.; Goswami, B.K.; Sharma, C.K.; Mahanta, J. Host feeding patterns of Culex vishnui sub group of mosquitoes in Dibrugarh district of Assam. *J. Commun. Dis.* **1994**, *26*, 133–138.

163. Arunachalam, N.; Samuel, P.P.; Hiriyan, J.; Rajendran, R.; Dash, A.P. Short report: Observations on the multiple feeding behavior of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Kerala in southern India. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2005**, *72*, 198–200. [CrossRef]

164. Wang, L.Y. Host preference of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis. *Chin. J. Microbiol.* **1975**, *8*, 274–279.

165. Samuel, P.P.; Arunachalam, N.; Hiriyan, J.; Tyagi, B.K. Host Feeding Pattern of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kuttanadu, Kerala, India. *J. Med. Entomol.* **2008**, *45*, 927–932. [CrossRef]

166. Tuno, N.; Tsuda, Y.; Takagi, M. How Zoophilic Japanese Encephalitis Vector Mosquitoes Feed on Humans. *J. Med Entomol.* **2017**, *54*, 8–13. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

167. Yap, G.; Lim, X.F.; Chan, S.; How, C.B.; Humaidi, M.; Yeo, G.; Mailepessov, D.; Kong, M.; Lai, Y.L.; Okumura, C.; et al. Serological evidence of continued Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in Singapore nearly three decades after end of pig farming. *Parasites Vectors* **2019**, *12*, 244. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

168. Rodrigues, F.; Guttikar, S.; Pinto, B. Prevalence of antibodies to Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses among wild birds in the Krishna-Godavari Delta, Andhra Pradesh, India. *Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1981**, *75*, 258–262. [CrossRef]

169. Saito, M.; Osa, Y.; Asakawa, M. Antibodies to Flaviviruses in Wild Ducks Captured in Hokkaido, Japan: Risk Assessment of Invasive Flaviviruses. *Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.* **2009**, *9*, 253–258. [CrossRef]

170. Buescher, E.L.; Scherer, W.F.; Rosenberg, M.Z.; Kutner, L.J.; McClure, H.E. Immunologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan: IV. Maternal Antibody in Birds. *J. Immunol.* **1959**, *83*, 614–619.

171. Scherer, W.F.; Buescher, E.L.; McClure, H.E. Ecologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1959**, *8*, 689–697. [CrossRef]

172. Jamgaonkar, A.V.; Yergolkar, P.N.; Geevarghese, G.; Joshi, G.D.; Joshi, M.V.; Mishra, A.C. Serological evidence for Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus infections in water frequenting and terrestrial wild birds in Kolar District, Karnataka State, India. A retrospective study. *Acta Virol.* **2003**, *47*, 185–188.
153. Srey, V.H.; Sadones, H.; Ong, S.; Yim, C.; Reynes, J.-M.; Sor, S.; Mam, M.; Grosjean, P. Etiology of encephalitis syndrome among hospitalized children and adults in Takeo, Cambodia, 1999–2000. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2002**, *66*, 200–207. [CrossRef]

154. Cao, L.; Fu, S.; Lu, Z.; Tang, C.; Gao, X.; Li, X.; Lei, W.; He, Y.; Li, M.; Cao, Y.; et al. Detection of West Nile Virus Infection in Viral Encephalitis Cases, China. *Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.* **2019**, *19*, 45–50. [CrossRef]

155. Chang, K.J. Studies on the serological cross-reaction between dengue and Japanese encephalitis. *Chin. J. Microbiol. Immunol.* **1997**, *30*, 207–218.

156. Calisher, C.H.; Karabatsos, N.; Dalrymple, J.M.; Shope, R.E.; Porterfield, J.S.; Westaway, E.G.; Brandt, W.E. Antigenic Relationships between Flaviviruses as Determined by Cross-neutralization Tests with Polyclonal Antisera. *J. Gen. Virol.* **1989**, *70*, 37–43. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

157. Mansfield, K.L.; Horton, D.L.; Johnson, N.; Li, L.; Barrett, A.D.T.; Smith, D.J.; Galbraith, S.E.; Solomon, T.; Fooks, A.R. Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity. *J. Gen. Virol.* **2011**, *92*, 2821–2829. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

158. Goverdhan, M.K.; Kulkarni, A.B.; Gupta, A.K.; Tupe, C.D.; Rodrigues, J.J. Two-way cross-protection between West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses in bonnet macaques. *Acta Virol.* **1992**, *36*, 277–283. [PubMed]

159. Nemeth, N.M.; Bosco-Lauth, A.M.; Bowen, R.A. Cross-Protection Between West Nile and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses in Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). *Avian Dis. Dig.* **2009**, *4*, 421–425. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

160. Maeki, T.; Tajima, S.; Ikeda, M.; Kato, F.; Taniguchi, S.; Nakayama, E.; Takasaki, T.; Lim, C.-K.; Saijo, M. Analysis of cross-reactivity between flaviviruses with sera of patients with Japanese encephalitis showed the importance of neutralization tests for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis. *J. Infect. Chemother.* **2019**, *25*, 786–790. [CrossRef]

161. Reuben, R.; Thenmozhi, V.; Samuel, P.P.; Gajanana, A.; Mani, T.R. Mosquito Blood Feeding Patterns as a Factor in the Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Southern India. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1992**, *46*, 654–663. [CrossRef]

162. Bhattacharyya, D.R.; Handique, R.; Dutta, L.P.; Dutta, P.; Doloi, P.; Goswami, B.K.; Sharma, C.K.; Mahanta, J. Host feeding patterns of Culex vishnui sub group of mosquitoes in Dibrugarh district of Assam. *J. Commun. Dis.* **1994**, *26*, 133–138.

163. Arunachalam, N.; Samuel, P.P.; Hiriyan, J.; Rajendran, R.; Dash, A.P. Short report: Observations on the multiple feeding behavior of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Kerala in southern India. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2005**, *72*, 198–200. [CrossRef]

164. Wang, L.Y. Host preference of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis. *Chin. J. Microbiol.* **1975**, *8*, 274–279.

165. Samuel, P.P.; Arunachalam, N.; Hiriyan, J.; Tyagi, B.K. Host Feeding Pattern of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kuttanadu, Kerala, India. *J. Med. Entomol.* **2008**, *45*, 927–932. [CrossRef]

166. Tuno, N.; Tsuda, Y.; Takagi, M. How Zoophilic Japanese Encephalitis Vector Mosquitoes Feed on Humans. *J. Med Entomol.* **2017**, *54*, 8–13. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

167. Yap, G.; Lim, X.F.; Chan, S.; How, C.B.; Humaidi, M.; Yeo, G.; Mailepessov, D.; Kong, M.; Lai, Y.L.; Okumura, C.; et al. Serological evidence of continued Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in Singapore nearly three decades after end of pig farming. *Parasites Vectors* **2019**, *12*, 244. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

168. Rodrigues, F.; Guttikar, S.; Pinto, B. Prevalence of antibodies to Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses among wild birds in the Krishna-Godavari Delta, Andhra Pradesh, India. *Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1981**, *75*, 258–262. [CrossRef]

169. Saito, M.; Osa, Y.; Asakawa, M. Antibodies to Flaviviruses in Wild Ducks Captured in Hokkaido, Japan: Risk Assessment of Invasive Flaviviruses. *Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.* **2009**, *9*, 253–258. [CrossRef]

170. Buescher, E.L.; Scherer, W.F.; Rosenberg, M.Z.; Kutner, L.J.; McClure, H.E. Immunologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan: IV. Maternal Antibody in Birds. *J. Immunol.* **1959**, *83*, 614–619.

171. Scherer, W.F.; Buescher, E.L.; McClure, H.E. Ecologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1959**, *8*, 689–697. [CrossRef]

172. Jamgaonkar, A.V.; Yergolkar, P.N.; Geevarghese, G.; Joshi, G.D.; Joshi, M.V.; Mishra, A.C. Serological evidence for Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus infections in water frequenting and terrestrial wild birds in Kolar District, Karnataka State, India. A retrospective study. *Acta Virol.* **2003**, *47*, 185–188.
173. Yang, D.-K.; Oh, Y.-I.; Kim, H.-R.; Lee, Y.-J.; Moon, O.-K.; Yoon, H.; Kim, B.; Lee, K.-W.; Song, J.-Y. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus in wild birds captured in Korea. *J. Veter Sci.* **2011**, *12*, 373-377.
[CrossRef]

174. Lord, J.S.; Gurley, E.S.; Pulliam, J.R.C. Rethinking Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission: A Framework for Implicating Host and Vector Species. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2015**, *9*, e0004074. [CrossRef]

175. Gresser, I.; Hardy, J.L.; Hu, S.M.K.; Scherer, W.F. Factors Influencing Transmission of Japanese B Encephalitis Virus by a Colonized Strain of Culex Tritaeniorhynchus Giles, from Infected Pigs and Chicks to Susceptible Pigs and Birds. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1958**, *7*, 365-373. [CrossRef]

176. Hauerswald, H. Serological evidence for Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infections in domestic birds in Cambodia. In preparation.

177. Dhanda, V.; Banerjee, K.; Deshmukh, P.K.; Allkal, M. Experimental viraemia and transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes in domestic ducks. *Indian J. Med. Res.* **1977**, *66*, 881-888. [PubMed]

178. Frantz, L.; Meijaard, E.; Gongora, J.; Haile, J.; Groenen, M.A.M.; Larson, G. The Evolution of Suidae. *Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.* **2016**, *4*, 61-85. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

179. Nitatpattana, N.; Apiwathnasorn, C.; Barbazan, P.; Leemingsawat, S.; Yoksan, S.; Gonzalez, J.L.Z. First isolation of Japanese encephalitis from Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand. *Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health* **2005**, *36*, 875-878.

180. Thoa, N.T.K.; Vien, N.T.; Mai, T.T.; Xuan, N.T.N. Japanese encephalitis vectors: Isolation of virus from culicine mosquitoes in the Saigon area. *Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health* **1974**, *5*, 408-412.

181. Lindahl, J.; Chirico, J.; Boqvist, S.; Thu, H.T.V.; Magnusson, U. Occurrence of Japanese encephalitis virus mosquito vectors in relation to urban pig holdings. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2012**, *87*, 1076-1082. [CrossRef]

182. Huynh, T.T.T.; Aarnink, A.J.A.; Drucker, A.; Verstegen, M.W.A. Pig Production in Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, and Vietnam: A Review. *Asian J. Agric. Dev.* **2006**, *3*, 69-90.

183. Diallo, A.O.I.; Chevalier, V.; Cappelle, J.; Duong, V.; Fontenille, D.; Duboz, R. How much does direct transmission between pigs contribute to Japanese Encephalitis virus circulation? A modelling approach in Cambodia. *PLoS ONE* **2018**, *13*, e0201209. [CrossRef]

184. Zhao, S.; Lou, Y.; Chiu, A.P.; He, D. Modelling the skip-and-resurgence of Japanese encephalitis epidemics in Hong Kong. *J. Theor. Boil. 2018*, *454*, 1-10. [CrossRef]

185. Sunwoo, J.-S.; Jung, K.-H.; Lee, S.-T.; Lee, S.K.; Chu, K. Reemergence of Japanese Encephalitis in South Korea, 2010–2015. *Emerg. Infect. Dis.* **2016**, *22*, 1841–1843. [CrossRef]

186. Tandale, B.V.; Khan, S.A.; Kushwaha, K.P.; Rahman, H.; Gore, M.M.; Sapkal, G.N.; Bondre, V.P.; Srivastava, D.; Laskar, B.; Mahanta, J. Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis SA 14-14-2 live attenuated vaccine among Indian children: Retrospective 1:4 matched case-control study. *J. Infect. Public Health* **2018**, *11*, 713-719.
[CrossRef]

187. Khan, S.U.; Salje, H.; Hannan, A.; Islam, M.A.; Bhuyan, A.A.M.; Islam, M.A.; Rahman, M.Z.; Nahar, N.; Hossain, M.J.; Luby, S.P.; et al. Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission among Pigs in Northwest Bangladesh and the Potential Impact of Pig Vaccination. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2014**, *8*, e3166.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

188. Kwon, H.J.; Kang, B.J.; Lim, Y.M.; Lee, C.K. Studies on Japanese encephalitis live vaccine. II. Development of an attenuated strain of virus (Anyang strain). *Res. Rep. Off. Rural Dev.* **1975**, *17*, 95-100.

189. Chen, Y.-Y.; Fan, Y.-C.; Tu, W.-C.; Chang, R.-Y.; Shih, C.-C.; Lu, I.-H.; Chien, M.-S.; Lee, W.-C.; Chen, T.-H.; Chang, G.-J.; et al. Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype Replacement, Taiwan, 2009–2010. *Emerg. Infect. Dis.* **2011**, *17*, 2354–2356. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

190. Schuh, A.J.; Ward, M.J.; Brown, A.J.L.; Barrett, A.D.T. Dynamics of the Emergence and Establishment of a Newly Dominant Genotype of Japanese Encephalitis Virus throughout Asia. *J. Virol.* **2014**, *88*, 4522-4532.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

191. Cao, L.; Fu, S.; Gao, X.; Li, M.; Cui, S.; Li, X.; Cao, Y.; Lei, W.; Lu, Z.; He, Y.; et al. Low Protective Efficacy of the Current Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine against the Emerging Genotype 5 Japanese Encephalitis Virus. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2016**, *10*, e0004686. [CrossRef]

192. Tajima, S.; Moi, M.L.; Yagasaki, K.; Nakayama, E.; Takasaki, T.; Saijo, M.; Tomikawa, T.; Kurane, I.; Kotaki, A.; Lim, C.-K. In vitro growth, pathogenicity and serological characteristics of the Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V Muar strain. *J. Gen. Virol.* **2015**, *96*, 2661-2669. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
173. Yang, D.-K.; Oh, Y.-I.; Kim, H.-R.; Lee, Y.-J.; Moon, O.-K.; Yoon, H.; Kim, B.; Lee, K.-W.; Song, J.-Y. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus in wild birds captured in Korea. *J. Veter Sci.* **2011**, *12*, 373-377.
[CrossRef]

174. Lord, J.S.; Gurley, E.S.; Pulliam, J.R.C. Rethinking Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission: A Framework for Implicating Host and Vector Species. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2015**, *9*, e0004074. [CrossRef]

175. Gresser, I.; Hardy, J.L.; Hu, S.M.K.; Scherer, W.F. Factors Influencing Transmission of Japanese B Encephalitis Virus by a Colonized Strain of Culex Tritaeniorhynchus Giles, from Infected Pigs and Chicks to Susceptible Pigs and Birds. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **1958**, *7*, 365-373. [CrossRef]

176. Hauerswald, H. Serological evidence for Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infections in domestic birds in Cambodia. In preparation.

177. Dhanda, V.; Banerjee, K.; Deshmukh, P.K.; Alkal, M. Experimental viraemia and transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes in domestic ducks. *Indian J. Med. Res.* **1977**, *66*, 881-888. [PubMed]

178. Frantz, L.; Meijaard, E.; Gongora, J.; Haile, J.; Groenen, M.A.M.; Larson, G. The Evolution of Suidae. *Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.* **2016**, *4*, 61-85. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

179. Nitatpattana, N.; Apiwathnasorn, C.; Barbazan, P.; Leemingsawat, S.; Yoksan, S.; Gonzalez, J.L.Z. First isolation of Japanese encephalitis from Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand. *Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health* **2005**, *36*, 875-878.

180. Thoa, N.T.K.; Vien, N.T.; Mai, T.T.; Xuan, N.T.N. Japanese encephalitis vectors: Isolation of virus from culicine mosquitoes in the Saigon area. *Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health* **1974**, *5*, 408-412.

181. Lindahl, J.; Chirico, J.; Boqvist, S.; Thu, H.T.V.; Magnusson, U. Occurrence of Japanese encephalitis virus mosquito vectors in relation to urban pig holdings. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2012**, *87*, 1076-1082. [CrossRef]

182. Huynh, T.T.T.; Aarnink, A.J.A.; Drucker, A.; Verstegen, M.W.A. Pig Production in Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, and Vietnam: A Review. *Asian J. Agric. Dev.* **2006**, *3*, 69-90.

183. Diallo, A.O.I.; Chevalier, V.; Cappelle, J.; Duong, V.; Fontenille, D.; Duboz, R. How much does direct transmission between pigs contribute to Japanese Encephalitis virus circulation? A modelling approach in Cambodia. *PLoS ONE* **2018**, *13*, e0201209. [CrossRef]

184. Zhao, S.; Lou, Y.; Chiu, A.P.; He, D. Modelling the skip-and-resurgence of Japanese encephalitis epidemics in Hong Kong. *J. Theor. Boil. 2018*, *454*, 1-10. [CrossRef]

185. Sunwoo, J.-S.; Jung, K.-H.; Lee, S.-T.; Lee, S.K.; Chu, K. Reemergence of Japanese Encephalitis in South Korea, 2010–2015. *Emerg. Infect. Dis.* **2016**, *22*, 1841–1843. [CrossRef]

186. Tandale, B.V.; Khan, S.A.; Kushwaha, K.P.; Rahman, H.; Gore, M.M.; Sapkal, G.N.; Bondre, V.P.; Srivastava, D.; Laskar, B.; Mahanta, J. Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis SA 14-14-2 live attenuated vaccine among Indian children: Retrospective 1:4 matched case-control study. *J. Infect. Public Health* **2018**, *11*, 713-719.
[CrossRef]

187. Khan, S.U.; Salje, H.; Hannan, A.; Islam, M.A.; Bhuyan, A.A.M.; Islam, M.A.; Rahman, M.Z.; Nahar, N.; Hossain, M.J.; Luby, S.P.; et al. Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission among Pigs in Northwest Bangladesh and the Potential Impact of Pig Vaccination. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2014**, *8*, e3166.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

188. Kwon, H.J.; Kang, B.J.; Lim, Y.M.; Lee, C.K. Studies on Japanese encephalitis live vaccine. II. Development of an attenuated strain of virus (Anyang strain). *Res. Rep. Off. Rural Dev.* **1975**, *17*, 95-100.

189. Chen, Y.-Y.; Fan, Y.-C.; Tu, W.-C.; Chang, R.-Y.; Shih, C.-C.; Lu, I.-H.; Chien, M.-S.; Lee, W.-C.; Chen, T.-H.; Chang, G.-J.; et al. Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype Replacement, Taiwan, 2009–2010. *Emerg. Infect. Dis.* **2011**, *17*, 2354–2356. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

190. Schuh, A.J.; Ward, M.J.; Brown, A.J.L.; Barrett, A.D.T. Dynamics of the Emergence and Establishment of a Newly Dominant Genotype of Japanese Encephalitis Virus throughout Asia. *J. Virol.* **2014**, *88*, 4522-4532.
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

191. Cao, L.; Fu, S.; Gao, X.; Li, M.; Cui, S.; Li, X.; Cao, Y.; Lei, W.; Lu, Z.; He, Y.; et al. Low Protective Efficacy of the Current Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine against the Emerging Genotype 5 Japanese Encephalitis Virus. *PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.* **2016**, *10*, e0004686. [CrossRef]

192. Tajima, S.; Moi, M.L.; Yagasaki, K.; Nakayama, E.; Takasaki, T.; Saijo, M.; Tomikawa, T.; Kurane, I.; Kotaki, A.; Lim, C.-K. In vitro growth, pathogenicity and serological characteristics of the Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V Muar strain. *J. Gen. Virol.* **2015**, *96*, 2661-2669. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
193. Oliveira, A.R.S.; Cohnstaedt, L.W.; Cernicchiaro, N. Japanese Encephalitis Virus: Placing Disease Vectors in the Epidemiologic Triad. *Ann. Éntomol. Soc. Am.* **2018**, *111*, 295–303. [CrossRef]

194. Diallo, A.O.; Chevalier, V.; Cappelle, J.; Duboz, R.; Didier, F.; Benoit, D. Modelling and assessment of combining gilt vaccination, vector control and pig herd management to control Japanese Encephalitis virus transmission in Southeast Asia. *BioRxiv* **2018**. [CrossRef]

195. Ben-Dov, E. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins. *Toxins* **2014**, *6*, 1222–1243. [CrossRef]

196. Wiwattanawanichakun, P.; Ratwatthananon, A.; Poonsri, W.; Yooboon, T.; Pluempanupat, W.; Piyasaengthong, N.; Nobsathian, S.; Bullangpoti, V. The Possibility of Using Isolated Alkaloid Compounds and Crude Extracts of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) as Larvicidal Control Agents for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. *J. Med. Entomol.* **2018**, *55*, 1231–1236. [CrossRef]

197. Govindarajan, M.; Vaseeharan, B.; Alharbi, N.S.; Kadaikunnan, S.; Khaled, J.M.; Al-Anbr, M.N.; Alyahya, S.A.; Maggi, F.; Benelli, G. High efficacy of (Z)-γ-bisabolene from the essential oil of Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae) as larvicide and oviposition deterrent against six mosquito vectors. *Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.* **2018**, *25*, 10555–10566. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

198. Dutta, P.; Khan, S.A.; Khan, A.M.; Borah, J.; Sarmah, C.K.; Mahanta, J. The Effect of Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets (ITMNs) on Japanese Encephalitis Virus Seroconversion in Pigs and Humans. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2011**, *84*, 466–472. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
193. Oliveira, A.R.S.; Cohnstaedt, L.W.; Cernicchiaro, N. Japanese Encephalitis Virus: Placing Disease Vectors in the Epidemiologic Triad. *Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.* **2018**, *111*, 295–303. [CrossRef]

194. Diallo, A.O.; Chevalier, V.; Cappelle, J.; Duboz, R.; Didier, F.; Benoit, D. Modelling and assessment of combining gilt vaccination, vector control and pig herd management to control Japanese Encephalitis virus transmission in Southeast Asia. *BioRxiv* **2018**. [CrossRef]

195. Ben-Dov, E. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Its Dipteran-Specific Toxins. *Toxins* **2014**, *6*, 1222–1243. [CrossRef]

196. Wiwattanawanichakun, P.; Ratwatthananon, A.; Poonsri, W.; Yooboon, T.; Pluempanupat, W.; Piyasaengthong, N.; Nobsathian, S.; Bullangpoti, V. The Possibility of Using Isolated Alkaloid Compounds and Crude Extracts of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) as Larvicidal Control Agents for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. *J. Med. Entomol.* **2018**, *55*, 1231–1236. [CrossRef]

197. Govindarajan, M.; Vaseeharan, B.; Alharbi, N.S.; Kadaikunnan, S.; Khaled, J.M.; Al-Anbr, M.N.; Alyahya, S.A.; Maggi, F.; Benelli, G. High efficacy of (Z)-γ-bisabolene from the essential oil of Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae) as larvicide and oviposition deterrent against six mosquito vectors. *Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.* **2018**, *25*, 10555–10566. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

198. Dutta, P.; Khan, S.A.; Khan, A.M.; Borah, J.; Sarmah, C.K.; Mahanta, J. The Effect of Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets (ITMNs) on Japanese Encephalitis Virus Seroconversion in Pigs and Humans. *Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.* **2011**, *84*, 466–472. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).