# Phenotyping for the response to drought and high temperatures in a diversity of scenarios

François Tardieu, Emilie Millet, Santiago Alvarez Prado, Aude Coupel-Ledru, Llorenç Cabrera Bosquet, Sébastien Lacube, Boris Parent, Claude Welcker

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## To cite this version:

François Tardieu, Emilie Millet, Santiago Alvarez Prado, Aude Coupel-Ledru, Llorenç Cabrera Bosquet, et al.. Phenotyping for the response to drought and high temperatures in a diversity of scenarios. Interdrought V, Feb 2017, Hyderabad, India. 2017. [hal-01607538](https://hal.science/hal-01607538)

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## Field-based phenotyping for drought tolerance in maize – focus on breeder's wish-list

P.H. Zaidi<fnref n="1" />*, M.T. Vinayan<fnref n="1" />, K. Seetharam<fnref n="1" />, Ramesh Kumar<fnref n="2" />, Salahuddin Ahmed<fnref n="3" />, Do Van Dung<fnref n="4" />, Dang Ngoc Ha<fnref n="4" />, R.B. Dubey<fnref n="5" />, B.S. Vivek<fnref n="1" />

High-quality phenotyping data is the key to success in genetic improvement for targeted traits, irrespective of the breeding approach, whether conventional or molecular breeding. Breeders generate different types of breeding populations, screen for the targeted traits, and select among a large number of segregating progenies the top-ranking progenies for use in their breeding program. In molecular breeding approach, progenies are genotyped and phenotyped, and selections are done on the basis of genotype-phenotype association, and favourable alleles are taken forward for use in breeding program. However, the key to success remains dependent on high-quality phenotyping data support. In CIMMYT-Asia maize program, we focus on precision in field-based phenotyping, including selection of appropriate phenotyping location and field, suitable cropping season in order to achieve targeted stress, managed stress phenotyping

under field (or field-type) conditions to simulate drought stress relevant in target potential environment (TPE), and use of tools to keep track with stress intensity with uniformity within phenotyping site. By following the standardized protocol, we are able achieve good broad-sense heritability at each site in multi-location managed stress trials for drought tolerance phenotyping. In terms of plant traits for phenotyping and selection criteria, more emphasis is given on breeder's wish-list in selecting genotypes, which could eventually be used in developing the final product with agronomically desirable traits in TPE. In the case of molecular breeding projects, traits are further dissected into its components, which helps identify favourable gene/alleles associated with desirable components traits, and that could be taken forward on introgression into elite genetic background but lack tolerance to a targeted abiotic stress.

## Phenotyping for the response to drought and high temperatures in a diversity of scenarios

François Tardieu<fnref n="1" />, Emilie J. Millet<fnref n="1" />, Santiago Alvarez Prado<fnref n="1" />, Aude Coupel-Ledru<fnref n="1" />, LlorençCabrera-Bosquet<fnref n="1" />, Sébastien Lacube<fnref n="1" />, Boris Parent<fnref n="1" />, Claude Welcker<fnref n="1" />

The plant science community has to design new genotypes that are able to cope with the diversity of environmental conditions linked to climate change. A major issue is to combine genomic selection with knowledge originating from phenotyping. We have adopted for that a multi-scale multi-environment approach. In the field, it consisted of clustering time courses of environmental variables over Europe into six scenarios of temperature and water deficit experienced by plants; of performing field experiments in 29 contrasting environmental conditions across Europe with a panel of 250 maize hybrids; assigning individual experiments to previously defined scenarios, and finally analysing the genetic variation of plant performance for each environmental scenario via genome wide association studies (GWAS). Large variations of QTL effects depending on envi-

ronmental scenarios resulted in a pattern associated with each QTL. In a phenotyping platform (Phenoarch), we have estimated intercepted light and radiation use efficiency of each hybrid of the same panel via a functional-structural model using 3D reconstructions of each plant, and the sensitivity of growth to water deficit of each hybrid via a joint analysis of several experiments with contrasting light, evaporative demand and soil water potential. As a whole, the combination of field and platform approaches results in a dataset that allows one to identify genomic regions associated with tolerance in specific scenarios of heat and drought, and with traits associated to these genomic regions. Finally, models allow identifying geographical regions in which a given combination of alleles is likely to have comparative advantages.

<footnote n="1">¹CIMMYT-Asia Maize Program, ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, India.</footnote>

<footnote n="2">²Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana (Punjab), India</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴National Maize Research Program, Ha Noi, Vietnam</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India</footnote>

<footnote>*E-mail: phzaidi@cgair.org</footnote>

<footnote n="1">¹INRA LEPSE, Montpellier, France</footnote>

<footnote>*E-mail: francois.tardieu@supagro.inra.fr</footnote>