# Background concepts of landscape and territory agronomy

Davide Rizzo

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## To cite this version:

Davide Rizzo. Background concepts of landscape and territory agronomy. Doctoral. Spring School Landscape and Territory Agronomy, Pisa, Italy. 2015. [hal-03979613](https://hal.science/hal-03979613)

HAL Id: hal-03979613

https://hal.science/hal-03979613

Submitted on 8 Feb 2023

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INSTITUTE
OF LIFE
SCIENCES

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Scuola Superiore
Sant'Anna

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INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

AgroParisTech

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INSTITUT D'ÉTUDES ET INDUSTRIES DU VIEUX ET DU CIVILISATION
INSTITUT D'ÉTUDES ET INDUSTRIES DU VIEUX ET DU CIVILISATION
UNIVERSITÉ DE L'EVREUX ET DU CIVILISATION
UNIVERSITÉ DE L'EVREUX ET DU CIVILISATION
TECHNIQUES DE L'ETUDE, DU PAYS ET DU CIVILISATION

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LaSalle★

Beauvais • Institut Polytechnique

Sciences de la Terre, du Vivant et de l'environnement

BACKGROUND CONCEPTS IN

LANDSCAPE & TERRITORY

AGRONOMY

Spring School Landscape and
Territory Agronomy 2015

'Interactions between
ecosystems services and land
use management'

Pisa 23-27 March 2015

Davide RIZZO

This Spring School received financial support from the International Doctorate Programme in
Agrobiodiversity of the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
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Spring School
Landscape & Territory
Agronomy 2015
'Interactions
between ecosystems
services and land
use management'
Pisa 23-27 March 2015

BACKGROUND CONCEPTS IN
LANDSCAPE & TERRITORY
AGRONOMY

INRA UMR AGIR
'équipe Magellan
Castanet-Tolosan, France
# WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

Different approaches to deal with a complex system

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MANY CONCEPTS

FOSTERING A COMMON
FRAMEWORK
# CONTENTS

## SECTION 1 | Background

1/2 Land management issues

2/2 Current approaches

## SECTION 2 | Conceptual framework

1/2 Landscape agronomy and ALaDyn

2/2 Territory agronomy

## CONCLUSIONS

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# BACKGROUND 1/2

## AN INTRODUCTION TO LAND MANAGEMENT ISSUES

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# WHY DEALING WITH LANDSCAPE?

→ Because at this wider level it is possible to involve the other actors with the farmers... to work in a **shared space** especially for issues to be tackled at a community level

→ To allow for **multifunctionality** of agriculture and rural land and the integration of activities different from production some of which area at a territorial level **biodiversity management, prevention of natural hazards, transformation and adaptation to climate change, ...**

→ To make science capable of expected impact, where the land plays the role of **integrative platform** of decision-making processes and framework for action

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# MULTIPLE LAND MANAGEMENT UNITS

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Opportunity for agronomists to deal with complex land management issues related to agricultural activities
→ landscape perspective

BENOIT, RIZZO ET AL. 2012

LARDON ET AL. 2012

Increasing attention of agronomy for the territorial aspects of agriculture
→ emerging social expectations, research gaps

BOIFFIN ET AL. 2014
# LAND MANAGEMENT ISSUES

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single farm plots

other plots

woods, hedges

municipal
boundaries

catchment
protection area

water agency
boundaries

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CF MARRACCINI ET AL. IFSA 2012

## A SHARED PLACE FOR DIFFERENT SPACES OF ACTION
FIELD IN CONTEXT → FARMLAND

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Practices: variations implemented by
farmers about a « theoretical » technique

Agricultural system
crop sequences & crop management practices

Farmland management: spatio-temporal and functional organization of agricultural systems on the fields belonging to the same farm
each field is managed in function on what is performed on the other fields

THENAIL. 2014

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INRA

SAD-Paysage

DORÉ ET AL. 2006.

L'AGRONOMIE AUJOURD'HUI. ED QUAE
FIELD IN CONTEXT → DYNAMICS

TIME

Design of
agricultural (crop &
pasture) systems

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Ensuring a crop
pattern from year to
year

SURFACE

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SPACE

Logistics and
circulation within
the farmland

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QUANTITY
& QUALITY

Crop production
Feeding and management
of livestock

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THENAIL. 2014

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INRA

SAD-Paysage

DORÉ ET AL. 2006.

L'AGRONOMIE AUJOURD'HUI. ED QUAЕ
# EXAMPLE: WATERSHED & FARMLANDS

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Cow pastures

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Cash crop, corn/wheat

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Corn/wheat/Ray grass 2-3 years

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Corn/wheat/Ray grass 4-6 years

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Permanent grasslands

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THENAIL, BAUDRY, LE CŒUR 2004
# BACKGROUND 1/2

## WIDENING THE PESPECTIVE FROM FROM FIELD AND FARM TO LAND SYSTEM

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# AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION PEAKS

Although yields continue to increase in many areas, we find that across 24-39% of maize, rice, wheat- and soybean-growing areas, yields either never improve, stagnate or collapse

RAY ET AL. 2012. NAT COMMUN

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2 major strategies for greater food production in existing croplands

* increasing 'land productivity' → + food per unit area

* increasing 'water productivity' → + food per unit of water

ACEVEDO 2011. ENV CONSERV

complex interactions depend on limiting factors (land, water)
# INTEGRATED PRODUCTION-CONSERVATION MODEL

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ACEVEDO 2011. ENV CONSERV

WHERE ARE THE ACTORS
(AND THEIR CONFLICTS?)
# LAND CHANGE SCIENCE (MODELLERS)

land **change** science

land **system** science

land system **architecture**

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Global
LAND
Project

Global land project

futurearth
research for global sustainability

Future Earth

Session at the Open science program

UNDERSTANDING **FARMING PRACTICES**
TO RETHINK LAND CHANGE TRANSITIONS

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Wordle.net

First 50
words
from
abstracts

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# AGROECOLOGY...

a scientific approach used to study,
diagnose and propose alternative low-
input management of agroecosystems

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 27 (1989) 37-46
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam — Printed in The Netherlands

## Agroecology: A New Research and Development Paradigm for World Agriculture

MIGUEL A. ALTIERI

Division of Biological Control, University of California, Berkeley, 1050 San Pablo Avenue, Albany, CA 94706 (U.S.A.)

(Accepted for publication 19 April 1989)

Time (yr)

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Social Sciences

Economics

Natural Sciences

SMALL ROOM FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES
### LE PROJET POLITIQUE

Conférence nationale
Produisons Autrement
18 décembre 2012

# "Faire de l'agro-écologie une force pour la France"

## Les programmes d'action :

* 🏠 Ecophyto

* 🏠 Ecoantibio

* 🏠 Apiculture durable

* 🏠 Ambition bio 2017

* 🏠 Plan Énergie Méthanisation
Autonomie Azote

* 🏠 Semences et agriculture durable

AGRICULTURES
PRODUISONS
AUTREMENT

PROJET
AGRO-ÉCOLOGIQUE
POUR LA FRANCE

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# L'APPROCHE GLOBALE : CAPITALISER, DIFFUSER, INCITER

http://agriculture.gouv.fr/Produisons-autrement
# DESIGN (WITH) FARMING PRACTICES

Agron. Sustain. Dev. (2012) 32:15-29
DOI 10.1007/s13593-011-0027-z

REVIEW ARTICLE

Designing cropping systems from nature

Eric Malézieux

Agron. Sustain. Dev. (2014) 34:623-632
DOI 10.1007/s13593-013-0177-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Farmers and agronomists design new biological agricultural practices for organic cropping systems in France

Vincent Lefèvre · Mathieu Capitaine · Joséphine Peigné ·
Jean Roger-Estrade

Farmscaping aims to prevent damaging levels of pests from developing in the crop ecosystem.

Agron. Sustain. Dev.
DOI 10.1007/s13593-013-0181-6

REVIEW ARTICLE

Permaculture for agroecology: design, movement, practice, and worldview. A review

Rafter Sass Ferguson · Sarah Taylor Lovell

Gestion des espaces et pratiques agricoles

Système écologique

Système socioéconomique

Connectivité
Diversité
Densité

Prairies

Services
intrants

Services écosystémiques
(production et non marchands)

Acteurs
des filières

Gestionnaires
de ressources

Agricriteurs

Services socio-
économiques

Coordination
Apprentissages

Farming system design for innovative crop-livestock integration in Europe

M. Moraine<fnref n="1" />†, M. Duru<fnref n="1" />, P. Nicholas², P. Leterme³ and O. Therond<fnref n="1" />

DESIGNING AGROECOSYSTEM
OR SYSTEMS OF PRACTICES

<footnote n="1">¹INRA, UMR 1248 AGIR, F-31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; ²Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK; ³INRA, Agrocampus, UMR 1069 SAS, F-35042 Rennes, France</footnote>
# FARMING SYSTEM DESIGN

5th | International Symposium
for Farming Systems Design

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Agricultural systems
by design

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SEPTEMBER
7-10, 2015

MONTPELLIER
France

an informal interdisciplinary **scientific community of practice** to promote research and capacity building on farming systems design.

## Focus on

- farm system level, interactions and feedbacks at lower and higher levels of integration

- tools and methods required for understanding and implementing multi-functional farming systems expressing good trade-offs between agricultural production and ecosystems services

GROWING LANDSCAPES-
CULTIVATING INNOVATIVE
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

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ESA14

EDINBURGH, SEPTEMBER 5-9, 2016

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ESA, DIVISION 3
Cropping Systems at Farm, Regional and Global Scales
# LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY: PATTERNS & PROCESSES

## An agroecosystem perspective (e.g., field-margin complex)

GREAVES & MARSHALL, 1987

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Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89 (2002) 5-21

Agriculture
Ecosystems &
Environment

www.elsevier.com/locate/agec

Field margins in northern Europe:
their functions and interactions with agriculture

E.J.P. Marshall<sup>a,*</sup>, A.C. Moonen<sup>b</sup>

Field as puzzle piece in a
system composed of
mosaics and networks

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INRA

SCIENCE & IMPACT

AGIR

UMR 1248 INRA / INPT

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Equipe MAGELLAN

Méthodes pour l'Agroécologie et la
Gestion Locale des ressources Agricoles et Naturelles

D. RIZZO, 26 March 2015

BACKGROUND CONCEPTS

<footnote><sup>a</sup> IACR Long Ashton Research Station, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bristol, Long Ashton, Bristol BS41 9AF, UK
<sup>b</sup> Scuola Superiore S. Anna, Via Carducci 40, 56127 Pisa, Italy</footnote>
# FARMING AS A BUNDLE OF PROCESSES IN SPACE

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Thenail C (2015) Comprendre et accompagner la gestion agricole des ressources paysagères. Une contribution à l'agronomie des territoires et paysages. HDR, Université de Lorraine (FRA)
ECOAGRICULTURE /1

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The Science
and Practice
of Ecoagriculture

Edited by
Sara J. Scherr and Jeffrey A. McNeely

PHILOSOPHICAL
TRANSACTIONS
OF
THE ROYAL
SOCIETY

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Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2008) 363, 477–494
doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2165

Published online 25 July 2007

Biodiversity conservation and agricultural
sustainability: towards a new paradigm
of ‘ecoagriculture’ landscapes

Sara J. Scherr¹ and Jeffrey A. McNeely²,*
¹Ecoagriculture Partners, Washington, DC 20001, USA

Scherr et al. Agriculture & Food Security 2012, 1:12

http://www.agricultureandfoodsecurity.com/content/1/1/12

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Agriculture &
Food Security

Open Access

REVIEW

From climate-smart agriculture to climate-smart
landscapes

Sara J Scherr*, Seth Shames and Rachel Friedman

Scherr SJ, McNeely JA (2012) Farming with Nature: The Science and Practice of Ecoagriculture. Island Press

Scherr SJ, McNeely JA (2008) Biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability: towards a new paradigm of “ecoagriculture” landscapes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363:477–494. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2165
Foro Global de Paisajes

REDD+ como un medio para lograr un desarrollo verde
en la región Madre de Dios

El Gobierno Regional de Madre de Dios y WWF Perú presentan los avances y lecciones aprendidas durante el proceso REDD+ en la región como un modelo para la Amazonia peruana.

Sábado 6 de diciembre del 2014
8:45 a.m.

Hotel Westin
Calle Las Begonias 450, San Isidro

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Global Landscapes Forum | Lima
6 - 7 December 2014

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GLF, held alongside the UN climate negotiations, create a platform for positioning landscapes in the new international agreements on climate and sustainable development.

CIFOR (FAO for the forest)

CGIAR

....
# LANDSCAPE APPROACH...

## MODULE 2:

### MANAGING LANDSCAPES FOR CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

**Overview**

This module describes how a gradual transition to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) can take place. The first section describes the landscape approach and explains why this approach should be followed when moving towards CSA. In a landscape approach, the management of production systems and natural resources covers an area large enough to produce vital ecosystem services, but small enough to be managed by the people using the land which is producing those services.

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Photo credit: Foto Rudolf, Bogotá; www.rudolf.com

FAO report for the development of climate-smart agricultural systems based on a landscape approach

SAYER ET AL. 2013

FAO 2013

1. **resources**
identify risks and preserving resources

2. **coordination**
between sectors & actors

3. **livelihood**
for local communities

4. **synergy**
between users and planners

KISSINGER ET AL. 2013
CHINA'S URBAN SPRAWL RAISES KEY QUESTION: CAN IT FEED ITS PEOPLE?

PHOTOGRAPH: AFP/GETTY IMAGES FOR THEGUARDIAN.COM

http://bit.ly/19JBWuN

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BREAK

D. RIZZO, 26 March 2015

BACKGROUND CONCEPTS
CONCEPTS 1/2

LANDSCAPE AGRONOMY TO ADDRESS AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS

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# INSTITUTIONAL INSPIRATIONS

## CONSTITUTION OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC

Art. 9
The Republic promotes the development of culture and of scientific and technical research. It safeguards the landscape and the historical and artistic heritage of the Nation.

## EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION

Art 1a
"Landscape" means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action & interaction of natural and/or human factors

territorial dimension of human rights and democracy

## COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY

Maintaining ecosystem services requires investing in Green Infrastructure

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Brussels, 6.5.2013
COM(2013) 249 final

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

Green Infrastructure (GI) — Enhancing Europe's Natural Capital

{SWD(2013) 155 final}
# AGRONOMY : ADDRESSING FIELD MANAGEMENT

αγρονόμος

Wordle.net, prime 30 parole degli atti

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Agros →ager
Cultivated fields

Nomos → technical rules
Framing the practices

«overseer of land»
# THE LANDSCAPE BEYOND THE « AGER »

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### Protect Natural Habitats

Incentives to protect natural forests and grasslands include certification, payment for climate services, securing land tenure rights, and community fire control.

### Restore Degraded Watersheds and Rangelands

Degradation costs livelihood assets and essential watershed functions; restoration can be a win-win strategy for addressing climate change, rural poverty, and water scarcity.

### Enrich Soil Carbon

Agricultural soils can be managed to reduce emissions by minimizing tillage, reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers, preventing erosion, increasing organic matter content, and adding biochar.

### Climate-Friendly Livestock Systems

Climate-friendly livestock production requires rotational grazing systems, manure management, methane capture, improved feeds, as well as an overall reduction in livestock numbers.

### Farm with Perennials

Perennial crops, like grasses, palms, and trees, maintain and develop their root system, capture carbon, increase water infiltration, and reduce erosion.

Image credit: Scherr SJ, Shames S, Friedman R (2012) Agric & Food Secur 1:1–15
# LAND MANAGEMENT DYNAMICS

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Monte Pisano, Tuscany (Italy) photo: Rizzo D.

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OLD IMPLICIT BALANCE

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TRANSITION

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NEW EXPLICIT BALANCE
LOCATING INTERACTIONS BW AGRICULTURE & NATURE

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Occurrences of the term landscape &...
in scientific literature (1990-2012)

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Agronomia aziendale e agronomia del territorio (*)

Riv. di Agron., 1996, 30, 3 Suppl., 310-319

Luigi Cavazza (*)

LAND AGRONOMY 1996

La revue agronomique vérificatasi nel corso di questo secolo circa gli aspetti della scienza agronomica del territorio e se ne propone un'organica sistemazione come ben definita branca a sé stante. Si tratta di un'agronomia del territorio e di quest'ultima si delinea no gli obiettivi essenziali tra l'agronomia aziendale e l'agronomia del territorio, mettendone in evidenza differenze distintive e ciò tanto in generale che per specifici campi d'applicazione. Si citano esempi di tematiche di studio agronomico del territorio e di elementari e leggi caratteristici dell'agronomia del territorio, riferentisi a particolari settori applicativi.

Parole chiave: agronomia aziendale, agronomia territoriale, ambiente.

**Summary**

## Summary

### FARM AGRONOMY AND LAND AGRONOMY

The evolution occurred in the past century in the agronomic science directed to the study of land and its environment. An organic science set up of this branch of the agronomic science is attempted. Main differences and land agronomy are evidenced and objectives of the latter are outlined. Elementary con- nection are described and distinguishing differences in techniques, both in general and in particular. Examples are given for specific applications.

Examples are given for specific applications.

**Key words:** farm agronomy, land agronomy, environment.

POUR UNE THÉORIE DU MÉNAGE DES CHAMPS :
L'AGRONOMIE DES TERRITOIRES
FOR A THEORY OF FIELD MANAGEMENT:
AN AGRONOMY OF TERRITORIES

par François Papy (*)

AGRONOMY OF THE TERRITORY 2001

POUR UNE AGRONOMIE DU TERRITOIRE :
PRENDRE EN COMPTE L'ESPACE POUR ACCOMPAGNER
LE CHANGEMENT TECHNIQUE
TAKING SPACE INTO ACCOUNT
TO GO ALONG WITH TECHNICAL CHANGE :
AN AGRONOMY OF THE TERRITORY

par Sylvie Lardon (*), Jean-Pierre Deffontaines (**)
et Pierre-Louis Osty (***)
# TOWARDS A COMMON FRAMEWORK

Satellite Session: Education in landscape and territory agronomy

## Experiences from a winter school on landscape agronomy: stakes, difficulties, perspectives

Hélène Rapeyª, Sylvie Lardonᵇ, Mariassunta Galliᶜ, Camilla Moonenᶜ, Marc Benoitᵈ, Claudine Thenailᵉ, Paolo Barberiᵉ, Patrick Caronᵉ, Elisa Marracciniᵃ, Davide Rizzoᶜ, Enrico Bonariᶜ

ªCEMAGREF, UMR Métafort, EEA, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ᵇINRA/AgroParisTech, UMR Métafort, POP'TER, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ᶜScuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Land Lab, Pisa, Italy; ᵈINRA, SAD, UR055, Mirecourt, France; ᵉINRA, SAD-Paysage, Rennes, France; ṼCIRAD, ES, Montpellier, France - helene.ropey@cemagref.fr

WS5.4 - Education in landscape and territory agronomy

## A winter school in landscape agronomy and the synergies it created

Anna-Camilla Moonenª, Mariassunta Galliª, Sylvie Lardonᵇ, Hélène Rapeyᶜ, Nicola Silvestriᵈ, Marc Benoitᵉ, Claudine Thenailᵉ, Elisa Marracciniᵃ, Davide Rizzoᵃ, Marta Deboliniª, Paolo Barberiª and Enrico Bonariª

ªLand Lab - Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (Pisa, Italy), moonen@sssup.it

ᵇUMR Métafort - INRA Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement (SAD & AgroParisTech (Clermont-Ferrand, France)

ᶜUMR Métafort - Cemagref (Clermont-Ferrand, France)

ᵈDAGA, University of Pisa (Pisa, Italy)

ᵉINRA Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement (SAD), UR055, (Mirecourt, France)

ᵉINRA Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement (SAD), Paysage (Rennes, France)

1ST WINTER SCHOOL 2007

2ND WINTER SCHOOL 2009

SATELLITE SESSIONS AT INTERNATIONAL FARMING SYSTEM ASSOCIATION (IFSA)

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# AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS

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* **Characterizing** landscape patterns as a result of farming practices

* **Understanding** farming practices to assess current landscape patterns

* **Improving** tools to design future agricultural landscapes

Landscape Ecol
DOI 10.1007/s10980-012-9802-8

## PERSPECTIVE

Landscape agronomy: a new field for addressing agricultural landscape dynamics

Marc Benoît · Davide Rizzo · Elisa Marraccini · Anna Camilla Moonen · Mariassunta Galli · Sylvie Lardon · Hélène Rapey · Claudine Thenail

Enrico Bonari
# AGRICULTURAL LAND MANAGEMENT UNITS

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Rizzo D, Marraccini E, Lardon S, et al. (2013) Farming systems designing landscapes: land management units at the interface between agronomy and geography. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 113:71-86. doi: 10.1080/00167223.2013.849391
TWO METHODS TO TACKLE WITH LMU

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Rizzo D, Marraccini E, Lardon S, et al. (2013) Farming systems designing landscapes: land management units at the interface between agronomy and geography. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 113:71-86. doi: 10.1080/00167223.2013.849391
# IN SUMMARY...

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What are the **levers of action** to support or reorient these practices?

Are the **policies** appropriate?

How are farmer practices **influenced** by landscape features?

Are the proposals for new multifunctional landscapes sustainable to combine practices for landscape **management and** practices for **production** management?
CONCEPTS 2/2

TERRITORY AGRONOMY : WIDENING THE PERSPECTIVE

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# TERRITORY AGRONOMY

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Lardon et al. 2012, IFSA Book

## CONTEXT

Farming practices together with all the different land management activities

## PROJECT

Visions and representations can help understanding spatial patterns

## INTERDISCIPLINARITY

original disciplinary backgrounds Agronomy, Ecology and Geography, combined and placed in a spatio-temporal and social context, create the synergies and innovation

## EDUCATION & EXTENSION

How to improve capabilities of future professionals and researcher at dealing with territorial issues?
# TERRITORIAL PERSPECTIVE TO LAND MANAGEMENT

**Observer** (décrire) et **comprendre** (modéliser) l'organisation spatiale des pratiques et des systèmes productifs agricoles en relation avec :

* la (non)hiérarchie entre pratiques agricoles individuelles et collectives

* l'impact de **conseil** technique, "services d'appui" et la formation sur le tripode pratique-ressources-patrons spatiaux

* l'influence (perturbations) des **investissements** agroindustriels

* le rôle de l'agriculture comme **levier** de la gestion des milieux et des ressources (paysages)

... pour **accompagner** les sociétés locales dans le pilotage des dynamiques des paysages vers les buts souhaités

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<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>AGRONOMY</th><th>AGROECOLOGY</th><th>GEO-AGRONOMY</th><th>LANDSCAPE AGRONOMY</th><th>TERRITORY AGRONOMY</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>MAIN SCOPE</th><td>Improving farming practices for crop and livestock production, understanding their use of or impact on natural resources</td><td>Modelling and improving the relationships between land use patterns and agro-environmental processes</td><td>Modelling and explaining the spatial organisation of farming practices and systems</td><td>Modelling and improving the relationships between natural resources, landscape patterns and farming practices with a landscape approach</td><td>Supporting stakeholders in the management of place-based socio-ecological processes</td></tr><tr><th>SPATIAL SCALE</th><td>→ local to global</td><td>→ local to regional</td><td>→ local to regional</td><td>→ regional</td><td>→ regional</td></tr><tr><th>TEMPORAL SCALE</th><td>Crop, field, farm, (globe)</td><td>Agroecosystem</td><td>Farmland, watershed</td><td>Landscape</td><td>Landscape, administrative areas, regions</td></tr><tr><th>STAKEHOLDERS</th><td>Cropping season, crop rotation (nutrient cycle)</td><td>Crop rotation, agro-environmental processes, (weed and pests life cycle)</td><td>cropping season, crop rotation, agro-environmental processes</td><td>single farm project to farming system dynamics</td><td>policy and stakeholders projects formulation and lifespan, farming systems dynamics</td></tr><tr><th>FARMING PRACTICES</th><td>•</td><td>•</td><td>•</td><td>•</td><td>#¹</td></tr><tr><th>NATURAL RESOURCES</th><td>•</td><td>•</td><td>#</td><td>•</td><td>•</td></tr><tr><th>LANDSCAPE PATTERNS</th><td></td><td>#</td><td>•</td><td>•</td><td>•</td></tr></tbody></table>

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WORKSHOP " La Géo en prospective"

Brest 23 - 26 septembre 2012

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Cnrs

magis

GEO-DH UBO

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Modélisation prospective des LUCC

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# COMPANION MODELLING

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THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY

Role individuals in the communities

Use of (simplified) models as « intermediary objects » (transaction costs)

Making explicit the different types of knowledge

Improving community learning and awareness

EMPOWERMENT FOR RESILIENCE

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# LANDSCAPE AS THE ARENA

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where structural features and
social constriction converge

Pinto-Correia & Kristensen
2013

Linking research to practice: The
landscape as the basis for integrating
social and ecological perspectives of
the rural (Landsc. Urban Plan.)
CONCLUSIONS

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INRA
SCIENCE & IMPACT

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UMR 1248 INRA / INPT

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**Equipe MAGELLAN**

Méthodes pour l'Agroécologie et la

Gestion Locale des ressources Agricoles et Naturelles

D. RIZZO, 26 March 2015

BACKGROUND CONCEPTS
# HOW CAN AGRONOMY ADDRESS LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS?

## AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM

### Crop / pasture type

- sequence in time

- pattern in space

### Farming practices

- scheduling

- intensity

two crucial
farmer'
choices

SEBILLOTTE 1974

## « FORCE FIELDS »

### Land management issues

- tenure

- Shape

- accessibility

### Environmental processes

- morphology

- climate

- networks and flows

Dynamics of
multiple
drivers

DEFFONTAINES 2006

## SOCIO-TECHNICAL & SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

OSTROM 2009
TAKE HOME MESSAGE

- MULTIPLE LAND MANAGEMENT ISSUES

- ≠ LAND UNITS (FOR MANAGING & MODELING)

- THREE POLES TO BE TACKLED

- COUPLING FARM MANAGEMENT & LANDSCAPE DESIGN

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Monte Pisano, Tuscany (Italy)

Photo Rizzo D.

Grazie per l'attenzione

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<figure><img src="image_107.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 1 - Relations entre techniques et pratiques :
Savoir → faire et faire → savoir.</figcaption></figure>

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