<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

HAL
open science

# Nutrition and sustainable development goal: reduced inequalities

Emmanuel Cohen

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

## To cite this version:

Emmanuel Cohen. Nutrition and sustainable development goal: reduced inequalities. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2025, 12, pp.1557562. 10.3389/fnut.2025.1557562. hal-05410324

HAL Id: hal-05410324

https://hal.science/hal-05410324v1

Submitted on 11 Dec 2025

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

Check for updates

OPEN ACCESS

EDITED AND REVIEWED BY
Mauro Serafini,
University of Teramo, Italy

*CORRESPONDENCE
Emmanuel Cohen
emmcohen@outlook.fr

RECEIVED 08 January 2025
ACCEPTED 16 January 2025
PUBLISHED 29 January 2025

CITATION
Cohen E (2025) Editorial: Nutrition and sustainable development goal 10: reduced inequalities. *Front. Nutr.* 12:1557562.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1557562

COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Cohen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

# Editorial: Nutrition and sustainable development goal 10: reduced inequalities

Emmanuel Cohen*

Eco-Anthropology (EA UMR 7206), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France

KEYWORDS

nutrition, sustainable development, determinants of health, agro-food systems, urbanization

## Editorial on the Research Topic

## Nutrition and sustainable development goal 10: reduced inequalities

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the cornerstone of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Nutrition-related challenges occupy an important place within this agenda. Indeed, the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases in the last decades constitutes the main concern for public health worldwide and it can have a lasting impact on the development of urbanized societies (1). Moreover, the necessity to develop sustainable and resilient agro-food systems to protect the environment has become a priority in all international policies (2). Accordingly, in a globalized world experiencing an overall urban transition, the Nutrition and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10: Reduced Inequalities, aims to provide new theoretical and empirical insights, on nutrition-related issues situated at the crossroads of health and environmental dimensions, to identify at-risk subgroups in different socio-ecological contexts and to suggest alternatives to improve both human and environmental health.

Through the articulation of 14 relevant contributions that include 10 original case studies conducted worldwide, 1 clinical trial, 2 literature reviews, and 1 brief research report, the SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities provided relevant outcomes along with critical analyses and interpretations to illustrate challenges and initiatives around nutrition-related health and environmental issues. Through contributions focusing on the determinants of nutritional health, but also on issues and orientations of agro-food systems at both the national and regional levels, the SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities provides an original overview of factors leading to at-risk dietary patterns and potential socio-political strategies to address such public health issues in a medium- or long-term perspective. This Research Topic has a specific focus on Low- and Middle-income Countries where the urbanization rates are highest (3), as the incidence of obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases (4), while the sustainability of agro-food systems becomes a social priority with increasing soil deterioration (5).

Hence, the first two contributions, by Shifera et al. and Mengstie et al., focused on the determinants of malnutrition in Ethiopia. These works showed that rural and socially excluded populations are more exposed to undernutrition, both for children and mothers. Such trends are in line with the literature, which highlights that countries in the early stages of urban transition present persistently high rates of stunting, wasting and underweight. In continuity with these works, two contributions in Iran, by Ebrahimi et al. and Roustaee et al., showed that along the urbanization process, the consumption of processed energy-dense foods increases in multiple age groups, with a higher risk of obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases. Such a comparative framework sheds light
on how countries in more advanced stages of urban transition, such as Iran, are more exposed to new forms of malnutrition like over nutrition, compared to countries that still maintain a pre-industrial lifestyle in some spaces, such as Ethiopia or Bangladesh where another relevant contribution was realized by Islam et al. Then, Mhamad et al. showed that the prevalence of stunting among preschool children in Iraq is relatively low in some urban areas of the country. The SDG 10 also benefits from a scoping review conducted by John et al. in Nigeria, the largest economy in Africa, which highlights the evidence of an ongoing double burden of malnutrition among children under five years, between persisting undernutrition favoring wasting/stunting and increasing over nutrition favoring overweight/obesity. Meanwhile, in a high income country like China, Jiang et al. described how the social isolation of the elderly reduces health-related quality of life.

This Research Topic presents several contributions on socio-political strategies to improve nutritional health, especially in urbanized areas, with potential positive fallouts on environmental health. For example, in addition to the previous contribution from Nigeria by John et al., which recommends health policy interventions at all levels (individual, household, regional and national), Stadlmayr et al. conducted a scoping review in sub-Saharan Africa highlighting the necessity to improve the food environment to favor greater access to fruits and vegetables, through food safety, sustainable local production, lower prices and food diversity. Another contribution by Hudson et al. showed that school gardening, nutrition education, and cooking programs delivered to elementary children may positively influence the home food environment in the Austin area of Texas (USA). In the continuity of these works, Liu et al. discussed the positive role of self-efficacy in the relationship between age, social isolation and poorer nutritional literacy in rural China, which is associated with a higher number of chronic diseases. Then, in the suburban area of Berlin in Germany, a contribution by Darkhani underlined the positive role of women in the development of alternative food networks to favor environmentally sustainable modes of production, certified food quality, food safety consciousness, and health and nutrition concerns. In addition, Brukalo et al. highlighted how public procurement of fatty products for Polish educational units can be improved to promote children's health. Hence, standardized guidelines are required to promote healthier food choices, encourage sustainable diets, and ultimately improve the overall health and wellbeing of children. Finally, in the context of the current ecological crisis, specifically the increasing number of

natural disasters in Indonesia, a clinical trial conducted by Fatmah demonstrated that Api-api mangrove, an abundant plant species in coastal areas of the country, consumed as sword bean snack bars constitutes a viable and efficient substitute for emergency food provisions, particularly in disaster-stricken communities.

Accordingly, based on these fruitful contributions, the SDG 10 provides new insights to identify at-risk subgroups for nutrition-related diseases along the global urban transition. Children under five years, older adults and socially excluded populations are all subgroups overexposed to stunting, wasting or overweight, depending on the current stage of urban transition in their respective countries. This Research Topic innovatively presents a clear overview of the ongoing nutritional transition associated with the globalized urbanization process. Moreover, the SDG 10 describes multiple local, national and regional alternatives worldwide to address the public health nutritional issues stemming from this urban transition. Alternative food networks, such as innovative agro-food systems where women can play a major role in Germany; school gardening and nutrition education in Texas (USA); or multilevel food intervention programs based on sustainable local production, food safety and food diversity in Nigeria, constitute a small sample from this large landscape of adaptive strategies to allow healthy population and individual trajectories in growing urban areas worldwide.

## Author contributions

EC: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

## Conflict of interest

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

## Publisher's note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

## References

1. Popkin BM, Ng SW. The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra-processed foods is not inevitable. *Obes Rev.* (2022) 23:e13366. doi: 10.1111/obr.13366

2. Michel-Villarreal R, Hingley M, Canavari M, Bregoli I. Sustainability in alternative food networks: a systematic literature review. *Sustainability*. (2019) 11:859. doi: 10.20944/preprints201901.0011.v1

3. Kundu D, Pandey AK. World urbanisation: trends and patterns. In: Kundu D, Sietchiping R, Kinyanjui M, editor. *Developing National Urban Policies*. Singapore: Springer. (2020). p. 13–49.

4. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight. *Elife*. (2021) 10:e60060. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60060

5. Hossain A, Krupnik TJ, Timsina J, Mahboob MG, Chaki AK, Farooq M, et al. Agricultural land degradation: processes and problems undermining future food security. In: Fahad S, Alam M, Saeed M, Adnan M, Hasanuzzaman M, Ullah H, Ali Khan I, editors. *Environment, Climate, Plant and Vegetation Growth*. Cham: Springer International Publishing (2020). p. 17–61.