# News from the forest of Mondulkiri: additions to the mosquito fauna of Cambodia (Diptera: Culicidae)

Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Kimhuor Suor, Amélie Vantaux, Bros Doeurk, Kalyan Chhoy, Kimly Heng, Saoya Sen, Rina Chea, Kimsear Nov, Theary Keum, et al.

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Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Kimhuor Suor, Amélie Vantaux, Bros Doeurk, Kalyan Chhoy, et al. News from the forest of Mondulkiri: additions to the mosquito fauna of Cambodia (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasite, 2025, 32, pp.75. 10.1051/parasite/2025064. hal-05424746

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# News from the forest of Mondulkiri: additions to the mosquito fauna of Cambodia (Diptera: Culicidae)

Pierre-Olivier Maquart<sup>1,2,*</sup> <sup>‡</sup>, Kimhuor Suor<sup>1,3</sup>, Amélie Vantaux<sup>4</sup>, Bros Doeurk<sup>1</sup>, Kalyan Chhoy<sup>1</sup>, Kimly Heng<sup>1</sup>, Saoya Sen<sup>1</sup>, Rina Chea<sup>1</sup>, Kimsear Nov<sup>1</sup>, Theary Keum<sup>1</sup>, Sokkeang Leng<sup>1</sup>, and Sébastien Boyer<sup>1,5</sup> <sup>‡</sup>

Received 1 April 2025, Accepted 27 October 2025, Published online 2 December 2025

**Abstract** – Following the ongoing inventory efforts conducted in Cambodia by the Medical and Veterinary Unit of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, and after intensive collection work in the eastern part of the country, we report 20 new mosquito species from Cambodia. Among these new records, none are considered to be of medical importance. Along with these new records, and incorporating 2 recently described species, we provide an updated checklist of the Culicidae fauna of Cambodia, which now includes 312 species, 43 of which are known to be of medical importance and are involved in the transmission of pathogens.

**Key words:** Public health, Culicidae, Diversity, Arbovirus.

**Résumé** – Des nouvelles de la forêt de Mondulkiri : apports à la faune de moustiques du Cambodge (Diptera : Culicidae). Suite aux efforts d'inventaire menés au Cambodge par l'Unité Médicale et Vétérinaire de l'Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, et après un travail intensif de collecte dans la partie orientale du pays, nous rapportons 20 espèces de moustiques nouvelles pour le Cambodge. Parmi ces nouveaux signalements, aucun n'est considéré comme ayant une importance médicale. Avec ces nouveaux signalements, et en incorporant 2 espèces récemment décrites, nous fournissons une liste actualisée de la faune des Culicidae du Cambodge, qui comprend maintenant 312 espèces, dont 43 sont connues pour être d'importance médicale et impliquées dans la transmission d'agents pathogènes.

## Introduction

Mosquitoes play a crucial role in the circulation of infectious diseases. Climate and land-use changes, globalization of trade, and transportation significantly influence their spread and the pathogens they sometimes carry, contributing to the expansion of emerging or re-emerging diseases worldwide [8]. Understanding mosquito diversity and biology is essential to understand their role in the vectorial cycle and the potential risks they pose to human and animal health. Therefore, knowledge of the presence and current range of mosquito species in a given area is crucial to assess potential risks to health.

Between 2016 and 2020, over 230,000 specimens were collected as part of the collecting and taxonomic efforts undertaken by the medical and veterinary entomology unit of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge. These collections made it

possible to establish a preliminary checklist consisting of 20 genera and 290 species, with 49 species newly reported in Cambodia [8]. Since then, two new species have been described [3, 9]. Furthermore, following large-scale sampling conducted in the forests of Mondulkiri province in eastern Cambodia, where monthly collections took place for one year [4, 7], we were able to identify an additional 61,389 mosquitoes, from 16 genera and 123 species, enabling completion of the mosquito checklist of Cambodia previously published [8]. Mondulkiri is one of the largest provinces in Cambodia and hosts one of the last remaining pockets of malaria [11]. It is known for its rich natural resources, including wildlife and forests [2, 12]. However, deforestation is progressing at an alarming rate [1, 11, 23], due to large land concessions where companies acquire and convert vast forest areas for agriculture [1], “slash and burn” activities conducted by local communities to expand their agricultural parcels, and illegal logging [23]. This increase in forest activity and rapid environmental changes may alter the ongoing vectorial cycle between some mosquito

<footnote n="1">¹ Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-247 EGCE IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Cambodia</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ Malaria Research Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵ Emergence and Ecology of Arthropod-borne diseases, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France</footnote>
species and their natural hosts. In this context, improving our knowledge of mosquito diversity and ecology is crucial to monitor changes in their bionomics and the impact these changes may have on the transmission of vector-borne diseases.

# Material and methods

## Study areas and specimen collection

Our study was conducted in the forested area of Roya commune, located in Kaoh Nheaek district, Mondulkiri province. The study was carried out at 16 different sites, including 3 in villages and 13 in forest areas over one year in 2020. More detailed information is available in [7]. Sampling occurred monthly for three consecutive days at each site. At each site, we used a human-baited double net trap to collect mosquitoes. This double net system consisted of an inner net (measuring 180 × 180 × 250 cm) completely closed to protect the human volunteer from mosquito bites, while the outer layer (200 × 200 × 250 cm) was suspended 20 cm above the ground to allow mosquitoes to fly inside the trap. For each site, two volunteers took turns in collecting mosquitoes and staying in the double-net system. Attracted adult mosquitoes were collected every hour for 15 min over 72 h (3 consecutive days).

## Morphological identification and nomenclature

Specimens were identified using diagnostic morphological characters [13–20], which were later confirmed by the examination of the original species descriptions. Identification were only performed on adult specimens. Only morphological identification was carried out. Voucher specimens were deposited in the collection of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

The name abbreviations follow the taxonomic nomenclature of Knight & Stone [5, 6] and Reinert [21, 22]. For the names of the Aedini tribe, we followed the classification provided by Wilkerson *et al.* [24].

# Results

A total of 61,389 specimens were collected and 51,549 were identified to the species level. In total, 122 species from 16 genera were collected by the Malaria Research Unit of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge in Mondulkiri province between 2020 and 2021 and identified by the medical and veterinary entomology unit. While 21 species were newly reported for the country, none of these species are of medical importance. The updated checklist of the mosquito fauna of Cambodia, now reaching 312 species, is presented in Table 1. All new records belong to Subfamily Culicinae Meigen, 1818, Tribe Aedini Neveu-Lemaire, 1902.

# Genus *Aedes* Meigen, 1818

## Subgenus *Aedimorphus* Theobald, 1903

### *Aedes* (*Aedimorphus*) nigrostriatus (Barraud, 1927)

Material examined: 3♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Roveak, 13.159992 N, 106.898913 E, 10.VIII.2020, 147 m, collected at 08 PM using a double net

trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Malaria Research Unit. 8♀ same data but collection time: 09 PM.

Species previously known from India and Myanmar [15, 25].

## Subgenus *Bruceharrisonius* Reinert, 2003

### *Aedes* (*Bruceharrisonius*) greenii (Theobald, 1903)

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaev Seima district, 12.28507472 N; 106.99360712 E; X.2021; 338 m, collected at 09 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand [10, 15, 25].

## Subgenus *Downsiomyia* Vargas, 1950

### *Aedes* (*Downsiomyia*) ganapathi Colless, 1958

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 31, 13.136553 N, 106.858282 E, 17.VII.2020, 169 m, collected at 06 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Laos, Malaysia, and Thailand [10, 15, 25].

### *Aedes* (*Downsiomyia*) harinasutai Knight, 1978

Material examined: 2♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 31, 13.136553 N, 106.858282 E, 16.VI.2020, 169 m, collected at 02 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Laos and Thailand [10, 15, 25].

### *Aedes* (*Downsiomyia*) nipponicus La Casse & Yamaguti, 1948

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 07, 13.140144 N, 106.790236 E, 16.VII.2020, 178 m, collected at 10 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 31, 13.136553 N, 106.858282 E, 15.VII.2020, 169 m, collected at 07 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Japan, Russia, South Korea, and Thailand [15, 25].

### *Aedes* (*Downsiomyia*) novoniveus Barraud, 1934

Material examined: 3♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaev Seima district, 12.28507472 N; 106.99360712 E; 15. X.2021; 338 m, collected at 09 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 2 ♀ same data but collection date and time: 15.VII.2020; 03 PM.

Species previously known from India, Malaysia, Nepal, and Thailand [15, 25].
<table><caption>**Table 1.** Updated list of the Culicidae fauna of Cambodia.</caption><thead><tr><th>Subfamily</th><th>Anophelinae Grassi, 1900</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Genus Anopheles</strong> Meigen, 1818 (53 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Anopheles</strong> Meigen, 1818 (28 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) annandalei Prashad, 1918</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) argyropus (Swellengrebel, 1914)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) baezai Gater, 1933</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) barbirostris van der Wulp, 1884</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) barbumbrosus Strickland & Chowdhury, 1927</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) bengalensis Puri, 1930</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) campestris Reid, 1962 (dubious)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) crawfordi Reid, 1953</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) dissidens Taai & Harbach, 2015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) donaldi Reid, 1962</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) hodgkini Reid, 1962</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) hyrcanus (Pallas, 1771) (dubious)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) insulaeflorum (Swellengrebel & Swellengrebel de Graaf, 1920)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) interruptus Puri, 1929</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) lesteri Baisas & Hu, 1936</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) letifer Sandosham, 1944</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) nigerrimus Giles, 1900</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) nitidus Harrison, Scanlon & Reid, 1973</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) peditaeniatus (Leicester, 1908)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) pursati Laveran, 1902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) roperi Reid, 1950</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) saeungae Taai & Harbach, 2015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) separatus (Leicester, 1908)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) sinensis Wiedemann, 1828</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) sintonoides Ho, 1938</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) umbrosus (Theobald, 1903)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) wejchoochotei Taai & Harbach, 2015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Anopheles) whartoni Reid, 1963</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Cellia</strong> Theobald, 1902 (25 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) aconitus Dönitz, 1902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) annularis van der Wulp, 1884</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) baimaii Sallum, Peyton & Wilkerson, 2005</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) culicifacies Giles, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) dirus Peyton & Harrison, 1979</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) epiroticus Linton & Harbach, 2005</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) indefinitus Ludlow, 1904</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) jamesii Theobald, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) jeyporiensis James, 1902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) karwari (James, 1903)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) kochi Dönitz, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) maculatus Theobald, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) minimus Theobald, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) nivipes (Theobald, 1903)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) notanandai Rattanarithikul & Green, 1987</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) pallidus Theobald, 1901 (dubious)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) pampanai Büttiker & Beales, 1959</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) philippinensis Ludlow, 1902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) pseudojamesi Strickland & Chowdhury, 1927</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) rampae Harbach & Somboon, 2011</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green, 1987</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) splendidus Koidzumi, 1920</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus Grassi, 1899</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) tessellatus Theobald, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Anopheles (Cellia) vagus Dönitz, 1902</td><td></td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="2">(Continued on next column)</td></tr></tfoot></table>

<table><caption>**Table 1.** (Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th>Subfamily</th><th>Culicinae Meigen, 1818</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Tribe: Aedeomyiini</strong> Theobald, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Genus Aedeomyia</strong> Theobald, 1901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Aedeomyia</strong> Theobald, 1901 (1 sp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedeomyia (Aedeomyia) catasticta Knab, 1909</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Tribe: Aedini</strong> Neveu-Lemaire, 1902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Genus Aedes</strong> Meigen, 1818 (69 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Aedimorphus</strong> Theobald, 1903 (9 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) alboscutellatus (Theobald, 1905)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) caecus (Theobald, 1901)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) culicinus (Edwards, 1922)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) mediolineatus (Theobald, 1901)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) nigrostriatus (Barraud, 1927)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>NEW RECORD</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) pampangensis (Ludlow, 1905)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) pipersalatus (Giles, 1902)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) taeniorhynchoides (Christophers, 1911)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen, 1830)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Bothaella</strong> Reinert, 1973 (3 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Bothaella) eldridgei Reinert, 1973</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Bothaella) helenae Reinert, 1973</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Bothaella) kleini (Reinert, 1973)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Bruceharrisonius</strong> Reinert, 2003 (2 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Bruceharrisonius) aureostriatus (Doleschall, 1857)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Bruceharrisonius) greenii (Theobald, 1903)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>NEW RECORD</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Christophersiomyia</strong> Barraud, 1923 (3 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Christophersiomyia) annulirostris (Theobald, 1905)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Christophersiomyia) ibis Barraud, 1931</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Christophersiomyia) thomsoni (Theobald, 1905)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Collessius</strong> Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006 (3 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Collessius) elsiae (Barraud, 1923)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Collessius) macfarlanei (Edwards, 1914)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Collessius) pseudotaeniatus (Giles, 1901)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Danielsia</strong> (Leicester, 1904) (1 sp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Danielsia) albotaeniatus (Leicester, 1904)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Downsiomyia</strong> Vargas, 1950 (8 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) albolateralis (Theobald, 1908)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) ganapathi Colless, 1958</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>NEW RECORD</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) harinasutai Knight, 1978</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>NEW RECORD</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) litoreus Colless, 1958 NEW RECORD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) mikrokopion Knight & Harrison, 1988</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) nipponicus La Casse & Yamaguti, 1948</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>NEW RECORD</strong></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) niveoides (Barraud, 1934)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Downsiomyia) novoniveus Barraud, 1934 NEW RECORD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Edwardsaedes</strong> Belkin, 1962 (1 sp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Edwardsaedes) imprimens (Walkar, 1860)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Fredwardsius</strong> Reinert, 2000 (1 sp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Fredwardsius) vittatus (Bigot, 1861)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Subgenus Himalaius</strong> Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006 (1 sp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>• Aedes (Himalaius) gilli (Barraud, 1924)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">(Continued on next page)</td></tr></tbody></table>
**Table 1. (Continued)**

**Subgenus *Hulecoeteomyia* Theobald, 1904 (3 spp.)**

* Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) chrysolineatus (Theobald, 1907)

* Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) harveyi (Barraud, 1923)

* Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) saxicola Edwards, 1922

**Subgenus *Kenknightia* Reinert, 1990 (2 sp.)**

* Aedes (Kenknightia) dissimilis (Leicester, 1908)

* Aedes (Kenknightia) harbachi Reinert, 1990 NEW RECORD

**Subgenus *Lorraineinea* Belkin, 1962 (2 spp.)**

* Aedes (Lorraineinea) amesii (Ludlow, 1903)

* Aedes (Lorraineinea) fumidus Edwards, 1928

**Subgenus *Mucidus* Theobald, 1901 (2 spp.)**

* Aedes (Mucidus) laniger (Wiedemann, 1820)

* Aedes (Mucidus) quasiferinus Mattingly, 1961

**Subgenus *Neomelaniconion* Newstead, 1907 (1 sp.)**

* Aedes (Neomelaniconion) lineatopennis (Ludlow, 1905)

**Subgenus *Ochlerotatus* (Skuse, 1889) (1 sp.)**

* Aedes (Ochlerotatus) vigilax (Skuse, 1889)

**Subgenus *Paraedes* Edwards, 1934 (2 spp.)**

* Aedes (Paraedes) ostentatio (Leicester, 1908)

* Aedes (Paraedes) thailandensis Reinert, 1976

**Subgenus *Petermattinglyius* Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2009 (2 spp.)**

* Aedes (Petermattinglyius) franciscoi Mattingly, 1959

**NEW RECORD**

* Aedes (Petermattinglyius) scanloni Reinert, 1970

**Subgenus *Phagomyia* Theobald, 1905 (5 spp.)**

* Aedes (Phagomyia) assamensis (Theobald, 1908)

* Aedes (Phagomyia) feegradei (Barraud, 1934)

* Aedes (Phagomyia) khazani Edwards, 1922

* Aedes (Phagomyia) lophoventralis (Theobald, 1910)

**NEW RECORD**

* Aedes (Phagomyia) prominens (Barraud, 1923)

**Subgenus *Scutomyia* Theobald, 1904 (1 sp.)**

* Aedes (Scutomyia) albolineatus (Theobald, 1904)

**Subgenus *Stegomyia* Theobald, 1901 (13 spp.)**

* Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)

* Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895)

* Aedes (Stegomyia) annandalei (Theobald, 1910)

* Aedes (Stegomyia) craggi (Barraud, 1923)

**NEW RECORD**

* Aedes (Stegomyia) desmotes (Giles, 1904)

* Aedes (Stegomyia) imitator (Leicester, 1908)

* Aedes (Stegomyia) malayensis Colless, 1962

* Aedes (Stegomyia) malikuli Huang, 1973

* Aedes (Stegomyia) patriciae Mattingly, 1954

**NEW RECORD**

* Aedes (Stegomyia) pseudalbopictus (Borel, 1928)

* Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris (Walker, 1859)

* Aedes (Stegomyia) unalom Maquart & Hide, 2024

* Aedes (Stegomyia) w-albus (Theobald, 1905)

**Subgenus *Tanakaius* Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2004 (1 sp.)**

* Aedes (Tanakaius) togoi (Theobald, 1907)

(Continued on next column)

**Table 1. (Continued)**

**Subgenus *Tewarius* Reinert, 2006 (1 sp.) NEW RECORD**

* Aedes (Tewarius) pseudonummatus Reinert, 1973

**NEW RECORD**

**Subgenus *Rhinoskusea* Edwards, 1929 (1 sp.)**

* Aedes (Rhinoskusea) longirostris (Leicester, 1908)

**Genus *Armigeres* Theobald, 1901 (26 spp.)**

**Subgenus *Armigeres* Theobald, 1901 (12 spp.)**

* Armigeres (Armigeres) aureolineatus (Leicester, 1908)

* Armigeres (Armigeres) confusus Edwards, 1915

* Armigeres (Armigeres) durhami (Edwards, 1917)

* Armigeres (Armigeres) foliatus Brug, 1931

* Armigeres (Armigeres) kesseli Ramalingam, 1987

* Armigeres (Armigeres) kuchingensis Edwards, 191

* Armigeres (Armigeres) laoensis Toma & Miyagi, 2003

* Armigeres (Armigeres) malayi (Theobald, 1901)

* Armigeres (Armigeres) maximus Edwards, 1922

* Armigeres (Armigeres) moultoni Edwards, 1914

* Armigeres (Armigeres) subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898)

* Armigeres (Armigeres) theobaldi Barraud, 1934

**Subgenus *Leicesteria* Theobald, 1904 (14 spp.)**

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) annulipalpis (Theobald, 1910)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) annulitarsis (Leicester, 1908)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) balteatus Macdonald, 1960

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) cingulatus (Leicester, 1908)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) dentatus Barraud, 1927

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) digitatus (Edwards, 1914)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) dolichocephalus (Leicester, 1908)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) flavus (Leicester, 1908)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) inchoatus Barraud, 1927

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) longipalpis (Leicester, 1904)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) magnus (Theobald, 1908)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) omissus (Edwards, 1914)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) pectinatus (Edwards, 1914)

* Armigeres (Leicesteria) traubi Macdonald, 1960

**Genus *Heizmannia* Ludlow, 1905 (11 spp.)**

**Subgenus *Heizmannia* Ludlow, 1905 (9 spp.)**

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) aureochaeta (Leicester, 1908)

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) chengi Lien, 1968

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) communis (Leicester, 1908)

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) complex (Theobald, 1910)

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) covelli Barraud, 1929

**NEW RECORD**

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) demeilloni Mattingly, 1970

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) mattinglyi Thurman, 1959

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) reidi Mattingly, 1957

* Heizmannia (Heizmannia) scintillans Ludlow, 1905

**Subgenus *Mattinglyia* Lien, 1968 (2 spp.)**

* Heizmannia (Mattinglyia) achaetae (Leicester, 1908)

* Heizmannia (Mattinglyia) catesi Lien, 1968

**Genus *Verrallina* Theobald, 1903 (19 spp.)**

**Subgenus *Harbachius* Reinert, 1999 (5 spp.)**

* Verrallina (Harbachius) abdita (Barraud, 1931)

* Verrallina (Harbachius) fragilis Leicester, 1908

* Verrallina (Harbachius) indecorabilis Leicester, 1908

* Verrallina (Harbachius) stunga (Klein, 1973)

* Verrallina (Harbachius) yusafi (Barraud, 1931)

(Continued on next page)
<table><caption>**Table 1.** (Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Subgenus Neomacleaya Theobald, 1907 (12 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) adusta (Laffoon, 1946)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) andamanensis (Edwards, 1922)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) clavata (Barraud, 1931)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) cretata (Delfinado, 1967)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) cyrtolabis (Edwards, 1928)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) komponga (Klein, 1973)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) notabilis (Delfinado, 1967)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) phnoma (Klein, 1973)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) rara (Delfinado, 1968)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) taeniata (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) unca (Theobald, 1901)</li><li>Verrallina (Neomacleaya) vallistris (Barraud, 1928)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Verrallina Theobald, 1903 (3 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Verrallina (Verrallina) butleri (Theobald, 1901)</li><li>Verrallina (Verrallina) dux (Dyar & Shannon, 1925)</li><li>Verrallina (Verrallina) lugubris (Barraud, 1928)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>NEW RECORD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (56 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (15 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Culex (Culex) alienus Colless, 1957</li><li>Culex (Culex) alis Theobald, 1903</li><li>Culex (Culex) barraudi Edwards, 1922</li><li>Culex (Culex) fuscocephala Theobald, 1907</li><li>Culex (Culex) gelidus Theobald, 1901</li><li>Culex (Culex) hutchinsoni Barraud, 1924</li><li>Culex (Culex) mimulus Edwards, 1915 (dubious)</li><li>Culex (Culex) perplexus Leicester, 1908</li><li>Culex (Culex) pseudovishnui Colless, 1957</li><li>Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823</li><li>Culex (Culex) sitiens Wiedemann, 1828</li><li>Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901</li><li>Culex (Culex) vishnui Theobald, 1901</li><li>Culex (Culex) whitei Barraud, 1923</li><li>Culex (Culex) whitmorei (Giles, 1904)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Culiciomyia Theobald, 1907 (10 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) bailyi Barraud, 1934</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) dispectus Bram, 1966</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>NEW RECORD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><ul><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) fragilis Ludlow, 1903</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) nigropunctatus Edwards, 1926</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) pallidothorax Theobald, 1905</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) papuensis (Taylor, 1914)</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) scanloni Bram, 1967</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) spathifurca (Edwards, 1915)</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) termi Thurman, 1955</li><li>Culex (Culiciomyia) thurmanorum Bram, 1967</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Eumelanomyia Theobald, 1909 (11 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) bokorensis Klein & Sirivanakarn, 1970</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) brevipalpis (Giles, 1902)</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) foliatus Brug, 1932</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) hinglungensis Chu, 1957</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) kiriensis Klein & Sirivanakarn, 1970</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) malayi (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) oresbius Harbach & Rattanarithikul, 1988</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) otachati Klein & Sirivanakarn, 1970</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) richei Klein, 1970</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) selai Klein & Sirivanakarn, 1970</li><li>Culex (Eumelanomyia) tenuipalpis Barraud, 1924</li></ul></td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="2">(Continued on next column)</td></tr></tfoot></table>

<table><caption>**Table 1.** (Continued)</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Subgenus Lophoceraomyia Theobald, 1905 (18 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) aculeatus Colless, 1965</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) cinctellus Edwards, 1922</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) curtipalpis (Edwards, 1914)</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) eukrines Bram & Rattanarithikul, 1967</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) fraudatrix (Theobald, 1905)</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) ganapathi Colless, 1965</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) inculus Colless, 1965</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) infantulus Edwards, 1922</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) macdonaldi Colless, 1965</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) mammilifer (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) minor (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) peytoni Bram & Rattanarithikul, 1967</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) quadripalpis (Edwards, 1914)</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) reidi Colless, 1965</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) rubithoracis (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) spiculosus Bram & Rattanarithikul, 1967</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) variatus (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Culex (Lophoceraomyia) wilfredi Colless, 1965</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Oculeomyia Theobald, 1907 (4 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901</li><li>Culex (Oculeomyia) infula Theobald, 1901 NEW RECORD</li><li>Culex (Oculeomyia) pseudosinensis Colless, 1955</li><li>Culex (Oculeomyia) sinensis Theobald, 1903</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Genus Culiseta Felt, 1904 (1 sp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Climacura Howard, Dyar & Knab, 1915 (1 sp.)</td><td><ul><li>Culiseta (Climacura) marchettei Garcia, Jeffery & Rudnick, 1969 (dubious)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Genus Lutzia Theobald, 1903 (3 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Metalutzia Tanaka, 2003 (3 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Lutzia (Metalutzia) fuscana (Wiedemann, 1820)</li><li>Lutzia (Metalutzia) halifaxii (Theobald, 1903)</li><li>Lutzia (Metalutzia) vorax Edwards, 1921</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Genus Ficalbia Theobald, 1903 (1 sp.)</td><td><ul><li>Ficalbia minima (Theobald, 1901)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Genus Mimomyia Theobald, 1903 (7 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Etorleptiomyia Theobald, 1904 (2 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Mimomyia (Etorleptiomyia) elegans (Taylor, 1914)</li><li>Mimomyia (Etorleptiomyia) luzonensis (Ludlow, 1905)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Ingramia Edwards, 1912 (2 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Mimomyia (Ingramia) fusca (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Mimomyia (Ingramia) kiriromi (Klein, 1969)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Mimomyia Theobald, 1904 (3 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Mimomyia (Mimomyia) aurea (Leicester, 1908)</li><li>Mimomyia (Mimomyia) chamberlaini Ludlow, 1904</li><li>Mimomyia (Mimomyia) hybrida (Leicester, 1908)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Genus Hodgesia Theobald, 1904 (3 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Hodgesia Theobald, 1904 (3 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Hodgesia (Hodgesia) bailyi Barraud, 1929</li><li>Hodgesia (Hodgesia) malayi Leicester, 1908</li><li>Hodgesia (Hodgesia) quasisanguinae Leicester, 1908</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Genus Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905 (3 spp.)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Subgenus Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905 (3 spp.)</td><td><ul><li>Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes (van der Wulp, 1881)</li><li>Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) nigrosignata (Edwards, 1917)</li><li>Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) ochracea (Theobald, 1903)</li></ul></td></tr></tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan="2">(Continued on next page)</td></tr></tfoot></table>
**Table 1.** (Continued)

**Genus Mansonia Blanchard, 1901 (6 spp.)**

**Subgenus Mansonioides Theobald, 1907 (6 spp.)**

* Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulata Leicester, 1908

**NEW RECORD**

* Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulifera (Theobald, 1901)

* Mansonia (Mansonioides) bonneae Edwards, 1930

* Mansonia (Mansonioides) dives (Schiner, 1868)

* Mansonia (Mansonioides) indiana Edwards, 1930

* Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis (Theobald, 1901)

**Genus Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904 (4 spp.)**

* Orthopodomyia (Orthopodomyia) andamanensis Barraud, 1934

* Orthopodomyia (Orthopodomyia) anopheloides (Giles, 1903)

* Orthopodomyia (Orthopodomyia) siamensis Zavortink, 1968

* Orthopodomyia (Orthopodomyia) wilsoni Macdonald, 1958

**NEW RECORD**

**Genus Malaya Leicester, 1908 (2 spp.)**

* Malaya (Malaya) genurostris Leicester, 1908

* Malaya (Malaya) jacobsoni (Edwards, 1930)

**Genus Topomyia Leicester, 1908 (4 spp.)**

**Subgenus Topomyia Leicester, 1908 (4 spp.)**

* Topomyia (Topomyia) angkoris Klein, 1977

* Topomyia (Topomyia) apsarae Klein, 1977

* Topomyia (Topomyia) argyropalpis Leicester, 1908

* Topomyia (Topomyia) gracilis Leicester, 1908

**Genus Tripteroides Giles, 1904 (6 spp.)**

**Subgenus Rachionotomyia Theobald, 1905 (2 spp.)**

* Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) affinis (Edwards, 1913)

* Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) aranoides (Theobald, 1901)

**Subgenus Tripteroides Giles, 1904 (4 spp.)**

* Tripteroides (Tripteroides) aeneus (Edwards, 1921)

* Tripteroides (Tripteroides) caeruleocephalus (Leicester, 1908)

* Tripteroides (Tripteroides) powelli (Ludlow, 1909)

* Tripteroides (Tripteroides) similis (Leicester, 1908)

**Genus Toxorhynchites Theobald, 1901 (5 spp.)**

**Subgenus Toxorhynchites Theobald, 1901 (5 spp.)**

* Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) albipes (Edwards, 1922)

* Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) domrey Maquart & Rahola, 2023

* Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) gravelyi (Edwards, 1921)

* Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) kempi (Edwards, 1921)

* Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) splendens (Wiedemann, 1819)

**Genus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891 (28 spp.)**

**Subgenus Pseudoficalbia Theobald, 1912 (14 spp.)**

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) abdita Peyton, 1977

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) albipes Peyton, 1977

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) bicolor Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) demeilloni Peyton & Rattanarithikul, 1970 NEW RECORD

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) gouldi Peyton & Klein, 1970

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) hirsutifemora Peters, 1964

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) koli Peyton & Klein, 1970

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) lutescens Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) maxima Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) nivipleura Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) novobscura Barraud, 1934

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) obscura Edwards, 1915

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) pseudomaculipleura Peyton & Rattanarithikul, 1970

(Continued on next column)

**Table 1.** (Continued)

* Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) spiculosa Peyton & Rattanarithikul, 1970

**Subgenus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891 (14 spp.)**

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) annandalei Barraud, 1926

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) bimaculiala Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) campestris Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) diraphati Peyton & Klein, 1970

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) lateralis Ludlow, 1905

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) longirostris Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) macfarlanei Edwards, 1914

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) metatarsata Edwards, 1914

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) micans Leicester, 1908

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) rampae Peyton & Klein, 1970

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) sombooni Peyton & Klein, 1970

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) subnormalis Martini, 1920

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) testacea Theobald, 1905

* Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) trilineata Leicester, 1908

**Aedes (Downsiomyia) litoreus Colless, 1958**

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 07, 13.140144 N, 106.790236 E, 12.XII.2020, 178 m, collected at 04 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand [15, 25].

**Subgenus Petermattinglyius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2009**

**Aedes (Petermattinglyius) franciscoi Mattingly, 1959**

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 07, 13.140144 N, 106.790236 E, 12.XII.2020, 178 m, collected at 04 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand [15, 25].

**Subgenus Phagomyia Theobald, 1905**

**Aedes (Phagomyia) lophoventralis (Theobald, 1910)**

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 07, 13.140144 N 106.790236 E, 16.VII.2020, 178 m, collected at 09 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 22, 13.051882N, 106.674865E, 16. VII.2020, 176 m, collected at 01 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam [15, 25].

**Subgenus Stegomyia Theobald, 1901**

**Aedes (Stegomyia) craggi (Barraud, 1923)**

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 07, 13.140144 N, 106.790236 E, 13.XI.2020, 178 m, collected at 04 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.
Species previously known from Laos, India, Nepal, and Thailand [10, 15, 25].

**Aedes (Stegomyia) patriciae** Mattingly, 1954

Material examined: 2♂♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 07, 13.140144 N, 106.790236 E, 12.V.2020, 178 m, collected at 06 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ same data but collection date and time: 13.XI.2020; 04 PM. 1♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaev Seima district, 12.181324 N, 106.87287 E, 01.XI.2019, 338 m, collected using a double net trap, with a human bait.

Species previously known from India, Malaysia, Pakistan, People's Republic of China, Thailand, and Vietnam [25].

**Subgenus Tewarius Reinert, 2006**

**Aedes (Tewarius) pseudonummatus** Reinert, 1973

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 22, 13.051882 N, 106.674865 E, 15.I.2020, 176 m, collected at 04 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 36, 13.025147 N, 106.829365 E, 09.X.2020, 180 m, collected at 03 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Laos and Thailand [10, 15, 25].

**Genus Kenknightia Reinert, 1990**

**Aedes (Kenknightia) harbachi** Reinert, 1990

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 34, 13.025147 N, 106.829365 E, 17.VII.2020, 181 m, collected at 05 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Roveak, 13.164098 N, 106.902797 E, 21.V.2020, 147 m, collected at 02 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Laos, India, China, and Thailand [10, 15, 25].

**Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758**

**Subgenus Culiciomyia Theobald, 1907**

**Culex (Culiciomyia) dispectus** Bram, 1966

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 34, 13.025147 N, 106.829365 E, 181 m, 17.VII.2020, collected at 08 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Laos, Malaysia, People's Republic of China, and Thailand [10, 17, 25].

**Subgenus Oculeomyia Theobald, 1907**

**Culex (Oculeomyia) infula** Theobald, 1901

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 34, 13.025147 N,

106.829365 E, 181 m, 17.VII.2020, collected at 08 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam [17, 25].

**Genus Heizmannia Ludlow, 1905**

**Subgenus Heizmannia Ludlow, 1905**

**Heizmannia (Heizmannia) covelli** Barraud, 1929

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 31, 13.136553 N, 106.858282 E, 14.VI.2020, 169 m, collected at 07 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ same data but collection time: 11 PM. 1♀ same data but date and collection time: 16. VI.2020; 02 PM. 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 34, 13.025147 N, 106.829365 E, 17. VI.2020, 181 m, collected at 01 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam [17, 25].

**Genus Verrallina Theobald, 1903**

**Subgenus Verrallina Theobald, 1903**

**Verrallina (Verrallina) lugubris** (Barraud, 1928)

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 22, 13.051882 N, 106.674865 E, 13.I.2020, 176 m, collected at 05 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Laos, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand [10, 17, 25].

**Genus Mansonia Blanchard, 1901**

**Subgenus Mansonioides Theobald, 1907**

**Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulata** Leicester, 1908

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Roveak village, 13.160042 N, 106.898877 E, 17.VI.2020, 147 m, collected at 12 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ same data but collection date and time: 13.XI.2020; 02 PM; 1♂, same data but collection date: 12.XI.2020

Species previously known from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam [17, 25].

**Genus Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904**

**Subgenus Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904**

**Orthopodomyia (Orthopodomyia) wilsoni** Macdonald, 1958

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 15, 13.138208 N, 106.675692 E, 09.X.2020, collected at 10 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge;
Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 22, 13.051882 N, 106.674865 E, 10.X.2020, 176 m, collected at 01 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Malaysia and Thailand
[16, 25].

Genus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891

Subgenus Pseudoficalbia Theobald, 1912

Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) demeilloni
Peyton & Rattanarithikul, 1970

Material examined: 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 15, 13.138208 N, 106.675692 E, 09.X.2020, collected at 10 PM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit. 1♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri province, Kaoh Nheaek district, Sector 22, 13.051882 N, 106.674865 E, 10.X.2020, 176 m, collected at 01 AM using a double net trap, with a human bait; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Malaria Research Unit.

Species previously known from Laos, Malaysia, Philippines,
Thailand, and Vietnam [10, 16, 25].

Discussion

In total, thirteen of the newly recorded species belong to the *Aedes* genus. This can be explained by the difficulty in identifying some of the species. Most of them were probably already collected in our previous studies, but could not be properly identified given their conservation state. The double net collection technique makes it possible to collect better quality mosquitoes, facilitating their identification. Additionally, our collection methods (either double-net trap in the present article, or CDC-light trap and BG traps in previous ones) allowed us to collect mostly female specimens, sometimes making identification more challenging than on males. While we previously described 43 species considered to be of medical or veterinary importance [8], no new medically important vectors are reported in the present update [25]. However, it is important to highlight that the collection method used in the present study (double net trapping) allows for the collection of mosquitoes attracted to human odor, meaning that they would probably feed on humans. This is important to considered as a potential route of emergence of new pathogens. Most of the feeding habits of these species are yet unknown [8].

Overall, since 2016, the Medical and Veterinary Entomol-
ogy Unit of the *Institut Pasteur du Cambodge* has collected
over 600,000 mosquitoes belonging to 312 species from
16 genera. Previously, this unprecedented sampling effort
allowed us to increase previous estimates from 241 species to
290 species [8]. Recently, two new species have been described
from Cambodia [3, 9], highlighting the lack of knowledge in
the country. As mentioned in previous work [8], the province
of Mondulkiri was investigated more in-depth, explaining this
increase in number, but further collection efforts should
concentrate on areas like the Cardamom, Kampot, or the Aoral
mountains, as well as the forests in Rattanakiri and Mondulkiri,

which host some of the most biologically diverse biomes in the
country [9]. Given that Cambodia has one of the world's
highest deforestation rates [1, 11, 23], the situation is alarming:
interfaces between anthropic areas and forests are rapidly
blurring, increasing the risk of the population being exposed
to new emergent diseases and vectors. This also underscores
the need to inventory Culicidae fauna and their associated
pathogens as much as possible.

Conclusion

The information generated in this study refines our under-
standing of mosquito diversity in Cambodia, bringing the total
number of recorded species to 312, from 16 genera, with
43 species of medical or veterinary importance. Given
Cambodia's increasing human-wildlife interface, the risk of
emerging vector-borne diseases is rising. The presence of
numerous species attracted to humans emphasizes the urgent
need for continued surveillance. Systematic inventories and
research are essential to anticipate and mitigate future public
health threats.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all volunteers for participating in the study, as well as the local authorities for their support. We also thank the technicians and other study staff for their work. The mosquito collections were funded by the French Initiative 5%: "Blocking Malaria Transmission in Forest Vulnerable Populations through Forest Malaria Workers: A Key for Malaria Elimination in Cambodia". Grant code: 17SANIN20.

Conflicts of interest

There are no competing interests, nor conflicts of interest.

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**Cite this article as:** Maquart P-O, Suor K, Vantaux A, Doeurk B, Chhoy K, Heng K, Sen S, Chea R, Nov K, Keum T, Leng S & Boyer S. 2025. News from the forest of Mondulkiri: additions to the mosquito fauna of Cambodia (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasite **32**, 75. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2025064.

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## PARASITE

An international open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal publishing high quality papers on all aspects of human and animal parasitology

Reviews, articles and short notes may be submitted. Fields include, but are not limited to: general, medical and veterinary parasitology; morphology, including ultrastructure; parasite systematics, including entomology, acarology, helminthology and protistology, and molecular analyses; molecular biology and biochemistry; immunology of parasitic diseases; host-parasite relationships; ecology and life history of parasites; epidemiology; therapeutics; new diagnostic tools.
All papers in *Parasite* are published in English. Manuscripts should have a broad interest and must not have been published or submitted elsewhere. No limit is imposed on the length of manuscripts.

**Parasite** (open-access) continues **Parasite** (print and online editions, 1994-2012) and **Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée** (1923-1993) and is the official journal of the Société Française de Parasitologie.