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117. Kato, H.; Takeuchi, O.; Sato, S.; Yoneyama, M.; Yamamoto, M.; Matsui, K.; Uematsu, S.; Jung, A.; Kawai, T.; Ishii, K.J.; et al. Differential Roles of MDA5 and RIG-I Helicases in the Recognition of RNA Viruses. *Nature* **2006**, *441*, 101–105. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

118. Kowalinski, E.; Lunardi, T.; McCarthy, A.A.; Louber, J.; Brunel, J.; Grigorov, B.; Gerlier, D.; Cusack, S. Structural Basis for the Activation of Innate Immune Pattern-Recognition Receptor RIG-I by Viral RNA. *Cell* **2011**, *147*, 423–435. [CrossRef]

119. Xu, L.-G.; Wang, Y.-Y.; Han, K.-J.; Li, L.-Y.; Zhai, Z.; Shu, H.-B. VISA Is an Adapter Protein Required for Virus-Triggered IFN-β Signaling. *Mol. Cell* **2005**, *19*, 727–740. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

120. Paz, S.; Vilasco, M.; Werden, S.J.; Arguello, M.; Joseph-Pillai, D.; Zhao, T.; Nguyen, T.L.-A.; Sun, Q.; Meurs, E.F.; Lin, R.; et al. A Functional C-Terminal TRAF3-Binding Site in MAVS Participates in Positive and Negative Regulation of the IFN Antiviral Response. *Cell Res.* **2011**, *21*, 895–910. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

121. Motwani, M.; Pesiridis, S.; Fitzgerald, K.A. DNA Sensing by the cGAS-STING Pathway in Health and Disease. *Nat. Rev. Genet.* **2019**, *20*, 657–674. [CrossRef]

122. Chow, K.T.; Gale, M.; Loo, Y.-M. RIG-I and Other RNA Sensors in Antiviral Immunity. *Annu. Rev. Immunol.* **2018**, *36*, 667–694. [CrossRef]

123. Swanson, K.V.; Deng, M.; Ting, J.P.-Y. The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Molecular Activation and Regulation to Therapeutics. *Nat. Rev. Immunol.* **2019**, *19*, 477–489. [CrossRef]

124. Zhang, W.; Wang, G.; Xu, Z.-G.; Tu, H.; Hu, F.; Dai, J.; Chang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Lu, Y.; Zeng, H.; et al. Lactate Is a Natural Suppressor of RLR Signaling by Targeting MAVS. *Cell* **2019**, *178*, 176–189.e15. [CrossRef]

125. Buskiewicz, I.A.; Montgomery, T.; Yasewicz, E.C.; Huber, S.A.; Murphy, M.P.; Hartley, R.C.; Kelly, R.; Crow, M.K.; Perl, A.; Budd, R.C.; et al. Reactive Oxygen Species Induce Virus-Independent MAVS Oligomerization in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. *Sci. Signal.* **2016**, *9*, ra115. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

126. Nobre, L.; Wise, D.; Ron, D.; Volmer, R. Modulation of Innate Immune Signalling by Lipid-Mediated MAVS Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization. *PLoS ONE* **2015**, *10*, e0136883. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

127. Imanishi, T.; Unno, M.; Kobayashi, W.; Yoneda, N.; Matsuda, S.; Ikeda, K.; Hoshii, T.; Hirao, A.; Miyake, K.; Barber, G.N.; et al. Reciprocal Regulation of STING and TCR Signaling by mTORC1 for T-Cell Activation and Function. *Life Sci. Alliance* **2019**, *2*, e201800282. [CrossRef]

128. Shum, M.; Bellmann, K.; St-Pierre, P.; Marette, A. Pharmacological Inhibition of S6K1 Increases Glucose Metabolism and Akt Signalling in Vitro and in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. *Diabetologia* **2016**, *59*, 592–603. [CrossRef]

129. Shum, M.; Houde, V.P.; Bellemare, V.; Junges Moreira, R.; Bellmann, K.; St-Pierre, P.; Viollet, B.; Foretz, M.; Marette, A. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex 1 by the S6K1 Inhibitor PF-4708671 Partly Contributes to Its Glucose Metabolic Effects in Muscle and Liver Cells. *J. Biol. Chem.* **2019**, *294*, 12250–12260. [CrossRef]

130. Wang, F.; Alain, T.; Szretter, K.J.; Stephenson, K.; Pol, J.G.; Atherton, M.J.; Hoang, H.-D.; Fonseca, B.D.; Zakaria, C.; Chen, L.; et al. S6K-STING Interaction Regulates Cytosolic DNA-Mediated Activation of the Transcription Factor IRF3. *Nat. Immunol.* **2016**, *17*, 514–522. [CrossRef]

131. Cao, W.; Manicassamy, S.; Tang, H.; Kasturi, S.P.; Pirani, A.; Murthy, N.; Pulendran, B. Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Induction of Type I Interferon in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Requires the Rapamycin-Sensitive PI(3)K-mTOR-p70S6K Pathway. *Nat. Immunol.* **2008**, *9*, 1157–1164. [CrossRef]

132. Schoggins, J.W. Interferon-Stimulated Genes: What Do They All Do? *Annu. Rev. Virol.* **2019**, *6*, 567–584. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

133. Schoggins, J.W.; MacDuff, D.A.; Imanaka, N.; Gainey, M.D.; Shrestha, B.; Eitson, J.L.; Mar, K.B.; Richardson, R.B.; Ratushny, A.V.; Litvak, V.; et al. Pan-Viral Specificity of IFN-Induced Genes Reveals New Roles for cGAS in Innate Immunity. *Nature* **2014**, *505*, 691–695. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

134. Kane, M.; Yadav, S.S.; Bitzegeio, J.; Kutluay, S.B.; Zang, T.; Wilson, S.J.; Schoggins, J.W.; Rice, C.M.; Yamashita, M.; Hatzioioannou, T.; et al. MX2 Is an Interferon-Induced Inhibitor of HIV-1 Infection. *Nature* **2013**, *502*, 563–566. [CrossRef]

135. Kochs, G.; Janzen, C.; Hohenberg, H.; Haller, O. Antivirally Active MxA Protein Sequesters La Crosse Virus Nucleocapsid Protein into Perinuclear Complexes. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2002**, *99*, 3153–3158. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

136. Feeley, E.M.; Sims, J.S.; John, S.P.; Chin, C.R.; Pertel, T.; Chen, L.-M.; Gaiha, G.D.; Ryan, B.J.; Donis, R.O.; Elledge, S.J.; et al. IFITM3 Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Preventing Cytosolic Entry. *PLoS Pathog.* **2011**, *7*, e1002337. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

137. Huang, I.-C.; Bailey, C.C.; Weyer, J.L.; Radoshitzky, S.R.; Becker, M.M.; Chiang, J.J.; Brass, A.L.; Ahmed, A.A.; Chi, X.; Dong, L.; et al. Distinct Patterns of IFITM-Mediated Restriction of Filoviruses, SARS Coronavirus, and Influenza A Virus. *PLoS Pathog.* **2011**, *7*, e1001258. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

138. Wilkins, C.; Woodward, J.; Lau, D.T.-Y.; Barnes, A.; Joyce, M.; McFarlane, N.; McKeating, J.A.; Tyrrell, D.L.; Gale, M. IFITM1 Is a Tight Junction Protein That Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry. *Hepatology* **2013**, *57*, 461–469. [CrossRef]
115. Pichlmair, A.; Schulz, O.; Tan, C.P.; Näslund, T.I.; Liljeström, P.; Weber, F.; Reis E Sousa, C. RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Responses to Single-Stranded RNA Bearing 5'-Phosphates. *Science* **2006**, *314*, 997–1001. [CrossRef]

116. Gitlin, L.; Barchet, W.; Gilfillan, S.; Cella, M.; Beutler, B.; Flavell, R.A.; Diamond, M.S.; Colonna, M. Essential Role of Mda-5 in Type I IFN Responses to Polyriboinosinic:Polyribocytidylic Acid and Encephalomyocarditis Picornavirus. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2006**, *103*, 8459–8464. [CrossRef]

117. Kato, H.; Takeuchi, O.; Sato, S.; Yoneyama, M.; Yamamoto, M.; Matsui, K.; Uematsu, S.; Jung, A.; Kawai, T.; Ishii, K.J.; et al. Differential Roles of MDA5 and RIG-I Helicases in the Recognition of RNA Viruses. *Nature* **2006**, *441*, 101–105. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

118. Kowalinski, E.; Lunardi, T.; McCarthy, A.A.; Louber, J.; Brunel, J.; Grigorov, B.; Gerlier, D.; Cusack, S. Structural Basis for the Activation of Innate Immune Pattern-Recognition Receptor RIG-I by Viral RNA. *Cell* **2011**, *147*, 423–435. [CrossRef]

119. Xu, L.-G.; Wang, Y.-Y.; Han, K.-J.; Li, L.-Y.; Zhai, Z.; Shu, H.-B. VISA Is an Adapter Protein Required for Virus-Triggered IFN-β Signaling. *Mol. Cell* **2005**, *19*, 727–740. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

120. Paz, S.; Vilasco, M.; Werden, S.J.; Arguello, M.; Joseph-Pillai, D.; Zhao, T.; Nguyen, T.L.-A.; Sun, Q.; Meurs, E.F.; Lin, R.; et al. A Functional C-Terminal TRAF3-Binding Site in MAVS Participates in Positive and Negative Regulation of the IFN Antiviral Response. *Cell Res.* **2011**, *21*, 895–910. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

121. Motwani, M.; Pesiridis, S.; Fitzgerald, K.A. DNA Sensing by the cGAS-STING Pathway in Health and Disease. *Nat. Rev. Genet.* **2019**, *20*, 657–674. [CrossRef]

122. Chow, K.T.; Gale, M.; Loo, Y.-M. RIG-I and Other RNA Sensors in Antiviral Immunity. *Annu. Rev. Immunol.* **2018**, *36*, 667–694. [CrossRef]

123. Swanson, K.V.; Deng, M.; Ting, J.P.-Y. The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Molecular Activation and Regulation to Therapeutics. *Nat. Rev. Immunol.* **2019**, *19*, 477–489. [CrossRef]

124. Zhang, W.; Wang, G.; Xu, Z.-G.; Tu, H.; Hu, F.; Dai, J.; Chang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Lu, Y.; Zeng, H.; et al. Lactate Is a Natural Suppressor of RLR Signaling by Targeting MAVS. *Cell* **2019**, *178*, 176–189.e15. [CrossRef]

125. Buskiewicz, I.A.; Montgomery, T.; Yasewicz, E.C.; Huber, S.A.; Murphy, M.P.; Hartley, R.C.; Kelly, R.; Crow, M.K.; Perl, A.; Budd, R.C.; et al. Reactive Oxygen Species Induce Virus-Independent MAVS Oligomerization in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. *Sci. Signal.* **2016**, *9*, ra115. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

126. Nobre, L.; Wise, D.; Ron, D.; Volmer, R. Modulation of Innate Immune Signalling by Lipid-Mediated MAVS Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization. *PLoS ONE* **2015**, *10*, e0136883. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

127. Imanishi, T.; Unno, M.; Kobayashi, W.; Yoneda, N.; Matsuda, S.; Ikeda, K.; Hoshii, T.; Hirao, A.; Miyake, K.; Barber, G.N.; et al. Reciprocal Regulation of STING and TCR Signaling by mTORC1 for T-Cell Activation and Function. *Life Sci. Alliance* **2019**, *2*, e201800282. [CrossRef]

128. Shum, M.; Bellmann, K.; St-Pierre, P.; Marette, A. Pharmacological Inhibition of S6K1 Increases Glucose Metabolism and Akt Signalling in Vitro and in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. *Diabetologia* **2016**, *59*, 592–603. [CrossRef]

129. Shum, M.; Houde, V.P.; Bellemare, V.; Junges Moreira, R.; Bellmann, K.; St-Pierre, P.; Viollet, B.; Foretz, M.; Marette, A. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex 1 by the S6K1 Inhibitor PF-4708671 Partly Contributes to Its Glucose Metabolic Effects in Muscle and Liver Cells. *J. Biol. Chem.* **2019**, *294*, 12250–12260. [CrossRef]

130. Wang, F.; Alain, T.; Szretter, K.J.; Stephenson, K.; Pol, J.G.; Atherton, M.J.; Hoang, H.-D.; Fonseca, B.D.; Zakaria, C.; Chen, L.; et al. S6K-STING Interaction Regulates Cytosolic DNA-Mediated Activation of the Transcription Factor IRF3. *Nat. Immunol.* **2016**, *17*, 514–522. [CrossRef]

131. Cao, W.; Manicassamy, S.; Tang, H.; Kasturi, S.P.; Pirani, A.; Murthy, N.; Pulendran, B. Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Induction of Type I Interferon in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Requires the Rapamycin-Sensitive PI(3)K-mTOR-p70S6K Pathway. *Nat. Immunol.* **2008**, *9*, 1157–1164. [CrossRef]

132. Schoggins, J.W. Interferon-Stimulated Genes: What Do They All Do? *Annu. Rev. Virol.* **2019**, *6*, 567–584. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

133. Schoggins, J.W.; MacDuff, D.A.; Imanaka, N.; Gainey, M.D.; Shrestha, B.; Eitson, J.L.; Mar, K.B.; Richardson, R.B.; Ratushny, A.V.; Litvak, V.; et al. Pan-Viral Specificity of IFN-Induced Genes Reveals New Roles for cGAS in Innate Immunity. *Nature* **2014**, *505*, 691–695. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

134. Kane, M.; Yadav, S.S.; Bitzegeio, J.; Kutluay, S.B.; Zang, T.; Wilson, S.J.; Schoggins, J.W.; Rice, C.M.; Yamashita, M.; Hatzioioannou, T.; et al. MX2 Is an Interferon-Induced Inhibitor of HIV-1 Infection. *Nature* **2013**, *502*, 563–566. [CrossRef]

135. Kochs, G.; Janzen, C.; Hohenberg, H.; Haller, O. Antivirally Active MxA Protein Sequesters La Crosse Virus Nucleocapsid Protein into Perinuclear Complexes. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2002**, *99*, 3153–3158. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

136. Feeley, E.M.; Sims, J.S.; John, S.P.; Chin, C.R.; Pertel, T.; Chen, L.-M.; Gaiha, G.D.; Ryan, B.J.; Donis, R.O.; Elledge, S.J.; et al. IFITM3 Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Preventing Cytosolic Entry. *PLoS Pathog.* **2011**, *7*, e1002337. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

137. Huang, I.-C.; Bailey, C.C.; Weyer, J.L.; Radoshitzky, S.R.; Becker, M.M.; Chiang, J.J.; Brass, A.L.; Ahmed, A.A.; Chi, X.; Dong, L.; et al. Distinct Patterns of IFITM-Mediated Restriction of Filoviruses, SARS Coronavirus, and Influenza A Virus. *PLoS Pathog.* **2011**, *7*, e1001258. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

138. Wilkins, C.; Woodward, J.; Lau, D.T.-Y.; Barnes, A.; Joyce, M.; McFarlane, N.; McKeating, J.A.; Tyrrell, D.L.; Gale, M. IFITM1 Is a Tight Junction Protein That Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry. *Hepatology* **2013**, *57*, 461–469. [CrossRef]
139. Wee, Y.S.; Roundy, K.M.; Weis, J.J.; Weis, J.H. Interferon-Inducible Transmembrane Proteins of the Innate Immune Response Act as Membrane Organizers by Influencing Clathrin and v-ATPase Localization and Function. *Innate Immun.* **2012**, *18*, 834–845.
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140. Li, C.; Deng, Y.-Q.; Wang, S.; Ma, F.; Aliyari, R.; Huang, X.-Y.; Zhang, N.-N.; Watanabe, M.; Dong, H.-L.; Liu, P.; et al. 25-Hydroxycholesterol Protects Host against Zika Virus Infection and Its Associated Microcephaly in a Mouse Model. *Immunity* **2017**, *46*, 446–456.
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141. Bordier, B.B.; Marion, P.L.; Ohashi, K.; Kay, M.A.; Greenberg, H.B.; Casey, J.L.; Glenn, J.S. A Prenylation Inhibitor Prevents Production of Infectious Hepatitis Delta Virus Particles. *J. Virol.* **2002**, *76*, 10465–10472.
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142. Bordier, B.B.; Ohkanda, J.; Liu, P.; Lee, S.-Y.; Salazar, F.H.; Marion, P.L.; Ohashi, K.; Meuse, L.; Kay, M.A.; Casey, J.L.; et al. In Vivo Antiviral Efficacy of Prenylation Inhibitors against Hepatitis Delta Virus. *J. Clin. Investig.* **2003**, *112*, 407–414.
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143. Chang, T.Y.; Limanek, J.S. Regulation of Cytosolic Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A Thiolase, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase, and Mevalonate Kinase by Low Density Lipoprotein and by 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. *J. Biol. Chem.* **1980**, *255*, 7787–7795.
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144. Kandutsch, A.A.; Chen, H.W.; Heiniger, H.-J. Biological Activity of Some Oxygenated Sterols. *Science* **1978**, *201*, 498–501.
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145. Guo, J. A New Pathway of Translational Regulation Mediated by Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3. *EMBO J.* **2000**, *19*, 6891–6899.
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146. Hui, D.J.; Bhasker, C.R.; Merrick, W.C.; Sen, G.C. Viral Stress-Inducible Protein P56 Inhibits Translation by Blocking the Interaction of eIF3 with the Ternary Complex eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAi. *J. Biol. Chem.* **2003**, *278*, 39477–39482.
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147. Pindel, A.; Sadler, A. The Role of Protein Kinase R in the Interferon Response. *J. Interferon Cytokine Res.* **2011**, *31*, 59–70.
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148. Terenzi, F.; Hui, D.J.; Merrick, W.C.; Sen, G.C. Distinct Induction Patterns and Functions of Two Closely Related Interferon-Inducible Human Genes, ISG54 and ISG56. *J. Biol. Chem.* **2006**, *281*, 34064–34071.
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149. Fleith, R.C.; Mears, H.V.; Leong, X.Y.; Sanford, T.J.; Emmott, E.; Graham, S.C.; Mansur, D.S.; Sweeney, T.R. IFIT3 and IFIT2/3 Promote IFIT1-Mediated Translation Inhibition by Enhancing Binding to Non-Self RNA. *Nucleic Acids Res.* **2018**, *46*, 5269–5285.
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150. Kumar, P.; Sweeney, T.R.; Skabkin, M.A.; Skabkina, O.V.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Pestova, T.V. Inhibition of Translation by IFIT Family Members Is Determined by Their Ability to Interact Selectively with the 5'-Terminal Regions of Cap0-, Cap1- and 5'ppp- mRNAs. *Nucleic Acids Res.* **2014**, *42*, 3228–3245.
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151. Durfee, L.A.; Lyon, N.; Seo, K.; Huibregtse, J.M. The ISG15 Conjugation System Broadly Targets Newly Synthesized Proteins: Implications for the Antiviral Function of ISG15. *Mol. Cell* **2010**, *38*, 722–732.
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157. Reslan, A.; Haddad, J.G.; Desprès, P.; Bascands, J.-L.; Gadea, G. High Glucose Induces in HK2 Kidney Cells an IFN-Dependent ZIKV Antiviral Status Fueled by Viperin. *Biomedicines* **2022**, *10*, 1577.
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162. Ledur, P.F.; Karmirian, K.; Pedrosa, C.D.S.G.; Souza, L.R.Q.; Assis-de-Lemos, G.; Martins, T.M.; Ferreira, J.D.C.C.G.; De Azevedo Reis, G.F.; Silva, E.S.; Silva, D.; et al. Zika Virus Infection Leads to Mitochondrial Failure, Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human iPSC-Derived Astrocytes. *Sci. Rep.* **2020**, *10*, 1218.
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140. Li, C.; Deng, Y.-Q.; Wang, S.; Ma, F.; Aliyari, R.; Huang, X.-Y.; Zhang, N.-N.; Watanabe, M.; Dong, H.-L.; Liu, P.; et al. 25-Hydroxycholesterol Protects Host against Zika Virus Infection and Its Associated Microcephaly in a Mouse Model. *Immunity* **2017**, *46*, 446–456.
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141. Bordier, B.B.; Marion, P.L.; Ohashi, K.; Kay, M.A.; Greenberg, H.B.; Casey, J.L.; Glenn, J.S. A Prenylation Inhibitor Prevents Production of Infectious Hepatitis Delta Virus Particles. *J. Virol.* **2002**, *76*, 10465–10472.
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142. Bordier, B.B.; Ohkanda, J.; Liu, P.; Lee, S.-Y.; Salazar, F.H.; Marion, P.L.; Ohashi, K.; Meuse, L.; Kay, M.A.; Casey, J.L.; et al. In Vivo Antiviral Efficacy of Prenylation Inhibitors against Hepatitis Delta Virus. *J. Clin. Investig.* **2003**, *112*, 407–414.
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143. Chang, T.Y.; Limanek, J.S. Regulation of Cytosolic Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A Thiolase, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase, and Mevalonate Kinase by Low Density Lipoprotein and by 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. *J. Biol. Chem.* **1980**, *255*, 7787–7795.
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144. Kandutsch, A.A.; Chen, H.W.; Heiniger, H.-J. Biological Activity of Some Oxygenated Sterols. *Science* **1978**, *201*, 498–501.
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145. Guo, J. A New Pathway of Translational Regulation Mediated by Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3. *EMBO J.* **2000**, *19*, 6891–6899.
[CrossRef]

146. Hui, D.J.; Bhasker, C.R.; Merrick, W.C.; Sen, G.C. Viral Stress-Inducible Protein P56 Inhibits Translation by Blocking the Interaction of eIF3 with the Ternary Complex eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAi. *J. Biol. Chem.* **2003**, *278*, 39477–39482.
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147. Pindel, A.; Sadler, A. The Role of Protein Kinase R in the Interferon Response. *J. Interferon Cytokine Res.* **2011**, *31*, 59–70.
[CrossRef]

148. Terenzi, F.; Hui, D.J.; Merrick, W.C.; Sen, G.C. Distinct Induction Patterns and Functions of Two Closely Related Interferon-Inducible Human Genes, ISG54 and ISG56. *J. Biol. Chem.* **2006**, *281*, 34064–34071.
[CrossRef]

149. Fleith, R.C.; Mears, H.V.; Leong, X.Y.; Sanford, T.J.; Emmott, E.; Graham, S.C.; Mansur, D.S.; Sweeney, T.R. IFIT3 and IFIT2/3 Promote IFIT1-Mediated Translation Inhibition by Enhancing Binding to Non-Self RNA. *Nucleic Acids Res.* **2018**, *46*, 5269–5285.
[CrossRef]

150. Kumar, P.; Sweeney, T.R.; Skabkin, M.A.; Skabkina, O.V.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Pestova, T.V. Inhibition of Translation by IFIT Family Members Is Determined by Their Ability to Interact Selectively with the 5'-Terminal Regions of Cap0-, Cap1- and 5'ppp- mRNAs. *Nucleic Acids Res.* **2014**, *42*, 3228–3245.
[CrossRef]

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**Disclaimer/Publisher's Note:** The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
163. Yau, C.; Low, J.Z.H.; Gan, E.S.; Kwek, S.S.; Cui, L.; Tan, H.C.; Mok, D.Z.L.; Chan, C.Y.Y.; Sessions, O.M.; Watanabe, S.; et al. Dysregulated Metabolism Underpins Zika-Virus-Infection-Associated Impairment in Fetal Development. *Cell Rep.* **2021**, *37*, 110118. [CrossRef]

164. Sahoo, B.R.; Crook, A.A.; Pattnaik, A.; Torres-Gerena, A.D.; Khalimonchuk, O.; Powers, R.; Franco, R.; Pattnaik, A.K. Redox Regulation and Metabolic Dependency of Zika Virus Replication: Inhibition by Nrf2-Antioxidant Response and NAD(H) Antimetabolites. *J. Virol.* **2023**, *97*, e01363-22. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

165. Anzinger, J.J.; Butterfield, T.R.; Gouillou, M.; McCune, J.M.; Crowe, S.M.; Palmer, C.S. Glut1 Expression Level on Inflammatory Monocytes Is Associated With Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV-Infected Individuals. *JAIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.* **2018**, *77*, e28-e30. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

166. Loisel-Meyer, S.; Swainson, L.; Craveiro, M.; Oburoglu, L.; Mongellaz, C.; Costa, C.; Martinez, M.; Cosset, F.-L.; Battini, J.-L.; Herzenberg, L.A.; et al. Glut1-Mediated Glucose Transport Regulates HIV Infection. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2012**, *109*, 2549-2554. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

167. Zhang, J.; Jia, L.; Lin, W.; Yip, Y.L.; Lo, K.W.; Lau, V.M.Y.; Zhu, D.; Tsang, C.M.; Zhou, Y.; Deng, W.; et al. Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 Upregulates Glucose Transporter 1 Transcription via the mTORC1/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. *J. Virol.* **2017**, *91*, e02168-16. [CrossRef]

168. Meade, N.; Furey, C.; Li, H.; Verma, R.; Chai, Q.; Rollins, M.G.; DiGiuseppe, S.; Naghavi, M.H.; Walsh, D. Poxviruses Evade Cytosolic Sensing through Disruption of an mTORC1-mTORC2 Regulatory Circuit. *Cell* **2018**, *174*, 1143-1157.e17. [CrossRef]

169. Liang, Q.; Luo, Z.; Zeng, J.; Chen, W.; Foo, S.-S.; Lee, S.-A.; Ge, J.; Wang, S.; Goldman, S.A.; Zlokovic, B.V.; et al. Zika Virus NS4A and NS4B Proteins Deregulate Akt-mTOR Signaling in Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells to Inhibit Neurogenesis and Induce Autophagy. *Cell Stem Cell* **2016**, *19*, 663-671. [CrossRef]

170. Angin, M.; Volant, S.; Passaes, C.; Lecuroux, C.; Monceaux, V.; Dillies, M.-A.; Valle-Casuso, J.C.; Pancino, G.; Vaslin, B.; Le Grand, R.; et al. Metabolic Plasticity of HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with Enhanced Antiviral Potential and Natural Control of HIV-1 Infection. *Nat. Metab.* **2019**, *1*, 704-716. [CrossRef]

171. Chatel-Chaix, L.; Cortese, M.; Romero-Brey, I.; Bender, S.; Neufeldt, C.J.; Fischl, W.; Scaturro, P.; Schieber, N.; Schwab, Y.; Fischer, B.; et al. Dengue Virus Perturbs Mitochondrial Morphodynamics to Dampen Innate Immune Responses. *Cell Host Microbe* **2016**, *20*, 342-356. [CrossRef]

172. Van Valen, L. A New Evolutionary Law. *Evol. Theory* **1973**, *1*, 10-1126.

**Disclaimer/Publisher's Note:** The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.