Lysimachia baudoi Véla, nom. nov. in: Raab-Straube E.
von & Raus Th. (ed.), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 18

Errol Véla, Thomas Raus

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Errol Véla, Thomas Raus. Lysimachia baudoi Véla, nom. nov. in: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 18. Willdenowia, 2025, 55, pp.131. 10.3372/wi.55.10. hal-05514634

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Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 18

Authors: Raab-Straube, Eckhard von, and Raus, Thomas

Source: Willdenowia, 55(1) : 107-144

Published By: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM)

URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.10

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# Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 18

Eckhard von Raab-Straube (†) & Thomas Raus<fnref n="1" /> (ed.)

Version of record first published online on 16 June 2025.

**Abstract:** This is the eighteenth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families *Acanthaceae*, *Amaranthaceae*, *Araliaceae*, *Boraginaceae*, *Celastraceae*, *Chenopodiaceae*, *Compositae*, *Cruciferae*, *Cucurbitaceae*, *Cupressaceae*, *Cyperaceae*, *Euphorbiaceae*, *Gramineae*, *Grossulariaceae*, *Labiatae*, *Leguminosae*, *Martyniaceae*, *Orobanchaceae*, *Passifloraceae*, *Pedaliaceae*, *Plantaginaceae*, *Portulacaceae*, *Potamogetonaceae*, *Primulaceae*, *Proteaceae*, *Rubiaceae* and *Sapindaceae*. It includes new country and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in *Alkanna*, *Amaranthus*, *Cardamine*, *Carex*, *Celastrus*, *Centaurea*, *Chenopodium*, *Cyperus*, *Danthonia*, *Deschampsia*, *Dittrichia*, *Dodonaea*, *Euphorbia*, *Galium*, *Grevillea*, *Hieracium*, *Ibicella*, *Kalopanax*, *Metasequoia*, *Moluccella*, *Orobanche*, *Paspalum*, *Passiflora*, *Phelipanche*, *Phragmites*, *Portulaca*, *Potamogeton*, *Ribes*, *Ruellia*, *Salicornia*, *Salsola*, *Sesamum*, *Setaria*, *Sonchus*, *Thladiantha*, *Verbesina*, *Veronica* and *Vicia*, new combinations in *Bromus* and a replacement name in *Lysimachia*.

**Keywords:** distribution, Euro+Med PlantBase, Europe, Med-Checklist, Mediterranean, new combination, new record, replacement name, taxonomy, vascular plants

**Article history:** Contributions received 27 November 2023 to 5 December 2024; peer-review completed 9 December 2024; received in revised form 21 December 2024; accepted for publication 8 January 2025.

## Citation

### For the whole article:

Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.) 2025: Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 18. – Willdenowia 55: 107–144. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.10

### For a single contribution (example):

El Mokni R. & Raus Th. 2025: *Ruellia simplex* C. Wright. – Pp. 109–110 in: Raab-Straube E. von & Raus Th. (ed.), Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 18. – Willdenowia 55: 107–144. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.55.10

## Notice

A succinct description of the Euro+Med project, with a list of recognized territories and their abbreviations, and the conventions used to indicate the status and presence of taxa, can be found in the introduction to the first instalment of the Euro+Med Notulae (Greuter & Raab-Straube 2005: 223–226) and on the Euro+Med PlantBase website (Euro+Med 2006+). For the previous instalment of the Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, see Raab-Straube & Raus (2024).

Eckhard von Raab-Straube (born 19 August 1967) lost his life in a tragic traffic accident on 8 July 2024, in the midst of life and full of plans and merits for the taxonomy and phytogeography of the European and circum-Mediterranean plant world. He will always be gratefully remembered by the scientific community as an outstanding taxonomist and experienced networker, as his many

influential publications prove (Botanischer Garten Berlin 2024). Since June 2013 he served as the Corresponding Co-Editor of the Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae series – for a scientifically successful decade that was abruptly terminated by a terrible stroke of fate.

## Contributors

V. V. Aleksandrov, A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nakhimov Ave. 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Crimea; valexandrov@list.ru

B. Baranovski, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Haharina Ave. 72, 49010 Dnipro, Ukraine; boris.baranovski@ukr.net

K. Bormpoudaki, Association for the Solid Waste Management in Crete, Archiepiskopou Makariou 22, 71202 Iraklio, Crete, Greece; kborb@yahoo.gr

<footnote n="1">¹ Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany.</footnote>

<footnote>Author for correspondence; Thomas Raus, t.raus@bo.berlin</footnote>
F. Conti, Floristic Research Center of the Apennine, University of Camerino–Gran Sasso Laga National Park, San Colombo, 67021 Barisciano, Italy; fabio.conti@unicam.it

M. Da Pozzo, Parco delle Dolomiti d'Ampezzo, Via Mons. P. Frenademez 1, 32043 Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy; info@dolomitiparco.com

D. Doulkeridou, AEGILOPS, Network for Biodiversity and Ecology in Greece, Focal point Eleftherochori, 61100 Kilkis, Greece; despinakilkis@yahoo.com

K. A. Efetov, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea; shysh1981@mail.ru

R. El Mokni, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University Monastir, BP. No. 207, Avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; riridah@hotmail.com

D. V. Epikhin, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Academician Vernadsky Ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea; bazaza@mail.ru

C. Gangale, Ministry of the Environment and Energy Security, DG for European, International Affairs and Sustainable Finance, Cristoforo Colombo Street 44, 00147 Rome, Italy; gangale.carmen@mase.gov.it

Yu. A. Gavrilova, Department of Natural Resources and Ecology of the City of Sevastopol, A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nakhimov Ave. 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Crimea; gavrilowi@rambler.ru

A. Gerakis, Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece; aris.gerakis@ionio.gr

Ch. Gilli, Gaindorf 51, 3720 Ravelsbach, Austria; christian.gilli@gmx.at

G. Gottschlich, Hermann-Kurz-Str. 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; ggtuebingen@yahoo.com

N. Griebl, Florian-Wippel-Straße 58, 8510 Stainz, Austria; norbert.griebl@maschinenring.at

V. Ioannidis, AEGILOPS, Network for Biodiversity and Ecology in Greece, Focal point Eleftherochori, 61100 Kilkis, Greece; basiliskilkis@yahoo.gr

D. Ivanova, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; dani@bio.bas.bg

R. Jahn, Röschenhöhe 8, 09403 Großschirma, Germany; jahnralf@hotmail.com

K. Kalaentzis, Hydrobiological Station of Rhodes, Helenic Centre for Marine Research, Enydreio Sq., 85131 Rhodes, Greece; k.kalaentzis@hcmr.gr

L. Karmyzova, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Haharina Ave. 72, 49010 Dnipro, Ukraine; linakarmyzova@gmail.com

E. Kashirina, A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nakhimov Ave. 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Crimea; e_katerina.05@mail.ru

E. Katsillis, Avenue du Rond-Point 9, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; katsillis_1@yahoo.gr

J. Koopman, ul. Kochanowskiego 27, 73200 Choszczno, Poland; jackoopman@e-cho.pl

E. Koutis, AEGILOPS, Network for Biodiversity and Ecology in Greece, Ano Lechonia, 37300 Volos, Greece; info@aegilops.gr

M. Kozoni, Laboratory of Floriculture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; marianthi.kozoni@gmail.com

C. Lasen, Via Mutten 27, 32030 Arson di Feltre, Italy; cesarelasen@gmail.com

A. Levon, M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna Str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine; playwatern@gmail.com

M. Lonati, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; michele.lonati@unito.it

A. Mátis, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; matisattila@gmail.com

G. Mei, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; giacomo.mei@unibz.it

N. A. Milchakova, A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nakhimov Ave. 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Crimea; milchakova@gmail.com

R. Natcheva, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; raynanatcheva@yahoo.com

G. Nota, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; ginevra nota@unito.it

G. Pastrikos, Emmanouil Triantafyllidi 9, 85132 Rhodes, Greece; gpastrik@gmail.com

G. Pils, Buchscheiden 18, 9560 Feldkirchen in Kärnten, Österreich; gerhardpils@yahoo.de

F. Prosser, Civic Museum Foundation, Borgo S. Caterina 41, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; prosserfilippo@fondazionemcr.it

U. Raabe, Borgsheider Weg 11, 45770 Marl, Germany; uraabe@yahoo.de

S. Rätzel, Georg-Friedrich-Händel-Straße 13, 15234 Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany; stefanpeter.raetzel@googlemail.com

Th. Raus, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; t.raus@bo.berlin

S. Ravetto Enri, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; simone.ravettoenri@unito.it
M. Ristow, Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation, Uni-
versity of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Pots-
dam, Germany; ristow@uni-potsdam.de

L. E. Ryff, Flora and Vegetation Laboratory, Nikitsky Bo-
tanical Garden – National Scientific Centre, Nikita,
Yalta, Crimea; ryff.ljubov@gmail.com

A. Saci, Direction Générale des Forêts (DGF), 21000
Skida, Algeria; amarsaci21@gmail.com

M. Shevera, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; and Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Koshut Sq. 6, 90200 Beregove, Zakarpattya Oblast, Ukraine; shevera.myroslav@ukr.net

O. Shynder, M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna Str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine; shinderoleksandr@gmail.com

A. Strid, Bakkevej 6, 5853 Ørbæk, Denmark; arne.strid@youmail.dk

S. A. Svirin, Flora and Vegetation Laboratory, Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Centre, Nikita, Yalta, Crimea; and Urban Development Institute of the Sevastopol State University, Kornilova Emb. 1, 299011 Sevastopol, Crimea; sapsan7@mail.ru

H. Uhlich, Gartenstraße 19, 56357 Welterod, Germany;
uhlich.holger@googlemail.com

D. Uzunov, National Museum of Natural History, Bul-
garian Academy of Sciences, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd
1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; uzunovd@gmail.com

E. Véla, Université de Montpellier, unité mixte de re-
cherche AMAP (botanique et bio-informatique de
l'architecture des plantes et des végétations), CIRAD
/CNRS / INRA / IRD, Montpellier, France; errol.vela
@cirad.fr

F. Verloove, Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38,
1860 Meise, Belgium; filip.verloove@botanicgarden
meise.be

V. S. Vishnyakov, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, 109, 152742 Borok, Yaroslavl Region, Russia; aeonium25@mail.ru

C. Wellstein, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; camilla.wellstein@unibz.it

A. V. Yena, Agrotechnological Academy at the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Agrarnoye, 295492 Simferopol, Crimea; an.yena@gmail.com

P. E. Yevseyenkov, independent researcher, Sevastopol,
Crimea; fhunt@flora.crimea.ru

Acanthaceae

*Ruellia simplex* C. Wright (= *R. brittoniana* Leonard; = *R. coerulea* Morong; = *R. malacosperma* Greenm.; = *R. tweedieana* Griseb.) – Fig. 1.

A **Tn**: Tunisia: Wilayah of Zaghouan, El Fahs, 36°23'N, 09°55'E, 180 m, by roadsides, 11 Oct 2018, *El Mokni*

(Herb. Univ. Monastir); ibid., Wilayah of Monastir, Mo-
nastir City, 35°46'N, 10°49'E, 20 m, by roadsides near
public gardens, 27 Oct 2022, *El Mokni* (Herb. Univ. Mo-
nastir). – *Ruellia simplex*, commonly known as “Mexican
petunia” or “Mexican bluebell”, is native to Mexico, the
Antilles (first described from Cuba), W Bolivia, SW Bra-
zil, Paraguay, Uruguay and NE Argentina. From its dis-
junct occurrences it had been described several times as
a species new to science; all those taxa, however, finally
proved to be conspecific (Fernald 1945; Ezcurra & Dan-
iel 2007). According to Turland & al. (2018: Art. 60.8
and 60.9), the spelling of the published epithets “tweedi-
ana” and “tweedyana” is correctable to *tweedieana*,
commemorating John Tweedie, 1775–1862 (Coats 1969:
357–359). The species was introduced to Florida in the
1930s (Hupp & al. 2009) and since then has become a
very popular landscape plant appreciated for its prolific
flowering and low maintenance requirements (Gilman
1999). Due to its ability to grow in a wide range of en-
vironmental conditions, from wetlands to almost xeric
(Hupp & al. 2009), the high average of seeds produced
per capsule and the high germination rate (98–100% un-
der ideal conditions of 30°C day and 20°C night, Wilson
& Mecca 2003), the species has naturalized in disturbed
uplands and wetlands of the S United States and Hawaii
(Wunderlin & al. 2024). In the Mediterranean region the
species is reported as casual only from Italy (Iamonico
2022; Galasso & al. 2024: 301) and is not yet listed in
The Euro+Med PlantBase (Marhold 2011a+). The Afri-
can Plant Database (APD 2024b) lists the taxon merely
as cultivated without specifying individual regions. Our
report of *R. simplex* as a casual alien from Tunisia, locally
escaped from ornamental cultivation, is the first for the
African xenophytic flora. R. El Mokni & Th. Raus

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus crispus (Lesp. & Thévenau) A. Braun ex J.
M. Coult. & S. Watson

- Cm: This name was erroneously applied to alien plants found in Feodosiya (E Crimea) in 2012 (Yena & Savchuk 2013). After re-examination of the collection, *Amaranthus crispus* is to be excluded from the Crimean flora, because this and subsequent records for this region (Iamonico 2015+; POWO 2024a), which are based on the publication mentioned above, are to be referred to *A. deflexus* L. The specimen in the Moscow Digital Herbarium (Seregin 2024), collected in Sevastopol in 2017 and designated as "*A. crispus*" (available at https://plant.depo.msu.ru/public/scan.jpg? code=MW0599937), should be referred to *A. deflexus* as well. The photograph of the Feodosiya collection was discussed by botanists and amateurs on the Plantarium forum in 2013 (Plantarium 2007–2024), the name *A. deflexus* already then having been approved as correct. Therefore, there are still 10 species of the genus *Amaranthus* in the Crimean flora (Yena 2012). In fact, Transcarpathian Ukraine (at Mukachevo
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 1. *Ruellia simplex* – A: habit and habitat; B: apical part of flowering stem with flower. – Tunisia, Monastir, Monastir City, 27 Oct 2022, photographs by R. El Mokni.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

and Uzhgorod) is the only region of the European part of the former USSR where *A. crispus* can be met with as a very rare alien plant (Mosyakin 2006: 12–13; Chopyk & Fedoronchuk 2015; Iamonico 2015+), but influential global plant databases (GBIF 2023a, sub *A. crispus* (Lesp. & Thévenau) N. Terracc.; POWO 2024a) do not map the species from this region. The specimen of *A. crispus* from Uzhgorod is available at https://plant.depo.msu.ru/public/scan.jpg? code=MHA0118228 (Seregin 2024).

*hypericifolia* L. (*Strid 61794*, UPA), another alien that appears to be spreading in the S Aegean area (see Muer & al. 2024). *Amaranthus dubius* is very close to *A. spinosus* and differs from it, apart from the absence of spines, almost only by the distribution of the sexes in the inflorescence (not separated in a basal female and an apical male portion as in the latter) and by blunt (not acute or spiny-tipped) female perianth segments (Thellung 1914).

Th. Raus & A. Strid

### Araliaceae

*Amaranthus dubius* Mart. ex Thell. – Fig. 2.

**A Cr:** Greece, Kriti (Crete): Nomos of Chania, Eparchia of Sfakia, lower entrance of Imbros gorge, 35°11'N, 24°10'E, 70 m, ruderal habitat by a chapel, plants erect, to 80 cm tall, 29 Oct 2023, *Strid 61793* (B, as *Amaranthus powellii* S. Watson, det. Th. Raus). – First record from Greece of this casual amaranth with thin, sometimes flexuous, whitish green, leafless terminal pseudo-spikes, bracts shorter than perianth, and circumscissile fruits. It is native to Central America, the Caribbean and NW South America S to Bolivia, introduced into C and E Africa, SW Asia, China and part of the Pacific islands, and commonly used as vegetable crop in the tropics. In Europe, it has been reported in France (Thellung 1912), Germany (Aellen 1959), and recently Bulgaria (Delipavlov & Cheshmedzhiev 2011) as an infrequent introduction from several sources, especially waste of imported cocoa, coffee, citrus fruits, wool, cotton, and birdseed. In the Cretan locality, *A. dubius* was the dominant plant in a small, fenced area of c. 5 × 5 m. The only other species collected with it was *Euphorbia*

*Kalopanax septemlobus* (Thunb.) Koidz. – Fig. 3.

**A Uk:** Ukraine: Zakarpattia Oblast, Mukachevo Raion, NW outskirts of Berezynka village, in *Fagus* forest near the Berezynka Arboretum, 48.418451°N, 22.785902°E, 173 m, single spontaneous 3-year-old sapling, 2 May 2024, *Shynder & Shevera* (KWHA 104917). – This is the first record of the taxon from Ukraine outside of cultivation. It is native to E Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East) and is only cultivated in temperate Europe and North America (Poletiko 1960; GBIF 2024f). In Ukraine, it is rarely cultivated in some botanical gardens and parks; single trees were reported in the regions of Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Kyiv City, Lviv, Ternopil, Zhytomyr, and in Crimea, but cultivation was not always successful (Poletiko 1960; Kokhno & Trofymenko 2005; Melnyk & al. 2011). Recently, self-seeding was recorded near adult plants of *K. septemlobus* in the botanical garden of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences in Kyiv City (Kolesnichenko & al. 2010). Zakarpattia
Oblast is a region with a warm and humid climate, which is favourable for this species, but there are no published or other data on its cultivation in that region (Fodor 1974; Kokhno & Trofymenko 2005). However, we were able to find out that *K. septemlobus* has been cultivated for more than 20 years in the Berezynka Arboretum in the vicinity of Mukachevo. The spontaneous spread into the nearby *Fagus* forest suggests that the species is in the initial stage of naturalization. Currently it is a casual escape from cultivation (ergasiophygophyte sec. Ponert 1977) in the flora of Ukraine.
O. Shynder & M. Shevera

### Boraginaceae

**Alkanna orientalis** (L.) Boiss.

**A Cm:** Crimea: Yalta Raion, outskirts of Vidradne village, 44.50416°N, 34.23104°E, 13 m, two plants in bushes on slope above Black Sea coast, on dry degraded soil, 11 May 2012, *Levon* (photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/192364733). – This is the first recorded occurrence of the species in Crimea. It is native to the Mediterranean and W Asia, occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant in W and S Europe (Huber-Morath 1978; Richardson 2011). The species is cultivated in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, Kyiv (Rakhmetov & al. 2020). The means of migration of *A. orientalis* into the natural habitat cited above is unknown, but not far from there is the Nikita Botanical Garden, which is assumed to be the place of origin. We therefore consider *A. orientalis* to be a casual escape from cultivation in Crimea (ergasiophygophyte sec. Ponert 1977).

O. Shynder & A. Levon

### Celastraceae

**Celastrus orbiculatus** Thunb. – Fig. 4.

**N Bu:** Bulgaria: W Rhodope Mts, Smolyan district, along main road from Borino village to Dospat town, between Eshekchidere river and crossroad to Zmeitsa village, 41.66146°N, 24.25736°E, 1262 m, coniferous forest, 27 Oct 2023, *Ivanova & Natcheva* (SOM 179185, SOM 179186); ibid., in flower, 18 Jun 2024, *Natcheva* (SOM 179209 female individual, SOM 179210 male individual); ibid., with fruits, 17 Oct 2024, *Natcheva obs.*; S Black Sea coast, Burgas district, along main road between Lozenets village and Tsarevo town, 42.19540°N, 27.81923°E, 20 m, scrubland and rocks on roadside verge, 21 May 2020, *Stoyanov* (SOM 178639 female individual, SOM 178640 male individual). – *Celastrus orbiculatus* is a species new to the Bulgarian flora. During a field trip on 27 October 2023 in the W Rhodope Mts we noticed woody vines with unlobed, ovate, serrate leaves in yellow autumn color, twining on coniferous trees and identified as *C. orbiculatus*. A search in the herbarium SOM revealed another unpublished collection of this species in flower from the S Black Sea coast floristic region; both male and female plants were collected in the lat-

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 2. *Amaranthus dubius*, young inflorescence. – Greece, Kriti, Sfakia, lower entrance of Imbros gorge, 29 Oct 2023, photograph by A. Strid.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 3. *Kalopanax septemlobus*, sapling in *Fagus* forest. – Ukraine, Zakarpattia Oblast, near Berezynka village, 2 May 2024, photograph by O. Shynder.</figcaption></figure>

ter place. In Bulgaria, the species invades disturbed sites by roads but also natural forest habitats. In the Rhodope Mts population, the species occupied at least 10 trees of *Picea abies* (L.) H. Karst. and *Pinus sylvestris* L. by the road to a height of more than 7–8 m, or it formed dense canopies over small roadside trees along a c. 700 m section, reaching 15–20 m from the road into the forest.
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 4. *Celastrus orbiculatus* – A: climbing vine on *Picea abies*; B: twining stem around trunk of host tree; C: dense cover over small trees; D: flowering branch with male flowers; E: arillate fruits. – A, B: Bulgaria, W Rhodope Mts, Borino to Dospat, 27 Oct 2023, photographs by D. Ivanova; C, D: ibid., 18 Jun 2024; E: ibid., 17 Oct 2024, photographs by R. Natcheva.</figcaption></figure>

Some stems were cut, followed by sprouting of vigorous regrowth. The site in the Rhodope Mts was revisited in June 2024, and both flowering male and female plants were detected; fruits were observed in October. Although it might be that several neighbouring host trees were occupied by vines of the same clone, the large number of occupied trees situated far from one another suggested a larger number of clones.

The genus *Celastrus* is not native to Europe. However, two species, *C. scandens* L. and *C. orbiculatus*, both widely cultivated commercially for their colourful fruits, are reported as introduced, either naturalized or casual (Raab-Straube 2018a+). *Celastrus orbiculatus* is a liana native to temperate E Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East; POWO 2024g). The non-native

range comprises Canada, the United States, Vietnam, New Zealand and some European countries (Beringen & al. 2017; Gudžinskas & al. 2020 and references therein; Mangili & al. 2020; Urziceanu & al. 2020; Mosyakin & Mosyakin 2021; EPPO 2024). Since 2005, the number of newly reported occurrences of this vine is considered to be exponentially increasing in Europe (Gudžinskas & al. 2020). In its native range, *C. orbiculatus* grows in thickets on grassy slopes and in mixed forests, in lowlands and mountains (Zhang & Funston 2008). In its non-native range, the species is highly adaptable, growing under a very wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions (Del Tredici 2014; Beringen & al. 2017; McKenzie-Gopsill & MacDonald 2021). It clearly benefits from habitat disturbance. The way of introduction of *C. orbiculatus* in
the W Rhodope Mts is unclear and cannot be established unequivocally. It is very unlikely that the species is cultivated as an ornamental plant in the small mountainous villages nearby. It is also unlikely that the species has been deliberately planted against erosion of roadsides in that area. The exact time of introduction is not known either. A plausible means of spread of the Rhodope population is by animals feeding on the fruits and carrying seeds in their gastrointestinal tracts over long distances. For the S Black Sea coast there is evidence to suggest that the species has escaped from the coastal resorts nearby, which have undergone rapid development in the last 30 years, including new construction of many green areas furnished with various ornamental plants; animals likely carried seeds to the coastal rocks where the species was collected in 2020. *Celastrus orbiculatus* is a successful, competitive invader. Numerous negative impacts of this species have been reported in the invaded areas (see, e.g., Greenberg & al. 2001; Silveri & al. 2001; Williams & Timmins 2003; Ellsworth & al. 2004; Del Tredici 2014; Beringen & al. 2017; Gudžinskas & al. 2020). The species should be regarded as naturalized in Bulgaria because the known populations seem to have persisted for many years without any human intervention. However, the species does not show any invasive behaviour here so far, although it may become locally abundant due to vegetative and seed propagation; suitable habitats for further growth and expansion exist. To our knowledge, the Bulgarian localities are the southeasternmost records of *C. orbiculatus* in Europe found so far.

D. Ivanova & R. Natcheva

*Chenopodiaceae*

**Chenopodium betaceum** Andrz. (= *C. striatum* (Krašan Murr; – *C. strictum* auct. non Roth))

+ AI: Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Velipojë, Alfons-Tracki-Street at St Nicholas church, 41°52'24"N, 19°23'57"E, 2 m, ruderal roadside, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus 35189* (B). – There are no previously published records from Albania. The species is probably more widespread throughout the country in agricultural and ruderal habitats, in continuation of its ample distribution range in mainland Greece (Strid 2024: 581, map 2322). It is a Eurosiberian species, introduced into North America, known under the misapplied name “*Chenopodium strictum*” in the past (for taxonomic and nomenclatural implications see Mosyakin 2017a; Mosyakin & Mandák 2020).

Th. Raus

**Chenopodium giganteum** D. Don

N AI: Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Velipojë, Alfons-Tracki-Street at St Nicholas church, 41°52'21"N, 19°24'12"E, 2 m, grassy road embankment, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus 35179* (B); ibid., 41°52'03"N, 19°24'21"E, 7 m, roadside near junction toward coastal Europa Resort, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus 35180*

(B); ibid., 41°51'42"N, 19°25'41"E, 1 m, ruderal places along seafront, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus obs.*; ibid., 41°51'32"N, 19°24'37"E, 1 m, wall of beach bar on maritime sands, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus obs.* – There are no previously published records from Albania. The species is not uncommon in the coastal plain S of Shkodër and is to be considered as established in agricultural areas, by roadsides and in ruderal places; it is also naturalized in Croatia (Nikolić 1994), Greece (Dimopoulos & al. 2024; Strid 2024: 581, map 2324), Hungary (Mihály & Botta-Dukát 2004) and Italy (Galasso & al. 2024). *Chenopodium giganteum* was described from Nepal; the native range comprises the Himalayas, Tibet, C China, Manchuria and the Russian Far East (Mosyakin & Mandák 2018; POWO 2024f). The species is widely cultivated outside of its native range as an ornamental plant or minor crop (leaf vegetable and pseudo-cereal) and is easily recognized by young parts of the plants being farinose from bright reddish pink, vesicular hairs.

Th. Raus

**Chenopodium striatiforme** Murr (= *C. album* subsp. microphyllum (Boenn.) Sterner)

+ AI: Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Franciscan monastery of Velipojë, 41°52'22"N, 19°23'53"E, 2 m, eggplant (*Solanum melongena* L.) plantation in irrigated convent garden, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus 35191* (B). – There are no previously published records from Albania. The species is probably more widespread throughout the country, preferring irrigated agricultural and horticultural habitats, in continuation of its ample distribution range in mainland Greece (Strid 2024: 582, map 2326). Named more than a hundred years ago as a taxon in the *Chenopodium album* group that is not identical to *C. album* L. s. str. (Murr 1901), *C. striatiforme* fell into oblivion and was not accepted and keyed out in *Flora europaea* but merely included either in *C. album* (Brenan 1964: 94, 439) or *C. betaceum* (Akeroyd 1993: 114, misapplied under *C. strictum*). Aellen (1960: 651, under *C. album* var. *microphyllum* Boenn.) called it “one of the most distinctive morphological and ecological varieties in our region, representing, as it were, a *C. album* that has been reduced in size in all parts”. It was only reintroduced into European floristics as a species native to C, NE and SE Europe by Uotila (1977, 2001: 24, 2011+; see also Hand & al. 2024), recognizable, among other morphological discontinuities, mainly by its small, 2–2.5 cm long, triangular-rhombic, apically obtuse lower stem leaves (vs 5–7 cm long, broadly ovate-lanceolate and apically acute in *C. album*). In the Velipojë plain of N Albania, *C. striatiforme* and *C. album* occur sympatrically (the latter, e.g., in ruderal places along Velipojë seafront, 41°51'42"N, 19°25'41"E, 1 m, 22 Oct 2024, *Raus obs.*).

Th. Raus

*Salicornia europaea* L. s. str.

– AI, Bu: Although traditionally given for Albania and Bulgaria (Greuter & al. 1984: 307; Piirainen 2009+),
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 5. *Centaurea diluta* subsp. *diluta* - A: habit of flowering plant; B: basal leaves; C: stem and upper leaf; D: capitulum, lateral view. - Greece, Kriti (Crete), Ligortynos to Arkalohori, 5 & 7 Jul 2024, photographs by K. Bormpoudaki.</figcaption></figure>

*Salicornia europaea* is absent from these two Med-Checklist areas, and is confined to the Atlantic and Baltic coasts of Europe (Kadereit & al. 2007, 2012). Recently published evidence for *S. europaea* in Albania (Vangjeli 2015; Pils 2016; Barina & al. 2017, 2018) is misleading, referring in fact to the diploid *S. perennans* Willd. subsp. *perennans* and the tetraploid *S. procumbens* Sm. subsp. *procumbens*; for field characters and ecological differences between the two taxa in Albania see Fanelli & al. (2015: 131–132). The illustration in Pils (2016: P135-7, as “*S. europaea*”) depicts *S. procumbens* subsp. *procumbens* in its typical red-coloured autumnal aspect. Records of *S. europaea* from the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria (Assyov & al. 2012: 360) likewise refer to *S. perennans* subsp. *perennans*, which occurs there sympatrically with *S. procumbens* (Assyov & al. 2012, sub *S. ramosissima*); the morphologically deviating *S. perennans* subsp. *altaica* (Lomon.) G. Kadereit & Piirainen is confined to C

Asia. The circum-Adriatic absence of *S. europaea* s. str. is likewise confirmed by Bartolucci & al. (2018: 243) and Stešević & al. (2022: 119). Th. Raus

*Salicornia procumbens* Sm. subsp. *procumbens*

+ **Bu:** See the preceding contribution. This taxon was not given for Bulgaria by Piirainen (2009+) and POWO (2024u); four more subspecies are accepted within the total distribution range of *Salicornia procumbens* in Europe, NW Africa and SW Asia. Th. Raus

*Salsola squarrosa* Steven ex Moq.

+ **Al:** Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Velipojë beach, 41°51'38"N, 19°26'02"E, 1 m, slightly ruderalized sand dunes in front of coastal *Pinus pinea* L. stand 50 m from seashore, 22 Oct 2024, Raus 35178 (B). – This is the first published, georeferenced record from Albania of this species, which replaces *Sal-
sola kali L. along the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Sea region (Mosyakin 2017b); the latter is confined to the Atlantic and Baltic coasts of Europe (Rilke 1999). Recently published evidence for *S. kali* (subsp. kali) in Albania (Uotila 2011+; Fanelli & al. 2015; Vangjeli 2015, 2017; Pils 2016; Barina & al. 2017, 2018) is misleading, referring in fact to *S. squarrosa*, which is the earliest available binomial applicable for the whole Mediterranean coastal complex of races known earlier as *S. controversa*, *S. pontica* (≡ *S. tragus* subsp. *pontica*) and under the misapplied name *S. kali* auct. (Mosyakin 2017b: 526). Bartolucci & al. (2018: 243) accepted *S. squarrosa* subsp. *controversa* (Tod. ex Lojac.) Mosyakin as indigenous to Italy, while Dimopoulos & al. (2024) and the Flora Ionica Working Group (2016+) accepted *S. squarrosa* subsp. *squarrosa* as indigenous to the W coast of mainland Greece and the Ionian islands; the two infraspecific taxa may merge in Albania. It seems premature to allocate Albanian populations to subspecific rank unless sufficient material has been morphologically examined.

Th. Raus

*Compositae* (Asteraceae)

*Centaurea diluta* Aiton subsp. *diluta* – Fig. 5.

A Cr: Greece, Kriti (Crete): Iraklio, Minoa Pediada, provincial road Ligortynos–Arkalohori, 35°07'49.2"N, 25°15'07.1"E, 367 m, small colony of 25–30 plants, averaging 10–20 cm tall (max. height 45 cm), at edge of cereal field, 5 Jul 2024, *Bormpoudaki* (photos [Fig. 5], conf. A. Bakali, Z. Angourakis & R. Jahn). – This is the first record in Crete and to our knowledge the first report of this annual species for the Eastern Mediterranean. It is most likely not native but introduced into Crete, taking into consideration the distance between the island and the areas where the plant is known to occur (native to Spain and NW Africa, naturalized in Italy, see Greuter 2006+) and the type of habitat that was observed. The possibility that the species exists in new sites with similar environments on the island and its persistence at the locality cited above should be further investigated.

K. Bormpoudaki & R. Jahn

*Dittrichia viscosa* (L.) Greuter subsp. *viscosa* (≡ *Inula viscosa* (L.) Aiton subsp. *viscosa*) – Fig. 6.

N Cm: Crimea: Yalta district, E of Foros, Cape Katoryly (Chekhov Cape), 44°23'41"N, 33°48'07.7"E, 2 m, limestone boulder-block beach, several plants, 27 May 2011, *Ryff* (herb. Ryff); ibid., outskirts of Opolzneve village, 44.40967°N, 33.94931°E, 338 m, roadside, 1 casual introduced plant, 24 Aug 2012, *Levon* (photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/130764879); ibid., Sevastopol region, NW of Cape Sarych, coast of Laspi Bay, 44°23'36.2"N, 33°43'36.9"E, 5 m, among limestone boulders on clayey coastal cliff, 27 May 2016, *Ryff* (photo [Fig. 6B]); ibid., between boarding house “Palmida” and recreation centre “Izumrud-2”,

44°23'47"N, 34°43'29"E, 3–5 m, boulder-block beach, 5 Jul 2017, *Ryff* (YALT; photo [Fig. 6A]). – The genus *Dittrichia* Greuter is recorded here for the first time for Crimea. The native range of *D. viscosa* comprises the Atlantic Islands and the Mediterranean basin (Azores to Jordan; Danin 2004: 335; POWO 2024k). As an introduced alien, *D. viscosa* is reported from non-Mediterranean Europe (Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland), Western Australia and scattered regions of North and South America (Randall 2017; GBIF 2024d; POWO 2024k). Native populations closest to Crimea are known from NE Greece (Dimopoulos & al. 2024; Strid 2024: 273, map 1089) and SW Bulgaria (Petrič, Topolnitsa) just N of the border with Greece (Kuzmanov 2012: 252). Evidence from Romania turned out to be incorrect (Greuter 2006+). Therefore, all plants seen by us from Crimean localities have soft, opaque, oblong-lanceolate, manifestly serrulate leaves, up to 30 mm wide and therefore clearly belong to subsp. *viscosa*. Subsp. *angustifolia* differs from the type subspecies in its subrigid, shining, linear to linear-lanceolate, shortly serrulate or entire narrow leaves up to 10 mm wide (Brullo & De Marco 2000). The two subspecies meet in Greece in a broad zone of contact, where transitional forms are not uncommon (Dimopoulos & al. 2013: 272; 2024).

*Dittrichia viscosa* was first found in Crimea in May 2011 near Foros. A few plants grew among limestone boulders on the seashore together with *Heliotropium sibiricum* (L.) J. I. M. Melo and *Rubus* sp. During various searches in 2021, however, the species could not be confirmed there again. In 2016–2017, a large population of *D. viscosa* subsp. *viscosa* was discovered in a similar habitat in the SE part of the coast of Laspi Bay. The species dominated the backshore and clayey coastal cliff together with *Artemisia santonicum* L., *Cynodon dactylon* (L.) Pers., *Elytrigia caespitosa* subsp. *nodosa* (Nevski) Tzvelev, *E. elongata* (Host) Nevski (≡ *Thinopyrum elongatum* (Host) D. R. Dewey), *Jacobaea grandidentata* (Ledeb.) Vasjukov, *J. maritima* (L.) Pelser & Meijden, *Phragmites australis* (Cav.) Steud., *Seseli gummiferum* Sm. subsp. *gummiferum*, *Sonchus oleraceus* L. and other salt-tolerant plants. It is most likely that the seeds of *D. viscosa* subsp. *viscosa* were carried to the Crimean shore by a storm, possibly entering the Black Sea with ballast water. Long-distance dispersal of the species by water and wind is known from elsewhere (Randall 2017). Spread by migratory birds would be another conceivable means of introduction. It is unknown when exactly *D. viscosa* subsp. *viscosa* invaded the Laspi shores, but now it is completely naturalized there. Although generally
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 6. *Dittrichia viscosa* subsp. viscosa - A: habit and habitat; B: upper part of shoot of vegetative plant. - Crimea, Sevastopol region, Laspi, 5 Jul 2017 (A), 27 May 2016 (B), photographs by L. E. Ryff.</figcaption></figure>

considered a weed, often noted as invasive, the species does not yet penetrate natural or anthropogenic habitats beyond the seashore in Laspi Bay.

L. E. Ryff, A. Levon & O. Shynder

**Hieracium marmoreum** Панčić & Vis.

+ Gr: Greece: W Makedonia, Nomos and Eparchia of Florina, SW of Antartiko on road to Lake Mikri Pre-spa, 40°45'N, 21°11'E, 1100 m, road embankment in deciduous oak forest, 11 Oct 2024, *Strid 62339* (herb. Gottschlich 84945, UPA, det. G. Gottschlich). – New to Greece, the species was described from Mt Vukan, E Serbia (see Clementi & al. 2015: 33–34, fig. 4; Visiani & Pančić 1865: 468) and is known to occur also in SW Bulgaria (Assyov & al. 2012: 225). Three infraspecific taxa are traditionally distinguished, optionally accepted at subspecific rank (Zahn 1921: 598; Josifović 1975: 431; Greuter 2008: 379) as subsp. *marmoreum*, subsp. *pavlovicii* Nägeli & Peter and subsp. *reticulatum* Nägeli & Peter, reduced to varietal rank by Hayek (1931: 994–995). The Greek population matches the type: involucre basally with stellate hairs, apically glabrescent.

G. Gottschlich & A. Strid

**Sonchus tenerrimus** L.

+ Al: Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Velipojë seafront 41°51'42"N, 19°25'41"E, 1 m, not uncommon in ruderal places, also as a weed in flower beds, 22 Oct 2024, *Raus 35175* (B). – There are no previously published records from Albania. The species is widespread in coastal habitats around the Mediterranean

Sea (Greuter 2006+), hence its occurrence in Albania is not surprising and was to be expected. Th. Raus

**Verbesina encelioides** (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray (= *Ximenesia encelioides* Cav.) – Fig. 7.

**A Cm:** Crimea: Krasnopere-kopsky Rayon, Ishun', on a pile of soil close to an irrigation canal, 11 Oct 2009, *Shum* (CSAU); ibid., Dzhankoy, abandoned park, 26 Sep 2009, *Strelchuk* (CSAU); ibid., Feodosiya, roadside ditch, 3 Nov 2010, *Kirilenko* (CSAU); ibid., Simferopol, Maly Salgir riverside close to Lermontova Str., 23 Oct 2012, *Belokopytova* (CSAU); ibid., Gagarina Str. close to bridge over Salgir River, plot with ruderal vegetation, 16 Nov 2023, *Yena* (CSAU); ibid.,

Gagarina Str. 14a, along kerb of pavement, 8 Oct 2024, *Yena* (CSAU). – Not previously reported outside cultivation in Crimea. *Verbesina encelioides* is an annual herb native to Mexico and the SW United States (Torrey & Gray 1969). Today it is widespread and invasive worldwide (Jain & al. 2008). In the Old World, *V. encelioides* prefers open, ruderal habitats in abandoned areas, along roadsides and riverbanks. The ornamental plant is widely cultivated throughout the Euro+Med region, but its distribution as a casual or established alien is documented rather incompletely. Fifteen years ago, *V. encelioides* was reported from France, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Israel and Jordan (Greuter & Raab-Straube 2008). Currently it is additionally given from Portugal, all countries of N and W Europe except Iceland, Ireland and the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Ukraine, and Tunisia and Libya in N Africa (Greuter 2006+; Mahklouf & Abuhadra 2020; Sayari & al. 2016; GBIF 2023d). There are sporadic findings of the species in Belarus (Mialik 2018) and the Russian Federation, namely in Udmurtia (Baranova & al. 2019), Southern European Russia and Northern Caucasus (Dudov & Seregin 2024). Lately, growing this plant has become popular in Crimea, and single individuals escaped from cultivation appear here and there. Meanwhile, the status of the species in the Crimean ruderal flora as a casual alien has not changed during 15 years. The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization placed *V. encelioides* on the observation list because available information is too scarce to count it among the worst threats (Brunel & al. 2010).

A. V. Yena
*Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)*

**Cardamine occulta** Hornem. (≡ *Cardamine flexuosa* var. *occulta* (Hornem.) O. E. Schulz) – Fig. 8.

**A Cm:** Crimea: Sevastopol, Repina Str., Yuri Gagarin Park, 44°35'56.4"N, 33°29'32.6"E, 37 m, lawn, 24 & 27 Mar 2024, *Yevseyenkov* (YALT; photos [Fig. 8]); ibid., Yalta, Sovetskaya Square, 44°29'56"N, 34°10'09"E, 10 m, flowerbed, 16 Apr 2024, *Ryff* (YALT). – The native range of *C. occulta* is S and E Asia. The spontaneous occurrence of this species in Europe was first recorded in 1977 (Šlenker & al. 2019; Torun & al. 2023). Since then, the species has spread widely across the continent, especially in W, C and S Europe (Marhold 2011b+; POWO 2024d). It is known to occur in regions adjacent to Crimea, viz. Turkey, the Caucasus and Ukraine (Torun & al. 2023; Shynder & al. 2024; GBIF 2024a). *Cardamine occulta* prefers damp habitats such as banks of reservoirs, lawns and flowerbeds with regular irrigation, as well as greenhouses. This species was introduced to Crimea in recent years, apparently with planting material of ornamental plants; its populations are small and it is still a casual alien there. *Cardamine occulta* differs from the related native species *C. hirsuta* L. by an ascending, pubecent stem, branched from the base (vs usually simple, straight and glabrous in *C. hirsuta*), an almost complete absence of compact basal leaf rosettes, and 6 stamens (vs 4 stamens in *C. hirsuta*) (Šlenker & al. 2019; Torun & al. 2023).
L. E. Ryff & P. E. Yevseyenkov

*Cucurbitaceae*

*Thladiantha dubia* Bunge – Fig. 9.

**N Cm:** Crimea: Simferopol, near Beregovaya Street, 44°55'30.45"N, 34°04'47.11"E, bank of Slavyanka River, 26 Jul 2013, *Yevseyenkov* (photo: https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en/page/image/id/199724.html); ibid., floodplain of Slavyanka River before Verkhniy pond, 28 Jul 2013, ruderal vegetation under *Salix* spp. canopy, *Svirin & Yena* (CSAU); ibid., near Opytnaya Street, 44°55'36"N, 34°04'49"E, bank of Slavyanka River, 2 Sep 2024, *Epikhin* (SIMF); ibid., Simferopolskiy district, vicinity of Zhivopisnoye village, 45°01'57"N, 34°10'54"E, wasteland, 6 Jul 2020, *Yevseenkov & Svirin* (photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/69570466); ibid., vicinity of Zuya, 45°03'00"N, 34°19'33"E, 7 Aug 2020, *Safina* (photo: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55892034). – *Thladiantha dubia*, a species of E Asian origin (incl. Russian Far East, Tzvelev 2006; Lu & al. 2011) and sometimes cultivated as an ornamental, is actively naturalized in Europe (Henning & al. 2017+). Besides being recorded for Crimea from three localities in the Crimean foothills, this species has been continuously observed since 2013 only in Simferopol, on the narrow floodplain of the Slavyanka River. The area where the species grows has increased from a few square metres to now c. 530 m². Currently, the population is distributed

along the riverbed for c. 80 m. *Thladiantha dubia* grows here on silt deposits and construction waste, in open seminatural phytocoenoses consisting of *Acer negundo* L., *Salix alba* L. and *S. cinerea* L. with *Arctium tomentosum* Mill., *Cirsium arvense* (L.) Scop., *Echinochloa crus-galli* (L.) P. Beauv., *Persicaria hydropiper* (L.) Delarbre, *Sium sisaroideum* DC., *Solanum nigrum* L. and *Urtica dioica* L. as the herb layer. Plants bloom annually, and there are both male and female individuals in the population. Unlike in other neighbouring regions to the north where *T. dubia* is known as a strongly invasive species (Vinogradova & al. 2009; Kostruba & al. 2021), its Crimean population is no cause for concern so far.
A. V. Yena, D. V. Epikhin, P. E. Yevseyenkov & S. A. Svirin

*Cupressaceae*

*Metasequoia glyptostroboides* Hu & W. C. Cheng

**A It:** Italy: Piemonte, Grugliasco (Torino), 45.066419°N, 7.589950°E, 290 m, public park of university campus (University of Torino), 12 Jun 2024, *Lonati, Nota & Ravetto Enri* (B). – *Metasequoia glyptostroboides* is a “living fossil” discovered in China in the past century and described in 1948 (Hu & Cheng 1948). After its discovery, the species was widely distributed for ornamental purposes, currently cultivated in over 50 countries on all continents (Ma 2007). In the Euro+Med area, the species is reported in large-scale cultivation in Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria (Raab-Straube 2014+), and only in Great Britain it is given as a casual alien escaped from cultivation (POWO 2024p; planted in parks and by roads, rarely self-sown, see Stace 2019: 55). In the above locality two large specimens, cultivated as ornamental trees in a public garden, regularly produce hundreds of seedlings that survive in places

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 7. *Verbesina encelioides*, habit and habitat. – Crimea, Simferopol, 25 Sep 2024, photograph by A. V. Yena.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 8. *Cardamine occulta*, flowering and fruiting plants. – A: plants in habitat; B: plants on paper with 5 × 5 mm squares. – Crimea, Sevastopol, 24 Mar 2024 (A) and 27 Mar 2024 (B), photographs by P. E. Yevseyenkov.</figcaption></figure>

protected from summer draught, many of them having grown up to 5- or 6-year-old saplings by now. Based on our field observations, *M. glyptostroboides* is to be considered a new casual alien species in Italy.

M. Lonati, G. Nota & S. Ravetto Enri

*Cyperaceae*

*Carex pachystachya* Cham. ex Steud. – Fig. 10.

**N** It: Italy: Veneto, Dolomites, Belluno, Cortina d'Ampezzo municipality, below Rifugio Son Forca, 46°33'52.7"N, 12°10'52.4"E, 2073 m, *Scirpus sylvaticus* L. stand above small artificial lake, calcareous-dolomitic substrate, 10 Aug 2023, *Lasen & Da Pozzo* (ROV 80196, W, herb. Koopman, herb. Lasen). – On 28 August 2021, C. Lasen collected a *Carex* just below Rifugio Son Forca, near a ski slope, at the foot of Mte Cristallo, Dolomites, impressed by its unusual appearance. In January 2023, the collection was shown to F. Prosser, who suspected that it might be an allochthonous species. However, the collected plants were without basal parts, as Bruno Wallnöfer, Vienna (in litt.) pointed out to us, which complicated the already difficult determination. Therefore, C. Lasen and M. Da Pozzo carried out a second collection including basal parts on 10 August 2023. The site consists of a stand of subdominant *Scirpus sylvaticus* L. with numerous other *Carex* species: *C. ferruginea* Scop., *C. flacca* Schreb., *C. flava* L., *C. hirta* L., *C. nigra* (L.) Reichard, *C. panicea* L., *C. paniculata* L. and *C. sempervirens* Vill. The site is located at the edge of a ski slope and just upstream of a reservoir for artificial snow and therefore in an area that has been subject to considerable disturbance for several years. At the end of 2023, samples with underground parts were sent to J. Koopman. A review of the *Carex* species introduced in Europe on the basis of Koopman's monograph (2022) showed that the Son For-

ca plant corresponded in particular to *C. pachystachya*. A check of the *Flora of North America* (Mastrogiuseppe & al. 2002) confirmed the determination, although the key presented in this work is rather complex due to the large number of species treated in this section. Finally, J. Koopman reported that two U.S. *Carex* experts, Barbara Wilson and Adolf Ceška, whom he had asked in turn for their opinion, were also of the same opinion.

This is a *Carex* belonging to *C. sect. Cyperoideae* G. Don, tufted, with stems 50–70 cm tall, slender, smooth, and leafy in the basal half. The leaves are 2–3 mm wide and not more than 20 cm long. The inflorescences are contracted, wholly brown, c. 1.5 cm long, consisting of 3–7 closely spaced spikes bearing male flowers at the base. At the base of the inflorescence is a usually scarious and very short bract, rarely linear. The utricles are erect-patent, greenish brown, c. 3 mm long, broader at the base, flattened, narrowed into a beak rough at the margin, with a barely noticeable wing, with two stigmas. The glumes are brown, paler at the margin, almost as long as the utricles. This description was made based on plants from Son Forca and is consistent with that reported by the *Flora of North America* (Mastrogiuseppe & al. 2002). Among the autochthonous species in N Italy, the inflorescence is reminiscent of that of *C. diandra* Schrank, which however is excluded by the spikes with male upper flowers and the margins of the utricles less distinctly winged, as well as by the different ecology: *C. diandra* is a distinctly marshland species. It may also be reminiscent of weak plants of the *C. spicata* group, which however also have spikes with male upper flowers. *Carex pachystachya* is a species that grows in W North America and E Asia (Kamchatka) (POWO 2024e). In North America, it grows in cool, moist meadows, on lake shores and along forest margins (Mastrogiuseppe & al. 2002). Outside this range, it is reported as introduced in Europe only
in Sweden (POWO 2024e), where it was mentioned at first as *C. macloviana* d'Urv. by Marscher (1990), subsequently corrected to *C. pachystachya* by Erik Ljungstrand (in Åström 2003) as keyed out in *Flora of North America*. Wallnöfer & Essl (2016) reported it as casual for Sweden; however, reports have now multiplied throughout the S part of Sweden (GBIF 2024b). There is also a finding for Germany (near Heilbronn, Baden-Württenberg, 18 May 2018, photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/12673247) by Walter

Plieninger, confirmed by Barbara Wilson. In Son Forca, the population can be estimated at around 20–25 flowering heads on an area of 12–15 m². During the visit in 2023, there was no evidence of any expansion compared to the situation in 2021, but rather a slight decrease. Despite this, taking into account that the species is slowly expanding in Europe, we consider *C. pachystachya* to be naturalized in Italy. However, only future observations will provide a definitive assessment of the status.

M. Da Pozzo, J. Koopman, C. Lasen & F. Prosser

**Cyperus colchicus** K. Koch (≡ *Pycreus colchicus* (K. Koch) Schischk. ex Grossh. ≡ *C. tremulus* var. *colchicus* (K. Koch) Kük.; = *C. stachyphorus* K. Koch; = *P. woronowii* Palla ≡ *C. tremulus* var. *woronowii* (Palla) Kük.) – Fig. 11A.

**+ Gg:** Georgia: Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Batumi, Gonio, Apsaros 1st dead end, 41.57866°N, 41.57247°E, wasteland in private garden, on excavated wet red-earth soil, 17 Sep 2023, *Vishnyakov* (BR, IBIW 76530; photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/183831954). Additionally studied specimens: [Adjara, Khelvachauri municipality, Kiziltoprakhi] Russian Lazistan, in swampy areas near Kyzyl-Toprakh, 24 Aug 1910, *Woronow & Popov 619* (TBI 1054400, TBI 1054416) [syntypes of *Pycreus woronowii*; in protologue: “in paludosis prope p. Kyzyl-Toprach. 24. VIII. n° 619”]; ibid., [Adjara, Khelvachauri, near Gonio] Russian Lazistan, Khushtule near Gonie, bog, 27 Aug 1910, *Woronow & Popov 620* (TBI 1054403) [syntype and isolectotype of *P. woronowii*; in protologue: “loc Chuštule prope p. Gonieh, ad margin paludis. 27. VIII. n° 620”]; ibid., [Adjara, Khelvachauri, near Gonio] Russian Lazistan, Khushtule near Gonie, bog, 29 Aug 1910, *Woronow & Popov 620a* (TBI 1054402) [presumably syntype of *P. woronowii*]; ibid., [Adjara, Makhindjauri?] Batum district, between Romanovka village and Sultanovskaya dacha, bogs, 25 Aug 1911, *Vvedenskiy 3738* (TBI 1054404); ibid., [Adjara]

Batum district, between Dagua village and Churuk-Su, bogs, 23 Aug 1911, *Vvedenskiy 3740* (TBI 1054413); ibid., [Adjara] Batumi Botanical Garden, as weed in nursery, 24 Nov 1938, *Popov* (BATU 002828); ibid., [Adjara] Batumi Botanical Garden, wet grassy slope, 21 Oct 1970, *Davitadze* (BATU 002841); ibid., Adjarian ASSR, Kobuleti, ditches in low-laying places, 27 Oct 1952, *Dmitrieva* (BATU 002840); ibid., [Adjara, Kobuleti municipality] Batum region and vicinity, bank of Choloki River near its mouth, wet sand, 27 Jul 1917, *Worornow* (TGM 5770); ibid., [Adjara, Kobuleti, Tsikhisdziri] Batum region and vicinity, Tsikhis-dziri, bogs, 26 Aug 1908, *Rollov* (TGM 5771); ibid., [Adjara, Kobuleti municipality] Churukhsinskii canal, Kobuleti, 11 Aug 1926, *Zedelmejer* (TBI 1054323, TBI 1054330); ibid., [Adjara] Kobuleti, bog, 2 Sep 1927, *Zedelmejer* (TBI 1054325); ibid., [Adjara, Kobuleti, near Chakvi] Transcaucasia, Georgia, Adzharistan, prope p. Tchakva, 4 Oct 1927, *Makashvili* (TBI 1054328); ibid., [Adjara, Kobuleti] Kobuleti bogs, 29 Sep 1956, *Erkomaishvili* (TBI 1054335); ibid., [Adjara, Khelvachauri, Salibauri] Transcaucasia, Georgia, Adzharistan, Kobulety district, Salibaur, 6 Sep 1926, *Makajev* (TBI 1054329); Guria [Ozurgeti municipality], inter Natanebi et Ozurgeti, 4 Sep 1920, *Grossheim* (TBI 1054320, TBI 1054321, TBI 1054405); ibid., Guria [Ozurgeti municipality], Anaseuli, tea plantation, 6 Nov 1934, *Makashvili* (TBI 1054322); [Guria, Ozurgeti] Transcaucasia, Georgia, pr[ope] Kutais, Ozurgety, 11 Sep 1926, *Makajev* (TBI 1054324, TBI 1054331); ibid., [Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Zugdidi municipality] Anaklia, wet place near water's edge, 18 Aug 1988, *Skhulukhia* (TBI 1054332, TBI 1054333); ibid., [Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Chkhorotsqu municipality, Mukhuri] Mingrelia, Zugdidi district, in viciniis pag. Muchuri, 12 Aug 1923, *Schischkin* (TGM 5769).

**+ Tu(A):** [Turkey: Artvin province, Kemalpaşa (former Makriali)] Russian Lazistan, swampy bank of River Makrial-Su near mouth, 25 Aug 1910, *Woronow & Po-

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 9. *Thladiantha dubia*, flowering branch. – Crimea, Simferopol, 28 Jul 2013, photograph by A. V. Yena.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 10. *Carex pachystachya* – A: habitat (in middle foreground with road behind), Italy, Dolomites, Cortina d’Ampezzo, Son Forca, 28 Aug 2021, photograph by C. Lasen; B: inflorescence, same locality, 10 Aug 2023, photograph by M. Da Pozzo; C: utricles, adaxial view (left) and abaxial view (right), ROV 80196, photograph by F. Prosser.</figcaption></figure>

pov 618 (TBI 1054415) [syntype of *Pycreus woronowii*;
in protologue: “in paludosis prope p. Makrial. 25. VIII.
no 618”]; ibid., [Artvin province, Kemalpaşa (former
Makriali)] Russian Lazistan, Mokrial, rice field, 25 Aug
1910, *Woronow & Popov 620b* (TBI 1054417) [presum-
ably syntype of *P. woronowii*]; ibid., [Artvin province,
between Sarpi and Kemalpaşa (former Makriali)] Rus-
sian Lazistan, between Sarp and Mokrial villages, small
spring near road, 25 Aug 1910, *Woronow & Popov 617*
(TBI 1054414) [presumably syntype of *P. woronowii*].
– *Cyperus colchicus* was originally described from the
Kolkheti lowland in W Georgia (“Imeretien, bei Choni”,
Koch 1848). A similar species, *Pycreus woronowii* Palla,
was described 64 years later by Palla (1912), also from
Transcaucasia, with syntypes from NE Lazistan, a region
now divided between Turkey and the Autonomous Re-
public of Adjara in Georgia. Schischkin (1935) included
Palla’s species in *P. colchicus* (K. Koch) Schischk. ex
Grossh., but Kükenthal (1935–1936) later reduced these
two species to varieties of *C. tremulus* Poir., viz. var. *col-
chicus* (K. Koch) Kük. and var. *woronowii* (Palla) Kük.,
respectively. These and some morphologically simi-
lar taxa are characterized by biconvex nutlets with one
edge facing the spikelet axis (therefore belonging to the
former segregate genus *Pycreus* P. Beauv.) and particu-
larly by glumes with a broad hyaline margin. They were
allocated by Kükenthal (1935–1936) to the small *C. sect.
Albomarginati* Kük. In more recent times, species from
this section have been treated differently by various au-
thors. However, two out of three species that were treated
by Kükenthal (1935–1936), *C. albomarginatus* (Mart. &
Schrad. ex Nees) Steud. and *C. tremulus*, are now usu-
ally accepted as a single, variable and widespread spe-

cies, *C. macrostachyos* Lam. (e.g. Hoenselaar & al. 2010; Mesterházy & al. 2022; POWO 2024i; but see Tucker & al. 2002). In contrast, *C. tremulus* var. *colchicus* is now commonly regarded as a distinct species, *C. colchicus*, which also includes *P. woronowii* and *C. stachyphorus* K. Koch, a species described from Trabzon in Turkey. According to Egorova (1991), records of *C. (P.) tremulus* for W Transcaucasia (Schischkin 1935) should also be attributed to *C. colchicus*. The species is considered an E Euxinian endemic, with a very limited distribution in W Georgia (from Abkhazia to Adjara) and the adjacent part of Turkey (Egorova 1991; POWO 2024h). However, only a few precisely localized records have been published (Palla 1912).

The current treatment of *Cyperus colchicus* in the Euro+Med PlantBase leads to confusion. This species and its heterotypic synonyms were included in the synonymy of the unrelated species *C. serotinus* Rottb. (Jiménez-Mejías & Luceño 2011+), apparently following Davis & Oteng-Yeboah (1985). *Cyperus serotinus* shares the biconvex nutlets with *C. colchicus*, but in *C. serotinus* the nutlets face the spikelet axis with one face, a characteristic of the former segregate genus *Juncellus* C. B. Clarke. However, after re-examining the type material, Egorova (1991) had already indicated that this synonymization was incorrect, but her findings unfortunately went unnoticed in Europe.

Despite being described from Georgia and men-
tioned in a recent national checklist (Davlianidze & al.
2018, as *Pycreus colchicus*), *Cyperus colchicus* remains
one of the most obscure species of the contemporary
flora. According to the Georgian Biodiversity Database
(Tarkhan-Mouravi & al. 2024), the presence of this spe-
<figure><img src="image_14.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 11. A: *Cyperus colchicus*, detail of spikelet showing barely winged rachilla and glumes with wide hyaline strip on edge; B: *C. iria*, spikelets; C: *C. microiria*, spikelets. – Scale bars: A = 1.5 mm; B, C = 1 mm. – A: Georgia, Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Batumi, Gonio, wasteland, 17 Sep 2023, *Vishnyakov* (IBIW 76530); B: ibid., 17 Sep 2023, *Vishnyakov* (IBIW 76355); C: ibid., 16 Sep 2023, *Vishnyakov* (IBIW 76359), photographs by V. S. Vishnyakov.</figcaption></figure>

cies in Georgia is uncertain and requires specialist confirmation. Another possible explanation is that the species has apparently not been observed and/or collected for a long time, which leads to the assumption that it may be extinct. The most recent Georgian record indeed is from 1917 (GBIF 2024c), with a note that the species was rather widespread on wet, sandy soils of the Kolkheti lowland (MW 0651859 [photo!]). The species has not been found in recent extensive studies of the Georgian wetlands, particularly in the Kolkheti lowland (Tedoradze & al. 2023). Additionally, there are currently no records of this species from Turkey (Şapci & Vural 2018), which may not only be due to erroneous identification with *C. serotinus* but also to the lack of new collections.

In the autumn of 2023, an unknown species of "*Pycreus*" was found on the Black Sea coast in Gonio (S of Batumi), in close proximity to the loci classici of *P. woronowii*. After an in-depth investigation, using relevant literature (particularly Schischkin 1935; Kükenthal 1935–1936; Egorova 1991) and reference material, these plants were attributed to *Cyperus colchicus*. This new occurrence stimulated a search for additional specimens in the herbaria BATU, TBI and TGM. We found specimens from over two dozen localities in Georgia (regions of Adjara, Guria and Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti) and Turkey (Artvin province). Most of them were collected in Georgia before 1927, with only six collected between 1934 and 1988. It was also discovered that TBI holds the type material of *P. woronowii*, represented by four syntypes from Woronow's expedition to Adjara and Lazistan in 1910, as well as several uncited specimens marked as "*Pycreus woronowii* n. sp." (presumably syntypes). Two of the latter establish new localities for Turkey. The lectotype is designated here, a specimen from Palla's Herbarium in GZU also seen by Kükenthal:

*Pycreus woronowii* Palla in Věstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 21: 22. 1912. – Lectotype (designated here): [Georgia: Autonomous Republic of Adjara] Lazistania Rosica, prov. Batumi, in paludosis prope p. Gonieh, loco Chuštule, 27 Aug 1910, *Woronow 620* (GZU 000012874 [photo!]; isolectotypes: ERE 0005501 [photo!], LE?, TBI 1054403!).

The importance of our record is twofold: (1) we confirm Egorova's view that *C. colchicus* is a distinct species, with no relation to *C. serotinus*; (2) we further confirm its actual presence in Georgia, where the species has been rediscovered after more than 30 years of apparent absence. It appears that the number of collections has steadily declined since the 1920s. This decline may be objectively related to habitat destruction due to extensive agricultural improvements in the Kolkheti lowland over the last century. Meanwhile, the decrease in collection frequency is noticeable not only for *Cyperus*, but also for other groups of wetland plants that are presented in Georgian herbaria, and it is clear that this is not always related to species extinction (observations by V. Vishnyakov). *Cyperus colchicus* was known to occur in disturbed, wet habitats, such as riverbanks, canals, gardens and plantations of various crops, though human activity could create suitable habitats for the species. In 2023, the species was collected from excavated soil in wasteland commonly flooded by rainwater. *Paspalum* spp. and *C. iria* L., a new alien species for the Caucasus (see the following contribution for *C. iria*), were found in the pioneer community with *C. colchicus*. Although the species was not abundant, all the plants were tall-growing, with massive stems and inflorescences, which suggests that the locality has favourable conditions. However, *C. colchicus* was not found in more than 20 other wetland localities studied in seaside Adjara (Batumi, Khelvachauri and Kobuleti) in
<figure><img src="image_15.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 12. *Euphorbia hypericifolia* – A: flowering plant; B: part of stem with inflorescence. – Crimea, Yalta, 8 Aug 2024, photographs by L. E. Ryff.</figcaption></figure>

August and September 2023, which indicates its rarity. As a rare species within its limited range, an IUCN Red List assessment therefore seems appropriate.

V. S. Vishnyakov & F. Verloove

*Cyperus iria* L. – Fig. 11B.

**N Gg:** Georgia: Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Batumi, Gonio, Apsaros 1st dead end, 41.57866°N, 41.57246°E, wasteland in private garden, on excavated wet red-earth soil, 17 Sep 2023, *Vishnyakov* (BR, IBIW 76355, LE; photo: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/183833695); ibid., 41.57867°N, 41.57102°E, edges of unpaved road to seacoast, wet depression, in puddles, 17 Sep 2023, *Vishnyakov* (BR, IBIW 76354, LE; photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/183832749); ibid., Adjara, Kobuleti municipality, Kobuleti, wasteland near cemetery, 41.87708°N, 41.78332°E, disturbed wet habitat, 19 Sep 2023, *Vishnyakov* (IBIW 76362). – This is an annual weed from the Old World tropics and subtropics; it is introduced and widely naturalized in the New World (Tucker & al. 2002). In the Euro+Med area, it was reported so far only as naturalized from Italy (Jiménez-Mejías & Luceño 2011+). However, claims from Italy are erroneous and referable to *C. microiria* Steud. (Fig. 11C), another noxious Asian weed, as already pointed out by Raynal (1977; see also Verloove 2014; Verloove & al. 2014; Galasso & al. 2018). These two species, and to a lesser extent *C. amuricus* Maxim., are often confused. In *C. microiria*, the glumes are more widely spaced (successive glumes 1.1–1.5 mm apart vs 0.7–0.9 mm in *C. iria*) and bear a more prominent mucro (0.2–0.25 mm long vs 0.05–0.12 mm in *C. iria*) (Raynal 1977; Tucker & al. 2002; Fig. 11C). In the autumn of 2023, *C. iria* was found on the Black Sea coast in Gonio S of Batumi, W Georgia (Autonomous Republic of Adjara). The species appears to be naturalized under wet, subtropical conditions and was collected from three localities in two municipalities (Batumi and Kobuleti). It is locally abundant in disturbed habitats and apparently well-established. In the very same area and in

identical habitats, *C. microiria* is also found. The latter species was also not known from Georgia, but after herbarium studies it turned out to have occurred there since the 1980s (Vishnyakov 2024). Both species are probably often confused in this region and their populations should therefore be studied carefully. To our knowledge, *C. iria* was reliably recorded in the Euro+Med area so far only from Spain, where it was inadvertently introduced with coconut fibre from tropical Asia (Verloove & al. 2014). However, this record referred to an ephemeral occurrence in a nursery (E. Laguna Lumbreras, pers. comm. Feb 2024). The records presented here apparently relate to the first naturalized populations of *C. iria* in the Euro+Med area. This species is among the most important cyperaceous weeds in terms of its adverse effect on agriculture. It is ranked the 33rd world's worst weed and is a major agricultural pest, particularly of rice (Holm & al. 1977).

F. Verloove & V. S. Vishnyakov

*Euphorbiaceae*

*Euphorbia hypericifolia* L. (≡ *Chamaesyce hypericifolia* (L.) Millsp.) – Fig. 12.

**A Cm:** Crimea: Yalta, Sovetskaya Square, 44°29'55"N, 34°10'09"E, 10 m, weed in flowerbed, 2 Sep 2023, *Ryff* (YALT); ibid., 8 Aug 2024, *Ryff* (YALT; photos [Fig. 12]). – *Euphorbia hypericifolia* is native to tropical and subtropical regions of South and North America and known as an alien and often invasive plant from Africa, S and E Asia and the Pacific Islands (Randall 2017; POWO 2024m). In the Euro+Med area it is recorded with increasing frequency from Spain, Italy, Greece and the Levant (Sciandrello & al. 2016; GBIF 2024e). However, its definite introduction pattern is difficult to establish because the species is often confused with related taxa such as *E. hyssopifolia* L., *E. indica* Lam. and *E. nutans* Lag. In Crimea, *E. hypericifolia* first appeared in the summer of 2023 in the centre of Yalta, in the flowerbeds created during the reconstruction of Sovetskaya
Square. The population is small: in 2023 and 2024 it included just some 10 individuals. Obviously, this species was introduced with imported planting material of ornamental plants, like another new record for the peninsula, *Cardamine occulta* Hornem., which is also found here. This is the first record of *E. hypericifolia* for E Europe. From the closely related *E. nutans*, which was found in Crimea three years ago (Kashirina & al. 2023), *E. hypericifolia* differs by a complete absence of pubescence (including on the leaves), conspicuous, deltate stipules and smaller fruits and seeds (Sciandrello & al. 2016). In Yalta, *E. hypericifolia* grows together with another *Euphorbia* species recorded in recent years, *E. prostrata* Aiton (Ryff 2019). Unlike the latter species, which is already naturalized and actively spreading in Crimea, *E. hypericifolia* can be considered here only a casual alien so far. The addition of several new taxa of *E. subg. Chamaesyce* Raf. to the Crimean flora (Yena 2006; Ryff 2019; Kashirina & al. 2023) in recent years indicates active expansion of this group to the peninsula.

L. E. Ryff

### Gramineae (Poaceae)

**Bromus sclerophyllus** subsp. **cappadocicus** (Boiss. & Balansa) Raus, **comb. nov.** = **Bromus cappadocicus** Boiss. & Balansa in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 306. 1857 = **Zerna cappadocica** (Boiss. & Balansa) Nevski in Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 17. 1934 = **Zerna tomentella** subsp. **cappadocica** (Boiss. & Balansa) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 56. 1971 = **Bromopsis cappadocica** (Boiss. & Balansa) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 167. 1973 = **Bromopsis tomentella** subsp. **cappadocica** (Boiss. & Balansa) Tzvelev in Zlaki SSSR: 217. 1976.

**Bromus sclerophyllus** subsp. **lacmonicus** (Hausskn.) Raus, **comb. nov.** = **Bromus lacmonicus** Hausskn. in Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 13–14: 53. 1899 = **Zerna lacmonica** (Hausskn.) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 168. 1973 = **Bromopsis lacmonica** (Hausskn.) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 440. 1970 = **Bromus cappadocicus** subsp. **lacmonicus** (Hausskn.) P. M. Sm. in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 360. 1978 = **Bromopsis cappadocica** subsp. **lacmonica** (Hausskn.) H. Scholz & Valdés in Willdenowia 36: 660. 2006.

**Bromus sclerophyllus** Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 13: 65. 1854 subsp. **sclerophyllus** = **Zerna sclerophylla** (Boiss.) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 440. 1970 = **Bromopsis sclerophylla** (Boiss.) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 169. 1973 = **Bromus cappadocicus** subsp. **sclerophyllus** (Boiss.) P. M. Sm. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 496. 1985 = **Bromopsis cappadocica** subsp. **sclerophylla** (Boiss.) H. Scholz & Valdés in Willdenowia 36: 660. 2006.

If *Bromus cappadocicus* Boiss. & Balansa 1857 is considered a heterotypic synonym of *Bromus sclerophyllus* Boiss. 1854, as advocated by POWO (2024c), the latter

has priority over the former. Accepted allopatric, though regionally overlapping, subspecies need to be combined accordingly. *Bromus sclerophyllus* subsp. *cappadocicus* ranges from the Balkan Peninsula through Anatolia to Caucasus and Iran, subsp. *lacmonicus* occurs in SC and SE Europe (Hungary to Greece, see Dimopoulos & al. 2013: 123) and subsp. *sclerophyllus* is endemic to W and C Anatolia (Smith 1985; Valdés & Scholz 2009).

Th. Raus

### Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. in Roem. & Schult.

**A Au(A):** Austria: Burgenland, Lockenhaus, c. 1 km ENE of Hochstraß, 47°25'50"N, 16°25'10.4"E, 410 m, edge of widened and newly gravelled forest road, numerous, 5 Jun 2022, *Raabe obs.*; ibid., 7 Jun 2022, *Raabe, Gilli & Reischütz* (MSTR, WU); ibid., 13 Jun 2022, *Raabe & Király obs.*; ibid., 4 Jun 2023, *Raabe obs.*; ibid., Lockenhaus, c. 2 km E Hochstraß, 47°25'36.2"N, 16°25'51.8"E, 425 m, forest road embankment and grassy forest aisle, numerous, 7 Jun 2022, *Raabe, Gilli & Reischütz obs.*; ibid., NW of place called Rotes Kreuz, above Bindergraben, forest roadsides, numerous, 13 Jun 2022, *Raabe* (B 10 1201961, MSTR). – This is the first evidence of an adventitious occurrence of this species in Austria. The plants at Hochstraß were initially referred to as *Danthonia alpina* Vest, but there were discrepancies in some morphological characters. For example, unlike *D. alpina*, the lower leaf sheaths are clearly hairy and last year's dead basal leaves are bent back or twisted. *Danthonia spicata* (poverty oatgrass) is native and widespread from subarctic North America to C and E Mexico (Darbyshire 2003; Barkworth & al. 2007). Most sources cite *D. spicata* as a common, secondary successor and valuable erosion controller of fire-disturbed areas and clearcuts in its native area (Darbyshire & Cayouette 1989; Covington 2000); seeds of *D. spicata* are commercially available in North America. Beyond its native range, the species is reported as locally naturalized in Japan (Ibaragi 2020) and the Azores (Schäfer 2021). In continental Europe, *D. spicata* has so far been found only in the vicinity of Lauchhammer, S Brandenburg, Germany (first in 2014, see Landeck 2021, incl. identification key); according to Landeck (2021), the occurrences in Brandenburg are probably due to seeding of non-certified grass provenances and are meanwhile estimated to be on the verge of naturalization (Hand & al. 2024). The same may apply to the Austrian populations. U. Raabe & Ch. Gilli

### Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. *parviflora* (Thuill.) Dümort. (= *D. parviflora* (Thuill.) P. Beauv.)

**+ BH:** Bosnia and Herzegovina: Protected Landscape Konjuh, place called Muska Voda, WGS84: 33T 307086 E 4902878 N, 740 m, moist meadows, 4 Jul 2017, *Conti, Gangale & Uzunov* (APP 69875); ibid., place called Malo Konjuh, 301327 E 4908878 N, 1205 m, moist habitats, 4 Jul 2017, *Conti, Gangale & Uzunov*
(APP 69861). – This species was not previously recorded from Bosnia and Herzegovina (see Valdés & Scholz 2009; POWO 2024j).

F. Conti, C. Gangale & D. Uzunov

**Paspalum dilatatum** Poir. (≡ *Digitaria dilatata* (Poir.) H. J. Coste ≡ *P. moluccanum* Huber, nom. illeg. superfl.) – Fig. 13.

**A Cm:** Crimea: Alupka, Alupkinsky Park, contrast meadow, 44°25'24"N, 34°03'34"E, 60 m, lawn near path, 4 Nov 2023, *Kashirina* (photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/196001320); ibid., 15 Jan 2024, *Yevseyenkov* (YALT; photos: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/796237.html, https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/796239.html); ibid., 13 Jul 2024, *Yevseyenkov* (photos); ibid., Nikita, Nikitsky Botanical Garden, year-round flowering garden, 44°30'35"N, 34°14'04"E, 115 m, weed in flowerbed, 4 Jul 2024, *Yevseyenkov* (photo [Fig. 13]). – *Paspalum dilatatum* is native to South America and widespread as an alien in many subtropical and tropical regions of the world, where it often naturalizes (Randall 2017; POWO 2024r; Valdés & Scholz 2009+). The localities of this species closest to Crimea are on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. It is probably from there that it was accidentally introduced in recent years with ornamental plants or in

lawn seed mixtures. Several dozen individuals of *P. dilatatum* have been found in two large parks in Alupka and Nikita. For now, this species is considered a casual alien. In Crimea, another alien species of this genus has been known to occur since 1950, *P. distichum* L., which is still rare there. *Paspalum dilatatum* differs from the latter particularly in its larger size, greater number and length of racemes, and the shape and pubescence of the upper glume (Clayton 1980).

E. Kashirina & P. E. Yevseyenkov

**Phragmites frutescens** H. Scholz

**+ Al:** Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, hamlet of Pulaj, 41°52'30"N, 19°22'36"E, 1 m, wet meadow in opening of riverine forest 10 m from E bank of river Buna, 22 Oct 2024, *Raus 35171* (B); ibid., NW of abandoned police station, 41°52'27"N, 19°22'37"E, 1 m, slightly ruderalized winter-wet depression c. 100 m from E bank of river Buna, 22 Oct 2024, *Raus 35172* (B). – These are the first records for Albania of this somewhat spinescent reed species, which is often misunderstood as a terrestrial form of the common reed *Phragmites australis* (Cav.) Steud. (Danin & al. 2001). There are good diagnostic characters to differentiate the two species (for details, see Scholz & Böhling 2000). *Phragmites australis* is a geophyte or hemicryptophyte that produces new unbranched, herbaceous culms around the end of March that completely die back in winter; the internodes of old culms are hidden by the leaf sheaths of the previous year, because the lamina is shed from an abscission line along the ligule, leaving the sheath at its node. *Phragmites frutescens* is a basally slightly woody, rhizomatous chamaephyte or phanerophyte, with new, always branched culms sprouting from the underground rhizome in June-July and dying back only distally in winter; the lower, leafless internodes are unsheathed, because the abscission line of old leaves is at the sheath base so that the lamina and sheath are shed together. The remaining “naked” internodes are mostly strikingly red-dish in colour, which is usually visible from afar. The two species also differ in habitat preference: *P. australis* grows in or near water and prefers constant inundation (water depth of 50–100 cm; *Phragmitetum australis* sensu Fanelli & al. 2015), whereas *P. frutescens* prefers muddy terrestrial habitats (*Schoeno-Erianthetum ravennae* sensu Fanelli & al. 2015). *Phragmites frutescens* should be searched for in the vast estuaries of the rivers Drin, Mat, Shkumbin and Vjosa farther S in Albania; the nearest populations are known from the Kalamas delta near Igoumenitsa, just S of the Greek-Albanian border (Strid 2024: 1133). Th. Raus

**Setaria parviflora** (Poir.) Kerguélen (= *S. geniculata* P. Beauv.)

**N Al:** Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Franciscan monastery, 41°52'22"N, 19°23'53"E, 2 m, eggplant (*Solanum melongena* L.) plantation in ir-

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 13. *Paspalum dilatatum*, upper parts of plants. – Crimea, Nikitsky Botanical Garden, 4 Jul 2024, photograph by P. E. Yevseyenkov.</figcaption></figure>
rigated convent garden, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus 35191* (B); ibid., main street toward Velipojë beach 41°52'13"N, 19°24'14"E, 2 m, grassy road embankment, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus obs.* – These are the first records from Albania of this perennial, weedy grass species. Its native range comprises North and South America from the Canada-United States border S to Tierra del Fuego (POWO 2024w). In the coastal plain S of Shkodër it is not uncommon and is to be considered as established in agricultural areas and by roadsides; the species is naturalized also in France (Tison & de Foucault 2014), Italy (Galasso & al. 2024) and Croatia (Milović & al. 2010).

**A Gr:** Greece: Nomos of Fokida, Eparchia of Dorida, E bank of River Mornos just E of Kato Dafni, 38°25'N, 31°53'E, 5-10 m, one clone growing together with *Echi-nochloa colonum* (L.) Link, from bird seeds?, 25 Sep 1996, *Nielsen 11961* (B sub *Setaria geniculata*, conf. Th. Raus). – This is the first and up to now sole Greek record of this xenophyte of American origin, considered a casual alien in Greece.
Th. Raus

*Grossulariaceae*

**Ribes nigrum** L. – Fig. 14.

**N It:** Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige, Province of Bolzano, Municipality of Lasa, Oris, 46.625498°N, 10.656697°E, 876 m, shrubby vegetation in humid forest of *Alnus glutinosa* (L.) Gaertn., 17 & 23 May 2024, *Mei & Wellstein* (herb. Mei; photo [Fig. 14]). – During recent investigations on the flora and vegetation of the Oris alder forest in Alto Adige (46°40'N, 11°30'E, 700 m), a fully naturalized population of *Ribes nigrum* was found. This population

extends over a discontinuous area of c. 100 m² and includes individuals in various stages of development, from young seedlings to mature and fruiting plants, demonstrating the ability of the species to reproduce and maintain stable populations without human intervention. *Ribes nigrum* is a Eurosiberian geoelement native to temperate and boreal regions from France to the Russian Far East; it is absent from the native flora of the Mediterranean countries of S Europe (POWO 2024t). Its southernmost autochthonous occurrences in Europe are so far reported from Bulgaria (Assyov & al. 2012). The species primarily grows in riparian forests, swamps and along stream banks, preferring moist, fertile soils, thriving

in shady environments (Pignatti 2017; Weber 2017). The species has long been cultivated in temperate Europe, including Italy, for its fruits, which are extraordinary rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, used in the production of dietary supplements, juices and culinary drinks. There is a great deal of confusion in basic floras and checklists with regard to the status of *R. nigrum* in Italy. *Flora europaea* (Webb 1993), Conti & al. (2005) and Euro+Med PlantBase (Marhold 2011c+) designated the species as native to the area. This was queried by Pignatti (1982), who called *R. nigrum* "probably only naturalized" in Italy, followed by Jalas & al. (1999) in *Atlas florae europaeae*, where *R. nigrum* was mapped as "not native in It". As a consequence, Bartolucci & al. (2018) did not include *R. nigrum* in the list of species native to Italy, and Galasso & al. (2024: Suppl. Appendix S1, 1426) registered it as a casual alien in the regions of Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Occurrences in Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta, mentioned and mapped by Pignatti (1982) and Jalas & al. (1999), were disregarded as erroneous by Conti & al. (2005).

According to our findings in Trento-Alto Adige (South Tyrol), the status "naturalized" (i.e. locally fully established) has to be ascribed to *R. nigrum* in Italy on a national scale. The naturalization of *R. nigrum* in the Oris alder forest and possibly elsewhere along the Alpine arc in cool, shady places (Pignatti 2017) could gain importance for nature conservation in the future (Pyšek & al. 2012, 2020; Richardson & Rejmánek 2011). The species reproduces both sexually through seeds and vegetatively through stolons. Seed dispersal is facilitated by birds and mammals that feed on the fruits (CABI 2019). Dense

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 14. *Ribes nigrum*, plants with mature fruits growing in *Alnus glutinosa* forest. – Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Province of Bolzano, Municipality of Lasa, Oris, 23 May 2024, photograph by G. Mei.</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_18.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 15. *Moluccella laevis* – A: habit and habitat; B: apical part of flowering stem with calyces and two corollas. – Algeria, Skikda, Emdjez Edchich, 26 Jun 2024, photographs by A. Saci.</figcaption></figure>

colonies of invasive *R. nigrum* compete with native veg-
etation for light, water and nutrient resources (Huxley
2001). Therefore, further studies are recommended to
monitor the expansion of the species and assess its poten-
tial impacts on native flora and vegetation (Brundu 2013;
Brundu & al. 2020a, 2020b). G. Mei & C. Wellstein

only other Euro-Mediterranean species in the genus, by
the calyx limb, which is thin and membranous, pale green
and not spiny (vs rigid, dark green and spiny in *M. spinosa*,
see Mill 1982).
R. El Mokni & A. Saci

Labiatae (Lamiaceae)

*Moluccella laevis* L. – Fig. 15.

N Ag: Algeria: Municipality of Skikda, village of Emdjez Edchich, 36°42'15"N, 06°48'20"E, 100 m, several hundreds of individuals as weeds among onion crops, 26 Jun 2024, *Saci* (photos [Fig. 15], det. El Mokni). – *Moluccella laevis* is an annual plant native to SW Asia (Anatolia to Afghanistan, Mill 1982; Rechinger 1982). The taxon was reported as naturalized in Spain (Dana & al. 2015), Cyprus (Hand 2019a), and the Americas (POWO 2024q). In Africa, *M. laevis* was known only from Morocco, Kenya and more recently reported as naturalized in Tunisia (El Mokni & Domina 2020; POWO 2024q). We here report its occurrence as a naturalized alien (sensu Pyšek & al. 2004) for the first time from Algeria, in this way closing the evidence gap between Morocco and Tunisia. In the cited locality, *M. laevis* has by now been continuously observed for almost four years, growing among onion crops in a large and dense population occupying c. 2 ha of vegetable fields. The plant is easily distinguished from *M. spinosa* L., the

Leguminosae (Fabaceae)

*Vicia sparsiflora* Ten. – Fig. 16.

+ Gr: Greece: Regional unit of Kilkis, Municipality of Paeonias, central-eastern slopes of Mt Paiko near village of Karpi, 40°59'32.76"N, 22°24'33.52"E, 530 m, 7 May 2023, *Doulkeridou & Ioannidis* (TAU, UPA, conf. A. Strid). – *Vicia sparsiflora* is new to the flora of Greece. The species was described from S Italy and has subsequently been reported from scattered Italian localities (Conti & al. 2005: 183) as well as SE Europe from Slovakia and Hungary and W Ukraine to S Serbia, North Macedonia and E Bulgaria (Euro+Med 2006+). It has been classified as endangered or vulnerable in Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. It resembles the Greek endemic *V. pinetorum* Boiss. & Spruner, which occurs in Greece in Attiki, Evia, Andros and Naxos, but differs in the short calyx teeth and glabrous legumes. Another yellow-flowered species, *V. ochroleuca* Ten., occurs in Italy and the W Balkan Peninsula southward to NW Greece. It has 20–30-flowered racemes, smaller flowers and is glabrous throughout.

V. Ioannidis, D. Doulkeridou,
A. Gerakis, E. Koutis & M. Kozoni
*Martyniaceae*

**Ibicella lutea** (Lindl.) Van Eselt.

**A Cm:** Crimea: Yalta Raion, Vidradne (Otradnoe) settlement, 44.50867°N, 34.22929°E, 98 m, along edge of path near greenhouse complex, seeds likely introduced accidentally with plant remains, 10 Sep 1997, *Levon* (photo: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/50380108); ibid., 44.506658°N, 34.229461°E, 55 m, 150 m from previously cited place, on slope among thermophilous sub-mediterranean scrub, several plants observed over several seasons from 1998 to 2000, *Levon obs*.

**A Uk:** Ukraine: Khmelnytskyi Oblast, outskirts of Slavuta city, 50°18'N, 26°52'E, 215 m, one casual plant in a garbage dump, 15 Jun 2019, *Musin obs*. – These are the first records of this species of South American origin from Crimea and Ukraine. It was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant with collectible fruits (strange, curved-horned capsules), more often accidentally introduced with wool (epizoochory, Thelung 1912; Rebbas 2020). As an alien plant, it is known in areas with a warm-temperate climate in North America, Europe, W and S Asia, N and S Africa and Australia (Rebbas 2020, POWO 2024o). In Europe, it has been reported as occasional in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Hungary and Greece (Thellung 1912; Verloove 2006; Lambinon & Verloove 2012; Dimopoulos & al. 2013; Tison & al. 2014; Raab-Straube 2018b+; Rebbas 2020). There is no reliable information on the cultivation of *Ibicella lutea* in Ukraine, but the kind of habitats where it has been found indicates that the plants were likely discarded from a garden, with the status of a short-lived casual escape.
O. Shynder & A. Levon

*Orobanchaceae*

**Orobanche inulae** Novopokr. & Abram.

+ Ar: Armenia: Gekharkunik province, Sevan district, area NE of Lake Sevan, road between Tzovagyugh and Shordzha, c. 12 km ESE of Tzovagyugh, 40°36'N, 43°03'E, 1920 m, small gorge in Sevan range with forest remains of *Quercus macranthera* Hohen. and steppe, 15 Jun 2002, *Fayvush & al.*, 11th OPTIMA Iter Mediterraneum, record 0683 (B 10 0483152, det. Pujadas [COA] 2005 as *Orobanche lutea* Baumg., rev. Uhlich 2014 as *O. cf. inulae*, rev. Uhlich & Rätzel 9 Feb 2022). – Not previously reported for Armenia in the relevant literature (Uhlich & al. 1995; Tzvelev 201; Piwowarczyk & al. 2019), *O. inulae* was hitherto documented in the Caucasian region only for Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Turkey (Rätzel & Uhlich 2004; Otte 2007: 224, 247; Tzvelev 2015; Rätzel & Uhlich 2017; Piwowarczyk & al. 2023).
S. Rätzel & H. Uhlich

**Phelipanche dalmatica** (Beck) Soják (≡ *Orobanche oxyloba* var. *dalmatica* Beck ≡ *O. dalmatica* (Beck) Tzvelev). – Fig. 17.

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 16. *Vicia sparsiflora* – A: leaf and inflorescence; B: fruit. – Greece, Central Macedonia, Kilkis Regional Unit, Mt Paiko, Karpi, 21 Apr 2012, photographs by V. Ioannidis.</figcaption></figure>

+ Al: Albania: Ostravica, 40.573333°N, 20.478889°E, associated with *Euphorbia myrsinites* L. (possibly host), 11 Jun 2014, *Pils* (photos [Fig. 17A, B], det. Uhlich & Rätzel). – There are no previous records from Albania. *Phelipanche dalmatica* is an E Mediterranean species (for total range, see Rätzel & al. 2017: 669), differing from the similar *P. gussoneana* (Lojac.) Domina & al. (Rätzel & al. 2017: 674) in its more compact, usually unbranched habit, the dense inflorescences, which at anthesis are usually rounded at the top, and the usually shorter calyx lobes (occasionally twice as long as the calyx tube). The corolla is narrower, clearly curved and rectangular, protruding from the stem, whitish or pale sky-blue, usually not significantly darker veined. The angle between the inflorescence axis and the longitudinal median of the corolla measures (45–)60–65(–78)° (vs (18–)33–34(–64)° in *P. gussoneana*). The lobes of the lower corolla lip are very pointed and often strongly recurved. The anthers are almost glabrous (vs mostly sparsely to richly hairy in *P. gussonea*), as is the style (vs densely glandular, sparsely so in the middle part, in *P. gussoneana*).

+ Mk: North Macedonia: close to Lake Debar near border with Albania, 41.494890°N, 20.505637°E, steep S-facing slope with calcareous bedrock, apparently para-
<figure><img src="image_20.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 17. *Phelipanche dalmatica*, flowering plants (A, C) and detail of inflorescence showing flowers (B). – A, B: S Albania, Ostravica, 11 Jun 2014, photograph by G. Pils; C: North Macedonia, near Lake Debar, 17 May 2023, photograph by A. Mátis.</figcaption></figure>

sitizing *Euphorbia rigida* M. Bieb., 17 May 2023, *Mátis* (photo [Fig. 17C], det. Mátis). – There are no previous records from North Macedonia. The plant was found growing in thermophilic, dry and rocky grassland of *Festuco-Brometea* Br.-Bl. & Tx. ex Soó 1947 (for taxonomy see Matevski & al. 2015: 1197 ff.), dominated by *Centaurea graeca* Griseb.

A. Mátis, G. Pils, H. Uhlich & S. Rätzel

*Phelipanche hedypnoidis* Rätzel & al. (≡ *Orobanche hedypnoidis* (Rätzel & al.) Hand).

+ Eg: Egypt: Governorate of Matruh, “Ägypten, westliche Küstenzone, Ras El Hikma [Hekma], 6 Mar 1960”, Walter & Walter 153 (B ex herb. H. & E. Walter, sub *Orobanche ramosa* L., conf. Abu-Sbaih Apr 1995, rev. Rätzel 15 Aug 2024). – *Phelipanche hedypnoidis* is new for Egypt (African part), where the locality is situated at approximately 31°13′N, 27°51′E. Recently described from Rodos, Greece (Rätzel & al. 2017: 651 ff.), this is a widely distributed, overlooked species of Mediterranean coastal areas (rarely up to 800 m). It is known from Spain (islands), Morocco, Tunisia, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Sinai (Rätzel & al. 2017; Hand 2019b; Uhlich & Rätzel 2019; Rätzel & Ristow 2020).

S. Rätzel, M. Ristow & H. Uhlich

*Passifloraceae*

*Passiflora caerulea* L.

A Cm: Crimea: Yalta urban district, Gurzuf, Skal'naya Str., 44°32'38"N, 34°16'53"E, 50 m, ditch below stone fence, in gaps between sandstone slabs, 5 Oct 2024, *Yena & Efetov* (CSAU). – *Passiflora caerulea*, a semi-evergreen perennial climber native to South America (POWO 2024s), has been widely grown as an ornamental plant and become naturalized in regions with a suitable climate since Linnaean times. In Crimea, this plant is rarely cultivated

in parks of the W part of the S coast (Crimean submediterranean). Sometimes the species is grown by citizens in their private gardens within the urban district of Yalta. Near such a garden in Gurzuf, we discovered 15 seedlings of *P. caerulea* growing right below a stone fence covered with the parent plant in full flower, c. 5 m from a clone of *Parthenocissus tricuspidata* (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. The seedlings had green cotyledons and a few juvenile leaves. They were found only between the slabs made of sandstone but not on adjacent places of bare soil carrying several ornamental and ruderal annuals. The biggest seeding with partly dissected leaves and tendrils to 25 cm in length grew between the steps of a stone staircase (chasmophytic in a way). In Nikitskiy botanical garden (as in other places of its cultivation in Yalta), *P. caerulea* flowers and bears fruit every year (Tolkachjova & al. 2017), but there has been no evidence of its escape from cultivation by sprouting seeds or vegetatively so far, although Baggrikova (2014) uncritically qualified *P. caerulea* as “alien established, but not invasive”. Up to now, the species has not been given for Crimea in principal world flora databases (Jury 2009+; GBIF 2023b; POWO 2024s).

A. V. Yena & K. A. Efetov

*Pedaliaceae*

*Sesamum indicum* L.

A Au(A): Austria: Burgenland, district of Jennersdorf, Rudersdorf, Lahnbach floodplain in village, 16°07'15.83"E, 47°02'51.96"N, 242 m, large population but apparently only 1 plant flowering, 31 Aug 2024, *Raabe* (MSTR, det. N. Griebl). – This is the first evidence of an adventitious occurrence of this species in Austria. In the cited locality, it was accompanied by a plant of *Citrullus lanatus* (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, which is known from Austria as a scattered casual (Fischer & al. 2008: 464). The nearest records of *Sesamum indicum* as
a casual alien are from Croatia (Nikolić 2020) and N Italy (FloraFaunaSüdtirol 2014+; Galasso & al. 2024). In Central Europe, *S. indicum* had been reported subspontaneously in 1925 for the port of Hamburg-Harburg (Meyer 1955). This find is not included in the German checklist (Hand & al. 2024). *Sesamum indicum*, as an economically important oilseed crop (sesame), is derived from *S. malabaricum* Burm. (≡ *S. indicum* subsp. *malabaricum* (Burm.) Bedigian), native to India (Bedigian 2015). Sesame was domesticated in S India in the 3rd millennium BCE (McCorriston 2006). From here it reached Arabia and Mesopotamia by human trade in the Bronze Age (Bedigian & Harlan 1986). At present, the species is largely cultivated for its edible seeds and occurs naturalized, or as casual escape from cultivation, in tropical and subtropical regions around the world (POWO 2024v).

U. Raabe & N. Griebl

*Plantaginaceae*

*Veronica biloba* L. – Fig. 18.

**A Uk:** Ukraine: Dnipro city, Armstrong Str. (former Kazakova), park near secondary school, 48.428098°N, 35.041766°E, 149 m, large colony under trees, 24 Apr 2017, *Baranovski* (DSU); ibid., junction of Pikhoty Kolya Str. and Heroiv Ryatuvalnykov Str. (former Volodi Dubinina), 48.425934°N, 35.040429°E, 144 m, small colony near apartment building, 22 Apr 2018, *Baranovski* (DSU); ibid., campus of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, 48.432797°N, 35.037590°E, 140 m, sporadically along road, 24 Apr 2018, *Baranovski* (DSU); ibid., near Dnipro airport, 48.368964°N, 35.090740°E, 146 m, lawn, 30 Apr 2020, *Baranovski* (DSU); ibid., Memory and Reconciliation Square, 48.473129°N, 35.005570°E, 76 m, ruderal habitat (former lawn), 13 Apr 2024, *Karmyzova* (DSU). – This is a new record for Ukraine. *Veronica biloba* is an annual species native to Caucasus, SE European Russia and C and SW Asia (POWO 2024x). It has leaves almost entire or finely serrulate, fruiting pedicels horizontally spreading or scarcely arcuate-deflexed, capsules sharply and deeply notched, and seeds bright yellowish, 1.2–1.5 mm long and indistinctly transversely wrinkled. In its primary habitats, *V. biloba* prefers rocky, fine-soil slopes at moderate to high altitudes and clay deserts (Elenevsky 1978). A closely related species, *V. campylopoda* Boiss., differs by its strongly arcuate-curved peduncles at maturity and smaller (up to 1 mm long), prominently transversely wrinkled seeds (Elenevsky 1978). Another species, *V. arguteserrata* Regel & Schmalh., which was previously introduced to Ukraine (Moysiyenko & al. 2024), differs from *V. biloba* by its runcinate leaves. The style length is another key distinguishing feature: 0.48 ± 0.04 mm in *V. biloba* vs 0.98 ± 0.06 mm and 1.49 ± 0.09 mm in *V. arguteserrata* and *V. campylopoda*, respectively. In Dnipro, where it was first recorded in 2017, *V. biloba* has likely been introduced accidentally,

possibly with ornamental plants. The species, however, is not listed in the Catalogue of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Opanasenko & al. 2015). Currently, *V. biloba* is known from several localities across the city, exhibiting stenotopic tendencies in that it thrives particularly in abandoned lawns characterized by insufficient moisture and moderately anthropogenically transformed chernozem soils. The species forms dense, monospecific stands of up to 4000 individuals per m², reaching 20 cm tall. Its expansion within Dnipro is ongoing.

B. Baranovski & L. Karmyzova

*Portulacaceae*

*Portulaca oleracea* aggr.

As recently stated by Peregrym & Dragićević (2024: table 1), there is no previously published evidence from Albania of any of the hitherto accepted microspecies in this complex; only the uncritical designation "*Portulaca oleracea* L. subsp. *oleracea*" exists in Albanian basic floras and checklists (Paparisto & al. 1988; Barina & al. 2018: 265). The following taxa are therefore the first records for the area, based on microscopic investigation of the surface of ripe seeds and using the determination keys by Danin & Raus (2012) and Peregrym & Dragićević (2024). Th. Raus

*Portulaca granulatostellulata* (Poelln.) Ricceri & Arrigoni

**+ Al:** Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Franciscan monastery, 41°52'24"N, 19°23'52"E, 2 m, western convent yard, weed in flowerbed with *Tagetes erecta* L. cultivars, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus 35196* (B). – The occurrence in Albania is not unexpected. The nearest populations are reported from the vicinity of Ulcinj just c. 15 km away across the Albanian-Montenegrin border (Peregrym & Dragićević (2024: fig. 15). Testa cells of the seed surface are irregularly star-shaped with protuberances at the tips of the obtuse rays; for diagnostic iconography see Danin & Raus (2012: fig. 15) and Bulakh & al. (2020: fig. 2). Th. Raus

*Portulaca nitida* (Danin & H. G. Baker) Ricceri & Arrigoni

**+ Al:** Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, 41°51'42"N, 19°25'41"E, 1 m, ruderal places at the Velipojë seafront, 22 Oct 2024, *Raus 35173* (B). – The occurrence in Albania is not unexpected. The nearest populations are reported from the vicinity of Ulcinj just c. 15 km away across the Albanian-Montenegrin border (Peregrym & Dragićević (2024: fig. 9). The seed surface of the cited collection is made up of ± isodiametric, star-shaped cells with ± acute, tightly interdigitating rays, without any ornamentation by papillae or tubercles; for diagnostic iconography see Danin & Raus (2012: fig. 2b) and Bulakh & al. (2020: fig. 3). Th. Raus
<figure><img src="image_21.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 18. *Veronica biloba* – A: habit and synanthropic habitat; B: flowering plants. – Ukraine, Dnipro city, Armstrong Str. (A), Memory and Reconciliation Square (B), 24 Apr 2017, photographs by B. Baranovski (A) & L. Karmyzova (B).</figcaption></figure>

### Portulaca rausii Danin

+ Al: Albania: Prefecture of Shkodër, Municipality of Velipojë, Franciscan monastery, 41°52'22"N, 19°23'53"E, 2 m, eggplant (*Solanum melongena* L.) plantation in irrigated convent garden, 26 Oct 2024, *Raus 35194* (B). – The occurrence in Albania is not unexpected. The nearest populations are reported from the vicinity of Ulcinj just c. 15 km away across the Albanian-Montenegrin border (Peregrym & Dragićević (2024: fig. 10). The seed surface is entirely covered with small papillae of almost equal size; for diagnostic iconography see Danin & Raus (2012: fig. 9), Danin & al. (2016: fig. 1F, 2F) and Bulakh & al. (2024: fig. S3A, B). Th. Raus

### Potamogetonaceae

### Potamogeton sarmaticus Mäemets

+ Cm: Crimea: Sevastopol, Urkusta storage reservoir close to Peredovoye settlement, 44°30'17"N, 33°48'52"E, 14 May 2024, *Aleksandrov* (SIBS); ibid., Gasfortovskoye storage reservoir, 44°31'51"N, 33°40'54"E, 16 May 2024, *Milchakova* (SIBS). – The range of *Potamogeton sarmaticus* encompasses mainly the steppe and forest-steppe zones of E Europe and Kazakhstan plus a few isolated localities in the taiga zone of W Siberia (Kapitonova 2017). In addition to previously known localities in Ukraine and Russia, the species was recently discovered in Hungary (GBIF 2023c). For Crimea, *P. sarmaticus* is given here for the first time. The plants were collected in a coastal zone of storage reservoirs, at a depth of 0.5 to 2 m on silty and silty-sandy substrate, accompanied by

some other species of the genus clearly differing from *P. sarmaticus*. Unlike *P. lucens* L., *P. sarmaticus* produces floating leaves (congested, sessile), and the submerged leaves are dull, not shiny, slightly transparent, with conspicuous stripes of air- containing lacunae along the midrib and main lateral veins; and unlike *P. gramineus* L., *P. sarmaticus* has elliptic or lanceolate submerged leaves and stipules with 1 or 2 keels (Mäemets 1978; Mäemets 2001; Kapitonova 2017). The storage reservoirs where *P. sarmaticus* grows have already existed for many decades. Urkusta (on the Urkusta River) was built in the 1960s and Gasfortovskoye (on the Sukhaya River) in the 1970s, so *P. sarmaticus* could already have a rather long persistence here. Water in the reservoirs is characterized by calcium hydrocarbonate hardness and assessed as polluted or slightly polluted. Domestic wastewater and irrigated agriculture in adjacent settlements have a significant impact on the water quality. In general, *P. sarmaticus* is ecologically associated with shallow reservoirs that often dry up (Klinkova 2006) or small, brackish ponds, and it is believed to have low resistance against anthropogenic transformation of the landscape (Kapitonova 2017). The species is considered to be rare, with only about two dozen localities throughout its area of distribution (GBIF 2023c). That is why it is included in the Red Data Books of several regions of the Russian Federation and Ukraine (Kapitonova 2017). Up to now, together with *P. sarmaticus*, nine species of *Potamogeton* L. are known for the spontaneous flora of Crimea (Yena 2012; Yena & Svirin 2013).

A. V. Yena, N. A. Milchakova, Yu. A. Gavrilova & V. V. Aleksandrov
*Primulaceae*

**Lysimachia baudoi** Véla, **nom. nov.** ≡ *Anagallis platyphylla* Baudo in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 20: 345. 1843
≡ *Anagallis arvensis* var. *platyphylla* (Baudo) Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algerie, Atlas, livraison 20: 30. 1869 [“1855”]
≡ *Anagallis arvensis* subsp. *platyphylla* (Baudo) Batt. in Battandier & Trabut, Fl. Algerie, Dicot.: 723. 1890 ≡ *Lysimachia arvensis* subsp. *platyphylla* (Baudo) Véla in Willdenowia 51: 157. 2021, non *Lysimachia platyphylla* Merr. in Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8: 134. 1934.

*Anagallis platyphylla* Baudo was described as a species distinct from both *A. monelli* L. s.l. and *A. arvensis* L. s.l. with the following diagnosis (Baudo 1843): “Herba *A. arvensis latifoliae* cum flore *Monnelli coeruleae*. – Caul[is]. tetrapterus, antherae lineares”. I already postulated the exclusion of *A. platyphylla* from the variability of *A. arvensis* subsp. *arvensis* (Véla 2021) contrary to the opinion of Pujadas (1997), particularly due to the constancy of corolla size (15–19 mm vs 6–12 mm) and the chorology (Algerian-Tunisian endemic vs Palearctic widespread). Recently, a major study has been published on molecular phylogeny and cryptic speciation between red- and blue-flowered forms of *Lysimachia arvensis* s.l. and *L. monelli* s.l. (Jiménez-López & al. 2022). In summary, the corolla colour in the two collective species is neither a polymorphism nor a late convergence but an early divergence, making both species groups polyphyletic. In addition to the ploidy level, the phylogenetic history and discrete morphological criteria infer specific rank for each investigated taxon: *L. arvensis* (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. (red *A. arvensis*); *L. loeflingii* F. J. Jiménez & M. Talavera (blue *A. arvensis* = *A. arvensis* subsp. *latifolia* (L.) Arcang.); *L. foemina* (Mill.) U. Manns & Anderb. (*A. foemina* Mill.); *L. monelli* (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. (blue *A. monelli* L.); *L. collina* (Schousb.) F. J. Jiménez (red *A. monelli* = *A. monelli* subsp. *collina* (Schousb.) H. Lindb.); and *L. talaverae* L. Sáez & Aymerich (≡ *A. arvensis* subsp. *parviflora* (Hoffmanns. & Link) Arcang.). Unfortunately, the overlooked “*L. arvensis* subsp. *platyphylla*”, a ruderal annual with large, blue flowers, presumed to be an endemic of Algeria and Tunisia, has not been sampled. In this context, the most parsimonious hypothesis is to consider “*L. arvensis* subsp. *platyphylla*” no longer as a subspecies of the red *L. arvensis*. It is also likely neither a subspecies nor a sister species of *L. collina* because of the flower-colour criterion nor of *L. monelli* and *L. foemina* because of flower colour and shape of leaves (Véla 2021). It seems more probable to consider it a subspecies or sister species of *L. loeflingii* and/or *L. talaverae*, preferably the tetraploid *L. loeflingii*, considering the same ruderal ecology in synanthropic environments, contrary to *L. talaverae*, which is diploid and grows in primary, oligotrophic habitats. POWO (2024b) currently considers “*L. arvensis* subsp. *platyphylla*” as a synonym under the unplaced name “*A. platyphylla*

Baudo”. In order to allow taxonomic placement, taking into account the latest findings by Jiménez-López & al. (2022), I propose to accept the taxon in the genus *Lysimachia* Tourn. ex L. at specific rank. Because the validly published name *L. platyphylla* Merr. already exists, designating a taxon native to N Sumatra (Merrill 1934), a replacement name for the N African species is needed.
E. Véla

*Proteaceae*

**Grevillea robusta** A. Cunn. ex R. Br.

**A. Tn:** Tunisia: Wilayah of Mahdia, Mahdia city, 35°30'N, 11°03'E, 2 m, 3 juvenile specimens by pavements and roadsides, 20 Dec 2021, *El Mokni* (Herb. Univ. Monastir); ibid., Wilayah of Monastir, Monastir city, 35°46'N, 11°49'E, 20 m, 1 juvenile specimen in public garden, 18 Jul 2022, *El Mokni* (Herb. Univ. Monastir). – *Grevillea robusta* is a single-stemmed tree native to N New South Wales and S Queensland, Australia (POWO 2024n). The species has been introduced to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions around the world since the mid to late 19th century and was widely planted in India, Sri Lanka, Central and South America and many countries in Africa (Harwood 1989). It was then reported as naturalized in Africa, tropical Asia, Oceania, California, Florida and the West Indies (Harwood 1997; Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong 2012; PIER 2015). In the Euro+Med area, the species is reported as a casual alien only in Italy (Cambria & al. 2023; Galasso & al. 2024). For the Levant, the taxon is reported as present (introduced/cultivated) in coastal Lebanon and Palestine (Dinsmore 1933: 482), for N Africa in the Canary Islands, Morocco, Algeria and Libya without information on its status of naturalization (APD 2024; CABI 2024). It is first recorded here from Tunisia, at the same time from the whole of N Africa, as a casual alien very locally escaped from cultivation and producing self-sown offspring.
R. El Mokni

*Rubiaceae*

**Galium intermedium** Schult.

+ Gr: Greece: E Makedonia, Agion Oros, Athos peninsula near monastery of Filotheou, 40°13'N, 24°17'E, 300 m, road verges in mixed forest, a member of the *NemoRALIA* group collected by S. Charalampidis, P. Dimopoulos, Th. Raus & A. Strid, 14 Jun 2023, *Strid & al. 61507* (B, UPA, det. Th. Raus). – This species is new to Greece but not unexpected. It is known to occur in Albania (Birina & al. 2018: 292, sub *G. schultesii*) and Bulgaria (Assyov & al. 2012: 203; see also Marhold 2011d+). In the past, it was long known under its later synonym *Gallium schultesii* Vest. The Athos plants match well the respective neotype collections of *G. intermedium* (Krendl & Vitek 2008: 169, fig. 1) and *G. schultesii* (Krendl & Vitek 2008: 170, fig. 2).
Th. Raus
<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 19. *Dodonaea viscosa* – A: habit and habitat; B: semi-ripe and ripe capsules. – Greece, Rodos, Kalithea to Koskinou, 16 Apr 2023; photographs by K. Kalaentzis.</figcaption></figure>

### Sapindaceae

*Dodonaea viscosa* Jacq. – Fig. 19.

A AE(G): Greece, East Aegean Islands: Rodos, road from Kalithea springs to Koskinou near abandoned quarry, 36°22'32.9"N, 28°13'41.8"E (WGS 84), 35 m, phrygana, plants with ripe and semi-ripe capsules, 9 & 16 Apr 2023, *Katsillis & Kalaentzis* (photo [Fig. 19]); ibid., phrygana, with flowers and semi-ripe capsules, 24 Nov 2023, *Kalaentzis* (herb. Kalaentzis). – *Dodonaea viscosa* is reported here for the first time for Greece; the species was not mentioned in Dimopoulos & al. (2024) and Strid (2016). The genus *Dodonaea* Mill. currently comprises 72 accepted species (POWO 2023), the vast majority of which are restricted to mainland Australia, except *D. viscosa*, which is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of the Old and New World. In the Euro+Med area the latter species is considered to be native in Libya, Egypt and Jordan (Raab-Straube 2018c+); casual or naturalized introductions have been reported from Madeira (Muer & al. 2020), Cyprus (Hand 2010) and Palestine (Danin 2004; Abd Rabou & al. 2019), recently also from Spain and Tunisia (POWO 2024l). In Rodos, the plants were found on calcareous bedrock with red, Mediterranean soil (terra rossa) accompanied by *Pinus brutia* Ten. and shrubs typical of arid, phryganic vegetation such as *Anthyllis hermanniae* L., *Euphorbia acanthothamnos* Boiss., *Genista acanthoclada* DC. and *Sarcopoterium spinosum* (L.) Spach. Other notable herbaceous plant species were *Allium subhirsutum* L., *Anthyllis vulneraria* subsp. *rubriflora* (DC.) Arcang., *Iberis carnosa* Willd., *Sedum sediforme* (Jacq.) Pau and *Ranunculus paludosus* Poir. More than five fruiting individuals of *D. viscosa* were observed, confirming the status as a population on

the verge of naturalization (Pyšek & al. 2004). A natural dispersal through wind or water (Thorsen & al. 2009) from the nearest established population (presumably in Cyprus) seems rather unlikely given the distance between the two islands. Hence we assume that *D. viscosa* has been brought to Rodos through horticultural trade.

E. Katsillis, G. Pastrikos & K. Kalaentzis

### Acknowledgements

B. Baranovski & L. Karmyzova are grateful to S. Mosyakin (M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine) and D. Albach (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany) for confirming the *Veronica biloba* identification. V. Ioannidis, D. Doulkeridou, A. Gerakis, E. Koutis and M. Kozoni are grateful to A. Strid (Ørbæk, Denmark), Y. Tsiripidis (Thessaloniki, Greece) and A. Zografidis (Patra, Greece) for confirming the identification of *Vicia sparsiflora*. D. Ivanova & R. Natcheva used specimens deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SOM) processed as part of the project DiSSCo-BG (Upgrade of the Research Infrastructure “Distributed System of Scientific Collections—Bulgaria”) funded by the National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria. G. Mei and C. Wellstein thank the Provincial Forestry Corps and the Nature Office of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Italy, for logistical and technical support during the field investigations on *Ribes nigrum*. Th. Raus thanks Don Marjan Gega and Franciscan Sr. Joëla (Velipojë, Albania) for the permission to botanize on and around the institutional properties
of their parish and convent in October 2024. The work of V. S. Vishnyakov was conducted under the framework of the state task project, no. 124032100076-2; he would like to thank the staff of the herbaria BATU, ERE, TBI and TGM for help in studying specimens. Finally, four anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments on earlier versions of these Notulae.

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