# Stakeholders’ perceptions of climate change and challenges for grain legume adaptation to future climate in France

Marie Marteau-Bazouni, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Nicolas Guilpart

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## To cite this version:

Marie Marteau-Bazouni, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Nicolas Guilpart. Stakeholders’ perceptions of climate change and challenges for grain legume adaptation to future climate in France. 18th Congress of the European Society of Agronomy, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Aug 2024, Rennes, France. hal-04778077

HAL Id: hal-04778077

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04778077v1

Submitted on 12 Nov 2024

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# Stakeholders' perceptions of climate change and challenges for grain legume adaptation to future climate in France (Oral #133)

Marie Marteau-Bazouni, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Nicolas Guilpart

Presenter: Marie Marteau-Bazouni (marie.marteau-bazouni@inrae.fr)

**Keywords:** grain legumes; adaptation; climate change; knowledge for action; survey

## 1. Introduction

In Europe, increasing the area cultivated with grain legumes has been identified as a lever to mitigate and adapt to climate change. However, climate change will also impact these crops (Marteau-Bazouni et al., 2024). It is thus necessary to explore adaptation options to sustain grain legume performances in the context of climate change.

To better design innovations for adaptation, it is important to consider the needs and activities of stakeholders (Beveridge et al., 2018; Cerf et al., 2012). Although several studies have surveyed producers and experts for their perceptions of climate change and adaptation in Europe (e.g., Peltonen-Sainio et al., 2020), no data are available for grain legumes.

The objectives of this study were to assess (i) stakeholders' perceptions of climate change and its impacts on grain legumes, (ii) the actions they imagine to develop innovations for adaptation, and (iii) the knowledge that is currently available, as well as the knowledge they would need to implement these actions.

## 2. Materials and Methods

We conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in different stages of grain legume value chains in France. Participants were identified with a snowball sampling. First, we selected advisors from 10 regional Chambers of Agriculture to cover a large part of the French territory. Participants were then asked for contacts in other professional sectors: cooperatives and industries (11 participants), extension services (6), and seed breeding and multiplication (5). We analyzed interview recordings to identify stakeholders' perceptions of climate change and possible adaptation options related to their activities. We then derived profiles of stakeholders based on their perceptions of climate change and adaptation.

## 3. Results

A majority of participants reported that climate change has already negatively impacted grain legumes' performances. They reported a rise in the occurrence of heat stress, milder winters with cold snaps, and an unequal repartition of rain characterized by an increased frequency of drought periods and heavy rains, which represent major constraints for pea, faba bean, and lentil management and performances. The impacts of climate change on biotic pressure (weeds, pests, pathogens), on the frequency of extreme events, and on the interannual climate variability are considered among the main challenges for adaptation. Conversely, the average temperature increase is regarded as an opportunity for species such as soybean, lentil, and chickpea, especially in the northern half of France.

The participants proposed various contributions to climate change adaptation, such as experimenting or supporting the experimentation of agronomic levers, breeding grain legume varieties adapted to changing climate conditions, supporting the introduction of new species, creating value to secure producers' income in spite of climate variability, and sharing
knowledge on grain legume cultivation or climate change. Each profile was associated with different innovations, space and time scales for action, and knowledge needs.

4. Discussion

Although the participants have observed, tested, and imagined numerous adaptation options, they perceived that climate and technical constraints, as well as sociotechnical lock-ins, limit the effectiveness of these adaptations. Producing and sharing knowledge among the various stakeholders is thus a challenge to support the adaptation of grain legume cultivation to current and future climate. We propose here an original synthesis to gather ideas and identify future research areas.

Our results raise the need for new methods to handle adaptation to climate change, balance short-term and long-term objectives, and establish synergies between researchers and various stakeholders to design effective adaptation strategies for grain legumes.

5. References

Beveridge, L., Whitfield, S., and Challinor, A. (2018). Crop modelling: towards locally relevant and climate-informed adaptation. Climatic Change, 147(3-4), 475-489.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2160-z

Cerf, M., Jeuffroy, M.-H., Prost, L., and Meynard, J.-M. (2012). Participatory design of agricultural decision support tools: taking account of the use situations. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 32(4), 899-910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0091-z

Marteau-Bazouni, M., Jeuffroy, M.-H., and Guilpart, N. (2024). Grain legume response to future climate and adaptation strategies in Europe: A review of simulation studies. European Journal of Agronomy, 153, 127056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.127056

Peltonen-Sainio, P., Sorvali, J., and Kaseva, J. (2020). Winds of change for farmers: Matches and mismatches between experiences, views and the intention to act. Climate Risk Management, 27(November 2019), 100205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2019.100205
# Stakeholders' perceptions of climate change and challenges for grain legume adaptation to future climate in France

M. Marteau-Bazouni¹; M.-H. Jeuffroy¹; N. Guilpart¹

¹ Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Agronomie
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# Introduction

* In Europe, ↗ grain legume production has been identified as a lever to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

* Climate change will also impact grain legumes (Marteau-Bazouni et al., 2024) → need to identify adaptation options

* When designing innovations for adaptation, it is important to consider the needs and activities of stakeholders (Cerf et al., 2012).

* No study available for grain legumes in Europe

Cerf, M. et al. (2012) Participatory design of agricultural decision support tools: taking account of the use situations, *Agron. Sustain. Dev.*

Marteau-Bazouni, M., Jeuffroy, M.-H. and Guilpart, N. (2024) Grain legume response to future climate and adaptation strategies in Europe: A review of simulation studies, *Eur. J. Agron.*
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# Objectives

Approach inspired by the diagnosis of uses (Ravier et al., 2016)

i. How do stakeholders involved in the development of grain legumes perceive the evolution of climate and its impacts on grain legumes?

ii. How do they (or other stakeholders) plan on adapting?

iii. What are the barriers impeding the process of adaptation?
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# Materials & methods

33 semi-structured interviews with 42 stakeholders in France:

* Seed breeding & multiplication (5)

* Local extension services (10)

* National extension services (6)

* Cooperatives (10)

* Food and feed industry (1)

* Administration (1)

Interviews recorded, transcribed, and analysed with [Taguette](#)

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# Materials & methods

Focus on 5 major grain legume species:

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soybean (*Glycine max* (L.) Merr.),

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field pea (*Pisum sativum* L.),

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faba bean (*Vicia faba* L.),

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lentil (*Lens culinaris* Medik.),

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and chickpea (*Cicer arietinum* L.)
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# Perceptions of climate change impacts

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# Perceptions of climate change impacts

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# Perceptions of climate change impacts

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# Perceptions of climate change impacts

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# Perceptions of climate change impacts

increasing drought -

increasing heat stress -

increasing biotic pressure -

increasing climate variability -

milder winters and cold waves -

increasing precipitation and heavy rains -

uncertain access to irrigation -

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➤ yield (stresses during reproductive stages)

Reduced escapability (early stresses)

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➤ yield

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Difficult to learn from one year to the next

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➤ risk of frost damages and diseases, ➤ yield

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Diseases, lodging, restricted sowing windows

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➤ yield stability

increasing mean temperature and drier climate -

decreasing number of frost days -

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➤ diseases, opportunities for new species

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Extended sowing windows
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# Perceptions of climate change impacts

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# Adaptation

82%

Genetics

- Breeding tolerant cultivars (76%)

- Cultivar choice (27%)

82%

Management practices

- Early sowing of spring crops (58%)

- Increased (24%) or optimized (12%) irrigation

- Reduced tillage (21%)

- Late sowing of winter crops (18%)

- Reduced sowing density (15%)

- Biostimulants and stress limiters (12%)

- Optimized pesticide application (9%)

39%

Cropping systems

- Intercropping (21%)

- Double-cropping (6%)

88%

Production areas

- Introduction of new species (73%)

- Shift from spring to winter crops (55%)

76%

Stakeholders' income

- Value creation (55%)

- Increased policy support (21%)

- Insurances (18%)

- Diversification (of species, sowing dates, sources of supply, etc.) (12%)

61%

Knowledge

- Knowledge transfer on grain legumes (39%) and climate change (21%)

- Development of decision support tools (12%)

- Improved weather forecast services (6%)
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# Barriers to adaptation

<table><thead><tr><th>Lever</th><th>Genetics</th><th>Management practices</th><th>Cropping systems</th><th>Production areas</th><th>Stakeholders' income</th><th>Knowledge</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Respondents involved</th><td>Breed.</td><td>Ext. services, coop.</td><td>Ext. services</td><td>Ext. services, coop., industr., admin.</td><td>Ext. services, coop., industr., admin.</td><td>Ext. services, coop.</td></tr><tr><th>Time and space scales</th><td>National 10-30 yrs</td><td>Local 5-10 yrs</td><td>?</td><td>Supply basin &gt; national 5-20yrs</td><td>?</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Climate barrier</th><td>Lack of methods to anticipate C.C.</td><td>"Antagonistic" effects (spring stresses / frost)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Socio-technical barrier</th><td>Low breeding investment</td><td>Low investment in R&D</td><td></td><td>Lack of market opportunities</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Knowledge gap</th><td>Genes involved in stress tolerance?</td><td>Winter VS spring crops? Response to irrigation? Pest control?</td><td>Cropping system management?</td><td>New species management and economic performances?</td><td></td><td>Grain legume response to climate change?</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Discussion & conclusion

Diagnosing stakeholders’ challenges related to climate change
and adaptation

* Dynamics that depend on the location and species considered

* Climatic barriers to adaptation:

* “Antagonistic” symptoms of climate change

* Increasing climate variability

* Long-term dynamics of climate change VS stakeholders’ short-term objectives

* A socio-technical lock-in hindering the adaptation of grain legumes (Meynard et al., 2018):

* Reduced investment in breeding and R&D

* Lack of technical references and knowledge

* Lack of market opportunities
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# Discussion & conclusion

## Supporting the adaptation of grain legumes by stakeholders

* Key role played by knowledge to support grain legume adoption by farmers (Zimmer et al., 2016) and adaptation to climate change (Howden et al., 2007)

* Participatory modelling? (Beveridge et al., 2018)

* Key role played by public policies (Balázs et al., 2021; Zander et al., 2016)

* A need for innovative design to meet the numerous challenges associated with the adaptation of grain legumes to climate change?

Beveridge, L., Whitfield, S. and Challinor, A. (2018) Crop modelling: towards locally relevant and climate-informed adaptation, *Clim. Change*

Howden, S.M. et al. (2007) Adapting agriculture to climate change, *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.*

Zander, P. et al. (2016) Grain legume decline and potential recovery in European agriculture: a review, *Agron. Sustain. Dev.*

Zimmer, S. et al. (2016) Luxembourgish farmers’ lack of information about grain legume cultivation, *Agron. Sustain. Dev.*
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Thank you for your
attention!

marie.marteau-bazouni@inrae.fr

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L'INSTITUT
agro Rennes
Angers

INRAO

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esa

EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR AGRONOMY