Raut, J. C., Wilson, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Diskin, G. S., Weinhheimer, A., Schlager, H., and Ancellet, G.: Multi-model study of chemical and physical controls on transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3575–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3575-2015, 2015.

Moran, M. D., Pavlovic, R., and Anselmo, D.: Regional air quality deterministic prediction system (RAQDPS): update from version 019 to version 020, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, https://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/cmc/CMOI/product_guide/docs/tech_notes/technote_raqdps-v20_20180918_e.pdf (last access: 2 February 2023), 2018.

NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change): NDACC Public Data Access, https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/ndacc/data.html, last access: 14 February 2023.

Notholt, J., Toon, G., Stordal, F., Solberg, S., Schmidbauer, N., Becker, E., Meier, A., and Sen, B.: Seasonal variations of atmospheric trace gases in the high Arctic at 79°N, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 12855–12861, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00337, 1997a.

Notholt, J., Toon, G. C., Lehmann, R., Sen, B., and Blavier, J.-F.: Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic trace gas column abundances from ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 12863–12869, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00358, 1997b.

Notholt, J., Toon, G. C., Rinsland, C. P., Pougatchev, N. S., Jones, N. B., Connor, B. J., Weller, R., Gautrois, M., and Schrems, O.: Latitudinal variations of trace gas concentrations in the free troposphere measured by solar absorption spectroscopy during a ship cruise, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 1337–1349, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD009040, 2000.

Olivié, D., Höglund-Isaksson, L., Klimont, Z., and von Salzen, K.: Boxmodel for calculation of global atmospheric methane concentration, Version 8.0, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5293940, 2021.

Oshima, N., Yukimoto, S., Deushi, M., Koshiro, T., Kawai, H., Tanaka, T. Y., and Yoshida, K.: Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0, Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 7, 38, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00348-w, 2020.

Rantanen, M., Karpechko, A. Y., Lipponen, A., Nordling, K., Hyvärinen, O., Ruosteenoja, K., Vihma, T., and Laaksonen, A.: The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth & Environment, 3, 168, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3, 2022.

Prather, M. J., Holmes, C. D., and Hsu, J.: Reactive greenhouse gas scenarios: Systematic exploration of uncertainties and the role of atmospheric chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051440, 2012.

Rap, A., Richards, N. A. D., Forster, P. M., Monks, S. A., Arnold, S. R., and Chipperfield, M. P.: Satellite constraint on the tropospheric ozone radiative effect, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5074–5081, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064037, 2015.

Robertson, L., Langner, J., and Engardt, M.: An Eulerian Limited Area Atmospheric Transport Model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 190–210, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0190:AELAAT>2.0.CO;2, 1999.

Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, World Scientific, Singapore, 13–100, https://doi.org/10.1142/3171, 2000.

Rodgers, C. D. and Connor, B. J.: Intercomparison of remote sounding instruments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002299, 2003.

Rothman, L., Gordon, I., Barbe, A., Benner, D., Bernath, P., Birk, M., Boudon, V., Brown, L., Campargue, A., Champion, J.-P., Chance, K., Coudert, L., Dana, V., Devi, V., Fally, S., Flaud, J.-M., Gamache, R., Goldman, A., Jacquemart, D., Kleiner, I., Lavecome, N., Lafferty, W., Mandin, J.-Y., Massie, S., Mikhailenko, S., Miller, C., Moazzen-Ahmadi, N., Naumenko, O., Nikitin, A., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V., Perrin, A., Predoi-Cross, A., Rinsland, C., Rotger, M., Šimečková, M., Smith, M. A. H., Sung, K., Tashkun, S., Tennyson, J., Toth, R., Vandaele, A., and Vander Auwera, J.: The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 110, 533–572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.013, 2009.

Scinocca, J. F., McFarlane, N. A., Lazare, M., Li, J., and Plummer, D.: Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7055–7074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7055-2008, 2008.

Sellar, A. A., Jones, C. G., Mulcahy, J. P., Tang, Y., Yool, A., Wiltshire, A., O'Connor, F. M., Stringer, M., Hill, R., Palmieri, J., Woodward, S., de Mora, L., Kuhlbrodt, T., Rumbold, S. T., Kelley, D. I., Ellis, R., Johnson, C. E., Walton, J., Abraham, N. L., Andrews, M. B., Andrews, T., Archibald, A. T., Berthou, S., Burke, E., Blockley, E., Carslaw, K., Dalvi, M., Edwards, J., Folberth, G. A., Gedney, N., Griffiths, P. T., Harper, A. B., Hendry, M. A., Hewitt, A. J., Johnson, B., Jones, A., Jones, C. D., Keeble, J., Liddicoat, S., Morgenstern, O., Parker, R. J., Predoi, V., Robertson, E., Siahaan, A., Smith, R. S., Swaminathan, R., Woodhouse, M. T., Zeng, G., and Zerroukat, M.: UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 4513–4558, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001739, 2019.

Simpson, D., Benedictow, A., Berge, H., Bergström, R., Emberson, L. D., Fagerli, H., Flechard, C. R., Hayman, G. D., Gauss, M., Jonson, J. E., Jenkin, M. E., Nyíri, A., Richter, C., Semeena, V. S., Tsyro, S., Tuovinen, J.-P., Valdebenito, Á., and Wind, P.: The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model – technical description, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7825–7865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7825-2012, 2012.

Simpson, D., Bergström, R., Tsyro, S., and Wind, P.: Updates to the EMEP MSC-W model, 2018–2019, Chap. 10, in: Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, EMEP status report 1/2019, 145–152, https://emep.int/publ/reports/2019/EMEP_Status_Report_1_2019.pdf, (last access: 2 February 2023), 2019.

Skov, H., Brooks, S., Goodsite, M. E., Lindberg, S. E., Meyers, T. P., Landis, M. S., Larsen, M. R. B., Jensen, B., McConville, G., and Christensen, J.: Fluxes of reactive gaseous mercury measured with a newly developed method using relaxed eddy accumulation, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5452–5463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.061, 2006.

Solberg, S., Schmidbauer, N., Semb, A., Stordal, F., and Hov, Ø.: Boundary-layer ozone depletion as seen in the Nor-
Raut, J. C., Wilson, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Diskin, G. S., Weinhheimer, A., Schlager, H., and Ancellet, G.: Multi-model study of chemical and physical controls on transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3575–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3575-2015, 2015.

Moran, M. D., Pavlovic, R., and Anselmo, D.: Regional air quality deterministic prediction system (RAQDPS): update from version 019 to version 020, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, https://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/cmc/CMOI/product_guide/docs/tech_notes/technote_raqdps-v20_20180918_e.pdf (last access: 2 February 2023), 2018.

NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change): NDACC Public Data Access, https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/ndacc/data.html, last access: 14 February 2023.

Notholt, J., Toon, G., Stordal, F., Solberg, S., Schmidbauer, N., Becker, E., Meier, A., and Sen, B.: Seasonal variations of atmospheric trace gases in the high Arctic at 79°N, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 12855–12861, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00337, 1997a.

Notholt, J., Toon, G. C., Lehmann, R., Sen, B., and Blavier, J.-F.: Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic trace gas column abundances from ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 12863–12869, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00358, 1997b.

Notholt, J., Toon, G. C., Rinsland, C. P., Pougatchev, N. S., Jones, N. B., Connor, B. J., Weller, R., Gautrois, M., and Schrems, O.: Latitudinal variations of trace gas concentrations in the free troposphere measured by solar absorption spectroscopy during a ship cruise, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 1337–1349, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD009040, 2000.

Olivié, D., Höglund-Isaksson, L., Klimont, Z., and von Salzen, K.: Boxmodel for calculation of global atmospheric methane concentration, Version 8.0, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5293940, 2021.

Oshima, N., Yukimoto, S., Deushi, M., Koshiro, T., Kawai, H., Tanaka, T. Y., and Yoshida, K.: Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0, Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 7, 38, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00348-w, 2020.

Rantanen, M., Karpechko, A. Y., Lipponen, A., Nordling, K., Hyvärinen, O., Ruosteenoja, K., Vihma, T., and Laaksonen, A.: The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth & Environment, 3, 168, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3, 2022.

Prather, M. J., Holmes, C. D., and Hsu, J.: Reactive greenhouse gas scenarios: Systematic exploration of uncertainties and the role of atmospheric chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051440, 2012.

Rap, A., Richards, N. A. D., Forster, P. M., Monks, S. A., Arnold, S. R., and Chipperfield, M. P.: Satellite constraint on the tropospheric ozone radiative effect, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5074–5081, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064037, 2015.

Robertson, L., Langner, J., and Engardt, M.: An Eulerian Limited Area Atmospheric Transport Model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 190–210, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0190:AELAAT>2.0.CO;2, 1999.

Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, World Scientific, Singapore, 13–100, https://doi.org/10.1142/3171, 2000.

Rodgers, C. D. and Connor, B. J.: Intercomparison of remote sounding instruments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002299, 2003.

Rothman, L., Gordon, I., Barbe, A., Benner, D., Bernath, P., Birk, M., Boudon, V., Brown, L., Campargue, A., Champion, J.-P., Chance, K., Coudert, L., Dana, V., Devi, V., Fally, S., Flaud, J.-M., Gamache, R., Goldman, A., Jacquemart, D., Kleiner, I., Lavecome, N., Lafferty, W., Mandin, J.-Y., Massie, S., Mikhailenko, S., Miller, C., Moazzen-Ahmadi, N., Naumenko, O., Nikitin, A., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V., Perrin, A., Predoi-Cross, A., Rinsland, C., Rotger, M., Šimečková, M., Smith, M. A. H., Sung, K., Tashkun, S., Tennyson, J., Toth, R., Vandaele, A., and Vander Auwera, J.: The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 110, 533–572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.013, 2009.

Scinocca, J. F., McFarlane, N. A., Lazare, M., Li, J., and Plummer, D.: Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7055–7074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7055-2008, 2008.

Sellar, A. A., Jones, C. G., Mulcahy, J. P., Tang, Y., Yool, A., Wiltshire, A., O'Connor, F. M., Stringer, M., Hill, R., Palmieri, J., Woodward, S., de Mora, L., Kuhlbrodt, T., Rumbold, S. T., Kelley, D. I., Ellis, R., Johnson, C. E., Walton, J., Abraham, N. L., Andrews, M. B., Andrews, T., Archibald, A. T., Berthou, S., Burke, E., Blockley, E., Carslaw, K., Dalvi, M., Edwards, J., Folberth, G. A., Gedney, N., Griffiths, P. T., Harper, A. B., Hendry, M. A., Hewitt, A. J., Johnson, B., Jones, A., Jones, C. D., Keeble, J., Liddicoat, S., Morgenstern, O., Parker, R. J., Predoi, V., Robertson, E., Siahaan, A., Smith, R. S., Swaminathan, R., Woodhouse, M. T., Zeng, G., and Zerroukat, M.: UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 4513–4558, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001739, 2019.

Simpson, D., Benedictow, A., Berge, H., Bergström, R., Emberson, L. D., Fagerli, H., Flechard, C. R., Hayman, G. D., Gauss, M., Jonson, J. E., Jenkin, M. E., Nyíri, A., Richter, C., Semeena, V. S., Tsyro, S., Tuovinen, J.-P., Valdebenito, Á., and Wind, P.: The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model – technical description, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7825–7865, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7825-2012, 2012.

Simpson, D., Bergström, R., Tsyro, S., and Wind, P.: Updates to the EMEP MSC-W model, 2018–2019, Chap. 10, in: Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, EMEP status report 1/2019, 145–152, https://emep.int/publ/reports/2019/EMEP_Status_Report_1_2019.pdf, (last access: 2 February 2023), 2019.

Skov, H., Brooks, S., Goodsite, M. E., Lindberg, S. E., Meyers, T. P., Landis, M. S., Larsen, M. R. B., Jensen, B., McConville, G., and Christensen, J.: Fluxes of reactive gaseous mercury measured with a newly developed method using relaxed eddy accumulation, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5452–5463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.061, 2006.

Solberg, S., Schmidbauer, N., Semb, A., Stordal, F., and Hov, Ø.: Boundary-layer ozone depletion as seen in the Nor-
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Viatte, C., Strong, K., Hannigan, J., Nussbaumer, E., Emmons, L. K., Conway, S., Paton-Walsh, C., Hartley, J., Benmergui, J., and Lin, J.: Identifying fire plumes in the Arctic with trophospheric FTIR measurements and transport models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2227–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2227-2015, 2015.

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Yukimoto, S., Kawai, H., Koshiro, T., Oshima, N., Yoshida, K., Urakawa, S., Tsujino, H., Deushi, M., Tanaka, T., Hosaka, M., Yabu, S., Yoshimura, H., Shindo, E., Mizuta, R., Obata, A., Adachi, Y., and Ishii, M.: The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 2.0, MRI-ESM2.0: Description and Basic Evaluation of the Physical Component, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 97, 931–965, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2019-051, 2019.

Zhao, X., Strong, K., Adams, C., Schofield, R., Yang, X., Richter, A., Friess, U., Blechschmidt, A.-M., and Koo, J.-H.: A case study of a transported bromine explosion event in the Canadian high arctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 457–477, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023711, 2016.

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Stohl, A., Aamaas, B., Amann, M., Baker, L. H., Bellouin, N., Berntsen, T. K., Boucher, O., Cherian, R., Collins, W., Daskalakis, N., Dusinska, M., Eckhardt, S., Fuglestvedt, J. S., Harju, M., Heyes, C., Hodnebrog, Ø., Hao, J., Im, U., Kanakidou, M., Klimont, Z., Kupiainen, K., Law, K. S., Lund, M. T., Maas, R., MacIntosh, C. R., Myhre, G., Myriokefalitakis, S., Olivié, D., Quaas, J., Quennehen, B., Raut, J.-C., Rumbold, S. T., Samset, B. H., Schulz, M., Seland, Ø., Shine, K. P., Skeie, R. B., Wang, S., Yttri, K. E., and Zhu, T.: Evaluating the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived pollutants, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10529–10566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10529-2015, 2015.

van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., van Leeuwen, T. T., Chen, Y., Rogers, B. M., Mu, M., van Marle, M. J. E., Morton, D. C., Collatz, G. J., Yokelson, R. J., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 697–720, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017, 2017.

Viatte, C., Strong, K., Hannigan, J., Nussbaumer, E., Emmons, L. K., Conway, S., Paton-Walsh, C., Hartley, J., Benmergui, J., and Lin, J.: Identifying fire plumes in the Arctic with trophospheric FTIR measurements and transport models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2227–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2227-2015, 2015.

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