Phys., 9, 6191-6215, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6191-2009, 2009.

Fast, J. D., de Foy, B., Acevedo Rosas, F., Caetano, E., Carmichael, G., Emmons, L., McKenna, D., Mena, M., Skamarock, W., Tie, X., Coulter, R. L., Barnard, J. C., Wiedinmyer, C., and Madronich, S.: A meteorological overview of the MILAGRO field campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2233-2257, doi:10.5194/acp-7-2233-2007, 2007.

Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. and Pitts Jr., J. N.: Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, and London, UK, 2000.

Forster, P. V., Ramaswany, P., Artaxo, P., Bertsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Hiller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 2007.

Fortner, E. C., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Berk Knighton, W., Volkamer, R. M., Sheehy, P., Molina, L., and André, M.: Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry during the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 467–481, doi:10.5194/acp-9-467-2009, 2009.

Fraser, M. P., Cass, G. R., Simoneit, B. R. T., and Rasmussen, R. A.: Air quality model evaluation data for organics, 4. C-2-C-36 non-aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 2356–2367, doi:10.1021/es960980g, 1997.

Gelencsér and Varga: Evaluation of the atmospheric significance of multiphase reactions in atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2823–2831, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2823-2005, 2005.

George, I. J. and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Heterogeneous oxidation of atmospheric aerosol particles by gas-phase radicals, Nature Chem., 2, 713–722, doi:10.1038/nchem.806, 2010.

Goldstein, A. H. and Galbally, I. E.: Known and unexplored organic constituents in the earth's atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1514–1521, doi:10.1021/es072476p, 2007.

Greenberg, J. R., Guenther, A. B., and Turnipseed, A.: Tethered balloon-based soundings of ozone, aerosols, and solar radiation near Mexico City during MIRAGE-MEX, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2672–2677, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.019, 2009.

Grieshop, A. P., Logue, J. M., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Laboratory investigation of photochemical oxidation of organic aerosol from wood fires 1: measurement and simulation of organic aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1263–1277, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1263-2009, 2009.

Griffin, R. J., Cocker, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Organic aerosol formation from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 3555–3567, doi:10.1029/1998JD100049, 1999.

Guzman-Torres, D., Eiguren-Fernandez, A., Cicero-Fernandez, P., Maubert-Franco, M., Retama-Hernandez, A., Ramos Villegas, R., and Miguel, A. H.: Effects of meteorology on diurnal and nocturnal levels of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elemental and organic carbon in PM₁₀ at a source and a re-

ceptor area in Mexico City, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2693-2699, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.003, 2009.

Hamilton, J. F., Webb, P. J., Lewis, A. C., Hopkins, J. R., Smith, S., and Davy, P.: Partially oxidised organic components in urban aerosol using GCXGC-TOF/MS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1279-1290, doi:10.5194/acp-4-1279-2004, 2004.

Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., Russell, L. M., Huebert, B. J., Seinfeld, J. H., Liao, H., and Weber, R. J.: A large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18809, doi:10.1029/2005GL023831, 2005.

Heald, C. L., Kroll, J. H., Jimenez, J. L., Docherty, K. S., DeCarlo, P. F., Aiken, A. C., Chen, Q., Martin, S. T., Farmer, D. K., and Artaxo, P.: A simplified description of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08803, doi:10.1029/2010GL042737, 2010.

Heisler, S. L. and Friedlander, S. K.: Gas-to-particle conversion in photochemical smog: aerosol growth laws and mechanisms for organics, Atmos. Environ., 11, 157–168, doi:10.1016/0004-6981(77)90220-7, 1977.

Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., Aiken, A. C., Bessagnet, B., Curci, G., Fast, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Onasch, T. B., Roux, G., Schauer, J. J., Stone, E. A., and Ulbrich, I. M.: Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6949–6981, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6949-2009, 2009.

Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., Canagaratna, M. R., DeCarlo, P. F., Kleinman, L., and Fast, J.: Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: potential contribution of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5491–5514, doi:10.5194/acp-10-5491-2010, 2010a.

Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Prévôt, A. S. H., Szidat, S., Fast, J. D., and Madronich, S.: Can 3-D models explain the observed fractions of fossil and non-fossil carbon in and near Mexico City?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10997–11016, doi:10.5194/acp-10-10997-2010, 2010b.

Jacobson, M. Z.: Isolating nitrated and aromatic aerosols and nitrated aromatic gases as sources of ultraviolet light absorption, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 3527–3542, doi:10.1029/1998JD100054, 1999.

Jang, M. and Kamens, R. M.: Newly characterized products and composition of secondary aerosols from the reaction of alpha-pinene with ozone, Atmos. Environ., 33, 459–474, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00222-2, 1999.

Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb,
C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, doi:10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.

Joback, K. G. and Reid, R. C.: Estimation of Pure-Component Properties from Group-Contributions, Chem. Eng. Commun., 57, 233–243, 1987.

Jobson, B. T., Volkamer, R. A., Velasco, E., Allwine, G., Westberg, H., Lamb, B. K., Alexander, M. L., Berkowitz, C. M., and Molina, L. T.: Comparison of aromatic hydrocarbon measurements made by PTR-MS, DOAS and GC-FID during the MCMA 2003 Field Experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1989–2005, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1989-2010, 2010.

Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.

Karl, T., Apel, E., Hodzic, A., Riemer, D. D., Blake, D. R., and Wiedinmyer, C.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds inferred from airborne flux measurements over a megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 271–285, doi:10.5194/acp-9-271-2009, 2009.

Ketseridis, G., Hahn, J., Jaenicke, R., and Junge, C.: The organic constituents of atmospheric particulate matter, Atmos. Environ., 10, 603–610, doi:10/1016/0004-6981(76)90045-7, 1976.

Kleinman, L. I., Springston, S. R., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y.-N., Nunnemacker, L. J., Senum, G. I., Wang, J., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Alexander, M. L., Hubbe, J., Ortega, J., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jayne, J.: The time evolution of aerosol composition over the Mexico City plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1559–1575, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1559-2008, 2008.

Kroll, J. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemistry of secondary organic aerosol: Formation and evolution of low-volatility organics in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3593–3624, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.003, 2008.

Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Murphy, S. M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation under high-NOₓ conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18808, doi:10.1029/2005GL023637, 2005.

Kroll, J. H., Smith, J. D., Che, D. L., Kessler, S. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Wilson, K. R.: Measurement of fragmentation and functionalization pathways in the heterogeneous oxidation of oxidized organic aerosol, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8005–8014, doi:10.1039/b905289e, 2009.

Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nature Chem., 3, 133–139, doi:10.1038/NCHEM.948, 2011.

Li, G., Lei, W., Zavala, M., Volkamer, R., Dusanter, S., Stevens, P., and Molina, L. T.: Impacts of HONO sources on the photochemistry in Mexico City during the MCMA-2006/MILAGO Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6551–6567, doi:10.5194/acp-10-6551-2010, 2010.

Li, G., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., Pandis, S. N., Canagaratna, M. R., and Molina, L. T.: Simulations of

organic aerosol concentrations in Mexico City using the WRF-CHEM model during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3789–3809, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3789-2011, 2011.

Lim, Y. B. and Ziemann, P. J.: Products and mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol formation from reactions of *n*-alkanes with OH radicals in the presence of NOₓ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9229–9236, doi:10.1021/es051447g, 2005.

Lim, Y. B. and Ziemann, P. J.: Kinetics of the heterogeneous conversion of 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls to cyclic hemiacetals and dihydrofurans on organic aerosol particles, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8029–8039, doi:10.1039/b904333k, 2009.

Liu, S., Takahama, S., Russell, L. M., Gilardoni, S., and Baumgardner, D.: Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6849–6863, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6849-2009, 2009.

Madronich, S. and Flocke, S.: Theoretical estimation of biologically effective UV radiation at the Earth's surface, in: Solar Ultraviolet Radiation – Modeling, Measurements and Effects., edited by: Zerefos, C., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 23–48, 1997.

Middlebrook, A. M., Murphy, D. M., and Thomson, D. S.: Observations of organic material in individual marine particles at Cape Grim during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 16475–16483, doi:10.1029/97JD03719, 1998.

Molina, L. T., Madronich, S., Gaffney, J. S., Apel, E., de Foy, B., Fast, J., Ferrare, R., Herndon, S., Jimenez, J. L., Lamb, B., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., Russell, P., Schauer, J. J., Stevens, P. S., Volkamer, R., and Zavala, M.: An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8697–8760, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010, 2010.

Morgan, W. T., Allan, J. D., Bower, K. N., Highwood, E. J., Liu, D., McMeeking, G. R., Northway, M. J., Williams, P. I., Krejci, R., and Coe, H.: Airborne measurements of the spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition across Europe and evolution of the organic fraction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4065–4083, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4065-2010, 2010.

Mugica, V., Hernandez, S., Torres, M., and Garcia, R.: Seasonal Variation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure Levels in Mexico City, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 60, 548–555, doi:10.3155/1047-3289.60.5.548, 2010.

Myrdal, P. B. and Yalkowsky, S. H.: Estimating pure component vapor pressures of complex organic molecules, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 2494–2499, doi:10.1021/ie950242l, 1997.

Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from *m*-xylene, toluene, and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3909–3922, doi:10.5194/acp-7-3909-2007, 2007.

Odum, J. R., Hoffmann, T., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol yields, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2580–2585, doi:10.1021/es059043+, 1996.

Özel, M. Z., Ward, M. W., Hamilton, J. F., Lewis, A. C., Raventos-Duran, T., and Harrison, R. M.: Analysis of Organic Nitrogen Compounds in Urban Aerosol Samples Using GCxGC-TOF/MS, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 44, 109–116, doi:10.1080/02786820903410105, 2010.
C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525–1529, doi:10.1126/science.1180353, 2009.

Joback, K. G. and Reid, R. C.: Estimation of Pure-Component Properties from Group-Contributions, Chem. Eng. Commun., 57, 233–243, 1987.

Jobson, B. T., Volkamer, R. A., Velasco, E., Allwine, G., Westberg, H., Lamb, B. K., Alexander, M. L., Berkowitz, C. M., and Molina, L. T.: Comparison of aromatic hydrocarbon measurements made by PTR-MS, DOAS and GC-FID during the MCMA 2003 Field Experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1989–2005, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1989-2010, 2010.

Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.

Karl, T., Apel, E., Hodzic, A., Riemer, D. D., Blake, D. R., and Wiedinmyer, C.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds inferred from airborne flux measurements over a megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 271–285, doi:10.5194/acp-9-271-2009, 2009.

Ketseridis, G., Hahn, J., Jaenicke, R., and Junge, C.: The organic constituents of atmospheric particulate matter, Atmos. Environ., 10, 603–610, doi:10/1016/0004-6981(76)90045-7, 1976.

Kleinman, L. I., Springston, S. R., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y.-N., Nunnemacker, L. J., Senum, G. I., Wang, J., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Alexander, M. L., Hubbe, J., Ortega, J., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jayne, J.: The time evolution of aerosol composition over the Mexico City plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1559–1575, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1559-2008, 2008.

Kroll, J. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Chemistry of secondary organic aerosol: Formation and evolution of low-volatility organics in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 42, 3593–3624, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.003, 2008.

Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Murphy, S. M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation under high-NOₓ conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18808, doi:10.1029/2005GL023637, 2005.

Kroll, J. H., Smith, J. D., Che, D. L., Kessler, S. H., Worsnop, D. R., and Wilson, K. R.: Measurement of fragmentation and functionalization pathways in the heterogeneous oxidation of oxidized organic aerosol, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8005–8014, doi:10.1039/b905289e, 2009.

Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nature Chem., 3, 133–139, doi:10.1038/NCHEM.948, 2011.

Li, G., Lei, W., Zavala, M., Volkamer, R., Dusanter, S., Stevens, P., and Molina, L. T.: Impacts of HONO sources on the photochemistry in Mexico City during the MCMA-2006/MILAGO Campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6551–6567, doi:10.5194/acp-10-6551-2010, 2010.

Li, G., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., Pandis, S. N., Canagaratna, M. R., and Molina, L. T.: Simulations of

organic aerosol concentrations in Mexico City using the WRF-CHEM model during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3789–3809, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3789-2011, 2011.

Lim, Y. B. and Ziemann, P. J.: Products and mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol formation from reactions of *n*-alkanes with OH radicals in the presence of NOₓ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 9229–9236, doi:10.1021/es051447g, 2005.

Lim, Y. B. and Ziemann, P. J.: Kinetics of the heterogeneous conversion of 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls to cyclic hemiacetals and dihydrofurans on organic aerosol particles, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8029–8039, doi:10.1039/b904333k, 2009.

Liu, S., Takahama, S., Russell, L. M., Gilardoni, S., and Baumgardner, D.: Oxygenated organic functional groups and their sources in single and submicron organic particles in MILAGRO 2006 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6849–6863, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6849-2009, 2009.

Madronich, S. and Flocke, S.: Theoretical estimation of biologically effective UV radiation at the Earth's surface, in: Solar Ultraviolet Radiation – Modeling, Measurements and Effects., edited by: Zerefos, C., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 23–48, 1997.

Middlebrook, A. M., Murphy, D. M., and Thomson, D. S.: Observations of organic material in individual marine particles at Cape Grim during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 16475–16483, doi:10.1029/97JD03719, 1998.

Molina, L. T., Madronich, S., Gaffney, J. S., Apel, E., de Foy, B., Fast, J., Ferrare, R., Herndon, S., Jimenez, J. L., Lamb, B., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., Russell, P., Schauer, J. J., Stevens, P. S., Volkamer, R., and Zavala, M.: An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8697–8760, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010, 2010.

Morgan, W. T., Allan, J. D., Bower, K. N., Highwood, E. J., Liu, D., McMeeking, G. R., Northway, M. J., Williams, P. I., Krejci, R., and Coe, H.: Airborne measurements of the spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition across Europe and evolution of the organic fraction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4065–4083, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4065-2010, 2010.

Mugica, V., Hernandez, S., Torres, M., and Garcia, R.: Seasonal Variation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure Levels in Mexico City, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 60, 548–555, doi:10.3155/1047-3289.60.5.548, 2010.

Myrdal, P. B. and Yalkowsky, S. H.: Estimating pure component vapor pressures of complex organic molecules, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 2494–2499, doi:10.1021/ie950242l, 1997.

Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from *m*-xylene, toluene, and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3909–3922, doi:10.5194/acp-7-3909-2007, 2007.

Odum, J. R., Hoffmann, T., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol yields, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2580–2585, doi:10.1021/es059043+, 1996.

Özel, M. Z., Ward, M. W., Hamilton, J. F., Lewis, A. C., Raventos-Duran, T., and Harrison, R. M.: Analysis of Organic Nitrogen Compounds in Urban Aerosol Samples Using GCxGC-TOF/MS, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 44, 109–116, doi:10.1080/02786820903410105, 2010.
Orlando, J. J., Tyndall, G. S., and Wallington, T. J.: The atmospheric chemistry of alkoxy radicals, Chem. Rev., 103, 4657–4689, doi:10.1021/cr020527p, 2003.

Pandis, S. N., Paulson, S. E., Seinfeld, J. H., and Flagan, R. C.: Aerosol formation in the photooxidation of isoprene and pinene, Atmos. Environ., 25A, 997–1008, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(91)90141-S, 1991.

Pandis, S. N., Harley, R. A., Cass, G. R., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation and transport, Atmos. Environ., 26A, 2269–2282, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90358-R, 1992.

Pankow, J. F.: An Absorption-Model of Gas-Particle Partitioning of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 28, 185–188, doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90093-9, 1994a.

Pankow, J. F.: An Absorption-Model of the Gas Aerosol Partitioning Involved in the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 28, 189–193, doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90094-9, 1994b.

Pankow, J. F., Seinfeld, J. H., Asher, W. E., and Erdakos, G. B.: Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol, 1. Application of theoretical principles to measurements obtained in the alpha-pinene/, beta-pinene/, sabinene/, Delta(3)-carene/, and cyclohexene/ozone systems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1164–1172, doi:10.1021/es001321d, 2001.

Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 709–742, 2006.

Presto, A. A., Miracolo, M. A., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Robinson, A. L., and Donahue, N. M.: Intermediate-volatility organic compounds: a potential source of ambient oxidized organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4744–4749, doi:10.1021/es803219q, 2009.

Presto, A. A., Miracolo, M. A., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from high-NOₓ photo-oxidation of low-volatility precursors: n-alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2029–2034, doi:10.1021/es903712r, 2010.

Pun, B. K. and Seigneur, C.: Investigative modeling of new pathways for secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2199–2216, doi:10.5194/acp-7-2199-2007, 2007.

Red de Meteorología y Radiación Solar, REDMET, available at: http://www.smadf.gob.mx/simat2/SistemadeMonitoreoAtmosferico, SIMAT, last access: March, 2009.

Rickard, A. R., Wyche, K. P., Metzger, A., Monks, P. S., Ellis, A. M., Dommen, J., Baltensperger, U., Jenkin, M. E., and Pilling, M. J.: Gas phase precursors to anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol: using the Master Chemical Mechanism to probe detailed observations of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photo-oxidation, Atmos. Environ., 44, 5423–5433, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.043, 2010.

Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S. N.: Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259–1262, doi:10.1126/science.1133061, 2007.

Rosenfeld, D., Lohmann, U., Raga, G. B., O'Dowd, C. D., Kulmala, M., Fuzzi, S., Reissell, A., and Andreae, M. O.: Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?, Science, 321, 1309–1313, doi:10.1126/science.1160606, 2008.

Russell, L. M., Bahadur, R., and Ziemann, P. J.: Identifying organic aerosol sources by comparing functional group composition in chamber and atmospheric particles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 3516–3521, doi:10.1073/pnas.1006461108, 2011.

Shakya, K. M. and Griffin, R. J.: Secondary Organic Aerosol from Photooxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 8134–8139, doi:10.1021/es1019417, 2010.

Shaw, W. J., Pekour, M. S., Coulter, R. L., Martin, T. J., and Walters, J. T.: The daytime mixing layer observed by radiosonde, profiler, and lidar during MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 15025–15065, doi:10.5194/acpd-7-15025-2007, 2007.

Shon, Z.-H., Madronich, S., Song, S.-K., Flocke, F. M., Knapp, D. J., Anderson, R. S., Shetter, R. E., Cantrell, C. A., Hall, S. R., and Tie, X.: Characteristics of the NO-NO₂-O₃ system in different chemical regimes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7153–7164, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7153-2008, 2008.

Stockwell, W. R., Kirchner, F., Kuhn, M., and Seefeld, S.: A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., D-22, 25847–25879, doi:10.1029/97JD00849, 1997.

Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Q., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Y. M., Ng, N. L., Sun, Y. L., Jayne, J. T., Zhang, X. C., Zhang, X. Y., and Worsnop, D. R.: Highly time- and size-resolved characterization of submicron aerosol particles in Beijing using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Atmos. Environ., 44, 131–140, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.020, 2010.

Szopa, S., Aumont, B., and Madronich, S.: Assessment of the reduction methods used to develop chemical schemes: building of a new chemical scheme for VOC oxidation suited to three-dimensional multiscale HOₓ-NOₓ-VOC chemistry simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2519–2538, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2519-2005, 2005.

Thompson, A. M., Yorks, J. E., Miller, S. K., Witte, J. C., Dougherty, K. M., Morris, G. A., Baumgardner, D., Ladino, L., and Rappenglück, B.: Tropospheric ozone sources and wave activity over Mexico City and Houston during MILAGRO/Intercontinental Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) Ozonesonde Network Study, 2006 (IONS-06), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5113–5125, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5113-2008, 2008.

Tie, X., Madronich, S., Li, G., Ying, Z., Weinheimer, A., Apel, E., and Campos, T.: Simulation of Mexico City plumes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign using the WRF-Chem model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4621–4638, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4621-2009, 2009.

Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Molina, L., Ulbrich, I. M., Jimenez, J. L., and Pandis, S. N.: Evaluation of the volatility basis-set approach for the simulation of organic aerosol formation in the Mexico City metropolitan area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 525–546, doi:10.5194/acp-10-525-2010, 2010.

Turpin, B. J., Huntzicker, J. J., Larson, S. M., and Cass, G. R.: Los-Angeles summer midday particulate carbon – primary and secondary aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1788–1793, doi:10.1021/es00022a017, 1991.

Valorso, R., Aumont, B., Camredon, M., Raventos-Duran, T., Mouchel-Vallon, C., Ng, N. L., Seinfeld, J. H., Lee-Taylor, J., and Madronich, S.: Explicit modelling of SOA formation from α-pinene photooxidation: sensitivity to vapor pressure estimation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6895–6910, doi:10.5194/acp-11-
Orlando, J. J., Tyndall, G. S., and Wallington, T. J.: The atmospheric chemistry of alkoxy radicals, Chem. Rev., 103, 4657–4689, doi:10.1021/cr020527p, 2003.

Pandis, S. N., Paulson, S. E., Seinfeld, J. H., and Flagan, R. C.: Aerosol formation in the photooxidation of isoprene and pinene, Atmos. Environ., 25A, 997–1008, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(91)90141-S, 1991.

Pandis, S. N., Harley, R. A., Cass, G. R., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation and transport, Atmos. Environ., 26A, 2269–2282, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90358-R, 1992.

Pankow, J. F.: An Absorption-Model of Gas-Particle Partitioning of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 28, 185–188, doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90093-9, 1994a.

Pankow, J. F.: An Absorption-Model of the Gas Aerosol Partitioning Involved in the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 28, 189–193, doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90094-9, 1994b.

Pankow, J. F., Seinfeld, J. H., Asher, W. E., and Erdakos, G. B.: Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol, 1. Application of theoretical principles to measurements obtained in the alpha-pinene/, beta-pinene/, sabinene/, Delta(3)-carene/, and cyclohexene/ozone systems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1164–1172, doi:10.1021/es001321d, 2001.

Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 709–742, 2006.

Presto, A. A., Miracolo, M. A., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Robinson, A. L., and Donahue, N. M.: Intermediate-volatility organic compounds: a potential source of ambient oxidized organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 4744–4749, doi:10.1021/es803219q, 2009.

Presto, A. A., Miracolo, M. A., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from high-NOₓ photo-oxidation of low-volatility precursors: n-alkanes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2029–2034, doi:10.1021/es903712r, 2010.

Pun, B. K. and Seigneur, C.: Investigative modeling of new pathways for secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2199–2216, doi:10.5194/acp-7-2199-2007, 2007.

Red de Meteorología y Radiación Solar, REDMET, available at: http://www.smadf.gob.mx/simat2/SistemaMonitoreoAtmosferico, SIMAT, last access: March, 2009.

Rickard, A. R., Wyche, K. P., Metzger, A., Monks, P. S., Ellis, A. M., Dommen, J., Baltensperger, U., Jenkin, M. E., and Pilling, M. J.: Gas phase precursors to anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol: using the Master Chemical Mechanism to probe detailed observations of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photo-oxidation, Atmos. Environ., 44, 5423–5433, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.043, 2010.

Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S. N.: Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259–1262, doi:10.1126/science.1133061, 2007.

Rosenfeld, D., Lohmann, U., Raga, G. B., O'Dowd, C. D., Kulmala, M., Fuzzi, S., Reissell, A., and Andreae, M. O.: Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?, Science, 321, 1309–1313, doi:10.1126/science.1160606, 2008.

Russell, L. M., Bahadur, R., and Ziemann, P. J.: Identifying organic aerosol sources by comparing functional group composition in chamber and atmospheric particles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 3516–3521, doi:10.1073/pnas.1006461108, 2011.

Shakya, K. M. and Griffin, R. J.: Secondary Organic Aerosol from Photooxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 8134–8139, doi:10.1021/es1019417, 2010.

Shaw, W. J., Pekour, M. S., Coulter, R. L., Martin, T. J., and Walters, J. T.: The daytime mixing layer observed by radiosonde, profiler, and lidar during MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 15025–15065, doi:10.5194/acpd-7-15025-2007, 2007.

Shon, Z.-H., Madronich, S., Song, S.-K., Flocke, F. M., Knapp, D. J., Anderson, R. S., Shetter, R. E., Cantrell, C. A., Hall, S. R., and Tie, X.: Characteristics of the NO-NO₂-O₃ system in different chemical regimes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7153–7164, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7153-2008, 2008.

Stockwell, W. R., Kirchner, F., Kuhn, M., and Seefeld, S.: A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., D-22, 25847–25879, doi:10.1029/97JD00849, 1997.

Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Q., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Y. M., Ng, N. L., Sun, Y. L., Jayne, J. T., Zhang, X. C., Zhang, X. Y., and Worsnop, D. R.: Highly time- and size-resolved characterization of submicron aerosol particles in Beijing using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Atmos. Environ., 44, 131–140, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.020, 2010.

Szopa, S., Aumont, B., and Madronich, S.: Assessment of the reduction methods used to develop chemical schemes: building of a new chemical scheme for VOC oxidation suited to three-dimensional multiscale HOₓ-NOₓ-VOC chemistry simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2519–2538, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2519-2005, 2005.

Thompson, A. M., Yorks, J. E., Miller, S. K., Witte, J. C., Dougherty, K. M., Morris, G. A., Baumgardner, D., Ladino, L., and Rappenglück, B.: Tropospheric ozone sources and wave activity over Mexico City and Houston during MILAGRO/Intercontinental Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) Ozonesonde Network Study, 2006 (IONS-06), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5113–5125, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5113-2008, 2008.

Tie, X., Madronich, S., Li, G., Ying, Z., Weinheimer, A., Apel, E., and Campos, T.: Simulation of Mexico City plumes during the MIRAGE-Mex field campaign using the WRF-Chem model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4621–4638, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4621-2009, 2009.

Tsimpidi, A. P., Karydis, V. A., Zavala, M., Lei, W., Molina, L., Ulbrich, I. M., Jimenez, J. L., and Pandis, S. N.: Evaluation of the volatility basis-set approach for the simulation of organic aerosol formation in the Mexico City metropolitan area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 525–546, doi:10.5194/acp-10-525-2010, 2010.

Turpin, B. J., Huntzicker, J. J., Larson, S. M., and Cass, G. R.: Los-Angeles summer midday particulate carbon – primary and secondary aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1788–1793, doi:10.1021/es00022a017, 1991.

Valorso, R., Aumont, B., Camredon, M., Raventos-Duran, T., Mouchel-Vallon, C., Ng, N. L., Seinfeld, J. H., Lee-Taylor, J., and Madronich, S.: Explicit modelling of SOA formation from α-pinene photooxidation: sensitivity to vapor pressure estimation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6895–6910, doi:10.5194/acp-11-
6895-2011, 2011.

Verwer, J. G.: Gauss-Seidel iteration for stiff ODEs from chemical kinetics, SIAM J. Sci. Computing, 15, 1243–1250 1994.

Verwer, J. G., Blom, J. G., Van Loon, M., and Spee, E. J.: A comparison of stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems, Atmos. Environ., 30, 49–58, doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00283-5, 1996.

Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J. L., San Martini, F., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17811, doi:10.1029/2006GL026899, 2006.

Williams, B. J., Goldstein, A. H., Kreisberg, N. M., and Hering, S. V.: In situ measurements of gas/particle transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6676–6681, doi:10.1073/pnas.0911858107, 2010.

Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols in Pittsburgh: insights into sources and processes of organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3289–3311, doi:10.5194/acp-5-3289-2005, 2005.

Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., DeCarlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/2007GL029979, 2007.
6895-2011, 2011.

Verwer, J. G.: Gauss-Seidel iteration for stiff ODEs from chemical kinetics, SIAM J. Sci. Computing, 15, 1243–1250 1994.

Verwer, J. G., Blom, J. G., Van Loon, M., and Spee, E. J.: A comparison of stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems, Atmos. Environ., 30, 49–58, doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00283-5, 1996.

Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J. L., San Martini, F., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17811, doi:10.1029/2006GL026899, 2006.

Williams, B. J., Goldstein, A. H., Kreisberg, N. M., and Hering, S. V.: In situ measurements of gas/particle transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6676–6681, doi:10.1073/pnas.0911858107, 2010.

Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Hydrocarbon-like and oxygenated organic aerosols in Pittsburgh: insights into sources and processes of organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3289–3311, doi:10.5194/acp-5-3289-2005, 2005.

Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., DeCarlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/2007GL029979, 2007.