lectotype designated by Delprete (1999a: 86); isolectotypes, F [Acc. No. 875060], GH [barcode 00057420]).

52. **SABICEA** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 192. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1101:
“52-1. *Sabicea brasiliensis* Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 51. 1914. Muitos síntipos: Brasil, Estados de Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás: “*Burchell* 5136, 6532, 7035, 8061, 8383; *Gardner* 3225”; Bolívia, muitas coletas.”

Accepted name: *Sabicea brasiliensis* Wernham

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: town of Goiás, s.d., W.J. *Burchell* 6532 (K [barcode K000172688], lectotype here designated; isolectotypes, BR [barcode 000000562057], GH [barcode 00312828]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea brasiliensis* Wernham, Wernham (1914) cited numerous gatherings from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, Goiás, and from Bolivia, deposited at K, B, BR, G, G-DC, S, and P. On a sheet at K are mounted three branches belonging to two different gatherings, which are assigned two different barcodes. The two branches of *Burchell* 6532 affixed on the left side and upper portion of sheet, have barcode K000172688. On the upper left corner is affixed a label with the annotation “Sabicea brasiliensis Wernham! non S. cana Hook., Determinavit Wernham 11.XII.12” handwritten by Wernham. Those two branches are here designated the lectotype of *Sabicea brasiliensis*.

On a sheet at BR with barcode 000000562057, are affixed two branches of *Burchell* 6532, and a label with the annotation “Brasilia: prope urbem Goyaz, Communi- nic. H. Kewense 1867, Burchell nº 6532. This specimen is an isolectotype of *Sabicea brasiliensis*.

On a GH sheet are affixed two branches of two different gatherings. The branch on the left side of the sheet, with barcode 00312828, belong to the gathering *Burchell* 6532, and is an isolectotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1113:
“52-2. *Sabicea grisea* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 192. 1829. Tipo: Brasil, *Sellow* 328 (holótipo, B*, foto em NY).”

Accepted name: *Sabicea grisea* Cham. & Schltdl.

Type: BRAZIL. Without locality, s.d., *F. Sellow* 328 (F [Acc. No. 607143, barcode F0071060], lectotype here designated).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea grisea* Cham. & Schltdl., Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1829b: 192) cited the material studied as “In Brasilia aequinotiali legit Sellow” without citing the collection number. The original material at B was destroyed during WWII. A photograph of that specimen, negative F0BN000303, shows that its label had the annotation “328. Sabicea grisea N., Linnaea 4. p. 192. Sellow. Brasilia aequinotialis.”

To my knowledge, the only extant specimen of *Sellow* 328 is at F. On the F sheet, with accession No. 607143, an envelope is affixed containing fragments extracted from the original B specimen. In the envelope, is included a portion of a leaf, a portion of a stem, and a single loose fruit crowned by a permanent calyx. On the sheet, the photograph of the destroyed B specimen is also affixed. The fragments in the envelope are sufficient to clarify the application of the name due to the characteristic vestiture of the parts. That specimen is here designated the lectotype of this name.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1117:
“52-3. *Sabicea humilis* S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, 4: 369. 1893. Síntipos: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz [Barra do Bugres, ca. 15°04'S, 57°10'W, IX/1891], S. *Mooré* 472 (BM, K, NY), Santa Anna da Chapada, s.d., *Malle* 2071 (BM, K, P); Minas Gerais, Quartel de Biribiry, s.d., *Glaziou* 19420a (BM, P).”

Accepted name: *Sabicea humilis* S. Moore

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santa Cruz, 1891-1892, S. *Moore* 472 (holotype BM [barcode BM000827942]; isotypes, K [barcode K000424283], NY [barcode 00133263]),

**Notes:** Delprete's (2010c: 1117) citation of the publication year of *Sabicea humilis* S. Moore as "1893" is a typographical error, and the citation of other gatherings as syntypes is an error that stemmed from the additional gatherings cited by Wernham (1914: 39) in his *Sabicea* monograph, which are not original material. In the protologue of S. *humilis*, Moore (1895: 369) cited the sole gathering "Ad Santa Cruz floret mens. Nov. (N. 472)." According to Stafleu and Cowan (1981: 570) Moore's types are at BM. The specimen *Moore* 472 at BM, barcode BM000827942, is the holotype of *Sabicea humilis*, and the duplicates in K and NY are isotypes.
lectotype designated by Delprete (1999a: 86); isolectotypes, F [Acc. No. 875060], GH [barcode 00057420]).

52. **SABICEA** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 192. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1101:

"52-1. *Sabicea brasiliensis* Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 51. 1914. Muitos síntipos: Brasil, Estados de Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás: "*Burchell* 5136, 6532, 7035, 8061, 8383; *Gardner* 3225"; Bolívia, muitas coletas."

**Accepted name:** *Sabicea brasiliensis* Wernham

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: town of Goiás, s.d., W.J. *Burchell* 6532 (K [barcode K000172688], **lectotype here designated**; isolectotypes, BR [barcode 000000562057], GH [barcode 00312828]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea brasiliensis* Wernham, Wernham (1914) cited numerous gatherings from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, Goiás, and from Bolivia, deposited at K, B, BR, G, G-DC, S, and P. On a sheet at K are mounted three branches belonging to two different gatherings, which are assigned two different barcodes. The two branches of *Burchell* 6532 affixed on the left side and upper portion of sheet, have barcode K000172688. On the upper left corner is affixed a label with the annotation "Sabicea brasiliensis Wernham! non S. cana Hook., Determinavit Wernham. 11.XII.12" handwritten by Wernham. Those two branches are here designated the lectotype of *Sabicea brasiliensis*.

On a sheet at BR with barcode 000000562057, are affixed two branches of *Burchell* 6532, and a label with the annotation "Brasilia: prope urbem Goyaz, Communi- nic. H. Kewense 1867, Burchell nº 6532. This specimen is an isolectotype of *Sabicea brasiliensis*.

On a GH sheet are affixed two branches of two different gatherings. The branch on the left side of the sheet, with barcode 00312828, belong to the gathering *Burchell* 6532, and is an isolectotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1113:

"52-2. *Sabicea grisea* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 192. 1829. Tipo: Brasil, *Sellow* 328 (holótipo, B*, foto em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Sabicea grisea* Cham. & Schltdl.

Type: BRAZIL. Without locality, s.d., *F. Sellow* 328 (F [Acc. No. 607143, barcode F0071060], **lectotype here designated**).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea grisea* Cham. & Schltdl., Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1829b: 192) cited the material studied as "In Brasilia aequinotiali legit Sellow" without citing the collection number. The original material at B was destroyed during WWII. A photograph of that specimen, negative F0BN000303, shows that its label had the annotation "328. Sabicea grisea N., Linnaea 4. p. 192. Sellow. Brasilia aequinotialis."

To my knowledge, the only extant specimen of *Sellow* 328 is at F. On the F sheet, with accession No. 607143, an envelope is affixed containing fragments extracted from the original B specimen. In the envelope, is included a portion of a leaf, a portion of a stem, and a single loose fruit crowned by a permanent calyx. On the sheet, the photograph of the destroyed B specimen is also affixed. The fragments in the envelope are sufficient to clarify the application of the name due to the characteristic vestiture of the parts. That specimen is here designated the lectotype of this name.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1117:

"52-3. *Sabicea humilis* S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, 4: 369. 1893. Síntipos: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz [Barra do Bugres, ca. 15°04'S, 57°10'W, IX/1891], S. *Moor* 472 (BM, K, NY), Santa Anna da Chapada, s.d., *Malo* 2071 (BM, K, P); Minas Gerais, Quartel de Biribiry, s.d., *Glaziou* 19420a (BM, P)."

**Accepted name:** *Sabicea humilis* S.Moore

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santa Cruz, 1891-1892, S. *Moore* 472 (holotype BM [barcode BM000827942]; isotypes, K [barcode K000424283], NY [barcode 00133263]),

**Notes:** Delprete's (2010c: 1117) citation of the publication year of *Sabicea humilis* S. Moore as "1893" is a typographical error, and the citation of other gatherings as syntypes is an error that stemmed from the additional gatherings cited by Wernham (1914: 39) in his *Sabicea* monograph, which are not original material. In the protologue of S. *humilis*, Moore (1895: 369) cited the sole gathering "Ad Santa Cruz floret mens. Nov. (N. 472)." According to Stafleu and Cowan (1981: 570) Moore's types are at BM. The specimen *Moore* 472 at BM, barcode BM000827942, is the holotype of *Sabicea humilis*, and the duplicates in K and NY are isotypes.
FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1117:

**Synonym:**

"*Sabicea humilis* S. Moore var. *lanceolata* Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea: 39. 1914, **syn. nov.** Síntipos: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz [Barra do Bugres, ca. 15º04'S, 57º10'W, IX/1891], S. *Moore 794* (BM, K); Cuiabá, *Malme 2684* (BM, K)."

**Correct bibliographic reference:** *Sabicea humilis* S. Moore var. *lanceolata* S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, 4: 370. 1895.

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santa Cruz [now Barra do Bugres, ca. 15º04'S, 57º10'W], s.d. [Sep. 1891], S. *Moore 794* (BM [barcode BM000827941], **lectotype here designated**; isolectotype K n.v. [barcode unknown]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea humilis* var. *lanceolata* S. Moore, Moore (1895: 370) cited the gathering *Moore 794*. On a BM sheet are mounted two different gatherings, which are assigned two different barcodes. On the right side of the sheet are affixed two branches, with barcode BM000827941, that belong to the gathering *Moore 794*, near them is affixed a label with the annotation "No. 794 [...] Sta. Cruz, December" handwritten by Moore. This specimen is here designated the lectotype of *S. humilis* var. *lanceolata*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1117:

**Synonym:**

"*Sabicea moorei* Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea: 39. 1914, **syn. nov.** Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, *R. Sladen 687* (holótipo, BM; isótipo, K)."

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santa Anna da Chapada [Now the town of Chapada dos Guimarães], 2 Nov. 1902, A. *Robert 687* (BM [barcode BM000827934], **lectotype here designated**; isolectotype, K n.v. [barcode unknown]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea moorei* Wernham, Wernham (1914: 39) cited the gathering "Brasil: Matto Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, *Sladen 687*! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew." That gathering was not collected by "Sladen" as errouneously reported by Wernham, but was instead collected by A. Robert, hence that collection should be cited as *A. Robert 687*. On a specimen at BM, with barcode BM000827934, are affixed two branches, and a label with the printed text "Percy Sladen Expedition 1902-3, Central Brazil, Coll. A. Robert, Presented by Mrs. Sladen" and the handwritten annotation "Nº

687, S. Anna da Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2.11.02." At the bottom of the sheet is the penciled annotation "Sabicea Moorei Wernham!" handwritten by Wernham. That specimen is here designated the lectotype of this name.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1120:

"52-4. *Sabicea villosa* Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. Tipo: Venezuela, Río Orinoco, V/1800 (fl), *Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (holótipo, B-Willd.)."

**Accepted name:** *Sabicea villosa* Roem. & Schult.

**Correct authority and type citation:** *Sabicea villosa* Willd. in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. Tipo: VENEZUELA: Río Orinoco, May 1800 (fl), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humbold s.n. (holotype, B-W [barcode B -W 04164 -00 0]).

**Notes:** The authority of *Sabicea villosa* has often been cited as "Willd. ex Roem. & Schult." In the original publication, under that binomial is cited the unpublished name "Schwenkfeldia villosa Willd." Therefore, the Willdenow authority should be excluded from this binomial.

The Swiss botanist Johann Jakob Roemer (1763-1819) died on 15 January 1819. Stafleu and Cowan (1983: 848), interpreted the sentence "Volumen quintum. Inceptum a Joanne Jacobo Roemer ... post ejus obitum continuatum a Jos. Augusto Schultes..." in the title page of the fifth volume *Systema Vegatabilium* as an indication that Joseph August Schultes is the sole author of that volume. However, that sentence should be translated as "Fifth volume. Started by Johann Jakob Roemer ... continued after his death by Joseph August Schultes." Therefore, as stated in that sentence, Roemer worked on the text of the fifth volume, and his authority is here maintained for the new names published in that volume.

Roemer and Schultes (1819: 265) cited the material studied of *Sabicea villosa* as "In America. Humb. et Bonpl." The holotype of *S. villosa* at B-W, barcode B -W 04164 -00 0, was annotated as "Schwenkfeldia cinerea (W.)" by Willdenow, and as "Sabicea hirsuta H.B.K." by Kunth, certainly after 1820, when he returned to Berlin. No information regarding the collection locality is present on the specimen. The specimen folder is also annotated as "Schwenkfeldia cinerea" by Willdenow. This specimen is also the isotype of *Sabicea hirsuta* Kunth (see below).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1120:

**Synonym:**

"*Sabicea hirsuta* Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl., Nov.
FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1117:

**Synonym:**

"*Sabicea humilis* S. Moore var. *lanceolata* Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea: 39. 1914, **syn. nov.** Síntipos: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz [Barra do Bugres, ca. 15º04'S, 57º10'W, IX/1891], S. *Moore 794* (BM, K); Cuiabá, *Malme 2684* (BM, K)."

**Correct bibliographic reference:** *Sabicea humilis* S. Moore var. *lanceolata* S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, 4: 370. 1895.

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santa Cruz [now Barra do Bugres, ca. 15°04'S, 57°10'W], s.d. [Sep. 1891], S. *Moore 794* (BM [barcode BM000827941], **lectotype here designated**; isolectotype K n.v. [barcode unknown]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea humilis* var. *lanceolata* S. Moore, Moore (1895: 370) cited the gathering *Moore 794*. On a BM sheet are mounted two different gatherings, which are assigned two different barcodes. On the right side of the sheet are affixed two branches, with barcode BM000827941, that belong to the gathering *Moore 794*, near them is affixed a label with the annotation "No. 794 [...] Sta. Cruz, December" handwritten by Moore. This specimen is here designated the lectotype of *S. humilis* var. *lanceolata*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1117:

**Synonym:**

"*Sabicea moorei* Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea: 39. 1914, **syn. nov.** Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, *R. Sladen 687* (holótipo, BM; isótipo, K)."

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Santa Anna da Chapada [Now the town of Chapada dos Guimarães], 2 Nov. 1902, A. *Robert 687* (BM [barcode BM000827934], **lectotype here designated**; isolectotype, K n.v. [barcode unknown]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea moorei* Wernham, Wernham (1914: 39) cited the gathering "Brasil: Matto Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, *Sladen 687*! Hbb. Mus. Brit., Kew." That gathering was not collected by "Sladen" as errouneously reported by Wernham, but was instead collected by A. Robert, hence that collection should be cited as *A. Robert 687*. On a specimen at BM, with barcode BM000827934, are affixed two branches, and a label with the printed text "Percy Sladen Expedition 1902-3, Central Brazil, Coll. A. Robert, Presented by Mrs. Sladen" and the handwritten annotation "Nº

687, S. Anna da Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2.11.02." At the bottom of the sheet is the penciled annotation "Sabicea Moorei Wernham!" handwritten by Wernham. That specimen is here designated the lectotype of this name.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1120:

"52-4. *Sabicea villosa* Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. Tipo: Venezuela, Río Orinoco, V/1800 (fl), *Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (holótipo, B-Willd.)."

**Accepted name:** *Sabicea villosa* Roem. & Schult.

**Correct authority and type citation:** *Sabicea villosa* Willd. in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. Tipo: VENEZUELA: Río Orinoco, May 1800 (fl), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humbold s.n. (holotype, B-W [barcode B -W 04164 -00 0]).

**Notes:** The authority of *Sabicea villosa* has often been cited as "Willd. ex Roem. & Schult." In the original publication, under that binomial is cited the unpublished name "Schwenkfeldia villosa Willd." Therefore, the Willdenow authority should be excluded from this binomial.

The Swiss botanist Johann Jakob Roemer (1763-1819) died on 15 January 1819. Stafleu and Cowan (1983: 848), interpreted the sentence "Volumen quintum. Inceptum a Joanne Jacobo Roemer ... post ejus obitum continuatum a Jos. Augusto Schultes..." in the title page of the fifth volume *Systema Vegatabilium* as an indication that Joseph August Schultes is the sole author of that volume. However, that sentence should be translated as "Fifth volume. Started by Johann Jakob Roemer ... continued after his death by Joseph August Schultes." Therefore, as stated in that sentence, Roemer worked on the text of the fifth volume, and his authority is here maintained for the new names published in that volume.

Roemer and Schultes (1819: 265) cited the material studied of *Sabicea villosa* as "In America. Humb. et Bonpl." The holotype of *S. villosa* at B-W, barcode B -W 04164 -00 0, was annotated as "Schwenkfeldia cinerea (W.)" by Willdenow, and as "Sabicea hirsuta H.B.K." by Kunth, certainly after 1820, when he returned to Berlin. No information regarding the collection locality is present on the specimen. The specimen folder is also annotated as "Schwenkfeldia cinerea" by Willdenow. This specimen is also the isotype of *Sabicea hirsuta* Kunth (see below).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1120:

**Synonym:**

"*Sabicea hirsuta* Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl., Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. Mar. 1820. – *Schwenkfeldia hirsuta* (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 765. 1825.”

Type: VENEZUELA: Río Orinoco, May 1800 (fl), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humbold s.n. (holotype, P-Bonpl. [barcode P00662764]; isotype B-W [barcode B -W 04164 -00 0]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea hirsuta* Kunth, Kunth (1820: 417) cited the collection locality of the material studied as "Crescit in ripa Orinoci fluminis. Floret Majo." The holotype specimen of this name is in P-Bonpl., with barcode P00662764, and is annotated as "Sabicea hirsuta mihi" by Kunth. No information regarding the collection locality is present on the sheet. Sprengel (1825: 765) published the new combination *Schwenkfeldia hirsuta* (Kunth) Spreng., and cited "Schwenkfeldia villosa W. herb., Sabicea hirsuta Kunth" as synonyms.

53. **SERISSA** Commers. ex A.L.Juss., Gen. 209. 1789.

**Accepted generic name:** **BUCHOZIA** L'Hér., *Buchozia* [unpaginated]. Jul.-Dec. 1788.

**Notes:** For further explanation regarding the priority of *Buchozia* L'Hér. over *Serissa* Commers. ex A.L.Juss. and the typification of *Lycium japonicum* Thunb., see Lack et al. (2021).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1125:

"53-1. *Serissa japonica* (Thunb.) Thunb., Nov. Gen. Pl. 9: 132. 1798. - *Lycium japonicum* Thunb., Nov. Act. Roy. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 207. 1780. Tipo: Japão, Coletor Desconhecido (holótipo LINN)."

**Accepted name:** *Buchozia japonica* (Thunb.) Callm. in Lack, Böhme & Callmander, Candollea 76(1): 162. 2021.

Type: JAPAN: "prope Nagasaki et alibi vulgare", s.d., C.P. Thunberg s.n. (UPS-THUNB nº 5316, lectotype designated by Callmander and Lack in Lack et al. (2021: 162); isotype types MPU [MPU014200], UPS-THUNB nº 5317, UPS-THUNB nº 5318).

54. **SIMIRA** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 170, pl. 65. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1130:

"54-1. *Simira corumbensis* (Standl.) Steyerm., Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 23: 306. 1972. - *Sickingia corumbensis* Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 270. 1936. Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, "in silva subruderali clara", 20/XII/1902 (fl, fr), G.O.A. *Malme* 2733 (holótipo, S)."

**Accepted name:** *Simira corumbensis* (Standl.) Steyerm.

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, "in silva subruderali clara," 20 Dec. 1902 (fl, fr), G.O.A. *Malme* 2733 (holotype, S [Acc. No. S04-31]; isotype F [Acc. No. 646808]; isotype fragment F [ex S, Acc. No. 638799]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1130:

**Synonym:**

"*Simira pilosa* M.R. Barbosa & A.L. Peixoto, Acta Amazon. 19: 35, fig. 3. 1989, **syn. nov.** Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, estr. Cuiabá-Cuiabá de Larga, X/1914 (fl), *J.G. Kuhlman* 1518 (holótipo, SP)."

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, estr. Cuiabá-Cuiabá de Larga, Oct. 1914 (fl), *J.G. Kuhlmann* [Herb. Com. Rondon] 1518 [SP Acc. No. 35110] (holotype, SP [barcode SP002741]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1134:

"54-2. *Simira rubescens* (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 301. 1972. - *Sprucea rubescens* Benth., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 230. 1853. Tipo: Brasil, Amazonas, "ad oram meridionalem fl. Amazonum, ad ostium fl. Solimões, ad Gapó do Manaquiry", *Spruce 1601* (holótipo, K; isótipos, M n.v., NY; foto-M em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Simira rubescens* (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.

Type: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Solimões [Amazon River], "Manaquiry-gapó, June 1851", *R. Spruce 1601* (K [barcode K000173875], lectotype here designated; isotype types, E [barcode E00265908], FI-Webb [barcode FI004802], G [2 sheets, barcodes G00436765, G00436766], GOET [barcode GOET010529], K [K000173876], M [barcode M-0189381], MO [Acc. No. 1606131], MPU [barcode MPU021288], NY [barcode 00133356], P [2 sheets, barcodes P02428078, P02428079], RB [2 sheets, barcodes RB00363995, RB00881032], S [Acc.
Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. Mar. 1820. – *Schwenkfeldia hirsuta* (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 765. 1825.”

Type: VENEZUELA: Río Orinoco, May 1800 (fl), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humbold s.n. (holotype, P-Bonpl. [barcode P00662764]; isotype B-W [barcode B -W 04164 -00 0]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Sabicea hirsuta* Kunth, Kunth (1820: 417) cited the collection locality of the material studied as "Crescit in ripa Orinoci fluminis. Floret Majo." The holotype specimen of this name is in P-Bonpl., with barcode P00662764, and is annotated as "Sabicea hirsuta mihi" by Kunth. No information regarding the collection locality is present on the sheet. Sprengel (1825: 765) published the new combination *Schwenkfeldia hirsuta* (Kunth) Spreng., and cited "Schwenkfeldia villosa W. herb., Sabicea hirsuta Kunth" as synonyms.

53. **SERISSA** Commers. ex A.L.Juss., Gen. 209. 1789.

**Accepted generic name:** **BUCHOZIA** L'Hér., *Buchozia* [unpaginated]. Jul.-Dec. 1788.

**Notes:** For further explanation regarding the priority of *Buchozia* L'Hér. over *Serissa* Commers. ex A.L.Juss. and the typification of *Lycium japonicum* Thunb., see Lack et al. (2021).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1125:

"53-1. *Serissa japonica* (Thunb.) Thunb., Nov. Gen. Pl. 9: 132. 1798. - *Lycium japonicum* Thunb., Nov. Act. Roy. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 207. 1780. Tipo: Japão, Coletor Desconhecido (holótipo LINN)."

**Accepted name:** *Buchozia japonica* (Thunb.) Callm. in Lack, Böhme & Callmander, Candollea 76(1): 162. 2021.

Type: JAPAN: "prope Nagasaki et alibi vulgare", s.d., C.P. Thunberg s.n. (UPS-THUNB nº 5316, lectotype designated by Callmander and Lack in Lack et al. (2021: 162); isotype types MPU [MPU014200], UPS-THUNB nº 5317, UPS-THUNB nº 5318).

54. **SIMIRA** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 170, pl. 65. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1130:

"54-1. *Simira corumbensis* (Standl.) Steyerm., Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 23: 306. 1972. - *Sickingia corumbensis* Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 270. 1936. Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, "in silva subruderali clara", 20/XII/1902 (fl, fr), G.O.A. *Malme* 2733 (holótipo, S)."

**Accepted name:** *Simira corumbensis* (Standl.) Steyerm.

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, "in silva subruderali clara," 20 Dec. 1902 (fl, fr), G.O.A. *Malme* 2733 (holotype, S [Acc. No. S04-31]; isotype F [Acc. No. 646808]; isotype fragment F [ex S, Acc. No. 638799]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1130:

**Synonym:**

"*Simira pilosa* M.R. Barbosa & A.L. Peixoto, Acta Amazon. 19: 35, fig. 3. 1989, **syn. nov.** Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, estr. Cuiabá-Cuiabá de Larga, X/1914 (fl), *J.G. Kuhlman* 1518 (holótipo, SP)."

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, estr. Cuiabá-Cuiabá de Larga, Oct. 1914 (fl), *J.G. Kuhlmann* [Herb. Com. Rondon] 1518 [SP Acc. No. 35110] (holotype, SP [barcode SP002741]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1134:

"54-2. *Simira rubescens* (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 301. 1972. - *Sprucea rubescens* Benth., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 230. 1853. Tipo: Brasil, Amazonas, "ad oram meridionalem fl. Amazonum, ad ostium fl. Solimões, ad Gapó do Manaquiry", *Spruce 1601* (holótipo, K; isótipos, M n.v., NY; foto-M em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Simira rubescens* (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.

Type: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Solimões [Amazon River], "Manaquiry-gapó, June 1851", *R. Spruce 1601* (K [barcode K000173875], lectotype here designated; isotype types, E [barcode E00265908], FI-Webb [barcode FI004802], G [2 sheets, barcodes G00436765, G00436766], GOET [barcode GOET010529], K [K000173876], M [barcode M-0189381], MO [Acc. No. 1606131], MPU [barcode MPU021288], NY [barcode 00133356], P [2 sheets, barcodes P02428078, P02428079], RB [2 sheets, barcodes RB00363995, RB00881032], S [Acc. 54-1. *Simira corumbensis* (Standl.) Steyerm., Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 23: 306. 1972. - *Sickingia corumbensis* Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 270. 1936. Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, "in silva subruderali clara", 20/XII/1902 (fl, fr), G.O.A. *Malme* 2733 (holótipo, S)."
No. S 04-29], TCD [barcode TCD0005622]; isolectotype fragments F [Acc. Nos. 870939, 635088)].

**Notes:** Bentham (1853: 230), in the protologue of *Sprucea rubescens* Benth., cited the collection date and locality as "gathered in June, 1851, in the gapó at Manacquiry, on the south shore of the Amazon, at the mouth of the Solimões" and did not cite any specimen or herbarium of deposit. The original specimens associated with this name, present in numerous herbaria, show that the gathering examined by Bentham is *Sprucea 1601*. At K, where Bentham worked, there are two original specimens of *Spruce 1601*. The K specimen with barcode K000173875 has the stamp "Herbarium Benthamianum, 1854", and a label with the plant description handwritten by Spruce, along with collection date of June 1851 and the locality "Manacquiry-gapó." On that same label is also present the annotation "Sprucea rubescens Benth. in Kew Journ." handwritten by Bentham. Specimen K000173875 is here designated the lectotype of *S. rubescens*.

The K specimen with barcode K000173876 has the stamp "Herbarium Hookerianum, 1867" and a label with the printed text "Ad oram meridionalem flum. Amazonum, ad ostium flum. Solimões, coll. R. Spruce, Jun. 1851" and the handwritten annotation "1601, Sprucea rubescens Benth. Gen. nov." That specimen is an isotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1134:

**Synonyms:**

*Macrocnemum tinctorium* Willd. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 5: 6. Dec. 1819. - *Condaminea tinctoria* (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 4: 402. 1830. - *Sickingia tinctoria* (Willd.) K. Schum. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 228. 1889, non *Simira tinctoria* Aubl., 1775.

Type: VENEZUELA. Orinoco, inter Encaramada et Carichana (Missiones del Orinoco), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humboldt 826 (holotype B-W [barcode B -W 03925 -01 0]); isotype, P-Bonpl. [barcode P00671149]).

*Macrocnemum tinctorium* Kunth in Humboldt and Bonpland, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 399 (ed. quarto). 13 Mar. 1820, *nom. illeg. homon*.

Type: VENEZUELA. Orinoco, inter Encaramada et Carichana (Missiones del Orinoco), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humboldt 826 (holotype, P-Bonpl. [barcode P00671149]); isotype, B-W [barcode B -W 03925 -01 0]).

**Notes:** For additional information about the types of *Macrocnemum tinctorium* Willd. and *M. tinctorium* Kunth, see Kirkbride and Wiersema (2020).

55. **SIPANEA** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 147. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1141:
> "55-1. *Sipanea hispida* Benth. ex Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 173. 1917. Tipo: Brasil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, s.d., *R. Spruce 2051* (holótipo, BM)."

**Accepted name:** *Sipanea hispida* Benth. ex Wernham

Type: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Jan.–Aug. 1852, *R. Spruce 2051* (first-step lectotype designated by Steyermark (1967: 279); BM [barcode 000614346], second-step lectotype designated by Delprete (2022: 129–130); isolectotypes, E [barcode E00505240], F [Acc. No. 767786], FI-Webb [barcode FI004807], G [2 sheets; G00436761, G00436762], K [without barcode], LD [barcode 1220003], M [barcode M-0189372], NY [barcode 00133313], P [barcode P00748149], RB [Acc. No. 17401, barcode 00543715]; frag F [Acc. No. 635362]; photo-K at NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1141:

**Synonyms:**

*Sipanea trianae* Wernham in J. Bot. 55: 174. 1917.

Type: COLOMBIA. [Villavicencio, Susumuco, 400 m, 1000 m; see Kirkbride (1982: 305)], s.d. (fl, fr), *J.J. Triana* 1776 (3248.1) (holotype BM [barcode 000614328]; isotypes COL [barcode COL000163865] E [barcode 00285373], P [barcode P00748116 "entre Susumuco y Villa Vicencio"], US [Acc. No. 1481047, barcode 00137730]; photo-US, photo-K and photo-BM at NY).

*"Sipanea brasiliensis"* Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 174. 1917.

Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: on a dry bank near Sabara, Sep. [1840] (fl, fr), *G. Gardner* 5009 (holotype, BM [barcode 000614348]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1150:

"55-2. *Sipanea veris* S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. II., 4: 368. 1895. Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Rio dos Bugres, "itaque ad confluentes fl. Paraguay et dos Bugres prope Santa Cruz", 1891-1892, *S. Moore* 435 (holótipo, BM)."
No. S 04-29], TCD [barcode TCD0005622]; isolectotype fragments F [Acc. Nos. 870939, 635088)].

**Notes:** Bentham (1853: 230), in the protologue of *Sprucea rubescens* Benth., cited the collection date and locality as "gathered in June, 1851, in the gapó at Manaquiry, on the south shore of the Amazon, at the mouth of the Solimões" and did not cite any specimen or herbarium of deposit. The original specimens associated with this name, present in numerous herbaria, show that the gathering examined by Bentham is *Sprucea 1601*. At K, where Bentham worked, there are two original specimens of *Spruce 1601*. The K specimen with barcode K000173875 has the stamp "Herbarium Benthamianum, 1854", and a label with the plant description handwritten by Spruce, along with collection date of June 1851 and the locality "Manaquiry-gapó." On that same label is also present the annotation "Sprucea rubescens Benth. in Kew Journ." handwritten by Bentham. Specimen K000173875 is here designated the lectotype of *S. rubescens*.

The K specimen with barcode K000173876 has the stamp "Herbarium Hookerianum, 1867" and a label with the printed text "Ad oram meridionalem flum. Amazonum, ad ostium flum. Solimões, coll. R. Spruce, Jun. 1851" and the handwritten annotation "1601, Sprucea rubescens Benth. Gen. nov." That specimen is an isotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1134:

**Synonyms:**

*Macrocnemum tinctorium* Willd. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 5: 6. Dec. 1819. - *Condaminea tinctoria* (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 4: 402. 1830. - *Sickingia tinctoria* (Willd.) K. Schum. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 228. 1889, non *Simira tinctoria* Aubl., 1775.

Type: VENEZUELA. Orinoco, inter Encaramada et Carichana (Missiones del Orinoco), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humboldt 826 (holotype B-W [barcode B -W 03925 -01 0]); isotype, P-Bonpl. [barcode P00671149]).

*Macrocnemum tinctorium* Kunth in Humboldt and Bonpland, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 399 (ed. quarto). 13 Mar. 1820, *nom. illeg. homon*.

Type: VENEZUELA. Orinoco, inter Encaramada et Carichana (Missiones del Orinoco), A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. Humboldt 826 (holotype, P-Bonpl. [barcode P00671149]); isotype, B-W [barcode B -W 03925 -01 0]).

**Notes:** For additional information about the types of *Macrocnemum tinctorium* Willd. and *M. tinctorium* Kunth, see Kirkbride and Wiersema (2020).

55. **SIPANEA** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 147. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1141:

"55-1. *Sipanea hispida* Benth. ex Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 173. 1917. Tipo: Brasil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, s.d., *R. Spruce 2051* (holótipo, BM)."

**Accepted name:** *Sipanea hispida* Benth. ex Wernham

Type: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Jan.–Aug. 1852, *R. Spruce 2051* (first-step lectotype designated by Steyermark (1967: 279); BM [barcode 000614346], second-step lectotype designated by Delprete (2022: 129–130); isolectotypes, E [barcode E00505240], F [Acc. No. 767786], FI-Webb [barcode FI004807], G [2 sheets; G00436761, G00436762], K [without barcode], LD [barcode 1220003], M [barcode M-0189372], NY [barcode 00133313], P [barcode P00748149], RB [Acc. No. 17401, barcode 00543715]; frag F [Acc. No. 635362]; photo-K at NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1141:

**Synonyms:**

*Sipanea trianae* Wernham in J. Bot. 55: 174. 1917.

Type: COLOMBIA. [Villavicencio, Susumuco, 400 m, 1000 m; see Kirkbride (1982: 305)], s.d. (fl, fr), *J.J. Triana* 1776 (3248.1) (holotype BM [barcode 000614328]; isotypes COL [barcode COL000163865] E [barcode 00285373], P [barcode P00748116 "entre Susumuco y Villa Vicencio"], US [Acc. No. 1481047, barcode 00137730]; photo-US, photo-K and photo-BM at NY).

*"Sipanea brasiliensis"* Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 174. 1917.

Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: on a dry bank near Sabara, Sep. [1840] (fl, fr), *G. Gardner* 5009 (holotype, BM [barcode 000614348]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1150:

"55-2. *Sipanea veris* S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. II., 4: 368. 1895. Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Rio dos Bugres, "itaque ad confluentes fl. Paraguay et dos Bugres prope Santa Cruz", 1891-1892, *S. Moore* 435 (holótipo, BM)."
**Accepted name: *Sipanea veris* S.Moore**

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rio dos Bugres, near the confluence with the Paraguay River, “in aper- tis arenosis ad ripas fl. dos Bugres, itaque ad con- fluentes fl. Paraguay et dos Bugres prope Santa Cruz,” 1891–1892 (fl), *S. Moore 435* (BM [barcode 000614332], lectotype designated by Delprete (2022: 171); isolectotypes, K [without barcode], NY [bar- code 01085914]; photo-BM at NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1150:

**Synonyms:**

*Sipanea acinifolia* R. Spruce ex Sprague in Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 433. 1905.

Type: COLOMBIA. Vichada: Maipures, Río Orinoco [border between Colombia and Venezuela], “Prope Maypures, ad flumen Orenoco”, Jun. 1854 (fl), *R. Spruce 3652* (299) (LD [Acc. No. 1219703], lectotype designated by Delprete (2022: 172); isolectotypes K [without barcode], MPU [barcode MPU021332], P [barcode P007294432, as “3652 (299)”] RB [Acc. No. 15356, barcode 00364227]).

“*Sipanea spraguei* Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 172. 1917.”

Type: VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Río Orinoco. Caicara, near a clump of moriche palms, Nov. 1898 (fl), *C.J. Sprague 7* (holotype BM [barcode 000614324]; iso- type K [without barcode]).

56. **SPERMACOCE** L., Sp. Pl. 102. 1753.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1167:

"56-1. **Spermacoce alata** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. 1: 60, pl. 22, fig. 7. 1775. - *Borreria alata* (Aubl.) DC., Prodr. 4: 544. 1830; non *Diodia alata* Nees & Mart., Act. Soc. Nat. Cur. 12: 12. 1824; non *Dasycephala alata* (Nees & Mart.) Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 144. 1873. Tipo: Guiana Francesa, "Bord de la Riviere d'Aurora, s.d., Aublet s.n. (lectótipo, P-JJR, aqui escolhido; isolectótipo, BM)."

**Accepted name: *Spermacoce alata* Aubl.**

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Margins of the Oyak River (as "riviere d'Aroura" referring to the river that runs at the margin of the town of Roura), going towards the Comté de Gennes, "Il croît sur les bord de la riviere

d'Aroura, en allant au Comté de Gêne", s.d. [Apr 1763], *J.B.C.F. Aublet s.n.* (P-JJR 3: 118A, lectotype designated by Lanjouw and Uittien (1940: 158)).

**Notes:** The identity of *Spermacoce alata* Aubl. and *S. latifolia* Aubl. became clear to me when I was able examined their type specimens at P-JJR and MA, respectively. The types of these two names were cited by Delprete (2015). A detailed comparison of these two species was published by Wiersema et al. (2017), following a recent introduction of *S. latifolia* in Florida, USA. These two species have often been confused, and sometimes synonymized, but they are instead easily distinguished. *Spermacoce alata* is a perennial herb, trailing or prostate, rooting at most nodes, often forming dense, ground-covering thickets, with semi-fleshy leaf blades when fresh, commonly with a single, terminal flowering glomerule subtended by two unequal pairs of leaf-like bracts, campanulate corollas 7.5-12.5 mm long, stamens in two pairs of unequal length, two exserted and two included, and capsules 1.8-2 mm long. Whereas, *S. latifolia* is a perennial herb or subshrub, 0.6-2 m tall, commonly erect, or rarely decumbent or ascending, very rarely prostrate, with chartaceous leaf blades when fresh, with verticillate flowering branches with (3-)7-17-(17-21) flowering glomerules, infundibuliform corollas 3.5-5.5 mm long, stamens of equal length, inserted at the same height near the corolla mouth or at lobe sinuses, all exserted, and capsules 3-4 mm long.

*Spermacoce alata* occurs from southern Venezuela and the Guianas to the eastern Amazon Basin, north of the Amazon River, at 10-700 m altitude. It is a prostrate herb, rooting at nodes, often forming dense, ground-covering mats, mostly in shady or semi-shady exposure, usually found in the forest understory, open forests, and forest edges, sometimes seasonally inundated, frequently on the leaf litter over sandy soils. Rarely found in disturbed environments, such as abandoned lots and roadside vegetation. The filiform adventitious roots present at most nodes easily penetrate the organic matter of the leaf litter accumulating on the forest floor, facilitating vegetative reproduction.

*Spermacoce latifolia* is widely distributed in the New World from southern Mexico through Central America and throughout South America, ranging from Vera Cruz, Mexico, to Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, and throughout Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, with a preference for sunny exposures, often found in forest margins, secondary vegetation, road margins, in cultivated and abandoned fields, disturbed vegetation, and sometimes in seasonally flooded areas. It is naturalized in southern USA (Florida), the West Indies, southern Europe, Africa,
**Accepted name: *Sipanea veris* S.Moore**

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rio dos Bugres, near the confluence with the Paraguay River, "in aper- tis arenosis ad ripas fl. dos Bugres, itaque ad con- fluentes fl. Paraguay et dos Bugres prope Santa Cruz," 1891-1892 (fl), S. Moore 435 (BM [barcode 000614332], lectotype designated by Delprete (2022: 171); isolectotypes, K [without barcode], NY [bar- code 01085914]; photo-BM at NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1150:

**Synonyms:**

*Sipanea acinifolia* R. Spruce ex Sprague in Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 433. 1905.

Type: COLOMBIA. Vichada: Maipures, Río Orinoco [border between Colombia and Venezuela], "Prope Maypures, ad flumen Orenoco", Jun. 1854 (fl), R. Spruce 3652 (299) (LD [Acc. No. 1219703], lectotype designated by Delprete (2022: 172); isolectotypes K [without barcode], MPU [barcode MPU021332], P [barcode P007294432, as "3652 (299)"] RB [Acc. No. 15356, barcode 00364227]).

"Sipanea spraguei" Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 172. 1917."

Type: VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Río Orinoco. Caicara, near a clump of moriche palms, Nov. 1898 (fl), C.J. Sprague 7 (holotype BM [barcode 000614324]; iso- type K [without barcode]).

56. **SPERMACOCE** L., Sp. Pl. 102. 1753.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1167:

"56-1. **Spermacoce alata** Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. 1: 60, pl. 22, fig. 7. 1775. - *Borreria alata* (Aubl.) DC., Prodr. 4: 544. 1830; non *Diodia alata* Nees & Mart., Act. Soc. Nat. Cur. 12: 12. 1824; non *Dasycephala alata* (Nees & Mart.) Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 144. 1873. Tipo: Guiana Francesa, "Bord de la Riviere d'Aurora, s.d., Aublet s.n. (lectótipo, P-JJR, aqui escolhido; isolectótipo, BM)."

**Accepted name: *Spermacoce alata* Aubl.**

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Margins of the Oyak River (as "riviere d'Aroura" referring to the river that runs at the margin of the town of Roura), going towards the Comté de Gennes, "Il croît sur les bord de la riviere

d'Aroura, en allant au Comté de Gêne", s.d. [Apr 1763], J.B.C.F. Aublet s.n. (P-JJR 3: 118A, lectotype designated by Lanjouw and Uittien (1940: 158)).

**Notes:** The identity of *Spermacoce alata* Aubl. and *S. latifolia* Aubl. became clear to me when I was able examined their type specimens at P-JJR and MA, respectively. The types of these two names were cited by Delprete (2015). A detailed comparison of these two species was published by Wiersema et al. (2017), following a recent introduction of *S. latifolia* in Florida, USA. These two species have often been confused, and sometimes synonymized, but they are instead easily distinguished. *Spermacoce alata* is a perennial herb, trailing or prostate, rooting at most nodes, often forming dense, ground-covering thickets, with semi-fleshy leaf blades when fresh, commonly with a single, terminal flowering glomerule subtended by two unequal pairs of leaf-like bracts, campanulate corollas 7.5-12.5 mm long, stamens in two pairs of unequal length, two exserted and two included, and capsules 1.8-2 mm long. Whereas, *S. latifolia* is a perennial herb or subshrub, 0.6-2 m tall, commonly erect, or rarely decumbent or ascending, very rarely prostrate, with chartaceous leaf blades when fresh, with verticillate flowering branches with (3-)7-17-(17-21) flowering glomerules, infundibuliform corollas 3.5-5.5 mm long, stamens of equal length, inserted at the same height near the corolla mouth or at lobe sinuses, all exserted, and capsules 3-4 mm long.

*Spermacoce alata* occurs from southern Venezuela and the Guianas to the eastern Amazon Basin, north of the Amazon River, at 10-700 m altitude. It is a prostrate herb, rooting at nodes, often forming dense, ground-covering mats, mostly in shady or semi-shady exposure, usually found in the forest understory, open forests, and forest edges, sometimes seasonally inundated, frequently on the leaf litter over sandy soils. Rarely found in disturbed environments, such as abandoned lots and roadside vegetation. The filiform adventitious roots present at most nodes easily penetrate the organic matter of the leaf litter accumulating on the forest floor, facilitating vegetative reproduction.

*Spermacoce latifolia* is widely distributed in the New World from southern Mexico through Central America and throughout South America, ranging from Vera Cruz, Mexico, to Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, and throughout Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, with a preference for sunny exposures, often found in forest margins, secondary vegetation, road margins, in cultivated and abandoned fields, disturbed vegetation, and sometimes in seasonally flooded areas. It is naturalized in southern USA (Florida), the West Indies, southern Europe, Africa,
Madagascar, Asia, Australia, and Pacific islands. According to Kissmann and Groth (1995, p. 412–416) and Lor-enzi (2000, p. 542), in Brazil this species is an aggressive weed, infesting annual crops, coffee plantations, orchards, and abandoned fields. It is usually on acidic soils and can even tolerate a certain degree of shading. Increasing soil pH with the addition of basic substances seems to alleviate the infestation. According to Lacerda (2003), this weed has a considerable resistance to high doses of glyphosate-based herbicides.

Based on the distinctions between the two species above presented, *Spermacoce alata* does not occur in the states of Goiás and Tocantins. The specimens cited under *S. alata* in FGT (Delprete, 2010c: 1170–1171), which are all gatherings of prostrate or ascending individuals, are instead *S. latifolia*. Those specimens are cited below.

**BRAZIL. Goiás:** Mun. Pirenópolis, Parque Estadual dos Pireneus, campo sujo com algumas manchas de cerrado, perto do portal do parque, 1150 m, 15°48'S, 48°53'W, 26 Nov. 2005 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete, V.L. Gomes-Klein & Estudantes 9280 (CAY, K, NY, RB, SPF, UB, UFG); Mun. São Domingos, Rod. GO-110, ca. 5 km N de São Domingos, em direção para Divinópolis de Goiás, campo limpo encharcado, com solo preto e rico em substância orgânica, 670 m, 13°21'55"S, 46°20'09"W, 22 Feb. 2006 (fl), P.G. Delprete, V.L. Gomes-Klein & I.M. Pereira 9476 (BR, CAY, NY, UB, UFG); Mun. Pirenópolis, Parque Estadual dos Pireneus, base do Morro do Cabeludo, solo orgânico perto do Córrego Cabeludo, 15°48'S, 48°49'W, 1200-1250 m, 18 Mar. 2006 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete et al. 9584 (CAY, UFG). **Distrito Federal:** Planaltina, C.P.A.C., 980 m, 15°35'S, 47°42'W, 30 Oct. 1979 (fl, fr), J.C.S. Silva 184 (CEN). **Tocantins:** Mun. Lagoa da Confusão, Ilha do Bananal, Parque Nacional do Araguaia, 10°27'W, 50°27'S, 190 m, 23 Mar. 1999 (fl, fr), R.C. Mendonça, M.A. da Silva, E. Cardoso, N.R. Oliveira & N. Goulard Souza 3992 (IBGE, NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1171:
"56-2. *Spermacoce burchellii* (E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria burchellii* E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Bonplandia 10: 126. 2000. - *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. var. *pumila* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 56. 1888; non *Borreria pumila* DC., 1830. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Porto Nacional [como "Goyaz, ad Porto Real"], s.d. [1828-1829] (fl), *Burchell 8679-10* (lectótipo, BR, escolhido por Cabral & Bacigalupo, 2006)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce burchellii* (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Porto Nacional [as "Goyaz, ad Porto Real"], s.d. [1828-1829] (fl), W.J. *Burchell 8679-10* (BR [barcode 000000988751], lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 126)).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1174:
"56-3. *Spermacoce capitata* Ruiz. & Pav., Fl. Per. 1: 61. 1798. - *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., Prodr. 4: 545. 1830. Tipo: Peru, "Habitat in declivibus montium, Pillao ad Iscutunam", s.d., *Ruiz & Pavón s.n.* (holótipo, MA)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce capitata* Ruiz. & Pav.

Type: PERU. Huánuco: "in declivibus montium, Pilao ad Iscutunam", 1787, H. Ruiz López & J.A. Pavón y Jiménez s.n. (MA [No. 815641 ex Herbarium Peruvianum Ruiz et Pavon No. 13/12], lectotype designated by Moraes (2011: 911)).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1181:
"56-4. *Spermacoce crispata* (K. Schum.) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. var. *δ crispata* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 55. 1888. - *Borreria crispata* (K. Schum.) E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Bonplandia 10: 126. 2000. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, V/1840, *Gardner 4175* (lectótipo, BR [sic!], escolhido por Cabral & Bacigalupo; isolectótipos, BR, NY [2], P; foto G-Del em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce crispata* (K.Schum.) Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: "Sandy campos between S. Domingos & Posse", May 1840, G. Gardner 4175 (BM [barcode 000053647], lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 127); isolectotipos, BR [barcode 000000530525, annotated as lectotype], F [Acc. No. 767841], K [2 sheets, barcodes K000470322, K000470323], NY [2 sheets, barcodes 00130930, 00130931], P [barcode P00723672, annotated as lectotype]]; photo-G [F 25582] in F, NY).

**Notes:** Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 126-127) cited the type of *Borreria tenella* var. *δ crispata* K. Schum. as "Lectotipo aquí elegido: Brasil, Goiás, May. 1840 (fl, fr), Gardner 4175 (BM!). Isolectotipos: BR!, NY!, P!, Foto F 25582 G-DEL." Delprete (2010c: 1181) incorrectly wrote that Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 127) designated the
Madagascar, Asia, Australia, and Pacific islands. According to Kissmann and Groth (1995, p. 412–416) and Lor-enzi (2000, p. 542), in Brazil this species is an aggressive weed, infesting annual crops, coffee plantations, orchards, and abandoned fields. It is usually on acidic soils and can even tolerate a certain degree of shading. Increasing soil pH with the addition of basic substances seems to alleviate the infestation. According to Lacerda (2003), this weed has a considerable resistance to high doses of glyphosate-based herbicides.

Based on the distinctions between the two species above presented, *Spermacoce alata* does not occur in the states of Goiás and Tocantins. The specimens cited under *S. alata* in FGT (Delprete, 2010c: 1170–1171), which are all gatherings of prostrate or ascending individuals, are instead *S. latifolia*. Those specimens are cited below.

**BRAZIL. Goiás:** Mun. Pirenópolis, Parque Estadual dos Pireneus, campo sujo com algumas manchas de cerrado, perto do portal do parque, 1150 m, 15°48'S, 48°53'W, 26 Nov. 2005 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete, V.L. Gomes-Klein & Estudantes 9280 (CAY, K, NY, RB, SPF, UB, UFG); Mun. São Domingos, Rod. GO-110, ca. 5 km N de São Domingos, em direção para Divinópolis de Goiás, campo limpo encharcado, com solo preto e rico em substância orgânica, 670 m, 13°21'55"S, 46°20'09"W, 22 Feb. 2006 (fl), P.G. Delprete, V.L. Gomes-Klein & I.M. Pereira 9476 (BR, CAY, NY, UB, UFG); Mun. Pirenópolis, Parque Estadual dos Pireneus, base do Morro do Cabeludo, solo orgânico perto do Córrego Cabeludo, 15°48'S, 48°49'W, 1200-1250 m, 18 Mar. 2006 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete et al. 9584 (CAY, UFG). **Distrito Federal:** Planaltina, C.P.A.C., 980 m, 15°35'S, 47°42'W, 30 Oct. 1979 (fl, fr), J.C.S. Silva 184 (CEN). **Tocantins:** Mun. Lagoa da Confusão, Ilha do Bananal, Parque Nacional do Araguaia, 10°27'W, 50°27'S, 190 m, 23 Mar. 1999 (fl, fr), R.C. Mendonça, M.A. da Silva, E. Cardoso, N.R. Oliveira & N. Goulard Souza 3992 (IBGE, NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1171:
"56-2. *Spermacoce burchellii* (E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria burchellii* E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Bonplandia 10: 126. 2000. - *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. var. *pumila* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 56. 1888; non *Borreria pumila* DC., 1830. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Porto Nacional [como "Goyaz, ad Porto Real"], s.d. [1828-1829] (fl), *Burchell 8679-10* (lectótipo, BR, escolhido por Cabral & Bacigalupo, 2006)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce burchellii* (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete

**Type:** BRAZIL. Tocantins: Porto Nacional [as "Goyaz, ad Porto Real"], s.d. [1828-1829] (fl), W.J. *Burchell 8679-10* (BR [barcode 000000988751], lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 126)).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1174:
"56-3. *Spermacoce capitata* Ruiz. & Pav., Fl. Per. 1: 61. 1798. - *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., Prodr. 4: 545. 1830. Tipo: Peru, "Habitat in declivibus montium, Pillao ad Iscutunam", s.d., *Ruiz & Pavón s.n.* (holótipo, MA)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce capitata* Ruiz. & Pav.

**Type:** PERU. Huánuco: "in declivibus montium, Pilaao ad Iscutunam", 1787, H. Ruiz López & J.A. Pavón y Jiménez s.n. (MA [No. 815641 ex Herbarium Peruvianum Ruiz et Pavon No. 13/12], lectotype designated by Moraes (2011: 911)).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1181:
"56-4. *Spermacoce crispata* (K. Schum.) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. var. *δ crispata* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 55. 1888. - *Borreria crispata* (K. Schum.) E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Bonplandia 10: 126. 2000. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, V/1840, *Gardner 4175* (lectótipo, BR [sic!], escolhido por Cabral & Bacigalupo; isolectótipos, BR, NY [2], P; foto G-Del em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce crispata* (K.Schum.) Delprete

**Type:** BRAZIL. Goiás: "Sandy campos between S. Domingos & Posse", May 1840, G. Gardner 4175 (BM [barcode 000053647], lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 127); isolectotipos, BR [barcode 000000530525, annotated as lectotype], F [Acc. No. 767841], K [2 sheets, barcodes K000470322, K000470323], NY [2 sheets, barcodes 00130930, 00130931], P [barcode P00723672, annotated as lectotype]]; photo-G [F 25582] in F, NY).

**Notes:** Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 126-127) cited the type of *Borreria tenella* var. *δ crispata* K. Schum. as "Lectotipo aquí elegido: Brasil, Goiás, May. 1840 (fl, fr), Gardner 4175 (BM!). Isolectotipos: BR!, NY!, P!, Foto F 25582 G-DEL." Delprete (2010c: 1181) incorrectly wrote that Cabral and Bacigalupo (2000: 127) designated the
specimen at BR as the lectotype of this taxon. Delprete's statement was due to a typographical error, and the lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo is the BM specimen with barcode 000053647.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1186:
"56-5. *Spermacoce cupularis* (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria cupularis* DC., Prodr. 4: 543. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, s.d., *Pohl s.n.* (holótipo, G-DC)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce cupularis* (DC.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Without locality, s.d., *J.B.E. Pohl s.n.* (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667114]; isotypes BR [2 sheets, barcodes 000000530493, 000000530558], M [barcode M-0187068]; possible isotype K [barcode K000470351, with "790" as collection number]).

**Notes:** Candolle (1830: 543), in the protologue of *Borreria cupularis* DC., wrote that the material studied was collected by Pohl in Brazil, without citing the collection number or the collection locality. In G-DC, there is only one specimen annotated by Candolle with this name, and is the holotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1189:
"56-6. *Spermacoce dasycephala* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI 2: 719. 2005. - *Diodia dasycephala* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 348. 1828. - *Borreria dasycephala* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo & E. L. Cabral, Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 306. 1996. - Tipo: Brasil meridional, sem localidade, s.d., *Sellow s.n.* (holótipo, B, destruído, foto em F, NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce dasycephala* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete

Type: SOUTHERN BRAZIL. "Brasilia meridionalis", without locality, s.d., *F. Sellow s.n.* (HAL [barcode HAL0098296], lectotype designated by Miquel et al. (2022: 406); possible isolectotype HBG [barcode HBG-521716]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Diodia dasycephala* Cham. & Schltdl., Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 348) cited the material studied as "In Brasiliae meridionalis campis legit Sellowius pluribus locis, seminaque transmisit ad hortum nostrum botanicum, ubi falsis sub

nominus: Sp. repens et capitellata Hb. Willd. colebatur." The original material at B was destroyed during WWII. Two original specimens, annotated by Schlechtendal, are at HAL and HBG, and are discussed below.

On the HAL sheet, barcode HAL0098296, is affixed a plant with flowers and fruits, and a label annotated as "Diodia dasycephala N. Sellow, Brasilia meridionalis" and the stamp "scripsit: D.F.L. v. Schlechtend." Because Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 348) wrote that Sellow's gatherings of *D. dasycephala* were collected in several localities, and the specimen label has the annotation "Brasilia meridionalis" that specimen was designated as the lectotype by Miguel et al. (2022: 405).

On the HBG sheet, barcode HBG-521716, are affixed two labels and a plant with flowers and fruits. One label has the annotation "Diodia dasycephala N. Brasilia" handwritten by Schlechtendal. The other label has the stamp "ISOTYPUS" and the handwritten annotation (author unknown) "Diodia dasycephala Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 348. 1828." That specimen is a possible isolectotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1194:
"56-7. *Spermacoce dimorpha* (J.H. Kirkbr.) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria dimorpha* J.H. Kirkbr., Brittonia 49: 373, fig. 9. 1997. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Mun. Alto Paraíso, a 9 km da cidade, rod. GO-118 para Teresina de Goiás, 14°03'02"S, 47°31'26"W, 1520 m, 28/VII/1994 (fl, fr), *M.A. da Silva, T. Filgueiras, C. Resende, Gonçalves, Santos, Silva, J. Felfili, Nogueira Silva & Aurélio Silva* 2117 (holótipo, IBGE; isótipo, US)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce dimorpha* (J.H.Kirkbr.) Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Chapada dos Veadeiros, Mun. Alto Paraíso, a 9 km da cidade, rod. GO-118 para Teresina de Goiás, 14°3'2"S, 47°31'26"W, 1520 m, 28 Jul. 1994 (fl, fr), *M.A. da Silva, T.S. Filgueiras, A.V. Resende, K.G.C. Gonçalves, J.B. Santos, J.C.S. Silva, J.M. Felfili, P.E. Nogueira Silva & M. Aurélio Silva* 2117 (holotype, IBGE [Acc. No. 32351]; isotypes, RB [Acc. No. 325243, barcode 00543473], SP [barcode SP001523], US [without barcode]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1196:
"56-8. *Spermacoce eryngioides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria eryngioides* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 316. 1828. - *Bige lowia eryngioides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hook. & Arn.,
specimen at BR as the lectotype of this taxon. Delprete's statement was due to a typographical error, and the lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo is the BM specimen with barcode 000053647.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1186:
"56-5. *Spermacoce cupularis* (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria cupularis* DC., Prodr. 4: 543. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, s.d., *Pohl s.n.* (holótipo, G-DC)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce cupularis* (DC.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Without locality, s.d., *J.B.E. Pohl s.n.* (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667114]; isotypes BR [2 sheets, barcodes 000000530493, 000000530558], M [barcode M-0187068]; possible isotype K [barcode K000470351, with "790" as collection number]).

**Notes:** Candolle (1830: 543), in the protologue of *Borreria cupularis* DC., wrote that the material studied was collected by Pohl in Brazil, without citing the collection number or the collection locality. In G-DC, there is only one specimen annotated by Candolle with this name, and is the holotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1189:
"56-6. *Spermacoce dasycephala* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete in A. Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense RUBI 2: 719. 2005. - *Diodia dasycephala* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 348. 1828. - *Borreria dasycephala* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo & E. L. Cabral, Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 306. 1996. - Tipo: Brasil meridional, sem localidade, s.d., *Sellow s.n.* (holótipo, B, destruído, foto em F, NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce dasycephala* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete

Type: SOUTHERN BRAZIL. "Brasilia meridionalis", without locality, s.d., *F. Sellow s.n.* (HAL [barcode HAL0098296], lectotype designated by Miquel et al. (2022: 406); possible isolectotype HBG [barcode HBG-521716]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Diodia dasycephala* Cham. & Schltdl., Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 348) cited the material studied as "In Brasiliae meridionalis campis legit Sellowius pluribus locis, seminaque transmisit ad hortum nostrum botanicum, ubi falsis sub

nominus: Sp. repens et capitellata Hb. Willd. colebatur." The original material at B was destroyed during WWII. Two original specimens, annotated by Schlechtendal, are at HAL and HBG, and are discussed below.

On the HAL sheet, barcode HAL0098296, is affixed a plant with flowers and fruits, and a label annotated as "Diodia dasycephala N. Sellow, Brasilia meridionalis" and the stamp "scripsit: D.F.L. v. Schlechtend." Because Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 348) wrote that Sellow's gatherings of *D. dasycephala* were collected in several localities, and the specimen label has the annotation "Brasilia meridionalis" that specimen was designated as the lectotype by Miguel et al. (2022: 405).

On the HBG sheet, barcode HBG-521716, are affixed two labels and a plant with flowers and fruits. One label has the annotation "Diodia dasycephala N. Brasilia" handwritten by Schlechtendal. The other label has the stamp "ISOTYPUS" and the handwritten annotation (author unknown) "Diodia dasycephala Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 348. 1828." That specimen is a possible isolectotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1194:
"56-7. *Spermacoce dimorpha* (J.H. Kirkbr.) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria dimorpha* J.H. Kirkbr., Brittonia 49: 373, fig. 9. 1997. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Mun. Alto Paraíso, a 9 km da cidade, rod. GO-118 para Teresina de Goiás, 14°03'02"S, 47°31'26"W, 1520 m, 28/VII/1994 (fl, fr), *M.A. da Silva, T. Filgueiras, C. Resende, Gonçalves, Santos, Silva, J. Felfili, Nogueira Silva & Aurélio Silva* 2117 (holótipo, IBGE; isótipo, US)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce dimorpha* (J.H.Kirkbr.) Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Chapada dos Veadeiros, Mun. Alto Paraíso, a 9 km da cidade, rod. GO-118 para Teresina de Goiás, 14°3'2"S, 47°31'26"W, 1520 m, 28 Jul. 1994 (fl, fr), *M.A. da Silva, T.S. Filgueiras, A.V. Resende, K.G.C. Gonçalves, J.B. Santos, J.C.S. Silva, J.M. Felfili, P.E. Nogueira Silva & M. Aurélio Silva* 2117 (holotype, IBGE [Acc. No. 32351]; isotypes, RB [Acc. No. 325243, barcode 00543473], SP [barcode SP001523], US [without barcode]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1196:
"56-8. *Spermacoce eryngioides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria eryngioides* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 316. 1828. - *Bige lowia eryngioides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hook. & Arn.,
Bot. Miscell. 3: 361. 1833. Tipo: Brasil, "Pluribus locis variisque in fruticetis Brasiliae meridionalis", *Sellow s.n.* (holótipo, B, destruído; provável isótipo, US)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce eryngioides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Type: SOUTHERN BRAZIL: "Pluribus locis variisque in fruticetis Brasiliae meridionalis", s.d., *F. Sellow s.n.* (L [barcode L0057635], lectotype designated by Cabral et al. (2011: 261); isolectotypes HBG [barcode HBG-521829], K [barcode K000470201]; possible isolectotypes W [Acc. No. 285798], US [barcode 00409543]; dubious isolectotype E [barcode E00504647]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria eryngioides* Cham. & Schltdl., Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 316) cited the material studied as "Pluribus locis variisque temporibus in fruticetis Brasiliae meridionalis legit Sellow." The original material at B was destroyed during WWII. Specimens annotated by Schlechtendal are at E, HBG, L, US and W, and are discussed below.

On the L sheet, with barcode L0057635, are affixed two plants with flowers and fruits, and two labels. One label has the handwritten annotation "Borreria eryngioides N., ! Sch., Hb. Berol. 1833, Sellow, Brasilia meridionalis." The annotation "Sch." means that this specimen was seen by Schlechtendal. The other label, with red paper, has "TYPE" printed, and "Sellow s.n., Borreria eryngioides Cham. & Schl." handwritten by an unknown author. This specimen was designated as lectotype by Cabral et al. (2011: 261).

On the HBG sheet, with barcode HBG-521829, are affixed two plants with flowers and fruits, and two labels. One label has the annotation "Borreria eryngioides N. Brasilia" handwritten by Schlechtendal. The other label has the stamp "ISOTYPUS" and the handwritten annotation (author unknown) "Borreria eryngioides Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 316. 1828. leg. F. Sellow, Brazil." This specimen is an isolectotype.

On the E sheet, with barcode E00504647, is affixed a specimen with multiple branches with fruits, and a single taproot. This specimen does not resemble the other specimens here treated as possible original material of *Borreria eryngioides*, and probably does not belong to the same gahering, or it might even be a different species. On the sheet is affixed a label with the heading "Herb. Reg. Berolinense", Borreria eryngioides Cham. et Schlecht.", and "Brasilia. Sellow legit" printed at the botoom of the label. This specimen is a dubious isolectotype.

On the W sheet, Acc. No. 285798, there are two plants with flowers and fruits and two labels. One label has the annotation "Borreria eryngioides N. Brasilia" handwritten by Schlechtendal. The other label bears the annotation "isotype" by R. Salas, 2011. As Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 316) wrote that the material studied was collected in numerous localities, the W specimen is a possible isolectotype.

The US specimen, barcode 00409543, is possible original material. It has a label handwritten by Schlechtendal saying "Borreria eryngioides N. Linnaea III, p. 316. Brasilia", but it does not report the collector. This specimen is a possible isolectotype of *Borreria eryngioides*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1202:

"56-9. *Spermacoce glabra* [Rich. in] Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 82. 1803. - *Spermacoceodes glabrum* (Michx.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 123. 1898. Tipo: Estados Unidos, "ad ripas fluminis Ohio et Mississipi, s.d., *Michaux s.n.* (holótipo, P)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce glabra* Michx.

Type: USA: "ad ripas fluminis Ohio et Mississipi", s.d., *A. Michaux s.n.* (P [P02285140], lectotype designated by Florentín et al. (2020: 592); isolectotype P [P02285141]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1204:

"56-10. *Spermacoce incognita* (E.L. Cabral) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria incognita* E.L. Cabral, Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 322, fig. 8. 1996. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, Campo Alegre, rod. BR-050, km 222, 8/II/1994 (fl), *Hatschbach et al. 59881* (holótipo, MBM; isótipos, CTES n.v., NY, SI n.v., UB)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce glabra* Michx.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Mun. Campo Alegre, rod. BR-050, km 222, 8 Feb. 1994 (fl), *G. Hatschbach, M. Hatschbach & J.M. Silva 59881* (holotype, MBM [barcode MBM165465]; isotypes, BHCB [barcode BHCB000402], BR [000000530527], C [barcode C10018072], CTES [barcode CTES0013511], G [2 sheets, barcodes G00389686, G00389687], HBG [barcode HBG-521826], MO [Acc. No. 05081011], NY [barcode 00074088], SI [2 sheets, barcodes 003547, 003179], SPF [barcode SPF 00109332], UB [barcode UB0040277]).
Bot. Miscell. 3: 361. 1833. Tipo: Brasil, "Pluribus locis variisque in fruticetis Brasiliae meridionalis", *Sellow s.n.* (holótipo, B, destruído; provável isótipo, US)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce eryngioides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Type: SOUTHERN BRAZIL: "Pluribus locis variisque in fruticetis Brasiliae meridionalis", s.d., *F. Sellow s.n.* (L [barcode L0057635], lectotype designated by Cabral et al. (2011: 261); isolectotypes HBG [barcode HBG-521829], K [barcode K000470201]; possible isolectotypes W [Acc. No. 285798], US [barcode 00409543]; dubious isolectotype E [barcode E00504647]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria eryngioides* Cham. & Schltdl., Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 316) cited the material studied as "Pluribus locis variisque temporibus in fruticetis Brasiliae meridionalis legit Sellow." The original material at B was destroyed during WWII. Specimens annotated by Schlechtendal are at E, HBG, L, US and W, and are discussed below.

On the L sheet, with barcode L0057635, are affixed two plants with flowers and fruits, and two labels. One label has the handwritten annotation "Borreria eryngioides N., ! Sch., Hb. Berol. 1833, Sellow, Brasilia meridionalis." The annotation "Sch." means that this specimen was seen by Schlechtendal. The other label, with red paper, has "TYPE" printed, and "Sellow s.n., Borreria eryngioides Cham. & Schl." handwritten by an unknown author. This specimen was designated as lectotype by Cabral et al. (2011: 261).

On the HBG sheet, with barcode HBG-521829, are affixed two plants with flowers and fruits, and two labels. One label has the annotation "Borreria eryngioides N. Brasilia" handwritten by Schlechtendal. The other label has the stamp "ISOTYPUS" and the handwritten annotation (author unknown) "Borreria eryngioides Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 316. 1828. leg. F. Sellow, Brazil." This specimen is an isolectotype.

On the E sheet, with barcode E00504647, is affixed a specimen with multiple branches with fruits, and a single taproot. This specimen does not resemble the other specimens here treated as possible original material of *Borreria eryngioides*, and probably does not belong to the same gahering, or it might even be a different species. On the sheet is affixed a label with the heading "Herb. Reg. Berolinense", Borreria eryngioides Cham. et Schlecht.", and "Brasilia. Sellow legit" printed at the botoom of the label. This specimen is a dubious isolectotype.

On the W sheet, Acc. No. 285798, there are two plants with flowers and fruits and two labels. One label has the annotation "Borreria eryngioides N. Brasilia" handwritten by Schlechtendal. The other label bears the annotation "isotype" by R. Salas, 2011. As Chamisso and Schlechtendal (1828: 316) wrote that the material studied was collected in numerous localities, the W specimen is a possible isolectotype.

The US specimen, barcode 00409543, is possible original material. It has a label handwritten by Schlechtendal saying "Borreria eryngioides N. Linnaea III, p. 316. Brasilia", but it does not report the collector. This specimen is a possible isolectotype of *Borreria eryngioides*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1202:

"56-9. *Spermacoce glabra* [Rich. in] Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 82. 1803. - *Spermacoceodes glabrum* (Michx.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 123. 1898. Tipo: Estados Unidos, "ad ripas fluminis Ohio et Mississipi, s.d., *Michaux s.n.* (holótipo, P)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce glabra* Michx.

Type: USA: "ad ripas fluminis Ohio et Mississipi", s.d., *A. Michaux s.n.* (P [P02285140], lectotype designated by Florentín et al. (2020: 592); isolectotype P [P02285141]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1204:

"56-10. *Spermacoce incognita* (E.L. Cabral) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1025. 2007. - *Borreria incognita* E.L. Cabral, Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 322, fig. 8. 1996. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, Campo Alegre, rod. BR-050, km 222, 8/II/1994 (fl), *Hatschbach et al. 59881* (holótipo, MBM; isótipos, CTES n.v., NY, SI n.v., UB)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce glabra* Michx.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Mun. Campo Alegre, rod. BR-050, km 222, 8 Feb. 1994 (fl), *G. Hatschbach, M. Hatschbach & J.M. Silva 59881* (holotype, MBM [barcode MBM165465]; isotypes, BHCB [barcode BHCB000402], BR [000000530527], C [barcode C10018072], CTES [barcode CTES0013511], G [2 sheets, barcodes G00389686, G00389687], HBG [barcode HBG-521826], MO [Acc. No. 05081011], NY [barcode 00074088], SI [2 sheets, barcodes 003547, 003179], SPF [barcode SPF 00109332], UB [barcode UB0040277]).
FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1208:
"56-11. *Spermacoce irwiniana* (E.L. Cabral) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1026. 2007. - *Borreria irwiniana* E.L. Cabral, Bonplandia 9: 36, fig. 3. 1996. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, gallery forest ca. 27 km S of Paraíso, ca. 500 m, 22/III/1968 (fl), H.S. Irwin, H. Maxwell & D. Wasshausen 21617 (holótipo, NY; isótipos, F, UB)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce irwiniana* (E.L.Cabral)
Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Gallery forest ca. 27 km S of Paraíso, ca. 500 m, 22 Mar. 1968 (fl), H.S. Irwin, H. Maxwell & D. Wasshausen 21617 (holotype, NY n.v. [barcode unknown]; isotypes, CTES [barcode CTES0013513], F [Acc. No. 1727210], UB [barcode UB0040273]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1209:
"56-12. *Spermacoce latifolia* Aubl., Pl. Guian. 1: 55. pl. 19, fig. 1. 1775. - *Borreria latifolia* (Aubl.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 61. 1888. - *Tardavel latifolia* (Aubl.) Standl., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 122. 1916. Tipo: Guiana Francesa, "Habitat ad margines viam Caiennae & Guianae", s.d., *Aublet s.n.* (holótipo, BM)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce latifolia* Aubl.

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Road margins and disturbed fields of Cayenne and French Guiana, "ad margines viarum Caïenne et Guianae" and "sur le bord des chemins, et dans les terreins défrichés à Caïenne et à la grande-terre," s.d. [1762-1764], J.B.C.F. Aublet s.n. (MA [barcode MA317165], lectotype designated by Delprete (2015: 617)). For further information, see Delprete (2015).

**Notes:** For a distinction of this species from *Spermacoce alata*, see discussion under that species. For a clarification of the species delimitation of *S. latifolia*, a list of the most common synonyms and their respective types, along with eventual notes, is presented below.

**Synonyms:**

*Spermacoce hexangularis* Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 61, t. 22, figure 8. 1775. Spermacoce sexangularis Lemée, Fl. Guy. Fran, c. 3: 569. 1954 ["1953"], *nom. illeg. superfl.*

Type: [illustration] "8. *Hexangularis*" in Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 61, t. 22, figure 8. 1775 lectotype, designated by Delprete (2015: 616). - FRENCH GUIANA:

Basin of Sinnamary River, *J.J. de Granville et al.* 11383 (CAY [barcode CAY0224493], epitype designated by Delprete (2015: 616)).

*Spermacoce coerulescens* Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 55, t. 19, figure 2. 1775.

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Road margins of Cayenne and French Guiana, "Habitat in iisdem locis [ad margines viarum Caïenne et Guianae]," *J.B.C.F. Aublet s.n.* (P-JJR [P-JJR 3: 118C], lectotype designated by Lanjouw and Uittien (1940: 158)).

*Borreria perrottetii* DC., Prodr. 4: 548. 1830.

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Without locality, s.d., G.S. *Perrottet s.n.* (holotype G-DC [barcode G00667166]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria perrottetii* DC., Candolle (1830: 548) wrote "In Guianâ Gallicâ cl. Perrottet. An Spermacoce aspera Aubl., Guian. I. p. 59. t. 22. f. 6. non Vahl? sed in nostrâ rami ferè glabri. (v.s. in h. Dunant.)" There is a sole sheet associated with this name at G-DC, with barcode G00667166. On the lower right corner of the sheet is pinned a label with the annotation "Spermacoce Perrottetii DC." handwritten by Candolle. On the sheet is pinned a tiny envelope with the annotation "Sp. [Spermacoce] aspera Aubl. ex Perrottet, Guiane" handwritten by an unknown author. In the envelope is included one leaf and several dehisced capsules. This specimen is the holotype of this name.

*Borreria scabrida* DC., Prodr. 4: 548. 1830 - *Borreria latifolia* var. *scabrida* (DC.) K. Schum. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(6): 61. 1888 - *Borreria latifolia* f. *scabrida* (DC.) Steyerm., Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 23: 810. 1972.

Type: BRAZIL. Without locality, 1828, *J.B.E. Pohl s.n.* (holotype G-DC [barcode G00667191]).

**Notes:** Candolle (1830: 548) cited the material studied of *Borreria scabrida* DC. as "in Brasiliâ legit cl. Pohl. Spermacoce scabrida Pohl! in litt. Cor. duplò minor quàm in B. asclepiadea. (v.s.)." There is a sole sheet associated with this name in G-DC, with barcode G00667191. On the lower right corner is pinned a label with the annotation "Spermacoce scabrida Pohl, Borreria ________ [scabrida] DC." handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is glued a label with the annotation "Spermacoce scabrida, an nov. gen. Brésil, m. Pohl 1828." The specimen consists of a small branch with numerous leaf pairs, and two capitate inflorescences.
FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1208:

"56-11. *Spermacoce irwiniana* (E.L. Cabral) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1026. 2007. - *Borreria irwiniana* E.L. Cabral, Bonplandia 9: 36, fig. 3. 1996. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, gallery forest ca. 27 km S of Paraíso, ca. 500 m, 22/III/1968 (fl), H.S. Irwin, H. Maxwell & D. Wasshausen 21617 (holótipo, NY; isótipos, F, UB)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce irwiniana* (E.L.Cabral)
Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Gallery forest ca. 27 km S of Paraíso, ca. 500 m, 22 Mar. 1968 (fl), H.S. Irwin, H. Maxwell & D. Wasshausen 21617 (holotype, NY n.v. [barcode unknown]; isotypes, CTES [barcode CTES0013513], F [Acc. No. 1727210], UB [barcode UB0040273]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1209:

"56-12. *Spermacoce latifolia* Aubl., Pl. Guiane. 1: 55. pl. 19, fig. 1. 1775. - *Borreria latifolia* (Aubl.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 61. 1888. - *Tardavel latifolia* (Aubl.) Standl., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 122. 1916. Tipo: Guiane Francesa, "Habitat ad margines viam Caiennae & Guianae", s.d., *Aublet s.n.* (holótipo, BM)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce latifolia* Aubl.

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Road margins and disturbed fields of Cayenne and French Guiana, "ad margines viarum Caïenne et Guianae" and "sur le bord des chemins, et dans les terreins défrichés à Caïenne et à la grande-terre," s.d. [1762-1764], J.B.C.F. Aublet s.n. (MA [barcode MA317165], lectotype designated by Delprete (2015: 617)). For further information, see Delprete (2015).

**Notes:** For a distinction of this species from *Spermacoce alata*, see discussion under that species. For a clarification of the species delimitation of *S. latifolia*, a list of the most common synonyms and their respective types, along with eventual notes, is presented below.

**Synonyms:**

*Spermacoce hexangularis* Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 61, t. 22, figure 8. 1775. Spermacoce sexangularis Lemée, Fl. Guy. Fran, c. 3: 569. 1954 ["1953"], *nom. illeg. superfl.*

Type: [illustration] "8. *Hexangularis*" in Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 61, t. 22, figure 8. 1775 lectotype, designated by Delprete (2015: 616). - FRENCH GUIANA:

Basin of Sinnamary River, *J.J. de Granville et al.* 11383 (CAY [barcode CAY0224493], epitype designated by Delprete (2015: 616)).

*Spermacoce coerulescens* Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 55, t. 19, figure 2. 1775.

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Road margins of Cayenne and French Guiana, "Habitat in iisdem locis [ad margines viarum Caïenne et Guianae]," *J.B.C.F. Aublet s.n.* (P-JJR [P-JJR 3: 118C], lectotype designated by Lanjouw and Uittien (1940: 158)).

*Borreria perrottetii* DC., Prodr. 4: 548. 1830.

Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Without locality, s.d., G.S. *Perrottet s.n.* (holotype G-DC [barcode G00667166]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria perrottetii* DC., Candolle (1830: 548) wrote "In Guianâ Gallicâ cl. Perrottet. An Spermacoce aspera Aubl., Guiane. I. p. 59. t. 22. f. 6. non Vahl? sed in nostrâ rami ferè glabri. (v.s. in h. Dunant.)" There is a sole sheet associated with this name at G-DC, with barcode G00667166. On the lower right corner of the sheet is pinned a label with the annotation "Spermacoce Perrottetii DC." handwritten by Candolle. On the sheet is pinned a tiny envelope with the annotation "Sp. [Spermacoce] aspera Aubl. ex Perrottet, Guiane" handwritten by an unknown author. In the envelope is included one leaf and several dehisced capsules. This specimen is the holotype of this name.

*Borreria scabrida* DC., Prodr. 4: 548. 1830 - *Borreria latifolia* var. *scabrida* (DC.) K. Schum. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6(6): 61. 1888 - *Borreria latifolia* f. *scabrida* (DC.) Steyerm., Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 23: 810. 1972.

Type: BRAZIL. Without locality, 1828, *J.B.E. Pohl s.n.* (holotype G-DC [barcode G00667191]).

**Notes:** Candolle (1830: 548) cited the material studied of *Borreria scabrida* DC. as "in Brasiliâ legit cl. Pohl. Spermacoce scabrida Pohl! in litt. Cor. duplò minor quàm in B. asclepiadea. (v.s.)." There is a sole sheet associated with this name in G-DC, with barcode G00667191. On the lower right corner is pinned a label with the annotation "Spermacoce scabrida Pohl, Borreria _________ [scabrida] DC." handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is glued a label with the annotation "Spermacoce scabrida, an nov. gen. Brésil, m. Pohl 1828." The specimen consists of a small branch with numerous leaf pairs, and two capitate inflorescences.
es subtended by pairs of leaf-like bracts. This specimen is
the holotype of *Borreria scabrida*.

*Borreria tetraptera* Miq., Linnaea 17: 70. 1843.

Type: SURINAME: Upper Surinam River, s.d. [Apr.],
*H.C. Focke* 468 (U [barcode U0005944], lectotype
designated by Wiersema et al. (2017: 123)).

*Borreria fockeana* Miq., Linnaea 18: 299. 1845 [“1844”];
*Borreria latifolia* var. *fockeana* (Miq.) Bremek., Recue-
il Trav. Bot. N’eerl. 31: 307. 1934. - *Borreria latifolia* f.
*fockeana* (Miq.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23:
809. 1972.

Type: SURINAME. Without locality, s.d. [1840],
*H.C. Focke* 505 (first-step lectotype designated by
Bremekamp (1934: 307); U [barcode U0005943],
second-step lectotype designated by Wiersema et al.
(2017: 123); isolectotype K [barcode K000470336]).

*Borreria penicillata* Miq., Stirp. Surinam. Select. 176, t. 51. 1851 [“1850”].

Type: SURINAME: Upper Surinam River [“Surinam superiore”], s.d. [1847], *H.C. Focke* 1297 (U [barcode U0005945], lectotype designated by Wiersema et al. (2017: 123)).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1216:
“56-13. *Spermacoce multiflora* (DC.) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1026. 2007. - *Diodia multiflora* DC., Prodr. 4: 564. 1830. - *Borreria multiflora* (DC.) Bacigalupo and Cabral, Darwiniana 37: 163. 1999. Tipo: Brasil, s.d., localidade e coletor desconhecidos (holótipo, G-DC).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce multiflora* (DC.) Delprete

Type: BRAZIL: Without locality, s.d., Collector Unknown s.n. (holotype G-DC [barcode G00667278]).

**Notes:** Candolle (1830: 564) along with the description of *Diodia multiflora* DC., cited the material studied as “in Brasilia. Fructus facillimè bipartibilis, coccis clausis (v.s.).” The expression “(v.s.)”, i.e., *visi siccum*, means that Candolle saw a specimen, collected in Brazil, in his own herbarium, but he did not cite the collector or the collection number. Delprete (2007: 1026) cited the holotype of this name as “Brazil. Locality, date, and collector unknown s.n. (holotype: G-DC!).” In G-DC there is a sole original specimen, with barcode G00667278, annotated by Candolle as “Diodia multiflora DC.” An additional label pinned on the sheet has the annotation “Spermacoce, Bresil” handwritten by an unknown author. On the sheet are affixed two long branches with numerous leaf pairs and two capitate inflorescences at the axils of each node. This specimen is the holotype of this name.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1221:
“56-14. *Spermacoce neohispida* Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. - *Borreria hispida* Spruce ex K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 62. 1888. Síntipos: Brasil, Pará, Santarem, s.d. [1850], *Spruce* 663 (B†, BM, K); Guiana Francesa, s.d. [1830-1850], *Leprieur s.n.* (B†, BR, P).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce neohispida* Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. Pará: Santarem, Apr. 1850, *R. Spruce* 663 (B†; M [barcode M-0187057], lectotype designated by Sobrado and Cabral, (2015: 60); isolectotypes BM [barcode BM000901496], E [barcode E00504645 (without collection number)], F [Acc. No. 767123 (without collection number)], FI [barcode FI004834], GH [2 sheets, barcodes 01154900, 01154901], K n.v., MPU [barcode MPU022453 (without collection number)], NY [barcode 0013019], RB [Acc. No. 18894, barcode 00334938], RB [Acc. No. 18894, barcode 00334938], S [Acc. No. S05-1638 (without collection number)], TCD [barcode TCD0005897 (without collection number)], W [2 sheets, Acc. Nos. 14014, 118416]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1221:
**Synonym:**
“*Borreria hispida* Spruce ex K. Schum. var. *glabrescens* K. Schum. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 62. 1888. Tipo: Brazil. Tocantins, “Goyaz prope Porto Real” [Porto Nacional], s.d. [1829], *Burchell* 8675 (holótipo B†, photo in NY; lectótipo, NY, aqui designado).”

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: “Goyaz prope Porto Real” [now Porto Nacional], s.d. [1829], *W.J. Burchell* 8675 (B†, photo in NY; NY [barcode 01085897], lectotype designated by Delprete (2010c: 1221); isolectotypes BR [barcode 000000530559], GH [barcode 01154956]; photo-B in F).
FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1224:

"56-15. *Spermacoce neotenuis* Govaerts, World Check-
list Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. - *Borreria tenuis* DC., Prodr. 4:
543. 1830; non *Spermacoce tenuis* Sessé & Moç., Fl. Mex-
ic.: 25. 1893. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, s.d., *Pohl s.n.*
(holótipo, G-DC)."

Accepted name: *Spermacoce neotenuis* Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. "Goiás, prope Santa Rita", s.d., *J.B.E. Pohl* 1719 (783 d) (W [Acc. No. W0028719], **neotype here designated**; isoneotype K [barcode K000470202]; possible isoneotype BR [barcode 000000530529]).

**Notes:** In G-DC there is a single sheet, with barcode G00667111, annotated by Candolle as "Borreria tenuis DC." A label is affixed on the sheet, with the annotation "Spermacoce tenuis, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" corresponds to the year of collection of the specimen and is not a collection number. On the sheet is affixed another label with the annotation (translated from Spanish) "This specimen is considered as the type [of *B. tenuis*] does not coincide with the original description of DC. Prodr. 4: 543, 1830, which says "antheris inclusis". It is a specimen that belongs to *Mitracarpus* (which has exserted stamens, unequal calyx lobes). However, the isotype in F concides with the original description. Elsa Cabral/1995." I concur with Cabral that this specimen cannot be treated as original material of *Borreria tenuis* DC. After exaustive searches, no original specimen associated with this name could be found in F. Three original specimens collected by Pohl and annotated as *B. tenuis* are discussed below.

A sheet in W, with Acc. No. W0028719, has numer-
ous plants with flowers and fruits, and three labels. A
label on the lower right corner of the sheet has the
annotation "1719, Hb. Bras., Borreria tenuissima Pohl,
S. Rita, (783 d), Pohl" handwritten by Pohl. Above
that label, is affixed another label with the annotation
"Borreria tenuis DC., Borreria tenuissima non exitat."
handwritten by K. Schumann, and the stamp "det.
Schumann in Fl. Bras." On the sheet, there is a third
label with the annotation "Isotype of: Borreria tenuis
DC., Prodr. 4. 543. 1830. 30/03/2011, det./rev. Salas, R.
CTES." This specimen is here designated as the neotype
of *Borreria tenuis*.

On the K sheet with barcode K000470202 and the
stamp "Herbarium Hookerianum", there are numerous
plants with flowers and fruits on it. The annotation "Bra-
zil, Herb. dupl. Vien." was handwritten directly on the

sheet by an unknown author. Just below the annotation
is affixed a label with the number "783" handwritten
by another unknown author. On the lower right corner,
there is a label with the annotation "Pohl 783 is cited by
Schumann Fl. Bras. 6(6):45-46 as B. tenuis DC., Goiás."
This specimen is an isoneotype of *Borreria tenuis* DC.

A sheet in BR with barcode 000000530529 has two
plants affixed on it. On the sheet, there is a label with
the stamp "Herb. Hort. Bruxell. - Coll. MARTII" and
the annotation "Minas: Pohl, Communic. Herb. Vindo-
bon. 1847." Another label has "Borreria tenuis DC." and
the stamp "det. Schumann in Fl. Bras." This specimen is
a possible isotype of this name.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1224:

Synonym:

"*Borreria gracillima* DC., Prodr. 4: 543. 1830, **syn.** **nov.** - *Spermacoce gracillima* (DC.) Delprete, Rev. Biol. Neotrop. 3: 72. "2006" [2007]. Type: Brazil. Tocantins: "Goyaz, prope São João da Palma" [agora cidade de Paranã, 12°36'S, 47°52'W], s.d., *Pohl* 1242 (holótipo, G-DC; isótipo, F)."

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: "Goyaz, prope São João da Palma" [now town of Paranã], s.d., *J.B.E. Pohl* 1242 (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667099]; isotypes, BR [barcode 000000530526], M [barcode M-0187065]). Photograph 6712 at F of a B specimen, which is another isotype, and is now destroyed.

**Notes:** There is a sole specimen in G-DC associated with *Borreria gracillima* DC., with barcode G00667099. On the sheet are pinned two labels, "Spermacoce tenuis-sima, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" corresponds to the year of collection of the specimen and is not a collection number. On the lower right corner is pinned a label with the annotation "Borreria? gracillima DC." handwritten by Candolle. This specimen is the holotype of *B. gracillima*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1229:

"56-16. *Spermacoce ocmifolia* Willd. ex Roem. &
Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1819. - *Hemidiodia ocmymifo-
lia* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. in Mart., Fl.
Bras. 6(6): 30. pl. 72. 1888. - *Diodia ocmymifolia* (Willd. ex
Roem. & Schult.) Bremek., Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 305.
1934. - *Borreria ocmymifolia* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.)
Bacigalupo & Cabral, Opera Bot. Belg. 307. 1996. Tipo:
"India occidentalis. *Rudolphi*" (holótipo, B-Willd.)."
FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1224:
"56-15. *Spermacoce neotenuis* Govaerts, World Check-
list Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. - *Borreria tenuis* DC., Prodr. 4:
543. 1830; non *Spermacoce tenuis* Sessé & Moç., Fl. Mex-
ic.: 25. 1893. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, s.d., *Pohl s.n.*
(holótipo, G-DC)."

Accepted name: *Spermacoce neotenuis* Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. "Goiás, prope Santa Rita", s.d., *J.B.E. Pohl* 1719 (783 d) (W [Acc. No. W0028719], **neotype here designated**; isoneotype K [barcode K000470202]; possible isoneotype BR [barcode 000000530529]).

**Notes:** In G-DC there is a single sheet, with barcode G00667111, annotated by Candolle as "Borreria tenuis DC." A label is affixed on the sheet, with the annotation "Spermacoce tenuis, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" corresponds to the year of collection of the specimen and is not a collection number. On the sheet is affixed another label with the annotation (translated from Spanish) "This specimen is considered as the type [of *B. tenuis*] does not coincide with the original description of DC. Prodr. 4: 543, 1830, which says "antheris inclusis". It is a specimen that belongs to *Mitracarpus* (which has exserted stamens, unequal calyx lobes). However, the isotype in F concides with the original description. Elsa Cabral/1995." I concur with Cabral that this specimen cannot be treated as original material of *Borreria tenuis* DC. After exaustive searches, no original specimen associated with this name could be found in F. Three original specimens collected by Pohl and annotated as *B. tenuis* are discussed below.

A sheet in W, with Acc. No. W0028719, has numer-
ous plants with flowers and fruits, and three labels. A
label on the lower right corner of the sheet has the
annotation "1719, Hb. Bras., Borreria tenuissima Pohl,
S. Rita, (783 d), Pohl" handwritten by Pohl. Above
that label, is affixed another label with the annotation
"Borreria tenuis DC., Borreria tenuissima non exitat."
handwritten by K. Schumann, and the stamp "det.
Schumann in Fl. Bras." On the sheet, there is a third
label with the annotation "Isotype of: Borreria tenuis
DC., Prodr. 4. 543. 1830. 30/03/2011, det./rev. Salas, R.
CTES." This specimen is here designated as the neotype
of *Borreria tenuis*.

On the K sheet with barcode K000470202 and the
stamp "Herbarium Hookerianum", there are numerous
plants with flowers and fruits on it. The annotation "Bra-
zil, Herb. dupl. Vien." was handwritten directly on the

sheet by an unknown author. Just below the annotation
is affixed a label with the number "783" handwritten
by another unknown author. On the lower right corner,
there is a label with the annotation "Pohl 783 is cited by
Schumann Fl. Bras. 6(6):45-46 as B. tenuis DC., Goiás."
This specimen is an isoneotype of *Borreria tenuis* DC.

A sheet in BR with barcode 000000530529 has two
plants affixed on it. On the sheet, there is a label with
the stamp "Herb. Hort. Bruxell. - Coll. MARTII" and
the annotation "Minas: Pohl, Communic. Herb. Vindo-
bon. 1847." Another label has "Borreria tenuis DC." and
the stamp "det. Schumann in Fl. Bras." This specimen is
a possible isotype of this name.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1224:

Synonym:

"*Borreria gracillima* DC., Prodr. 4: 543. 1830, **syn.** **nov.** - *Spermacoce gracillima* (DC.) Delprete, Rev. Biol. Neotrop. 3: 72. "2006" [2007]. Type: Brazil. Tocantins: "Goyaz, prope São João da Palma" [agora cidade de Paranã, 12°36'S, 47°52'W], s.d., *Pohl* 1242 (holótipo, G-DC; isótipo, F)."

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: "Goyaz, prope São João da Palma" [now town of Paranã], s.d., *J.B.E. Pohl* 1242 (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667099]; isotypes, BR [barcode 000000530526], M [barcode M-0187065]). Photograph 6712 at F of a B specimen, which is another isotype, and is now destroyed.

**Notes:** There is a sole specimen in G-DC associated with *Borreria gracillima* DC., with barcode G00667099. On the sheet are pinned two labels, "Spermacoce tenuis-sima, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" corresponds to the year of collection of the specimen and is not a collection number. On the lower right corner is pinned a label with the annotation "Borreria? gracillima DC." handwritten by Candolle. This specimen is the holotype of *B. gracillima*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1229:
"56-16. *Spermacoce ocmifolia* Willd. ex Roem. &
Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1819. - *Hemidiodia ocmymifo-
lia* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. in Mart., Fl.
Bras. 6(6): 30. pl. 72. 1888. - *Diodia ocmymifolia* (Willd. ex
Roem. & Schult.) Bremek., Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 305.
1934. - *Borreria ocmymifolia* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.)
Bacigalupo & Cabral, Opera Bot. Belg. 307. 1996. Tipo:
"India occidentalis. *Rudolphi*" (holótipo, B-Willd.)."
**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce ocyrifolia* Willd.

Type: HAITI. "Santo Domingo", s.d. [1796-1801],
*A. Poiteau s.n. dedit K.A. Rudolphi* (holotype B-W
[barcode B-W 02609-01 0]).

**Notes:** Roemer and Schultes (1818: 530) under "Species SPERMACOCES ex Herbario Willdenoviano" presented the description and cited the material examined of *Spermacoce ocyrifolia* Willd. as "43. Spermacoce ocyrifolia; floribus verticillatis, staminibus inclusis, setis stipularum longioribus, ramulis foliisque subtus pubescentibus. *W. Mss. S. decidua Bosc. India occidentalis. Rudolphi.*" At B-W, there is a sheet, barcode B -W 02609 -01 0, in a folder with a label handwritten by Willdenow with exactly the same text, word for word as that published by Roemer and Schultes. Willdenow also wrote directly on the lower right corner of the sheet "Rudolphi. W." On the upper left corner is a label bearing "Spermacoce portoricensis, Diodia ocimifolia K. Sch." annotated by K. Schumann. On the lower left corner is a label with the annotation "Sine dubio, E Sto. Domingo (Haiti) leg. Poiteau, 1909 det. I. Urban." This specimen was collected by A. Poiteau in Haiti, provided by Rudolphi to Willdenow, and included in the Willdenow herbarium.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1234:
"56-17. *Spermacoce ovalifolia* (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 59. 1881. - *Borreria ovalifolia* M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 129. 1844. Tipo: México, "dans le savane et dans le endroits humides de la colonie de Mirador, à 3000 pieds, fl. blanches, février" *H. Galeotti 2606* (holótipo, BR)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce ovalifolia* (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.

Type: MEXICO. Veracruz: Mirador, "dans le savane et dans le endroits humides de la colonie de Mirador, à 3000 pieds, fl. blanches, février" *H. Galeotti 2606* (BR [barcode 000000532599], lectotype here designated; isolectotypes, BR [barcode 000000532566], K [barcode K000470223]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria ovalifolia*
M.Martens & Galeotti, Martens and Galeotti (1844: 129)
cited the gathering *Galeotti 2606*. As they worked at BR,
a specimen has commonly been cited as holotype. However, at BR there are two specimens of *Galeotti 2606*.

Specimen with barcode 000000532599 has a label with
handwritten annotation "Borreria ovalifolia Nobis, In
humidis Mirador" and the printed text "Jun.-Oct. Coll.
H. Galleotti, 1840. Cordillera. (Vera-Cruz) Mexico." This
specimen is here designated the lectotype of *Borreria ovalifolia*.

The other specimen of *Galeotti 2606* at BR, with
barcode 000000532566, has a label with the handwritten
text "2606. Borreria ovalifolia nobis, Mirador" and
the printed text "Coll. Galeotti, Mexico, provce de__,
hteur__, 184. fl." This specimen is an isolectotype of
*Borreria ovalifolia*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1241:
"56-18. *Spermacoce poaya* A. St. Hil., Plant. Us. Bras. 3: 1-3, tab 12 [p. 63-66]. 1824. - *Borreria poaya* (St. Hil.) DC., Prodr. 4: 549. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, Minas Gerais, sem localidade, s.d. [1816-1821], *A. Saint-Hilaire 340* (lectótipo, P, aqui selecionado; isolectótipo, P)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce poaya* A.St.Hil.

Type: BRAZIL: Without locality, s.d. [1816-1821], *A. Saint-Hilaire 340* (P [barcode P02285120], lectotype designated by Delprete (2010c: 1241); isolectotype, P [barcode P02285121]).

**Notes.** In the protologue of *Spermacoce poaya* A. St. Hil., Saint-Hilaire (1824: 3) stated that this species was extremely common in the natural pastures of the state of Minas Gerais, and did not cite any collection. His own collections of this species, although not directly cited in his publications, are original material because they were examined by him. Delprete (2010c: 1241) designated as lectotype a specimen of *Saint-Hilaire 340*, to which was later assigned barcode P02285120, and cited the isolectotype, a duplicate of that gathering at P to which was later assigned barcode P02285121.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1241:
**Synonym:**
"*Spermacoce gentianoides* A. St. Hil., Plant. Us. Bras. 3: 3, tab 12. 1824. Type: Brazil. Minas Gerais: sem localidade, s.d., *A. Saint-Hilaire s.n.* (*Catal. B1 N. 1318*) (lectótipo, P, aqui escolhido; provavel isolectótipo MPU)."

Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Without local-
ity, s.d., *A. Saint-Hilaire Catal. B1 N. 1318* (P [bar-
code P02285123], lectotype designated by Delprete
**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce ocymifolia* Willd.

Type: HAITI. "Santo Domingo", s.d. [1796-1801], *A. Poiteau s.n. dedit K.A. Rudolphi* (holotype B-W [barcode B-W 02609-01 0]).

**Notes:** Roemer and Schultes (1818: 530) under "Species SPERMACOCES ex Herbario Willdenoviano" presented the description and cited the material examined of *Spermacoce ocymifolia* Willd. as "43. Spermacoce ocymifolia; floribus verticillatis, staminibus inclusis, setis stipularum longioribus, ramulis foliisque subtus pubescentibus. *W. Mss. S. decidua Bosc. India occidentalis. Rudolphi.*" At B-W, there is a sheet, barcode B-W 02609-01 0, in a folder with a label handwritten by Willdenow with exactly the same text, word for word as that published by Roemer and Schultes. Willdenow also wrote directly on the lower right corner of the sheet "Rudolphi. W." On the upper left corner is a label bearing "Spermacoce portoricensis, Diodia ocimifolia K. Sch." annotated by K. Schumann. On the lower left corner is a label with the annotation "Sine dubio, E Sto. Domingo (Haiti) leg. Poiteau, 1909 det. I. Urban." This specimen was collected by A. Poiteau in Haiti, provided by Rudolphi to Willdenow, and included in the Willdenow herbarium.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1234: "56-17. *Spermacoce ovalifolia* (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 59. 1881. - *Borreria ovalifolia* M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 129. 1844. Tipo: México, "dans le savane et dans le endroits humides de la colonie de Mirador, à 3000 pieds, fl. blanches, février" *H. Galeotti 2606* (holótipo, BR)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce ovalifolia* (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.

Type: MEXICO. Veracruz: Mirador, "dans le savane et dans le endroits humides de la colonie de Mirador, à 3000 pieds, fl. blanches, février" *H. Galeotti 2606* (BR [barcode 000000532599], lectotype here designated; isolectotypes, BR [barcode 000000532566], K [barcode K000470223]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria ovalifolia* M.Martens & Galeotti, Martens and Galeotti (1844: 129) cited the gathering *Galeotti 2606*. As they worked at BR, a specimen has commonly been cited as holotype. However, at BR there are two specimens of *Galeotti 2606*.

Specimen with barcode 000000532599 has a label with handwritten annotation "Borreria ovalifolia Nobis, In humidis Mirador" and the printed text "Jun.-Oct. Coll. H. Galleotti, 1840. Cordillera. (Vera-Cruz) Mexico." This specimen is here designated the lectotype of *Borreria ovalifolia*.

The other specimen of *Galeotti 2606* at BR, with barcode 000000532566, has a label with the handwritten text "2606. Borreria ovalifolia nobis, Mirador" and the printed text "Coll. Galeotti, Mexico, provce de__, hteur__, 184__. fl." This specimen is an isolectotype of *Borreria ovalifolia*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1241: "56-18. *Spermacoce poaya* A. St. Hil., Plant. Us. Bras. 3: 1-3, tab 12 [p. 63-66]. 1824. - *Borreria poaya* (St. Hil.) DC., Prodr. 4: 549. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, Minas Gerais, sem localidade, s.d. [1816-1821], *A. Saint-Hilaire 340* (lectótipo, P, aqui selecionado; isolectótipo, P)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce poaya* A.St.Hil.

Type: BRAZIL: Without locality, s.d. [1816-1821], *A. Saint-Hilaire 340* (P [barcode P02285120], lectotype designated by Delprete (2010c: 1241); isolectotype, P [barcode P02285121]).

**Notes.** In the protologue of *Spermacoce poaya* A. St. Hil., Saint-Hilaire (1824: 3) stated that this species was extremely common in the natural pastures of the state of Minas Gerais, and did not cite any collection. His own collections of this species, although not directly cited in his publications, are original material because they were examined by him. Delprete (2010c: 1241) designated as lectotype a specimen of *Saint-Hilaire 340*, to which was later assigned barcode P02285120, and cited the isolectotype, a duplicate of that gathering at P to which was later assigned barcode P02285121.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1241:

**Synonym:**

"*Spermacoce gentianoides* A. St. Hil., Plant. Us. Bras. 3: 3, tab 12. 1824. Type: Brazil. Minas Gerais: sem localidade, s.d., *A. Saint-Hilaire s.n.* (*Catal. B1 N. 1318*) (lectótipo, P, aqui escolhido; provavel isolectótipo MPU)."

Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Without locality, s.d., *A. Saint-Hilaire Catal. B1 N. 1318* (P [barcode P02285123], lectotype designated by Delprete
(2010c: 1241); probable isolectotype MPU [barcode
MPU022477 (without collection number))].

**Notes.** In the protologue of *Spermacoce gentianoides* A. St. Hil., Saint-Hilaire (1824: 3) did not cite any locality, collector, or collector number. Delprete (2010c: 1241) designated as lectotype the specimen A. Saint-Hilaire s.n. (Catal. B1 N. 1318) in P, collected by Saint-Hilaire in the state of Minas Gerais to which was later assigned barcode P02285123.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1241:

**Synonym:**

"Spermacoce poaya var. pubescens" A. St. Hil., Plant. Us. Bras. 3: 3, tab 12. 1824. Type: "Paturages naturels, Province des Missions, Serra-de-S.-Xavier" A. Saint-Hilaire s.n. (Catal. C2 N. 2774 bis) (lectótipo, P, aqui escolhido; isolectótipo, P)."

Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: "Paturages naturels, Province des Missions, Serra-de-S.-Xavier," [Serra de São Francisco Xavier, Mun. São José dos Campos], s.d., A. Saint-Hilaire *Catal. C2 N. 2774 bis* (P [barcode P02285124], lectotype designated by Delprete (2010c: 1241); isolectotype, P [barcode P02285125], MPU [barcode MPU022468]).

**Notes.** In the protologue of *Spermacoce poaya* var. pubescens A.St.Hil., Saint-Hilaire (1824: 3) stated (translated from French) "This variety grows in districts more southern than the preceding [the typical variety]. I found it in natural pastures near the town of Moronga-va, province of São Paulo, and those near the Serra-de-S.-Xavier in the province of Missiones." Delprete (2010c: 1241) designated as lectotype a specimen in P, collected by Saint-Hilaire in the Serra de São Francisco Xavier, to which was later assigned barcode P02285124.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1250:

"56-19. *Spermacoce pulchristipula* (Bremek.) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1027. 2007. - *Diodia pulchristipula* Bremek., Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 713. 1936. - *Borreria pulchristipula* (Bremek.) Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 34: 151. 2000. Tipo: Suriname, Sipaliwini Savanna, Camp XI, near the Brazilian border, 10/ XII/1935 (fl, fr), *Rombouts 360* (holótipo, U; isotipo, US; foto-US em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce pulchristipula*
(Bremek.) Delprete

Type: SURINAME: Sipaliwini Savanna, Camp XI, near the Brazilian border, 10 Dec. 1935 (fl, fr), H.E. *Rombouts 360* (holotype, U [barcode U0005986]; isotypes, K [barcode K000470316], US [barcode 00130069]; photo-US at NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1254:

"56-20. *Spermacoce pumila* (DC.) Pohl ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 2: 958. 1896. - *Borreria pumila* DC., Prodr. 4: 543. 1830; non *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. var. *pumila* K. Schum. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 54. 1888 [= *Spermacoce burchellii* (E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete]. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, s.d., *Pohl s.n.* (holótipo, G-DC)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce pumila* (DC.) Pohl ex B.D.Jacks.

Type: BRAZIL: Without locality, s.d., J.B.E. Pohl s.n. (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667113]; isotype, W [Acc. No. W0028712]).

**Notes:** There is a sole sheet associated with this name at G-DC, with barcode G00667113. On the lower right corner is pinned a label with the annotation "Spermacoce pumila Pohl, Borreria _________ [pumila] DC." handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is glued a label with the annotation "Spermacoce pumila, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828." The number "1828" corresponds to the year of collection of the specimen and is not a collection number. The specimen consists of a small branch with numerous nodes with linear leaves, and numerous capitate inflorescences subtended by numerous linear leaves. This specimen is the holotype of *Borreria pumila*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1257:

"56-21. *Spermacoce reflexa* (J.H. Kirkbr.) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. - *Borreria reflexa* J.H. Kirkbr., Acta Amaz. 10: 112, fig. 18. 1980. Tipo: Brasil, Bahia, Espigão Mestre, serra a 22 km W de Barreiras, ca. 620 m, 2/III/1972 (fl, fr), W.R. Anderson, M. Stieber & J.H. Kirkbride Jr. 36482 (holótipo, UB; isótipos, NY, US)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce reflexa* (J.H. Kirkbr.) Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Espigão Mestre, serra at 22 km W from Barreiras, ca. 620 m, 2 Mar. 1972 (fl, fr), W.R. Anderson, M. Stieber & J.H. Kirkbride Jr. 36482
(2010c: 1241); probable isolectotype MPU [barcode
MPU022477 (without collection number))].

**Notes.** In the protologue of *Spermacoce gentianoides* A. St. Hil., Saint-Hilaire (1824: 3) did not cite any locality, collector, or collector number. Delprete (2010c: 1241) designated as lectotype the specimen A. Saint-Hilaire s.n. (Catal. B1 N. 1318) in P, collected by Saint-Hilaire in the state of Minas Gerais to which was later assigned barcode P02285123.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1241:

**Synonym:**

"Spermacoce poaya var. pubescens" A. St. Hil., Plant. Us. Bras. 3: 3, tab 12. 1824. Type: "Paturages naturels, Province des Missions, Serra-de-S.-Xavier" A. Saint-Hilaire s.n. (Catal. C2 N. 2774 bis) (lectótipo, P, aqui escolhido; isolectótipo, P)."

Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: "Paturages naturels, Province des Missions, Serra-de-S.-Xavier," [Serra de São Francisco Xavier, Mun. São José dos Campos], s.d., A. Saint-Hilaire *Catal. C2 N. 2774 bis* (P [barcode P02285124], lectotype designated by Delprete (2010c: 1241); isolectotype, P [barcode P02285125], MPU [barcode MPU022468]).

**Notes.** In the protologue of *Spermacoce poaya* var. pubescens A.St.Hil., Saint-Hilaire (1824: 3) stated (translated from French) "This variety grows in districts more southern than the preceding [the typical variety]. I found it in natural pastures near the town of Moronga-va, province of São Paulo, and those near the Serra-de-S.-Xavier in the province of Missiones." Delprete (2010c: 1241) designated as lectotype a specimen in P, collected by Saint-Hilaire in the Serra de São Francisco Xavier, to which was later assigned barcode P02285124.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1250:

"56-19. *Spermacoce pulchristipula* (Bremek.) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1027. 2007. - *Diodia pulchristipula* Bremek., Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 713. 1936. - *Borreria pulchristipula* (Bremek.) Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 34: 151. 2000. Tipo: Suriname, Sipaliwini Savanna, Camp XI, near the Brazilian border, 10/ XII/1935 (fl, fr), *Rombouts 360* (holótipo, U; isotipo, US; foto-US em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce pulchristipula*
(Bremek.) Delprete

Type: SURINAME: Sipaliwini Savanna, Camp XI, near the Brazilian border, 10 Dec. 1935 (fl, fr), H.E. *Rombouts 360* (holotype, U [barcode U0005986]; isotypes, K [barcode K000470316], US [barcode 00130069]; photo-US at NY).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1254:

"56-20. *Spermacoce pumila* (DC.) Pohl ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 2: 958. 1896. - *Borreria pumila* DC., Prodr. 4: 543. 1830; non *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl. var. *pumila* K. Schum. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 54. 1888 [= *Spermacoce burchellii* (E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete]. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, s.d., *Pohl s.n.* (holótipo, G-DC)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce pumila* (DC.) Pohl ex B.D.Jacks.

Type: BRAZIL: Without locality, s.d., J.B.E. Pohl s.n. (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667113]; isotype, W [Acc. No. W0028712]).

**Notes:** There is a sole sheet associated with this name at G-DC, with barcode G00667113. On the lower right corner is pinned a label with the annotation "Spermacoce pumila Pohl, Borreria _________ [pumila] DC." handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is glued a label with the annotation "Spermacoce pumila, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828." The number "1828" corresponds to the year of collection of the specimen and is not a collection number. The specimen consists of a small branch with numerous nodes with linear leaves, and numerous capitate inflorescences subtended by numerous linear leaves. This specimen is the holotype of *Borreria pumila*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1257:

"56-21. *Spermacoce reflexa* (J.H. Kirkbr.) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. - *Borreria reflexa* J.H. Kirkbr., Acta Amaz. 10: 112, fig. 18. 1980. Tipo: Brasil, Bahia, Espigão Mestre, serra a 22 km W de Barreiras, ca. 620 m, 2/III/1972 (fl, fr), W.R. Anderson, M. Stieber & J.H. Kirkbride Jr. 36482 (holótipo, UB; isótipos, NY, US)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce reflexa* (J.H. Kirkbr.) Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Espigão Mestre, serra at 22 km W from Barreiras, ca. 620 m, 2 Mar. 1972 (fl, fr), W.R. Anderson, M. Stieber & J.H. Kirkbride Jr. 36482
(holotype, UB [barcode UB0041228]; isotypes, F [Acc. No. 1886298], MO [Acc. No. 2817627], NY [barcode 01033069], US [barcode 00169806]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1261:

"56-22. *Spermacoce scabiosoides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 123. 1898 (como "scabiosodes"). - *Borreria scabiosoides* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 318. 1828. Tipo: Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, s.d., *F. Sellow s.n.* (holótipo B, destruído)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce scabiosoides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Barreiras, Prainha, margem do Rio das Ondas, 12°08'48"S, 45°00'55"W, 456 m, 1 Apr. 2009, *D. Cardoso, R.M. Salas & A.A. Cabaña-Fader 2626* (first-step neotype designated by Cabral et al. (2011: 265); HUEFS [Acc. No. 149536, barcode HUEFS00003396] **second-step neotype here designated**; isoneotypes CTES n.v., K n.v., SI n.v.]).

**Notes:** Delprete (2010c: 1261) cited the type of *Borreria scabiosoides* Cham. & Schltdl. as "Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, s.d., *Sellow s.n.* (holótipo B, destruído)." In the image of the B specimen, destroyed during WWII, the label indicates that it was collected by Sellow and has the collection number 323. However, no specimen of *Sellow 323* of *B. scabiosoides* can be found in any herbarium. In addition, specimens of *Sellow 323* from the state of São Paulo are syntypes of *Mollinedia chrysophylla* Perkins (Monimiaceae) and are present at BR, GH, K, and P.

Cabral et al. (2011: 265) about *Borreria scabiosoides* wrote "Tipo: Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, *F. Sellow s.n.* (Holótipo B†, Fot. F 884 en CTES!). Epitipo, aquí seleccionado: Brasil, Bahia, Barreiras, Prainha, margem do Rio das Ondas, 12°08'48"S, 45°00'55"W, 456 m, 1/V/2009, *D. Cardoso, R.M. Salas & A.A. Cabaña-Fader 2626* (HUEFS!, CTES!, K!, SI!)." In their discussion, they confirmed that no original specimen of *Sellow 223* of *B. scabiosoides* can be found, and that in the photograph of the destroyed B specimen, which they called "phototype" (as "fototipo (F 884)") is shown a flowering branch. However, details of flowers and seeds are not available in the photograph. They proposed as "epitype" a gathering from the state of Bahia, with duplicates distributed in numerous herbaria. In the current *Code*, the term "phototype" does not exists, and it has no meaning. Also, in the absence of original material, it is not possible to designate an epitype.

Article 9.10 of the *Code* allows the correction of an epitype to a neotype designation. As the conditions

required by Art. 7.11 of the *Code* are met, the citation of *Cardoso et al. 2626* as epitype can be corrected to a neotype designation. However, as Cabral et al. (2011) cited four specimens as "epitype", namely HUEFS, CTES, K, and SI, their citation is here interpreted as a first-step neotype designation. Following their citation, the specimens *Cardoso et al. 2626* at HUEFS is here designated as a second-step neotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1264:

"56-23. *Spermacoce schumanniana* (Taub. ex Ule) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. - *Borreria schumanniana* Taub. ex Ule in Cruls, Rapp. Comm. Expl. Plat. Centr. Bresil: 351. 1894. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, em campos abertos perto do Rio Paranaíba, /II/1893 (fl, fr), *Ule 2960* (holótipo B destruído; lectótipo HBG, escolhido por Delprete, 2007)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce schumanniana* (Taub.) Govaerts

**Notes:** *Borreria schumanniana* Taub. ex Ule was first published as a *nomen nudum* in Cruls (1894: 351). The same name was validly published by Taubert (1895: 453) with a detailed description, and the citation of the material studied as "in locis apertis ad flumen Paranahyba: Ule n. 2960." Hence the authority of this name should be assigned only to Taubert.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: "Auf freien stellen an Paranahyba" [open fields near Rio Paranaíba], Feb. 1893 (fl, fr), *E. Ule 2960* (holotype B†; lectotype HBG [barcode HBG-506551], designated by Delprete (2007: 1028); isolectotype R [2 sheets, Acc. No. 42218, barcodes R000042218, R000042218a]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1268:

"56-24. *Spermacoce schumannii* (Standl. ex Bacigalupo) Delprete in Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. RUBI 2: 754. 2005. - *Diodia gymnocephala* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 16. 1888, *nom. conf.*; non *Borreria gymnocephala* DC., Prodr. 4: 549. 1830 [= *Spermacoce palustris* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete] - *Diodia schumannii* Standl. ex Bacigalupo in A. Burkart, Fl. Ilustr. Entre Ríos. Colecc. Ci. Inst. Nac. Tecnol. Agropec. 6(6) 15, fig. 5. 1974, *nom. illeg.* - *Borreria flavovirens* Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral, Hickenia 2 (56): 261. 1998, *nom. nov. superfl.* (baseado em *D. schumannii* Standl. ex Bacigalupo). Tipo: Argentina, Entre Ríos, Dpto. La Paz, Isla Curuzú-Chalí, 10/IV/1968 (fl, fr), *Burkart et al. 27103*
(holotype, UB [barcode UB0041228]; isotypes, F [Acc. No. 1886298], MO [Acc. No. 2817627], NY [barcode 01033069], US [barcode 00169806]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1261:

"56-22. *Spermacoce scabiosoides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 123. 1898 (como "scabiosodes"). - *Borreria scabiosoides* Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 318. 1828. Tipo: Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, s.d., *F. Sellow s.n.* (holótipo B, destruído)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce scabiosoides* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Barreiras, Prainha, margem do Rio das Ondas, 12°08'48"S, 45°00'55"W, 456 m, 1 Apr. 2009, *D. Cardoso, R.M. Salas & A.A. Cabaña-Fader 2626* (first-step neotype designated by Cabral et al. (2011: 265); HUEFS [Acc. No. 149536, barcode HUEFS00003396] **second-step neotype here designated**; isoneotypes CTES n.v., K n.v., SI n.v.]).

**Notes:** Delprete (2010c: 1261) cited the type of *Borreria scabiosoides* Cham. & Schltdl. as "Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, s.d., *Sellow s.n.* (holótipo B, destruído)." In the image of the B specimen, destroyed during WWII, the label indicates that it was collected by Sellow and has the collection number 323. However, no specimen of *Sellow 323* of *B. scabiosoides* can be found in any herbarium. In addition, specimens of *Sellow 323* from the state of São Paulo are syntypes of *Mollinedia chrysophylla* Perkins (Monimiaceae) and are present at BR, GH, K, and P.

Cabral et al. (2011: 265) about *Borreria scabiosoides* wrote "Tipo: Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, *F. Sellow s.n.* (Holótipo B†, Fot. F 884 en CTES!). Epítipo, aquí seleccionado: Brasil, Bahia, Barreiras, Prainha, margem do Rio das Ondas, 12°08'48"S, 45°00'55"W, 456 m, 1/V/2009, *D. Cardoso, R.M. Salas & A.A. Cabaña-Fader 2626* (HUEFS!, CTES!, K!, SI!)." In their discussion, they confirmed that no original specimen of *Sellow 223* of *B. scabiosoides* can be found, and that in the photograph of the destroyed B specimen, which they called "phototype" (as "fototipo (F 884)") is shown a flowering branch. However, details of flowers and seeds are not available in the photograph. They proposed as "epitype" a gathering from the state of Bahia, with duplicates distributed in numerous herbaria. In the current *Code*, the term "phototype" does not exists, and it has no meaning. Also, in the absence of original material, it is not possible to designate an epitype.

Article 9.10 of the *Code* allows the correction of an epitype to a neotype designation. As the conditions

required by Art. 7.11 of the *Code* are met, the citation of *Cardoso et al. 2626* as epitype can be corrected to a neotype designation. However, as Cabral et al. (2011) cited four specimens as "epitype", namely HUEFS, CTES, K, and SI, their citation is here interpreted as a first-step neotype designation. Following their citation, the specimens *Cardoso et al. 2626* at HUEFS is here designated as a second-step neotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1264:

"56-23. *Spermacoce schumanniana* (Taub. ex Ule) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 18. 1996. - *Borreria schumanniana* Taub. ex Ule in Cruls, Rapp. Comm. Expl. Plat. Centr. Bresil: 351. 1894. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, em campos abertos perto do Rio Paranaíba, /II/1893 (fl, fr), *Ule 2960* (holótipo B destruído; lectótipo HBG, escolhido por Delprete, 2007)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce schumanniana* (Taub.) Govaerts

**Notes:** *Borreria schumanniana* Taub. ex Ule was first published as a *nomen nudum* in Cruls (1894: 351). The same name was validly published by Taubert (1895: 453) with a detailed description, and the citation of the material studied as "in locis apertis ad flumen Paranahyba: Ule n. 2960." Hence the authority of this name should be assigned only to Taubert.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: "Auf freien stellen an Paranahyba" [open fields near Rio Paranaíba], Feb. 1893 (fl, fr), *E. Ule 2960* (holotype B†; lectotype HBG [barcode HBG-506551], designated by Delprete (2007: 1028); isolectotype R [2 sheets, Acc. No. 42218, barcodes R000042218, R000042218a]).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1268:

"56-24. *Spermacoce schumannii* (Standl. ex Bacigalupo) Delprete in Reis, Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. RUBI 2: 754. 2005. - *Diodia gymnocephala* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 16. 1888, *nom. conf.*; non *Borreria gymnocephala* DC., Prodr. 4: 549. 1830 [= *Spermacoce palustris* (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete] - *Diodia schumannii* Standl. ex Bacigalupo in A. Burkart, Fl. Ilustr. Entre Ríos. Colecc. Ci. Inst. Nac. Tecnol. Agropec. 6(6) 15, fig. 5. 1974, *nom. illeg.* - *Borreria flavovirens* Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral, Hickenia 2 (56): 261. 1998, *nom. nov. superfl.* (baseado em *D. schumannii* Standl. ex Bacigalupo). Tipo: Argentina, Entre Ríos, Dpto. La Paz, Isla Curuzú-Chalí, 10/IV/1968 (fl, fr), *Burkart et al. 27103*
(holótipo, SI n.v.; isótipo, CTES n.v.; fotos-CTES em
NY, UFG).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce schumannii* (Standl.
ex Bacigalupo) Delprete

**Notes:** A separate article dealing with the complex nomenclature of this species is being prepared by Kirkbride et al. (submitted).

Type: ARGENTINA. Entre Ríos: Dpto. La Paz, Isla Curuzú-Chalí, 10 Apr. 1968 (fl, fr), A. Burkart, N.S. Troncoso, E.R. Guaglianone & R.A. Palacios 27103 (holotype, SI n.v.; isotypes, CTES n.v., US [barcode 01268546]; photos-CTES in NY, UFG).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1273:
“56-25. *Spermacoce simplicicaulis* (K. Schum. ex Sucre) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 19. 1996. - *Borreria simplicicaulis* K. Schum. ex Sucre, Rodriguésia 38: 253. 1971. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, Fazenda do Cipó, perto de Itaquira [Salto de Itiquira], II/1895 (fl), *Glaziou 21514* (holótipo, R).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce simplicicaulis*
(K.Schum. ex Sucre) Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Fazenda do Cipó, perto de Itaquira” [near Itiquira Waterfall], 3 Feb. 1895 (fl), A.F.M. *Glaziou 21514* (holotype, R [Acc. no. 9976, barcode R000009976]; isotypes F [Acc. No. 1012162], P [barcode P02285135], R [Acc. no. 9976, barcode R000009976a]; possible isotype K [barcode K001060035]).

**Notes:** Sucre (1971: 253-254) cited the holotype of *Borreria simplicicaulis* K. Schum. ex Sucre as *Glaziou 21514* at R, with the type locality “Estado de Goiás - Fazenda do Cipó, perto de Itaquira [Salto de Itiquira]” and the collection date of February 1895. At R, there are two specimens of *Glaziou 21514*, both with Accession Number 9976, and with barcode numbers R000009976 and R000009976a. Specimen with R000009976 is labeled as holotype and has the typewritten label “Borreria simplicicaulis K. Schum. ex D. Sucre Sp. Nov., D. Sucre ... outubro - 1964, Nota: Exemplares com 4 sépalas” and it is here confirmed to be the holotype. Specimen R000009976a is labeled as isotype and has no typewritten label by Sucre.

It is well-known among botanists (e.g., Santos, 2016; Sleumer, 1954; Smith, 1966; Wurdack, 1970; Delprete,

2022) that Glaziou's specimen numbering is difficult to interpret, and often misleading or erroneous. He also reported localities, which he never visited; for example, he included Amazonian collections in his herbarium citing them as collected by him in Rio de Janeiro, or specimens with the same number have labels reporting different localities (Delprete, 2022). As for *Glaziou 21514*, the labels of specimens present in different herbaria report several localities from the states of Goiás or Minas Gerais. Most likely, Glaziou's number “21514” represents a “species number” and not a collection number.

The specimen *Glaziou 21514* at K, barcode K001060035, has a label with the heading “Brazil: Chiefly Province of Goyaz” without any further information about the collection locality. This specimen is treated as a possible isotype.

There are three specimens of *Glaziou 21514* in P. The label of the specimen with barcode P02285133 reports the collection locality as “Minas” and was annotated by Glaziou, therefore it is not original material. The specimen with barcode P02285134 has a label reporting the collection date and locality as “Minas Gerais, Saia Velha dans les campos, le 22 mars 1893”, handwritten by Glaziou, and therefore, is not original material.

The third specimen of *Glaziou 21514* at P, with barcode P02285135, has a label reporting the collection date and locality as “Fazenda du Cipo, près de la superbe cascade de Itiquira, le 3 fevrier 1895”, handwritten by Glaziou. The locality on the specimen label is in the state of Goiás, hence this specimen is here treated as an isotype of *Borreria simplicicaulis*. This specimen was incorrectly determined as “Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC” by E.L. Cabral (without date).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1275:
“56-26. *Spermacoce suaveolens* (G. Mey.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124. 1898. - *Borreria suaveolens* G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81, pl. l. 1818 (syn. P. Browne, Jam. 141 excl.). - *Borreria tenella* K. Schum. var. *suaveolens* (G. Mey.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 56, pl. 76, fig. 2. 1888. - *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. *suaveolens* (G. Mey.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 825. 1972. Tipo: G.F.W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. Pl. 1. 1818 (lectótipo).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce suaveolens* (G.Mey.) Kuntze

Type: [GUYANA] [protologue] “In arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkrek”, s.d. [1790-1796], E.K.
(holótipo, SI n.v.; isótipo, CTES n.v.; fotos-CTES em
NY, UFG).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce schumannii* (Standl.
ex Bacigalupo) Delprete

**Notes:** A separate article dealing with the complex nomenclature of this species is being prepared by Kirkbride et al. (submitted).

Type: ARGENTINA. Entre Ríos: Dpto. La Paz, Isla Curuzú-Chalí, 10 Apr. 1968 (fl, fr), A. Burkart, N.S. Troncoso, E.R. Guaglianone & R.A. Palacios 27103 (holotype, SI n.v.; isotypes, CTES n.v., US [barcode 01268546]; photos-CTES in NY, UFG).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1273:
“56-25. *Spermacoce simplicicaulis* (K. Schum. ex Sucre) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 19. 1996. - *Borreria simplicicaulis* K. Schum. ex Sucre, Rodriguésia 38: 253. 1971. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, Fazenda do Cipó, perto de Itaquira [Salto de Itiquira], II/1895 (fl), *Glaziou 21514* (holótipo, R).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce simplicicaulis*
(K.Schum. ex Sucre) Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: “Fazenda do Cipó, perto de Itaquira” [near Itiquira Waterfall], 3 Feb. 1895 (fl), A.F.M. *Glaziou 21514* (holotype, R [Acc. no. 9976, barcode R000009976]; isotypes F [Acc. No. 1012162], P [barcode P02285135], R [Acc. no. 9976, barcode R000009976a]; possible isotype K [barcode K001060035]).

**Notes:** Sucre (1971: 253-254) cited the holotype of *Borreria simplicicaulis* K. Schum. ex Sucre as *Glaziou 21514* at R, with the type locality “Estado de Goiás - Fazenda do Cipó, perto de Itaquira [Salto de Itiquira]” and the collection date of February 1895. At R, there are two specimens of *Glaziou 21514*, both with Accession Number 9976, and with barcode numbers R000009976 and R000009976a. Specimen with R000009976 is labeled as holotype and has the typewritten label “Borreria simplicicaulis K. Schum. ex D. Sucre Sp. Nov., D. Sucre ... outubro - 1964, Nota: Exemplares com 4 sépalas” and it is here confirmed to be the holotype. Specimen R000009976a is labeled as isotype and has no typewritten label by Sucre.

It is well-known among botanists (e.g., Santos, 2016; Sleumer, 1954; Smith, 1966; Wurdack, 1970; Delprete,

2022) that Glaziou's specimen numbering is difficult to interpret, and often misleading or erroneous. He also reported localities, which he never visited; for example, he included Amazonian collections in his herbarium citing them as collected by him in Rio de Janeiro, or specimens with the same number have labels reporting different localities (Delprete, 2022). As for *Glaziou 21514*, the labels of specimens present in different herbaria report several localities from the states of Goiás or Minas Gerais. Most likely, Glaziou's number “21514” represents a “species number” and not a collection number.

The specimen *Glaziou 21514* at K, barcode K001060035, has a label with the heading “Brazil: Chiefly Province of Goyaz” without any further information about the collection locality. This specimen is treated as a possible isotype.

There are three specimens of *Glaziou 21514* in P. The label of the specimen with barcode P02285133 reports the collection locality as “Minas” and was annotated by Glaziou, therefore it is not original material. The specimen with barcode P02285134 has a label reporting the collection date and locality as “Minas Gerais, Saia Velha dans les campos, le 22 mars 1893”, handwritten by Glaziou, and therefore, is not original material.

The third specimen of *Glaziou 21514* at P, with barcode P02285135, has a label reporting the collection date and locality as “Fazenda du Cipo, près de la superbe cascade de Itiquira, le 3 fevrier 1895”, handwritten by Glaziou. The locality on the specimen label is in the state of Goiás, hence this specimen is here treated as an isotype of *Borreria simplicicaulis*. This specimen was incorrectly determined as “Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC” by E.L. Cabral (without date).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1275:
“56-26. *Spermacoce suaveolens* (G. Mey.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124. 1898. - *Borreria suaveolens* G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81, pl. l. 1818 (syn. P. Browne, Jam. 141 excl.). - *Borreria tenella* K. Schum. var. *suaveolens* (G. Mey.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 56, pl. 76, fig. 2. 1888. - *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. *suaveolens* (G. Mey.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 825. 1972. Tipo: G.F.W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. Pl. 1. 1818 (lectótipo).”

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce suaveolens* (G.Mey.) Kuntze

Type: [GUYANA] [protologue] “In arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkrek”, s.d. [1790-1796], E.K.
*Rodshied s.n.* (GOET, destroyed?). – G. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq., pl. 1 [excluding figs. 1–3 to the left (*Borreria parviflora*), and figs. 1–2 to the right (*Borreria stricta*)], Nov. 1818, **lectotype here designated**.

**Notes:** Meyer (1818, p. [VII]), in the introduction of *Florae Essequiboensis*, explained the origin of the specimens from the Essequibo River Basin that he studied, as follows (liberal translation from Latin): “[...] The specimens originated from the Rio Esquebo region [now Rio Essequibo], a colony that was ceded from the Belgians to the English in the year 1814, which is situated in Oriental America at the boreal latitude of 7 degrees, and occidental longitude of 42 degrees, at the mouth of the Esquebo River, comprising a number of islands and a portion of the continent. Such [plant] rarities were delivered [to me] from two sources. One part is a group of specimens that came into my possession, collected by Dr. Ernest Carl Rodshield, who conducted the art of medicine in the Essequibo Colony, where he died at the end of last century; the other part is a small number of specimens, previously collected in the same locality, most of which were indeterminate and some others were new [undescribed species], which were gracefully communicated to me by my dear friend Mertens, distinguished Professor of Bremen, famous for his multiple and acute wisdom, liberality, and indefatigable, with great praise for the study of the literary world, and for the promotion and development of botany. He was, no less than his son Enrich, emulator of his father, admirably praised in many branches of science [...], sharing the herbarium with his father, which is considered among the largest in Germany, who conferred on me, with my utmost gratitude, the authorization to manage this public institution.” Therefore, according to Meyer, the specimens that he studied for his *Florae Essequiboensis* were collected by Rodshield and an anonymous collector. Ernst Karl Rodshield was a German physician and botanist, who practiced in the Dutch colony at the mouth of the Essequibo River, from 1790 until his death in 1796 (Meyer, 1818: [VII]-X; Stafleu & Cowan, 1983: 833–834; Ek, 1990: 66). Rodshield wrote a book on medical practice and climatic conditions of the colony in which he also described 114 medicinal plants of that region (Rodshield, 1794). The mouth of the Essequibo River is now in Guyana, and not in Suriname as erroneously reported by several authors (e.g., Steyermark, 1972; Dwyer, 1980; Lorence, 1999; Adams & Taylor, 2012).

Vegter (1976: 530) reported that F.K. Mertens (1764–1831) collected in several European country but did not mention any trip to Guyana. According to the biography published by his son, F.K. Mertens never left continen-

tal Europe (Mertens, 1844). Ek (1990, p. 59) reported that Franz Karl (“Carl”) Mertens collected in Guyana in 1809, in the Essequibo Region and his specimens are at BM; this is probably a misinterpretation of Mertens’s biography of his father, as he reported that in 1809 his father lectured on two trips to the Essequibo River, Berbice and Demerara made by Bolingbroke (1807, 1809). On the other hand, in the same volume, Ek (1990) reported that the specimens used by Meyer for the *Florae Essequiboensis* were collected by Rodshield. However, as explained in the introduction of his work, the specimens used by Meyer came from two sources: those of Rodshield, and those from an anonymous collector, which Mertens passed to Meyer. Wiersema (2015) published a similar explanation about the original specimens used by Meyer, and added that after Mertens’ death in 1831, his herbarium was transferred to the St. Petersburg herbarium (LE; Stafleu & Cowans 1981). Therefore, a search at LE for original specimens of *Borreria suaveolens* is necessary to eventually locate original specimens (V. Dorofeyev, personal communication).

Meyer (1818: 81–84) provided an accurate description of *Borreria suaveolens* and included a detailed accompanying plate. He described this species as an erect shrub, 2–3 feet (60–90 cm) tall, much branched; with glabrous, reddish-brown bark; stems dichotomously branching, erect-patent, terete, with young stems slightly tetragonal; main leaves opposite, subtending axillary brachyblasts topped by 4–6 smaller leaves; leaf blades linear, glabrous, acuminate; stipules sub-cartilaginous, with numerous rigid, reddish setae; inflorescences in globose-capitate verticils, subtended by involucral bracts, similar to the cauline leaves, sometimes longer than the floral heads, subcoriaceous, rugose-veined, with ciliate margins, base membranaceous-setose, minute, bi- or tri-fid; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx tubular, narrow at the mouth, 4-lobed, lobes subulate, with membranous margin, in two pairs, one longer than the other pair (although in plate 1, the calyx lobes are consistently equal to each other), sometimes topped by a seta; corolla membranaceous, white, slightly longer than the calyx, tube cylindrical, wider at mouth (i.e., infundibuliform), 4-lobed, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, with 1 or 2 faint veins, these decurrent along the tube; stamens barely longer than the corolla, anthers bilocular, oblong-elliptic, white, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit; style filiform, slightly longer than the filaments, stigma emarginated; capsule oblong-ovoid, crowned by the aristate-lobed calyx (although the calyx lobes are not aristate), bilocular, bivalved; valves oblong, margins reflexed inwards, basally connate, apex bifid and thinly hispidulous; and seeds 2, solitary, brown, oblong, some-
*Rodshied s.n.* (GOET, destroyed?). – G. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq., pl. 1 [excluding figs. 1–3 to the left (*Borreria parviflora*), and figs. 1–2 to the right (*Borreria stricta*)], Nov. 1818, **lectotype here designated**.

**Notes:** Meyer (1818, p. [VII]), in the introduction of *Florae Essequiboensis*, explained the origin of the specimens from the Essequibo River Basin that he studied, as follows (liberal translation from Latin): “[...] The specimens originated from the Rio Esquebo region [now Rio Essequibo], a colony that was ceded from the Belgians to the English in the year 1814, which is situated in Oriental America at the boreal latitude of 7 degrees, and occidental longitude of 42 degrees, at the mouth of the Esquebo River, comprising a number of islands and a portion of the continent. Such [plant] rarities were delivered [to me] from two sources. One part is a group of specimens that came into my possession, collected by Dr. Ernest Carl Rodshield, who conducted the art of medicine in the Essequibo Colony, where he died at the end of last century; the other part is a small number of specimens, previously collected in the same locality, most of which were indeterminate and some others were new [undescribed species], which were gracefully communicated to me by my dear friend Mertens, distinguished Professor of Bremen, famous for his multiple and acute wisdom, liberality, and indefatigable, with great praise for the study of the literary world, and for the promotion and development of botany. He was, no less than his son Enrich, emulator of his father, admirably praised in many branches of science [...], sharing the herbarium with his father, which is considered among the largest in Germany, who conferred on me, with my utmost gratitude, the authorization to manage this public institution.” Therefore, according to Meyer, the specimens that he studied for his *Florae Essequiboensis* were collected by Rodshield and an anonymous collector. Ernst Karl Rodshield was a German physician and botanist, who practiced in the Dutch colony at the mouth of the Essequibo River, from 1790 until his death in 1796 (Meyer, 1818: [VII]–X; Stafleu & Cowan, 1983: 833–834; Ek, 1990: 66). Rodshield wrote a book on medical practice and climatic conditions of the colony in which he also described 114 medicinal plants of that region (Rodshield, 1794). The mouth of the Essequibo River is now in Guyana, and not in Suriname as erroneously reported by several authors (e.g., Steyermark, 1972; Dwyer, 1980; Lorence, 1999; Adams & Taylor, 2012).

Vegter (1976: 530) reported that F.K. Mertens (1764–1831) collected in several European country but did not mention any trip to Guyana. According to the biography published by his son, F.K. Mertens never left continen-

tal Europe (Mertens, 1844). Ek (1990, p. 59) reported that Franz Karl (“Carl”) Mertens collected in Guyana in 1809, in the Essequibo Region and his specimens are at BM; this is probably a misinterpretation of Mertens’s biography of his father, as he reported that in 1809 his father lectured on two trips to the Essequibo River, Berbice and Demerara made by Bolingbroke (1807, 1809). On the other hand, in the same volume, Ek (1990) reported that the specimens used by Meyer for the *Florae Essequiboensis* were collected by Rodshield. However, as explained in the introduction of his work, the specimens used by Meyer came from two sources: those of Rodshield, and those from an anonymous collector, which Mertens passed to Meyer. Wiersema (2015) published a similar explanation about the original specimens used by Meyer, and added that after Mertens’ death in 1831, his herbarium was transferred to the St. Petersburg herbarium (LE; Stafleu & Cowans 1981). Therefore, a search at LE for original specimens of *Borreria suaveolens* is necessary to eventually locate original specimens (V. Dorofeyev, personal communication).

Meyer (1818: 81–84) provided an accurate description of *Borreria suaveolens* and included a detailed accompanying plate. He described this species as an erect shrub, 2–3 feet (60–90 cm) tall, much branched; with glabrous, reddish-brown bark; stems dichotomously branching, erect-patent, terete, with young stems slightly tetragonal; main leaves opposite, subtending axillary brachyblasts topped by 4–6 smaller leaves; leaf blades linear, glabrous, acuminate; stipules sub-cartilaginous, with numerous rigid, reddish setae; inflorescences in globose-capitate verticils, subtended by involucral bracts, similar to the cauline leaves, sometimes longer than the floral heads, subcoriaceous, rugose-veined, with ciliate margins, base membranaceous-setose, minute, bi- or tri-fid; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx tubular, narrow at the mouth, 4-lobed, lobes subulate, with membranous margin, in two pairs, one longer than the other pair (although in plate 1, the calyx lobes are consistently equal to each other), sometimes topped by a seta; corolla membranaceous, white, slightly longer than the calyx, tube cylindrical, wider at mouth (i.e., infundibuliform), 4-lobed, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, with 1 or 2 faint veins, these decurrent along the tube; stamens barely longer than the corolla, anthers bilocular, oblong-elliptic, white, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit; style filiform, slightly longer than the filaments, stigma emarginated; capsule oblong-ovoid, crowned by the aristate-lobed calyx (although the calyx lobes are not aristate), bilocular, bivalved; valves oblong, margins reflexed inwards, basally connate, apex bifid and thinly hispidulous; and seeds 2, solitary, brown, oblong, some-
times narrowly so, dorsally convex, ventrally flat, with a
longitudinal groove. Along with the description of *Bor-
eria suaveolens*, Meyer (1818) cited in synonymy the
polynomial "Spermacoce fruticulosa atque ramosa, foliis
linearibus, floribus constipates ad alas. BROWN. Jam. P.
1414. N. 4." He cited the collection locality of the mate-
rial studied as "In arenosis continentis circa Arouabis-
chkrek", without citing the herbarium of deposit.

Several type citations of *Borreria suaveolens* are present in specialized literature; however, none of them are entirely correct, as in most of them, there are various errors, for the country of collection, the original collector, or by citing a non-existing specimen as type. Steyermark (1972: 819–826) treated *B. suaveolens* as a variety of a broadly delimited *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., along with a discussion on the diagnostic characters that can be used to identify the varieties that he included in *B. capitata*. He cited the type of *B. suaveolens* as "In arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkreck, Suriname, *Meyer*" without citing any herbarium; however, G.F.W. Meyer never collected in Tropical America. Dwyer (1980, p. 54), as Steyermark, cited the type of *B. suaveolens* as "Surinam, in Arenosis Continentis circa Arouabischkrek, *Meyer*, not seen." Lorence (1999: 169) cited the type of *Spermacoce suaveolens* (G. Mey.) Kuntze as "Surinam: in arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkrek, *G. Meyer s.n.* (Holotype GOET. n.v.)." Delprete (2010c: 1275) cited the type of this name as "G.F.W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq., pl. 1 (lectótipo)." However, according to Article 7.11 of the *Code* (Turland et al., 2018), this citation cannot be treated as a valid lectotypification because it lacks "here designated" or a similar expression.

Adams and Taylor (2012: 280) cited the type of this
name as "Holotype: Surinam, *Rodshied s.n.* (GOET)."
The original material of *B. suaveolens* was probably col-
lected by Rodschied in Guyana, and supposedly integrat-
ed within the Meyer herbarium, therefore it is supposed-
ly at GOET (Stafleu & Cowan, 1981: 447-448.). However,
after several exhaustive searches by Marc Appelhans,
GOET Herbarium Curator (pers. comm.), there is no
original material associated with this name in that her-
barium. A possible explanation for the lack of this mate-
rial is that the Meyer herbarium was partly destroyed in
1880-1881, and the original material of *B. suaveolens* is
no longer extant (Marc Appelhans, pers. comm.). There-
fore, the only original material for this name is Plate
1, excluding figs. 1-3 to the left (*Borreria parviflora* G.
Meyer), and figs. 1-2 to the right (*Borreria stricta* (L.f.)
G. Meyer) of Meyer's *Florae Essequeboensis*, which is
here designated the lectotype of *B. suaveolens*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1279:

"56-27. *Spermacoce tenella* Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 345. 1819. - *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 317. 1828. - *Borreria tenella* var. *genuina* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 55. 1888. - *Spermacoce suaveolens* var. *tenella* (Kunth) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124. 1898. - *Tardavel tenella* (Kunth) Standl., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 122. 1916. - *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. *tenella* (Kunth) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 823. 1972. Tipo: Venzuela, Amazonas, San Fernando de Atabapo, *Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (holótipo, P-Bonpl.; isótipo, B-Willd., fotos de B-Willd. em F, NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce orinocensis* Willd. in Roem. & Schult.

Nomenclature and typification

*Spermacoce orinocensis* Willd. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 3: 531. Apr–Jul 1818 (“oronocensis”).

(≡) *Spermacoce tenella* Kunth in Humboldt & Bonpland, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 345 (ed. quarto), 270 (ed. folio). 21 Nov 1819, *nom. illeg. superfl.*

(≡) *Borreria tenella* Cham. & Schltdl. in Linnaea 3: 317. 1828, *nom. illeg. superfl.*

(≡) *Borreria orinocensis* (Willd.) L.M.Miguel, Sobrado & E.L.Cabral, Darwiniana, n.s. 10(2): 407. 2022.

Type: VENEZUELA. Amazonas: "prope San Fer-
nando Atabapo", s.d., A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A.
Humboldt s.n. [913] (holotype, B [barcode B -W
02637 -01 0]; isotypes, HAL [barcode HAL0098363],
P-Bonpl. [barcode P00671089]).

**Notes:** For additional comments on the nomenclature and typification of the names associated with this species, see Kirkbride and Wiersema (2020), and Miguel et al. (2022).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1289:

"56-28. *Spermacoce tocantinsiana* (E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1028. 2007. - *Borreria tocantinsiana* E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Kew Bull. 59: 284. 2004. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Mun. Conceição do Tocantins, Faz. Cartão de Visita, 400 m, 11/V/2000 (fl, fr), *Hatschbach, Schinini & Barboza* 70928 (holótipo, MBM; isótipo, CTES n.v.)."
times narrowly so, dorsally convex, ventrally flat, with a
longitudinal groove. Along with the description of *Bor-
eria suaveolens*, Meyer (1818) cited in synonymy the
polynomial "Spermacoce fruticulosa atque ramosa, foliis
linearibus, floribus constipates ad alas. BROWN. Jam. P.
1414. N. 4." He cited the collection locality of the mate-
rial studied as "In arenosis continentis circa Arouabis-
chkrek", without citing the herbarium of deposit.

Several type citations of *Borreria suaveolens* are present in specialized literature; however, none of them are entirely correct, as in most of them, there are various errors, for the country of collection, the original collector, or by citing a non-existing specimen as type. Steyermark (1972: 819–826) treated *B. suaveolens* as a variety of a broadly delimited *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., along with a discussion on the diagnostic characters that can be used to identify the varieties that he included in *B. capitata*. He cited the type of *B. suaveolens* as “In arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkreck, Suriname, *Meyer*” without citing any herbarium; however, G.F.W. Meyer never collected in Tropical America. Dwyer (1980, p. 54), as Steyermark, cited the type of *B. suaveolens* as “Surinam, in Arenosis Continentis circa Arouabischkrek, *Meyer*, not seen.” Lorence (1999: 169) cited the type of *Spermacoce suaveolens* (G. Mey.) Kuntze as “Surinam: in arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkrek, *G. Meyer s.n.* (Holotype GOET. n.v.).” Delprete (2010c: 1275) cited the type of this name as “G.F.W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq., pl. 1 (lectótipo).” However, according to Article 7.11 of the *Code* (Turland et al., 2018), this citation cannot be treated as a valid lectotypification because it lacks “here designated” or a similar expression.

Adams and Taylor (2012: 280) cited the type of this
name as "Holotype: Surinam, *Rodshied s.n.* (GOET)."
The original material of *B. suaveolens* was probably col-
lected by Rodschied in Guyana, and supposedly integrat-
ed within the Meyer herbarium, therefore it is supposed-
ly at GOET (Stafleu & Cowan, 1981: 447-448.). However,
after several exhaustive searches by Marc Appelhans,
GOET Herbarium Curator (pers. comm.), there is no
original material associated with this name in that her-
barium. A possible explanation for the lack of this mate-
rial is that the Meyer herbarium was partly destroyed in
1880-1881, and the original material of *B. suaveolens* is
no longer extant (Marc Appelhans, pers. comm.). There-
fore, the only original material for this name is Plate
1, excluding figs. 1-3 to the left (*Borreria parviflora* G.
Meyer), and figs. 1-2 to the right (*Borreria stricta* (L.f.)
G. Meyer) of Meyer's *Florae Essequeboensis*, which is
here designated the lectotype of *B. suaveolens*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1279:

"56-27. *Spermacoce tenella* Kunth in Humb. & Bonpl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 345. 1819. - *Borreria tenella* (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 317. 1828. - *Borreria tenella* var. *genuina* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 55. 1888. - *Spermacoce suaveolens* var. *tenella* (Kunth) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124. 1898. - *Tardavel tenella* (Kunth) Standl., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 122. 1916. - *Borreria capitata* (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. *tenella* (Kunth) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 823. 1972. Tipo: Venezuela, Amazonas, San Fernando de Atabapo, *Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (holótipo, P-Bonpl.; isótipo, B-Willd., fotos de B-Willd. em F, NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce orinocensis* Willd. in Roem. & Schult.

Nomenclature and typification

*Spermacoce orinocensis* Willd. in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 3: 531. Apr–Jul 1818 (“oronocensis”).

(≡) *Spermacoce tenella* Kunth in Humboldt & Bonpland, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 345 (ed. quarto), 270 (ed. folio). 21 Nov 1819, *nom. illeg. superfl.*

(≡) *Borreria tenella* Cham. & Schltdl. in Linnaea 3: 317. 1828, *nom. illeg. superfl.*

(≡) *Borreria orinocensis* (Willd.) L.M.Miguel, Sobrado & E.L.Cabral, Darwiniana, n.s. 10(2): 407. 2022.

Type: VENEZUELA. Amazonas: "prope San Fer-
nando Atabapo", s.d., A.J.A.G. Bonpland & F.W.H.A.
Humboldt s.n. [913] (holotype, B [barcode B -W
02637 -01 0]; isotypes, HAL [barcode HAL0098363],
P-Bonpl. [barcode P00671089]).

**Notes:** For additional comments on the nomenclature and typification of the names associated with this species, see Kirkbride and Wiersema (2020), and Miguel et al. (2022).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1289:

"56-28. *Spermacoce tocantinsiana* (E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1028. 2007. - *Borreria tocantinsiana* E.L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Kew Bull. 59: 284. 2004. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Mun. Conceição do Tocantins, Faz. Cartão de Visita, 400 m, 11/V/2000 (fl, fr), *Hatschbach, Schinini & Barboza* 70928 (holótipo, MBM; isótipo, CTES n.v.)."
**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce tocantinsiana*
(E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Mun. Conceição do Tocantins, Rod. TO-050, 5 km S de Conceição do Tocantins, Fazenda Cartão de Visita, 400 m, 11 May 2000 (fl, fr), G. Hatschbach, A. Schinini & E. Barboza 70928 (holotype, MBM [barcode MBM251462]; isotypes, CTES [barcode CTES0013514], RB [Acc. No. 463511, barcode 00543481], SI n.v.).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1290:

"56-29. *Spermacoce verticillata* L., Sp. Pl. 102. 1753. - *Borreria verticillata* (L.) G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq., 83. 1818. - Bigelowia verticillata* (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veget. 1: 404. 1825. - Non *Spermacoce verticillata* sensu Vell., Fl. Flum. 1, tab. 127. 1825. [= *Spermacoce tenella* Kunth]. Tipo: Material cultivado no Jardim de Clifford (holótipo, LINN)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce verticillata* L.

Type: [icon] "Spermacoce verticillis globosis" in Dil-
lenius, Hort. Eltham. 2: 369, t. 277, f. 358. 1732, lec-
totype designated by Rendle, J. Bot. 72: 331. 1934.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1297:

"56-30. *Spermacoce vulpina* (Standl.) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 19. 1996. - *Borreria vulpina* Standl., Publ. Field Mus., Bot. 8: 389. 1931. Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Coches da Ponte, III/1911 (fl, fr), F.C. Beni 2802 (holótipo, B, destruído; fragmento-B em F, foto-F em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce vulpina* (Standl.) Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, Coxipó da Ponte, Mar. 1911 (fl, fr), F.C. Hoene 2802 (F [(ex B) Acc. No. 638767, barcode F0068552F], **lectotype here designated**).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria vulpina* Standl., Standley (1931: 389) cited as holotype a specimen of *Hoene 2802* at B, which was destroyed during WWII. A photograph of that specimen (F0BN049861) shows a label with the heading "Comissão Rondon, F.C. Hoene, Botanico" the typewritten annotations "Março 1911, num. 2802, Rubiaceae, Coxipó da Ponte, Cuyabá", and the annotations "Borreria vulpina Standl." handwritten by Standley. After an extensive search in numerous her-

baria, the sole extant original material associated with
this name that could be found are the fragments includ-
ed in an envelope affixed on the sheet with Accession
No. 638767 at F. The fragments, consisting of two flow-
ering heads subtended by four bracts, are sufficient for
the identifications of the species and application of the
name. The F specimen is here designated the lectotype of
*Borreria vulpina* Standl.

Delprete (2010c: 1297) incorrectly reported the col-
lector of the original gathering of this name as "*F.C. Beni
2802*". The reported last name "Beni" is a typographical
error, as the collector of this gathering was Frederico
Carlos Hoene (1882-1959).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1300:

"56-31. *Spermacoce warmingii* (K. Schum.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria warmingii* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 42. 1888. Tipo: Brasil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, s.d., *Warming s.n.* (holótipo, B, destruído, foto em F, NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce warmingii* (K.Schum.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, s.d., *E. Warming s.n.* (C [barcode C10018075], **lectotype here designated**; isolectotype C [barcode C10018076]).

**Notes:** Schumann (1888: 42) cited the material studied of *Borreria warmingii* K. Schum. as "Habitat in provincia Minaes Gerais ad Lagoa Santa: Warming." The holotype specimen at B was destroyed during WWII. Two original specimens of *Warming s.n.* of *B. warmingii* are at C. The specimen with barcode C10018075, is composed of two plants with a terminal flowering head. The specimen label has the heading "Herbarium Eug. Warming" and the handwritten text "Borreria warmingii K. Sch." by K. Schumann, and "Legit: Eug. Wrmg. [Warming] ad Lagoa Santa." This specimen is here designated the lectotype of *Borreria warmingii*.

The other specimen at C, with barcode C10018076,
consists of a single plant without the distal portion and a
distal portion of a plant with a terminal flowering head.
Most likely the fertile distal portion is the continuation
of the vegetative portion. On the sheet are affixed two
labels, one with the annotation "Martius Hb. Fl. Bras.
1058 ex p." with the printed text "det. Schumann in Fl.
Bras." The other label has the heading "Herbarium Eug.
Warming" and the handwritten text (unknown author)
"Borreria Warmingii Schum., legit Warming ad Lagoa
**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce tocantinsiana*
(E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Mun. Conceição do Tocantins, Rod. TO-050, 5 km S de Conceição do Tocantins, Fazenda Cartão de Visita, 400 m, 11 May 2000 (fl, fr), G. Hatschbach, A. Schinini & E. Barboza 70928 (holotype, MBM [barcode MBM251462]; isotypes, CTES [barcode CTES0013514], RB [Acc. No. 463511, barcode 00543481], SI n.v.).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1290:

"56-29. *Spermacoce verticillata* L., Sp. Pl. 102. 1753. - *Borreria verticillata* (L.) G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq., 83. 1818. - *Bigelowia verticillata* (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veget. 1: 404. 1825. - Non *Spermacoce verticillata* sensu Vell., Fl. Flum. 1, tab. 127. 1825. [= *Spermacoce tenella* Kunth]. Tipo: Material cultivado no Jardim de Clifford (holótipo, LINN)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce verticillata* L.

Type: [icon] "Spermacoce verticillis globosis" in Dilenius, Hort. Eltham. 2: 369, t. 277, f. 358. 1732, lectotype designated by Rendle, J. Bot. 72: 331. 1934.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1297:

"56-30. *Spermacoce vulpina* (Standl.) Govaerts, World Checklist Seed Pl. 2: 19. 1996. - *Borreria vulpina* Standl., Publ. Field Mus., Bot. 8: 389. 1931. Tipo: Brasil, Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Coches da Ponte, III/1911 (fl, fr), F.C. Beni 2802 (holótipo, B, destruído; fragmento-B em F, foto-F em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce vulpina* (Standl.) Govaerts

Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, Coxipó da Ponte, Mar. 1911 (fl, fr), F.C. Hoene 2802 (F [(ex B) Acc. No. 638767, barcode F0068552F], lectotype here designated).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria vulpina* Standl., Standley (1931: 389) cited as holotype a specimen of *Hoene 2802* at B, which was destroyed during WWII. A photograph of that specimen (F0BN049861) shows a label with the heading "Comissão Rondon, F.C. Hoene, Botanico" the typewritten annotations "Março 1911, num. 2802, Rubiaceae, Coxipó da Ponte, Cuyabá", and the annotations "Borreria vulpina Standl." handwritten by Standley. After an extensive search in numerous her-

baria, the sole extant original material associated with this name that could be found are the fragments included in an envelope affixed on the sheet with Accession No. 638767 at F. The fragments, consisting of two flowering heads subtended by four bracts, are sufficient for the identifications of the species and application of the name. The F specimen is here designated the lectotype of *Borreria vulpina* Standl.

Delprete (2010c: 1297) incorrectly reported the collector of the original gathering of this name as "*F.C. Beni 2802*". The reported last name "Beni" is a typographical error, as the collector of this gathering was Frederico Carlos Hoene (1882-1959).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1300:

"56-31. *Spermacoce warmingii* (K. Schum.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria warmingii* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 42. 1888. Tipo: Brasil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, s.d., *Warming s.n.* (holótipo, B, destruído, foto em F, NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce warmingii* (K.Schum.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, s.d., *E. Warming s.n.* (C [barcode C10018075], lectotype here designated; isolectotype C [barcode C10018076]).

**Notes:** Schumann (1888: 42) cited the material studied of *Borreria warmingii* K. Schum. as "Habitat in provincia Minaes Gerais ad Lagoa Santa: Warming." The holotype specimen at B was destroyed during WWII. Two original specimens of *Warming s.n.* of *B. warmingii* are at C. The specimen with barcode C10018075, is composed of two plants with a terminal flowering head. The specimen label has the heading "Herbarium Eug. Warming" and the handwritten text "Borreria warmingii K. Sch." by K. Schumann, and "Legit: Eug. Wrmg. [Warming] ad Lagoa Santa." This specimen is here designated the lectotype of *Borreria warmingii*.

The other specimen at C, with barcode C10018076, consists of a single plant without the distal portion and a distal portion of a plant with a terminal flowering head. Most likely the fertile distal portion is the continuation of the vegetative portion. On the sheet are affixed two labels, one with the annotation "Martius Hb. Fl. Bras. 1058 ex p." with the printed text "det. Schumann in Fl. Bras." The other label has the heading "Herbarium Eug. Warming" and the handwritten text (unknown author) "Borreria Warmingii Schum., legit Warming ad Lagoa
Santa 2/3 64 [probably meaning that it was collected on 2 March 1864], determ. Schum. [K. Schumann]." This specimen is an isolectotype of *Borreria warmingii*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1307:
"56-32. *Spermacoce wunschmannii* (K. Schum.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria wunschmannii* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 53. 1888. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, "prope Porto Real" [agora Porto Nacional], s.d. [XI/1828 -IV/1829], *Burchell 8683* (lectótipo, BR, designado por Cabral & Bacigalupo, 2005)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce wunschmannii*
(K.Schum.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: “prope Porto Real” [now Porto Nacional], s.d. [Nov. 1828–Apr. 1829], *W.J. Burchell 8683* (BR [barcode 000000530562], lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo (2005: 139); isolectotype K [barcode K000470350]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria wunschmannii* K. Schum., Schumann (1888: 53–54) cited several gatherings as “Habitat in Brasiliae provincia Goyaz prope Porto Real: *Burchell* n. 8683; inter Funil et S. João ad fluvium Tocantins: *Burchell* n. 8950, 8977.” The state of Goiás at the time of Burchell was much larger and extended all the way to the Amazon Basin, and in 1988 was divided in two states, Goiás and Tocantins. The city cited by Schumann as Porto Real is now in the state of Tocantins and currently has the name of Porto National. Cabral & Bacigalupo (2005: 139) designated the BR specimen of *Burchell 8683* as the lectotype of *B. wunschmannii*.

57. STACHYARRHENA Hook. f., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 11: 54-55, tab. 1068. 1870.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1311:
"57-1. *Stachyarrhena* cf. *harleyi* J.H. Kirkbr., Rev. Bras. Bot. 6: 114. 1984 ["1983"). Tipo: Brasil, Bahia, 20 km N along road from Una to Ilheus, 15°11'S, 39°02'W, 0-100 m, 23/I/1977 (fl), *R. Harley et al. 18184* (holótipo, UB; isótipos, CEPEC, K n.v.)."

**Accepted name:** *Stachyarrhena* cf. *harleyi*
J.H.Kirkbr.

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: 20 km N along road from Una to Ilheus, evergreen rain forest, partially dis-

turbed, 15°11'S, 39°2'W, 0-100 m, 23 Jan. 1977 (fl), *R. Harley, S.J. Mayo, R.M. Storr, T.S. Santos & R.S. Pinheiro 18184* (holotype, UB [Acc. No. 21423]; isotypes, CEPEC [Acc. No. 20527], HUEFS [Acc. No. 42135], K [2 sheets, barcodes K000015178, K000015179]).

**Gatherings in the state of Tocantins:** Mun. Tranqueira, mata de galeria, 8°11'S, 48°8'W, 15 Jan. 2002 (fr), *S.F. Lolis et al. 361* (HTO); Mun. Itacajá, Reserva Indígena Krahó, Aldeia Pedra Branca, ca. 600 m a NE da aldeia, passagem antiga, 8°18'S, 47°37'W, 9 May 2000 (fr), *A.A. Santos et al. 715* (CEN).

**Notes:** The two above cited fruiting gatherings collected in the state of Tocantins were provisionally identified as "*Stachyarrhena* cf. *harleyi* J.H.Kirkbr." Most likely, those specimens represent an undescribed species, but, as no flowering specimens are available, they remain with uncertain identity.

58. STaelia Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 364, tab. 3,
fig. 3. 1828.

**Notes:** Salas and Cabral (2010a, 2010b, 2010c), as a result of morphological comparison of species within *Staelia sensu lato*, segregated the genera *Tessiera* DC. and *Planaltina* R.M. Salas & E.L. Cabral from *Staelia*, presenting a set of flower, fruit, pollen, and vegetative characters to differentiate them. Following Salas and Cabral (2010a, 2010b, 2010c), the three genera of the *Staelia* complex are: 1) *Tessiera*, a genus of two species endemic to Mexico; 2) *Planaltina*, a genus with three species endemic to the Brazilian Planalto, occurring in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and the Federal District; 3) *Staelia*, a genus of about 17 species occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. A key to differentiate these three genera, extracted from Salas et al. (2010b), translated from Spanish, is presented below.

1. Leaves pseudoverticillate, with axillary brachyblasts; leaf blades with inconspicuous secondary veins; stipular sheath with glabrous lacinia; fruit with longitudinal and oblique dehiscence; basal portion of fruit consists of the septum, pedicel and basal portion of carpels; calyx 2-lobed, lobes equal; corolla commonly white; style bifid; seeds 0.8-1.2 mm long, ventral side without transversal grooves (except *Staelia tocantinsiana* R.M. Salas & E.L. Cabral); pollen grains small, with large ectocolpi....................*Staelia*

1. Leaves opposite, without axillary brachyblasts; leaf blades with 4-7 conspicuous secondary veins on each side of midrib; stipular sheath with pubescent lacinia; fruit with
Santa 2/3 64 [probably meaning that it was collected on 2 March 1864], determ. Schum. [K. Schumann]." This specimen is an isolectotype of *Borreria warmingii*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1307:
"56-32. *Spermacoce wunschmannii* (K. Schum.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123. 1898. - *Borreria wunschmannii* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 53. 1888. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, "prope Porto Real" [agora Porto Nacional], s.d. [XI/1828 -IV/1829], *Burchell 8683* (lectótipo, BR, designado por Cabral & Bacigalupo, 2005)."

**Accepted name:** *Spermacoce wunschmannii*
(K.Schum.) Kuntze

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: “prope Porto Real” [now Porto Nacional], s.d. [Nov. 1828–Apr. 1829], *W.J. Burchell 8683* (BR [barcode 000000530562], lectotype designated by Cabral and Bacigalupo (2005: 139); isolectotype K [barcode K000470350]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Borreria wunschmannii* K. Schum., Schumann (1888: 53–54) cited several gatherings as “Habitat in Brasiliae provincia Goyaz prope Porto Real: *Burchell* n. 8683; inter Funil et S. João ad fluvium Tocantins: *Burchell* n. 8950, 8977.” The state of Goiás at the time of Burchell was much larger and extended all the way to the Amazon Basin, and in 1988 was divided in two states, Goiás and Tocantins. The city cited by Schumann as Porto Real is now in the state of Tocantins and currently has the name of Porto National. Cabral & Bacigalupo (2005: 139) designated the BR specimen of *Burchell 8683* as the lectotype of *B. wunschmannii*.

57. STACHYARRHENA Hook. f., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 11: 54-55, tab. 1068. 1870.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1311:
"57-1. *Stachyarrhena* cf. *harleyi* J.H. Kirkbr., Rev. Bras. Bot. 6: 114. 1984 ["1983"). Tipo: Brasil, Bahia, 20 km N along road from Una to Ilheus, 15°11'S, 39°02'W, 0-100 m, 23/I/1977 (fl), *R. Harley et al. 18184* (holótipo, UB; isótipos, CEPEC, K n.v.)."

**Accepted name:** *Stachyarrhena* cf. *harleyi*
J.H.Kirkbr.

Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: 20 km N along road from Una to Ilheus, evergreen rain forest, partially dis-

turbed, 15°11'S, 39°2'W, 0-100 m, 23 Jan. 1977 (fl), *R. Harley, S.J. Mayo, R.M. Storr, T.S. Santos & R.S. Pinheiro 18184* (holotype, UB [Acc. No. 21423]; isotypes, CEPEC [Acc. No. 20527], HUEFS [Acc. No. 42135], K [2 sheets, barcodes K000015178, K000015179]).

**Gatherings in the state of Tocantins:** Mun. Tranqueira, mata de galeria, 8°11'S, 48°8'W, 15 Jan. 2002 (fr), *S.F. Lolis et al. 361* (HTO); Mun. Itacajá, Reserva Indígena Krahó, Aldeia Pedra Branca, ca. 600 m a NE da aldeia, passagem antiga, 8°18'S, 47°37'W, 9 May 2000 (fr), *A.A. Santos et al. 715* (CEN).

**Notes:** The two above cited fruiting gatherings collected in the state of Tocantins were provisionally identified as "*Stachyarrhena* cf. *harleyi* J.H.Kirkbr." Most likely, those specimens represent an undescribed species, but, as no flowering specimens are available, they remain with uncertain identity.

58. STaelia Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 364, tab. 3,
fig. 3. 1828.

**Notes:** Salas and Cabral (2010a, 2010b, 2010c), as a result of morphological comparison of species within *Staelia sensu lato*, segregated the genera *Tessiera* DC. and *Planaltina* R.M. Salas & E.L. Cabral from *Staelia*, presenting a set of flower, fruit, pollen, and vegetative characters to differentiate them. Following Salas and Cabral (2010a, 2010b, 2010c), the three genera of the *Staelia* complex are: 1) *Tessiera*, a genus of two species endemic to Mexico; 2) *Planaltina*, a genus with three species endemic to the Brazilian Planalto, occurring in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and the Federal District; 3) *Staelia*, a genus of about 17 species occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. A key to differentiate these three genera, extracted from Salas et al. (2010b), translated from Spanish, is presented below.

1. Leaves pseudoverticillate, with axillary brachyblasts; leaf blades with inconspicuous secondary veins; stipular sheath with glabrous lacinia; fruit with longitudinal and oblique dehiscence; basal portion of fruit consists of the septum, pedicel and basal portion of carpels; calyx 2-lobed, lobes equal; corolla commonly white; style bifid; seeds 0.8-1.2 mm long, ventral side without transversal grooves (except *Staelia tocantinsiana* R.M. Salas & E.L. Cabral); pollen grains small, with large ectocolpi....................*Staelia*

1. Leaves opposite, without axillary brachyblasts; leaf blades with 4-7 conspicuous secondary veins on each side of midrib; stipular sheath with pubescent lacinia; fruit with
studied as "Habitat in campis arenosis inter Alegre et fluvium S. Francisco: Riedel n. 2880 ex p.; in herb. Monacensis quoque exemplum a cl. Pohl loco haud indicato collectum asservatur." The original material at B has been destroyed, and only a photograph of the B specimen of Riedel 2880 is available at F (barcode F0BN000899). The lectotype citation of *Staelia capitata* on a K sheet was first published by Salas and Cabral (2010b: 199) on 29 July 2010. The same lectotype designation was re-published in the FGT by Salas and Souza (in Delprete, 2010c: 1320) in November 2010. On the K sheet cited by Salas and Cabral, there are two labels and two different specimens of a mixed collection of *Riedel 2880*. Because Salas and Cabral (2010b: 199) in their publications did not indicate which of the two specimens is the lectotype, a second-step designation is necessary.

On the K specimen cited by Salas and Cabral (2010b: 199), there are two labels. One label has the heading "Ex herbario horti Petropolitani" and the annotation "Staelia capitata K. Schum., Brasilia, In campis arenosis inter Alegres et R. St. Francisco, IX. 1834. Riedel." The other label has the following annotation "522. no. 2880. Borreria. C. erecto 2 ped. villoso, fol. rigidis, jubit. villosis, flor. albis verticill. In campibus arenosis Alegres et R. St. Francisco, sept 1834. Riedel" handwritten by Riedel. Near the left margin of the sheet, specimen with barcode K000470402 is *Riedel 2880 pro parte*, which is original material of *Staelia capitata*. On the right side of that specimen, there is a small plant of *Mitracarpus* sp., with barcode K000470403, which is not original material. Specimen with K000470402 is here designated the second-step lectotype of *Staelia capitata*.

On the sheet of *Riedel 2880* at BR with barcode 000000574157, there is also a mixed collection. The label on the sheet has the heading "Ex herbario horti Petropolitani", the stamp "Herb. Hort. Bruxell. - Coll. Martii" and the handwritten annotation (author unknown) "219. No. 2880. Borreria. In camp. arenosis inter Alegres et Rio St. Francisco. Sept. 34. Brasilia. Riedel." The specimen affixed on the left side of the sheet is a species of *Mitracarpus*. The specimen on the right side of the sheet is original material of *Staelia capitata* and is an isotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1328:
"58-3. *Staelia galioides* DC., Prodr. 4: 573. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, "inter Goyas et Santa Rita" [entre as cidades de Goiás e Santa Rita], s.d. [1818-1819], *Pohl 2013-822* (holótipo, G-DC; isótipos, BR, K, W)."

Accepted name: *Staelia galioides* DC.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: "inter Goyas et Santa Rita" [between the towns of Goiás and Santa Rita], s.d. [1818-1819], *J.B.E. Pohl 2013* (822d) (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667501 (without collection number)]; isotypes, BR [barcode 000000532747 (without collection number)], K [3 sheets, barcodes K000470398, K000470399, K000470400], M [barcode M-0189332 (without collection number), W [2 sheets, barcode W0028585, W0028586]].)

**Notes:** In the protologue *Staelia galioides* DC., Candolle (1830: 573) cited the material studied as "In Brasilià legit cl. Pohl." and "(v.s.)" which means that he saw a specimen in G-DC. In G-DC there is a sole specimen associated with this name, with barcode G00667501. On the lower right corner of the sheet is affixed a label with the annotation "Spermacoce galioides Pohl! - Staelia_______ [galioides] DC." handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is affixed a label with the annotation "Spermacoce galioides, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" is the year that Pohl's specimen was integrated in Candolle's herbarium, and is not a collection number. The specimen consists of a plant with two branches with numerous nodes with linear leaves and axillary brachyblasts with numerous linear leaves. At the terminal portion of the branches are present numerous small capitate inflorescences. This specimen is the holotype of *S. galioides*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1331:
"58-4. *Staelia lanigera* (DC.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 73. 1888. - *Tessiera lanigera* DC., Prodr. 4: 574. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, "prope Maria da Souza", s.d. [1818-1819], *Pohl 5085* (holótipo, G-DC, isótipo, W)."

Accepted name: *Planaltina lanigera* (K.Schum.) R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(1): 202. 2010.

Type: BRAZIL. "prope Maria da Sonza", s.d. [1818-1819], *J.B.E. Pohl 5085* (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667492 (without collection number)], isotype, W [Acc. No. W0028588]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Tessiera lanigera* DC., Candolle (1830: 574) cited the material studied as "In Brasilià legit cl. Pohl. (v.s.)". In G-DC there is a sole sheet associated with this name, with barcode G00667492. On the lower right corner of the sheet there is a label with the annotation "Tessiera lanigera DC."
studied as "Habitat in campis arenosis inter Alegre et fluvium S. Francisco: Riedel n. 2880 ex p.; in herb. Monacensis quoque exemplum a cl. Pohl loco haud indicato collectum asservatur." The original material at B has been destroyed, and only a photograph of the B specimen of Riedel 2880 is available at F (barcode F0BN000899). The lectotype citation of *Staelia capitata* on a K sheet was first published by Salas and Cabral (2010b: 199) on 29 July 2010. The same lectotype designation was re-published in the FGT by Salas and Souza (in Delprete, 2010c: 1320) in November 2010. On the K sheet cited by Salas and Cabral, there are two labels and two different specimens of a mixed collection of *Riedel 2880*. Because Salas and Cabral (2010b: 199) in their publications did not indicate which of the two specimens is the lectotype, a second-step designation is necessary.

On the K specimen cited by Salas and Cabral (2010b: 199), there are two labels. One label has the heading "Ex herbario horti Petropolitani" and the annotation "Staelia capitata K. Schum., Brasilia, In campis arenosis inter Alegres et R. St. Francisco, IX. 1834. Riedel." The other label has the following annotation "522. no. 2880. Borreria. C. erecto 2 ped. villoso, fol. rigidis, jubit. villosis, flor. albis verticill. In campibus arenosis Alegres et R. St. Francisco, sept 1834. Riedel" handwritten by Riedel. Near the left margin of the sheet, specimen with barcode K000470402 is *Riedel 2880 pro parte*, which is original material of *Staelia capitata*. On the right side of that specimen, there is a small plant of *Mitracarpus* sp., with barcode K000470403, which is not original material. Specimen with K000470402 is here designated the second-step lectotype of *Staelia capitata*.

On the sheet of *Riedel 2880* at BR with barcode 000000574157, there is also a mixed collection. The label on the sheet has the heading "Ex herbario horti Petropolitani", the stamp "Herb. Hort. Bruxell. - Coll. Martii" and the handwritten annotation (author unknown) "219. No. 2880. Borreria. In camp. arenosis inter Alegres et Rio St. Francisco. Sept. 34. Brasilia. Riedel." The specimen affixed on the left side of the sheet is a species of *Mitracarpus*. The specimen on the right side of the sheet is original material of *Staelia capitata* and is an isotype.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1328:
"58-3. *Staelia galioides* DC., Prodr. 4: 573. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, Goiás, "inter Goyas et Santa Rita" [entre as cidades de Goiás e Santa Rita], s.d. [1818-1819], *Pohl 2013-822* (holótipo, G-DC; isótipos, BR, K, W)."

**Accepted name:** *Staelia galioides* DC.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: "inter Goyas et Santa Rita" [between the towns of Goiás and Santa Rita], s.d. [1818-1819], *J.B.E. Pohl 2013* (822d) (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667501 (without collection number)]; isotypes, BR [barcode 000000532747 (without collection number)], K [3 sheets, barcodes K000470398, K000470399, K000470400], M [barcode M-0189332 (without collection number), W [2 sheets, barcode W0028585, W0028586]].)

**Notes:** In the protologue *Staelia galioides* DC., Candolle (1830: 573) cited the material studied as "In Brasilià legit cl. Pohl." and "(v.s.)" which means that he saw a specimen in G-DC. In G-DC there is a sole specimen associated with this name, with barcode G00667501. On the lower right corner of the sheet is affixed a label with the annotation "Spermacoce galioides Pohl! - Staelia_______ [galioides] DC." handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is affixed a label with the annotation "Spermacoce galioides, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" is the year that Pohl's specimen was integrated in Candolle's herbarium, and is not a collection number. The specimen consists of a plant with two branches with numerous nodes with linear leaves and axillary brachyblasts with numerous linear leaves. At the terminal portion of the branches are present numerous small capitate inflorescences. This specimen is the holotype of *S. galioides*.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1331:
"58-4. *Staelia lanigera* (DC.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 73. 1888. - *Tessiera lanigera* DC., Prodr. 4: 574. 1830. Tipo: Brasil, "prope Maria da Souza", s.d. [1818-1819], *Pohl 5085* (holótipo, G-DC, isótipo, W)."

**Accepted name:** *Planaltina lanigera* (K.Schum.) R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(1): 202. 2010.

Type: BRAZIL. "prope Maria da Sonza", s.d. [1818-1819], *J.B.E. Pohl 5085* (holotype, G-DC [barcode G00667492 (without collection number)], isotype, W [Acc. No. W0028588]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Tessiera lanigera* DC., Candolle (1830: 574) cited the material studied as "In Brasilià legit cl. Pohl. (v.s.)". In G-DC there is a sole sheet associated with this name, with barcode G00667492. On the lower right corner of the sheet there is a label with the annotation "Tessiera lanigera DC."
handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is affixed a label with the annotation "Diodia! Spermacoce! lanigera, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" is the year that Pohl's specimen was integrated in Candolle's herbarium, and is not a collection number. Pohl's collection number of this gathering is not indicated on this sheet. The specimen consists of a long branch with numerous leaf pairs and numerous axillary inflorescences. The whole plant is lanate, hence the specific epithet. This specimen is the holotype of this name.

On a sheet in W with Accession No. W0028588 are affixed several labels. One of them has the annotation "5085, Hb. Bras., Tesseria [sic!] lanigera DC, Ad Mar da Sonza, Pohl". Another label on the sheet has the annotation "Staëlia lanigera m." and the stamp "det. Schumann in Fl. Bras." On the sheet are affixed two branches with numerous leaf pairs and numerous axillary inflorescences, with the characteristic lanate vestiture. This specimen is an isotype of *Tessiera lanigera* DC.

**A species of *Planaltina* to be added to FGT:**

***Planaltina myndeliana*** R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(1): 204. 29 Jul. 2010.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Mun. São João da Aliança, Córrego das Brancas, próximo a barra do Jacaré, 9 Feb. 1994, G. Hatschbach & J.M. Silva 60266 (holotype, MBM n.v.; isotype, CTES n.v.).

**Accepted name:** *Planaltina myndeliana* R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral

Paratypes: BRAZIL. Goiás: Chapada dos Veadeiros, 21 Dec. 1967, A.P. Duarte 10670 (HB, RFA, UB, US).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1334:
"58-5. *Staelia tocantinsiana* Salas & E.L. Cabral, Rev. Biol. Netrop. 3: 1, fig. 1. "2006" [2007]. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Mun. Lagoa da Confusão, Ilha do Bananal, Parque Nacional do Araguaia, Praia do Gado, 10°24'S, 50°29'W, 180 m, 23/III/1999 (fl, fr), M.A. Silva, J.T. dos Santos, A.D. dos Santos, N.R. Oliveira, R.C. Mendonça & E. Cardoso 4091 (holótipo, IBGE; isótipos, CTES, CH, NY, RB)."

**Accepted name:** *Staelia tocantinsiana* R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Mun. Lagoa da Confusão, Ilha do Bananal, Parque Nacional do Ara-

guaia, Praia do Gado, 10°24'2"S, 50°29'7"W, 180 m, 23 Mar. 1999 (fl, fr), M.A. Silva, J.T. dos Santos, A.D. dos Santos, N.R. Oliveira, R.C. Mendonça & E. Cardoso 4091 (holotype, IBGE [Acc. No. 046561, barcode 00046561]); isotypes, CH n.v., CTES n.v., NY [barcode 01085902]).

**Notes:** Salas and Cabral (2007: 1) stated that one of the isotypes of *Staelia tocantinsiana* Salas & E.L. Cabral is at RB, but after exhaustive searches (pers. obs.) it was concluded that no such specimen is there.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1335:
"58-6. *Staelia vestita* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 78. 1888. Tipo: Brasil. Goiás, Rio Paraná a Talaya, *Burchell* 7989 (Lectótipo, BR, aqui escolhido; isolectótipos, K, P n.v.)."

**Accepted name:** *Staelia vestita* K.Schum.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: "Rio Paranán a Taláya, Riacho Atalaia [ca. 13°30'–25'S, 46°53'W]", W.J. Burchell 7989 (BR [barcode 000000532714], lectotype designated by Salas and Souza in Delprete (2010c: 1335); isolectotypes, K [barcode K000470394], P [barcode P02285109]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Staelia vestita* K.Schum., Schumann (1888: 78) cited three gatherings from Brazil: *Gardner 2187* from the state of Piauí, *Burchell 7989* from the state of Goiás, and *Martius s.n.* without locality.

Salas and Souza in Delprete (Dec. 2010c: 1335) designated as the lectotype of *Staelia vestita* the BR specimen with barcode 000000532714. The specimen has a label with the stamp "Herb. Hort. Bruxell. Coll. Martii" and the handwritten annotation "Brasília: ad Cavalcante, prov. Goyaz - H. Kewenses 1869, Burchell no. 7989." On the sheet is handwritten in pencil by Joseph H. Kirkbride Jr., "Rio Paranán to Taláya, Goiás." The penciled information about the locality was extracted from Smith and Smith's (1967) study on the itinerary of Burchell in Brazil. In that study, Smith and Smith listed Burchell's collection numbers between 7986 and 7991 as collected at "Rio Paranán to Taláya (Riaucho [! sic; Riacho] Atalaia, AGS: S 13°30'–25', W 46°53')."

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1338:
"58-7. *Staelia virgata* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 76. 1888. - *Spermacoce virgata* Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 281,
handwritten by Candolle. At the base of the specimen is affixed a label with the annotation "Diodia! Spermacoce! lanigera, Brésil, m. Pohl 1828" handwritten by an unknown author. The number "1828" is the year that Pohl's specimen was integrated in Candolle's herbarium, and is not a collection number. Pohl's collection number of this gathering is not indicated on this sheet. The specimen consists of a long branch with numerous leaf pairs and numerous axillary inflorescences. The whole plant is lanate, hence the specific epithet. This specimen is the holotype of this name.

On a sheet in W with Accession No. W0028588 are affixed several labels. One of them has the annotation "5085, Hb. Bras., Tesseria [sic!] lanigera DC, Ad Mar da Sonza, Pohl". Another label on the sheet has the annotation "Staëlia lanigera m." and the stamp "det. Schumann in Fl. Bras." On the sheet are affixed two branches with numerous leaf pairs and numerous axillary inflorescences, with the characteristic lanate vestiture. This specimen is an isotype of *Tessiera lanigera* DC.

**A species of *Planaltina* to be added to FGT:**

***Planaltina myndeliana*** R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(1): 204. 29 Jul. 2010.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: Mun. São João da Aliança, Córrego das Brancas, próximo a barra do Jacaré, 9 Feb. 1994, G. Hatschbach & J.M. Silva 60266 (holotype, MBM n.v.; isotype, CTES n.v.).

**Accepted name:** *Planaltina myndeliana* R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral

Paratypes: BRAZIL. Goiás: Chapada dos Veadeiros, 21 Dec. 1967, A.P. Duarte 10670 (HB, RFA, UB, US).

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1334:
"58-5. *Staelia tocantinsiana* Salas & E.L. Cabral, Rev. Biol. Netrop. 3: 1, fig. 1. "2006" [2007]. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Mun. Lagoa da Confusão, Ilha do Bananal, Parque Nacional do Araguaia, Praia do Gado, 10°24'S, 50°29'W, 180 m, 23/III/1999 (fl, fr), M.A. Silva, J.T. dos Santos, A.D. dos Santos, N.R. Oliveira, R.C. Mendonça & E. Cardoso 4091 (holótipo, IBGE; isótipos, CTES, CH, NY, RB)."

**Accepted name:** *Staelia tocantinsiana* R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Mun. Lagoa da Confusão, Ilha do Bananal, Parque Nacional do Ara-

guaia, Praia do Gado, 10°24'2"S, 50°29'7"W, 180 m, 23 Mar. 1999 (fl, fr), M.A. Silva, J.T. dos Santos, A.D. dos Santos, N.R. Oliveira, R.C. Mendonça & E. Cardoso 4091 (holotype, IBGE [Acc. No. 046561, barcode 00046561]); isotypes, CH n.v., CTES n.v., NY [barcode 01085902]).

**Notes:** Salas and Cabral (2007: 1) stated that one of the isotypes of *Staelia tocantinsiana* Salas & E.L. Cabral is at RB, but after exhaustive searches (pers. obs.) it was concluded that no such specimen is there.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1335:
"58-6. *Staelia vestita* K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 78. 1888. Tipo: Brasil. Goiás, Rio Paraná a Talaya, *Burchell* 7989 (Lectótipo, BR, aqui escolhido; isolectótipos, K, P n.v.)."

**Accepted name:** *Staelia vestita* K.Schum.

Type: BRAZIL. Goiás: "Rio Paranán a Taláya, Riacho Atalaia [ca. 13°30'–25'S, 46°53'W]", W.J. Burchell 7989 (BR [barcode 000000532714], lectotype designated by Salas and Souza in Delprete (2010c: 1335); isolectotypes, K [barcode K000470394], P [barcode P02285109]).

**Notes:** In the protologue of *Staelia vestita* K.Schum., Schumann (1888: 78) cited three gatherings from Brazil: *Gardner 2187* from the state of Piauí, *Burchell 7989* from the state of Goiás, and *Martius s.n.* without locality.

Salas and Souza in Delprete (Dec. 2010c: 1335) designated as the lectotype of *Staelia vestita* the BR specimen with barcode 000000532714. The specimen has a label with the stamp "Herb. Hort. Bruxell. Coll. Martii" and the handwritten annotation "Brasília: ad Cavalcante, prov. Goyaz - H. Kewenses 1869, Burchell no. 7989." On the sheet is handwritten in pencil by Joseph H. Kirkbride Jr., "Rio Paranán to Taláya, Goiás." The penciled information about the locality was extracted from Smith and Smith's (1967) study on the itinerary of Burchell in Brazil. In that study, Smith and Smith listed Burchell's collection numbers between 7986 and 7991 as collected at "Rio Paranán to Taláya (Riaucho [! sic; Riacho] Atalaia, AGS: S 13°30'–25', W 46°53')."

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1338:
"58-7. *Staelia virgata* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 76. 1888. *- Spermacoce virgata* Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 281,
531. 1818; Mant. 3: 205. 1827. *Mitracarpus virgatus* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 363. 1828. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, F.W. Sieber in *Hoffmannsegg s.n.* (holótipo, B-Willd 2634; isótipo, BR; foto-B-Willd em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Staelia virgata* (Willd.) K.Schum.

*Staelia virgata* (Willd.) K.Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 76. 1888. *Spermacoce virgata* Willd., Syst. Veg. 3: 281, 531. 1818; Mant. 3: 205. 1827. *Mitracarpus virgatus* (Willd.) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 363. 1828.

Type: BRAZIL. Pará: Without locality, s.d., F.W. Sieber in J.C. Hoffmannsegg s.n. (holotype, B-W 2634 [barcode B-W 02634-01 2]; isotypes, BR [barcode 000000532683], HAL [barcode HAL9113954], W [Acc. No. 1889-0192932]; photo-B-W in NY).

**Notes:** The names *Spermacoce virgata* Link ex Roem. & Schult. (Syst. Veg. 3: 281. 1818) and S. virgata Willd. (Syst. Veg. 3: 531. 1818) were published simultaneously in the same volume. Article 6.3 Note 2 of the Code (Turland et al. 2018) states, "When the same name, based on the same type, has been published independently at different times, perhaps by different authors, then only the earliest of these "isonyms" has nomenclatural status. The name is always to be cited from its original place of valid publication, and later isonyms may be disregarded (but see Art. 14.14)." Hence, according to Note 2 the two S. virgata names are not isonyms. Gandhi (pers. comm. 2023), in the IPNI website (https://www.ipni.org/n/60470144-2), presented the following remarks "The names S. virgata Link ex Roem. & Schult. (p. 281) and S. virgata Willd. (p. 531) have equal priority; both names were based on specimens sent by Hoffmannsegg; Cham. & Schtdl. (in Linnaea 3: 363. 1828) and DC. (Prodr. 4: 572. 1830) cited Willdenow as the author of the name on both pages; therefore, the Willdenow name is treated as having priority." Following this logic, the first sentence of Art. 53.5 is critical in solving this situation, "When two or more legitimate homonyms have equal priority (see Note 1), the first of them that is adopted in an effectively published text (Art. 29-31) by an author who simultaneously rejects the other(s) is treated as having priority." The key part of the sentence is, "... an author who simultaneously rejects the other ..." The second sentence is also critical, "Likewise, if an author in an effectively published text replaces with other names all but one of these homonyms, the homonym for the taxon that is not renamed is treated as having priority (see also Rec. F.5A.2)." The key part of the sentence is, "... other

names all but one of these homonyms ..." Hence, the name and authority accepted for the basionym of this species is *Spermacoce virgata* Willd.

59. **TOCOYENA** Aubl., Pl. Guiane 1: 131, pl. 50. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1346:

"59-1. *Tocoyena arenicola* Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 988, fig. 2. 2008. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Mun. Miracema do Tocantins, estrada a 3 km da cidade em direção de Lajeado (TO-070), área de cerrado em solo de areia branca, 9°35'13"S, 48°24'32"W, 230 m, 3/XI/2005 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete, H. Lorenzi, J.A. Lombardi & E.G. Gonçalves 9249 (holótipo, UFG; isótipos, HPL, K, MO, NY, RB, UB)."

**Accepted name:** *Tocoyena arenicola* Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Mun. Miracema do Tocantins, estrada a 3 km da cidade em direção de Lajeado (TO-070), área de cerrado em solo de areia branca, 9°35'13"S, 48°24'32"W, 230 m, 3 Nov. 2005 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete, H. Lorenzi, J.A. Lombardi & E.G. Gonçalves 9249 (holotype, UFG [Acc. No. 43350]; isotypes, HPL [2 sheets, Acc. Nos. HPL10948, HPL10950], HTO [Acc. No. unknown], K [barcode K000265571], MO [Acc. No. 6149085], NY [barcode 01182949]).

**Notes:** Delprete (2008c: 988; 2010c: 1346) wrote that one of the isotypes of *Tocoyena arenicola* Delprete is at RB. In 2009, unmounted duplicates of Delprete et al. 9249 were left at UFG to be distributed to the herbaria indicated in the protologue. However, the duplicates to be sent to RB and UB were not sent to those institutions, and one of them was sent to HTO instead.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1351:

"59-2. *Tocoyena brasiliensis* Mart., Flora 24(2), suppl. 2: 82. 1841. Tipo: Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Monte Telegraphi prope Sebastianopolis, s.d., *Luschnath in Martius Herb. Fl. Brasil. s.n.* (holótipo, BR)."

**Accepted name:** *Tocoyena brasiliensis* Mart.

Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Sebastianopolis, "Monte Telegraphi prope Sebastianopolis", Jun. 1834 (fl), *B. Luschnath s.n.* [in *Martius Herb. Fl. Brasil.*] (holotype, BR [barcode 000000578046]).
531. 1818; Mant. 3: 205. 1827. *Mitracarpus virgatus* (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 363. 1828. Tipo: Brasil, sem localidade, F.W. Sieber in *Hoffmannsegg s.n.* (holótipo, B-Willd 2634; isótipo, BR; foto-B-Willd em NY)."

**Accepted name:** *Staelia virgata* (Willd.) K.Schum.

*Staelia virgata* (Willd.) K.Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 76. 1888. *Spermacoce virgata* Willd., Syst. Veg. 3: 281, 531. 1818; Mant. 3: 205. 1827. *Mitracarpus virgatus* (Willd.) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 363. 1828.

Type: BRAZIL. Pará: Without locality, s.d., F.W. Sieber in J.C. Hoffmannsegg s.n. (holotype, B-W 2634 [barcode B-W 02634-01 2]; isotypes, BR [barcode 000000532683], HAL [barcode HAL9113954], W [Acc. No. 1889-0192932]; photo-B-W in NY).

**Notes:** The names *Spermacoce virgata* Link ex Roem. & Schult. (Syst. Veg. 3: 281. 1818) and S. virgata Willd. (Syst. Veg. 3: 531. 1818) were published simultaneously in the same volume. Article 6.3 Note 2 of the Code (Turland et al. 2018) states, "When the same name, based on the same type, has been published independently at different times, perhaps by different authors, then only the earliest of these "isonyms" has nomenclatural status. The name is always to be cited from its original place of valid publication, and later isonyms may be disregarded (but see Art. 14.14)." Hence, according to Note 2 the two S. virgata names are not isonyms. Gandhi (pers. comm. 2023), in the IPNI website (https://www.ipni.org/n/60470144-2), presented the following remarks "The names S. virgata Link ex Roem. & Schult. (p. 281) and S. virgata Willd. (p. 531) have equal priority; both names were based on specimens sent by Hoffmannsegg; Cham. & Schtdl. (in Linnaea 3: 363. 1828) and DC. (Prodr. 4: 572. 1830) cited Willdenow as the author of the name on both pages; therefore, the Willdenow name is treated as having priority." Following this logic, the first sentence of Art. 53.5 is critical in solving this situation, "When two or more legitimate homonyms have equal priority (see Note 1), the first of them that is adopted in an effectively published text (Art. 29-31) by an author who simultaneously rejects the other(s) is treated as having priority." The key part of the sentence is, "... an author who simultaneously rejects the other ..." The second sentence is also critical, "Likewise, if an author in an effectively published text replaces with other names all but one of these homonyms, the homonym for the taxon that is not renamed is treated as having priority (see also Rec. F.5A.2)." The key part of the sentence is, "... other

names all but one of these homonyms ..." Hence, the name and authority accepted for the basionym of this species is *Spermacoce virgata* Willd.

59. **TOCOYENA** Aubl., Pl. Guiane 1: 131, pl. 50. 1775.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1346: "59-1. *Tocoyena arenicola* Delprete, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 988, fig. 2. 2008. Tipo: Brasil, Tocantins, Mun. Miracema do Tocantins, estrada a 3 km da cidade em direção de Lajeado (TO-070), área de cerrado em solo de areia branca, 9°35'13"S, 48°24'32"W, 230 m, 3/XI/2005 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete, H. Lorenzi, J.A. Lombardi & E.G. Gonçalves 9249 (holótipo, UFG; isótipos, HPL, K, MO, NY, RB, UB)."

**Accepted name:** *Tocoyena arenicola* Delprete

Type: BRAZIL. Tocantins: Mun. Miracema do Tocantins, estrada a 3 km da cidade em direção de Lajeado (TO-070), área de cerrado em solo de areia branca, 9°35'13"S, 48°24'32"W, 230 m, 3 Nov. 2005 (fl, fr), P.G. Delprete, H. Lorenzi, J.A. Lombardi & E.G. Gonçalves 9249 (holotype, UFG [Acc. No. 43350]; isotypes, HPL [2 sheets, Acc. Nos. HPL10948, HPL10950], HTO [Acc. No. unknown], K [barcode K000265571], MO [Acc. No. 6149085], NY [barcode 01182949]).

**Notes:** Delprete (2008c: 988; 2010c: 1346) wrote that one of the isotypes of *Tocoyena arenicola* Delprete is at RB. In 2009, unmounted duplicates of Delprete et al. 9249 were left at UFG to be distributed to the herbaria indicated in the protologue. However, the duplicates to be sent to RB and UB were not sent to those institutions, and one of them was sent to HTO instead.

FGT, vol. 40(3), p. 1351: "59-2. *Tocoyena brasiliensis* Mart., Flora 24(2), suppl. 2: 82. 1841. Tipo: Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Monte Telegraphi prope Sebastianopolis, s.d., *Luschnath in Martius Herb. Fl. Brasil. s.n.* (holótipo, BR)."

**Accepted name:** *Tocoyena brasiliensis* Mart.

Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Sebastianopolis, "Monte Telegraphi prope Sebastianopolis", Jun. 1834 (fl), *B. Luschnath s.n.* [in *Martius Herb. Fl. Brasil.*] (holotype, BR [barcode 000000578046]).