Hyperlink is not dead!

Benjamin Ooghe-Tabanou, Mathieu Jacomy, Paul Girard, Guillaume Plique

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Benjamin Ooghe-Tabanou, Mathieu Jacomy, Paul Girard, Guillaume Plique. Hyperlink is not dead!. WS.2 2018 International conference on Web Studies, Paris, France - October 03 - 05, 2018, Oct 2018, Paris, France. hal-03903954

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<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>
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# Hyperlink is not dead!

Digital Tools & Uses Congress

MSH Paris Nord - October 4th, 2018

Benjamin Ooghe-Tabanou - Mathieu Jacomy - Paul Girard - Guillaume Plique
Sciences Po médialab (@medialab_ScPo)

SciencesPo
MÉDIALAB
Hyperlink is not dead!

Benjamin Ooghe-Tabanou
Sciences Po, médialab
Paris, France
benjamin.ooghe@sciencespo.fr

Paul Girard
Sciences Po, médialab
Paris, France
paul.girard@sciencespo.fr

Mathieu Jacomy
Sciences Po, médialab
Paris, France
mathieu.jacomy@gmail.com

Guillaume Plique
Sciences Po, médialab
Paris, France
guillaume.plique@sciencespo.fr

ABSTRACT

The emergence and success of web platforms nurtured a trend within social studies: "Hyperlink is dead!". Capturing their users into mobile applications and specialised web interface to propose them a specific user experience (and business model), the platforms indeed created new information silos in the open World Wide Web space. The simplified availability of user behavioural data through these platforms APIs reinforced this idea in academic communities by providing scholars with an easy way to collect rich user centric data for their research. After discussing the methodological aspects of the web divide between platforms and classical websites, we will argue that although it becomes more and more invisible, the hyperlink, modern incarnation of intertextual links between documents, is still a central and structural element of the web. Hyperlinks remain an invaluable resource to turn the web into a research field in spite of the complexity to collect, manipulate and curate them. We will illustrate those methodological challenges by describing the choices we made in designing Hyphe, a tool dedicated to the creation of web corpora tailored for mining hypertexts.

CCS CONCEPTS

• Information systems → Web mining; Web applications; In-
ternet communications tools;

KEYWORDS

Hyperlink, hypertext, web mining, crawler, corpus, curation, net-
work analysis.

ACM Reference Format:

Benjamin Ooghe-Tabanou, Mathieu Jacomy, Paul Girard, and Guillaume Plique. 2018. Hyperlink is not dead! In *International conference on Web Studies (WS.2 2018), October 3-5, 2018, Paris, France*. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3240431.3240434

1 ARE HYPERTEXT STUDIES OUTDATED?

The World Wide Web's original design as a vast open documentary
space built around the concept of hypertext made it a fantastic

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner / author(s).

WS.2 2018, October 3-5, 2018, Paris, France
© 2018 Copyright held by the owner / author(s).
ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-6438-6/18/10.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3240431.3240434

research field to study networks of actors. As a literary technology,
hyperlinks concepts are anything but new: "*Links are intrinsic to
documents, and have been for millennia*" [27]. According to Bardini
[5], two main concepts are embedded in hypertexts: association
and connection. Hypertexts allow to create conceptual associations
between documents - a powerful function when used in a free and
creative context - but they can also be very efficient in connecting
documents to communicate ideas (i.e. conceptual links) within a
community.

When Tim Berners-Lee proposed his World Wide Web (WWW) project, hypertexts were presented more as a way to connect documents to enhance communication through navigation than as form of conceptual associations: "*The texts are linked together in a way that one can go from one concept to another to find the information one wants. (...) The process of proceeding from node to node is called navigation*" [6]. But following Bardini [5], if associative hyperlinks are created freely by authors for their own use, connective ones which have a value within a community are more likely to be moderated. Although the goal of the WWW is to enhance information flows across communities, connections between documents are not controlled, as each individual website's author is responsible only for the connections from his website to the rest of the WWW.

1.1 Hyperlinks directionality: a bottom-up hierarchy

This directionality of the links reveals asymmetrical associations
between the linked documents: the referer knows the referee but
not necessarily the other way around. Considering hyperlinks as
references provides powerful insights on the distribution of influ-
ence on the web. As the study of complex networks has demon-
strated, online connections are not randomly distributed across
the web. According to the principle known as the "Mathew effect"
or "preferential attachment" [4], new web documents tend to cite
the already most cited documents, reinforcing the concentration of
links to a small fraction of pages. A hierarchy naturally emerges
from this pattern across all scales of the web: it can be observed
locally (eg. inside Wikipedia) as well as in its general structure. This
hierarchy is bottom-up because it emerges spontaneously rather
than by design, but also because hyperlinks tend to flow from a
metaphorical bottom to a metaphorical top. Actors with high visi-
bility drawing most of citations are a handful compared to the mass
of low visibility actors who cite them. The structure emerging from
the direction of hyperlinks was famously leveraged by Google's

http://hyphe.medialab.sciences-po.fr/docs/20181004-ACM-WebStudies-HyperlinkIsNotDead.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1145/3240431.3240434
1. From the web to platforms:
a (not so) brief history of hyperlinks

2. médialab: enabling digital field work
through design & engineering

3. Hyphe: curate hypertexts into
web corpora

4. Many angles of hypertext studies
1. From the web to platforms:
a (not so) brief history of hyperlinks

2. médialab: enabling digital field work
through design & engineering

3. Hyphe: curate hypertexts into
web corpora

4. Many angles of hypertext studies
# The Web: a vast open documentary space

> « Links are intrinsic to documents, and have been for millennia. »

Nelson, T. H. (1992). Literary Machines 93.1. Sausalito, CA: Mindful Press
# Hyperlinks: the backbone of the world wide web

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

« The texts are linked together in a way that one can go from one concept to another to find the information one wants.

The network of links is called a **web**. [...]

The texts are known as **nodes**.

The process of proceeding from node to node is called **navigation**. »

Tim Berners-Lee, 1990, WorldWideWeb: Proposal for a HyperText Project
# Hyperlinks: a familiar & transparent feature

> « *But from the very beginning [...]*
> the web has had **one defining feature** that
> we tend to overlook today, because it has become
> **so intuitive and natural that it goes unnoticed.** »

Brügger, 2017, Connecting textual segments: A brief history of the web hyperlink
Hyperlinks reflect assymetrical associations

« *A hyperlink is a manifestation of intention.* »

*By linking one page to another, one piece of text to another, people intend to do particular things.* »

Ryfe, Mensing, & Kelley, 2016, What is the meaning of a news link?
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

CC-BY-NC - Randall Munroe - XKCD
# A bottom-up hierarchy emerged from hyperlinks

« Matthew effect » : preferential attachment

→ new web pages tend to cite the already most cited ones

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>
# The 2010's divide: the Web Vs. gated platforms

* 1999: Google's « PageRank » algorithm

L. Page, S. Brin & al. 1999. The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web.

→ development of Search Engines Optimization

→ hyperlinks at the core of online visibility

* 2004: Facebook

* 2006: Twitter

* 2010's: « platformization » of the web, smartphones

→ capturing users with sharing buttons behind closed gates

→ increasing importance of likes & retweets

* 2018: legal definition of platforms in EU copyright reform

« The definition of an online content sharing service provider under this Directive shall cover information society service providers one of the main purposes of which is to store and give access to the public or to stream significant amounts of copyright protected content uploaded / made available by its users, and that optimise content, and promote for profit making purposes, including amongst others displaying, tagging, curating, sequencing, the uploaded works or other subject-matter, irrespective of the means used therefor, and therefore act in an active way. »
# Are hyperlinks studies outdated?

* A new trend in Social Sciences: will LIKES replace LINKS?

* The rise of APIs in SHS:

→ simple access to massive and structured user centric data
(Twitter, Facebook...)

→ development of Single platform studies

→ risks of commercial & ethical close-back
(LinkedIn, Cambridge Analytica...)

* Working with the web otherwise can be hard:
heterogeneous formats, unstructured messy data...
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

« Google is nice, but we need something better »

The Indian Express, 2011
1. From the web to platforms:
a (not so) brief history of hyperlinks

2. médialab: enabling digital field work
through design & engineering

3. Hyphe: curate hypertexts into
web corpora

4. Many angles of hypertext studies
médialab @ Sciences Po

* Pluridisciplinary Research Lab created by Bruno Latour in May 2009, led by Dominique Cardon since 2017

* Social Sciences, Engineering & Design

* Articulate qualitative & quantitative methods through a digital approach

* Work with digital traces

* Deploy an ecosystem of tools
http://tools.medialab.sciences-po.fr

* METAT: a monthly Open Support Workshop
https://www.sciencespo.fr/recherche/fr/content/metat-latelier-de-methodes

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>
# The Web as a research field

**DIME Web:** one of three instruments of EQUIPEX DIME SHS

## Methodological research and support

- Network analysis, Controversies studies

- Collect, enrich, clean, visualize & analyze digital traces:

- → **Generic** collection & exploration tools

- → **Specific** extraction scripts

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>
# A Quali/Quanti approach: exploratory iterations

Digital ≠ Magic

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

→ always avoid full automation
# Research Driven Development

* Aim at large **Adoption**:

→ **build** tools fit for Social Scientists

→ **design** user centric interfaces

→ **publish** tools directly usable online

* Ensure maximum **Reusability**:

→ **seize opportunities** to implement new functionalities

→ **Free Libre Open Source Software**
(downloadable, installable, editable, reviewable, improvable)
# Playground: working with platforms' APIs

* « Application Programming Interfaces »

* Structured data

* Massive and/or complete

* User behavioral data

* Problems:

- volume

- rate limits

- black boxes

- platforms' perspectives

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

Developer

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

## API reference index

### Accounts and users

#### Follow, search, and get users

* GET followers/ids

* GET followers/list

* GET friends/ids

* GET friends/list

* GET friendships/incoming

* GET friendships/lookup

* GET friendships/no_replies/ids

* GET friendships/outgoing

* GET friendships/show

* GET users/lookup

* GET users/search

* GET users/show

* GET users/suggestions

* GET users/suggestions/:slug

* GET users/suggestions/:slug/members

* POST friendships/create

* POST friendships/destroy

* POST friendships/update
# Gazouilloire: systematic collection of tweets data

https://github.com/medialab/gazouilloire

Live and continuous collection via Search & Stream:

- tweets by keywords, urls, users, places, langages (up to 10 days back)

- threads and attached medias

- user profiles

```json
{
    "twitter": {
        "user": "Gazou_medialab2",
        "key": "",
        "secret": "",
        "_token": "",
        "oauth_secret": ""
    },
    "mongo": {
        "host": "localhost",
        "port": 27017,
        "db": "tweets-naturpradi"
    },
    "keywords": [
        "écologique Paris",
        "végétation Paris",
        "verger Paris",
        "grenelle environnement Paris",
        "locavore Paris"
    ],
    "time_limited_keyword": {
        "geolocalisation": null,
        "geolocalisation_type": "admin",
        "resolve_redirected-links": true,
        "grab_conversations": true,
        "download_medias": true,
        "medias_directory": "/store/tweets/naturpradi/media/",
        "timezone": "Europe/Paris",
        "debug": true
    }
}
```
# CatWalk: qualitatively pick tweets from a corpus

https://medialab.github.io/catwalk/

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

## « *Tinder-like* » review of all tweets listed in a CSV to decide to take them IN or OUT
# SeeAlsology: semantic exploration from Wikipedia

http://tools.medialab.sciences-po.fr/seealsology/

## Build & explore a semantic network of fields linked within « See Also » sections of Wikipedia pages

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

WIKIPÉDIA
L'encyclopédie libre

Accueil

Portals thématiques

Article au hasard

Contact

Contribuer

Débutter sur Wikipédia

Aide

Communauté

Modifications récentes

Faire un don

Outils

Pages liées

Suivi des pages liées

Importer un fichier

Pages spéciales

Lien permanent

Informations sur la page

Élément Wikidata

Citer cette page

Imprimer / exporter

Créer un livre

Télécharger comme

PDF

Version imprimable

Dans d'autres projets

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>

Wikimédia
Commons

Dans d'autres
langues

العربية

Català

Deutsch

English

Español

Euskara

## Humanités numériques

Les humanités numériques (ou digital humanities, abrégées "DH", voire humanités digitales²) sont un domaine de recherche, d'enseignement et d'ingénierie au croisement de l'informatique et des arts, lettres, sciences humaines et sciences sociales.

Sommaire [afficher]

## Définition
[ modifier | modifier le code ]

Les humanités numériques peuvent être définies comme l'application du « savoir-faire des technologies de l'information [et de l'informatique/infosciences] aux questions de sciences humaines et sociales »³.

<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

Exemple de recherche en humanités numériques : répertoire d'archives⁴ sous forme d'analyse de réseau de métadonnées.

## Voir aussi
[ modifier | modifier le code ]

### Logiciels
[ modifier | modifier le code ]

* Gephi est un logiciel libre open source, issu du projet e-Diaspora, permettant la visualisation, l'analyse et l'exploitation en temps réel de données relationnelles ou réseaux.

* IRAMTeQ est un logiciel libre d'analyse de texte, développé par Pierre Ratinaud.

* Voyant Tools permet de visualiser et d'explorer des textes

* Prospero (PROgramme de Sociologie Pragmatique, Expérimentale et Réflexive sur Ordinateur - © Doxa) est un logiciel d'analyse de données textuelles qualifié par ses concepteurs de technologie littéraire pour les sciences humaines. Le logiciel a été conçu par le sociologue Francis Chateauraynaud et l'informaticien Jean-Pierre Charriau.

* Philcarto est un logiciel de cartographie. Le code n'en est pas libre, mais le logiciel est gratuit (freeware). Il fonctionne sur Windows.

* OpenRefine est un logiciel libre et gratuit de lissage de données (anciennement nommée Google refine).

* Le projet DiRT recense de très nombreux logiciels: DiRT² (archive) (Digital Research Tools - en Anglais).

### Articles connexes
[ modifier | modifier le code ]

* Bibliothèque numérique

* Fouille de textes

* Littérature numérique

* Logométrie

* Moteur de recherche

## Paste your list of wikipedia articles here or try an example

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanit%C3%A9s_num%C3%A9riques

## Stop words (press enter or separate the works with a comma)

Wikipedia: x Category: x File: x wikisource: x Commons: x
liste d x index d x catégories d x portal x désambigulation x
résumé d x Catégorie: x Fichier: x add a word and press Enter

Distance

2

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>

Parent links

START CRAWLING

DOWNLOAD

CLEAR CACHE

Click a node to visit it on Wikipedia
● seeds ● level -1 ● level 0 ● level 1 ● level 2

Ctrl+Click a node to add it to the seeds

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>
# APIs are rare: data Scraping to the rescue

* Extract information from a specific single source

* Build structured data from all kinds of web contents
  url, date, author, image, description, place, values...

→ Enable statistics & quantitative analysis

* Whatever is public & formatted can be scraped

* Problem: The web constantly changes

→ Maintenance issues

<figure><img src="image_24.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_26.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

CC-BY-NC - Randall Munroe - XKCD
# Artoo.js: the browser scraping companion

https://medialab.github.io/artoo/

* Common scraping traps:

- user authentification

- cookies

- dynamic pages with JS...

* Avoid simulating browsers: hack them!

* Embed jQuery helpers to scrap directly from within the browser's console (F12)

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>

> var data = artoo.scrapeTable( ".wikitable", {headers: 'th'} );
undefined

> data.length;
49

> data[0];
Object {Country: " World", CO2 emissions (kt) in 2014[2]: "35,669,000",
" % CO2 Emissions by Country": "100%", Emission per capita (t) in 2014[3]:
"5.0"}

> artoo.save应该是这个意思，不过我这里还是定义了 undefined
# Google bookmarklets: search results as CSV

https://medialab.github.io/google-bookmarklets/

<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>

Simple buttons installable into the browser's bookmarks to let one easily scrap search results as tabular data
# Crawling: harvest data from a variety of sources

* Extract coherent data from heterogeneous sources

* Build loosely structured data from common grounds found within web documents (pages)

- text content → natural language processing

- hyperlinks → network analysis

* Problem: the web is a « dirty mess »
  redirections, erroneous links, dead links, disappeared websites, bad encoding...
1. From the web to platforms:
a (not so) brief history of hyperlinks

2. médialab: enabling digital field work
through design & engineering

3. Hyphe: curate hypertexts into
web corpora

4. Many angles of hypertext studies
# The interlinked mycellium: a network of hyphæ

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /><figcaption>CC-BY-SA - Rob Hille on Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure>
# Hyphe: a research directed crawler

http://hyphe.medialab.sciences-po.fr/demo/

Build your own web documents corpus
to study social phenomena online

→ gather « web actors »

→ explore hyperlinks between them

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>

hyphe

<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

http://medialab.github.io/double-dating-data/

COP 21
Vie privée
Extrême droite
Tissu associatif
Produits laitiers
Cellules souches
Administrations culturelles

...

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>

http://utopies-concretes.org/
# There is no such thing as a « website » !

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

→ « **WebEntities** » : bundles of webpages aggregating coherent actors to answer a specific research question
= set of URL prefixes
# Finely delimit the web territories of actors

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

Manually setup prefix patterns to adjust the cursor of « WebEntities »

<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>
# Which data structure to manage hypertexts?

https://medialab.github.io/hyphe-traph/fosdem2018/#/

- **Tree of URLs**

- **Graph of hyperlinks**

- **Dynamic branches aggregates**

→ Hyphe's Traph

<figure><img src="image_37.png" /></figure>
# Hyphe's crawling strategy: leverage hyperlinks

* Classical crawlers (**DMI's IssueCrawler**): Snowball
  → Top Layer attraction (Google, YouTube, Wikipedia...)
  → Topic drifts

<figure><img src="image_38.png" /></figure>

* Hyphe:

- crawl exclusively pages within the chosen WebEntities

- sort discovered entities by degree of citation

- humanly select new entities to include and crawl

<figure><img src="image_39.png" /></figure>
# Web prospection loop: curating a corpus iteratively

* Step by step iterative expansion & curation of entities

<figure><img src="image_40.png" /></figure>

* Human/Time cost

* How to know when to stop?

→ hyperlink citations threshold
# Qualify the corpus entities (tagging)

* Free notes

* Categories

<figure><img src="image_41.png" /></figure>
# HyBro: a web browser designed for corpus curation

https://github.com/medialab/hyphe-browser/releases/

<figure><img src="image_42.png" /></figure>

## « NaviCrawler » heritage : build a Hyphe web corpus while browsing

→ « in-situ » prospection & tagging (digital field work)

→ teach the web to students (IDEFI FORCCAST)
1. From the web to platforms:
a (not so) brief history of hyperlinks

2. médialab: enabling digital field work
through design & engineering

3. Hyphe: curate hypertexts into
web corpora

4. Many angles of hypertext studies
# Many ways to use Hyphe

* Complete methodology includes:

sourcing, automatized collection, iterative corpus building
qualitative categorization, exploratory analysis,
network visualization, quantitative statistical analysis

* Diverse audiences:

- Research: help social scientists work on digital fields

- Pedagogy: teach students what the web is beyond Google & Facebook

* Possible small & large scale analyses:

- a website's internal structure

- a theme's ensemble of actors and their ties

- a controversy's alliances & oppositions

- etc.
From above: clusters, opposition & affinity

<figure><img src="image_43.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_44.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_45.png" /></figure>
# From within: explore webpages contents

EXPLORE WEB ENTITIES

## PRIVACY WEB CORPUS

SciencesPo
MÉDIALAB

<figure><img src="image_46.png" /></figure>

AXA
Research Fund
Through Research, Protection

<figure><img src="image_47.png" /></figure>

Dato
Innovation Lab

ABOUT

<figure><img src="image_48.png" /></figure>

2,313 ENTITIES

7,549 entities represented as a cloud

<figure><img src="image_49.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_50.png" /></figure>

Search

<figure><img src="image_51.png" /></figure>

Apple FBI backdoor

### nakedsecurity.Sophos

https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/category/technologies/operating-s..
developers would rather quit than give FBI a backdoor A lead
developer for the Tor Project said

### Helpnetsecurity

https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/tag/backdoor/
encryption backdoors a bad idea March 4, 2016 backdoor
cybercriminals encryption Apple and the FBI

### nakedsecurity.Sophos

https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2016/03/23/tor-project-says-devel..
developers would rather quit than give FBI a backdoor 23 Mar 2016 1
Apple, iOS, Law & order, Privacy

### nakedsecurity.Sophos

https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2016/03/23/tor-project-says-devel..
developers would rather quit than give FBI a backdoor 23 Mar 2016 1
Apple, iOS, Law & order, Privacy

### Sidstamm

http://blog sidstamm com/2016_02_01_archive.html
their phones vulnerable is not the right approach. The current public
discourse on the Apple vs. FBI "open

### Laquadrature

https://mediakit.laquadrature.net/view.php?full=1&id=2374
20160219[AC] LCP Chiffrement Apple FBI Download: MP4, WebM,
How to embed ?

### Laquadrature

https://mediakit.laquadrature.net/view.php?id=2374
20160219[AC] LCP Chiffrement Apple FBI Download: MP4, WebM,
How to embed ?

### Laquadrature

https://mediakit.laquadrature.net/view.php?full=1&id=2374
20160219[AC] LCP Chiffrement Apple FBI Download: MP4, WebM,
How to embed ?

<figure><img src="image_52.png" /></figure>

## Topics

Surveillance FR

Business & Media

Surveillance US

Cybersecurity

Big data & Analytics

Data Regulation FR

Cookies & Tracking

Telec Operators FR

Card and ID fraud

EXPLORE TOPICS

http://tools.medialab.sciences-po.fr/privacy/
# From the sides: a hierarchy of directed hyperlinks

<figure><img src="image_53.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_54.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_55.png" /></figure>

## Conspiracy theorists

- Not reliable

- Not cited

- Cite many reliable sources

<figure><img src="image_56.png" /></figure>

## Right and extreme right

- Not reliable

- Cited only by conspiracyists

- Cite many reliable sources

<figure><img src="image_57.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_58.png" /></figure>

## French national media

- Reliable (*in this qualification)

- Cited by everyone

- Cite only platforms and regional media
# Hyperlinks directionality: a bottom-up hierarchy

<figure><img src="image_59.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_60.png" /></figure>

Most hyperlinks stem from the unreliable and aim at the reliable resources

Each bloc's surface is proportional to the count of websites. The color code si the same as the "Décodex".

<figure><img src="image_61.png" /></figure>

The thickness si proportional to the normalized link density*

<figure><img src="image_62.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_63.png" /><figcaption>Explore polarization dynamics</figcaption></figure>
# Roadmap: what next?

* Import / export corpora or lists of web entities & crawls:
  → duplication, reproduction
  → longitudinal time exploration

* Integrated text processing (NLP) for content analysis

* Use modern web technologies to handle JavaScript powered contents (Facebook, React applications, etc.)

* Quality control tools for crawls

* Archival & exploration tools to publish finalized web corpora

* Propose automatic setups of Hyphe as Software As A Service

<figure><img src="image_64.png" /></figure>
# Hyperlink is not dead: long live hyperlink studies!

* 10-year financial support of EQUIPEX
  → building cutting-edge research instruments demands long-term support

* Hyphe is Free & Open Source, try it online with the demo!

https://hyphe.medialab.sciences-po.fr/demo/

https://github.com/medialab/hyphe

## Questions?

benjamin.ooghe@sciencespo.fr

@boogheta @medialab_ScPo
Bibliography

Reference publications:

- Jacomy M., Venturini T., Heymann S., Bastian M. (2014), ForceAtlas2, a Continuous
  Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi
  Software, PLoS ONE, 9(6), 1-18
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098679

- Jacomy M., Girard P., Ooghe-Tabanou B., Venturini T. (2016), Hyphe, a Curation-
  Oriented Approach to Web Crawling for the Social Sciences, ICWSM 2016, Cologne
https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl://2441/6obemb2hsj9pboj9bbvc7sftne

- Plique G., Jacomy M., Ooghe-Tabanou B., Girard P. (2018), It's a Tree... It's a Graph...
  It's a Traph! Designing an on-file multi-level graph index for the Hyphe web crawler,
  FOSDEM 2018, Bruxelles
https://medialab.github.io/hyphe-traph/fosdem2018/#/

- Ooghe-Tabanou B., Girard P., Jacomy M., Plique G. (2018), Hyperlink is not dead!, ACM
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Studies (WS.2 2018) Paris.

http://hyphe.medialab.sciences-po.fr/docs/20181004-ACM-WebStudies-HyperlinkIsNotDead.pdf