# The Practice of Enterprise Modeling

João Paulo A. Almeida, Monika Kaczmarek-Heß, Agnes Koschmider,
Henderik A Proper

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João Paulo A. Almeida, Monika Kaczmarek-Heß, Agnes Koschmider, Henderik A Proper. The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. Springer Nature Switzerland, LNBIP-497, 2024, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 978-3-031-48582-4. 10.1007/978-3-031-48583-1. hal-05442208

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João Paulo A. Almeida ·
Monika Kaczmarek-Heß · Agnes Koschmider ·
Henderik A. Proper
Editors

# The Practice of
Enterprise Modeling

16th IFIP Working Conference, PoEM 2023
Vienna, Austria, November 28 – December 1, 2023
Proceedings

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Springer
Editors

João Paulo A. Almeida
Federal University of Espírito Santo
Vitória, Brazil

Monika Kaczmarek-Heß
University of Duisburg-Essen
Essen, Germany

Agnes Koschmider
University of Bayreuth
Bayreuth, Germany

Henderik A. Proper
TU Wien
Vienna, Austria

ISSN 1865-1348

ISSN 1865-1356 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

ISBN 978-3-031-48582-4

ISBN 978-3-031-48583-1 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48583-1

© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2024

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Preface

This volume of the *Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing* series contains the proceedings of the 16th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM), held in Vienna, Austria, during November 28th to December 1st, 2023. The PoEM working conference aims to improve the understanding of the practice of Enterprise Modeling (EM) by offering a forum for sharing experiences and knowledge between the academic community and practitioners from industry and the public sector.

These proceedings include 12 full papers selected out of 34 full papers sent for peer review (35.3% acceptance rate). All submissions have been thoroughly reviewed in a single-blind process by three program committee members. The review process was led by the program committee chairs João Paulo A. Almeida and Monika Kaczmarek-Heß overseen by the general chairs Henderik A. Proper and Agnes Koschmider. The selected papers cover topical areas such as *Enterprise Modeling and Artificial Intelligence, Enterprise Modeling and Emerging Architectures, Enterprise Modeling and Digital Transformation, Enterprise Modeling Tools and Approaches*, etc. We would like to show our greatest appreciation to the submitting authors and the members of the program committee as well as additional reviewers for their hard work.

This year, the theme of the conference is *Enterprise Modeling in the Circular Economy*. The theme reflects the importance of enterprise modeling methods, techniques, and tools to enable enterprises to move to more sustainable practices. We are glad to see in these proceedings papers that are aligned with this theme.

The proceedings further include abstracts of the invited talks of our keynote speakers: Anna-Vera Deinhammer, Professor for Sustainable Real Estate Development at Vienna University of Applied Sciences for Management and Communication, and Iva Kovacic, Professor for Integrated Planning and Head of Institute for Building and Industrial Construction at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vienna University of Technology. We would like to express our sincere gratitude for their presentations and attendance at our event.

This year's PoEM was collocated with the 13th Enterprise Design & Engineering Working Conference (EDEWC). We would like to thank the EDEWC PC chairs Cristine Griffo, Monika Malinova Mandelburger, and Sérgio Guerreiro for their collaboration; the week's program reflects the synergy of the communities involved in the two conferences. Separate proceedings for the collocated conference are to appear also in the Springer LNBIP series as post-proceedings.

Part of the program of PoEM (and jointly EDEWC) is devoted to the PoEM/EDEWC Forum, which was designed to offer a platform for discussing emerging ideas, challenges, methods, techniques, and tools relevant for Enterprise Modeling. The Forum aims at a high level of interactivity between presenters and participants. Companion post-conference proceedings are published separately and include papers selected for the PoEM/EDEWC Forum, the Enterprise Modeling Tools Forum, and satellite workshops of PoEM 2023.
We would like to thank the PoEM steering committee for entrusting us with the responsibility of organizing this year's conference. We would like to thank PoEM/EDEWC Forum chairs Sérgio Guerreiro and Sybren de Kinderen, as well as the workshop chairs David Aveiro and Tiago Prince Sales, and Enterprise Modeling Tools Forum chairs Dominik Bork and Mark Mulder for their work. We would like to express our gratitude to the local organization committee, including Angela Edlinger, Aleksandar Gavric, and Marianne Schnellmann. We would like to thank the Business Informatics Group of the Technical University of Vienna for hosting the conference.

Finally, there can be no conference without engaged participation: we would like to express our deep gratitude to all who contributed with their insights to make our conference program interesting and all those who came to Vienna for PoEM 2023.

October 2023

João Paulo A. Almeida

Monika Kaczmarek-Heß

Agnes Koschmider

Henderik A. Proper
# Organization

## General Chairs

Henderik A. Proper
Agnes Koschmider

TU Wien, Austria
University of Bayreuth, Germany

## Program Chairs

João Paulo A. Almeida
Monika Kaczmarek-Heß

Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

## Workshop and Working Sessions Chairs

David Aveiro
Tiago Prince Sales

University of Madeira, Portugal
University of Twente, The Netherlands

## Joint EDEWC and PoEM Forum Chairs

Sérgio Guerreiro
Sybren de Kinderen

Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands

## Enterprise Modeling Tools Forum

Dominik Bork
Mark Mulder

TU Wien, Austria
TEEC2, The Netherlands

## Local Organization Committee

Angela Edlinger
Aleksandar Gavric
Marianne Schnellmann

TU Wien, Austria
TU Wien, Austria
TU Wien, Austria
## Steering Committee

Anne Persson

Janis Stirna

Kurt Sandkuhl

University of Skövde, Sweden

Stockholm University, Sweden

University of Rostock, Germany

## Program Committee

Raian Ali

Souvik Barat

Balbir Barn

Judith Barrios Albornoz

Dominik Bork

Robert Andrei Buchmann

Rimantas Butleris

Tony Clark

Sybren de Kinderen

Paul Drews

Michael Fellmann

Hans-Georg Fill

Ana-Maria Ghiran

Jaap Gordijn

Jānis Grabis

Giancarlo Guizzardi

Jens Gulden

Simon Hacks

Martin Henkel

Knut Hinkelmann

Stijn Hoppenbrouwers

Jennifer Horkoff

Manfred Jeusfeld

John Krogstie

Ulrike Lechner

Beatriz Marín

Andreas L. Opdahl

Jose Ignacio Panach

Oscar Pastor

Luca Piras

Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar

Tata Consultancy Services Research, India

Middlesex University, UK

University of Los Andes, Venezuela

TU Wien, Austria

Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca, Romania

Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania

Aston University, UK

TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany

University of Rostock, Germany

University of Fribourg, Switzerland

Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Riga Technical University, Latvia

University of Twente, The Netherlands

Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Stockholm University, Sweden

Stockholm University, Sweden

FHNW, Switzerland

HAN Univ. of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands

Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden

University of Skövde, Sweden

Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway

Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany

Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain

University of Bergen, Norway

Universitat de València, Spain

Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain

Middlesex University, UK
<table><tr><td>Rūta Pirta</td><td>Riga Technical University, Latvia</td></tr><tr><td>Geert Poels</td><td>Ghent University, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Andrea Polini</td><td>University of Camerino, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Jolita Ralyté</td><td>University of Geneva, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><td>Ben Roelens</td><td>Open Universiteit, The Netherlands and Ghent University, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Kristina Rosenthal</td><td>FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Kurt Sandkuhl</td><td>University of Rostock, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Estefanía Serral</td><td>KU Leuven, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Nikolay Shilov</td><td>SPC RAS, Russia</td></tr><tr><td>Monique Snoeck</td><td>KU Leuven, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Janis Stirna</td><td>Stockholm University, Sweden</td></tr><tr><td>Darijus Strasunskas</td><td>HEMIT, Norway</td></tr><tr><td>Stefan Strecker</td><td>University of Hagen, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Yves Wautelet</td><td>Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium</td></tr><tr><td>Hans Weigand</td><td>Tilburg University, The Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>Robert Woitsch</td><td>BOC Products & Services AG, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>Jelena Zdravkovic</td><td>Stockholm University, Sweden</td></tr><tr><td>Steffen Zschaler</td><td>King's College London, UK</td></tr></table>

## Additional Reviewers

Christ, Sven
Fedeli, Arianna
Kapočius, Kęstutis
Reiz, Achim
Winkler, Philip
Keynotes
# The Butterfly Potential: The DNA of the Transformation to a Regenerative Circular Economy is a Quadruple Helix

Anna-Vera Deinhammer

Sustainable Real Estate Development, Vienna University of Applied Sciences for Management and Communication, Austria
Anna-Vera.Deinhammer@fh-wien.ac.at

The fundamental preconditions for climate protection are decided at city level because cities are responsible for around 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, it is becoming ever more widely understood that climate protection can only succeed in the context of a just transition to a circular economy.

At this point the Quadruple Helix Approach comes into play, which is a concept defining the collaboration of academia, industry, government, and society as necessary to ensure that innovative solutions are relevant, feasible and sustainable. Of course, it is not possible to always discuss all aspects in a grassroots approach with all stakeholders. But that's not necessary if we identify possible contributors from the other strands of the Quadruple Helix as we develop content or concepts for transformation and prioritize the focus groups as part of a knowledge web.

Aspects of research and development should, on the one hand, be integrated into cultural-social habits and, on the other hand, into economic and regulatory capabilities for implementation. Even if we make the transformation somehow happen by solely updating the regulatory frameworks or constantly adding particles for pseudo-business-novelties just for demonstrating action, a transformed built environment as well as economy cannot function under outdated frameworks.

These two assumptions lead to only one logical conclusion: change is no longer enough; we need to transform our economy! Instantly, we are wondering “*What is the difference between change and transformation?*” The answer might be given with the parable of the caterpillar, which lives a ground-bound life, but needs a completely different system when it has transformed into a butterfly – specifically, the aerial one.

This lecture will showcase the three innovation-fields which are interconnected together through the Quadruple Helix approach for the new paradigm of transformation towards a circular economy, focusing on real estate as an example: (1) governance and building culture, (2) economics and sustainable finance, and (3) integrated engineering sciences.
# Digital Tools for Circular Construction – BIM and Beyond

Iva Kovacic

Institute for Building and Industrial Construction, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, TU Wien, Austria

Iva.Kovacic@tuwien.ac.at

The strong population growth and urbanization are increasing the global resources and energy consumption. The AEC (architecture, engineering and construction) industry is responsible for 60% of the extracted raw materials and generates 40% of the energy-related CO2 emissions. In Austria, the AEC sector is responsible for 70% of total annual waste – facts that are underlining the importance of implementing strategies for enhancement of resources efficiency through strategies for circularity. Circular construction aims, next to achievement of long life duration, to maximize reusability and recyclability. The building stock has great potential to serve as raw material reservoir, however currently there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge about the actual building stock, which is the largest obstacle for reusing and recycling of materials and elements. Further, in order to enhance circular construction, strategies along the value chain along the lifecycle are needed, addressing all of the stakeholders through joint and accessible models and knowledge bases.

At the Department for Integrated Planning and Industrial Building we are developing a comprehensive Digital Platform for Circular AEC – an ecosystem of digital tools and processes for enhancement of circularity along the lifecycle – from design, over operation, deconstruction and finally second life of buildings.

The platform unifies several supplementary tools and concepts, developed in a number of funded cooperative research projects – BIM-based Material Passports, as fundamental of digital cadaster; integrated BIM-based methods for assessment of both resources and energy performance (project SCI_BIM), and finally a concept for a digital urban mining platform for Vienna within research project **BIMstocks**. This approach represents the continuation of the framework developed in SCI_BIM, which investigated an integrated determination of geometry and material by coupling laser scanning and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology for the semi-automated BIM-Model generation. SCI_BIM demonstrated that GPR technology needs further testing to a) apply it to different building structures and b) build up a material database, which would significantly increase the efficiency of material determination.

**BIMstocks** proposes a method for generation of consistent digital documentation of the material composition of existing building stock; and for modeling of the secondary raw materials cadaster combining top-down and bottom-up approaches.

In the bottom-up approach, we analyzed and scanned 10 different use cases, as representative types of Viennese buildings according to their function and age. Upon the assessment via inspection, invasive methods and finally GPR a catalogue of BIM-Objects for types was generated, which enabled us to create BIM models for all of
the buildings of the same typology on the city level. In the top-down approach, such material-informed BIM models were allocated in a GIS model of the city of Vienna, which enabled generation of a GIS-based Urban Mining Platform, which embeds the obtained material and geometry information of the use cases and predicts the recycling potential, the material flow and waste mass.

The *innovation* of the project is the coupling of different technologies, which enable upscaling from component-level to city-level: scanning technology using Ground Penetrating Radar, application of machine learning for the automated determination of material compositions, and predictive modelling at city level in the digital urban mining platform. For the first time the uncertainties resulting from the use case samples, the measured values and the extrapolation are estimated.

The result is a *concept* for the publicly accessible GIS-based Urban Mining Platform, based on a building catalogue of typical Viennese buildings, built with GPR scans and subsequent machine learning algorithms, upscaled to the city level, which should increase the knowledge of the material composition of the existing stock and increase recycling rates. As future outlook, new buildings planned in BIM could also easily be integrated into the platform.
# Contents

## Enterprise Modeling and Artificial Intelligence

Adaptation of Enterprise Modeling Methods for Large Language Models ... 3
Balbir S. Barn, Souvik Barat, and Kurt Sandkuhl

EA ModelSet – A FAIR Dataset for Machine Learning in Enterprise Modeling ... 19
Philipp-Lorenz Glaser, Emanuel Sallinger, and Dominik Bork

Towards AI as a Service for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME) ... 37
Leon Griesch, Jack Rittelmeyer, and Kurt Sandkuhl

## Emerging Architectures and Digital Transformation

Evaluating ArchiMate for Modelling IoT Systems ... 57
Yara Verhasselt, Janis Stirna, and Estefanía Serral

A Domain-Specific e³value Extension for Analyzing Blockchain-Based Value Networks ... 74
Simon Curty and Hans-Georg Fill

Building a New Information Technology Operating Model to Support Digital Transformation: A Case Study in Oil and Gas Sector ... 91
Muhammad Suleman, Jolita Ralyté, Samuli Pekkola, and Tuomas Ahola

## Modeling Tools and Approaches

A Vision for Flexible GLSP-Based Web Modeling Tools ... 109
Dominik Bork, Philip Langer, and Tobias Ortmayr

Investigating Quality Attributes in Behavior-Driven Development Scenarios: An Evaluation Framework and an Experimental Supporting Tool ... 125
Yves Wautelet, Anousheh Khajeh Nassiri, and Konstantinos Tsilionis

Semiautomatic Design of Ontologies ... 143
Michael Grüninger, Amanda Chow, and Janette Wong
Enterprise Modeling at Work

Enterprise Modelling Can Be Used as a Research Method: An Application to Sustainability Reporting Research
Sergio España, Gudrun Thorsteinsdottir, Vijanti Ramautar, and Oscar Pastor
161

Using the Business Motivation Model as an Organising Principle to Clarify Public Policy
Helena Zhemchugova, Friederike Stock, and Lutho Madala
177

A Study on the Impact of the Level of Participation in Enterprise Modeling
Anne Gutschmidt, Charlotte Verbruggen, and Monique Snoeck
193

Author Index
209