PUBLICATIONS

Gibeaux S., Mártinez-Garrido M. I., Fort R., Thomachot-Schneider C., Vázquez P. "Wireless environmental monitoring and portable techniques for decay risk analysis at St. Joseph Chapel (Reims, France)", Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Volume 272, 2018, Pages 102-113, ISSN 0924-4247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2017.12.016

Gibeaux S., Vázquez P., De Kock T., Cnudde V., Thomachot-Schneider C. "Weathering assessment under X-Ray tomography of building stones submitted to acid exposures with current pollution rate", Construction & Building Materials, Volume 168, 20 April 2018, Pages 187-198, ISSN 0950-0618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.120

Gibeaux S., Thomachot-Schneider C., Eyssautier-Chuine S., Marin B., Vázquez P. "Simulation of acid weathering on natural and artificial building stones according to the current atmospheric SO2/NOx rate", under review in Environmental Earth Sciences.

Gibeaux S., Touron S., Costa P. and Gelliot E. "Identification of pictorial matter used in rock art in Honduras and El Salvador archaeological sites." In preparation for submission to Journal of Archaeological Science.

Eyssautier-Chuine S., Marin B., Thomachot-Schneider C., Fronteau G., Schneider A., **Gibeaux S.**, Vazquez P. "Simulation of acid rain weathering effect on natural and artificial carbonate stones." *Environmental Earth Sciences* 75, Issue 9, no. 748 (2016) : 1-19,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5555-z

Vazquez P., Carrizo L., Thomachot-Schneider C., **Gibeaux S.**, Francisco J.A. "Influence of surface finish and composition on the deterioration of building stones exposed to acid atmospheres." *Construction and Building Materials* 106 (2016): 392-403,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.125

Vazquez P., Acuña M., Benavente D., **Gibeaux S.**, Navarro I., Gomez-Heras M. "Evolution of surface properties of ornamental granitoids exposed to high temperatures." *Construction and Building Materials* 104, (2016): 263-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.051

CONFERENCES ATTENDED

Gibeaux S.*, Thomachot-Schneider C., Vázquez P. "Non-Destructive Techniques coupled to environmental monitoring to assess the decay of building stones in urban area", *Japan Geosciences Union and the American Geophysical Union Joint Meeting 2017*, Chiba (Japan), May 20-25, 2017.

Gibeaux S.*, Vázquez P., De Kock T., Cnudde V., Barbin V., Thomachot-Schneider, C. "The impact of acid exposure on reconstituted stones studid by X-Ray Computed Micro-tomography", 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE YOuth in COnservation of CUltural Heritage YOCOCU 2016, Madrid (Spain), September 21-23, 2016.

Gibeaux S.*, Thomachot-Schneider C., Schneider A., Cnudde V., De Kock T., Barbin V., Vázquez P. "Experimental Study of the Ageing of Building Stones Exposed to Sulfurous and Nitric Acid Atmospheres", 13th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Paisley (Scotland), September 6-10, 2016.

Gibeaux S., Thomachot-Schneider C.*, Vázquez P., Schneider A., Laratte S., Turmel A., Gommeaux M., Eyssautier S. "Combined portable Non Destructive Techniques (NDT) in order to assess the decay of building stones in urban environment, the case study of St André Church (Reims, France)", *The World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium WMESS 2015*, Prague (Czech republic), September 7-11, 2015.

Schneider A., Vazquez P.*, **Gibeaux S.**, Thomachot-Schneider C. "Comparison of 3D scanning techniques for their application to restored stones." *The World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium WMESS 2015*, Prague (Czech republic), September 7-11, 2015.
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Le projet IFEPAR s'intéresse à l'impact des nouvelles concentrations de polluants atmosphériques sur le patrimoine restauré de la ville de Reims afin d'évaluer les cinétiques d'altération actuelles et d'anticiper les restaurations futures des monuments. A l'échelle de monuments rémois restaurés, un suivi continu de la température, de l'humidité relative et des polluants atmosphériques grâce au développement d'un réseau de capteurs autonomes en énergie et en transfert de données (3G), et un suivi périodique de l'état de surface des pierres des façades ont été mis en place. A l'échelle d'échantillons de pierres de construction et de leur réseau poreux, des tests de vieillissement accéléré par des expositions en atmosphères et solutions acides ont été réalisés. Le suivi micro-environnemental en direct des monuments est désormais possible. Il a mis en évidence l'existence des concentrations plus élevées que les données de fond (ATMO) et des différences importantes entre deux façades d'un même monument. Les suivis de l'état de surface par NDT ont montré que les surfaces restaurées sont moins réactives que les surfaces déjà altérées. Les tests de vieillissement simulant différents rapports de concentrations en NOₓ et SO₂ et illustrant l'inversion constatée ces dernières décennies, montrent que la concentration en SO₂ reste déterminante dans les processus et les cinétiques d'altération. L'étude à l'échelle microscopique sous HRXCT permet une prédiction du comportement microstructural des pierres à long terme. Cette étude montre l'importance de coupler le suivi in situ à des études approfondies en laboratoire.

Mots-clés : altération de la pierre, pollution atmosphérique, patrimoine restauré, suivi environnemental, tests de vieillissement accéléré.

## IFEPAR -Impact of the environmental agents on restored heritage

The IFEPAR project focuses on the impact of new concentrations of atmospheric pollutants on the restored heritage of Reims (France) in order to assess the current alteration kinetics and to anticipate the future restorations on monuments. For this purpose, a multi-scale approach was carried out. At the scale of restored monuments, a continuous monitoring of temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pollutants through the development of a network of autonomous sensors network and data transfer (3G), and a periodic monitoring of the surface conditions of the façade stones have been set. At the scale of the samples and the porous network of the original and the restoration stones, laboratory accelerated ageing tests by atmospheric deposition and acid solutions were carried out. The micro-environmental monitoring of monuments is now possible. It pointed out the existence of significant differences between two façades of the same monument and sometimes higher values compared to background data (ATMO). Monitoring of the surface conditions by NDT showed little differences in 2 years, even if the restored surfaces appear less reactive than the altered surfaces. The ageing tests simulating different ratios of NOₓ and SO₂ and illustrating the inversion observed in recent decades show that the concentration of SO₂ remains decisive in the processes and kinetics of alteration. The microscopic study under HRXCT allowed a prediction of the microstructural behavior of stones in the long term. This study demonstrates the importance of linking in situ monitoring with in-depth laboratory studies.

Keywords : stone weathering, air pollution, restored heritage, environmental monitoring, laboratory aging tests.

Discipline : SCIENCES DE L'UNIVERS

Spécialité : Géosciences de l'environnement

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