# Molecular diversity of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in France suggests multiple introductions in the South-east and local maintenance in weeds

Atiwich Patthamapornsirikul, Victor Golyaev, Hervé Vanderschuren, Eric Verdin, Cecile Desbiez

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Atiwich Patthamapornsirikul, Victor Golyaev, Hervé Vanderschuren, Eric Verdin, Cecile Desbiez. Molecular diversity of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in France suggests multiple introductions in the South-east and local maintenance in weeds. 20. Rencontres de virologie végétale (RVV 2025), Jan 2025, Aussois, France. hal-05147815

HAL Id: hal-05147815

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05147815v1

Submitted on 7 Jul 2025

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Molecular diversity of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in France suggests multiple introductions in the South-east and local maintenance in weeds

Atiwich Patthamapornsirikul<fnref n="1" /> (atiwich.patthamapornsirikul@inrae.fr), Victor Golyaev<fnref n="2" />, Hervé Vanderschuren<fnref n="2" />, Eric Verdin<fnref n="1" />, Cécile Desbiez<fnref n="1" />

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is currently emerging in cucurbit crops throughout the Mediterranean basin. Mediterranean ToLCNDV is marked by a high genetic uniformity, distinguishing it from its Asian relatives and suggesting a monophyletic origin. In France, ToLCNDV was first detected in autumn 2020 in the South-east. Although it was not observed in 2021, it has been detected again in the same areas every year since 2022, suggesting a local maintenance or (re) introductions. Complete sequencing of French ToLCNDV isolates by Sanger or Cider-Seq indicated that all isolates belonged unambiguously to the Mediterranean clade of ToLCNDV. However, sequence analysis of 2020-2023 isolates indicated the presence of two molecular groups for DNA-A and four groups for DNA-B within French populations, with A+B combinations "A1+B1" and "A2+B2" being present from 2020 to 2023, and other combinations detected since 2022. The presence of these two distinct populations since 2020 suggests that at least two introductions of ToLCNDV had taken place at that time, and that the different populations were maintained locally over the four years, including in 2021 when the virus was not detected in crops. Surveys of weeds close to infected cucurbit crops indicated that the wild perennial cucurbits bryony (Bryonia dioica) and squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium) could constitute reservoirs allowing the local overwintering of ToLCNDV. The high frequency of mixed infections with several molecular groups in weeds suggests that they could play an important role in virus evolution through recombination or reassortment.

Mots clés : ToLCNDV - Evolution - Phylogeny.

<footnote n="1">¹ Pathologie Végétale, INRAE, Montfavet, France</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgique</footnote>