# Climate elasticity of streamflow revisited – an elasticity index based on long-term hydrometeorological records

Vazken Andréassian, Laurent Coron, Julien Lerat, Nicolas Le Moine

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Vazken Andréassian, Laurent Coron, Julien Lerat, Nicolas Le Moine. Climate elasticity of streamflow revisited – an elasticity index based on long-term hydrometeorological records. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2016, 20 (11), pp.4503 - 4524. 10.5194/hess-20-4503-2016. hal-01414947

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# Climate elasticity of streamflow revisited – an elasticity index based on long-term hydrometeorological records

Vazken Andréassian¹, Laurent Coron¹,ª, Julien Lerat², and Nicolas Le Moine³

¹Iirstea, Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit (HBAN), Antony, France

²Bureau of Meteorology, Canberra, Australia

³Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, Paris, France

ªnow at: EDF-DTG, Toulouse, France

Correspondence to: Vazken Andréassian (vazken.andreassian@irstea.fr)

Received: 6 March 2015 – Published in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 1 April 2015

Revised: 12 July 2016 – Accepted: 23 August 2016 – Published: 10 November 2016

**Abstract.** We present a new method to derive the empirical (i.e., data-based) elasticity of streamflow to precipitation and potential evaporation. This method, which uses long-term hydrometeorological records, is tested on a set of 519 French catchments.

We compare a total of five different ways to compute elasticity: the reference method first proposed by Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001) and four alternatives differing in the type of regression model chosen (OLS or GLS, univariate or bivariate). We show that the bivariate GLS and OLS regressions provide the most robust solution, because they account for the co-variation of precipitation and potential evaporation anomalies. We also compare empirical elasticity estimates with theoretical estimates derived analytically from the Turc–Mezentsev formula.

Empirical elasticity offers a powerful means to test the extrapolation capacity of those hydrological models that are to be used to predict the impact of climatic changes.

# 1 Introduction

## 1.1 About hydrological elasticity

In a context of growing uncertainty regarding water resources due to climate change, simple tools able to provide robust estimates of this impact are essential to support policy and planning decisions. Streamflow elasticity is one such tool: it describes the sensitivity of the changes in streamflow related to changes in a climate variable (Schaake and Liu, 1989).

$ε_{Q/X}$, the elasticity of streamflow $Q$ to a climate variable $X$, is defined by the following equation:

$$ \Delta Q / \bar{Q} = \varepsilon_{Q/X} \Delta X / \bar{X}, \qquad (1) $$

where $\bar{Q}$ and $\bar{X}$ are the long-term average values of streamflow and the climatic variable, respectively, and the operator $\Delta$ indicates the difference between the dated and average values. $ε_{Q/X}$ is nondimensional (% / %), because it is a ratio between two relative (and thus already nondimensional) quantities. One can also define elasticity as the ratio between two absolute quantities and, provided both quantities are expressed in the same unit (for example, mm yr⁻¹ for streamflow, precipitation or potential evaporation), it would still be a nondimensional ratio (mm yr⁻¹ / mm yr⁻¹). We will name this absolute elasticity $e_{Q/X}$, defined as

$$ \Delta Q = e_{Q/X} \Delta X. \qquad (2) $$

Table 1 summarizes the notations used in this paper.

## 1.2 Past studies on elasticity in hydrology

### 1.2.1 Theoretical (model-based) studies

Most of the studies on elasticity are theoretical, in the sense that they are based on flows simulated by a hydrological model fed with different inputs. There are many examples of such theoretical studies. Nemec and Schaake (1982) used the Sacramento model, Vogel et al. (1999) used the linear regression coefficients of annual streamflow models, Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001) used the abcd model, Niemann and
<table><caption>**Table 1.** Summary of the elasticity notations used in this paper (X being precipitation P or potential evaporation E<sub>P</sub>).</caption><thead><tr><th>Notation</th><th>Definition</th><th>Formula</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><sup>εQ/X</sup></td><td>Relative streamflow elasticity – percent change of streamflow Q by percent change of climate variable X</td><td><sup>ΔQ</sup>/<sub>Q</sub> = εQ/X <sup>ΔX</sup>/<sub>X</sub></td></tr><tr><td><sup>eQ/X</sup></td><td>Absolute streamflow elasticity – mm change of streamflow Q by mm change of climate variable X</td><td>ΔQ = eQ/X ⋅ ΔX</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 2.** Comparison of the theoretical and empirical elasticity assessment methods.</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>Theoretical (model-based) elasticity assessment</th><th>Empirical (data-based) elasticity assessment</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Co-variations of different climatic variables</td><td>The modeling approach distinguishes between the impact of different climatic variables (by keeping part of the forcing constant while modifying the other part).</td><td>Problem: the changes in observed climatic variables can be correlated (e.g., ΔP negatively correlated with ΔT when the driest years are also the warmest), which makes it more difficult to attribute streamflow changes to one or the other variable.</td></tr><tr><td>Data requirements</td><td>No need for long concomitant series of observed streamflow and climatic variables (only what is needed for model calibration).</td><td>Long concomitant series of observed streamflow and climatic variables are required.</td></tr><tr><td>Extrapolation capacity</td><td>Extrapolates to extreme climatic changes (i.e., to changes that have not been observed over historical records).</td><td>Can only deal with the changes that have been observed in the available historical record.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Eltahir (2005) used a purpose-built model and Chiew (2006) used the SIMHYD and AWBM models. The most widely used model in elasticity studies is the long-term water balance formula first proposed by Turc and Mezentsev (Mezentsev, 1955; Turc, 1954) (see Sect. 3.2). This formula (sometimes improperly confused with Budyko's formula) was used in elasticity studies by Dooge (1992), Arora (2002), Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001), Yang et al. (2008), Potter and Zhang (2009), Yang and Yang (2011), Donohue et al. (2011) and Yang et al. (2014), among others.

### 1.2.2 Empirical (data-based) studies

Only a few of the published elasticity studies are *empirical*. By *empirical*, we mean that they use measured data (for different sub-periods) to evaluate the climate elasticity of streamflow. To our knowledge, Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001) were the first to publish a method based on the median of annual flow anomalies to compute elasticity, later used by Chiew (2006). Potter et al. (2010) analyzed concomitant reductions of precipitation and streamflow in the Murray-Darling basin over three major historic droughts, and Potter et al. (2011) suggested computing elasticity as a multiple linear regression linking annual transformed streamflow values to annual precipitation and temperature anomalies.

### 1.2.3 Difference between theoretical (model-based) and empirical (data-based) elasticity assessments

To clarify the differences existing between theoretical and empirical elasticity computing approaches, we have listed the key characteristics of both methods in Table 2. The most important problem stems from the co-variation of potential evaporation (or temperature) and precipitation: Fu et al. (2007a) mentioned this issue and proposed to transform the “single parameter precipitation elasticity of streamflow index” into a “two parameter climate elasticity index” that would be a function of both precipitation and temperature, in order to account for both effects simultaneously. Recently, Chiew et al. (2013) underline that “because of the inverse correlation between rainfall and temperature, any effect from the residual temperature on streamflow is much less apparent than the direct effect of (the much more variable) rainfall”. Note that the use of model simulations to compute streamflow elasticity circumvents this problem.

However, there remains what we consider to be a major disadvantage: since all hydrological models are a simplification of reality, using them to predict changes requires some type of initial validation on empirical (observed) data. Indeed, we have recently compared (see Fig. 9a in Coron et al., 2014) the ability of three models of increasing complexity to reproduce the variations in water balance equilibrium over 10-year long periods and shown that all three models tested had a tendency to underestimate observed changes.
In this paper, we will focus on identifying the most robust approach to computing empirical elasticity. Then we will compare the results obtained by this method with the theoretical elasticity of the Turc-Mezentsev water balance formula. This comparison will only aim at illustrating the difference between the two approaches, since there is no reason to consider one or the other to be the “true” reference.

## 1.3 Scope of the paper

In this paper, we test four alternative approaches to compute the empirical streamflow elasticity, which we compare over a large catchment set to the approach first suggested by Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001). In Sect. 2, we present the data set of 519 French catchments on which this study is based. Section 3 gives a short overview of the possible graphical representations of catchment elasticity and the methods used to quantify empirical elasticity. Section 4 presents a preliminary selection of the formulas, focusing on the distinction between univariate and bivariate methods. Then Sect. 5 presents a regional analysis of streamflow elasticity to precipitation and potential evaporation over France. Lastly, the conclusion identifies a few perspectives for further work.

## 2 Catchment data set

Figure 1 presents the 519 catchments analyzed for these studies.

Long series of continuous daily streamflow and precipitation were available over the 1976–2006 period. The data set encompasses a variety of climatic conditions (oceanic, Mediterranean, continental, mountainous). Precipitation data were provided by Météo France as a gridded product, based on a countrywide interpolation of rain gage data (SAFRAN product; see Le Moigne, 2002). As far as potential evaporation data are concerned, we used the Penman–Shuttleworth equation (Shuttleworth, 1993) because Donohue et al. (2010) suggested that it was the most appropriate form of atmospheric evaporation demand when considering a changing climate.

To illustrate the issues raised in this paper, we will use the catchment of the River Brèze at Meyrueis. This 36 km² catchment located in the south of France has a good-quality stream-gaging station and a long observation series.

## 3 A review of methods to assess streamflow elasticity

### 3.1 Graphical assessment of elasticity

Nemec and Schaake (1982) introduced the classical sensitivity plots showing the changes in streamflow (or in some streamflow-based characteristics) as a function of percent change in precipitation (Fig. 2). Their approach consisted in assessing streamflow elasticity over the whole modeling period

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1.** Locations of the 519 French catchments analyzed in this study.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2.** Yield change graph proposed by Nemec and Schaake (1982) to illustrate the hydrological elasticity analysis.</figcaption></figure>

by gradually changing the model inputs individually. If the hydrological model behavior is free from thresholds or strong hysteresis effects, this method produces a set of parallel curves such as those shown in Fig. 2.

Wolock and McCabe (1999) used a similar graph (Fig. 3), but replaced the percent changes with the absolute changes (plotting $e_{Q/X}$ instead of $\varepsilon_{Q/X}$): in this paper, we will follow their example, but replace the model-based results with observations.
<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Figure 3. Elasticity graphs proposed by Wolock and McCabe (1999).</figcaption></figure>

The graphs used herein describe empirical elasticity: they are based on hydrological data only and require a sub-sampling of long-term records, i.e., distinguishing a number of sub-periods. Therefore, a point is apparent for each of these sub-periods. Figure 4 presents an example in which $\Delta Q$ is plotted as a function of either $\Delta P$ or $\Delta E_P$.

To represent the co-variations of $\Delta Q$ with both $\Delta P$ or $\Delta E_P$ simultaneously, we need either a three-dimensional graph or a graph based on isolines (see Fu et al., 2007b). Figure 4c presents an example using a color code. This graph is particularly useful because the values of $\Delta P$ and $\Delta E_P$ are often correlated (Chiew et al., 2013), which may make the two-dimensional representations misleading.

The graphical representation of empirical elasticity shown in Fig. 4 allows one to look at data without formulating an arbitrary modeling choice. The only convention lies in the duration of the sub-periods. Here, we chose a duration of 10 years in order to obtain contrasted yet representative periods. Figure 5 illustrates the changes induced by a change in this duration. It is reassuring to see that similar trends are observed for a wide range of period lengths. The relationship between the different variables does not remain absolutely identical, however, and there is clearly a trade-off between

a longer duration, which ensures that the relationships are close to their long-term value, and a lower number of points, which reduces the confidence in the trend displayed by the plot.

## 3.2 Reference method for theoretical elasticity assessment: the Turc-Mezentsev formula

Most previous studies used a model-based definition of elasticity, and several of them used the Turc-Mezentsev formula (Mezentsev, 1955; Turc, 1954). The interested reader can refer to Lebecherel et al. (2013) for a historical review of this formula, which is given by

$$ 
\begin{aligned}
Q &= \Psi(P, E_P) = P - \frac{P}{\left(1 + \left(\frac{P}{E_P}\right)^n\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}} \\
&= P - \left(P^{-n} + E_P^{-n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}},
\end{aligned} 
\quad (3) $$

with $Q$ the long-term mean average flow (mm yr$^{-1}$), $P$ the long-term mean average precipitation (mm yr$^{-1}$), and $E_P$ the long-term mean average potential evaporation (mm yr$^{-1}$). $n$ is the only free parameter of the formula. Here, we followed Le Moine et al. (2007) and used a fixed value: $n = 2.5$.

Partial derivatives of the Turc-Mezentsev formula are easily computed; they are given in Eqs. (4) and (5). They allow computing of the theoretical value of the precipitation and potential evaporation elasticity directly for each catchment.

$$ \frac{\partial Q}{\partial E_P} = \Psi'_P(P, E_P) = -\left(1 + \left(\frac{E_P}{P}\right)^n\right)^{-\frac{n+1}{n}} \quad (4) $$

$$ \frac{\partial Q}{\partial P} = \Psi'_{E_P}(P, E_P) = 1 - \left(1 + \left(\frac{P}{E_P}\right)^n\right)^{-\frac{n+1}{n}} \quad (5) $$

## 3.3 Alternative methods for empirical streamflow elasticity assessment

We will now focus on data-based methods assessing empirical elasticity. Long-term series of streamflow and catchment climate are required. Before introducing the methods compared in this paper, let us introduce the notation $\Delta X_i^{(M)} = X_i^{(M)} - X_i^{(LT)}$ denoting the departure (anomaly) of a variable $X$ computed over a period of $M$ years starting from year $i$ vs. the long-term average $X_i^{(LT)}$ computed over the entire period.

Five methods will be compared in this paper, all listed in Table 3.

### 3.3.1 Nonparametric method

This method computes an annual time series of relative streamflow anomalies (i.e., differences with the long-term mean) and then uses the median of these values as an elastic-
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 4.** Streamflow elasticity graphs for an empirical (data-based) assessment for the Brèze catchment at Meyrueis (code: O3165010): (a) $\Delta Q$ vs. $\Delta P$, (b) $\Delta Q$ vs. $\Delta E_P$, and (c) $\Delta Q$ (color-coded) vs. $\Delta P$ and $\Delta E_P$.</figcaption></figure>

<table><caption>**Table 3.** Regression models used to assess empirical elasticity.</caption><thead><tr><th>Notation</th><th>Definition</th><th>Inputs</th><th>Number of parameters</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>NP</td><td>Nonparametric regression</td><td>ΔP<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> or ΔE<sub>P<sub>i</sub></sub><sup>(M)</sup></td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>OLS1</td><td>Ordinary least squares using a single climate input</td><td>ΔP<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> or ΔE<sub>P<sub>i</sub></sub><sup>(M)</sup></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>OLS2</td><td>Ordinary least squares using two climate inputs</td><td>ΔP<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> and ΔE<sub>P<sub>i</sub></sub><sup>(M)</sup></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>GLS1</td><td>Generalized least squares using a single climate input</td><td>ΔP<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> or ΔE<sub>P<sub>i</sub></sub><sup>(M)</sup></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>GLS2</td><td>Generalized least squares using two climate inputs</td><td>ΔP<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> and ΔE<sub>P<sub>i</sub></sub><sup>(M)</sup></td><td>4</td></tr></tbody></table>

ity estimator:

$$ \begin{cases} e_{Q/P}^{(M)} = \text{median} \left( \frac{\Delta Q_i^{(M)}}{\Delta P_i^{(M)}} \right), \\ e_{Q/E_P}^{(M)} = \text{median} \left( \frac{\Delta Q_i^{(M)}}{\Delta E_P^{(M)}} \right). \end{cases} \quad (6) $$

This method is similar to the one advocated by Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001) except that they used it to compute the relative rather than the absolute elasticity (see Table 1). In addition, Sankarasubramanian et al. (2001) applied the method to yearly data only, whereas we used sub-periods ranging from 1 to 25 years in this study.

### 3.3.2 Regression methods quantifying precipitation and potential evaporation elasticities (OLS or GLS estimates) independently

These methods compute elasticity as either an ordinary least-square (OLS) or generalized least-square (GLS) solution (Johnston, 1972) of the regression models detailed in Table 4. See Appendix A for a quick description of the method used to perform the GLS regression.

### 3.3.3 Methods quantifying precipitation and potential evaporation elasticities (OLS or GLS estimates) simultaneously

These methods (OLS or GLS) quantify precipitation and potential evaporation elasticities *simultaneously* by looking for

the GLS solution of a regression model with the same statistical assumptions as above (see Table 5).

The strength of the bivariate method obviously lies in the fact that it accounts for the cross-correlation of $\Delta P$ and $\Delta E_P$ values. The method used for inferring the parameter values and their significance was identical to the method described above.

Note that for the sake of consistency with the GLS models, the uncertainty in the OLS parameters was assessed with the bootstrap approach (Efron and Tibshirani, 1994).

## 4 Selection of the best method to compute empirical streamflow elasticity

### 4.1 Assessing the capacity of the five methods to compute the empirical elasticity of a synthetic data set

As a first step to compare the merits of the different regression models presented in the previous section, the elasticity estimation was conducted with synthetic streamflow data generated from the Turc-Mezentsev formula, where the parameter *n* was set at 2.5 (Le Moine et al., 2007) and input data from the 519 catchments described in Sect. 2. The advantage of using synthetic flow here is that we know the exact (i.e., analytical) solution for elasticity, and this will help identify the drawbacks of some of the methods compared.
<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 5.** Impact of period length on the streamflow elasticity graphs for an empirical (data-based) assessment. The graphs present from left to right $\Delta Q$ vs. $\Delta P$, $\Delta Q$ vs. $\Delta E_p$, and $\Delta Q$ (in colors) vs. $\Delta P$ and $\Delta E_p$. LT stands for long term (entire period).</figcaption></figure>

For this test, the observed streamflow anomalies $\Delta Q_i^{(M)}$ were replaced by the estimates $\Delta \tilde{Q}_i^{(M)} = \Psi(P_i^{(M)}, E_p^{(M)}) - \Psi(P^{(LT)}, E_p^{(LT)})$, where $\Psi$ is given in Eq. (3). The empirical elasticity values were subsequently compared with the exact

values $\Psi'_P(P^{(LT)}, E_p^{(LT)})$ and $\Psi'_E_p(P^{(LT)}, E_p^{(LT)})$ given in Eqs. (4) and (5), respectively. The performance of each regression model was judged according to the absolute bias $B$
<table><caption>**Table 4.** Univariate regression models for empirical elasticity assessment.</caption><tr><td colspan="2">ΔQ<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> = e<sup>(M)</sup><sub>Q/X</sub> · ΔX<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> + ω<sub>i</sub></td></tr><tr><td>OLS</td><td>ω<sub>i</sub> ~ N(0, σ)</td></tr><tr><td>GLS</td><td>ω<sub>i</sub> = αω<sub>i-1</sub> + δ<sub>i</sub><br>δ<sub>i</sub> ~ N(0, σ)<br>ω<sub>i</sub> ~ N(0, σ√1 - α<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">ΔQ<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup>: streamflow anomaly over M years, considered as the explained variable<br>ΔX<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup>: rainfall or potential evaporation anomaly for the same sub-period, considered as the explanatory variable<br>e<sup>(M)</sup><sub>Q/X</sub>: streamflow elasticity (equal to the regression slope)<br>ω<sub>i</sub>: regression residual<br>α: parameter of the first-order autoregressive process (AR1)<br>δ<sub>i</sub>: innovation of the autoregressive process<br>σ: standard deviation<br>M: number of years over which the long-term streamflow, precipitation and evaporation average are computed</td></tr></table>

<table><caption>**Table 5.** Bivariate regression models for empirical elasticity assessment.</caption><tr><td colspan="2">ΔQ<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> = e<sup>(M)</sup><sub>Q/P</sub> · ΔP<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup> + e<sup>(M)</sup><sub>Q/E<sub>P</sub></sub> · ΔE<sub>P<sub>i</sub></sub><sup>(M)</sup> + ω<sub>i</sub></td></tr><tr><td>OLS</td><td>ω<sub>i</sub> ~ N(0, σ)</td></tr><tr><td>GLS</td><td>ω<sub>i</sub> = αω<sub>i-1</sub> + δ<sub>i</sub><br>δ<sub>i</sub> ~ N(0, σ)<br>ω<sub>i</sub> ~ N(0, σ√1 - α<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">ΔQ<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup>: streamflow anomaly over M years, considered as the explained variable<br>ΔX<sub>i</sub><sup>(M)</sup>: rainfall or potential evaporation anomaly for the same sub-period, considered as the explanatory variable<br>e<sup>(M)</sup><sub>Q/X</sub>: streamflow elasticity (equal to the regression slope)<br>ω<sub>i</sub>: regression residual<br>α: parameter of the first-order autoregressive process (AR1)<br>δ<sub>i</sub>: innovation of the autoregressive process<br>σ: standard deviation<br>M: number of years over which the long-term streamflow, precipitation and evaporation average are computed</td></tr></table>

and the root mean square error (RMSE) *R*:

$$B_{X}^{(M)} = \left| \sum_{k=1}^{N} \left[ e_{Q_i/X_i}^{(M)} - \Psi'_{x} \left( P_{i}^{(LT)}, E_{P_i}^{(LT)} \right) \right] \right|, \quad (7)$$

$$R_{X}^{(M)} = \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{N} \left[ e_{Q_i/X_i}^{(M)} - \Psi'_{x} \left( P_{i}^{(LT)}, E_{P_i}^{(LT)} \right) \right]^2}, \quad (8)$$

where *X* is the climate variable (*P* or *E*<sub>P</sub>), *e*<sub>Q<sub>i</sub>/X<sub>i</sub></sub><sup>(M)</sup> is the corresponding empirical elasticity value computed for catchment *i* using sub-periods of *M* years, and *N* = 519 is the number of catchments.

The performance of the five alternative methods is presented in Fig. 6, which shows the absolute bias and the root mean square error in the elasticity for precipitation and potential evaporation, respectively.

The four plots in Fig. 6 clearly indicate the superiority of the two bivariate models (OLS-2 and GLS-2) over the three univariate models (NP, OLS-1 and GLS-1), with bias and RMSE in both types of elasticity that are lower by several orders of magnitude. This first result suggests that the estimation of empirical elasticity is greatly improved when conducted simultaneously on rainfall and potential evaporation.

Figure 6 also shows that the duration of the sub-periods can slightly affect the performance of the regression model. The largest impact can be seen in the bias in the elasticity to potential evaporation (Fig. 6a), where the optimal duration of 20 years provides a better performance compared to the other durations. The 20-year duration seems to be the best choice for both types of elasticity, for all regression models, and both bias and RMSE.
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 6.** Performances of the five models proposed to compute empirical elasticity, tested on synthetic data generated with the Turc-Mezentsev model.</figcaption></figure>

This study based on synthetic data shows the clear superiority of the methods based on bivariate regressions (OLS2 and GLS2): the nonparametric (NP) method and the univariate regressions (OLS1 and GLS1) are clearly unable to compute streamflow elasticity robustly. Because the NP method is the reference method (suggested by Sankarasubramanian et al., 2001), Fig. 7a and c compare the empirical elasticity values given by the NP method and the GLS2 method: the differences are very large. On the other hand, Fig. 7b and d show that there is little difference between the estimates given by OLS2 and GLS2. However, for statistical reasons (presented in Appendix B), we consider that the GLS method should be preferred.

Having decided on the best method to compute empirical elasticity, we can now compare model elasticities with the GLS estimates based on measured streamflow.

## 4.2 Coherence of data-based and model-based elasticity estimates

We now wish to compare the *empirical* elasticity computed with the GLS2 method (the recommended one) with the *theoretical* elasticity derived analytically from the Turc-Mezentsev formula (see Eq. 3). While in the previous test we used synthetic data, we now use the actual (measured) streamflow. This means that contrary to the preceding test, we do not have any “reference”: since neither the data-based nor the model-based elasticity can be considered “true”, we can only assess the coherence between the two computations.

The scatterplots illustrated in Fig. 8 compare the elasticity values obtained by the multivariate regression (GLS2) method and the model-based approach: we can see that the link between the two measurements on a catchment-by-

<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 7.** Comparison of elasticity estimates obtained with the GLS2, OLS2 and NP methods using synthetic flow data and 20-year sub-periods.</figcaption></figure>

catchment basis is extremely weak for precipitation, and even more so for potential evaporation.

The fact that empirical and theoretical elasticities differ is in itself noteworthy and would require further analysis. At this point, we cannot draw any further conclusion from this comparison: as widely used as it is, the Turc-Mezentsev relationship remains a theoretical model and cannot be considered superior to the data-based elasticity assessment.

# 5 Results: regional elasticity analysis over France

Henceforth, we only consider the empirical elasticity estimates given by the GLS2 method. Figure 9 illustrates the results: each of the 519 gauging stations of the data set is shown, but the points for which the elasticity coefficient is not significantly different from zero are indicated with a cross only. For the other points, the color code gives the elasticity value.

From the maps, it is difficult to identify physical reasons for the spatial variations in elasticity values. The Massif central highlands seem to show a slightly higher occurrence of high-intensity elasticities, both to P and E<sub>P</sub>, and the Paris Basin lowlands a slightly lower occurrence. This tendency could perhaps be related to the absence/presence of large groundwater aquifers, but more detailed comparative studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion.

A few outliers appear, which is common when using a large data set: five catchments shows a negative elasticity to precipitation and 48 catchments show a positive elasticity to potential evaporation (see detailed results in Appendix C and
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 8.** Comparison of the data-based and model-based elasticities; streamflow elasticity to potential evaporation (a) and precipitation (b). The points are colored according to the width of the 95% bootstrap confidence intervals on the empirical elasticity estimate.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 9.** Regional analysis of (a) streamflow elasticity to precipitation and (b) streamflow elasticity to potential evaporation. Elasticity values were obtained by the GLS2 regression method using 20-year sub-periods. Each dot represents a catchment outlet; the color represents the elasticity value. Those catchments where the linear correlation was found to be nonsignificant are indicated with a cross.</figcaption></figure>

the corresponding plots in Supplement). In almost all cases, the linear regression was not significant. We checked each of the plots individually and verified that this was in fact due to a very limited span of streamflow anomaly $\Delta Q$, which made the regression rather meaningless.

To conclude this countrywide analysis of elasticity, we tested a possible relation between catchment size and elasticity values. Figure 10 speaks for itself: over the range of catchment areas covered by this study, no trend could be identified with catchment area.

# 6 Conclusion

## 6.1 Synthesis

In this paper, we identified an improved method to assess the empirical elasticity of streamflow to precipitation and potential evaporation. This method (GLS2), which uses long-term hydrometeorological records, was tested on a set of 519 French catchments.
<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 10.** Elasticity values vs. catchment area: (a) streamflow elasticity to potential evaporation and (b) streamflow elasticity to precipitation. Elasticity values were obtained by the GLS2 regression method with sub-periods of 10 years. The points are colored according to the width of the 95% bootstrap confidence intervals on the GLS2 elasticity estimate.</figcaption></figure>

We started with a synthetic data set and compared this improved method with the reference nonparametric method and with several univariate and bivariate alternatives: we obtained results with a much lower bias and RMSE, this difference being clearly due to the fact that the improved method was able to account for the covariation of precipitation and potential evaporation anomalies.

We then compared the improved empirical elasticity estimate with the theoretical estimates derived analytically from the Turc-Mezentsev formula. Empirical and theoretical estimates correlated weakly: the link between the two measurements on a catchment-by-catchment basis is weak for precipitation, and very weak for potential evaporation.

## 6.2 Limits and perspectives

As a simple method characterizing the sensitivity of streamflow to climatic changes, the identification of empirical elasticity seems promising. Indeed, the empirical elasticity assessment advocated in this paper can provide an estimate of the impact of climate change on hydrology that is almost model-free (except for the assumption of linearity, of course) and allows digging into past observations to predict the impact of future changes. Another perspective can also be seen for studies involving hydrological models for climate change assessment: empirical elasticity could provide a very useful benchmark against which to test the predictions of complex hydrological models (see, e.g., how the extrapolation capacity of several hydrological models was assessed in Coron et al., 2014).

Naturally, the elasticity assessment has its limits: there is no guarantee of its ability to extrapolate to the most extreme climatic changes (i.e., to changes that are far from those observed over historical records). The formula chosen to compute potential evaporation is also a concern. In this paper, we used the Penman-Shuttleworth equation (Shuttleworth, 1993). We also repeated this study with the Oudin et al. (2005) formula (a formula widely used in France) and the Penman-Monteith equation (Allen et al., 1998), which did not yield significant differences. This result was expected because the catchments considered here are energy-limited with few cases where actual evaporation reaches its potential value. However, for other climates (i.e., drier environments), additional work would be required to further test the sensitivity of streamflow elasticity to the potential evaporation formula.

## 7 Data availability

This paper is based on climatic data provided by Météo France, which does not allow their redistribution, and on streamflow data which are freely accessible through the Banque Hydro portal http://www.hydro.eaufrance.fr/. Long-term catchment-aggregated values are presented in Appendix C.
## Appendix A: GLS regression

The parameters of the GLS regression were inferred by maximizing the log-likelihood function associated with this model:

$$L(\{\Delta Q_i^{(M)}\}, \{\Delta X_i^{(M)}\} | e_{Q/X}^{(M)}, \sigma, \alpha) = -\frac{k}{2}\log(2\pi) - k\log(\sigma) - \frac{1}{2}\log(1 - \alpha^2) - \frac{1}{2\sigma^2}\left( (1 - \alpha^2)\omega_1^2 + \sum_{i=2}^{k} (\omega_i - \alpha\omega_{i-1})^2 \right), \quad (A1)$$

where k is the number of sub-periods. The optimization was performed with the Nelder-Mead algorithm (Nelder and Mead, 1965) using the ordinary least-square solution (OLS) as a starting point (i.e., the solution of the same regression model with $\alpha = 0$). The validity of the model assumptions was checked (see Appendix B) by computing the Shapiro-Wilks test (with an expected p value greater than 0.05) and Durbin-Watson statistic (with an expected value greater than 1) from the series of innovations $\hat{\delta}_i$:

$$\hat{\delta}_i = \hat{\omega}_i - \alpha\hat{\omega}_{i-1} \quad \text{if } i > 1 \text{ and } \hat{\delta}_1 = \hat{\omega}_1, \quad (A2)$$

$$\hat{\omega}_i = \Delta Q_i^{(M)} - e_{Q/X}^{(M)} \Delta X_i^{(M)}. \quad (A3)$$

Unlike the OLS solution, the distribution of the elasticity values obtained with this approach does not have a closed form. As a result, the significance of the regression's coefficients was assessed with a bootstrap approach as follows.

a. The GLS model was fit with the maximum likelihood approach first. This allowed computing of the series of innovations $\delta_i$.

b. The innovations $\{\delta_i\}_{i=2,...,n}$ were resampled with replacement to form a new series of bootstrapped innovations $\{\delta_i^*\}_{i=2,...,n}$. The first innovation $\delta_1^*$ of this series was set to $\omega_1$.

c. The bootstrapped innovations were used to generate a new series of bootstrapped observations $\Delta Q_i^{(M)*} = e_{Q/X}^{(M)} \Delta X_i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} \delta_i^* \alpha^i$.

d. Finally the GLS model was fit with the maximum likelihood approach using the bootstrapped observations, leading to new values of the GLS parameters.

Steps (c) and (d) were repeated 1000 times and the 2.5 and 97.5% percentiles of the GLS parameters were derived from the empirical distribution formed with the 1000 parameter samples. A parameter was considered significantly different from zero if both the 2.5 and 97.5% percentiles were either strictly positive or negative.

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>**Figure B1.** Proportion of catchments having a positive outcome for (a) the Shapiro-Wilks normality test and (b) the Durbin-Watson test on autocorrelation of innovations.</figcaption></figure>

## Appendix B: Validity of statistical assumptions underlying the regression models

This section reviews the validity of the statistical assumptions underlying the OLS2 and GLS2 regression models described in Sect. 3.3.

- Figure B1a shows that the GLS2 model has the highest proportion of catchments where the normality assumption cannot be rejected based on the Shapiro-Wilks test. However, the difference with the other models remains limited, with this proportion varying from 41.2% for OLS2 with 10-year sub-periods to 69.5% for GLS2 with 20-year sub-periods. Overall, a significant proportion of catchments still fail the test, whatever regression model is considered, which suggests that additional assumptions could be explored for the distribution of the innovations.

- Figure B1b reveals that a high level of autocorrelation is present in the innovations of the OLS2 model, with 7.5% (with 10-year sub-periods) and 23.9% (with 20-year sub-periods) of the catchments reaching a satisfactory Durbin-Watson statistic value only. This was an expected result. Logically, this proportion is much higher for the GLS2 models, reaching 92.7% for 10-year sub-periods and 91.9% for 20-year sub-periods. Here also, a small proportion of the catchments fails the test, even with regression models taking autocorrelation into account. This result suggests that the regression model could be extended to include a higher-order autoregressive component.

Overall, the results illustrated in Fig. B1 indicate that the GLS2 model is the most satisfactory regression model from a statistical point of view. The difference introduced by the length of the averaging period (10 or 20 years) is very limited.
Appendix C: Complete elasticity figures for our dataset

<table><caption>Table C1. Main characteristics of the catchment data set. Note: all long-term values have been computed over the 1986–2006 time period.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>P</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>A1050310</td><td>-0.74</td><td>0.58</td><td>282</td><td>238</td><td>7.2439</td><td>47.6252</td><td>983</td><td>666</td><td>312</td><td>L'Ill à Altkirch</td></tr><tr><td>A1080330</td><td>-0.58</td><td>0.54</td><td>242</td><td>668</td><td>7.3058</td><td>47.7172</td><td>962</td><td>671</td><td>298</td><td>L'Ill à Didenheim</td></tr><tr><td>A1152010</td><td>-0.42</td><td>0.48</td><td>256</td><td>288</td><td>7.2481</td><td>47.6710</td><td>964</td><td>672</td><td>316</td><td>La Largue à Illfurth</td></tr><tr><td>A2023030</td><td>-0.58</td><td>0.54</td><td>432</td><td>44</td><td>7.1103</td><td>48.0515</td><td>1563</td><td>587</td><td>994</td><td>La Petite Fecht à Stosswihr</td></tr><tr><td>A2073010</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.86</td><td>303</td><td>31</td><td>7.3016</td><td>48.1995</td><td>1390</td><td>633</td><td>362</td><td>Le Strengbach à Ribeauvillé</td></tr><tr><td>A2122010</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.68</td><td>326</td><td>118</td><td>7.2140</td><td>48.1563</td><td>1344</td><td>618</td><td>654</td><td>La Weiss à Kaysersberg (Fréland-Gare)</td></tr><tr><td>A2332110</td><td>-0.52</td><td>0.69</td><td>262</td><td>107</td><td>7.2921</td><td>48.2701</td><td>1372</td><td>627</td><td>518</td><td>La Lièpvrette à Lièpvre</td></tr><tr><td>A2512010</td><td>-1.25</td><td>0.91</td><td>221</td><td>42</td><td>7.4221</td><td>48.3862</td><td>1261</td><td>618</td><td>585</td><td>L'Andlau à Andlau</td></tr><tr><td>A2612010</td><td>-0.60</td><td>0.71</td><td>161</td><td>57</td><td>7.5111</td><td>48.4517</td><td>1036</td><td>659</td><td>290</td><td>L'Ehn à Niedernai</td></tr><tr><td>A2732010</td><td>-1.31</td><td>1.08</td><td>267</td><td>224</td><td>7.2751</td><td>48.5051</td><td>1302</td><td>604</td><td>825</td><td>La Bruche à Russ (Wisches)</td></tr><tr><td>A2842010</td><td>0.04</td><td>1.01</td><td>169</td><td>167</td><td>7.4892</td><td>48.5725</td><td>821</td><td>675</td><td>269</td><td>La Mossig à Soultz-les-Bains</td></tr><tr><td>A3151010</td><td>-0.22</td><td>0.66</td><td>146</td><td>280</td><td>7.7299</td><td>48.8258</td><td>813</td><td>682</td><td>277</td><td>La Moder à Schweighouse-sur-Moder (amont)</td></tr><tr><td>A3301010</td><td>-0.37</td><td>0.52</td><td>144</td><td>622</td><td>7.7418</td><td>48.8225</td><td>845</td><td>676</td><td>272</td><td>La Moder à Schweighouse-sur-Moder (aval)</td></tr><tr><td>A3422010</td><td>-0.57</td><td>0.45</td><td>196</td><td>184</td><td>7.3331</td><td>48.7287</td><td>1089</td><td>652</td><td>369</td><td>La Zorn à Saverne (Schinderthal)</td></tr><tr><td>A3472010</td><td>0.23</td><td>0.80</td><td>147</td><td>684</td><td>7.6335</td><td>48.7499</td><td>849</td><td>677</td><td>286</td><td>La Zorn à Waltenheim-sur-Zorn</td></tr><tr><td>A3712010</td><td>-0.84</td><td>0.41</td><td>176</td><td>192</td><td>7.7575</td><td>48.9587</td><td>902</td><td>665</td><td>283</td><td>La Sauer à Goersdorf (Liebfrauenthal)</td></tr><tr><td>A3832010</td><td>-0.59</td><td>0.78</td><td>124</td><td>204</td><td>8.0483</td><td>48.9037</td><td>833</td><td>687</td><td>251</td><td>Le Seltzbach à Niederroedern</td></tr><tr><td>A3902010</td><td>-0.64</td><td>0.38</td><td>173</td><td>275</td><td>7.9019</td><td>49.0422</td><td>909</td><td>662</td><td>280</td><td>La Lauter à Wissembourg (Weiler)</td></tr><tr><td>A4050620</td><td>-0.98</td><td>1.73</td><td>439</td><td>152</td><td>6.6861</td><td>47.9096</td><td>1650</td><td>600</td><td>1402</td><td>La Moselle à Rupt-sur-Moselle</td></tr><tr><td>A4142010</td><td>-0.58</td><td>1.11</td><td>407</td><td>184</td><td>6.7133</td><td>47.9959</td><td>1687</td><td>577</td><td>1460</td><td>La Moselotte à Vagney (Zainvillers)</td></tr><tr><td>A4173010</td><td>-0.61</td><td>0.98</td><td>455</td><td>65</td><td>6.6899</td><td>48.0526</td><td>1665</td><td>594</td><td>1205</td><td>La Cleurie à Clleurie</td></tr><tr><td>A4200630</td><td>-0.71</td><td>0.99</td><td>372</td><td>627</td><td>6.6103</td><td>48.0655</td><td>1651</td><td>598</td><td>1207</td><td>La Moselle à Saint-Nabord (Noirgueux)</td></tr><tr><td>A4250640</td><td>-0.88</td><td>0.90</td><td>325</td><td>1218</td><td>6.4529</td><td>48.1656</td><td>1553</td><td>609</td><td>983</td><td>La Moselle à Épinal</td></tr><tr><td>A5261010</td><td>-0.72</td><td>0.74</td><td>265</td><td>383</td><td>6.1373</td><td>48.3050</td><td>1016</td><td>649</td><td>381</td><td>Le Madon à Mirecourt</td></tr><tr><td>A5431010</td><td>-0.31</td><td>0.77</td><td>225</td><td>948</td><td>6.1317</td><td>48.5446</td><td>945</td><td>654</td><td>364</td><td>Le Madon à Pulligny</td></tr><tr><td>A5730610</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.88</td><td>200</td><td>3346</td><td>5.8976</td><td>48.6698</td><td>1171</td><td>641</td><td>609</td><td>La Moselle à Toul</td></tr><tr><td>A6051020</td><td>-0.51</td><td>0.59</td><td>339</td><td>371</td><td>6.9561</td><td>48.2847</td><td>1588</td><td>611</td><td>667</td><td>La Meurthe à Saint-Dié</td></tr><tr><td>A6151030</td><td>-0.70</td><td>0.51</td><td>282</td><td>727</td><td>6.8447</td><td>48.4025</td><td>1558</td><td>623</td><td>614</td><td>La Meurthe à Raon-l'Étape</td></tr><tr><td>A6571110</td><td>-0.18</td><td>0.81</td><td>220</td><td>560</td><td>6.4868</td><td>48.5948</td><td>970</td><td>657</td><td>384</td><td>La Vezouze à Lunéville</td></tr><tr><td>A6731220</td><td>-0.45</td><td>0.75</td><td>234</td><td>498</td><td>6.5243</td><td>48.4872</td><td>1166</td><td>655</td><td>366</td><td>La Mortagne à Gerbéviller</td></tr><tr><td>A6761010</td><td>-0.52</td><td>0.96</td><td>211</td><td>2294</td><td>6.3839</td><td>48.5632</td><td>1207</td><td>646</td><td>482</td><td>La Meurthe à Damélevières</td></tr><tr><td>A6953010</td><td>-0.18</td><td>1.32</td><td>198</td><td>85</td><td>6.1982</td><td>48.7467</td><td>825</td><td>675</td><td>283</td><td>L'Amézule à Lay-Saint-Christophe</td></tr><tr><td>A7010610</td><td>-0.54</td><td>0.90</td><td>184</td><td>6835</td><td>6.1237</td><td>48.7896</td><td>1124</td><td>649</td><td>529</td><td>La Moselle à Custines</td></tr><tr><td>A7122010</td><td>-0.16</td><td>0.73</td><td>187</td><td>228</td><td>6.0434</td><td>48.8659</td><td>829</td><td>672</td><td>204</td><td>L'Esch à Jezainville</td></tr><tr><td>A7642010</td><td>-0.41</td><td>0.41</td><td>200</td><td>150</td><td>6.5060</td><td>48.8173</td><td>882</td><td>671</td><td>259</td><td>La Petite Seille à Château-Salins</td></tr><tr><td>A7821010</td><td>-0.22</td><td>0.71</td><td>180</td><td>928</td><td>6.2278</td><td>48.8880</td><td>842</td><td>674</td><td>267</td><td>La Seille à Nomeny</td></tr><tr><td>A7881010</td><td>-0.16</td><td>0.67</td><td>164</td><td>1274</td><td>6.1877</td><td>49.1007</td><td>825</td><td>674</td><td>246</td><td>La Seille à Metz</td></tr><tr><td>A8431010</td><td>0.06</td><td>1.17</td><td>167</td><td>1241</td><td>6.0715</td><td>49.2564</td><td>882</td><td>657</td><td>304</td><td>L'Orne à Rosselange</td></tr><tr><td>A9942010</td><td>-0.39</td><td>0.72</td><td>191</td><td>1150</td><td>6.5397</td><td>49.3012</td><td>835</td><td>659</td><td>279</td><td>La Nied à Bouzonville</td></tr><tr><td>B0220010</td><td>-0.18</td><td>0.65</td><td>300</td><td>368</td><td>5.6139</td><td>48.2406</td><td>960</td><td>658</td><td>365</td><td>La Meuse à Goncourt</td></tr><tr><td>B1092010</td><td>-1.02</td><td>0.40</td><td>291</td><td>401</td><td>5.7104</td><td>48.3171</td><td>1002</td><td>644</td><td>346</td><td>Le Mouzon à Circourt-sur-Mouzon (Villars)</td></tr><tr><td>B2220010</td><td>-0.46</td><td>0.75</td><td>216</td><td>2543</td><td>5.5310</td><td>48.8709</td><td>978</td><td>649</td><td>384</td><td>La Meuse à Saint-Mihiel</td></tr><tr><td>B3150020</td><td>-0.59</td><td>0.84</td><td>162</td><td>3915</td><td>5.1780</td><td>49.4939</td><td>975</td><td>650</td><td>397</td><td>La Meuse à Stenay</td></tr><tr><td>B4631010</td><td>-0.26</td><td>0.74</td><td>159</td><td>1978</td><td>5.1592</td><td>49.6292</td><td>929</td><td>642</td><td>412</td><td>La Chiers à Carignan</td></tr><tr><td>B5322010</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.77</td><td>153</td><td>125</td><td>4.7142</td><td>49.7277</td><td>1021</td><td>635</td><td>584</td><td>La Vence à la Francheville</td></tr><tr><td>D0206010</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.79</td><td>133</td><td>115</td><td>3.9971</td><td>50.2613</td><td>906</td><td>635</td><td>397</td><td>La Solre à Ferrière-la-Grande</td></tr><tr><td>E1766010</td><td>-0.15</td><td>0.26</td><td>37</td><td>88</td><td>3.5325</td><td>50.3304</td><td>769</td><td>649</td><td>220</td><td>La Rhonelle à Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes</td></tr><tr><td>E1827020</td><td>-0.31</td><td>0.99</td><td>15</td><td>241</td><td>3.6376</td><td>50.4379</td><td>770</td><td>649</td><td>267</td><td>L'Hogneau à Thivencelle</td></tr><tr><td>E3346010</td><td>-0.35</td><td>0.45</td><td>26</td><td>132</td><td>3.1820</td><td>50.5783</td><td>762</td><td>665</td><td>218</td><td>La Marque à Bouvines</td></tr><tr><td>E3511210</td><td>-1.45</td><td>0.81</td><td>83</td><td>87</td><td>2.1734</td><td>50.5219</td><td>1068</td><td>623</td><td>409</td><td>La Lys à Lugy</td></tr><tr><td>E4035710</td><td>0.12</td><td>0.79</td><td>19</td><td>392</td><td>2.2448</td><td>50.7085</td><td>1026</td><td>620</td><td>461</td><td>L'Aa à Wizernes</td></tr><tr><td>E5300210</td><td>-0.90</td><td>0.73</td><td>26</td><td>103</td><td>1.7677</td><td>50.6812</td><td>1054</td><td>632</td><td>574</td><td>La Liane à Wirwignes</td></tr><tr><td>E5400310</td><td>-0.08</td><td>0.44</td><td>6</td><td>917</td><td>1.8308</td><td>50.4483</td><td>1002</td><td>629</td><td>435</td><td>La Canche à Brimeux</td></tr><tr><td>E5406510</td><td>-0.08</td><td>0.55</td><td>24</td><td>345</td><td>2.0378</td><td>50.3799</td><td>997</td><td>627</td><td>428</td><td>La Ternoise à Hesdin</td></tr><tr><td>E5505720</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.36</td><td>12</td><td>792</td><td>1.9177</td><td>50.3050</td><td>904</td><td>634</td><td>332</td><td>L'Authie à Dompierre-sur-Authie</td></tr><tr><td>E6470910</td><td>0.08</td><td>0.34</td><td>4</td><td>5643</td><td>1.8793</td><td>50.0625</td><td>744</td><td>649</td><td>205</td><td>La Somme à Abbeville (Epagne-Epagnette)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C2. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>G1003010</td><td>-0.58</td><td>0.69</td><td>15</td><td>255</td><td>1.3381</td><td>50.0001</td><td>963</td><td>635</td><td>337</td><td>L'Yères à Touffreville-sur-Eu</td></tr><tr><td>H0100010</td><td>-0.57</td><td>0.67</td><td>249</td><td>373</td><td>4.5700</td><td>47.7649</td><td>949</td><td>669</td><td>384</td><td>La Seine à Nod-sur-Seine</td></tr><tr><td>H0100020</td><td>-1.07</td><td>0.87</td><td>180</td><td>686</td><td>4.4806</td><td>47.9960</td><td>919</td><td>678</td><td>486</td><td>La Seine à Plaines-Saint-Lange</td></tr><tr><td>H0400010</td><td>-0.24</td><td>0.66</td><td>149</td><td>2340</td><td>4.3767</td><td>48.1166</td><td>906</td><td>678</td><td>340</td><td>La Seine à Bar-sur-Seine</td></tr><tr><td>H0400020</td><td>-0.13</td><td>0.60</td><td>139</td><td>2392</td><td>4.3107</td><td>48.1474</td><td>904</td><td>678</td><td>208</td><td>La Seine à Courtenot</td></tr><tr><td>H0503010</td><td>-0.09</td><td>0.64</td><td>109</td><td>249</td><td>4.1097</td><td>48.2459</td><td>795</td><td>690</td><td>184</td><td>L'Hozain à Buchères (Courgerennes)</td></tr><tr><td>H1051020</td><td>-0.29</td><td>0.66</td><td>185</td><td>690</td><td>4.7959</td><td>48.1454</td><td>948</td><td>668</td><td>336</td><td>L'Aube (partielle) à Longchamp-sur-Aujon (Outre Aube)</td></tr><tr><td>H1333010</td><td>1.62</td><td>1.87</td><td>137</td><td>22</td><td>4.7353</td><td>48.3788</td><td>877</td><td>685</td><td>1447</td><td>La Laine à Soulaines-Dhuys</td></tr><tr><td>H1513210</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.72</td><td>86</td><td>171</td><td>4.0628</td><td>48.5380</td><td>713</td><td>687</td><td>131</td><td>La Barbuise à Pouan-les-Vallées</td></tr><tr><td>H1603010</td><td>-0.21</td><td>0.46</td><td>78</td><td>366</td><td>3.9053</td><td>48.6139</td><td>730</td><td>680</td><td>133</td><td>La Superbe à Saint-Saturnin</td></tr><tr><td>H1932020</td><td>0.04</td><td>0.43</td><td>63</td><td>281</td><td>3.2347</td><td>48.4878</td><td>749</td><td>684</td><td>187</td><td>La Voulzie à Jutigny</td></tr><tr><td>H2062010</td><td>-0.61</td><td>0.29</td><td>161</td><td>264</td><td>3.4936</td><td>47.4144</td><td>891</td><td>702</td><td>238</td><td>Le Beuvron à Ouagne (Champmoreau)</td></tr><tr><td>H2073110</td><td>-1.00</td><td>0.40</td><td>170</td><td>87</td><td>3.4078</td><td>47.4305</td><td>912</td><td>696</td><td>318</td><td>Le Sauzay à Corvol-l'Orgueilleux</td></tr><tr><td>H2083110</td><td>-0.32</td><td>0.52</td><td>150</td><td>192</td><td>3.5090</td><td>47.5096</td><td>824</td><td>693</td><td>244</td><td>La Druyes à Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>H2322010</td><td>-0.49</td><td>0.47</td><td>312</td><td>267</td><td>4.2917</td><td>47.4181</td><td>949</td><td>676</td><td>262</td><td>Le Serein à Bierre-lès-Semur</td></tr><tr><td>H2342010</td><td>-0.35</td><td>0.51</td><td>129</td><td>1116</td><td>3.8002</td><td>47.8176</td><td>873</td><td>691</td><td>224</td><td>Le Serein à Chablis</td></tr><tr><td>H2412010</td><td>-0.20</td><td>0.58</td><td>205</td><td>478</td><td>4.2627</td><td>47.6075</td><td>902</td><td>678</td><td>217</td><td>L'Armançon à Quincy-le-Vicomte</td></tr><tr><td>H2513110</td><td>-0.43</td><td>0.75</td><td>88</td><td>133</td><td>3.3552</td><td>47.9392</td><td>752</td><td>711</td><td>187</td><td>Le Tholon à Champvallon</td></tr><tr><td>H3102010</td><td>-0.39</td><td>0.49</td><td>187</td><td>152</td><td>3.2926</td><td>47.7329</td><td>825</td><td>686</td><td>192</td><td>L'Ouanne à Toucy</td></tr><tr><td>H3122010</td><td>-0.46</td><td>0.46</td><td>133</td><td>559</td><td>3.0908</td><td>47.8855</td><td>814</td><td>691</td><td>195</td><td>L'Ouanne à Charny</td></tr><tr><td>H3201010</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.64</td><td>78</td><td>2302</td><td>2.7322</td><td>48.0356</td><td>747</td><td>701</td><td>156</td><td>Le Loing à Châlette-sur-Loing</td></tr><tr><td>H3613010</td><td>-0.14</td><td>0.22</td><td>86</td><td>162</td><td>2.8603</td><td>48.2455</td><td>742</td><td>703</td><td>92</td><td>Le Lunain à Paley</td></tr><tr><td>H3623010</td><td>-0.15</td><td>0.23</td><td>105</td><td>104</td><td>3.0234</td><td>48.2564</td><td>778</td><td>701</td><td>107</td><td>L'Orvanne à Blennes</td></tr><tr><td>H4022020</td><td>-0.20</td><td>0.19</td><td>56</td><td>851</td><td>2.3475</td><td>48.4643</td><td>660</td><td>705</td><td>135</td><td>L'Essonne à Guigneville-sur-Essonne (La Mothe)</td></tr><tr><td>H4223110</td><td>-0.16</td><td>0.43</td><td>80</td><td>152</td><td>2.0333</td><td>48.5700</td><td>675</td><td>683</td><td>134</td><td>La Remarde à Saint-Cyr-sous-Dourdan</td></tr><tr><td>H4243010</td><td>-0.18</td><td>0.55</td><td>54</td><td>231</td><td>2.2335</td><td>48.7006</td><td>675</td><td>682</td><td>187</td><td>L'Yvette à Villebon-sur-Yvette</td></tr><tr><td>H5062010</td><td>-0.14</td><td>0.76</td><td>206</td><td>618</td><td>5.1655</td><td>48.3440</td><td>1027</td><td>659</td><td>486</td><td>Le Rognon à Doulaincourt-Saucourt</td></tr><tr><td>H5142610</td><td>-0.39</td><td>0.79</td><td>170</td><td>114</td><td>5.0558</td><td>48.8836</td><td>1072</td><td>653</td><td>438</td><td>La Chée à Villotte-devant-Louppy (Villote devant Loupy)</td></tr><tr><td>H5172010</td><td>-0.23</td><td>0.78</td><td>95</td><td>2109</td><td>4.6271</td><td>48.7460</td><td>1033</td><td>657</td><td>411</td><td>La Saulx à Vitry-en-Perthois</td></tr><tr><td>H5732010</td><td>-0.06</td><td>0.84</td><td>62</td><td>769</td><td>3.0131</td><td>48.8174</td><td>763</td><td>678</td><td>232</td><td>Le Grand Morin à Pommeuse</td></tr><tr><td>H6102010</td><td>-0.63</td><td>0.73</td><td>222</td><td>283</td><td>5.2090</td><td>48.9645</td><td>1089</td><td>646</td><td>413</td><td>L'Aire à Beausite (Amblaincourt)</td></tr><tr><td>H6122010</td><td>-0.56</td><td>0.97</td><td>154</td><td>629</td><td>5.0342</td><td>49.2275</td><td>1055</td><td>649</td><td>464</td><td>L'Aire à Varennes-en-Argonne</td></tr><tr><td>H6162010</td><td>-0.40</td><td>0.92</td><td>117</td><td>957</td><td>4.9036</td><td>49.3338</td><td>1032</td><td>651</td><td>445</td><td>L'Aire à Chevières</td></tr><tr><td>H6201010</td><td>-0.44</td><td>0.78</td><td>100</td><td>2242</td><td>4.7827</td><td>49.3075</td><td>954</td><td>660</td><td>341</td><td>L'Aisne à Mouron</td></tr><tr><td>H6221010</td><td>-0.48</td><td>0.84</td><td>77</td><td>2888</td><td>4.5377</td><td>49.4920</td><td>942</td><td>659</td><td>342</td><td>L'Aisne à Givry</td></tr><tr><td>H6313020</td><td>-0.19</td><td>0.27</td><td>59</td><td>810</td><td>4.0238</td><td>49.3835</td><td>755</td><td>668</td><td>161</td><td>La Sippe à Orainville</td></tr><tr><td>H6423010</td><td>-0.05</td><td>0.58</td><td>58</td><td>300</td><td>3.6736</td><td>49.3061</td><td>712</td><td>663</td><td>166</td><td>L'Ardres à Fismes</td></tr><tr><td>H6531011</td><td>-0.23</td><td>0.57</td><td>33</td><td>7810</td><td>2.9521</td><td>49.4108</td><td>832</td><td>664</td><td>287</td><td>L'Aisne à Trosty-Breuil (Hérant)</td></tr><tr><td>H7021010</td><td>-0.09</td><td>0.59</td><td>160</td><td>320</td><td>4.0709</td><td>49.9227</td><td>1034</td><td>623</td><td>547</td><td>L'Oise à Hirson</td></tr><tr><td>H7033010</td><td>-0.95</td><td>0.90</td><td>140</td><td>256</td><td>4.0199</td><td>49.8956</td><td>990</td><td>634</td><td>463</td><td>Le Thon à Origny-en-Thiérache</td></tr><tr><td>H7041010</td><td>-0.27</td><td>0.85</td><td>101</td><td>860</td><td>3.7003</td><td>49.8996</td><td>987</td><td>633</td><td>467</td><td>L'Oise à Monceau-sur-Oise</td></tr><tr><td>H7061010</td><td>-0.35</td><td>0.80</td><td>70</td><td>1193</td><td>3.4821</td><td>49.8399</td><td>949</td><td>635</td><td>330</td><td>L'Oise à Origny-Sainte-Benoite</td></tr><tr><td>H7162010</td><td>-0.17</td><td>0.85</td><td>51</td><td>1637</td><td>3.4843</td><td>49.6926</td><td>848</td><td>654</td><td>291</td><td>La Serre à Pont à Bucy</td></tr><tr><td>H7401010</td><td>-0.21</td><td>0.57</td><td>35</td><td>4320</td><td>2.9939</td><td>49.5597</td><td>843</td><td>652</td><td>256</td><td>L'Oise à Sempigny</td></tr><tr><td>H7423710</td><td>-0.24</td><td>0.36</td><td>33</td><td>280</td><td>2.8464</td><td>49.4418</td><td>696</td><td>663</td><td>140</td><td>L'Aronde à Clairoix</td></tr><tr><td>H7611012</td><td>-0.14</td><td>0.60</td><td>26</td><td>13 484</td><td>2.6211</td><td>49.3105</td><td>824</td><td>661</td><td>264</td><td>L'Oise à Pont-Sainte-Maxence (Sarron)</td></tr><tr><td>H7713010</td><td>-0.52</td><td>0.31</td><td>89</td><td>214</td><td>1.9986</td><td>49.5287</td><td>843</td><td>633</td><td>238</td><td>Le Petit Thérain à Saint-Omer-en-Chaussée</td></tr><tr><td>H7742010</td><td>-0.82</td><td>0.68</td><td>61</td><td>755</td><td>2.0998</td><td>49.4220</td><td>843</td><td>639</td><td>238</td><td>Le Thérain à Beauvais</td></tr><tr><td>H7742020</td><td>-0.25</td><td>0.42</td><td>33</td><td>1210</td><td>2.3779</td><td>49.2623</td><td>799</td><td>647</td><td>223</td><td>Le Thérain à Maysel</td></tr><tr><td>H7833520</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.09</td><td>32</td><td>58</td><td>2.3997</td><td>49.1365</td><td>707</td><td>690</td><td>120</td><td>L'Ysieux à Viarmes (Giez)</td></tr><tr><td>H7853010</td><td>-0.23</td><td>0.22</td><td>37</td><td>102</td><td>2.1710</td><td>49.1266</td><td>713</td><td>671</td><td>167</td><td>Le Sausseron à Nesles-la-Vallée</td></tr><tr><td>H8012010</td><td>-0.66</td><td>0.63</td><td>87</td><td>247</td><td>1.7288</td><td>49.4728</td><td>971</td><td>636</td><td>248</td><td>L'Epte à Gournay-en-Bray</td></tr><tr><td>H8043310</td><td>0.02</td><td>-0.01</td><td>40</td><td>99</td><td>1.6901</td><td>49.1510</td><td>732</td><td>664</td><td>149</td><td>L'Aubette de Magny à Ambleville</td></tr><tr><td>H8212010</td><td>-0.45</td><td>0.53</td><td>53</td><td>377</td><td>1.3833</td><td>49.4454</td><td>973</td><td>636</td><td>338</td><td>L'Andelle à Vascoeuil</td></tr><tr><td>H9202010</td><td>0.15</td><td>0.44</td><td>119</td><td>477</td><td>1.1049</td><td>48.7617</td><td>738</td><td>666</td><td>175</td><td>L'Avre à Acon</td></tr><tr><td>H9222010</td><td>0.12</td><td>0.35</td><td>78</td><td>872</td><td>1.3467</td><td>48.7748</td><td>701</td><td>666</td><td>133</td><td>L'Avre à Muzy</td></tr><tr><td>H9331010</td><td>0.08</td><td>0.28</td><td>24</td><td>4561</td><td>1.2087</td><td>49.1151</td><td>661</td><td>674</td><td>128</td><td>L'Eure à Cailly-sur-Eure</td></tr><tr><td>H9402030</td><td>-0.15</td><td>0.26</td><td>47</td><td>1029</td><td>1.1507</td><td>49.0804</td><td>690</td><td>666</td><td>115</td><td>L'Iton à Normanville</td></tr><tr><td>H9501010</td><td>-0.13</td><td>0.11</td><td>13</td><td>5891</td><td>1.1775</td><td>49.2244</td><td>667</td><td>672</td><td>134</td><td>L'Eure à Louviers</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C3. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>I0113010</td><td>-0.17</td><td>0.51</td><td>166</td><td>82</td><td>0.4851</td><td>48.9452</td><td>819</td><td>642</td><td>248</td><td>Le Guiel à Montreuil-l'Argillé</td></tr><tr><td>I0122010</td><td>-0.20</td><td>0.47</td><td>127</td><td>251</td><td>0.5684</td><td>49.0237</td><td>819</td><td>641</td><td>272</td><td>La Charentonne à Ferrières-Saint-Hilaire</td></tr><tr><td>I1203010</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.46</td><td>32</td><td>173</td><td>0.2855</td><td>49.2978</td><td>813</td><td>659</td><td>323</td><td>La Calonne aux Authieux-sur-Calonne</td></tr><tr><td>I2001010</td><td>-0.41</td><td>0.57</td><td>90</td><td>88</td><td>0.0745</td><td>48.8149</td><td>747</td><td>663</td><td>156</td><td>La Dives à Saint-Lambert-sur-Dive</td></tr><tr><td>I2021010</td><td>-0.37</td><td>0.37</td><td>53</td><td>283</td><td>-0.0778</td><td>48.8982</td><td>732</td><td>663</td><td>164</td><td>La Dives à Beaumais</td></tr><tr><td>I2213610</td><td>-0.07</td><td>0.52</td><td>6</td><td>57</td><td>-0.0688</td><td>49.2346</td><td>772</td><td>666</td><td>251</td><td>L'Ancre à Cricqueville-en-Auge</td></tr><tr><td>I1313010</td><td>-0.23</td><td>0.64</td><td>106</td><td>1019</td><td>-0.3029</td><td>48.7927</td><td>821</td><td>659</td><td>232</td><td>L'Orne à Rabodanges</td></tr><tr><td>I4032010</td><td>-0.76</td><td>0.63</td><td>8</td><td>256</td><td>-0.5305</td><td>49.2910</td><td>877</td><td>662</td><td>293</td><td>La Seulles à Tierceville</td></tr><tr><td>I5053010</td><td>1.15</td><td>0.24</td><td>76</td><td>116</td><td>-0.8883</td><td>48.9474</td><td>941</td><td>643</td><td>421</td><td>La Souleuvre à Carville</td></tr><tr><td>I7222020</td><td>0.47</td><td>1.62</td><td>18</td><td>141</td><td>-1.4438</td><td>49.0363</td><td>1032</td><td>659</td><td>542</td><td>La Soulles à Saint-Pierre-de-Coutances</td></tr><tr><td>I7913610</td><td>-0.27</td><td>0.70</td><td>9</td><td>73</td><td>-1.5317</td><td>48.7843</td><td>1014</td><td>669</td><td>398</td><td>Le Thar à Jullouville</td></tr><tr><td>J0014010</td><td>-1.09</td><td>0.44</td><td>111</td><td>65</td><td>-1.1988</td><td>48.3744</td><td>878</td><td>675</td><td>312</td><td>Le Nançon à Lécousse (Pont aux Anes)</td></tr><tr><td>J0144010</td><td>-0.76</td><td>0.54</td><td>58</td><td>82</td><td>-1.4364</td><td>48.4292</td><td>870</td><td>680</td><td>290</td><td>La Loysance à Saint-Ouen-la-Rouërie</td></tr><tr><td>J0323010</td><td>-0.42</td><td>0.39</td><td>19</td><td>62</td><td>-1.6874</td><td>48.5271</td><td>775</td><td>678</td><td>213</td><td>Le Guyoult à Epiniac</td></tr><tr><td>J1103010</td><td>-0.82</td><td>0.61</td><td>32</td><td>103</td><td>-2.3337</td><td>48.4024</td><td>867</td><td>672</td><td>235</td><td>L'Arguenon à Jugon-les-Lacs</td></tr><tr><td>J1114010</td><td>-0.54</td><td>0.22</td><td>41</td><td>113</td><td>-2.2478</td><td>48.3644</td><td>775</td><td>679</td><td>199</td><td>La Rosette à Mégrit</td></tr><tr><td>J1313010</td><td>-0.77</td><td>0.72</td><td>40</td><td>244</td><td>-2.5686</td><td>48.4848</td><td>772</td><td>674</td><td>175</td><td>Le Gouessant à Andel</td></tr><tr><td>J1513010</td><td>-0.87</td><td>0.81</td><td>103</td><td>135</td><td>-2.8332</td><td>48.4474</td><td>1055</td><td>653</td><td>371</td><td>Le Gouët à Saint-Julien</td></tr><tr><td>J1813010</td><td>-0.68</td><td>0.57</td><td>17</td><td>342</td><td>-3.0672</td><td>48.7054</td><td>908</td><td>668</td><td>241</td><td>Le Leff à Quemper-Guézennec</td></tr><tr><td>J2233010</td><td>-0.74</td><td>0.62</td><td>94</td><td>265</td><td>-3.3982</td><td>48.5465</td><td>1088</td><td>644</td><td>562</td><td>Le Légué à Belle-Isle-en-Terre</td></tr><tr><td>J2603010</td><td>-0.48</td><td>0.54</td><td>26</td><td>44</td><td>-3.7997</td><td>48.5660</td><td>1168</td><td>660</td><td>523</td><td>Le Jarlot à Plougonven</td></tr><tr><td>J2605410</td><td>-0.56</td><td>0.51</td><td>27</td><td>42</td><td>-3.7971</td><td>48.5671</td><td>1136</td><td>655</td><td>445</td><td>Le Tromorgant à Plougonven</td></tr><tr><td>J2723010</td><td>-0.66</td><td>0.74</td><td>13</td><td>142</td><td>-3.9242</td><td>48.5847</td><td>1175</td><td>660</td><td>641</td><td>La Penze à Taulé (Penhoat)</td></tr><tr><td>J3024010</td><td>-0.12</td><td>0.76</td><td>33</td><td>45</td><td>-4.0762</td><td>48.6163</td><td>966</td><td>663</td><td>489</td><td>Le Guillec à Trézilidé</td></tr><tr><td>J3205710</td><td>-0.13</td><td>0.91</td><td>39</td><td>24</td><td>-4.3618</td><td>48.5310</td><td>1098</td><td>673</td><td>596</td><td>L'Aber Wrac'h au Drennec</td></tr><tr><td>J3213020</td><td>-0.56</td><td>0.81</td><td>47</td><td>27</td><td>-4.4058</td><td>48.5240</td><td>1102</td><td>673</td><td>574</td><td>L'Aber-Benoit à Plabennec (Loc Maria)</td></tr><tr><td>J3323020</td><td>-0.36</td><td>0.66</td><td>20</td><td>95</td><td>-4.6805</td><td>48.4556</td><td>1058</td><td>673</td><td>468</td><td>L'Aber Ildut à Brélès (Keringar)</td></tr><tr><td>J3601810</td><td>-2.25</td><td>1.21</td><td>97</td><td>117</td><td>-3.6678</td><td>48.3889</td><td>1246</td><td>648</td><td>589</td><td>L'Aulne à Scrignac (Le Goask)</td></tr><tr><td>J3713010</td><td>-0.82</td><td>0.65</td><td>91</td><td>258</td><td>-3.5100</td><td>48.3211</td><td>1099</td><td>660</td><td>531</td><td>L'Hyères à Trébrivan (Pont Neuf)</td></tr><tr><td>J3834010</td><td>-0.11</td><td>0.77</td><td>26</td><td>140</td><td>-4.0610</td><td>48.2599</td><td>1289</td><td>663</td><td>765</td><td>La Douffine à Saint-Ségal (Kerbriant)</td></tr><tr><td>J4214510</td><td>-0.88</td><td>0.62</td><td>128</td><td>7</td><td>-3.9866</td><td>48.1025</td><td>1217</td><td>669</td><td>706</td><td>Le Langelin à Briec (Pont D 72)</td></tr><tr><td>J4224010</td><td>-0.52</td><td>0.64</td><td>22</td><td>108</td><td>-4.0146</td><td>47.9891</td><td>1191</td><td>682</td><td>665</td><td>Le Jet à Ergué-Gabéric</td></tr><tr><td>J4313010</td><td>-0.25</td><td>0.95</td><td>20</td><td>181</td><td>-4.1470</td><td>48.0269</td><td>1205</td><td>679</td><td>638</td><td>Le Steir à Guengat (Ty Planche)</td></tr><tr><td>J4514010</td><td>-0.39</td><td>0.66</td><td>20</td><td>21</td><td>-3.8745</td><td>47.8838</td><td>1101</td><td>699</td><td>498</td><td>Le Moros à Concarneau (Pont D 22)</td></tr><tr><td>J4614010</td><td>-0.72</td><td>0.65</td><td>36</td><td>72</td><td>-3.7512</td><td>47.9075</td><td>1230</td><td>680</td><td>680</td><td>Le Ster Goz à Bannalec (Pont Meya)</td></tr><tr><td>J4742010</td><td>-0.33</td><td>0.74</td><td>23</td><td>576</td><td>-3.4691</td><td>47.9038</td><td>1192</td><td>666</td><td>548</td><td>L'Éllé à Arzano (Pont Ty Nadan)</td></tr><tr><td>J4803010</td><td>-1.29</td><td>1.14</td><td>100</td><td>102</td><td>-3.6705</td><td>47.9883</td><td>1295</td><td>662</td><td>720</td><td>L'Isole à Scaër (Stang Boudilin)</td></tr><tr><td>J4902010</td><td>-0.06</td><td>0.90</td><td>7</td><td>832</td><td>-3.5429</td><td>47.8677</td><td>1203</td><td>668</td><td>564</td><td>La Laita à Quimperlé (ancienne)</td></tr><tr><td>J5102210</td><td>-0.54</td><td>0.54</td><td>24</td><td>299</td><td>-3.4197</td><td>47.9054</td><td>1194</td><td>674</td><td>534</td><td>Le Scorff à Plouay (Pont Kerlo)</td></tr><tr><td>J5613010</td><td>-0.53</td><td>0.52</td><td>44</td><td>316</td><td>-2.9741</td><td>47.9013</td><td>941</td><td>687</td><td>338</td><td>L'Evel à Guénin</td></tr><tr><td>J5704810</td><td>-0.73</td><td>0.50</td><td>46</td><td>46</td><td>-3.2011</td><td>47.9051</td><td>1146</td><td>687</td><td>568</td><td>Le Coët-Organ à Quistinic (Kerdec)</td></tr><tr><td>J6213010</td><td>-0.51</td><td>1.05</td><td>25</td><td>182</td><td>-2.9895</td><td>47.7221</td><td>1021</td><td>698</td><td>473</td><td>Le Loch à Brech</td></tr><tr><td>J7083110</td><td>-0.40</td><td>0.62</td><td>44</td><td>152</td><td>-1.4982</td><td>48.1832</td><td>838</td><td>693</td><td>227</td><td>Le Chevré à la Bouëxière (Le Drugeon)</td></tr><tr><td>J7483010</td><td>-0.32</td><td>0.75</td><td>17</td><td>809</td><td>-1.7225</td><td>48.0199</td><td>748</td><td>710</td><td>185</td><td>La Seiche à Bruz (Carcé)</td></tr><tr><td>J7633010</td><td>-0.24</td><td>0.89</td><td>24</td><td>406</td><td>-1.6299</td><td>47.8601</td><td>779</td><td>709</td><td>231</td><td>Le Semnon à Bain-de-Bretagne (Rochereuil)</td></tr><tr><td>J7824010</td><td>-0.26</td><td>0.76</td><td>15</td><td>112</td><td>-1.6910</td><td>47.7130</td><td>780</td><td>712</td><td>202</td><td>L'Aron à Grand-Fougeray (La Bernardais)</td></tr><tr><td>J7973010</td><td>-0.20</td><td>0.90</td><td>27</td><td>40</td><td>-1.9791</td><td>47.7766</td><td>773</td><td>716</td><td>237</td><td>Le Canut Sud à Saint-Just (La rivière Colombel)</td></tr><tr><td>J8002310</td><td>-1.58</td><td>1.12</td><td>178</td><td>29</td><td>-2.9654</td><td>48.3216</td><td>1105</td><td>649</td><td>404</td><td>L'Oust à Saint-Martin-des-Prés (La Ville Rouault)</td></tr><tr><td>J8363110</td><td>-0.44</td><td>0.79</td><td>35</td><td>301</td><td>-2.3687</td><td>47.9948</td><td>807</td><td>682</td><td>236</td><td>L'Yvel à Loyat (Pont D 129)</td></tr><tr><td>J8433010</td><td>-0.49</td><td>0.72</td><td>49</td><td>135</td><td>-2.7029</td><td>47.8259</td><td>993</td><td>691</td><td>408</td><td>La Claie à Saint-Jean-Brélay</td></tr><tr><td>J8602410</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.57</td><td>69</td><td>28</td><td>-2.1435</td><td>47.9828</td><td>856</td><td>664</td><td>262</td><td>L'Aff à Paimpont (Pont du Secret)</td></tr><tr><td>J8632410</td><td>-0.37</td><td>0.68</td><td>14</td><td>343</td><td>-2.0744</td><td>47.8297</td><td>815</td><td>686</td><td>245</td><td>L'Aff à Quelneuc (La rivière)</td></tr><tr><td>J8813010</td><td>-0.42</td><td>0.90</td><td>26</td><td>161</td><td>-2.4321</td><td>47.7174</td><td>1009</td><td>698</td><td>439</td><td>L'Arz à Molac (Le Qinquizio)</td></tr><tr><td>J9300610</td><td>-0.10</td><td>0.54</td><td>1</td><td>10 148</td><td>-2.1255</td><td>47.5801</td><td>819</td><td>701</td><td>231</td><td>La Vilaine à Rieux</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C4. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>K0010010</td><td>0.42</td><td>1.48</td><td>1116</td><td>60</td><td>4.1475</td><td>44.7704</td><td>1369</td><td>558</td><td>1374</td><td>La Loire à Usclades-et-Rieutord (Rieutord)</td></tr><tr><td>K0403010</td><td>-0.07</td><td>1.02</td><td>936</td><td>138</td><td>4.3015</td><td>45.0575</td><td>1097</td><td>579</td><td>699</td><td>Le Lignon du Velay au Chambon-sur-Lignon</td></tr><tr><td>K0454010</td><td>-0.19</td><td>0.79</td><td>596</td><td>217</td><td>4.2141</td><td>45.2146</td><td>941</td><td>612</td><td>454</td><td>La Dunières à Sainte-Sigolène (Vaubarlet)</td></tr><tr><td>K0523010</td><td>-1.02</td><td>0.38</td><td>706</td><td>347</td><td>3.9380</td><td>45.3071</td><td>1114</td><td>585</td><td>378</td><td>L'Ance du Nord à Saint-Julien-d'Ance (Laprat)</td></tr><tr><td>K0567520</td><td>-0.48</td><td>0.86</td><td>653</td><td>129</td><td>4.2494</td><td>45.3148</td><td>951</td><td>619</td><td>454</td><td>La Semène à Saint-Didier-en-Velay (Le Crouzet)</td></tr><tr><td>K0567530</td><td>-0.07</td><td>0.36</td><td>811</td><td>58</td><td>4.3649</td><td>45.3002</td><td>1001</td><td>606</td><td>461</td><td>La Semène à Jonzieux</td></tr><tr><td>K0624510</td><td>-0.28</td><td>0.56</td><td>432</td><td>105</td><td>4.1870</td><td>45.4706</td><td>953</td><td>654</td><td>246</td><td>Le Bonson à Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez (Le Bled)</td></tr><tr><td>K0663310</td><td>-0.84</td><td>1.07</td><td>583</td><td>61</td><td>4.5258</td><td>45.6283</td><td>888</td><td>677</td><td>318</td><td>La Coise à Larajasse (Le Nézel)</td></tr><tr><td>K0673310</td><td>-0.15</td><td>1.05</td><td>436</td><td>181</td><td>4.3750</td><td>45.6087</td><td>883</td><td>683</td><td>268</td><td>La Coise à Saint-Médard-en-Forez (Moulin Brûlé)</td></tr><tr><td>K0724510</td><td>-0.53</td><td>0.65</td><td>342</td><td>13</td><td>4.2294</td><td>45.7759</td><td>768</td><td>717</td><td>204</td><td>Le Chanasson à Civens (La rivière)</td></tr><tr><td>K0733220</td><td>-1.58</td><td>0.63</td><td>817</td><td>60</td><td>3.8672</td><td>45.6968</td><td>1124</td><td>561</td><td>857</td><td>Le Lignon de Chalmazel à Chalmazel (Chevelières)</td></tr><tr><td>K0773220</td><td>-1.15</td><td>0.74</td><td>333</td><td>662</td><td>4.1649</td><td>45.7311</td><td>923</td><td>654</td><td>347</td><td>Le Lignon de Chalmazel à Poncins (2)</td></tr><tr><td>K0813020</td><td>-1.84</td><td>1.58</td><td>378</td><td>197</td><td>4.0022</td><td>45.8317</td><td>987</td><td>635</td><td>445</td><td>L'Aix à Saint-Germain-Laval</td></tr><tr><td>K0974010</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.84</td><td>364</td><td>86</td><td>4.1866</td><td>45.9548</td><td>896</td><td>698</td><td>290</td><td>Le Gand à Neaux</td></tr><tr><td>K0983010</td><td>-0.47</td><td>0.84</td><td>293</td><td>435</td><td>4.1190</td><td>45.9802</td><td>932</td><td>699</td><td>363</td><td>Le Rhins à Saint-Cyr-de-Favières (Pont Mordon)</td></tr><tr><td>K1084010</td><td>-1.58</td><td>0.71</td><td>357</td><td>23</td><td>3.8847</td><td>46.1375</td><td>840</td><td>686</td><td>400</td><td>La Teyssonne à Changy (La Noaillerie)</td></tr><tr><td>K1173210</td><td>5.89</td><td>2.39</td><td>241</td><td>593</td><td>4.0495</td><td>46.3583</td><td>911</td><td>702</td><td>278</td><td>L'Arconce à Montceaux-l'Étoile</td></tr><tr><td>K1284810</td><td>-0.63</td><td>0.78</td><td>318</td><td>135</td><td>4.1977</td><td>47.0039</td><td>1211</td><td>657</td><td>690</td><td>La Selle à la Celle-en-Morvan (Polroy)</td></tr><tr><td>K1321810</td><td>-1.25</td><td>0.49</td><td>268</td><td>1792</td><td>4.1924</td><td>46.8510</td><td>998</td><td>679</td><td>368</td><td>L'Arroux à Étang-sur-Arroux (Pont du Tacot)</td></tr><tr><td>K1503010</td><td>-1.69</td><td>0.47</td><td>361</td><td>157</td><td>3.6812</td><td>46.1266</td><td>1113</td><td>642</td><td>458</td><td>La Besbre à Châtel-Montagne</td></tr><tr><td>K1524010</td><td>-0.99</td><td>0.69</td><td>314</td><td>121</td><td>3.6880</td><td>46.1940</td><td>999</td><td>686</td><td>436</td><td>Le Barbenan au Breuil</td></tr><tr><td>K1724210</td><td>-1.05</td><td>0.80</td><td>212</td><td>114</td><td>3.7638</td><td>46.9112</td><td>1109</td><td>689</td><td>481</td><td>La Dragne à Vandenesse</td></tr><tr><td>K1753110</td><td>-0.91</td><td>0.25</td><td>200</td><td>333</td><td>3.6794</td><td>46.8447</td><td>978</td><td>691</td><td>398</td><td>L'Alène à Cercy-la-Tour (Coueron)</td></tr><tr><td>K1914510</td><td>-0.62</td><td>0.63</td><td>196</td><td>115</td><td>3.3367</td><td>46.9625</td><td>928</td><td>689</td><td>326</td><td>L'Ixeure à la Fermeté</td></tr><tr><td>K1954010</td><td>-0.68</td><td>0.64</td><td>207</td><td>226</td><td>3.2529</td><td>47.1341</td><td>941</td><td>686</td><td>312</td><td>La Nièvre d'Arzembouy à Poiseux (Poisson)</td></tr><tr><td>K2064010</td><td>-0.86</td><td>1.28</td><td>910</td><td>66</td><td>3.8584</td><td>44.7298</td><td>938</td><td>562</td><td>661</td><td>Le Langouyrou à Langogne</td></tr><tr><td>K2123010</td><td>-0.66</td><td>0.89</td><td>1124</td><td>125</td><td>3.6993</td><td>44.6725</td><td>959</td><td>550</td><td>366</td><td>Le Chapeauroux à Châteauneuf-de-Randon (Hermet)</td></tr><tr><td>K2233020</td><td>-0.35</td><td>1.37</td><td>634</td><td>231</td><td>3.6368</td><td>44.9674</td><td>867</td><td>568</td><td>349</td><td>L'Ance du Sud à Monistrol-d'Allier (Pouzas)</td></tr><tr><td>K2514010</td><td>-0.08</td><td>1.13</td><td>768</td><td>156</td><td>3.0065</td><td>45.1340</td><td>1223</td><td>563</td><td>542</td><td>L'Allanche à Joursac (Pont du Vernet)</td></tr><tr><td>K2523010</td><td>-0.06</td><td>0.93</td><td>710</td><td>322</td><td>3.0271</td><td>45.1591</td><td>1191</td><td>560</td><td>601</td><td>L'Alagnon à Joursac (Le Vialard)</td></tr><tr><td>K2834010</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.83</td><td>836</td><td>71</td><td>3.6289</td><td>45.4470</td><td>1091</td><td>579</td><td>475</td><td>La Dolore à Saint-Bonnet-le-Chastel (Moulin Neuf)</td></tr><tr><td>K2871910</td><td>-1.12</td><td>0.56</td><td>412</td><td>795</td><td>3.6102</td><td>45.6893</td><td>1059</td><td>607</td><td>389</td><td>La Dore à Saint-Gervais-sous-Meymont (Maison du Parc/Giroux-Dore)</td></tr><tr><td>K2884010</td><td>-2.87</td><td>0.74</td><td>403</td><td>73</td><td>3.5938</td><td>45.7020</td><td>1103</td><td>611</td><td>641</td><td>La Faye à Olliergues (Giroux-Faye)</td></tr><tr><td>K2944010</td><td>-1.66</td><td>0.65</td><td>335</td><td>72</td><td>3.5665</td><td>45.7455</td><td>1043</td><td>633</td><td>526</td><td>Le Couzon à Courpière (Le Salet)</td></tr><tr><td>K3206010</td><td>-3.04</td><td>-0.31</td><td>784</td><td>8</td><td>2.8933</td><td>45.7608</td><td>1145</td><td>609</td><td>957</td><td>La source-de-chez-Pierre à Ceyssat</td></tr><tr><td>K3222010</td><td>-0.70</td><td>0.68</td><td>666</td><td>360</td><td>2.8490</td><td>45.8330</td><td>1128</td><td>609</td><td>513</td><td>La Sioule à Pontgibaud</td></tr><tr><td>K3264010</td><td>-0.57</td><td>0.70</td><td>538</td><td>111</td><td>2.6741</td><td>45.8705</td><td>936</td><td>650</td><td>259</td><td>La Saunade à Pontaumur</td></tr><tr><td>K3292020</td><td>-0.74</td><td>0.65</td><td>502</td><td>1300</td><td>2.7961</td><td>45.9735</td><td>1001</td><td>634</td><td>389</td><td>La Sioule à Saint-Priest-des-Champs (Fades-Besserve)</td></tr><tr><td>K4094010</td><td>-0.50</td><td>0.41</td><td>153</td><td>478</td><td>2.9986</td><td>47.3553</td><td>846</td><td>697</td><td>207</td><td>Le Nohain à Saint-Martin-sur-Nohain (Villiers)</td></tr><tr><td>K4443010</td><td>-0.30</td><td>0.59</td><td>79</td><td>165</td><td>1.6631</td><td>47.7609</td><td>738</td><td>718</td><td>94</td><td>L'Ardoux à Lailly-en-Val</td></tr><tr><td>K4873110</td><td>-0.01</td><td>0.56</td><td>82</td><td>263</td><td>0.8973</td><td>47.5669</td><td>674</td><td>709</td><td>156</td><td>La Brenne à Villedômer (Bas-Villaumay)</td></tr><tr><td>K5090910</td><td>-0.21</td><td>0.69</td><td>321</td><td>526</td><td>2.5491</td><td>46.1767</td><td>901</td><td>673</td><td>350</td><td>Le Cher à Chambonchard</td></tr><tr><td>K5183010</td><td>-0.41</td><td>0.54</td><td>329</td><td>861</td><td>2.4455</td><td>46.1841</td><td>959</td><td>680</td><td>306</td><td>La Tardes à Évaux-les-Bains</td></tr><tr><td>K6334010</td><td>-0.54</td><td>0.01</td><td>180</td><td>79</td><td>2.4362</td><td>47.4912</td><td>866</td><td>699</td><td>215</td><td>La Nère à Aubigny-sur-Nère</td></tr><tr><td>K6402510</td><td>-0.80</td><td>0.06</td><td>102</td><td>1240</td><td>2.0332</td><td>47.4234</td><td>829</td><td>702</td><td>229</td><td>La Sauldre à Salbris</td></tr><tr><td>K6492510</td><td>-0.85</td><td>0.30</td><td>73</td><td>2297</td><td>1.5355</td><td>47.2870</td><td>780</td><td>710</td><td>187</td><td>La Sauldre à Selles-sur-Cher</td></tr><tr><td>K7312610</td><td>-0.90</td><td>0.65</td><td>82</td><td>1707</td><td>1.1265</td><td>47.0171</td><td>796</td><td>726</td><td>227</td><td>L'Indre à Saint-Cyran-du-Jambot</td></tr><tr><td>K7414010</td><td>-0.47</td><td>0.60</td><td>99</td><td>109</td><td>1.2412</td><td>47.1361</td><td>729</td><td>724</td><td>177</td><td>La Tourmente à Villeloin-Coulangé (Coulangé)</td></tr><tr><td>K7424010</td><td>-0.30</td><td>0.51</td><td>97</td><td>78</td><td>1.2112</td><td>47.1826</td><td>725</td><td>722</td><td>151</td><td>L'Olivet à Beaumont-Village (1)</td></tr><tr><td>K7514010</td><td>-0.20</td><td>0.69</td><td>66</td><td>128</td><td>0.8187</td><td>47.2474</td><td>670</td><td>732</td><td>138</td><td>L'Échandon à Saint-Branchs</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C5. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mmyr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mmyr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mmyr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>L0010610</td><td>-1.15</td><td>0.68</td><td>749</td><td>64</td><td>2.0067</td><td>45.7014</td><td>1397</td><td>611</td><td>845</td><td>La Vienne à Peyrelevade (Servières)</td></tr><tr><td>L0010620</td><td>-1.43</td><td>0.68</td><td>740</td><td>77</td><td>1.9952</td><td>45.6996</td><td>1391</td><td>611</td><td>771</td><td>La Vienne à Peyrelevade (La Rigole du Diable)</td></tr><tr><td>L0093010</td><td>-0.27</td><td>0.96</td><td>301</td><td>188</td><td>1.5538</td><td>45.7666</td><td>1200</td><td>702</td><td>624</td><td>La Combade à Masléon</td></tr><tr><td>L0314010</td><td>-0.95</td><td>0.71</td><td>313</td><td>131</td><td>1.5782</td><td>45.9557</td><td>1145</td><td>703</td><td>603</td><td>La Vige à Saint-Martin-Sainte-Catherine</td></tr><tr><td>L0563010</td><td>-0.77</td><td>0.72</td><td>218</td><td>605</td><td>1.2404</td><td>45.7568</td><td>1113</td><td>723</td><td>398</td><td>La Briance à Condat-sur-Vienne (Chambon Veyrinas)</td></tr><tr><td>L0624010</td><td>-0.45</td><td>0.76</td><td>230</td><td>153</td><td>1.1308</td><td>45.7719</td><td>1075</td><td>729</td><td>345</td><td>L'Aixette à Aixe-sur-Vienne</td></tr><tr><td>L0813010</td><td>-0.59</td><td>0.76</td><td>214</td><td>298</td><td>0.9150</td><td>45.9133</td><td>1051</td><td>730</td><td>404</td><td>La Glane à Saint-Junien (Le Dérot)</td></tr><tr><td>L4033010</td><td>-0.53</td><td>0.84</td><td>448</td><td>190</td><td>2.1768</td><td>45.9321</td><td>1121</td><td>651</td><td>414</td><td>La Rozeille à Moutier-Rozeille (Aubusson)</td></tr><tr><td>L4220710</td><td>-0.67</td><td>0.60</td><td>215</td><td>1235</td><td>1.6789</td><td>46.3783</td><td>1062</td><td>679</td><td>381</td><td>La Creuse à Fresselines</td></tr><tr><td>L4321710</td><td>-0.62</td><td>0.49</td><td>272</td><td>561</td><td>1.9950</td><td>46.3572</td><td>916</td><td>695</td><td>282</td><td>La Petite Creuse à Genouillac</td></tr><tr><td>L4411710</td><td>-0.59</td><td>0.57</td><td>218</td><td>853</td><td>1.6892</td><td>46.3856</td><td>917</td><td>701</td><td>296</td><td>La Petite Creuse à Fresselines (Puy Rageaud)</td></tr><tr><td>L4530710</td><td>-0.73</td><td>0.54</td><td>187</td><td>2427</td><td>1.6129</td><td>46.4544</td><td>993</td><td>692</td><td>335</td><td>La Creuse à Éguzon-Chantôme</td></tr><tr><td>L4653010</td><td>-0.63</td><td>0.60</td><td>124</td><td>438</td><td>1.6271</td><td>46.6659</td><td>834</td><td>727</td><td>212</td><td>La Bouzanne à Velles (Forges)</td></tr><tr><td>L5034010</td><td>-1.37</td><td>0.52</td><td>324</td><td>129</td><td>1.4948</td><td>46.0964</td><td>1100</td><td>710</td><td>413</td><td>L'Ardour à Folles (Forgefer)</td></tr><tr><td>L5101810</td><td>-0.64</td><td>0.59</td><td>297</td><td>568</td><td>1.4337</td><td>46.1139</td><td>1034</td><td>705</td><td>432</td><td>La Gartempe à Folles (Bessines)</td></tr><tr><td>L5134010</td><td>-0.57</td><td>1.00</td><td>200</td><td>175</td><td>1.1418</td><td>46.1508</td><td>970</td><td>719</td><td>348</td><td>La Semme à Droux</td></tr><tr><td>L5223020</td><td>-0.44</td><td>0.75</td><td>178</td><td>286</td><td>1.0205</td><td>46.1342</td><td>1058</td><td>726</td><td>387</td><td>Le Vincou à Bellac (2)</td></tr><tr><td>L5323010</td><td>-0.39</td><td>0.65</td><td>171</td><td>232</td><td>0.9982</td><td>46.2518</td><td>951</td><td>737</td><td>292</td><td>La Brame à Oradour-Saint-Genest</td></tr><tr><td>L5623010</td><td>-0.72</td><td>1.01</td><td>183</td><td>188</td><td>1.2582</td><td>46.3553</td><td>956</td><td>723</td><td>305</td><td>La Benaize à Jouac</td></tr><tr><td>L6202030</td><td>-0.56</td><td>0.48</td><td>58</td><td>886</td><td>0.8178</td><td>46.9073</td><td>766</td><td>742</td><td>142</td><td>La Claise au Grand-Pressigny (Étableau 2)</td></tr><tr><td>M0050620</td><td>-0.08</td><td>0.71</td><td>124</td><td>909</td><td>-0.0231</td><td>48.3867</td><td>798</td><td>677</td><td>232</td><td>La Sarthe à Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei (Moulin du Désert)</td></tr><tr><td>M0250610</td><td>-0.13</td><td>0.73</td><td>48</td><td>2713</td><td>0.2064</td><td>48.0898</td><td>791</td><td>690</td><td>238</td><td>La Sarthe à Neuville-sur-Sarthe (Montreuil)</td></tr><tr><td>M0361510</td><td>-0.15</td><td>0.43</td><td>102</td><td>833</td><td>0.8133</td><td>48.3187</td><td>775</td><td>674</td><td>236</td><td>L'Huisne à Nogent-le-Rotrou (Pont de bois)</td></tr><tr><td>M0500610</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.55</td><td>38</td><td>5452</td><td>0.1439</td><td>47.9132</td><td>769</td><td>694</td><td>210</td><td>La Sarthe à Spay (amont)</td></tr><tr><td>M0680610</td><td>-0.16</td><td>0.64</td><td>21</td><td>7523</td><td>-0.3842</td><td>47.7986</td><td>761</td><td>702</td><td>204</td><td>La Sarthe à Saint-Denis-d'Anjou (Beffes)</td></tr><tr><td>M1034020</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.71</td><td>126</td><td>267</td><td>1.3479</td><td>48.2084</td><td>703</td><td>680</td><td>166</td><td>L'Ozanne à Trizay-lès-Bonneval (Prémoteux)</td></tr><tr><td>M1041610</td><td>-0.11</td><td>0.89</td><td>118</td><td>1080</td><td>1.4175</td><td>48.1514</td><td>665</td><td>683</td><td>101</td><td>Le Loir à Saint-Maur-sur-le-Loir</td></tr><tr><td>M1214010</td><td>-0.13</td><td>0.33</td><td>121</td><td>87</td><td>0.8492</td><td>48.0538</td><td>718</td><td>695</td><td>182</td><td>Le Couëtron à Souday (Glatigny)</td></tr><tr><td>M3253110</td><td>-0.79</td><td>0.97</td><td>94</td><td>185</td><td>-0.6269</td><td>48.2696</td><td>851</td><td>681</td><td>318</td><td>L'Aron à Moulay</td></tr><tr><td>M3313010</td><td>-1.12</td><td>0.69</td><td>115</td><td>121</td><td>-0.9454</td><td>48.2972</td><td>892</td><td>672</td><td>322</td><td>L'Ernée à Ernée</td></tr><tr><td>M3323010</td><td>-0.66</td><td>0.76</td><td>67</td><td>376</td><td>-0.7785</td><td>48.1676</td><td>880</td><td>680</td><td>327</td><td>L'Ernée à Andouillé (Les Vaugeois)</td></tr><tr><td>M3340910</td><td>-0.25</td><td>0.88</td><td>45</td><td>2908</td><td>-0.7399</td><td>48.0130</td><td>884</td><td>671</td><td>324</td><td>La Mayenne à l' Huisserie (Bonne)</td></tr><tr><td>M3423010</td><td>-0.24</td><td>0.78</td><td>50</td><td>404</td><td>-0.7062</td><td>48.0336</td><td>803</td><td>703</td><td>246</td><td>La Jouanne à Forcé</td></tr><tr><td>M3504010</td><td>-0.55</td><td>0.83</td><td>51</td><td>234</td><td>-0.7826</td><td>47.9875</td><td>827</td><td>695</td><td>247</td><td>Le Vicoin à Nuillé-sur-Vicoin</td></tr><tr><td>M3600910</td><td>-0.26</td><td>0.96</td><td>27</td><td>3935</td><td>-0.6992</td><td>47.8187</td><td>859</td><td>680</td><td>296</td><td>La Mayenne à Château-Gontier</td></tr><tr><td>M3630910</td><td>-0.08</td><td>0.87</td><td>20</td><td>4166</td><td>-0.6858</td><td>47.6787</td><td>852</td><td>682</td><td>306</td><td>La Mayenne à Chambellay</td></tr><tr><td>M3774010</td><td>-0.60</td><td>0.76</td><td>43</td><td>77</td><td>-0.9857</td><td>47.7839</td><td>751</td><td>709</td><td>212</td><td>Le Chéran à la Boissière</td></tr><tr><td>M5102010</td><td>-0.23</td><td>0.87</td><td>46</td><td>259</td><td>-0.3745</td><td>47.1931</td><td>694</td><td>740</td><td>129</td><td>Le Layon à Saint-Georges-sur-Layon</td></tr><tr><td>M5222010</td><td>-0.26</td><td>0.79</td><td>20</td><td>927</td><td>-0.6323</td><td>47.3164</td><td>680</td><td>741</td><td>136</td><td>Le Layon à Saint-Lambert-du-Lattay (Pont de Bézigon)</td></tr><tr><td>M6014010</td><td>-0.14</td><td>0.78</td><td>70</td><td>38</td><td>-0.9626</td><td>47.1778</td><td>750</td><td>734</td><td>241</td><td>Le Beuvron à Andrezé (Tuvache)</td></tr><tr><td>M6333020</td><td>-0.32</td><td>0.67</td><td>6</td><td>463</td><td>-1.4809</td><td>47.4635</td><td>768</td><td>725</td><td>190</td><td>L'Erdre à Nort-sur-Erdre (Moulin de Vault)</td></tr><tr><td>M7112410</td><td>-0.54</td><td>0.63</td><td>50</td><td>872</td><td>-1.1147</td><td>47.0184</td><td>916</td><td>725</td><td>327</td><td>La Sèvre Nantaise à Tiffauges (La Moulinette)</td></tr><tr><td>M7453010</td><td>-0.67</td><td>0.60</td><td>19</td><td>595</td><td>-1.3701</td><td>47.0555</td><td>877</td><td>737</td><td>273</td><td>La Maine à Remouillé</td></tr><tr><td>M8205020</td><td>-0.02</td><td>1.11</td><td>6</td><td>139</td><td>-1.5331</td><td>47.1222</td><td>820</td><td>745</td><td>290</td><td>L'Ognon aux Sorinières (Villeneuve)</td></tr><tr><td>N3001610</td><td>-0.30</td><td>0.69</td><td>65</td><td>131</td><td>-0.9509</td><td>46.7504</td><td>943</td><td>732</td><td>353</td><td>Le Grand Lay à Saint-Prouant (Monsireigne)</td></tr><tr><td>N3024010</td><td>-0.52</td><td>0.52</td><td>42</td><td>121</td><td>-0.9708</td><td>46.6697</td><td>911</td><td>739</td><td>302</td><td>Le Louing à Chantonnay (St-Philbert du Pont Charrault)</td></tr><tr><td>O0015310</td><td>1.36</td><td>1.32</td><td>558</td><td>36</td><td>0.7480</td><td>42.8668</td><td>1359</td><td>568</td><td>1154</td><td>Le Maudan à Fos</td></tr><tr><td>O0105110</td><td>-2.23</td><td>-0.18</td><td>2154</td><td>5</td><td>0.1183</td><td>42.8197</td><td>1641</td><td>387</td><td>1339</td><td>La Neste de Cap de Long à Aragnouet (Les Edelweiss)</td></tr><tr><td>O0126210</td><td>-1.31</td><td>0.90</td><td>1070</td><td>67</td><td>0.3000</td><td>42.7918</td><td>1585</td><td>461</td><td>952</td><td>La Neste de Rioumajou à Tramezaigues (Maison Blanche)</td></tr><tr><td>O0362510</td><td>-0.82</td><td>0.62</td><td>472</td><td>385</td><td>1.2137</td><td>42.9087</td><td>1530</td><td>614</td><td>1263</td><td>Le Salat à Soueix-Rogalle (Kercabanac)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C6. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>O0384010</td><td>-1.10</td><td>0.52</td><td>501</td><td>170</td><td>1.2322</td><td>42.8990</td><td>1448</td><td>656</td><td>1067</td><td>L'Arac à Soulan (Freychet)</td></tr><tr><td>O0502520</td><td>-1.18</td><td>0.61</td><td>386</td><td>1159</td><td>1.1411</td><td>42.9914</td><td>1411</td><td>655</td><td>903</td><td>Le Salat à Saint-Lizier (Saint Girons)</td></tr><tr><td>O0525010</td><td>0.02</td><td>1.16</td><td>441</td><td>14</td><td>1.0504</td><td>43.0003</td><td>1054</td><td>742</td><td>958</td><td>La Gouarège à Cazavet (Aliou)</td></tr><tr><td>O0592510</td><td>-0.45</td><td>0.72</td><td>270</td><td>1579</td><td>0.9745</td><td>43.1548</td><td>1287</td><td>684</td><td>784</td><td>Le Salat à Roquefort-sur-Garonne</td></tr><tr><td>O0744030</td><td>-0.84</td><td>0.86</td><td>290</td><td>220</td><td>1.3599</td><td>43.0826</td><td>1070</td><td>754</td><td>531</td><td>L'Arize au Mas-d'Azil</td></tr><tr><td>O1115010</td><td>-0.79</td><td>0.93</td><td>1239</td><td>24</td><td>1.4161</td><td>42.7094</td><td>1530</td><td>496</td><td>1653</td><td>L'Artigue à Auzat (Cibelle)</td></tr><tr><td>O1432930</td><td>-0.71</td><td>0.39</td><td>521</td><td>134</td><td>1.9263</td><td>42.8931</td><td>1222</td><td>657</td><td>444</td><td>L'Hers à Bélesta (source de Fontestorbes)</td></tr><tr><td>O1442910</td><td>-0.81</td><td>0.73</td><td>417</td><td>191</td><td>1.9356</td><td>42.9543</td><td>1147</td><td>687</td><td>615</td><td>L'Hers Vif au Peyrat</td></tr><tr><td>O1484310</td><td>-1.10</td><td>1.01</td><td>507</td><td>68</td><td>1.8514</td><td>42.9404</td><td>1145</td><td>684</td><td>795</td><td>La Touyre à Lavelanet (2)</td></tr><tr><td>O1494330</td><td>-1.03</td><td>0.96</td><td>387</td><td>95</td><td>1.9121</td><td>42.9892</td><td>1086</td><td>709</td><td>638</td><td>La Touyre à Léran</td></tr><tr><td>O1584610</td><td>-0.44</td><td>0.69</td><td>306</td><td>136</td><td>1.7733</td><td>43.0434</td><td>959</td><td>775</td><td>351</td><td>Le Douctouyre à Vira (Engraviès)</td></tr><tr><td>O1634010</td><td>-0.35</td><td>0.65</td><td>239</td><td>197</td><td>1.7497</td><td>43.2014</td><td>761</td><td>816</td><td>179</td><td>La Vixiège à Belpech</td></tr><tr><td>O2344010</td><td>-0.50</td><td>0.71</td><td>122</td><td>524</td><td>1.4339</td><td>43.7528</td><td>758</td><td>822</td><td>120</td><td>Le Girou à Cépet</td></tr><tr><td>O2725010</td><td>-0.17</td><td>0.61</td><td>191</td><td>36</td><td>0.7293</td><td>43.4974</td><td>723</td><td>799</td><td>165</td><td>La Lauze à Sémézies-Cachan (Faget-Abbatial)</td></tr><tr><td>O3006710</td><td>-0.59</td><td>0.83</td><td>1026</td><td>10</td><td>3.7890</td><td>44.3403</td><td>1634</td><td>564</td><td>1457</td><td>La Goudech à Saint-Maurice-de-Ventalon (La Cépède)</td></tr><tr><td>O3011010</td><td>-0.43</td><td>0.73</td><td>927</td><td>65</td><td>3.7545</td><td>44.3615</td><td>1660</td><td>564</td><td>1552</td><td>Le Tarn au Pont-de-Montvert (Fontchalettes)</td></tr><tr><td>O3035210</td><td>1.48</td><td>0.88</td><td>611</td><td>26</td><td>3.6127</td><td>44.3560</td><td>1231</td><td>627</td><td>633</td><td>Le Briançon aux Bondons (Cocures)</td></tr><tr><td>O3064010</td><td>-0.51</td><td>1.68</td><td>554</td><td>132</td><td>3.5980</td><td>44.3148</td><td>962</td><td>641</td><td>835</td><td>Le Tarnon à Florac</td></tr><tr><td>O3084320</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.13</td><td>556</td><td>126</td><td>3.6030</td><td>44.3157</td><td>1500</td><td>651</td><td>863</td><td>La Mimente à Florac</td></tr><tr><td>O3165010</td><td>-0.59</td><td>1.64</td><td>708</td><td>34</td><td>3.4375</td><td>44.1790</td><td>1006</td><td>603</td><td>855</td><td>La Brèze à Meyrueis</td></tr><tr><td>O3194010</td><td>0.34</td><td>1.45</td><td>704</td><td>98</td><td>3.4263</td><td>44.1809</td><td>1019</td><td>608</td><td>630</td><td>La Jonte à Meyrueis (aval)</td></tr><tr><td>O3364010</td><td>-0.74</td><td>0.77</td><td>446</td><td>428</td><td>3.2895</td><td>44.0724</td><td>1208</td><td>667</td><td>505</td><td>La Dourbie à Nant (Pont de Gardies)</td></tr><tr><td>O3401010</td><td>-0.27</td><td>0.98</td><td>355</td><td>2143</td><td>3.0740</td><td>44.0921</td><td>1139</td><td>656</td><td>675</td><td>Le Tarn à Millau (2)</td></tr><tr><td>O3424010</td><td>-1.23</td><td>0.49</td><td>343</td><td>169</td><td>2.9865</td><td>44.0801</td><td>1017</td><td>728</td><td>427</td><td>Le Cernon à Saint-Georges-de-Luzençon (aval)</td></tr><tr><td>O3454310</td><td>0.02</td><td>0.45</td><td>340</td><td>112</td><td>2.9217</td><td>44.0813</td><td>977</td><td>686</td><td>398</td><td>La Muze à Montjaux (Saint-Hippolyte)</td></tr><tr><td>O4194310</td><td>-0.23</td><td>0.40</td><td>357</td><td>207</td><td>2.4172</td><td>43.6828</td><td>1174</td><td>710</td><td>645</td><td>Le Gijou à Vabre (Rocalé)</td></tr><tr><td>O4704030</td><td>-0.61</td><td>0.63</td><td>427</td><td>71</td><td>2.4410</td><td>43.8221</td><td>1160</td><td>722</td><td>569</td><td>Le Dadou à Paulinet (Saint-Jean-de-Jeanne)</td></tr><tr><td>O5042510</td><td>-0.95</td><td>0.34</td><td>578</td><td>300</td><td>2.8460</td><td>44.3991</td><td>1048</td><td>684</td><td>315</td><td>L'Aveyron à Palmas (Pont de Manson)</td></tr><tr><td>O5055010</td><td>-0.56</td><td>0.47</td><td>584</td><td>108</td><td>2.8712</td><td>44.4152</td><td>1103</td><td>696</td><td>279</td><td>Le Serre à Coussergues (Resuenhe)</td></tr><tr><td>O5092520</td><td>-1.22</td><td>0.46</td><td>533</td><td>584</td><td>2.6213</td><td>44.3622</td><td>1046</td><td>695</td><td>309</td><td>L'Aveyron à Onet-le-Château (Rodez)</td></tr><tr><td>O5192520</td><td>-0.80</td><td>0.51</td><td>276</td><td>1060</td><td>2.0548</td><td>44.3478</td><td>1019</td><td>710</td><td>344</td><td>L'Aveyron à Villefranche-de-Rouergue (Recoules)</td></tr><tr><td>O5224010</td><td>-0.29</td><td>0.74</td><td>276</td><td>208</td><td>2.0497</td><td>44.3568</td><td>958</td><td>748</td><td>357</td><td>L'Alzou à Villefranche-de-Rouergue (barrage Cabal)</td></tr><tr><td>O5284310</td><td>-0.94</td><td>0.59</td><td>317</td><td>104</td><td>2.0442</td><td>44.2093</td><td>953</td><td>744</td><td>329</td><td>La Serène à Saint-André-de-Najac (Canabral)</td></tr><tr><td>O5292510</td><td>-0.75</td><td>0.56</td><td>163</td><td>1604</td><td>1.9733</td><td>44.1515</td><td>990</td><td>726</td><td>314</td><td>L'Aveyron à Laguépie (1)</td></tr><tr><td>O5312910</td><td>-0.24</td><td>0.94</td><td>730</td><td>139</td><td>2.8013</td><td>44.3085</td><td>1009</td><td>666</td><td>522</td><td>Le Viaur à Arques</td></tr><tr><td>O5344010</td><td>-0.11</td><td>0.84</td><td>814</td><td>57</td><td>2.8130</td><td>44.2104</td><td>1019</td><td>659</td><td>534</td><td>Le Vioulou à Salles-Curan (Trébons-Bas)</td></tr><tr><td>O5424010</td><td>-1.13</td><td>0.42</td><td>352</td><td>161</td><td>2.4067</td><td>44.1431</td><td>999</td><td>708</td><td>362</td><td>Le Céor à Centrès (Estrebaldie)</td></tr><tr><td>O5464310</td><td>-1.23</td><td>0.43</td><td>363</td><td>176</td><td>2.4353</td><td>44.1080</td><td>980</td><td>723</td><td>339</td><td>Le Giffou à Saint-Just-sur-Viaur (La Fabrèguerie)</td></tr><tr><td>O5534010</td><td>-0.80</td><td>0.95</td><td>245</td><td>223</td><td>2.1981</td><td>44.1637</td><td>972</td><td>732</td><td>364</td><td>Le Lézert à Saint-Julien-du-Puy (Port de la Besse)</td></tr><tr><td>O5685010</td><td>-0.43</td><td>0.35</td><td>139</td><td>181</td><td>1.7483</td><td>44.1721</td><td>908</td><td>779</td><td>191</td><td>La Bonnette à Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val</td></tr><tr><td>O5754020</td><td>-0.53</td><td>0.60</td><td>125</td><td>310</td><td>1.6726</td><td>44.0242</td><td>827</td><td>800</td><td>189</td><td>La Vère à Bruniquel (La Gauterie)</td></tr><tr><td>O6125010</td><td>-0.08</td><td>0.90</td><td>143</td><td>62</td><td>1.1903</td><td>44.3340</td><td>825</td><td>796</td><td>264</td><td>La Petite Barguelonne à Montcuq</td></tr><tr><td>O6134010</td><td>-0.30</td><td>0.75</td><td>74</td><td>453</td><td>0.9963</td><td>44.1691</td><td>798</td><td>803</td><td>182</td><td>La Barguelonne à Valence (Fourquet)</td></tr><tr><td>O6793310</td><td>-0.16</td><td>0.58</td><td>58</td><td>834</td><td>0.2463</td><td>44.0754</td><td>816</td><td>811</td><td>160</td><td>La Gélise à Mézin (Courbian)</td></tr><tr><td>O6804630</td><td>-0.43</td><td>0.87</td><td>245</td><td>9</td><td>0.3240</td><td>43.3989</td><td>872</td><td>783</td><td>281</td><td>L'Osse à Castex (Mielan)</td></tr><tr><td>O7011510</td><td>-0.85</td><td>0.90</td><td>813</td><td>187</td><td>3.5964</td><td>44.5262</td><td>1104</td><td>564</td><td>602</td><td>Le Lot à Sainte-Hélène</td></tr><tr><td>O7015810</td><td>-0.57</td><td>-0.64</td><td>981</td><td>33</td><td>3.6181</td><td>44.5412</td><td>960</td><td>546</td><td>448</td><td>L'Esclancide à Pelouse (Les Salces)</td></tr><tr><td>O7041510</td><td>-1.22</td><td>0.71</td><td>667</td><td>468</td><td>3.4233</td><td>44.4813</td><td>1099</td><td>589</td><td>477</td><td>Le Lot à Balsièges (Bramonas)</td></tr><tr><td>O7085010</td><td>-0.56</td><td>-0.52</td><td>663</td><td>83</td><td>3.3114</td><td>44.5507</td><td>1013</td><td>607</td><td>314</td><td>Le Coulagnet à Marvejols</td></tr><tr><td>O7101510</td><td>-0.94</td><td>0.64</td><td>525</td><td>1158</td><td>3.1979</td><td>44.4428</td><td>1030</td><td>606</td><td>362</td><td>Le Lot à Banassac (La Mothe)</td></tr><tr><td>O7131510</td><td>-0.70</td><td>0.54</td><td>388</td><td>1633</td><td>2.8670</td><td>44.5033</td><td>1045</td><td>621</td><td>420</td><td>Le Lot à Lassouts (Castelnau)</td></tr><tr><td>O7145220</td><td>0.62</td><td>0.91</td><td>439</td><td>53</td><td>2.8484</td><td>44.5322</td><td>1316</td><td>607</td><td>1005</td><td>La Boralde de Saint-Chély à Castelnau-de-Mandailles</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C7. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>O7234010</td><td>-0.46</td><td>0.81</td><td>948</td><td>117</td><td>3.3215</td><td>44.7664</td><td>1044</td><td>590</td><td>450</td><td>La Rimeize à Rimeize</td></tr><tr><td>O7245010</td><td>-0.08</td><td>0.83</td><td>947</td><td>65</td><td>3.2954</td><td>44.7919</td><td>1006</td><td>599</td><td>374</td><td>Le Chapouillet à Rimeize (Chassignoles)</td></tr><tr><td>O7265010</td><td>-0.60</td><td>0.67</td><td>921</td><td>78</td><td>3.3609</td><td>44.7778</td><td>929</td><td>568</td><td>384</td><td>La Limagnole à Fontans (Saint-Alban)</td></tr><tr><td>O7444010</td><td>-0.78</td><td>1.13</td><td>924</td><td>286</td><td>3.0850</td><td>44.8268</td><td>1051</td><td>570</td><td>787</td><td>Le Bès à Saint-Juéry</td></tr><tr><td>O7502510</td><td>-0.43</td><td>0.70</td><td>704</td><td>1795</td><td>3.0736</td><td>44.9231</td><td>937</td><td>589</td><td>412</td><td>La Truère à Neuvéglise (Grandval)</td></tr><tr><td>O7635010</td><td>-1.08</td><td>0.87</td><td>645</td><td>109</td><td>2.6843</td><td>44.8270</td><td>1601</td><td>606</td><td>935</td><td>La Bromme à Brommat</td></tr><tr><td>O7874010</td><td>-1.22</td><td>0.33</td><td>236</td><td>545</td><td>2.4009</td><td>44.5873</td><td>1063</td><td>742</td><td>376</td><td>Le Dourdou à Conques</td></tr><tr><td>O8113510</td><td>-0.11</td><td>0.59</td><td>183</td><td>681</td><td>1.9843</td><td>44.5886</td><td>1200</td><td>732</td><td>567</td><td>Le Célé à Figeac (Merlançon)</td></tr><tr><td>O8133520</td><td>-0.62</td><td>1.20</td><td>142</td><td>1246</td><td>1.6793</td><td>44.5197</td><td>1107</td><td>751</td><td>446</td><td>Le Célé à Orniac (Les Amis du Célé)</td></tr><tr><td>O8255010</td><td>-0.92</td><td>0.80</td><td>103</td><td>119</td><td>1.2320</td><td>44.5108</td><td>914</td><td>779</td><td>328</td><td>Le Vert à Labastide-du-Vert (Les Campagnes)</td></tr><tr><td>O8394310</td><td>-0.64</td><td>0.45</td><td>87</td><td>220</td><td>0.9460</td><td>44.5363</td><td>892</td><td>781</td><td>159</td><td>La Lémance à Cuzorn</td></tr><tr><td>O9196210</td><td>-0.07</td><td>0.42</td><td>53</td><td>10</td><td>-0.0747</td><td>44.5240</td><td>804</td><td>805</td><td>114</td><td>La Cadanne à Pondaurat</td></tr><tr><td>P0010010</td><td>-2.40</td><td>0.65</td><td>786</td><td>89</td><td>2.6892</td><td>45.6042</td><td>1313</td><td>551</td><td>1253</td><td>La Dordogne à Saint-Sauves-d'Auvergne</td></tr><tr><td>P0115010</td><td>-0.30</td><td>0.89</td><td>905</td><td>21</td><td>2.6964</td><td>45.5286</td><td>1451</td><td>537</td><td>1501</td><td>La Burande à la Tour-d'Auvergne</td></tr><tr><td>P0115020</td><td>-0.50</td><td>0.94</td><td>569</td><td>85</td><td>2.5416</td><td>45.5425</td><td>1382</td><td>583</td><td>1038</td><td>La Burande (ou ru de Burons) à Singles</td></tr><tr><td>P0212510</td><td>-0.84</td><td>0.68</td><td>954</td><td>40</td><td>2.8297</td><td>45.4084</td><td>1602</td><td>552</td><td>1317</td><td>La Rhue à Égliseuve-d'Entraigues</td></tr><tr><td>P0364010</td><td>-0.63</td><td>0.95</td><td>709</td><td>169</td><td>2.7512</td><td>45.3341</td><td>1302</td><td>559</td><td>765</td><td>La Santoire à Condat (Roche-Pointue)</td></tr><tr><td>P0885010</td><td>-1.74</td><td>0.61</td><td>377</td><td>117</td><td>2.3877</td><td>45.2970</td><td>1385</td><td>610</td><td>910</td><td>Le Mars à Bassignac (Vendes)</td></tr><tr><td>P0924010</td><td>-0.96</td><td>0.64</td><td>631</td><td>79</td><td>2.2395</td><td>45.4913</td><td>1286</td><td>639</td><td>708</td><td>La Triouzoune à Saint-Angel</td></tr><tr><td>P1114010</td><td>-0.48</td><td>0.61</td><td>566</td><td>81</td><td>2.1513</td><td>45.4687</td><td>1312</td><td>634</td><td>785</td><td>La Luzège à Maussac (Pont de Maussac)</td></tr><tr><td>P1154010</td><td>-1.11</td><td>0.83</td><td>452</td><td>250</td><td>2.1286</td><td>45.3823</td><td>1351</td><td>649</td><td>765</td><td>La Luzège à Lamazière-Basse (Pont de Bouyges)</td></tr><tr><td>P1502510</td><td>-0.52</td><td>1.02</td><td>419</td><td>455</td><td>2.1932</td><td>45.0820</td><td>1409</td><td>644</td><td>942</td><td>La Maronne à Pleaux (Enchanet)</td></tr><tr><td>P1772910</td><td>-1.07</td><td>0.72</td><td>559</td><td>349</td><td>2.3506</td><td>44.8815</td><td>1622</td><td>607</td><td>976</td><td>La Cère à Sansac-de-Marmiesse</td></tr><tr><td>P2114010</td><td>-2.05</td><td>0.67</td><td>131</td><td>63</td><td>1.7245</td><td>44.9886</td><td>1245</td><td>731</td><td>468</td><td>La Sourdoire à la Chapelle-aux-Saints</td></tr><tr><td>P2184310</td><td>-0.68</td><td>0.67</td><td>114</td><td>191</td><td>1.6679</td><td>44.9469</td><td>1069</td><td>768</td><td>340</td><td>La Tourmenté à Saint-Denis-lès-Martel</td></tr><tr><td>P2484010</td><td>-0.48</td><td>0.41</td><td>77</td><td>573</td><td>1.1709</td><td>44.7899</td><td>916</td><td>780</td><td>166</td><td>Le Céou à Saint-Cybranet</td></tr><tr><td>P3001010</td><td>-1.48</td><td>0.74</td><td>773</td><td>42</td><td>2.0072</td><td>45.6285</td><td>1403</td><td>611</td><td>1041</td><td>La Vézère à Saint-Merd-les-Oussines (Maisonnial)</td></tr><tr><td>P3021010</td><td>-0.99</td><td>0.95</td><td>675</td><td>138</td><td>1.9227</td><td>45.6030</td><td>1389</td><td>623</td><td>929</td><td>La Vézère à Bugeat</td></tr><tr><td>P3234010</td><td>-1.57</td><td>0.56</td><td>153</td><td>104</td><td>1.4150</td><td>45.3067</td><td>1176</td><td>726</td><td>487</td><td>La Loyre à Voutezac (Pont de l'Aumonerie)</td></tr><tr><td>P3245010</td><td>-1.03</td><td>0.47</td><td>123</td><td>52</td><td>1.3965</td><td>45.2706</td><td>1086</td><td>748</td><td>396</td><td>Le Mayne à Saint-Cyr-la-Roche</td></tr><tr><td>P3352510</td><td>-0.86</td><td>0.37</td><td>478</td><td>164</td><td>1.8900</td><td>45.3771</td><td>1423</td><td>641</td><td>1047</td><td>La Corrèze à Corrèze (Pont de Neupont)</td></tr><tr><td>P3502510</td><td>-1.06</td><td>0.72</td><td>224</td><td>354</td><td>1.7799</td><td>45.2750</td><td>1379</td><td>668</td><td>887</td><td>La Corrèze à Tulle (Pont des soldats)</td></tr><tr><td>P3614010</td><td>-0.47</td><td>0.67</td><td>546</td><td>42</td><td>1.9387</td><td>45.3422</td><td>1418</td><td>670</td><td>891</td><td>La Montane à Eyrein (Pont du Geai)</td></tr><tr><td>P3922510</td><td>-0.42</td><td>0.81</td><td>103</td><td>954</td><td>1.5013</td><td>45.1626</td><td>1296</td><td>702</td><td>655</td><td>La Corrèze à Brive-la-Gaillardre (Le Prieur)</td></tr><tr><td>P4015010</td><td>-1.38</td><td>0.75</td><td>133</td><td>58</td><td>1.4680</td><td>45.0948</td><td>1076</td><td>765</td><td>461</td><td>La Couze à Chasteaux (Le Soulier)</td></tr><tr><td>P4271010</td><td>-0.56</td><td>0.66</td><td>56</td><td>3657</td><td>0.9584</td><td>44.9034</td><td>1157</td><td>729</td><td>496</td><td>La Vézère à Campagne</td></tr><tr><td>P5404010</td><td>-0.27</td><td>0.65</td><td>36</td><td>74</td><td>0.3665</td><td>44.8882</td><td>885</td><td>800</td><td>217</td><td>L'Eyraud à la Force (Bitarel)</td></tr><tr><td>P6081510</td><td>-0.85</td><td>0.75</td><td>137</td><td>448</td><td>0.9492</td><td>45.3766</td><td>1102</td><td>738</td><td>399</td><td>L'Isle à Corgnac-sur-l'Isle</td></tr><tr><td>P6134010</td><td>-0.54</td><td>0.56</td><td>154</td><td>197</td><td>1.0674</td><td>45.3438</td><td>1104</td><td>741</td><td>451</td><td>La Loue à Saint-Médard-d'Excideuil</td></tr><tr><td>P7001510</td><td>-0.80</td><td>0.78</td><td>91</td><td>1859</td><td>0.8046</td><td>45.2028</td><td>1061</td><td>749</td><td>408</td><td>L'Isle à Bassilac (Charrieras)</td></tr><tr><td>P7181510</td><td>0.26</td><td>0.49</td><td>36</td><td>3342</td><td>0.2473</td><td>45.0291</td><td>992</td><td>766</td><td>388</td><td>L'Isle à Saint-Laurent-des-Hommes (Bénévent)</td></tr><tr><td>P7261510</td><td>-0.59</td><td>0.50</td><td>7</td><td>3757</td><td>-0.1254</td><td>45.0214</td><td>974</td><td>769</td><td>297</td><td>L'Isle à Abzac</td></tr><tr><td>P8012510</td><td>-0.98</td><td>1.04</td><td>160</td><td>140</td><td>0.7524</td><td>45.5152</td><td>1100</td><td>733</td><td>478</td><td>La Dronne à Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière (Le Manet)</td></tr><tr><td>P8215010</td><td>-0.59</td><td>0.45</td><td>113</td><td>40</td><td>0.4667</td><td>45.4478</td><td>969</td><td>764</td><td>230</td><td>La Belle à Mareuil</td></tr><tr><td>P8312520</td><td>-0.66</td><td>1.12</td><td>37</td><td>1912</td><td>0.1515</td><td>45.2387</td><td>955</td><td>767</td><td>316</td><td>La Dronne à Bonnes</td></tr><tr><td>Q0115710</td><td>-1.15</td><td>1.52</td><td>505</td><td>32</td><td>0.1030</td><td>43.0898</td><td>1360</td><td>710</td><td>883</td><td>L'Oussouet à Trébons</td></tr><tr><td>Q0214010</td><td>-1.81</td><td>0.91</td><td>337</td><td>78</td><td>0.0223</td><td>43.1753</td><td>1247</td><td>765</td><td>486</td><td>L'Échez à Louey</td></tr><tr><td>Q0280030</td><td>-1.75</td><td>0.90</td><td>167</td><td>876</td><td>0.0290</td><td>43.4982</td><td>1161</td><td>713</td><td>469</td><td>L'Adour à Estirac</td></tr><tr><td>Q0664010</td><td>-0.28</td><td>0.38</td><td>141</td><td>207</td><td>0.1244</td><td>43.5550</td><td>875</td><td>797</td><td>240</td><td>Le Bouès à Juillac</td></tr><tr><td>Q1094010</td><td>-0.27</td><td>1.24</td><td>92</td><td>426</td><td>-0.2346</td><td>43.6469</td><td>1030</td><td>805</td><td>332</td><td>Le Larcis à Lannux</td></tr><tr><td>Q1100010</td><td>-0.35</td><td>0.91</td><td>80</td><td>2921</td><td>-0.2619</td><td>43.7038</td><td>1038</td><td>772</td><td>373</td><td>L'Adour à Aire-sur-l'Adour (2)</td></tr><tr><td>Q2593310</td><td>-0.64</td><td>1.07</td><td>26</td><td>2478</td><td>-0.6595</td><td>43.9076</td><td>909</td><td>813</td><td>231</td><td>La Midouze à Campagne</td></tr><tr><td>Q3120010</td><td>-0.33</td><td>0.83</td><td>6</td><td>7707</td><td>-1.0001</td><td>43.7331</td><td>1000</td><td>799</td><td>339</td><td>L'Adour à Saint-Vincent-de-Paul</td></tr><tr><td>Q3464010</td><td>-0.90</td><td>0.96</td><td>6</td><td>1144</td><td>-1.0427</td><td>43.6769</td><td>1110</td><td>823</td><td>424</td><td>Le Luy à Saint-Pandelon</td></tr><tr><td>Q7322510</td><td>-3.30</td><td>0.85</td><td>123</td><td>498</td><td>-0.8747</td><td>43.2466</td><td>1766</td><td>717</td><td>1383</td><td>Le Saison à Mauléon-Licharre</td></tr><tr><td>Q8032510</td><td>-0.75</td><td>0.77</td><td>43</td><td>246</td><td>-1.0286</td><td>43.3337</td><td>1521</td><td>791</td><td>602</td><td>La Bidouze à Aircirits-Camou-Suhast (Saint-Palais)</td></tr><tr><td>Q8345910</td><td>-0.33</td><td>0.75</td><td>37</td><td>17</td><td>-1.3096</td><td>43.4109</td><td>1380</td><td>825</td><td>863</td><td>Le Mendialçu à Hasparren</td></tr><tr><td>Q9164610</td><td>-1.89</td><td>1.09</td><td>149</td><td>157</td><td>-1.3370</td><td>43.1842</td><td>1742</td><td>731</td><td>1228</td><td>La Nive des Aldudes à Saint-Étienne-de-Baigorry</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C8. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>R1132510</td><td>-1.23</td><td>1.34</td><td>217</td><td>139</td><td>0.6898</td><td>45.7267</td><td>1059</td><td>730</td><td>448</td><td>La Tardoire à Maisonnais-sur-Tardoire</td></tr><tr><td>R1264001</td><td>-0.25</td><td>0.42</td><td>106</td><td>293</td><td>0.4729</td><td>45.6072</td><td>1049</td><td>754</td><td>406</td><td>Le Bandiat à Feuillade</td></tr><tr><td>S2224610</td><td>-0.42</td><td>0.59</td><td>41</td><td>113</td><td>-0.7528</td><td>44.4107</td><td>1023</td><td>796</td><td>260</td><td>Le Grand Arriou à Moustey (Biganon)</td></tr><tr><td>S2235610</td><td>-0.29</td><td>0.40</td><td>35</td><td>42</td><td>-0.7734</td><td>44.4650</td><td>927</td><td>797</td><td>183</td><td>Le Bouron à Belin-Béliet (Saint-Palais) (Moulin du Moine)</td></tr><tr><td>S2242510</td><td>-0.52</td><td>0.70</td><td>14</td><td>1678</td><td>-0.8711</td><td>44.5477</td><td>1017</td><td>796</td><td>292</td><td>L'Eyre à Salles</td></tr><tr><td>S4214010</td><td>-1.13</td><td>0.34</td><td>21</td><td>77</td><td>-1.2240</td><td>43.7808</td><td>1177</td><td>809</td><td>407</td><td>Le Magescq à Magescq</td></tr><tr><td>S5144010</td><td>-1.90</td><td>1.37</td><td>31</td><td>142</td><td>-1.5491</td><td>43.3215</td><td>1467</td><td>801</td><td>968</td><td>La Nivelle à Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle</td></tr><tr><td>U0104010</td><td>-0.92</td><td>0.86</td><td>306</td><td>64</td><td>6.3025</td><td>48.0817</td><td>1185</td><td>646</td><td>619</td><td>Le Coney à Xertigny</td></tr><tr><td>U0444310</td><td>-0.72</td><td>1.41</td><td>243</td><td>225</td><td>6.2717</td><td>47.8855</td><td>1316</td><td>643</td><td>796</td><td>La Semouse à Saint-Loup-sur-Semouse</td></tr><tr><td>U0474010</td><td>-0.57</td><td>0.79</td><td>209</td><td>1028</td><td>6.0760</td><td>47.7488</td><td>1337</td><td>659</td><td>668</td><td>La Lanterne à Fleurey-lès-Faverney</td></tr><tr><td>U0610010</td><td>-0.48</td><td>0.96</td><td>195</td><td>3761</td><td>5.8257</td><td>47.5765</td><td>1105</td><td>667</td><td>492</td><td>La Saône à Ray-sur-Saône</td></tr><tr><td>U0635010</td><td>-0.18</td><td>0.64</td><td>200</td><td>146</td><td>5.7957</td><td>47.6062</td><td>981</td><td>674</td><td>365</td><td>La Gourgeonne à Tincey-et-Pontrebeau</td></tr><tr><td>U0724010</td><td>-0.92</td><td>0.93</td><td>200</td><td>385</td><td>5.6470</td><td>47.5700</td><td>968</td><td>675</td><td>373</td><td>Le Salon à Denèvre</td></tr><tr><td>U0924010</td><td>-0.48</td><td>0.89</td><td>232</td><td>397</td><td>5.4068</td><td>47.5784</td><td>965</td><td>666</td><td>325</td><td>La Vingeanne à Saint-Maurice-sur-Vingeanne</td></tr><tr><td>U0924020</td><td>-0.55</td><td>0.89</td><td>198</td><td>609</td><td>5.3672</td><td>47.4219</td><td>935</td><td>678</td><td>314</td><td>La Vingeanne à Oisilly</td></tr><tr><td>U1004010</td><td>-1.64</td><td>0.42</td><td>388</td><td>71</td><td>6.6680</td><td>47.8030</td><td>1894</td><td>610</td><td>1348</td><td>L'Ognon à Servance (Fourguenons)</td></tr><tr><td>U1025010</td><td>-0.89</td><td>0.43</td><td>445</td><td>32</td><td>6.7302</td><td>47.7314</td><td>2078</td><td>602</td><td>1640</td><td>Le Rahin à Plancher-Bas</td></tr><tr><td>U1054010</td><td>-0.38</td><td>0.60</td><td>229</td><td>1259</td><td>6.1813</td><td>47.4158</td><td>1299</td><td>672</td><td>583</td><td>L'Ognon à Beaumotte-Aubertans</td></tr><tr><td>U1074010</td><td>-0.64</td><td>0.64</td><td>200</td><td>1755</td><td>5.8260</td><td>47.2974</td><td>1247</td><td>682</td><td>489</td><td>L'Ognon à Chevigney-sur-l'Ognon</td></tr><tr><td>U1084010</td><td>-0.34</td><td>0.68</td><td>186</td><td>2071</td><td>5.5452</td><td>47.2929</td><td>1222</td><td>687</td><td>518</td><td>L'Ognon à Pesmes</td></tr><tr><td>U1109010</td><td>-0.52</td><td>0.91</td><td>291</td><td>56</td><td>5.1902</td><td>47.5840</td><td>958</td><td>665</td><td>344</td><td>La Venelle à Selongey</td></tr><tr><td>U1204010</td><td>-0.60</td><td>0.87</td><td>273</td><td>230</td><td>5.1248</td><td>47.5540</td><td>958</td><td>666</td><td>379</td><td>La Tille à Crécey-sur-Tille</td></tr><tr><td>U1224010</td><td>-0.28</td><td>0.66</td><td>223</td><td>845</td><td>5.1896</td><td>47.3734</td><td>936</td><td>672</td><td>272</td><td>La Tille à Arceau (Arcelot)</td></tr><tr><td>U1224020</td><td>-0.44</td><td>0.50</td><td>202</td><td>882</td><td>5.2177</td><td>47.2808</td><td>931</td><td>674</td><td>241</td><td>La Tille à Cessay-sur-Tille</td></tr><tr><td>U1235020</td><td>-0.66</td><td>0.94</td><td>194</td><td>271</td><td>5.2207</td><td>47.2385</td><td>829</td><td>703</td><td>305</td><td>La Norges à Genlis</td></tr><tr><td>U1420010</td><td>-0.39</td><td>0.79</td><td>173</td><td>11693</td><td>5.1509</td><td>47.0674</td><td>1031</td><td>683</td><td>420</td><td>La Saône à Pagny-la-Ville (Lechatelet)</td></tr><tr><td>U2002010</td><td>-0.46</td><td>0.70</td><td>938</td><td>33</td><td>6.1907</td><td>46.7012</td><td>1749</td><td>537</td><td>1662</td><td>Le Doubs à Mouthe</td></tr><tr><td>U2012010</td><td>-0.24</td><td>0.50</td><td>855</td><td>170</td><td>6.2798</td><td>46.7730</td><td>1722</td><td>539</td><td>822</td><td>Le Doubs à Labergement-Sainte-Marie</td></tr><tr><td>U2022010</td><td>-0.27</td><td>0.45</td><td>824</td><td>382</td><td>6.3566</td><td>46.9063</td><td>1701</td><td>546</td><td>639</td><td>Le Doubs à la Cluse-et-Mijoux (Pontarlier amont)</td></tr><tr><td>U2122010</td><td>-0.51</td><td>0.68</td><td>506</td><td>1159</td><td>6.9505</td><td>47.2714</td><td>1648</td><td>554</td><td>789</td><td>Le Doubs à Goumois</td></tr><tr><td>U2142010</td><td>-0.44</td><td>0.67</td><td>414</td><td>1306</td><td>7.0258</td><td>47.3441</td><td>1619</td><td>560</td><td>817</td><td>Le Doubs à Glère (Courclavon)</td></tr><tr><td>U2215020</td><td>-0.62</td><td>0.77</td><td>394</td><td>590</td><td>6.7945</td><td>47.3055</td><td>1512</td><td>598</td><td>737</td><td>Le Dessoubre à Saint-Hippolyte</td></tr><tr><td>U2222010</td><td>0.02</td><td>0.84</td><td>334</td><td>2236</td><td>6.7859</td><td>47.4401</td><td>1550</td><td>580</td><td>740</td><td>Le Doubs à Mathay</td></tr><tr><td>U2305210</td><td>-1.28</td><td>1.10</td><td>474</td><td>9</td><td>6.9498</td><td>47.7382</td><td>1297</td><td>660</td><td>1035</td><td>Le Saint-Nicolas à Rougemont-le-Château</td></tr><tr><td>U2345020</td><td>-1.07</td><td>0.20</td><td>468</td><td>30</td><td>6.8285</td><td>47.7411</td><td>2155</td><td>606</td><td>1554</td><td>La Savoureuse à Giromagny</td></tr><tr><td>U2345030</td><td>-0.87</td><td>0.49</td><td>358</td><td>144</td><td>6.8587</td><td>47.6408</td><td>1850</td><td>642</td><td>930</td><td>La Savoureuse à Belfort</td></tr><tr><td>U2356610</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.21</td><td>323</td><td>43</td><td>6.7524</td><td>47.5008</td><td>1138</td><td>678</td><td>430</td><td>Le Rupt à Dung</td></tr><tr><td>U2425260</td><td>-0.20</td><td>0.16</td><td>275</td><td>541</td><td>6.3732</td><td>47.3381</td><td>1360</td><td>659</td><td>425</td><td>Le Cusancin à Baume-les-Dames</td></tr><tr><td>U2512010</td><td>-0.13</td><td>0.87</td><td>241</td><td>4658</td><td>6.0312</td><td>47.2397</td><td>1394</td><td>625</td><td>703</td><td>Le Doubs à Besançon</td></tr><tr><td>U2542010</td><td>-0.49</td><td>0.78</td><td>201</td><td>5169</td><td>5.5627</td><td>47.1223</td><td>1373</td><td>633</td><td>667</td><td>Le Doubs à Rochefort-sur-Nenon</td></tr><tr><td>U2604030</td><td>-0.69</td><td>1.84</td><td>359</td><td>291</td><td>6.2268</td><td>47.0567</td><td>1560</td><td>591</td><td>2310</td><td>La Loue à Vuillafans</td></tr><tr><td>U2615820</td><td>-0.28</td><td>0.53</td><td>437</td><td>210</td><td>6.0123</td><td>46.9656</td><td>1574</td><td>601</td><td>776</td><td>Le Lison (source) à Nans-sous-Sainte-Anne</td></tr><tr><td>U2615830</td><td>0.08</td><td>0.50</td><td>325</td><td>284</td><td>5.9576</td><td>47.0313</td><td>1533</td><td>613</td><td>816</td><td>Le Lison à Myon</td></tr><tr><td>U2616410</td><td>-0.10</td><td>0.42</td><td>629</td><td>15</td><td>6.0213</td><td>46.9617</td><td>1541</td><td>600</td><td>1029</td><td>Le Verneau à Nans-sous-Sainte-Anne</td></tr><tr><td>U2624010</td><td>-0.28</td><td>1.10</td><td>275</td><td>1068</td><td>5.9569</td><td>47.1394</td><td>1474</td><td>629</td><td>1383</td><td>La Loue à Chenecey-Buillon</td></tr><tr><td>U2634010</td><td>-0.28</td><td>0.98</td><td>236</td><td>1264</td><td>5.8148</td><td>47.0438</td><td>1460</td><td>636</td><td>1287</td><td>La Loue à Champagne-sur-Loue</td></tr><tr><td>U2722010</td><td>-0.32</td><td>0.81</td><td>180</td><td>7346</td><td>5.3510</td><td>46.9227</td><td>1360</td><td>643</td><td>760</td><td>Le Doubs à Neublans-Abergement</td></tr><tr><td>U3205210</td><td>-1.26</td><td>0.70</td><td>368</td><td>31</td><td>4.5583</td><td>46.2757</td><td>1034</td><td>683</td><td>517</td><td>La Grosne à Trades (Les Chambosses)</td></tr><tr><td>U3214010</td><td>-1.65</td><td>0.57</td><td>243</td><td>334</td><td>4.6494</td><td>46.4044</td><td>957</td><td>693</td><td>365</td><td>La Grosne à Jalogny (Cluny)</td></tr><tr><td>U3225010</td><td>0.87</td><td>0.78</td><td>214</td><td>271</td><td>4.5647</td><td>46.5582</td><td>901</td><td>703</td><td>226</td><td>La Guye à Sigy-sur-Châtel (Corcelles)</td></tr><tr><td>U3424010</td><td>-0.26</td><td>0.36</td><td>176</td><td>938</td><td>5.2586</td><td>46.6740</td><td>1226</td><td>711</td><td>469</td><td>La Seille à Saint-Usuge</td></tr><tr><td>U4014010</td><td>-0.10</td><td>0.49</td><td>240</td><td>84</td><td>5.2900</td><td>46.1717</td><td>1023</td><td>729</td><td>199</td><td>La Reyssouze à Montagnat</td></tr><tr><td>U4204010</td><td>-0.53</td><td>0.65</td><td>255</td><td>41</td><td>5.1978</td><td>46.1173</td><td>1010</td><td>733</td><td>281</td><td>La Veyle à Lent</td></tr><tr><td>U4235010</td><td>-0.77</td><td>0.71</td><td>215</td><td>93</td><td>4.9994</td><td>46.1636</td><td>1007</td><td>736</td><td>242</td><td>Le Renon à Neuville-les-Dames</td></tr><tr><td>U4505010</td><td>-0.92</td><td>0.61</td><td>310</td><td>55</td><td>4.5858</td><td>46.1564</td><td>1032</td><td>694</td><td>444</td><td>L'Ardières à Beaujeu</td></tr><tr><td>U4624010</td><td>-0.77</td><td>0.62</td><td>211</td><td>337</td><td>4.6439</td><td>45.8744</td><td>975</td><td>708</td><td>357</td><td>L'Azergues à Châtillon</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C9. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>V0144010</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.98</td><td>606</td><td>332</td><td>6.5521</td><td>46.1136</td><td>1937</td><td>487</td><td>1827</td><td>Le Giffre à Taninges (Pressy)</td></tr><tr><td>V0205010</td><td>-3.49</td><td>0.20</td><td>458</td><td>28</td><td>6.4565</td><td>46.0649</td><td>1892</td><td>531</td><td>729</td><td>Le Bronze à Bonneville (Thuet)</td></tr><tr><td>V0245610</td><td>-0.32</td><td>0.32</td><td>436</td><td>47</td><td>6.0669</td><td>46.1397</td><td>1240</td><td>636</td><td>421</td><td>L'Aire à Saint-Julien-en-Genevois (Thairy)</td></tr><tr><td>V0325010</td><td>-2.93</td><td>0.70</td><td>707</td><td>171</td><td>6.6210</td><td>46.2651</td><td>1979</td><td>500</td><td>1348</td><td>La Dranse de Morzine à Seytroux (Pont de Couvaloup)</td></tr><tr><td>V1015010</td><td>-0.88</td><td>0.36</td><td>851</td><td>76</td><td>5.9221</td><td>46.2831</td><td>1930</td><td>535</td><td>878</td><td>La Valserine à Lélex (Niaizet)</td></tr><tr><td>V1015030</td><td>-1.63</td><td>0.69</td><td>579</td><td>110</td><td>5.8648</td><td>46.2200</td><td>1890</td><td>544</td><td>1214</td><td>La Valserine à Chézery-Forens (Chézery)</td></tr><tr><td>V1015810</td><td>-1.32</td><td>1.13</td><td>401</td><td>182</td><td>5.8006</td><td>46.1500</td><td>1712</td><td>589</td><td>1562</td><td>La Semine à Châtillon-en-Michaille (Coz)</td></tr><tr><td>V1214010</td><td>-7.26</td><td>0.89</td><td>528</td><td>224</td><td>6.2070</td><td>45.9053</td><td>1835</td><td>549</td><td>1336</td><td>Le Fier à Dingy-Saint-Clair</td></tr><tr><td>V1235210</td><td>-7.92</td><td>0.38</td><td>469</td><td>25</td><td>6.2242</td><td>45.7831</td><td>1745</td><td>586</td><td>1187</td><td>L'Ire à Doussard</td></tr><tr><td>V1235610</td><td>-3.62</td><td>0.24</td><td>456</td><td>93</td><td>6.2322</td><td>45.7873</td><td>1674</td><td>610</td><td>907</td><td>L'Eau Morte à Doussard</td></tr><tr><td>V1237410</td><td>-1.61</td><td>0.31</td><td>465</td><td>30</td><td>6.1634</td><td>45.8347</td><td>1436</td><td>618</td><td>712</td><td>Le Laudon à Saint-Jorioz</td></tr><tr><td>V1264010</td><td>-2.70</td><td>0.93</td><td>316</td><td>1286</td><td>5.9204</td><td>45.9013</td><td>1583</td><td>609</td><td>960</td><td>Le Fier à Vallières</td></tr><tr><td>V1414010</td><td>-0.26</td><td>0.20</td><td>382</td><td>158</td><td>5.6728</td><td>45.8819</td><td>1699</td><td>594</td><td>252</td><td>Le Seran à Belmont-Luthézieu (Bavosière)</td></tr><tr><td>V1425010</td><td>-3.11</td><td>2.23</td><td>249</td><td>41</td><td>5.6866</td><td>45.8761</td><td>1539</td><td>644</td><td>2365</td><td>Le Groin à Artemare (Cerveyrieu)</td></tr><tr><td>V1504010</td><td>-1.53</td><td>0.55</td><td>433</td><td>94</td><td>5.7362</td><td>45.3856</td><td>1880</td><td>565</td><td>1559</td><td>Le Guiers Mort à Saint-Laurent-du-Pont</td></tr><tr><td>V1774010</td><td>-0.14</td><td>0.68</td><td>204</td><td>696</td><td>5.1589</td><td>45.7150</td><td>1037</td><td>744</td><td>339</td><td>La Bourbre à Tignieu-Jameyzieu</td></tr><tr><td>V2024010</td><td>-1.28</td><td>0.60</td><td>793</td><td>101</td><td>6.0281</td><td>46.6400</td><td>1903</td><td>538</td><td>1045</td><td>La Saine à Foncine-le-Bas</td></tr><tr><td>V2035010</td><td>-0.33</td><td>0.19</td><td>819</td><td>95</td><td>5.9645</td><td>46.6069</td><td>1904</td><td>564</td><td>290</td><td>La Lemme à Fort-du-Plasne (Saint-Palais) (Pont-de-Lemme)</td></tr><tr><td>V2202010</td><td>-0.83</td><td>0.82</td><td>458</td><td>734</td><td>5.7669</td><td>46.6859</td><td>1752</td><td>582</td><td>1135</td><td>L'Ain à Marigny (Chalain)</td></tr><tr><td>V2206010</td><td>-0.43</td><td>0.79</td><td>499</td><td>51</td><td>5.7750</td><td>46.6479</td><td>1778</td><td>607</td><td>1012</td><td>Le Hérisson à Doucier</td></tr><tr><td>V2414010</td><td>-2.25</td><td>0.83</td><td>442</td><td>203</td><td>5.8684</td><td>46.4163</td><td>1972</td><td>544</td><td>1372</td><td>La Bienne à Saint-Claude (Chenavier)</td></tr><tr><td>V2444020</td><td>-0.36</td><td>0.94</td><td>323</td><td>593</td><td>5.7062</td><td>46.3627</td><td>1902</td><td>566</td><td>1568</td><td>La Bienne à Jeurre</td></tr><tr><td>V2814020</td><td>-0.31</td><td>0.37</td><td>272</td><td>331</td><td>5.3904</td><td>46.1123</td><td>1469</td><td>679</td><td>353</td><td>Le Suran à Neuville-sur-Ain (La Planche)</td></tr><tr><td>V2924010</td><td>-0.33</td><td>0.64</td><td>293</td><td>210</td><td>5.4393</td><td>45.9480</td><td>1668</td><td>606</td><td>915</td><td>L'Albarine à Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey</td></tr><tr><td>V2934010</td><td>0.01</td><td>0.43</td><td>242</td><td>290</td><td>5.3326</td><td>45.9545</td><td>1634</td><td>622</td><td>692</td><td>L'Albarine à Saint-Denis-en-Bugey (Pont Saint Denis)</td></tr><tr><td>V4144010</td><td>-0.20</td><td>0.64</td><td>309</td><td>454</td><td>4.5393</td><td>44.8748</td><td>1331</td><td>639</td><td>607</td><td>L'Eyrieux à Beauvène (Pont de Chervil)</td></tr><tr><td>V4214010</td><td>-0.66</td><td>0.63</td><td>542</td><td>189</td><td>5.4440</td><td>44.6191</td><td>1108</td><td>621</td><td>373</td><td>La Drôme à Luc-en-Diois</td></tr><tr><td>V4225010</td><td>-1.70</td><td>0.76</td><td>564</td><td>227</td><td>5.4910</td><td>44.6933</td><td>1356</td><td>568</td><td>560</td><td>Le Bez à Châtillon-en-Diois</td></tr><tr><td>V4275010</td><td>-0.97</td><td>0.56</td><td>329</td><td>101</td><td>5.1456</td><td>44.7747</td><td>1193</td><td>652</td><td>291</td><td>La Gervanne à Beaufort-sur-Gervanne</td></tr><tr><td>V4414010</td><td>-0.43</td><td>0.62</td><td>276</td><td>192</td><td>5.0159</td><td>44.6249</td><td>1028</td><td>695</td><td>303</td><td>Le Roubion à Soyans</td></tr><tr><td>V5045810</td><td>-1.20</td><td>1.26</td><td>638</td><td>63</td><td>3.9499</td><td>44.5755</td><td>1851</td><td>597</td><td>1267</td><td>Le Borne à Saint-Laurent-les-Bains (Pont de Nicoulaud)</td></tr><tr><td>V6035010</td><td>0.42</td><td>0.65</td><td>338</td><td>157</td><td>5.2141</td><td>44.2150</td><td>1000</td><td>675</td><td>247</td><td>Le Toulourenc à Malaucène (Veaux)</td></tr><tr><td>V6052010</td><td>-0.94</td><td>0.71</td><td>194</td><td>587</td><td>5.0690</td><td>44.2403</td><td>936</td><td>717</td><td>344</td><td>L'Ouvèze à Vaison-la-Romaine</td></tr><tr><td>V7124010</td><td>0.27</td><td>1.28</td><td>148</td><td>244</td><td>3.9682</td><td>44.0797</td><td>1499</td><td>755</td><td>724</td><td>Le Gardon de Mialet à Générargues (Saint-Palais) (Roucan)</td></tr><tr><td>W0000010</td><td>-1.37</td><td>0.32</td><td>1851</td><td>46</td><td>6.9878</td><td>45.4476</td><td>1050</td><td>260</td><td>1189</td><td>L'Isère à Val-d'Isère</td></tr><tr><td>W0224010</td><td>1.06</td><td>1.01</td><td>652</td><td>333</td><td>6.5847</td><td>45.4493</td><td>1289</td><td>368</td><td>1296</td><td>Le Doron de Bozel à la Perrière (Vignotan)</td></tr><tr><td>W2222010</td><td>0.50</td><td>1.17</td><td>750</td><td>984</td><td>5.9104</td><td>44.8174</td><td>1302</td><td>466</td><td>1026</td><td>Le Drac à Corps (Le Sautet)</td></tr><tr><td>W2335210</td><td>-0.23</td><td>0.85</td><td>948</td><td>70</td><td>5.8668</td><td>44.9493</td><td>1592</td><td>483</td><td>1061</td><td>La Roizonne à la Valette (La Rochette)</td></tr><tr><td>W2405010</td><td>0.54</td><td>0.88</td><td>885</td><td>51</td><td>5.7822</td><td>44.9142</td><td>1420</td><td>559</td><td>436</td><td>La Jonche à la Mure</td></tr><tr><td>W2714010</td><td>-0.04</td><td>0.66</td><td>1088</td><td>223</td><td>6.1837</td><td>45.0387</td><td>1280</td><td>325</td><td>1048</td><td>La Romanche à Mizoën (Chambon amont)</td></tr><tr><td>W3315010</td><td>-0.72</td><td>0.23</td><td>962</td><td>74</td><td>5.5313</td><td>45.1126</td><td>1446</td><td>569</td><td>248</td><td>Le Meaudret à Méaudre</td></tr><tr><td>W3335210</td><td>-1.49</td><td>0.59</td><td>707</td><td>37</td><td>5.4452</td><td>45.0043</td><td>1408</td><td>564</td><td>471</td><td>L'Adouin à Saint-Martin-en-Vercors (Saint-Palais) (Tourtre)</td></tr><tr><td>X0010010</td><td>0.98</td><td>1.44</td><td>1363</td><td>206</td><td>6.6791</td><td>44.9240</td><td>1176</td><td>383</td><td>739</td><td>La Durance à Val-des-Prés (Les Alberts)</td></tr><tr><td>X0100010</td><td>-1.39</td><td>0.83</td><td>1190</td><td>548</td><td>6.6255</td><td>44.8865</td><td>1115</td><td>381</td><td>729</td><td>La Durance à Briançon (aval)</td></tr><tr><td>X0310010</td><td>-1.88</td><td>0.60</td><td>784</td><td>2283</td><td>6.4878</td><td>44.5522</td><td>1038</td><td>405</td><td>678</td><td>La Durance à Embrun (La Clapière)</td></tr><tr><td>X0434010</td><td>1.46</td><td>1.03</td><td>1136</td><td>542</td><td>6.6525</td><td>44.3837</td><td>1001</td><td>382</td><td>555</td><td>L'Ubaye à Barcelonnette (Abattoir)</td></tr><tr><td>X0454010</td><td>1.26</td><td>1.27</td><td>806</td><td>943</td><td>6.4011</td><td>44.4501</td><td>997</td><td>409</td><td>661</td><td>L'Ubaye au Lauzet-Ubaye (Roche Rousse)</td></tr><tr><td>X0500010</td><td>-1.03</td><td>0.93</td><td>756</td><td>3580</td><td>6.2809</td><td>44.4752</td><td>1026</td><td>421</td><td>667</td><td>La Durance à Espinasses (Serre-Ponçon)</td></tr><tr><td>X1034020</td><td>-0.14</td><td>1.14</td><td>674</td><td>731</td><td>5.7144</td><td>44.4428</td><td>1135</td><td>581</td><td>587</td><td>Le Buech à Serres (Les Chambons)</td></tr><tr><td>X1225010</td><td>-0.01</td><td>0.85</td><td>829</td><td>165</td><td>6.2754</td><td>44.2170</td><td>916</td><td>539</td><td>504</td><td>Le Bes à la Javie (Esclangon-Péroure)</td></tr><tr><td>X2114010</td><td>0.97</td><td>0.94</td><td>943</td><td>138</td><td>6.5020</td><td>43.9961</td><td>1080</td><td>538</td><td>535</td><td>L'Issole à Saint-André-les-Alpes (Mourefrey)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table C10. Continued.</caption><thead><tr><th>Catchment code</th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/E<sub>p</sub></th><th>e<sub>Q</sub>/P</th><th>Altitude of the outlet (m a.s.l.)</th><th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th><th>X outlet (DD)</th><th>Y outlet (DD)</th><th>Long-term precipitation P (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term potential evaporation E (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>Long-term streamflow Q (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>)</th><th>River name</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Y0115410</td><td>-1.50</td><td>0.96</td><td>101</td><td>16</td><td>2.9862</td><td>42.5255</td><td>856</td><td>861</td><td>550</td><td>La Massane à Argelès-sur-Mer (Mas d'en Tourens)</td></tr><tr><td>Y0255020</td><td>-0.14</td><td>0.65</td><td>197</td><td>49</td><td>2.6983</td><td>42.4946</td><td>939</td><td>817</td><td>228</td><td>L'Ample à Reynès (Le Vila)</td></tr><tr><td>Y0325010</td><td>0.38</td><td>0.78</td><td>160</td><td>32</td><td>2.7330</td><td>42.5986</td><td>780</td><td>846</td><td>199</td><td>La Canterrane à Terrats (Moulin d'en Canterrane)</td></tr><tr><td>Y0624020</td><td>-0.31</td><td>0.02</td><td>246</td><td>218</td><td>2.4977</td><td>42.8022</td><td>984</td><td>738</td><td>408</td><td>L'Agly à Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet (Clue de la Fou)</td></tr><tr><td>Y1225010</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.07</td><td>346</td><td>66</td><td>2.3992</td><td>43.0601</td><td>901</td><td>775</td><td>277</td><td>Le Lauquet à Greffeil</td></tr><tr><td>Y1325010</td><td>-0.10</td><td>0.46</td><td>128</td><td>142</td><td>2.0908</td><td>43.2764</td><td>719</td><td>853</td><td>117</td><td>Le Treboul à Villepinte</td></tr><tr><td>Y1415020</td><td>-0.09</td><td>0.33</td><td>94</td><td>242</td><td>2.4314</td><td>43.2326</td><td>1043</td><td>762</td><td>343</td><td>L'Orbiel à Bouilhonnac (Villedubert)</td></tr><tr><td>Y1416210</td><td>-0.67</td><td>0.84</td><td>109</td><td>85</td><td>2.4375</td><td>43.2532</td><td>1013</td><td>769</td><td>296</td><td>La Clamoux à Malves-en-Minervois</td></tr><tr><td>Y2015010</td><td>0.63</td><td>1.21</td><td>198</td><td>155</td><td>3.6582</td><td>44.0003</td><td>1483</td><td>739</td><td>949</td><td>L'Arre au Vigan (La Terrisse)</td></tr><tr><td>Y2102010</td><td>-0.73</td><td>0.87</td><td>139</td><td>916</td><td>3.7346</td><td>43.9157</td><td>1389</td><td>748</td><td>615</td><td>L'Hérault à Laroque</td></tr><tr><td>Y2214010</td><td>-0.37</td><td>1.06</td><td>160</td><td>181</td><td>3.3234</td><td>43.7287</td><td>1296</td><td>750</td><td>771</td><td>La Lergue à Lodève</td></tr><tr><td>Y3204010</td><td>0.49</td><td>1.25</td><td>40</td><td>116</td><td>3.8718</td><td>43.6513</td><td>910</td><td>862</td><td>602</td><td>Le Lez à Montferrier-sur-Lez (Lavalette)</td></tr><tr><td>Y4002010</td><td>-0.32</td><td>0.46</td><td>252</td><td>50</td><td>5.7272</td><td>43.4876</td><td>780</td><td>819</td><td>96</td><td>L'Arc à Pourrières</td></tr><tr><td>Y4022010</td><td>-0.06</td><td>0.56</td><td>174</td><td>297</td><td>5.5143</td><td>43.5013</td><td>706</td><td>818</td><td>112</td><td>L'Arc à Meyreuil (Pont de Bayeux)</td></tr><tr><td>Y4214010</td><td>-0.46</td><td>0.19</td><td>96</td><td>205</td><td>5.1746</td><td>43.6286</td><td>637</td><td>824</td><td>82</td><td>La Touloubre à la Barben (La Savonnière)</td></tr><tr><td>Y4604020</td><td>0.52</td><td>0.55</td><td>81</td><td>184</td><td>6.0369</td><td>43.1941</td><td>892</td><td>828</td><td>175</td><td>Le Gapeau à Solliès-Pont</td></tr><tr><td>Y4624010</td><td>-0.03</td><td>0.83</td><td>12</td><td>536</td><td>6.1482</td><td>43.1488</td><td>873</td><td>857</td><td>182</td><td>Le Gapeau à Hyères (Sainte-Eulalie)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5005210</td><td>0.47</td><td>0.40</td><td>254</td><td>146</td><td>5.9514</td><td>43.4965</td><td>812</td><td>834</td><td>110</td><td>Le Cauron à Bras (Pont de l'Avocade)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5032010</td><td>-0.74</td><td>0.64</td><td>183</td><td>505</td><td>6.0247</td><td>43.5022</td><td>765</td><td>821</td><td>168</td><td>L'Argens à Châteauvert</td></tr><tr><td>Y5105010</td><td>3.33</td><td>1.35</td><td>181</td><td>203</td><td>6.1764</td><td>43.4420</td><td>830</td><td>849</td><td>277</td><td>Le Caramy à Vins-sur-Caramy (Les Marcounious)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5106610</td><td>1.22</td><td>0.86</td><td>189</td><td>228</td><td>6.2258</td><td>43.4420</td><td>851</td><td>852</td><td>159</td><td>L'Issole à Cabasse (Pont des Fées)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5202010</td><td>-0.73</td><td>0.72</td><td>42</td><td>1651</td><td>6.4742</td><td>43.4445</td><td>811</td><td>839</td><td>185</td><td>L'Argens aux Arcs</td></tr><tr><td>Y5215020</td><td>-0.34</td><td>0.92</td><td>46</td><td>229</td><td>6.4534</td><td>43.3949</td><td>852</td><td>879</td><td>258</td><td>L'Aille à Vidauban (Le Baou)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5235010</td><td>-0.58</td><td>0.78</td><td>151</td><td>194</td><td>6.4812</td><td>43.5063</td><td>892</td><td>767</td><td>181</td><td>La Nartuby à Trans-en-Provence</td></tr><tr><td>Y5235030</td><td>-0.13</td><td>0.61</td><td>235</td><td>149</td><td>6.4232</td><td>43.5778</td><td>896</td><td>741</td><td>182</td><td>La Nartuby à Châteaudouble (Rebouillon)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5312010</td><td>-0.95</td><td>0.69</td><td>8</td><td>2514</td><td>6.6452</td><td>43.4513</td><td>822</td><td>841</td><td>191</td><td>L'Argens à Roquebrune-sur-Argens</td></tr><tr><td>Y5505410</td><td>-3.86</td><td>0.72</td><td>7</td><td>48</td><td>6.8496</td><td>43.4429</td><td>825</td><td>877</td><td>239</td><td>Le Grenouiller à Saint-Raphaël (Agay)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5615010</td><td>-0.11</td><td>0.94</td><td>133</td><td>206</td><td>7.0088</td><td>43.6981</td><td>1112</td><td>709</td><td>488</td><td>Le Loup à Tourrettes-sur-Loup (Les Vallettes)</td></tr><tr><td>Y5615020</td><td>-0.06</td><td>0.79</td><td>192</td><td>153</td><td>6.9921</td><td>43.7213</td><td>1130</td><td>690</td><td>412</td><td>Le Loup à Gourdon (Loup amont)</td></tr><tr><td>Y6432010</td><td>-0.60</td><td>0.96</td><td>188</td><td>1829</td><td>7.1905</td><td>43.9081</td><td>1144</td><td>563</td><td>576</td><td>Le Var à Malaussène (La Mescla)</td></tr><tr><td>Y6434010</td><td>0.19</td><td>1.04</td><td>140</td><td>443</td><td>7.1590</td><td>43.8446</td><td>1042</td><td>706</td><td>425</td><td>L'Estéron au Broc (La Clave)</td></tr><tr><td>Y6624010</td><td>-0.16</td><td>1.31</td><td>280</td><td>453</td><td>7.5204</td><td>43.9316</td><td>1127</td><td>596</td><td>770</td><td>La Roya à Breil-sur-Roya</td></tr></tbody></table>
The Supplement related to this article is available online
at doi:10.5194/hess-20-4503-2016-supplement.

*Acknowledgements.* The authors would like to acknowledge Météo-France for making the SAFRAN meteorological archive available for this study, and SCHAPI-Banque Hydro for the hydrometrical series. They would also like to acknowledge the reviews of Alberto Viglione, Francis Chiew, Tim McVicar and an anonymous reviewer, which contributed to improving this paper.

Edited by: R. Merz

Reviewed by: F. H. S. Chiew, L. Gudmundsson, and A. Viglione

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