# An ODD Schema for a Sustainable Encoding of Catalog Objects

Sarah Bénière, Hugo Scheithauer, Juliette Janes, Laurent Romary

► To cite this version:

Sarah Bénière, Hugo Scheithauer, Juliette Janes, Laurent Romary. An ODD Schema for a Sustainable Encoding of Catalog Objects. TEI 2024 – Texts, Languages and Communities, Universidad del Salvador, Oct 2024, Buenos Aires, Argentina. hal-04754028

HAL Id: hal-04754028

https://hal.science/hal-04754028v1

Submitted on 25 Oct 2024

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Logo: Alix Chagué
Inspiration: Loading Artist

# An ODD Schema for a Sustainable Encoding of Catalog Objects

**Sarah Bénière**, Research & Development Engineer, ALMAnaCH (Inria)

Hugo Scheithauer, PhD candidate, ALMAnaCH (Inria) & EPHE (Université PSL, Paris)

Juliette Janès, Research & Development Engineer, ALMAnaCH (Inria)

Laurent Romary, Research Director, DCIS (Inria)
# The DataCatalogue Project

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

# Institutional Context

## Partnering institutions

* Inria

* (French) Ministry of Culture

* National Library (BnF)

* National Institute for Art History (INHA)

## Project history

* Phase 1 (2021-2022)

* Phase 2 (2023-2024)

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

# Objective

Automate the transformation of digitized
sales catalogs into a structured database,
using machine learning tools

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /><figcaption>Lucien Naville, 1924</figcaption></figure>
# The Corpus

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /></figure>

# Composition

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

* Overall = +150k catalogs

* DataCatalogue dataset = **713 catalogs** (from BnF/INHA)

* Various representations of:

* **Sales types** (numismatics, ancient books, antiques, fine arts, etc.)

* **Document layouts**

* **Time periods** (18th-21st centuries)

* Languages:

* **French** (~95%)

* German and English (~5%)
# Interest - Heterogeneous Structure of Sales Catalogs

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>Whiston Bristow, 1762</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /><figcaption>Lucien Naville, 1924</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>Fraysse & Associés, 2011</figcaption></figure>
The Workflow

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>

# The DataCatalogue Image-to-Text Workflow

Macro-structuration

Micro-structuration

Digitization

Layout
Segmentation

Object detection
(YOLO)

Transcription

Automatic Text
Recognition
(eScriptorium)
for noisy text

Semantic
Markup

TEI-XML
(ODD_DataCatalogue.xml)

Content Segmentation &
Information Extraction

Token
classification

Publication
Focus on Layout Segmentation

<figure><img src="image_16.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_17.png" /></figure>

From SegmOnto to LADaS

SegmOnto

<figure><img src="image_18.png" /></figure>

Gabay et al. (2023)

* Controlled vocabulary

* Layout description

* Specific syntax: **Type:Subtype**

* Documentation written in a TEI ODD

LADaS

<figure><img src="image_19.png" /></figure>

Clérice et al. (2024)

<figure><img src="image_20.png" /></figure>

Scheithauer et al. (2024)

* "Layout Analysis Dataset with SegmOnto"

* **COLaF** project (Inria)

* **LADaS dataset** = 5071 images

* **DataCatalogue subset** = 1425 images
# Example of DataCatalogue LADaS Classes

<figure><img src="image_21.png" /></figure>

Lair-Dubreuil, 1924
<figure><img src="image_22.png" /></figure>

# From LADaS to TEI

* Table of equivalence between LADaS and TEI-XML

* 2 "catalogue" classes:

* MainZone:Entry

* MainZone:P@CatalogueDesc

* 3 "catalogue" TEI elements:

* <catalogueItem>

* <catalogueDesc>

* <catalogueEntry>

<table><thead><tr><th>Class Name</th><th>TEI</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>GraphicZone</td><td>&lt;figure&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>GraphicZone:Decoration</td><td>&lt;figure type="decoration"&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>GraphicZone:FigDesc</td><td>&lt;figDesc&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>MainZone:Entry</td><td>&lt;catalogueItem&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>MainZone:Head</td><td>&lt;head&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>MainZone:P</td><td>&lt;p&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>MainZone:P@CatalogueDesc</td><td>&lt;catalogueDesc&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>MainZone:Signature</td><td>&lt;signed&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>MarginTextZone:ManuscriptAddendum</td><td>&lt;div type="handwritten"&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>MarginTextZone:Notes</td><td>&lt;note n="{}" place="{}"&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>NumberingZone</td><td>&lt;pb n="" facs=""&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>PageTitleZone</td><td>&lt;front&gt; → &lt;titlePage&gt;</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>&lt;catalogueEntry&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table>
Describing Sales Catalogs in TEI

<figure><img src="image_23.png" /></figure>
# Title Page Encoded According to the P5 Guidelines

## CATALOGUE
DES
TABLEAUX MODERNES

### Aquarelles, Pastels, Dessins

#### Par:

ADAM (NASSY), ARI SCHEFFER, BECO DE FOUIQUERES, BRETONS (VICTOR)

CARRIER-BELLEUSE (LOUIS), CARRIER-BELLEUSE (PIERRE)

CASTIGLIONE, DEFEX, DELPY (H.-C.), DESVAREUX, DIAZ (X.)

DURAN (CAROLUS), GARRIDO, GUILDEY, GUILLAUME, HIER (IVAN), BIERLE

INNOCENTI, JANSSENS, LAMBERT, LAMY (EUG.)

LE GOUT-GERARD, LELOIR (M.), MARIOTOS, MINISZECH, MOUREN, MURER

PALIZZI, PERBOVRE, PILS, PROTAIS, RIVOIRE, SERGENT

SERRES (ANTONY), TCHOUHAKOFF, TEN KATE, VALADON, VOLLON, ETC.

## GRAVURES

Dont la Vente aux Enchères publiques aura lieu

HOTEL DROUOT, SALLE N° 6

LE JEUDI 26 FÉVRIER 1914

A deux heures

PAR LE MINISTÈRE DE
M° F. LAIR-DUBREUIL, COMMISSAIRE-PRISEUR
6, rue Favart

## EXPOSITION PUBLIQUE

Le Mercredi 25 Février 1914, de 1 heure 1/2 à 6 heures

Lair-Dubreuil, 1914

```xml
<front>
    <titlePage>
        <docTitle>
            <titlePart type="main">CATALOGUE</lb>/DES lb/> TABLEAUX MODERNES</titlePart>
            <titlePart type="sub">Aquarelles, Pastels, Dessins</titlePart>
            <titlePart type="artists">Par : lb/</name>ADAM (NASSY)/<name>ARY SCHEFFER</name>,<name>BACQ DE FOUIQUERES</name>,<name>BRETONS</name>
            <name>BACQ DE FOUIQUERES</name>,<name>BRETONS</name>
            <lb/><name>CARRIER-BELLEUSE (LOUIS)/<name>CARRIER-BELLEUSE (PIERRE)</name>
            <lb/><name>CASTIGLIONE</name>,<name>DEFAUX</name>,<name>DELPY (H.-C.)</name>,<name>DESVAREUX</name>,<name>DIAZ (N.)</name>
            <lb/><name>DURAN (CAROLUS)/<name>GARRIDO</name>,<name>GUILDEY</name>,<name>GUILLAUME</name>,<name>HIER (IVAN)</name>
            <lb/><name>INNOCENTI</name>,<name>JANSSENS</name>,<name>LAMBERT</name>,<name>LAMY (EUG.)</name>
            <lb/><name>LE GOUT-GERARD</name>,<name>LE GOUT-GERARD</name>,<name>LE GOUT-GERARD</name>,<name>MAIOTON</name>,<name>MINISZECH</name>,<name>MOUREN</name>,<name>MURER</name>
            <lb/><name>PALIZZI</name>,<name>PERBOVRE</name>,<name>PILS</name>,<name>PROTAIS</name>,<name>RIVOIRE</name>,<name>SERGENT</name>
            <lb/><name>SERRES (ANTONY)</name>,<name>TCHOUHAKOFF</name>,<name>TEN KATE</name>,<name>VALADON</name>,<name>VOLLOW</name>,<name>ETC.</name>
        </titlePart>
        <titlePart type="sub">GRAVURES</titlePart>
        <titlePart type="sales_place">Dont la Vente aux Enchères publiques aura lieu
            <lb/>(placeName)HOTEL DROUOT/</placeName>, SALLE N°6 lb/</date>LE JEUDI 26 FÉVRIER
            1914</date>lb/</time>A deux heures</time></titlePart>
    </docTitle>
    <byline>PAR LE MINISTÈRE DE lb/</name>Me F. LAIR-DUBREUIL</name>, COMMISSAIRE-PRISEUR lb/>
    <address>
        <address>6, rue Favart</address>
    </address>
    <byline>
        <metanark style="line"/>
        <titlePart><desc>EXPOSITION PUBLIQUE</desc>
            <lb/</date>Le Mercredi 25 Février 1914</date>, <time>de 1 heure 1/2 à 6 heures</time>
        </titlePart>
    </byline>
    <titlePage>
        <//front>
    </titlePage>
</front>
```

ExampleFile_Lair-Dubreuil_CV02553_19140226_f3.xml
<figure><img src="image_24.png" /></figure>

# TEI Modeling of Sales Catalogs

Building upon the grounding work of:

<figure><img src="image_25.png" /></figure>

Gabay, Simon, Barbara Topalov, Caroline Corbières, Lucie Rondeau Du Noyer, Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel, and Laurent Romary. "Automating Artl@s – extracting data from exhibition catalogues." Presented at EADH 2021 – Second International Conference of the European Association for Digital Humanities, Krasnoyarsk, 2021. URL: https://hal.science/hal-03331838.

<figure><img src="image_26.png" /><figcaption>Bourgey, 1958</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_27.png" /></figure>

Description of Catalog-related Elements – <catalogueEntry>

* Closest content model ➔ **model.divLike** (text division)

* Minimal structure:

* `<head>` ➔ header of the entry

* `<catalogueDesc>` ➔ further information, applies to all items in the entry [OPTIONAL]

* `<catalogueItem>` ➔ description of catalog objects (at least one)

* `<catalogueEntry>` elements can be embedded like `<div>` elements
## Example of an Encoded `<catalogueEntry>`

<figure><img src="image_28.png" /></figure>

ExampleFile_Lair-Dubreuil_CV05182-19200318_f6.xmm
<figure><img src="image_29.png" /></figure>

# Embedding Challenge

* At which point do we switch from <div> to <catalogueEntry>?

* Do we consider "SANS NOM D'ATELIER" to be <catalogueDesc> or <catalogueEntry>?

* Does it depend on context?

* If so, can we actually automate the encoding?

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /><figcaption>ExampleFile_bienaime-feuardent_12148-bpt6k9777420r_f119.xml</figcaption></figure>
## Description of Catalog-related Elements – <catalogueDesc>

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>

Rollin, 1864

* Closest content model ➔ **model.pLike** (paragraph)

* LADaS equivalent ➔ **MainZone:P@CatalogueDesc**

* Gives **further information** about the entry

* Content of **<catalogueDesc>** applies to all items in the entry
<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

Description of Catalog-related Elements – <catalogueItem>

* Closest content model ↪ **model descLike** (description)

* LADaS equivalent ↪ **MainZone:Entry**

* Information is structured within **<desc>**:

* **<num>** ↪ object identifier within the catalog

* **<objectType>** ↪ type of object described (e.g. painting, sculpture, coin, etc.)

* **<dimensions>** ↪ object dimensions

* **<condition>** ↪ assessment of the object's physical condition

* All elements within **<desc>** are **optional** due to the heterogeneity of the entries' presentation.

```xml
<catalogueItem n="8">
  <desc>
    <num>8</num> - Campement près de ruines, à Kardabeh (Nubie). <lb/>Signé à droite, en bas : Berchère, 1872. <lb>/<objectType>Toile</objectType>. <dimensions><height>Haut., 63 cent.</height> ; <width>larg., 42 cent.</width></dimensions>
  </desc>
</catalogueItem>
```

ExampleFile_Lair-Dubreuil_CV05182-19200318_f6.xmm
Conclusion & Perspectives

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

# Key Takeaways

* The DataCatalogue workflow is still a work in progress:

* Automate the transition from one step to another as much as possible

* Resolve the embedding challenge

* Using the SegmOnto controlled vocabulary for layout segmentation ensures:

* High compatibility with TEI

* Standardized annotations and encoding

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

* Improves DataCatalogue's commitment to make data FAIR
<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>

Useful Links

<figure><img src="image_37.png" /></figure>

Read more about the
DataCatalogue workflow

<figure><img src="image_38.png" /></figure>

Check out the DataCatalogue
annotation guide (FR)

<figure><img src="image_39.png" /></figure>

Test the DataCatalogue
object detection model

<figure><img src="image_40.png" /></figure>

Access the DataCatalogue
TEI repository

<figure><img src="image_41.png" /></figure>

Read the SegmOnto
documentation

<figure><img src="image_42.png" /></figure>

Access the LADaS
dataset
Thank you for your attention!

<figure><img src="image_43.png" /></figure>

Logo: Alix Chagué
do: Loading Artist

Contact: sarah.beniere@inria.fr