# Static vs dynamic in vitro digestions of an innovative Citrus concentrate: Bioaccessibility of its phytomicronutrients

L. Gence, Pascale Goupy, Christian Ginies, Claire Dufour, Claudie Dhuique-Mayer

► To cite this version:

L. Gence, Pascale Goupy, Christian Ginies, Claire Dufour, Claudie Dhuique-Mayer. Static vs dynamic in vitro digestions of an innovative Citrus concentrate: Bioaccessibility of its phytomicronutrients. 5th International Conference on Food Digestion, Apr 2017, Rennes, France. 2017. [hal-01603369](https://hal.science/hal-01603369)

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https://hal.science/hal-01603369

Submitted on 2 Jun 2020

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# Static vs dynamic *in vitro* digestions of an innovative
Citrus concentrate: Bioaccessibility of its phytomicronutrients

¹CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, TA B-95/16, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
²INRA, Université d'Avignon, UMR SQPOV, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France

L. GENCE¹, P. GOUPY², C. GINIES², C. DUFOUR² AND C. DHUIQUE-MAYER¹*

* Corresponding author e-mail: claudie.dhuique-mayer@cirad.fr

Citrus juices and fruits, highly consumed worldwide, represent a significant dietary source of pro-vitamin A carotenoids and flavonoids which could contribute to the beneficial health effects of Citrus products. The aim of the present work was to assess the bioaccessibility of the main carotenoids and flavanones of a new Citrus clementina concentrate specially enriched in β-cryptoxanthin and hesperidin. Dynamic vs Static *in vitro* digestion systems were used to compare carotenoid micellarization and flavanone solubility.

## Methodology

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✓ The innovative citrus concentrate was obtained by cross-flow microfiltration. The *in vitro* static model used (Figure 1A) has been validated against human studies and considered as a reliable model for carotenoid behavior [1]. The dynamic gastrointestinal model DIDGI® used (Figure 1B) was controlled by the STORM software. Pro-vitamin A carotenoids (β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene) and flavanones glycosides (hesperidin, narirutin) were analyzed by HPLC-DAD.

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Figure 1. Diagram of the static (1A) and dynamic (1B) *in vitro* digestion processes used for clementine concentrate</figcaption></figure>

## Results

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Table I. Bioaccessibility of pro-vitamin A carotenoids and solubility of flavanone glycosides from Clementine concentrate</figcaption></figure>

✓ Carotenoid micellarization was slightly higher in the dynamic *in vitro* digestion compared to the static one (Table I). This can be accounted for by varying bile contents which are higher until 38 min and then lower than in the static model. In both digestion systems, β-cryptoxanthin bioaccessibility tended to be greater (15 to 21%) than that of β-carotene (12 to 17%) due to molecule polarity and in agreement with literature [2].

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">In vitro<br>digestion model</th><th rowspan="2"></th><th colspan="2">Carotenoid<br>bioaccessibility (%)</th><th colspan="2">Flavanone glycoside<br>solubility (%)</th></tr><tr><th>β-cryptoxanthin</th><th>β-carotene</th><th>Hesperidin</th><th>Narirutin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">Static</td><td>Mean</td><td>14.9</td><td>12.3</td><td>2.9</td><td>16.1*</td></tr><tr><td>SD</td><td>0.8</td><td>2.3</td><td>0.1</td><td>0.1</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Dynamic</td><td>Mean</td><td>21.1<sup>‡</sup></td><td>17.3<sup>*‡</sup></td><td>2.8</td><td>16.7*</td></tr><tr><td>SD</td><td>2.8</td><td>2.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.3</td></tr></tbody></table>

Data are mean and SD, n = 3. ‡ indicates significant difference between digestion models and * indicates that values in the same case are significantly different (p < 0.05)

✓ Finally, the dynamic system led to bioaccessibility kinetics which showed an optimal carotenoid micellarization at 90 min of digestion (Figure 2).

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2. Kinetic bioaccessibility of carotenoids during dynamic *in vitro* digestion of the concentrate</figcaption></figure>

✓ Additionally, hesperidin in the duodenal aqueous phase appeared very low (3%) in both models as limited by solubility while that of narirutin reached 16% (Table I). Total flavanone glycoside contents decreased around 35% during duodenal dynamic digestion as did their soluble contents (Figure 3).

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>Figure 3. Duodenal flavanone glycoside contents during dynamic *in vitro* digestion of the concentrate</figcaption></figure>

## Conclusion

## References

[1] ETCHEVERRY, P., GRUSAK, M. A., & FLEIGE, L. E. (2012). Application of *in vitro* bioaccessibility and bioavailability methods for calcium, carotenoids, folate, iron, magnesium, polyphenols, zinc, and vitamins B(6), B(12), D, and E. *Front Physiol*, **3**, 317.
[2] DHUIQUE-MAYER, C., BOREL, P., REBOUL, E., CAPORICCIO, B., BESANCON, P., & AMIOT, M. J. (2007). Beta-cryptoxanthin from citrus juices: assessment of bioaccessibility using an *in vitro* digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model. *Br J Nutr*, **97**(5), 883-890.

✓ Overall, these results indicated that approximately 5 – 7 mg/L of pro-vitamin A carotenoids were bioaccessible and 85 mg/L of soluble hesperidin after both *in vitro* digestion models, suggesting interesting contents for intestinal or colon absorption. The dynamic digestion confirmed the efficiency of the static model which estimates bioaccessibility and solubility in a faster, simpler and less expensive manner. On the other hand, the dynamic digestion model can be used to study kinetics of food digestion and reactivity allowing to uncover associated mechanisms (matrix effect or oxidative degradation).

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cirad

UMR
QualiSud

SQPIV

UMR408

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