# The data on psychological adaptation during polar winter-overs in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic stations

Michel Nicolas, Guillaume Martinent, Peter Suedfeld, Marvin Gaudino

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Michel Nicolas, Guillaume Martinent, Peter Suedfeld, Marvin Gaudino. The data on psychological adaptation during polar winter-overs in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic stations. Data in Brief, 2020, 29, pp.105324. 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105324. hal-03552052

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Data Article

# The data on psychological adaptation during polar winter-overs in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic stations

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Michel Nicolas<sup>a, *</sup>, Guillaume Martinent<sup>b</sup>, Peter Suedfeld<sup>c</sup>,
Marvin Gaudino<sup>a</sup>

## ARTICLE INFO

### Article history:

Received 16 September 2019

Received in revised form 5 February 2020

Accepted 14 February 2020

Available online 25 February 2020

### Keywords:

Emotional changes

Extreme environment

Isolated and confined environment

Occupational investment

Physical fatigue

Polar stations

Psychological adaptation

Social relationships

## ABSTRACT

The data presented in this article relate to the research article entitled "assessing psychological adaptation during polar winter-overs: The isolated and confined environments questionnaire (ICE-Q)" [1]. These data were acquired in order to develop a standardized instrument — the ICE-Q — designed to assess psychological adaptation within isolated, confined, and extreme environments. A total of 140 winterers from several sub-Antarctic (Amsterdam, Crozet, Kerguelen) and Antarctic (Concordia, Terre Adélie) stations voluntarily participated. Data were collected by multiple self-report questionnaires including a wide variety of well-known and validated questionnaires to record the winterers' responses to polar stations. Data were gathered across two or three winter seasons within each of the 5 polar stations to ensure sufficiently large sample. From four to seven measurement time along a one-year period were proposed to the participants, resulting in 479 momentary assessments. Results of exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, exploratory structural equation modelling, reliability analyses, and test-retest provided strong evidence for the construct validity of the ICE-Q (19—item 4-factor questionnaire). The four factors were social, emotional, occupational and physical. Future studies would examine the dynamic of

<footnote><sup>a</sup> University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratory Psy-DREPI (EA 7458), Dijon, France</footnote>

<footnote><sup>b</sup> University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratory of Vulnerability and Innovation in Sport, France</footnote>

<footnote><sup>c</sup> Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</footnote>

<footnote>* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: michel.nicolas@u-bourgogne.fr (M. Nicolas).</footnote>
psychological adaptation in isolated, confined and/or extreme environments during polar missions.

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

<table><caption>Specifications Table</caption><tr><td>Subject</td><td>Applied psychology</td></tr><tr><td>Specific subject area</td><td>Environmental psychology, health psychology, psychological adaptation.</td></tr><tr><td>Type of data</td><td>Tables and Figures</td></tr><tr><td>How data were acquired</td><td>Self-reported data was collected from winterers during winter season mission in sub-Antarctic or Antarctic stations</td></tr><tr><td>Data format</td><td>Analyzed</td></tr><tr><td>Parameters for data collection</td><td>Data on psychological adaptation during sub-Antarctic or Antarctic missions were obtained using self-report questionnaires</td></tr><tr><td>Description of data collection</td><td>Data were collected by multiple self-report questionnaires assessing winterers' responses to polar stations across several measurement points during sub-Antarctic and Antarctic missions</td></tr><tr><td>Data source location</td><td>Dijon, France.</td></tr><tr><td>Data accessibility</td><td>Data are included in this article</td></tr><tr><td>Related research article</td><td>Nicolas, M., Martinent, G., Gaudino, M., & Suedfeld, P. Assessing psychological adaptation during polar winter-overs: The isolated and confined environments questionnaire (ICE-Q), J Environ Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101317 [1]</td></tr></table>

## Value of the Data

* The data provides a short, quick, cost-effective and non-invasive measure to monitor psychological adaptation within the four key domains (social, emotional, occupational and physical) in isolated, confined and extreme environment.

* The data can help psychologists' to monitor psychological adaptation in extreme environment and to assist individuals optimizing their well-being and performance in such isolated, confined and extreme environment.

* The data can help researchers for understanding of factors influencing the adaptation to isolated, confined and extreme environment.

* The findings of the present data call for further research to examine the dynamic of psychological adaptation in extreme environment.

# 1. Data

The data presented in this article is complementary to the research article entitled "assessing psychological adaptation during polar winter-overs: The isolated and confined environments questionnaire (ICE-Q)" [1]. A total of 140 winterers (Mage = 34.42 ± 13.34 years, 17.9% of females) voluntarily participated. Participants were members of 14 distinct polar missions from several sub-Antarctic (Amsterdam, Crozet, Kerguelen) and Antarctic (Concordia, Terre Adélie) stations. Data were gathered during several winter seasons and in several polar stations to ensure sufficiently large sample (no winterer participated in more than one winter season). Table 1 detailed the year of data gathering, the place of the polar mission and the number of participants. Table 2 indicates the initial questionnaire with the content of the items except the questionnaire protected by copyright.

Results of exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation including all the items of the preliminary version of the ICE-Q are presented in Table 3. A four-factor solution was computed based on the scree test (the first four eigenvalues were substantially higher than the fifth one). Results of confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling of the final 4-factor 19-item solution of the ICE-Q are presented in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively. The four factors emerging from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were social (α = 0.82, *r* test-retest over a 5-month period = .65), emotional (α = 0.85, *r* = 0.60), occupational (α = 0.82, *r* = 0.78) and physical (α = 0.78, *r* = 0.49).
<table><caption>**Table 1**

Descriptive statistics of the several polar missions.</caption><thead><tr><td>Years of data gathering</td><td>Place of the polar mission</td><td>Number of participants</td><td>Gender (N females and N males)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2010–2011</td><td>Concordia</td><td>13</td><td>1 female and 12 males</td></tr><tr><td>2011–2012</td><td>Amsterdam</td><td>8</td><td>3 females and 5 males</td></tr><tr><td>2011–2012</td><td>Crozet</td><td>12</td><td>2 females and 10 males</td></tr><tr><td>2011–2012</td><td>Kerguelen</td><td>11</td><td>11 males</td></tr><tr><td>2012–2013</td><td>Amsterdam</td><td>4</td><td>1 female and 3 males</td></tr><tr><td>2012–2013</td><td>Concordia</td><td>15</td><td>4 females and 11 males</td></tr><tr><td>2012–2013</td><td>Crozet</td><td>4</td><td>2 females and 2 males</td></tr><tr><td>2012–2013</td><td>Kerguelen</td><td>1</td><td>1 female</td></tr><tr><td>2012–2013</td><td>Terre Adélie</td><td>11</td><td>2 females and 9 males</td></tr><tr><td>2013–2014</td><td>Amsterdam</td><td>10</td><td>1 female and 9 males</td></tr><tr><td>2013–2014</td><td>Concordia</td><td>11</td><td>11 males</td></tr><tr><td>2013–2014</td><td>Crozet</td><td>10</td><td>4 females and 6 males</td></tr><tr><td>2013–2014</td><td>Kerguelen</td><td>16</td><td>2 females and 14 males</td></tr><tr><td>2013–2014</td><td>Terre Adélie</td><td>14</td><td>2 females and 12 males</td></tr></tbody></table>

Tables 4 and 5 displays the means and standard deviations of all the study variables for the 14 polar missions in sub-Antarctic stations (Amsterdam, Crozet and Kerguelen) and Antarctic stations (Concordia and Terre Adélie) respectively. Based on the rationale that the present paper focused on the presentation and description of the data, all the psychological variables were averaged (representing the mean score of the several measurement points) in order to obtain a unique score of each psychological construct for each of the 14 polar missions. Finally, the final version of the ICE-Q is included in Table 6.

## 2. Experimental design, materials, and methods

Participants were winterers from several sub-Antarctic and Antarctic stations. The study protocol was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the European space agency, the Paul Emile Victor institute and the local institutional review board. After comprehensive verbal and written explanations of the study, all the subjects gave their written informed consent to participate. Participants were asked to return the completed questionnaires directly to the researchers within two days after receiving the battery in their personal email account. The questionnaires were sent and returned the first days that the respondents were on site and at 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and/or 12 months into the mission.

A battery of well-known and validated questionnaires was used to record the winterers' responses to polar stations. Because of the high workloads and psychological challenges of isolated, confined and extreme environments, shortened versions of the original scales were sometimes used. Participants completed the group environment scale (GES) [2] measuring cohesiveness, implementation and preparedness, and counterproductive activity, the job content questionnaire (JCQ) [3] assessing decision latitude, psychological job demands, social support from colleagues and supervisor, the Recovery Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ) [4] measuring balance between stress and recovery from physical, emotional, behavioral, and social perspectives, the boredom proneness scale (BPS) [5] assessing constraint, affective responses, perception of time, external and internal stimulation, the free time boredom scale (FTBS) [6] measuring the individual's perception of boredom in periods of leisure, the mindfulness attention awareness scale (MAAS) [7] assessing the cognitive, emotional, physical, and interpersonal domains of awareness in the present moment, the environment mastery scale and personal growth scale, retrieved from psychological well-being scales (PWBS) [8] assessing the capacity to effectively manage one's life and the surrounding environment and the individuals' perception of continuing personal development and openness to new experiences, a short questionnaire measuring primary and secondary appraisals [9], The brief COPE [10] assessing a wide variety of coping strategies used to deal with stress (acceptance, active coping, behavioral disengagement, denial, humor, planning, positive reframing, religious, self-blame, self-distraction, substance use, using emotional support, using instrumental support and venting), the defense style questionnaire [11] assessing a wide variety of
<table><caption>**Table 2**
Description of the initial questionnaire and content of the items.</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Dimension</th><th>Questionnaire</th><th>Formulation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Fatigue</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Fatigue</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Fatigue</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Lack of energy</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Lack of energy</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Lack of energy</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>General stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>General stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>General stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Social stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Social stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Social stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Emotional stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Emotional stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Emotional stress</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Conflicts/Pressure</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Conflicts/Pressure</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Conflicts/Pressure</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Physical Complaints</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Physical Complaints</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Physical Complaints</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Success</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Success</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Success</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Sleep Quality</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Sleep Quality</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Sleep Quality</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Physical Recovery</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Physical Recovery</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Physical Recovery</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>General Well-being</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>General Well-being</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>General Well-being</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Social Recovery</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Social Recovery</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Social Recovery</td><td>RESTQ</td><td>Copyright protected</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Cohesiveness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members feel a sense of belongingness to the group</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Cohesiveness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members show that they care for one another</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Cohesiveness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members can understand what others in the group are going through</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>Cohesiveness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members are supportive of one another</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>Cohesiveness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members encourage each other in reaching their goals</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Implementation-Preparedness</td><td>GES</td><td>The rules of the group are clearly understood by the members</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>Implementation-Preparedness</td><td>GES</td><td>The activities of the group are planned</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Implementation-Preparedness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group activities are easy to follow</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>Implementation-Preparedness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members learn new ways of solving problems</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>Implementation-Preparedness</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members are encouraged to act autonomously</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>Counterproductive Activity</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members sometimes yell at each other</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>Counterproductive Activity</td><td>GES</td><td>Group members are engaged in petty quarrels with one another</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>Counterproductive Activity</td><td>GES</td><td>The atmosphere of the group is often hostile</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>Counterproductive Activity</td><td>GES</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 2 (continued)**</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Dimension</th><th>Questionnaire</th><th>Formulation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>There seems to be a lot of tension between group members</td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>Decision Latitude</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My job requires me to be creative</td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>Decision Latitude</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My job allows me to make a lot of decisions on my own</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>Decision Latitude</td><td>JCQ</td><td>I have a lot of say about what happens on my job</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>Decision Latitude</td><td>JCQ</td><td>I get to do a variety of different things on my job</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>Decision Latitude</td><td>JCQ</td><td>I have an opportunity to develop my own special abilities</td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>job demands</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My job requires working very fast</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>job demands</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My job requires working very hard</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>job demands</td><td>JCQ</td><td>I receive conflicting demands that others make</td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>job demands</td><td>JCQ</td><td>I am asked to do an excessive amount of work</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>job demands</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My job requires long periods of intense concentration on the task</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>Coworker support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>People I work with are competent in doing their jobs</td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>Coworker support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>People I work with take a personal interest in me</td></tr><tr><td>63</td><td>Coworker support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>People I work with are friendly</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>Coworker support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>People I work with are helpful in getting the job done</td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>Supervisor support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My supervisor (or colleague) is concerned about the welfare of those under him</td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>Supervisor support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My supervisor (or colleague) pays attention to what I am saying</td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>Supervisor support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My supervisor (or colleague) is helpful in getting the job done</td></tr><tr><td>68</td><td>Supervisor support</td><td>JCQ</td><td>My supervisor (or colleague) is successful in getting people to work together</td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>Boredom</td><td>BPS</td><td>I would like more interesting things to do</td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>Boredom</td><td>BPS</td><td>Sometimes, it happens I feel boring</td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>Boredom</td><td>BPS</td><td>It takes a lot of change or variety to keep me really interested</td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>Boredom</td><td>BPS</td><td>I find it easy to occupy myself</td></tr><tr><td>73</td><td>Boredom</td><td>BPS</td><td>I can usually find something to do or see to keep me interested</td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>Monotony</td><td>FTBS</td><td>Many things I have to do are repetitive and monotonous</td></tr><tr><td>75</td><td>Monotony</td><td>FTBS</td><td>I have the feeling to always do the same thing</td></tr><tr><td>76</td><td>Monotony</td><td>FTBS</td><td>There is too much repetition in my activities</td></tr><tr><td>77</td><td>Lack of attention</td><td>MAAS</td><td>I find it difficult to stay focused on what's happening in the present</td></tr><tr><td>78</td><td>Lack of attention</td><td>MAAS</td><td>I do jobs or tasks automatically, without being aware of what I'm doing</td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>Lack of attention</td><td>MAAS</td><td>It seems I'm "running on automatic" without much awareness of what I'm doing</td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>Lack of attention</td><td>MAAS</td><td>I find myself doing things without paying attention</td></tr><tr><td>81</td><td>Lack of attention</td><td>MAAS</td><td>I do my activities quickly without attention</td></tr></tbody></table>

(continued on next page)
<table><caption>**Table 2 (continued)**</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Dimension</th><th>Questionnaire</th><th>Formulation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>82</td><td>Environmental mastery</td><td>EMS</td><td>I am quite good at managing the responsibilities I have</td></tr><tr><td>83</td><td>Environmental mastery</td><td>EMS</td><td>I am good at juggling my time so that I can fit everything in that needs to get done</td></tr><tr><td>84</td><td>Environmental mastery</td><td>EMS</td><td>I often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities</td></tr><tr><td>85</td><td>Environmental mastery</td><td>EMS</td><td>In general, I feel I have the control of the situation in which I am</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>Personal growth</td><td>PGS</td><td>I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world</td></tr><tr><td>87</td><td>Personal growth</td><td>PGS</td><td>I have the sense that I have developed as a person the last times</td></tr><tr><td>88</td><td>Personal growth</td><td>PGS</td><td>For me, this experience has been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth</td></tr><tr><td>89</td><td>Personal growth</td><td>PGS</td><td>I like to realise that things have changed in good way that last months</td></tr><tr><td>90</td><td>Personal growth</td><td>PGS</td><td>The last times, I feel that I continue to learn more about myself as time goes by</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>**Table 3**

Results of exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation including all the items of the preliminary version of the ICE-Q.</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>Factor 1</th><th>Factor 2</th><th>Factor 3</th><th>Factor 4</th><th>h<sup>2</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Item 1</td><td>-.15</td><td>.19</td><td>-.20</td><td>-.02</td><td>.10</td></tr><tr><td>Item 2</td><td>.13</td><td>.55</td><td>-.16</td><td>-.13</td><td>.36</td></tr><tr><td>Item 3</td><td>.00</td><td>.57</td><td>-.24</td><td>-.16</td><td>.41</td></tr><tr><td>Item 4</td><td>-.10</td><td>.48</td><td>-.24</td><td>.05</td><td>.30</td></tr><tr><td>Item 5</td><td>-.07</td><td>.63</td><td>-.30</td><td>-.01</td><td>.50</td></tr><tr><td>Item 6</td><td>-.17</td><td>.43</td><td>-.10</td><td>.11</td><td>.23</td></tr><tr><td>Item 7</td><td>-.16</td><td>.52</td><td>-.13</td><td>-.14</td><td>.33</td></tr><tr><td>Item 8</td><td>-.14</td><td>.58</td><td>.09</td><td>.07</td><td>.37</td></tr><tr><td>Item 9</td><td>-.19</td><td>.41</td><td>-.05</td><td>-.07</td><td>.21</td></tr><tr><td>Item 10</td><td>-.30</td><td>.62</td><td>.16</td><td>.18</td><td>.53</td></tr><tr><td>Item 11</td><td>-.31</td><td>.61</td><td>.16</td><td>.14</td><td>.51</td></tr><tr><td>Item 12</td><td>-.32</td><td>.59</td><td>.19</td><td>.19</td><td>.52</td></tr><tr><td>Item 13</td><td>-.14</td><td>.56</td><td>.11</td><td>.07</td><td>.35</td></tr><tr><td>Item 14</td><td>-.28</td><td>.44</td><td>.06</td><td>.02</td><td>.28</td></tr><tr><td>Item 15</td><td>-.30</td><td>.59</td><td>.13</td><td>-.01</td><td>.46</td></tr><tr><td>Item 16</td><td>-.16</td><td>.60</td><td>.13</td><td>.11</td><td>.42</td></tr><tr><td>Item 17</td><td>.03</td><td>.39</td><td>.23</td><td>.04</td><td>.21</td></tr><tr><td>Item 18</td><td>.19</td><td>.34</td><td>.23</td><td>.16</td><td>.23</td></tr><tr><td>Item 19</td><td>.08</td><td>.48</td><td>-.12</td><td>-.02</td><td>.25</td></tr><tr><td>Item 20</td><td>.04</td><td>.29</td><td>-.09</td><td>.05</td><td>.10</td></tr><tr><td>Item 21</td><td>.10</td><td>.49</td><td>-.20</td><td>.09</td><td>.30</td></tr><tr><td>Item 22</td><td>.19</td><td>-.04</td><td>.36</td><td>-.11</td><td>.18</td></tr><tr><td>Item 23</td><td>.09</td><td>-.13</td><td>.54</td><td>-.03</td><td>.32</td></tr><tr><td>Item 24</td><td>.17</td><td>-.13</td><td>.52</td><td>-.18</td><td>.36</td></tr><tr><td>Item 25</td><td>.35</td><td>-.11</td><td>.26</td><td>.13</td><td>.22</td></tr><tr><td>Item 26</td><td>.30</td><td>-.10</td><td>.25</td><td>.14</td><td>.19</td></tr><tr><td>Item 27</td><td>.43</td><td>.02</td><td>.08</td><td>.25</td><td>.26</td></tr><tr><td>Item 28</td><td>.35</td><td>-.39</td><td>.27</td><td>.14</td><td>.36</td></tr><tr><td>Item 29</td><td>.34</td><td>-.34</td><td>.17</td><td>.12</td><td>.27</td></tr><tr><td>Item 30</td><td>.23</td><td>-.42</td><td>.40</td><td>.03</td><td>.39</td></tr><tr><td>Item 31</td><td>.55</td><td>-.35</td><td>.18</td><td>.06</td><td>.47</td></tr><tr><td>Item 32</td><td>.58</td><td>-.40</td><td>.14</td><td>.10</td><td>.52</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 3 (continued)**</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>Factor 1</th><th>Factor 2</th><th>Factor 3</th><th>Factor 4</th><th>h<sup>2</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Item 33</td><td>.49</td><td>-.37</td><td>.17</td><td>.12</td><td>.42</td></tr><tr><td>Item 34</td><td>.63</td><td>-.16</td><td>.05</td><td>.13</td><td>.44</td></tr><tr><td>Item 35</td><td>.61</td><td>-.22</td><td>-.02</td><td>.09</td><td>.43</td></tr><tr><td>Item 36</td><td>.58</td><td>-.28</td><td>.13</td><td>.19</td><td>.46</td></tr><tr><td>Item 37</td><td>.71</td><td>.09</td><td>.11</td><td>-.27</td><td>.59</td></tr><tr><td>Item 38</td><td>.77</td><td>-.08</td><td>-.06</td><td>-.13</td><td>.62</td></tr><tr><td>Item 39</td><td>.73</td><td>.15</td><td>.06</td><td>.00</td><td>.56</td></tr><tr><td>Item 40</td><td>.78</td><td>.04</td><td>.04</td><td>-.10</td><td>.62</td></tr><tr><td>Item 41</td><td>.74</td><td>-.09</td><td>-.01</td><td>-.14</td><td>.57</td></tr><tr><td>Item 42</td><td>.59</td><td>.03</td><td>.03</td><td>-.08</td><td>.36</td></tr><tr><td>Item 43</td><td>.42</td><td>.08</td><td>.10</td><td>.05</td><td>.19</td></tr><tr><td>Item 44</td><td>.71</td><td>-.04</td><td>-.03</td><td>-.07</td><td>.50</td></tr><tr><td>Item 45</td><td>.68</td><td>.02</td><td>.06</td><td>-.08</td><td>.48</td></tr><tr><td>Item 46</td><td>.46</td><td>.29</td><td>.16</td><td>.24</td><td>.37</td></tr><tr><td>Item 47</td><td>-.40</td><td>.10</td><td>.07</td><td>.32</td><td>.28</td></tr><tr><td>Item 48</td><td>-.39</td><td>.30</td><td>.14</td><td>.46</td><td>.48</td></tr><tr><td>Item 49</td><td>-.55</td><td>.18</td><td>.09</td><td>.42</td><td>.52</td></tr><tr><td>Item 50</td><td>-.56</td><td>.26</td><td>.10</td><td>.38</td><td>.54</td></tr><tr><td>Item 51</td><td>.26</td><td>.27</td><td>.46</td><td>-.46</td><td>.56</td></tr><tr><td>Item 52</td><td>.18</td><td>.04</td><td>.59</td><td>.17</td><td>.42</td></tr><tr><td>Item 53</td><td>.15</td><td>.11</td><td>.49</td><td>.05</td><td>.27</td></tr><tr><td>Item 54</td><td>.15</td><td>.18</td><td>.46</td><td>-.54</td><td>.56</td></tr><tr><td>Item 55</td><td>.09</td><td>.12</td><td>.31</td><td>-.57</td><td>.45</td></tr><tr><td>Item 56</td><td>.18</td><td>.21</td><td>.45</td><td>-.43</td><td>.46</td></tr><tr><td>Item 57</td><td>.18</td><td>.40</td><td>.52</td><td>-.50</td><td>.71</td></tr><tr><td>Item 58</td><td>-.20</td><td>.48</td><td>.07</td><td>-.23</td><td>.33</td></tr><tr><td>Item 59</td><td>-.19</td><td>.41</td><td>.27</td><td>-.47</td><td>.49</td></tr><tr><td>Item 60</td><td>.03</td><td>.40</td><td>.40</td><td>-.50</td><td>.56</td></tr><tr><td>Item 61</td><td>.64</td><td>.03</td><td>.10</td><td>.13</td><td>.44</td></tr><tr><td>Item 62</td><td>.68</td><td>-.05</td><td>.10</td><td>.03</td><td>.47</td></tr><tr><td>Item 63</td><td>.62</td><td>-.05</td><td>.09</td><td>.02</td><td>.40</td></tr><tr><td>Item 64</td><td>.68</td><td>.00</td><td>.16</td><td>-.07</td><td>.49</td></tr><tr><td>Item 65</td><td>.57</td><td>-.13</td><td>.28</td><td>.01</td><td>.42</td></tr><tr><td>Item 66</td><td>.45</td><td>-.18</td><td>.29</td><td>.08</td><td>.32</td></tr><tr><td>Item 67</td><td>.52</td><td>-.08</td><td>.24</td><td>-.02</td><td>.34</td></tr><tr><td>Item 68</td><td>.57</td><td>-.12</td><td>.14</td><td>-.07</td><td>.36</td></tr><tr><td>Item 69</td><td>.05</td><td>.22</td><td>.16</td><td>.61</td><td>.45</td></tr><tr><td>Item 70</td><td>.23</td><td>.44</td><td>-.03</td><td>.52</td><td>.51</td></tr><tr><td>Item 71</td><td>.21</td><td>.16</td><td>.27</td><td>.45</td><td>.34</td></tr><tr><td>Item 72</td><td>.03</td><td>.00</td><td>-.61</td><td>.12</td><td>.39</td></tr><tr><td>Item 73</td><td>-.06</td><td>.05</td><td>-.58</td><td>.12</td><td>.36</td></tr><tr><td>Item 74</td><td>-.03</td><td>.14</td><td>.17</td><td>.77</td><td>.64</td></tr><tr><td>Item 75</td><td>.02</td><td>.34</td><td>.10</td><td>.72</td><td>.65</td></tr><tr><td>Item 76</td><td>-.04</td><td>.20</td><td>.05</td><td>.78</td><td>.65</td></tr><tr><td>Item 77</td><td>-.04</td><td>.50</td><td>-.25</td><td>.15</td><td>.34</td></tr><tr><td>Item 78</td><td>.02</td><td>.48</td><td>-.09</td><td>.24</td><td>.29</td></tr><tr><td>Item 79</td><td>.12</td><td>.46</td><td>-.05</td><td>.31</td><td>.33</td></tr><tr><td>Item 80</td><td>.15</td><td>.39</td><td>-.17</td><td>.44</td><td>.40</td></tr><tr><td>Item 81</td><td>.04</td><td>.46</td><td>-.14</td><td>.19</td><td>.27</td></tr><tr><td>Item 82</td><td>.04</td><td>-.18</td><td>.67</td><td>.01</td><td>.48</td></tr><tr><td>Item 83</td><td>.03</td><td>.07</td><td>.59</td><td>-.10</td><td>.37</td></tr><tr><td>Item 84</td><td>-.07</td><td>-.55</td><td>-.03</td><td>.00</td><td>.31</td></tr><tr><td>Item 85</td><td>.12</td><td>-.09</td><td>.67</td><td>-.00</td><td>.47</td></tr><tr><td>Item 86</td><td>.21</td><td>-.03</td><td>.47</td><td>.36</td><td>.39</td></tr><tr><td>Item 87</td><td>-.06</td><td>-.04</td><td>.67</td><td>.22</td><td>.50</td></tr><tr><td>Item 88</td><td>.06</td><td>-.19</td><td>.53</td><td>.00</td><td>.32</td></tr><tr><td>Item 89</td><td>.11</td><td>-.15</td><td>.65</td><td>.13</td><td>.47</td></tr><tr><td>Item 90</td><td>-.01</td><td>-.10</td><td>.63</td><td>.19</td><td>.44</td></tr></tbody></table>

Note. h² = communalities.
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 1. Results of confirmatory factor analysis of the ICE-Q scores (4-factor 19-item final version).</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 2.** Results of exploratory structural equation modelling of the ICE-Q scores (4-factor 19-item final version). Notes. Black lines refer to the hypothesized paths between latent constructs and items whereas grey lines refer to the non-targeted paths between latent constructs and items. For ease of presentation, the hypothesized standardized factor loadings were presented whereas the non-targeted standardized factor loadings were not presented ($M_{non-targeted standardised factor loadings} = 0.11, SD = 0.06, MIN = 0.01, MAX = 0.26$).</figcaption></figure>
<caption>**Table 4**</caption>

Descriptive statistics for all the study variables across each of the 9 polar missions in Sub-Antarctic stations (Amsterdam, Crozet, Kerguelen).

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Polar missions</th><th colspan="2">Amsterdam<br>11-12 (n = 14)</th><th colspan="2">Amsterdam<br>12-13 (n = 19)</th><th colspan="2">Amsterdam<br>13-14 (n = 40)</th><th colspan="2">Crozet<br>11-12 (n = 21)</th><th colspan="2">Crozet<br>12-13 (n = 13)</th><th colspan="2">Crozet<br>13-14 (n = 38)</th><th colspan="2">Kerguelen<br>11-12<br>(n = 15)</th><th colspan="2">Kerguelen<br>12-13<br>(n = 7)</th><th colspan="2">Kerguelen<br>13-14<br>(n = 43)</th></tr><tr><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Physical (ICE-Q)</td><td>2.54</td><td>0.65</td><td>2.40</td><td>0.38</td><td>2.35</td><td>0.68</td><td>2.58</td><td>0.52</td><td>2.89</td><td>0.77</td><td>2.58</td><td>0.67</td><td>2.12</td><td>0.35</td><td>2.29</td><td>0.43</td><td>2.29</td><td>0.56</td></tr><tr><td>Social3 (ICE-Q)</td><td>3.51</td><td>0.52</td><td>3.29</td><td>0.81</td><td>3.89</td><td>0.76</td><td>4.37</td><td>0.56</td><td>3.23</td><td>0.85</td><td>3.37</td><td>0.56</td><td>3.83</td><td>0.62</td><td>5.17</td><td>0.62</td><td>4.27</td><td>0.60</td></tr><tr><td>Occupational (ICE-Q)</td><td>2.68</td><td>0.88</td><td>2.69</td><td>0.94</td><td>2.33</td><td>0.99</td><td>3.31</td><td>1.29</td><td>3.10</td><td>1.06</td><td>2.43</td><td>0.86</td><td>2.60</td><td>0.72</td><td>1.07</td><td>0.12</td><td>3.10</td><td>0.73</td></tr><tr><td>Psychological (ICE-Q)</td><td>2.43</td><td>0.62</td><td>2.07</td><td>0.88</td><td>2.84</td><td>0.73</td><td>2.42</td><td>0.91</td><td>2.35</td><td>0.87</td><td>2.59</td><td>0.53</td><td>2.38</td><td>0.94</td><td>2.37</td><td>0.57</td><td>2.36</td><td>0.80</td></tr><tr><td>Stress (RESTQ)</td><td>2.14</td><td>0.50</td><td>1.66</td><td>0.38</td><td>2.13</td><td>0.56</td><td>2.09</td><td>0.55</td><td>2.43</td><td>0.68</td><td>2.19</td><td>0.37</td><td>1.83</td><td>0.50</td><td>2.13</td><td>0.30</td><td>2.06</td><td>0.41</td></tr><tr><td>Recovery (RESTQ)</td><td>4.11</td><td>0.54</td><td>4.64</td><td>0.35</td><td>4.51</td><td>0.46</td><td>4.42</td><td>0.49</td><td>4.16</td><td>0.56</td><td>4.14</td><td>0.39</td><td>4.30</td><td>0.49</td><td>4.88</td><td>0.17</td><td>4.59</td><td>0.42</td></tr><tr><td>Cohesiveness (GES)</td><td>3.80</td><td>0.63</td><td>3.23</td><td>0.77</td><td>4.03</td><td>0.80</td><td>4.50</td><td>0.57</td><td>3.34</td><td>0.88</td><td>3.54</td><td>0.62</td><td>3.96</td><td>0.82</td><td>5.26</td><td>0.65</td><td>4.45</td><td>0.61</td></tr><tr><td>Implementation/preparedness (GES)</td><td>3.47</td><td>0.44</td><td>3.43</td><td>0.78</td><td>4.02</td><td>0.64</td><td>4.22</td><td>0.80</td><td>3.18</td><td>0.76</td><td>3.33</td><td>0.49</td><td>3.76</td><td>0.51</td><td>4.29</td><td>0.30</td><td>4.16</td><td>0.59</td></tr><tr><td>Counterproductive activity GES</td><td>1.93</td><td>0.83</td><td>2.05</td><td>1.16</td><td>1.84</td><td>0.78</td><td>2.07</td><td>0.85</td><td>1.98</td><td>0.92</td><td>1.79</td><td>0.74</td><td>2.43</td><td>0.68</td><td>1.25</td><td>0.32</td><td>1.51</td><td>0.49</td></tr><tr><td>Decision latitude (JCQ)</td><td>3.79</td><td>1.04</td><td>4.32</td><td>0.83</td><td>3.96</td><td>0.73</td><td>4.67</td><td>1.07</td><td>4.40</td><td>1.10</td><td>3.76</td><td>0.59</td><td>4.17</td><td>1.09</td><td>4.40</td><td>0.16</td><td>4.36</td><td>0.73</td></tr><tr><td>Psychological job demands (JCQ)</td><td>2.53</td><td>0.76</td><td>2.54</td><td>0.90</td><td>2.18</td><td>0.86</td><td>3.02</td><td>1.15</td><td>2.94</td><td>0.95</td><td>2.26</td><td>0.75</td><td>2.57</td><td>0.59</td><td>1.11</td><td>0.11</td><td>2.79</td><td>0.61</td></tr><tr><td>Social support from colleagues (JCQ)</td><td>4.52</td><td>0.36</td><td>4.71</td><td>0.83</td><td>4.71</td><td>0.64</td><td>5.29</td><td>0.58</td><td>4.87</td><td>0.83</td><td>4.38</td><td>0.88</td><td>4.40</td><td>0.92</td><td>5.79</td><td>0.17</td><td>4.96</td><td>0.61</td></tr><tr><td>Social support from supervisor (JCQ)</td><td>4.20</td><td>1.39</td><td>4.37</td><td>0.81</td><td>4.06</td><td>0.97</td><td>5.18</td><td>0.76</td><td>4.23</td><td>1.04</td><td>3.77</td><td>1.33</td><td>3.70</td><td>1.24</td><td>5.57</td><td>0.31</td><td>3.92</td><td>1.17</td></tr><tr><td>Depressive symptoms (BDI-II)</td><td>2.71</td><td>2.40</td><td>1.91</td><td>1.81</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>5.10</td><td>4.25</td><td>4.09</td><td>2.43</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>3.13</td><td>2.07</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.73</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Boredom (BPS)</td><td>2.43</td><td>0.65</td><td>2.19</td><td>0.78</td><td>2.56</td><td>0.81</td><td>2.11</td><td>0.62</td><td>2.32</td><td>0.51</td><td>2.50</td><td>0.64</td><td>2.35</td><td>0.70</td><td>2.57</td><td>0.35</td><td>2.53</td><td>0.65</td></tr><tr><td>Monotony (FTBS)</td><td>2.52</td><td>0.68</td><td>2.14</td><td>0.90</td><td>2.90</td><td>0.84</td><td>2.48</td><td>1.00</td><td>2.33</td><td>0.92</td><td>2.67</td><td>0.68</td><td>2.27</td><td>1.10</td><td>2.10</td><td>0.60</td><td>2.38</td><td>0.83</td></tr><tr><td>Lack of attention (MAAS)</td><td>2.31</td><td>0.67</td><td>1.52</td><td>0.45</td><td>1.85</td><td>0.77</td><td>1.88</td><td>0.69</td><td>1.55</td><td>0.46</td><td>1.86</td><td>0.60</td><td>2.04</td><td>0.91</td><td>1.40</td><td>0.31</td><td>1.93</td><td>0.71</td></tr><tr><td>Environment mastery (PWBS)</td><td>4.52</td><td>0.62</td><td>4.75</td><td>0.53</td><td>4.85</td><td>0.63</td><td>5.02</td><td>0.67</td><td>4.31</td><td>0.74</td><td>4.45</td><td>0.93</td><td>4.98</td><td>0.61</td><td>5.46</td><td>0.30</td><td>4.74</td><td>0.55</td></tr><tr><td>Personal growth (PWBS)</td><td>3.94</td><td>1.43</td><td>4.73</td><td>1.05</td><td>4.20</td><td>0.96</td><td>4.57</td><td>0.75</td><td>4.29</td><td>0.70</td><td>3.77</td><td>0.79</td><td>3.72</td><td>0.36</td><td>4.97</td><td>0.51</td><td>4.20</td><td>0.73</td></tr><tr><td>Primary appraisal</td><td>1.98</td><td>0.77</td><td>1.50</td><td>0.59</td><td>1.95</td><td>0.79</td><td>2.11</td><td>0.82</td><td>2.42</td><td>0.92</td><td>2.08</td><td>0.81</td><td>2.16</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.64</td><td>0.52</td><td>1.91</td><td>0.75</td></tr><tr><td>Secondary appraisal</td><td>4.50</td><td>0.56</td><td>4.89</td><td>0.51</td><td>4.70</td><td>0.71</td><td>5.14</td><td>0.50</td><td>4.49</td><td>0.98</td><td>4.61</td><td>0.69</td><td>4.73</td><td>0.78</td><td>5.43</td><td>0.31</td><td>4.81</td><td>0.57</td></tr><tr><td>Optimism (LOT-R)</td><td>4.50</td><td>0.67</td><td>4.50</td><td>0.82</td><td>4.33</td><td>0.76</td><td>4.71</td><td>0.58</td><td>4.36</td><td>0.74</td><td>3.99</td><td>0.58</td><td>4.77</td><td>0.64</td><td>5.57</td><td>0.44</td><td>4.71</td><td>0.63</td></tr><tr><td>Coping strategies (brief COPE)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Self-distraction</td><td>3.14</td><td>0.72</td><td>2.45</td><td>0.83</td><td>3.16</td><td>1.14</td><td>3.13</td><td>1.11</td><td>2.92</td><td>0.86</td><td>2.79</td><td>1.10</td><td>3.43</td><td>0.65</td><td>2.86</td><td>0.38</td><td>2.83</td><td>1.26</td></tr><tr><td>Active coping</td><td>2.57</td><td>1.04</td><td>4.53</td><td>1.30</td><td>4.11</td><td>0.93</td><td>2.60</td><td>0.82</td><td>4.19</td><td>1.05</td><td>3.80</td><td>1.23</td><td>2.46</td><td>0.95</td><td>4.14</td><td>0.94</td><td>3.76</td><td>0.85</td></tr><tr><td>Denial</td><td>2.89</td><td>0.81</td><td>1.18</td><td>0.42</td><td>1.81</td><td>0.83</td><td>3.12</td><td>1.19</td><td>1.77</td><td>0.78</td><td>1.42</td><td>0.56</td><td>3.57</td><td>0.83</td><td>1.93</td><td>0.73</td><td>1.93</td><td>0.87</td></tr><tr><td>Substance use</td><td>2.50</td><td>1.06</td><td>1.24</td><td>0.42</td><td>1.54</td><td>0.89</td><td>2.90</td><td>0.98</td><td>1.92</td><td>0.81</td><td>1.92</td><td>0.88</td><td>3.21</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>1.44</td><td>0.59</td></tr><tr><td>Use of emotional support</td><td>2.32</td><td>1.25</td><td>3.18</td><td>1.36</td><td>2.60</td><td>0.71</td><td>2.10</td><td>0.78</td><td>2.92</td><td>0.93</td><td>3.07</td><td>1.03</td><td>2.04</td><td>0.60</td><td>2.64</td><td>0.48</td><td>2.48</td><td>1.04</td></tr><tr><td>Use of instrumental support</td><td>3.89</td><td>0.84</td><td>3.61</td><td>1.16</td><td>2.90</td><td>0.96</td><td>4.10</td><td>0.93</td><td>3.88</td><td>0.89</td><td>3.34</td><td>1.16</td><td>4.21</td><td>0.61</td><td>3.57</td><td>1.54</td><td>3.01</td><td>0.79</td></tr><tr><td>Behavioral disengagement</td><td>2.79</td><td>0.61</td><td>1.16</td><td>0.37</td><td>1.46</td><td>0.70</td><td>2.81</td><td>0.98</td><td>1.88</td><td>0.98</td><td>1.37</td><td>0.45</td><td>2.93</td><td>0.76</td><td>1.14</td><td>0.38</td><td>1.45</td><td>0.54</td></tr><tr><td>Venting</td><td>2.54</td><td>0.63</td><td>2.76</td><td>1.35</td><td>2.56</td><td>0.65</td><td>2.19</td><td>0.81</td><td>3.08</td><td>0.81</td><td>3.20</td><td>1.01</td><td>2.61</td><td>0.86</td><td>2.36</td><td>0.56</td><td>2.52</td><td>0.80</td></tr><tr><td>Positive reframing</td><td>3.43</td><td>0.85</td><td>3.79</td><td>1.65</td><td>3.46</td><td>1.29</td><td>3.24</td><td>1.16</td><td>4.35</td><td>1.01</td><td>3.57</td><td>1.18</td><td>3.46</td><td>0.66</td><td>4.00</td><td>1.53</td><td>3.83</td><td>1.40</td></tr><tr><td>Planning</td><td>2.57</td><td>0.92</td><td>4.21</td><td>0.90</td><td>3.79</td><td>0.98</td><td>2.29</td><td>0.85</td><td>3.88</td><td>1.19</td><td>3.54</td><td>1.18</td><td>2.71</td><td>0.70</td><td>4.93</td><td>0.89</td><td>3.93</td><td>0.77</td></tr><tr><td>Humor</td><td>3.36</td><td>0.86</td><td>3.97</td><td>0.92</td><td>3.46</td><td>1.24</td><td>3.29</td><td>1.21</td><td>3.65</td><td>1.48</td><td>3.66</td><td>1.06</td><td>3.54</td><td>0.69</td><td>4.57</td><td>0.79</td><td>4.18</td><td>0.87</td></tr><tr><td>Acceptance</td><td>3.36</td><td>0.86</td><td>4.21</td><td>1.17</td><td>4.40</td><td>0.99</td><td>4.02</td><td>1.28</td><td>4.69</td><td>0.95</td><td>3.86</td><td>1.09</td><td>3.79</td><td>1.01</td><td>5.71</td><td>0.49</td><td>4.53</td><td>0.69</td></tr><tr><td>Religion</td><td>1.50</td><td>0.39</td><td>1.53</td><td>0.95</td><td>1.49</td><td>0.91</td><td>1.40</td><td>0.66</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>1.36</td><td>0.73</td><td>1.29</td><td>0.43</td><td>1.07</td><td>0.19</td><td>1.65</td><td>1.14</td></tr><tr><td>Self-blame</td><td>3.54</td><td>0.95</td><td>2.45</td><td>0.86</td><td>2.97</td><td>0.89</td><td>4.00</td><td>1.55</td><td>2.77</td><td>1.13</td><td>2.47</td><td>0.72</td><td>3.93</td><td>0.96</td><td>1.07</td><td>0.19</td><td>2.76</td><td>0.77</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><thead><tr><th colspan="15">Defense mechanisms (DSQ)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Displacement</td><td>1.82</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.16</td><td>0.47</td><td>1.70</td><td>0.74</td><td>2.07</td><td>1.09</td><td>1.81</td><td>0.52</td><td>1.64</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.68</td><td>0.67</td><td>1.21</td><td>0.27</td><td>1.89</td><td>0.77</td></tr><tr><td>Acting out</td><td>2.36</td><td>1.12</td><td>1.45</td><td>0.52</td><td>1.98</td><td>0.86</td><td>3.26</td><td>1.52</td><td>2.62</td><td>1.00</td><td>2.22</td><td>0.95</td><td>2.32</td><td>0.77</td><td>1.07</td><td>0.19</td><td>2.04</td><td>0.86</td></tr><tr><td>Passive aggressiveness</td><td>1.68</td><td>0.50</td><td>1.11</td><td>0.32</td><td>1.49</td><td>0.79</td><td>1.71</td><td>0.75</td><td>1.77</td><td>0.67</td><td>1.36</td><td>0.48</td><td>1.71</td><td>0.61</td><td>1.07</td><td>0.19</td><td>1.35</td><td>0.43</td></tr><tr><td>Undoing</td><td>1.50</td><td>0.55</td><td>1.08</td><td>0.19</td><td>1.58</td><td>0.69</td><td>1.69</td><td>0.68</td><td>2.08</td><td>0.95</td><td>1.74</td><td>0.72</td><td>1.62</td><td>0.89</td><td>1.07</td><td>0.19</td><td>1.35</td><td>0.51</td></tr><tr><td>Projection</td><td>1.79</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.18</td><td>0.38</td><td>1.55</td><td>0.72</td><td>1.60</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.62</td><td>0.22</td><td>1.46</td><td>0.47</td><td>1.57</td><td>0.68</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>1.29</td><td>0.41</td></tr><tr><td>Splitting of other</td><td>2.39</td><td>0.88</td><td>1.11</td><td>0.21</td><td>2.33</td><td>0.92</td><td>2.05</td><td>0.93</td><td>2.00</td><td>0.68</td><td>1.64</td><td>0.79</td><td>2.00</td><td>1.18</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>1.92</td><td>0.72</td></tr><tr><td>Rationalization</td><td>3.07</td><td>0.83</td><td>3.16</td><td>0.47</td><td>3.03</td><td>0.64</td><td>3.38</td><td>0.72</td><td>3.08</td><td>0.79</td><td>2.64</td><td>0.53</td><td>3.46</td><td>0.66</td><td>2.79</td><td>0.49</td><td>3.19</td><td>0.58</td></tr><tr><td>Denial</td><td>2.68</td><td>1.17</td><td>1.55</td><td>0.55</td><td>2.23</td><td>0.71</td><td>2.17</td><td>0.59</td><td>2.42</td><td>0.70</td><td>2.12</td><td>0.72</td><td>2.50</td><td>1.06</td><td>1.64</td><td>0.94</td><td>2.25</td><td>0.99</td></tr><tr><td>Dissociation</td><td>2.29</td><td>0.85</td><td>1.55</td><td>0.50</td><td>2.33</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.98</td><td>0.80</td><td>1.96</td><td>0.95</td><td>1.91</td><td>0.82</td><td>2.18</td><td>0.77</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>2.31</td><td>0.96</td></tr><tr><td>Devaluation of other</td><td>1.32</td><td>0.42</td><td>1.03</td><td>0.11</td><td>1.51</td><td>0.66</td><td>1.31</td><td>0.43</td><td>1.31</td><td>0.60</td><td>1.47</td><td>0.58</td><td>1.46</td><td>0.37</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>1.33</td><td>0.45</td></tr><tr><td>Fantasy</td><td>2.04</td><td>0.80</td><td>1.18</td><td>0.38</td><td>1.83</td><td>0.84</td><td>1.79</td><td>0.99</td><td>1.92</td><td>0.86</td><td>1.67</td><td>0.65</td><td>1.68</td><td>0.80</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>1.66</td><td>0.58</td></tr><tr><td>Isolation</td><td>2.75</td><td>0.91</td><td>1.84</td><td>0.58</td><td>2.97</td><td>1.07</td><td>2.88</td><td>1.09</td><td>2.23</td><td>0.56</td><td>2.20</td><td>0.77</td><td>3.11</td><td>0.81</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>2.90</td><td>0.70</td></tr><tr><td>Altruism</td><td>4.04</td><td>1.23</td><td>4.63</td><td>0.57</td><td>4.14</td><td>0.99</td><td>4.43</td><td>1.09</td><td>4.77</td><td>1.01</td><td>3.54</td><td>0.84</td><td>4.43</td><td>0.73</td><td>5.21</td><td>0.57</td><td>3.86</td><td>1.02</td></tr><tr><td>Reaction formation</td><td>2.71</td><td>0.89</td><td>3.42</td><td>1.29</td><td>3.16</td><td>1.08</td><td>3.90</td><td>1.16</td><td>3.54</td><td>1.14</td><td>3.27</td><td>0.85</td><td>2.89</td><td>1.13</td><td>3.86</td><td>1.11</td><td>3.26</td><td>0.89</td></tr><tr><td>Suppression</td><td>2.93</td><td>0.68</td><td>2.11</td><td>0.76</td><td>2.76</td><td>0.94</td><td>3.52</td><td>0.73</td><td>3.92</td><td>0.73</td><td>2.30</td><td>0.79</td><td>2.86</td><td>0.89</td><td>2.71</td><td>1.52</td><td>2.68</td><td>0.79</td></tr><tr><td>Idealization</td><td>1.96</td><td>1.10</td><td>1.18</td><td>0.38</td><td>2.43</td><td>1.29</td><td>2.14</td><td>0.94</td><td>2.58</td><td>1.22</td><td>1.73</td><td>0.68</td><td>1.96</td><td>0.93</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>2.09</td><td>0.76</td></tr><tr><td>Repression</td><td>3.61</td><td>0.92</td><td>4.11</td><td>0.86</td><td>3.99</td><td>1.00</td><td>4.38</td><td>1.14</td><td>3.92</td><td>0.76</td><td>3.09</td><td>0.99</td><td>4.11</td><td>0.86</td><td>4.50</td><td>1.04</td><td>4.06</td><td>0.78</td></tr><tr><td>Humor</td><td>3.93</td><td>1.04</td><td>4.45</td><td>0.88</td><td>4.61</td><td>0.83</td><td>4.33</td><td>1.04</td><td>4.69</td><td>1.01</td><td>4.03</td><td>0.94</td><td>4.46</td><td>0.77</td><td>5.29</td><td>0.39</td><td>4.16</td><td>0.79</td></tr><tr><td>Anticipation</td><td>3.36</td><td>0.74</td><td>3.76</td><td>0.93</td><td>3.34</td><td>0.75</td><td>4.29</td><td>0.98</td><td>4.27</td><td>0.81</td><td>3.09</td><td>0.95</td><td>4.04</td><td>1.08</td><td>3.36</td><td>1.52</td><td>3.70</td><td>0.82</td></tr><tr><td>Sublimation</td><td>3.00</td><td>0.94</td><td>3.82</td><td>0.75</td><td>3.54</td><td>1.00</td><td>3.74</td><td>1.00</td><td>3.73</td><td>0.86</td><td>2.90</td><td>1.12</td><td>3.25</td><td>1.07</td><td>3.79</td><td>1.11</td><td>3.27</td><td>1.00</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. ICE-Q = isolated and confined environments questionnaire, GES = group environment scale, JCQ = job content questionnaire, RESTQ = Recovery Stress Questionnaire, BPS = boredom proneness scale, FTBS = free time boredom scale, MAAS = mindfulness attention awareness scale, PWBS = psychological well-being scales, COPE = multidimensional coping inventory, DSQ = defense style questionnaire, BDI-II = Beck depression inventory-II, LOT-R = life orientation test-revised.
<caption>**Table 5**</caption>

Descriptive statistics for all the study variables across each of the 5 polar missions in Antarctic stations (Concordia and Terre Adélie).

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">polar missions</th><th colspan="2">Concordia<br>10-11 (n = 83)</th><th colspan="2">Concordia<br>12-13 (n = 69)</th><th colspan="2">Concordia<br>13-14 (n = 32)</th><th colspan="2">Terre Adélie<br>12-13 (n = 48)</th><th colspan="2">Terre Adélie<br>13-14 (n = 37)</th></tr><tr><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Physical (ICE-Q)</td><td>2,68</td><td>0,70</td><td>2,82</td><td>0,68</td><td>3,15</td><td>0,79</td><td>2,78</td><td>0,83</td><td>2,98</td><td>0,76</td></tr><tr><td>Social (ICE-Q)</td><td>3,63</td><td>0,95</td><td>3,15</td><td>0,82</td><td>3,04</td><td>0,94</td><td>3,95</td><td>0,64</td><td>3,84</td><td>0,66</td></tr><tr><td>Occupational (ICE-Q)</td><td>2,85</td><td>1,06</td><td>3,17</td><td>0,97</td><td>3,21</td><td>1,09</td><td>3,08</td><td>1,20</td><td>2,52</td><td>0,81</td></tr><tr><td>Psychological (ICE-Q)</td><td>2,92</td><td>1,03</td><td>2,43</td><td>0,82</td><td>2,45</td><td>0,73</td><td>2,77</td><td>0,91</td><td>2,60</td><td>0,68</td></tr><tr><td>Stress (RESTQ)</td><td>2,07</td><td>0,53</td><td>2,22</td><td>0,51</td><td>2,15</td><td>0,44</td><td>2,17</td><td>0,65</td><td>2,17</td><td>0,48</td></tr><tr><td>Recovery (RESTQ)</td><td>4,29</td><td>0,58</td><td>4,06</td><td>0,53</td><td>3,85</td><td>0,73</td><td>4,42</td><td>0,68</td><td>4,02</td><td>0,60</td></tr><tr><td>Cohesiveness (GES)</td><td>3,61</td><td>0,91</td><td>3,27</td><td>0,89</td><td>3,19</td><td>0,93</td><td>3,94</td><td>0,61</td><td>4,02</td><td>0,70</td></tr><tr><td>Implementation/ preparedness (GES)</td><td>3,80</td><td>0,90</td><td>3,12</td><td>0,79</td><td>3,08</td><td>0,77</td><td>4,19</td><td>0,55</td><td>3,83</td><td>0,57</td></tr><tr><td>Counterproductive activity GES</td><td>2,24</td><td>1,06</td><td>2,44</td><td>1,04</td><td>2,13</td><td>1,03</td><td>1,43</td><td>0,41</td><td>1,38</td><td>0,44</td></tr><tr><td>Decision latitude (JCQ)</td><td>4,30</td><td>0,74</td><td>4,22</td><td>1,03</td><td>4,03</td><td>0,90</td><td>4,16</td><td>1,31</td><td>3,63</td><td>0,83</td></tr><tr><td>Psychological job demands (JCQ)</td><td>2,62</td><td>0,98</td><td>2,91</td><td>0,94</td><td>3,07</td><td>0,99</td><td>2,85</td><td>0,95</td><td>2,33</td><td>0,69</td></tr><tr><td>Social support from colleagues (JCQ)</td><td>4,44</td><td>0,82</td><td>4,10</td><td>1,04</td><td>3,89</td><td>1,08</td><td>4,88</td><td>0,73</td><td>4,24</td><td>0,96</td></tr><tr><td>Social support from supervisor (JCQ)</td><td>3,99</td><td>1,32</td><td>3,75</td><td>1,19</td><td>3,06</td><td>1,20</td><td>4,14</td><td>1,02</td><td>3,84</td><td>0,90</td></tr><tr><td>Depressive symptoms (BDI-II)</td><td>3,13</td><td>3,01</td><td>4,32</td><td>3,81</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>5,65</td><td>5,29</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Boredom (BPS)</td><td>2,93</td><td>0,58</td><td>2,50</td><td>0,66</td><td>2,48</td><td>0,60</td><td>2,40</td><td>0,92</td><td>2,44</td><td>0,55</td></tr><tr><td>Monotony (FTBS)</td><td>2,81</td><td>1,13</td><td>2,37</td><td>0,98</td><td>2,39</td><td>0,82</td><td>2,86</td><td>0,95</td><td>2,76</td><td>0,88</td></tr><tr><td>Lack of attention (MAAS)</td><td>1,78</td><td>0,58</td><td>1,63</td><td>0,57</td><td>1,60</td><td>0,54</td><td>1,78</td><td>0,69</td><td>1,96</td><td>0,60</td></tr><tr><td>Environment mastery (PWBS)</td><td>4,80</td><td>0,58</td><td>4,87</td><td>0,69</td><td>4,60</td><td>0,64</td><td>4,76</td><td>0,83</td><td>4,44</td><td>0,56</td></tr><tr><td>Personal growth (PWBS)</td><td>4,05</td><td>0,95</td><td>4,29</td><td>1,02</td><td>3,70</td><td>0,73</td><td>4,04</td><td>1,16</td><td>3,71</td><td>0,72</td></tr><tr><td>Primary appraisal</td><td>1,83</td><td>0,84</td><td>1,99</td><td>0,75</td><td>2,01</td><td>0,83</td><td>2,15</td><td>0,86</td><td>1,94</td><td>0,57</td></tr><tr><td>Secondary appraisal</td><td>4,91</td><td>0,54</td><td>4,86</td><td>0,60</td><td>4,85</td><td>0,78</td><td>4,85</td><td>0,73</td><td>4,62</td><td>0,59</td></tr><tr><td>Optimism (LOT-R)</td><td>4,59</td><td>0,64</td><td>4,50</td><td>0,72</td><td>4,13</td><td>0,54</td><td>4,10</td><td>0,80</td><td>4,05</td><td>0,67</td></tr><tr><td>Coping strategies (brief COPE)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Self-distraction</td><td>2,86</td><td>0,88</td><td>3,38</td><td>1,10</td><td>2,58</td><td>1,19</td><td>2,88</td><td>0,92</td><td>2,49</td><td>1,02</td></tr><tr><td>Active coping</td><td>2,85</td><td>0,98</td><td>4,28</td><td>1,04</td><td>3,55</td><td>1,15</td><td>3,85</td><td>1,42</td><td>3,76</td><td>1,35</td></tr><tr><td>Denial</td><td>2,98</td><td>0,78</td><td>1,70</td><td>0,80</td><td>1,38</td><td>0,68</td><td>1,93</td><td>0,85</td><td>1,53</td><td>0,60</td></tr><tr><td>Substance use</td><td>2,48</td><td>0,95</td><td>1,57</td><td>1,01</td><td>1,22</td><td>0,47</td><td>1,84</td><td>1,18</td><td>1,25</td><td>0,50</td></tr><tr><td>Use of emotional support</td><td>1,46</td><td>0,52</td><td>2,61</td><td>1,06</td><td>2,42</td><td>1,05</td><td>3,09</td><td>1,45</td><td>2,58</td><td>1,07</td></tr><tr><td>Use of instrumental support</td><td>3,49</td><td>0,89</td><td>2,86</td><td>1,23</td><td>2,86</td><td>0,94</td><td>3,11</td><td>1,17</td><td>2,92</td><td>1,16</td></tr><tr><td>Behavioral disengagement</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Venting</td><td>1,74</td><td>0,66</td><td>2,44</td><td>1,05</td><td>2,45</td><td>1,15</td><td>2,93</td><td>1,40</td><td>2,50</td><td>1,02</td></tr><tr><td>Positive reframing</td><td>2,80</td><td>1,01</td><td>4,07</td><td>1,13</td><td>3,59</td><td>1,52</td><td>3,66</td><td>1,39</td><td>3,26</td><td>1,20</td></tr><tr><td>Planning</td><td>2,01</td><td>1,08</td><td>4,13</td><td>1,16</td><td>3,33</td><td>1,05</td><td>3,76</td><td>1,48</td><td>3,75</td><td>1,19</td></tr><tr><td>Humor</td><td>3,11</td><td>0,96</td><td>3,47</td><td>1,17</td><td>3,47</td><td>1,34</td><td>3,09</td><td>1,34</td><td>3,10</td><td>1,12</td></tr><tr><td>Acceptance</td><td>3,65</td><td>1,33</td><td>4,28</td><td>1,22</td><td>4,09</td><td>1,51</td><td>4,30</td><td>1,48</td><td>4,17</td><td>1,13</td></tr><tr><td>Religion</td><td>1,59</td><td>1,13</td><td>1,93</td><td>1,30</td><td>1,67</td><td>1,09</td><td>1,31</td><td>0,60</td><td>1,74</td><td>1,11</td></tr><tr><td>Self-blame</td><td>3,73</td><td>1,20</td><td>2,25</td><td>0,98</td><td>2,05</td><td>0,78</td><td>2,35</td><td>1,00</td><td>2,38</td><td>0,72</td></tr><tr><td>Defense mechanisms (DSQ)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Displacement</td><td>1,72</td><td>0,78</td><td>1,72</td><td>0,82</td><td>1,59</td><td>0,70</td><td>2,03</td><td>1,21</td><td>1,65</td><td>0,50</td></tr><tr><td>Acting out</td><td>2,51</td><td>0,81</td><td>2,24</td><td>0,88</td><td>1,97</td><td>0,73</td><td>2,63</td><td>1,36</td><td>2,12</td><td>0,75</td></tr><tr><td>Passive aggressiveness</td><td>1,55</td><td>0,70</td><td>1,62</td><td>0,71</td><td>1,69</td><td>0,66</td><td>1,36</td><td>0,43</td><td>1,65</td><td>0,48</td></tr><tr><td>Undoing</td><td>1,30</td><td>0,55</td><td>1,49</td><td>0,65</td><td>1,38</td><td>0,58</td><td>1,61</td><td>0,81</td><td>1,72</td><td>0,57</td></tr><tr><td>Projection</td><td>1,40</td><td>0,49</td><td>1,62</td><td>0,62</td><td>1,52</td><td>0,55</td><td>1,45</td><td>0,61</td><td>1,46</td><td>0,36</td></tr><tr><td>Splitting of other</td><td>1,88</td><td>0,80</td><td>2,09</td><td>0,92</td><td>1,59</td><td>0,72</td><td>1,96</td><td>0,95</td><td>1,59</td><td>0,58</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>**Table 5 (continued)**</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">polar missions</th><th colspan="2">Concordia<br>10–11 (n = 83)</th><th colspan="2">Concordia<br>12–13 (n = 69)</th><th colspan="2">Concordia<br>13–14 (n = 32)</th><th colspan="2">Terre Adélie<br>12–13 (n = 48)</th><th colspan="2">Terre Adélie<br>13–14 (n = 37)</th></tr><tr><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th><th>M</th><th>SD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Rationalization</td><td>3,28</td><td>0,86</td><td>3,16</td><td>0,80</td><td>3,58</td><td>1,12</td><td>3,11</td><td>0,82</td><td>2,88</td><td>0,58</td></tr><tr><td>Denial</td><td>1,82</td><td>0,67</td><td>2,26</td><td>0,92</td><td>2,11</td><td>0,81</td><td>1,97</td><td>0,64</td><td>2,07</td><td>0,72</td></tr><tr><td>Dissociation</td><td>2,37</td><td>1,31</td><td>2,34</td><td>1,04</td><td>2,08</td><td>1,15</td><td>2,30</td><td>0,85</td><td>1,95</td><td>0,86</td></tr><tr><td>Devaluation of other</td><td>1,26</td><td>0,55</td><td>1,41</td><td>0,60</td><td>1,25</td><td>0,54</td><td>1,51</td><td>0,66</td><td>1,36</td><td>0,42</td></tr><tr><td>Fantasy</td><td>1,57</td><td>0,92</td><td>1,61</td><td>0,74</td><td>1,47</td><td>0,67</td><td>1,60</td><td>0,70</td><td>1,68</td><td>0,72</td></tr><tr><td>Isolation</td><td>2,51</td><td>1,30</td><td>2,24</td><td>0,96</td><td>2,42</td><td>0,85</td><td>2,46</td><td>0,99</td><td>2,55</td><td>1,01</td></tr><tr><td>Altruism</td><td>4,10</td><td>1,02</td><td>3,54</td><td>1,09</td><td>3,33</td><td>0,95</td><td>3,63</td><td>0,95</td><td>3,78</td><td>0,87</td></tr><tr><td>Reaction formation</td><td>2,66</td><td>0,96</td><td>3,01</td><td>1,19</td><td>2,81</td><td>0,81</td><td>2,79</td><td>0,86</td><td>3,19</td><td>0,77</td></tr><tr><td>Suppression</td><td>2,25</td><td>1,02</td><td>2,64</td><td>1,08</td><td>2,16</td><td>0,84</td><td>2,70</td><td>1,00</td><td>2,46</td><td>0,84</td></tr><tr><td>Idealization</td><td>1,71</td><td>0,82</td><td>2,19</td><td>1,23</td><td>1,42</td><td>0,62</td><td>2,42</td><td>0,97</td><td>1,88</td><td>0,90</td></tr><tr><td>Repression</td><td>3,46</td><td>1,03</td><td>3,68</td><td>0,83</td><td>3,59</td><td>0,90</td><td>3,62</td><td>0,80</td><td>3,62</td><td>0,72</td></tr><tr><td>Humor</td><td>4,35</td><td>0,95</td><td>4,15</td><td>1,07</td><td>4,41</td><td>1,04</td><td>3,93</td><td>1,26</td><td>3,66</td><td>0,55</td></tr><tr><td>Anticipation</td><td>3,56</td><td>1,15</td><td>3,63</td><td>0,90</td><td>3,50</td><td>0,88</td><td>3,50</td><td>1,05</td><td>3,72</td><td>0,74</td></tr><tr><td>Sublimation</td><td>3,45</td><td>1,18</td><td>3,70</td><td>1,17</td><td>2,84</td><td>1,01</td><td>3,49</td><td>1,28</td><td>3,12</td><td>0,99</td></tr></tbody></table>

Notes. ICE-Q = isolated and confined environments questionnaire, GES = group environment scale, JCQ = job content questionnaire, RESTQ = Recovery Stress Questionnaire, BPS = boredom proneness scale, FTBS = free time boredom scale, MAAS = mindfulness attention awareness scale, PWBS = psychological well-being scales, COPE = multidimensional coping inventory, DSQ = defense style questionnaire, BDI-II = Beck depression inventory-II, LOT-R = life orientation test-revised.

individual's conscious derivatives of defense mechanisms (acting-out, altruism, anticipation, denial, devaluation of other, displacement, dissociation, fantasy, humor, idealization, isolation, passive aggressive, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, repression, splitting of other, sublimation, suppression, undoing), the Beck depression inventory-II [12] measuring depressive symptoms such as sadness, crying, and indecisiveness, and the life orientation test-revised [13] assessing dispositional optimism. It is noteworthy that the items of the preliminary version of the ICE-Q were comprised of the GES, JCQ, RESTQ, BPS, FTBS, MAAS, and PWBS items.

<table><caption>**Table 6**
ICE-Q questionnaire.</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>1</th><th>2</th><th>3</th><th>4</th><th>5</th><th>6</th></tr><tr><th></th><th>never</th><th>seldom</th><th>sometimes</th><th>often</th><th>more often</th><th>always</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1. Group members can understand what others in the group are going through</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>2. My job requires working very fast</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>3. I did not get enough sleep</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>4. I would like more interesting things to do</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>5. Group members are supportive of one another</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>6. My job requires working very hard</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>7. I feel physically relaxed</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>8. Many things I have to do are repetitive and monotonous</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>9. Group activities are easy to follow</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>10. I am asked to do too much work</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>11. I am dead tired after work</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>12. Sometimes, I feel bored</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>13. Group members learn new ways of solving problems</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>14. My job requires long periods of intense concentration on the task</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>15. I feel physically fit</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>16. I feel that I am doing the same thing over and over</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>17. Group members encourage each other in reaching their goals</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>18. I am overtired</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>19. There is too much repetition in my activities</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr></tbody></table>
## Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the participants who completed, and the physicians who administered this research protocol during several wintering, the French Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor, the European space agency and the Canadian space agency. The work reported in this paper was funded by research grants from the university and the region of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, France.

## Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

## Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105324.

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