Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa. ²⁷South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town 7505, South Africa. ²⁸Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and SAMRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7505, South Africa. ²⁹Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ³⁰Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich 85748, Germany. ³¹Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30329, USA. *A full list of consortium members appears at the end of the paper.

Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Naomi R. Wray³²,³³, Stephan Ripke³⁴,³⁵,³⁶, Manuel Mattheisen³⁷,³⁸,³⁹,⁴⁰, Maciej Trzaskowski³²,
Enda M. Byrne³², Abdel Abdellaoui⁴¹, Mark J. Adams⁴², Esben Agerbo⁴⁰,⁴³,⁴⁴, Tracy M. Air⁴⁵,
Till F.M. Andlauer¹,⁴⁶, Silviu-Alin Bacanu⁴⁷, Marie Bækvad-Hansen⁴⁰,⁴⁸, Aartjan T.F. Beekman⁴⁹,
Tim B. Bigdeli⁴⁷,⁵⁰, Douglas H.R. Blackwood⁴², Julien Bryois⁵¹, Henriette N. Buttenschøn³⁹,⁴⁰,⁵²,
Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm⁴⁰,⁴⁸, Na Cai⁵³,⁵⁴, Enrique Castelao⁵⁵, Jane Hvarregaard Christensen³⁸,³⁹,⁴⁰,
Toni-Kim Clarke⁴², Jonathan R.I. Coleman⁵⁶, Lucía Colodro-Conde⁵⁷, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne⁵⁸,⁵⁹,
Nick Craddock⁶⁰, Gregory E. Crawford⁶¹,⁶², Gail Davies⁶³, Ian J. Deary⁶³, Franziska Degenhardt⁶⁴,⁶⁵,
Eske M. Derks⁵⁷, Nese Direk⁶⁶,⁶⁷, Conor V. Dolan⁴¹, Erin C. Dunn⁶⁸,⁶⁹,⁷⁰, Thalia C. Eley⁵⁶,
Valentina Escott-Price⁷¹, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh⁷², Hilary K. Finucane⁵⁸,⁷³,
Andreas J. Forstner⁶⁴,⁶⁵,⁷⁴,⁷⁵, Josef Frank⁷⁶, Héléna A. Gaspar⁵⁶, Michael Gill⁷⁷, Fernando S. Goes⁷⁸,
Scott D. Gordon⁷⁹, Jakob Grove³⁸,³⁹,⁴⁰,⁸⁰, Lynsey S. Hall⁴²,⁸¹, Christine Søholm Hansen⁴⁰,⁴⁸,
Thomas F. Hansen⁸²,⁸³,⁸⁴, Stefan Herms⁶⁴,⁶⁵,⁷⁵, Ian B. Hickie⁸⁵, Per Hoffmann⁴⁷,⁶⁴,⁶⁵, Georg Homuth⁸⁶,
Carsten Horn⁸⁷, Jouke-Jan Hottenga⁴¹, David M. Hougaard⁴⁰,⁴⁸, Marcus Ising⁸⁸, Rick Jansen⁴⁹,
Eric Jorgenson⁸⁹, James A. Knowles⁹⁰, Isaac S. Kohane⁹¹,⁹²,⁹³, Julia Kraft³⁵, Warren W. Kretzschmar⁹⁴,
Jesper Krogh⁹⁵, Zoltán Kutalik⁹⁶,⁹⁷, Yihan Li⁹⁴, Penelope A. Lind⁵⁷, Donald J. MacIntyre⁹⁸,⁹⁹,
Dean F. MacKinnon⁷⁸, Robert M. Maier³³, Wolfgang Maier¹⁰⁰, Jonathan Marchini¹⁰¹, Hamdi Mbarek⁴¹,
Patrick McGrath¹⁰², Peter McGuffin⁵⁶, Sarah E. Medland⁵⁷, Divya Mehta³³,¹⁰³, Christel M. Middeldorp⁴¹,¹⁰⁴,¹⁰⁵,
Evelin Mihailov¹⁰⁶, Yuri Milaneschi⁴⁹, Lili Milani¹⁰⁶, Francis M. Mondimore⁷⁸, Grant W. Montgomery³³,
Sara Mostafavi¹⁰⁷,¹⁰⁸, Niamh Mullins⁵⁶, Matthias Nauck¹⁰⁹,¹¹⁰, Bernard Ng¹⁰⁸, Michel G. Nivard⁴¹,
Dale R. Nyholt¹¹¹, Paul F. O'Reilly⁵⁶, Hogni Oskarsson¹¹², Michael J. Owen¹¹³, Jodie N. Painter⁵⁷,
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen⁴⁰,⁴³,⁴⁴, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen⁴⁰,⁴³,⁴⁴, Roseann E. Peterson⁴⁷,¹¹⁴, Erik Pettersson⁵¹,
Wouter J. Peyrot⁴⁹, Giorgio Pistis⁵⁵, Danielle Posthuma¹¹⁵,¹¹⁶, Jorge A. Quiroz¹¹⁷, Per Qvist³⁸,³⁹,⁴⁰,
John P. Rice¹¹⁸, Brien P. Riley⁴⁷, Margarita Rivera⁵⁶,¹¹⁹, Saira Saeed Mirza⁶⁶, Robert Schoevers¹²⁰,
Eva C. Schulte¹²¹,¹²², Ling Shen⁸⁹, Jianxin Shi¹²³, Stanley I. Shyn¹²⁴, Engilbert Sigurdsson¹²⁵,
Grant C.B. Sinnamon¹²⁶, Johannes H. Smit⁴⁹, Daniel J. Smith¹²⁷, Hreinn Stefansson¹²⁸, Stacy Steinberg¹²⁸,
Fabian Streit⁷⁶, Jana Strohmaier⁷⁶, Katherine E. Tansey¹²⁹, Henning Teismann¹³⁰, Alexander Teumer¹³¹,
Wesley Thompson⁴⁰,⁸³,¹³²,¹³³, Pippa A. Thomson¹³², Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson¹²⁸, Matthew Traylor¹³⁴,
Jens Treutlein⁷⁶, Vassily Trubetskoy³⁵, André G. Uitterlinden¹³⁵, Daniel Umbricht¹³⁶, Sandra Van der Auwera¹³⁷,
Albert M. van Hemert¹³⁸, Alexander Viktorin⁵¹, Peter M. Visscher³²,³³, Yunpeng Wang⁴⁰,⁸³,¹³³,
Bradley T. Webb¹³⁹, Shantel Marie Weinsheimer⁴⁰,⁸³, Jürgen Wellmann¹³⁰, Gonneke Willemse⁴¹,
Stephanie H. Witt⁷⁶, Yang Wu³², Hualin S. Xi¹⁴⁰, Jian Yang³³,¹⁴¹, Futao Zhang³², Volker Arolt¹⁴²,
Bernhard T. Baune⁴⁵, Klaus Berger¹³⁰, Dorret I. Boomsma⁴¹, Sven Cichon⁶⁴,⁷⁵,¹⁴³,¹⁴⁴, Udo Dannlowski¹⁴²,
E.J.C. de Geus¹⁰,¹⁴⁵, J. Raymond DePaulo⁷⁸, Enrico Domenici¹⁴⁶, Katharina Domschke¹⁴⁷, Tõnu Esko³⁶,¹⁰⁶,
Hans J. Grabe¹³⁷, Steven P. Hamilton¹⁴⁸, Caroline Hayward¹⁴⁹, Andrew C. Heath¹¹⁸, Kenneth S. Kendler⁴⁷,
Stefan Kloiber⁸⁸,¹⁵⁰,¹⁵¹, Glyn Lewis¹⁵², Qingqin S. Li¹⁵³, Susanne Lucae⁸⁸, Pamela A.F. Madden¹¹⁸,
Patrik K. Magnusson⁵¹, Nicholas G. Martin⁷⁹, Andrew M. McIntosh⁴²,⁶³, Andres Metspalu¹⁰⁶,¹⁵⁴,
Ole Mors⁴⁰,¹⁵⁵, Preben Bo Mortensen³⁹,⁴⁰,⁴³,⁴⁴, Bertram Müller-Myhsok¹,⁴⁶,¹⁵⁶, Merete Nordentoft⁴⁰,¹⁵⁷,
Markus M. Nöthen⁶⁴,⁶⁵, Michael C. O'Donovan¹¹³, Sara A. Paciga¹⁵⁸, Nancy L. Pedersen⁵¹,
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx⁴⁹, Roy H. Perlis⁶⁸,¹⁵⁹, David J. Porteous¹⁶⁰, James B. Potash¹⁶¹, Martin Preisig⁵⁵, Marcella Rietschel⁷⁶, Catherine Schaefer⁸⁹, Thomas G. Schulze⁷⁶,¹²²,¹⁶²,¹⁶³,¹⁶⁴, Jordan W. Smoller⁶⁸,⁶⁹,⁷⁰, Kari Stefansson¹⁵⁵,¹⁶⁵, Henning Tiemeier⁶⁶,¹⁶⁶,¹⁶⁷, Rudolf Uher¹⁶⁸, Henry Völzke¹³¹, Myrna M. Weissman¹⁰²,¹⁶⁹, Thomas Werge⁴⁰,⁸³,¹⁷⁰, Cathryn M. Lewis⁵⁶,¹⁷¹, Douglas F. Levinson¹⁷², Gerome Breen⁵⁶,¹⁷³, Anders D. Børglum³⁸,³⁹,⁴⁰ & Patrick F. Sullivan⁵¹,¹⁷⁴,¹⁷⁵

³²Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 QLD, Australia. ³³Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 QLD, Australia. ³⁴Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

³⁵Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin 14129, Germany. ³⁶Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ³⁷Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177 SE, Sweden. ³⁸Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ³⁹iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ⁴⁰iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ⁴¹Department of Biological Psychology & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, Netherlands. ⁴²Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. ⁴³Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark. ⁴⁴National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark. ⁴⁵Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000 SA, Australia. ⁴⁶Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany. ⁴⁷Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 22903, USA. ⁴⁸Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark. ⁴⁹Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 NL, Netherlands. ⁵⁰Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. ⁵¹Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177 SE, Sweden.

⁵²Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8240, Denmark. ⁵³Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK. ⁵⁴Statistical genomics and systems genetics, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK. ⁵⁵Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Vaud 1004, Switzerland. ⁵⁶MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK. ⁵⁷Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006 QLD, Australia. ⁵⁸Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072 QLD, Australia.

⁵⁹Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072 QLD, Australia. ⁶⁰Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. ⁶¹Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA. ⁶²Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. ⁶³Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. ⁶⁴Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127 DE, Germany. ⁶⁵Life & Brain Center, Department of Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany. ⁶⁶Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 Zuid-Holland, Netherlands. ⁶⁷Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine, Izmir 35220, Turkey. ⁶⁸Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ⁶⁹Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ⁷⁰Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ⁷¹Neuroscience and Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.

⁷²Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4S6 BC, Canada. ⁷³Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ⁷⁴Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland. ⁷⁵Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland. ⁷⁶Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159 Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

⁷⁷Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. ⁷⁸Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ⁷⁹Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006 QLD, Australia. ⁸⁰Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ⁸¹Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, England. ⁸²Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark. ⁸³Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen 4000, Denmark. ⁸⁴iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen 8000, Denmark. ⁸⁵Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050 NSW, Australia.

⁸⁶Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald 17489 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. ⁸⁷Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland. ⁸⁸Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany. ⁸⁹Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. ⁹⁰Psychiatry & The Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. ⁹¹Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ⁹²Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ⁹³Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ⁹⁴Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.

⁹⁵Department of Endocrinology at Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2730, Denmark. ⁹⁶Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, VD 1010, Switzerland. ⁹⁷Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, VD 1015, Switzerland. ⁹⁸Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK. ⁹⁹Mental Health, NHS 24, Glasgow G12 0XH, UK. ¹⁰⁰Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany. ¹⁰¹Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK. ¹⁰²Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. ¹⁰³School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia. ¹⁰⁴Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. ¹⁰⁵Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia. ¹⁰⁶Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51005, Estonia. ¹⁰⁷Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. ¹⁰⁸Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ¹⁰⁹DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17489, Germany. ¹¹⁰Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17489, Germany. ¹¹¹Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia. ¹¹²Humus, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ¹¹³MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK. ¹¹⁴Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.

¹¹⁵Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, Netherlands. ¹¹⁶Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands. ¹¹⁷Solid Biosciences, Boston, MA 02139, USA. ¹¹⁸Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx⁴⁹, Roy H. Perlis⁶⁸,¹⁵⁹, David J. Porteous¹⁶⁰, James B. Potash¹⁶¹, Martin Preisig⁵⁵, Marcella Rietschel⁷⁶, Catherine Schaefer⁸⁹, Thomas G. Schulze⁷⁶,¹²²,¹⁶²,¹⁶³,¹⁶⁴, Jordan W. Smoller⁶⁸,⁶⁹,⁷⁰, Kari Stefansson¹⁵⁵,¹⁶⁵, Henning Tiemeier⁶⁶,¹⁶⁶,¹⁶⁷, Rudolf Uher¹⁶⁸, Henry Völzke¹³¹, Myrna M. Weissman¹⁰²,¹⁶⁹, Thomas Werge⁴⁰,⁸³,¹⁷⁰, Cathryn M. Lewis⁵⁶,¹⁷¹, Douglas F. Levinson¹⁷², Gerome Breen⁵⁶,¹⁷³, Anders D. Børglum³⁸,³⁹,⁴⁰ & Patrick F. Sullivan⁵¹,¹⁷⁴,¹⁷⁵

³²Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 QLD, Australia. ³³Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072 QLD, Australia. ³⁴Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

³⁵Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin 14129, Germany. ³⁶Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ³⁷Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177 SE, Sweden. ³⁸Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ³⁹iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ⁴⁰iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ⁴¹Department of Biological Psychology & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, Netherlands. ⁴²Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. ⁴³Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark. ⁴⁴National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark. ⁴⁵Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000 SA, Australia. ⁴⁶Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany. ⁴⁷Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 22903, USA. ⁴⁸Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark. ⁴⁹Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 NL, Netherlands. ⁵⁰Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. ⁵¹Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177 SE, Sweden.

⁵²Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8240, Denmark. ⁵³Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK. ⁵⁴Statistical genomics and systems genetics, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, CB10 1 SD, UK. ⁵⁵Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Vaud 1004, Switzerland. ⁵⁶MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK. ⁵⁷Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006 QLD, Australia. ⁵⁸Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072 QLD, Australia.

⁵⁹Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072 QLD, Australia. ⁶⁰Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. ⁶¹Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA. ⁶²Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. ⁶³Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. ⁶⁴Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127 DE, Germany. ⁶⁵Life & Brain Center, Department of Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany. ⁶⁶Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 Zuid-Holland, Netherlands. ⁶⁷Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School Of Medicine, Izmir 35220, Turkey. ⁶⁸Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ⁶⁹Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ⁷⁰Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ⁷¹Neuroscience and Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.

⁷²Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4S6 BC, Canada. ⁷³Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ⁷⁴Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland. ⁷⁵Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland. ⁷⁶Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159 Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

⁷⁷Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. ⁷⁸Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ⁷⁹Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006 QLD, Australia. ⁸⁰Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ⁸¹Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, England. ⁸²Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark. ⁸³Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen 4000, Denmark. ⁸⁴iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen 8000, Denmark. ⁸⁵Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050 NSW, Australia.

⁸⁶Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald 17489 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. ⁸⁷Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland. ⁸⁸Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany. ⁸⁹Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. ⁹⁰Psychiatry & The Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. ⁹¹Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ⁹²Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ⁹³Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ⁹⁴Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.

⁹⁵Department of Endocrinology at Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2730, Denmark. ⁹⁶Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, VD 1010, Switzerland. ⁹⁷Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, VD 1015, Switzerland. ⁹⁸Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK. ⁹⁹Mental Health, NHS 24, Glasgow G12 0XH, UK. ¹⁰⁰Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany. ¹⁰¹Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK. ¹⁰²Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. ¹⁰³School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia. ¹⁰⁴Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. ¹⁰⁵Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia. ¹⁰⁶Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51005, Estonia. ¹⁰⁷Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. ¹⁰⁸Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ¹⁰⁹DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17489, Germany. ¹¹⁰Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17489, Germany. ¹¹¹Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia. ¹¹²Humus, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ¹¹³MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK. ¹¹⁴Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.

¹¹⁵Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, Netherlands. ¹¹⁶Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands. ¹¹⁷Solid Biosciences, Boston, MA 02139, USA. ¹¹⁸Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. ¹¹⁹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada CP 18100, Spain. ¹²⁰Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands. ¹²¹Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80336, Germany. ¹²²Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80336, Germany. ¹²³Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ¹²⁴Behavioral Health Services, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. ¹²⁵Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ¹²⁶School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. ¹²⁷Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK. ¹²⁸deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.

¹²⁹College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4EP, UK. ¹³⁰Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen 48149, Germany. ¹³¹Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17489, Germany. ¹³²Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. ¹³³KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norway Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway. ¹³⁴Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. ¹³⁵Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland 3015, Netherlands.

¹³⁶Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland. ¹³⁷Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17475, Germany. ¹³⁸Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. ¹³⁹Virginia Institute of Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. ¹⁴⁰Computational Sciences Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ¹⁴¹Institute for Molecular Bioscience; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. ¹⁴²Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen 48149, Germany. ¹⁴³Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland. ¹⁴⁴Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich 52425, Germany.

¹⁴⁵Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, Netherlands. ¹⁴⁶Centre for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige 38123, Italy. ¹⁴⁷Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany. ¹⁴⁸Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. ¹⁴⁹Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. ¹⁵⁰Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. ¹⁵¹Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada. ¹⁵²Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK. ¹⁵³Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA. ¹⁵⁴Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. ¹⁵⁵Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus 8200, Denmark. ¹⁵⁶University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. ¹⁵⁷Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark. ¹⁵⁸Human Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA. ¹⁵⁹Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ¹⁶⁰Medical Genetics Section, CGEM, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. ¹⁶¹Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA. ¹⁶²Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

¹⁶³Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen 37075, Germany. ¹⁶⁴Human Genetics Branch, NIMH Division of Intramural Research Programs, Bethesda, MD 20892-9663, USA. ¹⁶⁵Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ¹⁶⁶Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland 3015, Netherlands. ¹⁶⁷Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland 3015, Netherlands. ¹⁶⁸Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada. ¹⁶⁹Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. ¹⁷⁰Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark. ¹⁷¹Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK. ¹⁷²Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5717, USA. ¹⁷³NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK. ¹⁷⁴Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. ¹⁷⁵Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. ¹¹⁹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada CP 18100, Spain. ¹²⁰Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands. ¹²¹Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80336, Germany. ¹²²Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80336, Germany. ¹²³Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ¹²⁴Behavioral Health Services, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. ¹²⁵Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ¹²⁶School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. ¹²⁷Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK. ¹²⁸deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.

¹²⁹College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4EP, UK. ¹³⁰Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen 48149, Germany. ¹³¹Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17489, Germany. ¹³²Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. ¹³³KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norway Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway. ¹³⁴Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. ¹³⁵Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland 3015, Netherlands.

¹³⁶Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland. ¹³⁷Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 17475, Germany. ¹³⁸Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. ¹³⁹Virginia Institute of Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. ¹⁴⁰Computational Sciences Center of Emphasis, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ¹⁴¹Institute for Molecular Bioscience; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. ¹⁴²Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen 48149, Germany. ¹⁴³Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland. ¹⁴⁴Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich 52425, Germany.

¹⁴⁵Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, Netherlands. ¹⁴⁶Centre for Integrative Biology, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige 38123, Italy. ¹⁴⁷Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany. ¹⁴⁸Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. ¹⁴⁹Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. ¹⁵⁰Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. ¹⁵¹Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada. ¹⁵²Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK. ¹⁵³Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA. ¹⁵⁴Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. ¹⁵⁵Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus 8200, Denmark. ¹⁵⁶University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. ¹⁵⁷Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark. ¹⁵⁸Human Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA. ¹⁵⁹Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ¹⁶⁰Medical Genetics Section, CGEM, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. ¹⁶¹Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA. ¹⁶²Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

¹⁶³Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen 37075, Germany. ¹⁶⁴Human Genetics Branch, NIMH Division of Intramural Research Programs, Bethesda, MD 20892-9663, USA. ¹⁶⁵Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. ¹⁶⁶Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland 3015, Netherlands. ¹⁶⁷Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland 3015, Netherlands. ¹⁶⁸Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada. ¹⁶⁹Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. ¹⁷⁰Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark. ¹⁷¹Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK. ¹⁷²Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5717, USA. ¹⁷³NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK. ¹⁷⁴Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. ¹⁷⁵Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA