$$ feed_{(C_i, T)} = \frac{\sum_{j=1}^{n} (Qty\_feed_{(j, C)} \times D_j)}{\sum_{j=1}^{n} D_j} $$

<caption>Equation 7.2: Percentage of feed consumption by animals in category</caption>

Where:

<table><tr><td>A<sub>(P, T)</sub></td><td>Allocation Factor applied to Product/Co-product P of animal category T</td></tr><tr><td>%F<sub>(C, i)</sub></td><td>Percentage of Feed consumed by animal category T, animal class C, %</td></tr><tr><td>Qty\_feed<sub>(j, C)</sub></td><td>Quantity of Feed consumed by the animal class C in category T, kg/head/d</td></tr><tr><td>P</td><td>Product/Co-product</td></tr><tr><td>T</td><td>Category</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>Class</td></tr><tr><td>i</td><td>Average Proportional of Feed Consumption rate i, used when different amount of is given at different time to a given animal class C</td></tr><tr><td>j</td><td>Duration of feeding for animals in Class C.</td></tr></table>

It is worth to mention that this calculation is only applied for pigs in the breeding sow category. Allocation rule for pigs in the post weaning and fattening stage is 100% to products obtained from these stages.

The allocation factor is applied to all types of impacts caused in each stage. These impacts include emissions produced (such as NH₃, N₂O, NO, NO₃⁻ and CH₄), resources consumed (water and energy); building materials used, as well as land use (both occupation and transformation). The following table shows the impact categories and allocation rule applied in each stage.

<table><caption>Table 7.1: Allocation Systems to product and co-products in each Animal Category</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Impact Category</th><th rowspan="2">Resources</th><th colspan="3">Allocation Factor</th></tr><tr><th>Breeding Sows (Products and Co-Products)</th><th>Post-weaning Stage (Products)</th><th>Fattening Stage (Products)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="6">1. Emissions</td><td>NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>Equation 6.1</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>N<sub>2</sub>O direct</td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>N<sub>2</sub>O Indirect</td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>NO</td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>CH<sub>4</sub></td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">2. Resource Use</td><td>Energy Consumption</td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>Water Consumption</td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>Land use</td><td>Ditto.</td><td>100%</td><td>100%</td></tr></tbody></table>

### 7.1.2 Parameters used for the calculation of Allocation factor

For biophysical allocation, the method is based on the quantity of animal feed consumed by each animal class and type of product or co-product obtained from each category considered. Based on AGRIBALYSE method, the following rule has been applied:

- Piglets: 25% and 60% of total feed consumed by gestating and lactating sows respectively,

- Culled sows: 75%, 40% and 100% of total feed consumed by gestating sows, lactating sows and gilts respectively.

- Pigs that come out from post-weaning stage share 100% of the total impact of the stage

- Pigs that come out from fattening stage share 100% of the impacts of the stage.

## 7.2 Impact Assessment

In this project, no particular study has been done on impact assessment. However, platform MEANS has a developed a platform feature where users have an opportunity to choose from
existing impact assessment methods. The same impact assessment methodology list has been
adapted for pig production. The list of Impact assessment methods and indicator calculators
methods are attached in **Annex 2**. While conducting LCA, the user is supposed to select the
impact assessment methods based on the project objectives processing so that it interpretation
can be done based on LCI results.

7.3 Platform MEANS – Simapro Correspondence Inventory List

In the InOut forms, drop down lists of inputs are proposed to the user: feed ingredients, or
formulated feed, building, manure storages...

An already available LCI database<fnref n="69" /> collected from AGRIBALYSE, representing these inputs
and their impacts, has been stored as background dataset so that it helps the user to perform a
complete LCA.

In this project therefore database relevant to pig production systems are sorted and stored as
secondary database source for LCI inventory list for pig production system. These include:
feed ingredients inventory list, pig feed inventory datasets developed by AGRIBALYSE,
building inventory data and types developed by CASDAR and used by AGRIBALYSE,
bedding material list, water resources list and transport inventory Out-put inventory list of
emissions, products and co-products in

<footnote n="69">⁶⁹ The LCI database list available at AGRIBALYSE methodology report V1.2 is open to public. The report can be found at
http://www.ademe.fr/agribalyse-r-methodology.</footnote>
# 8. Results, Discussions and Conclusions

The mission and goals of this internship project was to join an IT team and work on methods and system conceptualization and computerization of pig production system models and to produce and submit a fully operating and functional LCA software that will be used for pig production systems. In this regard, the project mission has not yet achieved all its planned mission but has successfully accomplished some of its mission, objectives and goals.

In this regard, the first objective of the project mission which was to provide information necessary for the development of platform software program that serves for pig production system (which is the purpose of this thesis report) has been accomplished successfully as it was presented in chapter 4, 5 and 6. The report has successfully completed providing information required for developing the program. The information was handled on due time to the project coordinator. And the IT team has started to write the program and have finished some parts of the project as will be discussed below.

## 8.1 Results and Discussions

As a project mission and objectives stated, during the six month internship stay, the work has been concentrated on the design of the InOut form for pig production system. The main focus was done on computerization of the Stage Information Menu. On this area, the work accomplished include: adding information on stage documentation that serve for pig production system, informationization of the model set, development of referential system technical data menus, and development of emission calculation models.

The result are discussed below

### 8.1.1 Stage documentation

<figure><img src="image_31.png" /></figure>

### 8.1.2 Computerization of the Model Set

This part is already a developed feature in the platform for all types of emission models but some additions are expected to be made so that some changes that happened on models such as EMEP/EEA can be accommodated.

In this regard, emission models that serve for pig production system has been prepared and once the whole phase of the development is finalized, models not included so far will be added. Some of the major changes done on this project are: changing EMEP/EEA 2009 by EMEP/EEA 2013.
The complete list of the models is given in the table below.

<table><caption>Table 8. 1: Models incorporated for emission inventory from pig Production Systems</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Substance</th><th>Emission Models Retained</th><th>Additional Information</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Nitrogen</td><td>CORPEN 2003</td><td>Accomplished</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">2</td><td rowspan="2">NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 2</td><td>EMEP Accomplished</td></tr><tr><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 3</td><td>Accomplished and with new updates.<br/>Tier 3 has been successfully<br/>conceptualized and computerized</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>N<sub>2</sub>O direct</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 1</td><td>Accomplished</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>N<sub>2</sub>O Indirect</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>Accomplished</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">5</td><td rowspan="2">NO</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 1</td><td rowspan="2">Accomplished</td></tr><tr><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 2</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>NO<sub>3</sub></td><td>Basset-Mens et al. 2007</td><td>Accomplished</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>CH<sub>4</sub> (enteric emissions)</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 1</td><td>Accomplished</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>CH<sub>4</sub> (emissions from manure Management)</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>Accomplished</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 8.2 Development of Referential System technical data: Data Collect

Six of seven of the designed and computerized InOut data collect menus (presented in chapter 5) were successfully coded and made ready for testing. This is about 86% success. The IT team has continued to work on developing the data collection unit. It is expected to be finished before September.

The six developed features are presented below.

### 8.2.1 Data Collect Menu

<table><thead><tr><th colspan="2">Stage system referential - Data collect</th><th>Included Features:</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="2">You are currently working on: Project Test 2.0 PROCES - ANALYSE 3 - SEENWARD TEST) > EMEP - TRUES<br/>Last updated on 02/15/2019 by Teleskopfirma Reale<br/><br/>You have to fill in data according to your collect unit: na year(s)</td><td><ul><li>Activity technical data Inventory Menu</li><li>Animal Feeding data Inventory Menu</li><li>Livestock building data Inventory Menu</li><li>Energy Consumption Menu</li><li>Manure Storage Structure Menu</li><li>Water Consumption Menu</li><li>Manure and manure System Management Menu</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Activity technical data Stels</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Feeding</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Livestock area</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Used Energy</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Manure Building</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Water consumed</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Dejections</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

The contents of each menu is presented below

#### 8.2.1.1 Activity Technical data Inventory Menu (For Breeding Sow technical -Example)

Based on the production system activity of the pig farm, activity technical data inventory menu is further divided into three sub-menus. The contents are presented below with an example for breeding sow stage. For post-weaning and fattening, the same principle is applied and is ready for use. Here the user is supposed to enter final inventory data. No further processing is done.

<footnote>* AGRIBALYSE used EMEP/EEP 2009 Guidelines and EMEP/EEP 2009 Tier 2 model only</footnote>
<figure><img src="image_32.png" /></figure>

### 8.2.1.2 Animal Feeding data Inventory Menu

Based on the feeding management system, animal feed menu is designed to make entry at animal class level. And for each animal class selected, it is prepared to make multiple entry. Sub-menus included are given below.

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /></figure>

### 8.2.1.3 Livestock building data Inventory Menu

This menus is designed in such a way that several building types for a given stage can be entered. It is designed to make animal building inventory at animal class level. Features included are:
<figure><img src="image_34.png" /></figure>

Included sub-menus:

- Housing type

- Floor type

- Type of bedding material used (kg/head/day)

- Area occupied by animal (m2/head/day)

- Housing environmental control system (type ventilation)

### 8.3.1.4 Energy Consumption Menu

Energy consumption inventory is designed to allow the user to enter the type of energy source and amount of consumption.

<figure><img src="image_35.png" /></figure>

Included sub-menus:

- Energy source

- Quantity of energy consumed for each energy source

### 8.3.1.5 Manure Storage Structure Menu

Manure storage structure menu allows the user to enter all types of storage structures used for the manure excreted and stored from a given animal category or stage. The sub-menus included are:

<figure><img src="image_36.png" /></figure>

Included sub-menus:

- Storage type

- Storage capacity

### 8.3.1.5 Water Consumption Menu

Water consumption data inventory menu is designed to enter quantity of water consumed, place of consumption, source of water and its proportion.
<figure><img src="image_37.png" /></figure>

Included sub-menus:

- Place of water consumption

- Quantity of water consumed

- Source of water

- Percentage from the source entered.

For example, if consumption is 20 litres per day per head, and if 50% of the water consumed comes from tap water, the rest, 50% is coming from other sources.

Remaining job: Manure and manure System Management Menu Expected to be finished:

## 8.2.2 Emission Inventory Calculation models.

Development of emission inventory calculation has not been started until the day I finished my internship. All information needed for development are made ready and are handed to the project manager. Development of InOut form for pigs is expected to be finished by end of this year. The project is active and the probability to accomplish the mission is almost certain.

Once completed, the expected outlook is given below. Here only one sample model is prepared for visualization of the on-going development.

### Inventory element calculation

You are currently working on: *Projet Test v2.0 PORCS > ANALYSE 1 > SCENARIO TEST1 > ETAPE 1 - TRUIES*

Last updated on 8/21/15 4:20 PM by Tesfabirhan Redie

Result sheet

<figure><img src="image_38.png" /></figure>

Back to the stage main page

<figure><img src="image_39.png" /></figure>

Save

Emissions

-> Air

<table><thead><tr><th>Substance</th><th>Inventory element</th><th>Sub-compartment</th><th>Model</th><th>Calculated value (/ha.year(s))</th><th>Calculated value (/tonne)</th><th>Customize...</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>N</td><td>N excreted yard</td><td>low pop.</td><td>N - CORPEN 2003</td><td>0</td><td>0 kg</td><td>?</td></tr></tbody></table>

<figure><img src="image_40.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_41.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_42.png" /></figure>

## 8.3 Other Activities

### 8.3.1 Allocation System

As presented in chapter 7, the allocation system has been developed and delivered to the project coordinator. Once the emission inventory calculation models are finalized, the allocation system development is expected to be followed soon.

### 8.3.2 Transport Model

During the internship period, a work has been done on Animal Feed Raw materials and Feed Transport Model (it is attached in ). However, because of project priority and time constraint, transport model has not be made part of animal feed inventory development. Once this first phase on development of InOut for animal production is finished, the platform project expected is work on it and make it part of the InOut form. Without the model of transport for animal feed, the creation of new animal feed inventory, from InOut software, cannot be done properly.
## 8.4 Application of the concepts developed for pigs to other animal production systems

The concepts and methodologies used in this project mission are expected to be relevant for other animal production systems. The procedure followed to define system boundaries and development of InOut forms are some of findings that can be used.

Emission models are of generic in nature and are expected to easily be adaptable by other production systems. Depending on the type of animal to be studied, the parameters and characteristics may vary but the overall structure of the models developed in this project are expected to used and easily adaptable.

## 8.5 Conclusions

Project platform MEANS is an innovative and new computer tool that will transform life cycle inventory work for crop, animal production systems and transformation and processing of agricultural food products. Putting all LCA concepts, methodologies as well as making it relevant to French system of agricultural practices is the greatest power it has. On the same principle, incorporating pig production system as part of this tool will facilitate research works and creation of associated database in a more simplified and user friendly way.

The objective and mission of the internship was to work on "Functional Design of Pig Production System Models: Computerization for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)". It is broad: both in concept and in practicability to be accomplished within six months internship period. However, the project team was dedicated to come out with fully developed information needed for development of the tool. During the project period, system boundaries were defined based on AGRIBALYSE methodology and guidelines, InOut forms were conceptualized, designed, almost developed successfully, and emission models were fully informationized and made ready for use by IT team. In addition, during the internship, some modifications and improvement on the emission models were able to be made.

The author has a strong opinion that the procedures, concepts and findings to be relevant and easily adaptable by other types of animal production systems.

Finally, the project objectives were almost accomplished as planned.
Abbreviations

<table><tr><td>ADEME</td><td>Environmental and Energy Management Agency</td></tr><tr><td>AFNOR</td><td>Association Française de Normalisation -French Standards Institute</td></tr><tr><td>CASDAR</td><td>Compte d'Affectation Spécial du Développement Agricole et Rural</td></tr><tr><td>CASDAR</td><td>Compte d'affectation spécial pour le Développement Agricole et Rural - Agricultural and Rural development Fund</td></tr><tr><td>CITEPA</td><td>Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etudes de la Pollution Atmosphérique - Atmospheric Pollution Institute</td></tr><tr><td>CORPEN</td><td>Comité d'Orientation pour des Pratique agricoles respectueuse de l'Environnement -French government committee for environmentally friendly agricultural practices</td></tr><tr><td>EFs</td><td>Emission Factors</td></tr><tr><td>EMEP/EEA</td><td>European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environment Agency</td></tr><tr><td>IFIP</td><td>Tut de la filière porcine</td></tr><tr><td>INRA</td><td>Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie -French National Institute for Agricultural Research</td></tr><tr><td>IPCC</td><td>Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change</td></tr><tr><td>ISO</td><td>International Standard Organization</td></tr><tr><td>JRC</td><td>Joint Research Center</td></tr><tr><td>LCA</td><td>Life Cycle Assessment</td></tr><tr><td>LCI</td><td>Life Cycle Inventory</td></tr><tr><td>LEAP</td><td>Livestock Environmental Assessment</td></tr><tr><td>MEANS</td><td>MulticritEria AssessmeNt of Sustainability</td></tr><tr><td>PAS</td><td>Publically Available Specification drawn upto British Standards</td></tr><tr><td>PCRs</td><td>Product Declaration Rules</td></tr><tr><td>UMR SAS</td><td>Unité Mixté de Recherche -Sol, Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation- Joint Research Unit - Soil, agriculture and hydrosystem Specialization</td></tr></table>
Units and Symbols

Units

<table><tr><td>d</td><td>days</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>kWh</td><td>kilo Watt hour</td></tr><tr><td>l</td><td>liter</td></tr><tr><td>m</td><td>meter</td></tr><tr><td>m<sup>2</sup></td><td>Square meters</td></tr><tr><td>m<sup>3</sup></td><td>Cubic meters</td></tr><tr><td>MJ</td><td>Mega joul</td></tr><tr><td>t</td><td>tonne</td></tr><tr><td>tonnes</td><td>tonnes</td></tr><tr><td>y</td><td>year</td></tr></table>

Symbols

<table><tr><td>CH<sub>4</sub></td><td>Methane</td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>Nitrogen</td></tr><tr><td>N<sub>2</sub>O</td><td>Dinitrogen monoxide</td></tr><tr><td>NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>Ammonia</td></tr><tr><td>NO</td><td>Nitric Oxide</td></tr><tr><td>NO<sub>3</sub>-</td><td>Nitrate</td></tr><tr><td>TAN</td><td>Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen</td></tr></table>
Glossary

<table><tr><td>AGRIBALYSE database:</td><td>Database of mainly French grown agricultural products LCI data sets at the farm gate in the form of unit processes.</td></tr><tr><td>Allocation:</td><td>Partitioning the inputs/or outputs flows of a product system under study.</td></tr><tr><td>Animal Class</td><td>Component of animal category used for data collection as the smallest division of the production system. Each class of animals represents a group of animals processed with the same input parameters.</td></tr><tr><td>Collection Unit</td><td>A qualitative and quantitative data collection system unit used during collection of inventory data, expressed in units. Example: animals: collection unit is herds.</td></tr><tr><td>Computerization</td><td>To enter, process, or store information in computer</td></tr><tr><td>Co-product</td><td>Any of two or more products coming from the same unit process or product system</td></tr><tr><td>InOut</td><td>Putting information into a system or tool or expended in its operation for processing and achieve output or a result.</td></tr><tr><td>Input</td><td>Product, material or energy flow that enters a unit process</td></tr><tr><td>Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)</td><td>Phase of life cycle assessment including compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs for a product throughout its life cycle.</td></tr><tr><td>Life cycle Assessment (LCA)</td><td>Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle</td></tr><tr><td>Modeling</td><td>The representation of a process, concept, or operation of a system</td></tr><tr><td>Output</td><td>product, material or energy flow that leaves a unit process</td></tr><tr><td>Primary material</td><td>Primary or secondary material that is used to produce a product</td></tr><tr><td>Product (tion) system</td><td>Collection of unit processes with elementary and product flows, performing one or more functions, and which models the life cycle of a product.</td></tr><tr><td>Products</td><td>Any goods or service</td></tr><tr><td>System boundary</td><td>Set of criteria specifying which unit processes are part of a product system</td></tr></table>
# Figures

## Chapter 3

<table><tr><td>Figure 3. 1: Methodological flow of LCA (ISO 14040 and 14044)</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 3. 2: principles of AGRIBALYSE® tools (Source: (Koch & Salou, 2015))</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 3. 3: Integrated Structure of Platform MEANS Tool</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 3. 4: Platform MEANS Working Methodology (Source: (van der Werf, et al., 2012))</td><td>13</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 4

<table><tr><td>Figure 4. 1: French Pig Production in 2013 (in million heads) (Source: (FranceAgriMer, 2014))</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 4. 2: Pig Production system boundary, “Cradle-to-Farm Gate” (Source: (Koch & Salou, 2015))</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 4. 3: Animal category technical Performance Detail Views</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 4. 4: Feed Management System Modeling</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 4. 5: Excretion and Manure Management Modeling</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 4. 6: Simplified model for sources of emissions, place of emissions and Type of Emissions</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 4. 7: Model Selection Criteria (Source (EMEP/EEA, 2013))</td><td>26</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 5

<table><tr><td>Figure 5. 1: Pig production system hierarchy and InOut flow Analysis Structure (source: Platform MEANS)</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 5. 2: Main Menu of Data Collection System designed for pig LCI</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 5. 3: System boundary of manure handling system (source: (EMEP/EEA, 2013; CORPEN, 2003; Espagnol, et al., 2014))</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 5. 4: Simplified Building Characteristics</td><td>38</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 6

<table><tr><td>Figure 6. 1: A simplified Model for calculation of N excreted from a farm unit (Sub-system)</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 6. 2: Detailed Illustration of Nitrogen Model (reference: (EMEP/EEA, 2013))</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 6. 3: Basic biological reaction of the transformation of Nitrogen excreta (Source: (CORPEN, 2003))</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 6. 4: Ammonia (NH3) Model diagram</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 6. 5: N2O model diagram</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Figure 6. 6: Methane emission model flow diagram</td><td>56</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 7

<table><tr><td>Figure 7. 1: Production Systems, environmental impacts and allocation rule</td><td>61</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Table (App.) 5. 19: Transport Systems (source: Ecoinvent)</td><td>91</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 5. 20: Transport Distance recommendations of GES'TIM</td><td>91</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 6

<table><tr><td>Table 6. 1: Average values of Lean Meat Content (%) and LMP for different Animal</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Table 6. 2: Summary of N-model</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Table 6. 3: Model NO3- Output</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Table 6. 4: Model Summary and Out-Put</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Table 6. 5: Models incorporated of emission inventory from pig production systems</td><td>60</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 6(Appendix)

<table><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 1: Average values of Lean Meat Content (%) for different animal</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 2: Average Lean Meat Percentage (LMP, %) Values for different pig categories</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 3: TAN values Pig Excreta (NH<sub>3</sub>-N)</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 4: NH<sub>3</sub> Emission Factors in pig buildings, Manure Storage Site and Yards</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 5: Immobilization and Mineralization values</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 6: N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors depending on the Excretion Management Systems</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 7: NO Emission factors (AAP = Annual Average Population)</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 8: Parameter inputs to CH4 model</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 9: IPCC recommended FCM (%) values for calculation of CH4 emission factors for management system and climatic Region k</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 6. 10: MCF values based on excreta type and manure Management Systems</td><td>85</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 7

<table><tr><td>Table 7. 1: Allocation Systems to product and co-products in each Animal Category</td><td>62</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 7 (Appendix)

<table><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 1: Pig Feed and its Corresponding Name in SimaPro</td><td>86</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 2: Building Types and Its Corresponding name in Simapro</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 3: Bedding Materials</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 4: Ventilation Systems</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 5: Source of Energy</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 6: Water Sources</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 7: Transport Systems</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 8: Manure storage Structures and Corresponding Name in Simapro</td><td>89</td></tr><tr><td>Table (App.) 7. 9: Emission of Gases</td><td>89</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 8

<table><tr><td>Table 8. 1: Models incorporated for emission inventory from pig Production Systems</td><td>66</td></tr></table>
# Equations

## Chapter 5

<table><tr><td>Equation 5. 1: Average Annual Weaners</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 2: Average Number of Pigs in Fattening Stage</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 3: 3Average live body Weight Pig Output from FS</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 4: Average Quantity of liquid/solid Manure Production</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 5: %Solid of manure Stored in a Storage Structure</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 6: Fraction of Manure Treated under a given Manure management System</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 7: Percentage of Manure Treated</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 8: Land Occupation Estimates</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 5. 10: Total Water Consumption</td><td>39</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 6

<table><tr><td>Equation 6. 1: Nitrogen Excreted from Feed</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 2: Ningested from animal feed consumed:</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 3: Total amount of Nitrogen ingested for one given animal in one category</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 4: Nitrogen Fixed in animal body (Using LMC values-TVM)</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 5: Nitrogen Fixed in animal body (Using LMP values – TMP) (Source: (Rigolot, et al., 2010(I); Delaby, et al., 2010)</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 6: Net Nitrogen fixed in the animal body</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 7: Total Nitrogen Excreted, kg/head</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 8: Total Nitrogen Excreted per day, kg/head/d</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 9: Proportional %time passed inside one building</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 10: Over-all Proportional time Percentage passed Inside Buildings</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 11: Time spend in the yards, %</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 12: Nitrogen Excreted Inside Buildings</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 13: Nitrogen Excreted in the yards</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 14: N- Added from Bedding used</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 15: Emission calculation from at a site i.</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 16: Step wise calculation procedure of NH3-N emissions (source: (EMEP/EEA, 2013))</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 17: (Table II): Step wise calculation procedure of NH3-N emissions (source: (EMEP/EEA, 2013))</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 18: NO<sub>3</sub> Emission</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 19: NO emission from Lliquid Manure Stored</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 20: Fraction of NO emitted inside the buildings</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 21: Direct N2O Emissions from Storage</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 22: Direct N2O emissions from Excreta in the yards</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 23: N volatilization</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 24: Indirect N2O emissions from storage</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 25: Indirect N volatilization from the yards</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 26: Indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emission from yards</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 27: CH4 emission from enteric fermentation</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 28: CH4 emissions from manure wastes</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 29: CH4 Emission Factor for Tier 2</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 30: Quantity of daily volatile solids</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 31: Calculation of Digestible Gross Energy, kcal/kg</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 32: Total Digestible feed, DF, %</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 33: Ash content of feed, %</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 34: Total Methane Emissions</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 35: Enteric Emissions in Buildings</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 6. 36: Methane emissions from Storage</td><td>59</td></tr></table>

## Chapter 7

<table><tr><td>Equation 7. 1: Calculation of Allocation based on Biophysical Allocation method for pigs</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Equation 7. 2: Percentage of feed consumption by animals in category</td><td>62</td></tr></table>
# Appendix I: Tables for Chapter 5, 6 and 7

## Appendix (Tables -Chapter 5): InOut Design Background data and Parameters

### Technical Performance

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 1: Animal Category and Animal Class</caption><thead><tr><th>Animal category</th><th>Animal Class</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="6">Sow</td><td>Gestating Sows</td></tr><tr><td>Lactating Sows</td></tr><tr><td>Gilts</td></tr><tr><td>Boars</td></tr><tr><td>Piglets</td></tr><tr><td>Culled Sows</td></tr><tr><td>Weaned piglets</td><td>Weaners at entry (1st group age)<br>Weaners 2nd group age)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">fattening Pig</td><td>Growers</td></tr><tr><td>Finishers</td></tr></tbody></table>

## B. Pig Feed

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 2: Feeding Management Systems commonly practiced in pig farming source:</caption><thead><tr><th>Animal category</th><th>Feeding Management</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">Sows</td><td>Gestating sow feed</td></tr><tr><td>Lactating sow feed</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Weaned piglets</td><td>Weaned Piglet 1st phase feed</td></tr><tr><td>Weaned Piglet 2nd phase feed</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Fattening pigs</td><td>growing pig feed</td></tr><tr><td>Finishing pig feed</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 3: Breeding Sow stage Feed</caption><thead><tr><th>Gestating Sow</th><th>Lactating Sow</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>rapeseed meal based feed, gestating</td><td>rapeseed based feed, lactating feed</td></tr><tr><td>soybean meal based feed, gestating</td><td>soybean based feed, lactating feed</td></tr><tr><td>on-farm feed supply, gestating</td><td>on-farm feed supply, lactating</td></tr><tr><td>excessive slurry treatment, gestating</td><td>excessive slurry treatment, lactating</td></tr><tr><td>French average, gestating feed</td><td>French average, lactating feed</td></tr><tr><td>pig with run system, gestating feed</td><td>pig with run system, lactating feed</td></tr><tr><td>outdoor syst, gestating feed, Label Rouge prod</td><td>outdoor syst, lactating feed, Label Rouge prod</td></tr><tr><td>gestating feed, organic prod</td><td>lactating feed, organic prod</td></tr><tr><td>gestating feed, organic prod</td><td>lactating feed, organic prod</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 4: Post Weaning Stage Feed</caption><tr><td>Post Weaners 1st age</td><td>Post Weaners 1st age</td></tr></table>
<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 5: Fattening Stage Feed</caption><tr><td>Rapeseed meal based feed, WP 1st phase feed</td><td>rapeseed meal based feed, WP 2nd, phase feed</td></tr><tr><td>soybean meal based feed, WP 1st phase feed</td><td>soybean meal based feed, WP 2nd phase feed</td></tr><tr><td>on-farm feed supply meal based feed, WP 1st phase feed</td><td>on-farm feed supply meal based feed, WP 2nd phase feed</td></tr><tr><td>excess slurry treatment meal based feed, WP 1st phase feed</td><td>excess slurry treatment meal based feed, WP 2nd phase feed</td></tr><tr><td>French average, WP 1st phase feed</td><td>French average, WP 2nd phase feed, conv prod</td></tr><tr><td>pig with run syst, WP 1st phase feed, Label rouge prod</td><td>pig with run syst, WP 2nd phase feed, Label rouge prod</td></tr><tr><td>outdoor syst, WP 1st phase feed, Label rouge prod</td><td>outdoor syst, WP 2nd phase feed, Label rouge prod</td></tr><tr><td>Weaned Piglet feed, organic prod</td><td></td></tr></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 6: Feeding Management Systems commonly practiced in Pig Farming source</caption><thead><tr><th>Growers</th><th>Finishers</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>rapeseed meal based feed, growing feed</td><td>rapeseed meal based feed, finishing feed</td></tr><tr><td>soybean meal based feed, growing feed</td><td>soybean meal based feed, finishing feed</td></tr><tr><td>on-farm feed supply, growing feed</td><td>on-farm feed supply, finishing feed, conv prod</td></tr><tr><td>excessive slurry treatment, growing feed</td><td>excessive slurry treatment, finishing feed, conv prod</td></tr><tr><td>French average, growing feed</td><td>French average, finishing feed, conv prod</td></tr><tr><td>growing feed, organic prod</td><td>pig with run syst, fattening feed, Label Rouge prod</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>outdoor syst, fattening feed, Label Rouge prod</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>finishing feed, organic prod</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 7: Transport Systems (source: Ecoinvent)</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Types of Feeding management</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Standard</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Biphase</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Triphase</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Multiphase</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Origin of Raw Material</th><th>Transport Means</th><th>Process Considered</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Metropole France</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, lorry>32t, EURO3/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Metropole France</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, freight, rail/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Imported</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, lorry>32t, EURO3/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Imported</td><td>Train</td><td>Transport, freight, rail/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Imported</td><td>Transoceanic</td><td>Transport, transoceanic freight ship/OCE U</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 8: Transport Distance recommendations of GES'TIM</caption><thead><tr><th>Origin of Ingredient</th><th>Transport Lorry</th><th>Transport Oceanic</th><th>Transport, lorry (km going)</th><th>Total distance(km)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>France</td><td></td><td></td><td>130</td><td>130</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>700</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>830</td></tr><tr><td>Holland</td><td>500</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>630</td></tr><tr><td>Belgium</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>230</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td>1000</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>1130</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>500</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>630</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>300</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>430</td></tr><tr><td>UK</td><td>300</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>430</td></tr><tr><td>Romania</td><td>1800</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>1930</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>130</td><td>11700</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>130</td><td>11700</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Argentina</td><td>130</td><td>9600</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Costa Rica</td><td>130</td><td>8400</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>300</td><td>9600</td><td>130</td><td>430</td></tr><tr><td>Senegal</td><td>130</td><td>1800</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Cameroun</td><td>130</td><td>8100</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>130</td><td>3000</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr></tbody></table>

## C. Excreta and Manure management

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 9: Evacuation system of excreta from buildings</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>System of Evacuation</th><th>Adjustment Factor(FA)*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Slurry removal of the holding tank with a vacuum system (storage on the duration of presence of animals)</td><td>0.9</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Evacuation of the manure holding tank with a vacuum system (via manure disposal)</td><td>0.8</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Evacuation mechanical (flat scraper)</td><td>0.6</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>hydraulic Evacuation</td><td>0.75</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Litter</td><td>1.25</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 10: Types of Excreta and manure Dry Matter (DM %) content of pig</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Excreta</th><th>Type of Excreta</th><th>%Dry Matter</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="5">1</td><td rowspan="5">Liquid-Slurry</td><td>Mixed pig slurry</td><td>3.6</td></tr><tr><td>Fattening pig slurry in the yard</td><td>6.84</td></tr><tr><td>Gestating sow slurry in the yard</td><td>2.33</td></tr><tr><td>Lactating sow slurry in the yard</td><td>3.15</td></tr><tr><td>Weaner's slurry in the yard</td><td>6.73</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">2</td><td rowspan="3">Solid</td><td>Straw rich pig manure</td><td>45.3</td></tr><tr><td>Bedded pack pig slurry</td><td>30.8</td></tr><tr><td>Straw rich pig slurry</td><td>24.8</td></tr></tbody></table>

(Source: (CITEPA, 2014) & (Koch & Salou, 2015)

## D. Pig Building Types, floor types, bedding material used, ventilation system, and Manure storage structures: characteristics and parameters

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 11: Building Types</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Building Type</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>building with FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Pig building with FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>*Adjustment Factor is applied for NH₃ model when Tier 3 is selected to calculate emissions. Source: (CITEPA, 2014)</footnote>
<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 12: Floor Types</caption><tr><td>4</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Pig building with outdoor farrowing house and mulched floor for P.W/F-organic</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Fiber cement siding and roofing -Label Rouge system</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Pig building with mulched floor for farrowing house and fattening -Label Rouge system</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Pig building free range farming -Label Rouge System</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor</td></tr></table>

<table><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Floor Type</td><td>Reference</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Slatted floor</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Partially slatted floor</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Straw bedding</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>sawdust bedding</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (CORPEN, 2003; Basset-Mens & van der Werf, 2005; CITEPA, 2014; Espagnol, et al., 2014)

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 13: Types of bedding Materials</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Bedding Material Type (straw type)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Wood saw dust</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Wheat straw</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Straw</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>straw</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Straw organic</td></tr></tbody></table>

(Source: (CITEPA, 2014; Koch & Salou, 2015; CORPEN, 2003)

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 14: Ventilation Systems.</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Ventilation system</td><td>FA*</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Dynamic ventilation without air treatment</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Dynamic ventilation with air treatment</td><td>0.5</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Dynamic Ventilation with misting</td><td>0.8</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Static ventilation</td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table>

(Source: (CITEPA, 2014; Koch & Salou, 2015; CORPEN, 2003)

*AF = Adjustment Factor, used for Adjusting NH₃ emissions when Tier 3 is selected. It has a combined effect with the system of excreta evacuation from a building.

## E. Manure Storage infrastructure

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 15: Types of Manure Storage Structures</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Types of Storage Structures</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Manure storage pit</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Compost</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>hangar</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Storage shed, concrete floor, mostly steel</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Storage shed, concrete floor, mostly wood</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Storage Shed, bare soil, mostly steel</td></tr></tbody></table>

(Source: (Koch & Salou, 2015)
## F. Water Source and type of Use

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 16: Water Consumption Type</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Type of water consumption (area of use)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td>Drinking water</td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>Cleaning water</td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>Cooling water</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 17: Type of Water Sources</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Source of water</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td>Tap water</td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>Rain water</td></tr></tbody></table>

## F. Water Source and type of use

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 18: Sources of Electricity</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Source of Energy</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Electricity</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Fuel</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Natural Gas</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Lubricants</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Propane/butane</td></tr></tbody></table>
# Appendix II: Emission Models Parameters

## N - Model

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 1: Average values of Lean Meat Content (%) for different animal</caption><thead><tr><th>Animal category/Stage</th><th>LMC, %</th><th>Type of animal Considered</th><th>Remark</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">Breeding Sows Stage</td><td>61.5</td><td>Gilts</td><td><sup>70</sup>Gilts are considered as sows at entry.</td></tr><tr><td>56.5</td><td>Sow</td><td><sup>71</sup>Culled sows is considered sow leaving</td></tr><tr><td>Weaners Stage</td><td>61.5</td><td>Weaners<sup>72</sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fattening Pigs Stage</td><td>61.5</td><td>Fatteners<sup>73</sup></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (Koch & Salou, 2015)

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 2: Average Lean Meat Percentage (LMP, %) Values for different pig categories<sup>74</sup></caption><thead><tr><th>Animal category/Stage</th><th>LMP*, %</th><th>Type of animal Considered</th><th>Remark</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">Breeding Sows Stage</td><td>60.7</td><td>Gilts</td><td>Gilts are considered as sows at entry.</td></tr><tr><td>60.7</td><td>Sow</td><td>Culled sows is considered sow leaving</td></tr><tr><td>Weaners Stage</td><td>60.7</td><td>Weaners</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fattening Pigs Stage</td><td>60.7</td><td>Fatteners</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

## NH₃ Model

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 3: TAN values Pig Excreta (NH₃-N)</caption><thead><tr><th>Animal category/Stage</th><th>TAN, %</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Breeding Sows</td><td>0.7</td></tr><tr><td>Weaners</td><td>0.7</td></tr><tr><td>Fattening Pigs</td><td>0.7</td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (EMEP/EEA, 2013; Koch & Salou, 2015)

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 4: NH₃ Emission Factors in pig buildings, Manure Storage Site and Yards</caption><thead><tr><th>Animal category/Stage</th><th>Emission Site (i)</th><th>Type of Excreta (j)</th><th>EF NH<sub>3</sub> values</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="5">Weaners and Fattening Pigs</td><td>Building</td><td>Liquid</td><td>0.28</td></tr><tr><td>Building</td><td>Solid</td><td>0.27</td></tr><tr><td>Storage</td><td>Liquid</td><td>0.14</td></tr><tr><td>Storage</td><td>Solid</td><td>0.45</td></tr><tr><td>yards</td><td></td><td>0.53</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Breeding Sows and piglets</td><td>Building</td><td>Liquid</td><td>0.22</td></tr><tr><td>Building</td><td>Solid</td><td>0.25</td></tr><tr><td>Storage</td><td>Liquid</td><td>0.14</td></tr><tr><td>Storage</td><td>Solid</td><td>0.45</td></tr><tr><td>yards</td><td></td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>* More precise Average values can be obtained from IFIP reports from annual reports.</footnote>

<footnote n="70"><sup>70</sup> Gilts are considered as breeding sows that entered the breeding stage unit.</footnote>

<footnote n="71"><sup>71</sup> Culled sows are assumed as average representative of sows that leave the breeding stage. Hence, Culled Sow body weight it taken as</footnote>

<footnote n="72"><sup>72</sup> Weaners at entry and leaving the unit are assumed to have the same LMC value.</footnote>

<footnote n="73"><sup>73</sup> Pigs that enter and leave the fattening stage unit are assumed to have the same LMC value</footnote>

<footnote n="74"><sup>74</sup> References: LMP values for France, (TVM)</footnote>
Source: (EMEP/EEA, 2013; Koch & Salou, 2015)

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 5: Immobilization and Mineralization values</caption><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Representation</th><th>Unit</th><th>Value</th><th>Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2">Immobilization</td><td>f<sub>imm_solid</sub></td><td>Kg TAN/kg MS bedding material/year</td><td>0.0067</td><td rowspan="2">AGRIBALYSE®</td></tr><tr><td>f<sub>imm_solid</sub></td><td>Kg TAN/kg MS bedding material/year</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Mineralization</td><td>f<sub>min_solid</sub></td><td>Kg TAN/kg MS</td><td>0</td><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>f<sub>min_solid</sub></td><td>Kg TAN/kg MS</td><td>0.10</td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (EMEP/EEA, 2013; Koch & Salou, 2015)

## N₂O-Model

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 6: N₂O emission factors depending on the Excretion Management Systems</caption><thead><tr><th>Platform Means/AGRIBALYSE System</th><th>IPCC system</th><th>EF_N₂O (kg N₂O-N per kg N excreted)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Covered slurry pit with natural crust</td><td>Liquid/slurry, with natural crust cover</td><td>0.005</td></tr><tr><td>Covered slurry pit without natural crust</td><td>Liquid/slurry, without natural crust cover</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Non-covered slurry pit with natural crust</td><td>Liquid/slurry, with natural crust cover</td><td>0.005</td></tr><tr><td>Non-covered slurry without natural crust</td><td>Liquid/slurry, without natural crust cover</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Covered manure pit</td><td>Solid storage</td><td>0.005</td></tr><tr><td>Non-covered heap</td><td>Solid storage</td><td>0.005</td></tr><tr><td>Pig manure with straw</td><td>Solid storage</td><td>0.005</td></tr><tr><td>Yards</td><td></td><td>0.2</td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (Koch & Salou, 2015; IPCC, 2006)

## NO-Model

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 7: NO Emission factors (AAP = Annual Average Population)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Type of animal category</th><th colspan="2">EF_NO (kg NO/AAP)</th></tr><tr><th>Liquid</th><th>Solid</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Breeding sows</td><td>0.004</td><td>0.132</td></tr><tr><td>Weaners</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.045</td></tr><tr><td>Fattening sows</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.045</td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (Koch & Salou, 2015)

## CH₄-Model

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 8: Parameter inputs to CH₄ model</caption><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Representation</th><th>Unit</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Enteric emission factors for pigs</td><td>EF_CH4_enteric</td><td>kg CH4/head/year</td><td>1.5</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum CH₄ production capacity</td><td>Bo(T)</td><td>m³ CH4/kg VS</td><td>0.45</td></tr><tr><td>Urinary energy expressed as a fraction of the EC</td><td>UE</td><td>-</td><td>0.02</td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (IPCC, 2006; Koch & Salou, 2015)

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 9: IPCC recommended FCM (%) values for calculation of CH₄ emission factors for management system and climatic Region k</caption><tr><td>Manure management system</td><td>MCF (%)</td></tr></table>
Average annual outside Temperature

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>10</th><th>11</th><th>12</th><th>13</th><th>14</th><th>15</th><th>...</th><th>25</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Solid manure</th><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Liquid (with natural crust cover)</th><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>17</td><td></td><td>41</td></tr><tr><th>Liquid (without natural crust cover)</th><td>17</td><td>19</td><td>20</td><td>22</td><td>25</td><td>27</td><td></td><td>65</td></tr></tbody></table>

Source: (IPCC, 2006)

<table><caption>Table (App.) 6. 10: MCF values based on excreta type and manure Management Systems</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="3">Type of manure/excreta</th><th colspan="7">MCF (S, K) (%)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="7">Manure management system</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Liquid without cover</th><th colspan="2">Liquid with cover</th><th colspan="2">Solid</th><th rowspan="2">Pasture/yard</th></tr><tr><th>With crust</th><th>Without crust</th><th>With crust</th><th>Without crust</th><th>uncovered</th><th>Covered</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Mixed liquid pig manure</th><td>22</td><td>14</td><td>22</td><td>14</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>Solid manure with straw</th><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>21</td><td>21</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>Liquid manure in the yard</th><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table>
Appendix III: List of Correspondence to SimaPro

<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 1: Pig Feed and its Corresponding Name in SimaPro</caption><thead><tr><th>Animal Class</th><th>Given Feed name</th><th></th><th>Corresponding name in Simapro</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="8">Porc-Gestating Sow</td><td rowspan="8">Gestating Sow feed</td><td>kg</td><td>Sow,rapeseed meal based feed,Gestating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,soybean meal based feed,Gestating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,on-farm feed supply,Gestating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,excess slurry treatment,Gestating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,pig with run syst,lactating feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,outdoor syst,Gestating feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,French average,Gestating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,outdoor syst,lactating feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Porc-Lactating Sow</td><td rowspan="6">Lactating sow feed</td><td>kg</td><td>Sow,rapeseed meal based feed,lactating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,soybean meal based feed,lactating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,on-farm feed supply,lactating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,excess slurry treatment,lactating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,French average,lactating feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,rape me<sup>al</sup> based feed,1st phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10">Porc-Weaner's 1<sup>st</sup> Age</td><td rowspan="10">Weaner's 1<sup>st</sup> age feed</td><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,soya me<sup>al</sup> based feed,1st phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,on-farm<sup>m</sup> feed supply,1st phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,excess <sup>sl</sup>urry treat.,1st phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,Fren<sup>ch</sup> average,WP 1st phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,<sup>w</sup>th run syst,1st phase feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet<sup>o</sup>utdoor syst,1st phase feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,rape me<sup>al</sup> based feed,2nd phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,soya me<sup>al</sup> based feed,2nd phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,on-farm<sup>m</sup> feed supply,2nd phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,excess <sup>sl</sup>urry treat.,2nd phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Porc-Weaner's 2<sup>nd</sup> age</td><td rowspan="6">Weaner's 1<sup>st</sup> age feed</td><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,Fren<sup>ch</sup> average,WP 2nd phase feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet,<sup>w</sup>th run syst,2nd phase feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Weaned piglet<sup>o</sup>utdoor syst,2nd phase feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,rapeseed meal based feed,growing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,soybean meal based feed,growing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,on-farm feed supply,growing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8">Porc-Grower</td><td rowspan="8">Grower's feed</td><td>kg</td><td>Pig,excess slurry treatment,growing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,French average,growing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,pig with run syst,fattening feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,growing feed,organic prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,rapeseed meal based feed,finishing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,soybean meal based feed,finishing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,on-farm feed supply,finishing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,excess slurry treatment,finishing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">Porc-Finisher</td><td rowspan="6">Finisher's feed</td><td>kg</td><td>Pig,French average,finishing feed,conv prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Sow,pig with run syst,Gestating feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,finishing feed,organic prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,outdoor syst,fattening feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>kg</td><td>Pig,outdoor syst,fattening feed,Label Rouge prod, at farm gate/kg/FR</td></tr></tbody></table>

(Source: AGRIBALYSE V1.2)
<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 2: Building Types and Its Corresponding name in Simapro</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Animal type</td><td>Building Types and Corresponding name in Simapro</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Fattening Pigs</td><td>Pig building with FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor (fattening)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Gestating Sow</td><td>Pig building with FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor (Gestating house)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Post weaners</td><td>Pig building with FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor (post weaning)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Fattening Pigs</td><td>Pig building with FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor (fattening)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Gestating Sow</td><td>Pig building with FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor (Gestating)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Post weaners</td><td>Pig building with FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor (Post weaning)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Fattening Pigs</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor (Fattening)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Gestating Sow</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor (Gestating)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Post weaners</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor (Post weaning)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Fattening Pigs</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor (fattening)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Gestating Sow</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor (Gestating)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Post weaners</td><td>Pig building with FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor (Post weaning)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Fattening Pigs (organic)</td><td>Pig building with outdoor Gestating house and mulched floor for P.W/F-organic (Fat)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Gestating Sow</td><td>Pig Build, with outdoor Gestating House and mulched -loor for PW/F -Organic (Gestating - pregnancy)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Gestating/Lactating Sows</td><td>Big building, with outdoor Gestating house and mulched -loor for P-/F - Org (Far - maternity)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Gestating sows (organic)</td><td>Big building, with outdoor Gestating house and mulched -loor for PW/F - Organic (PW)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Label Rouge</td><td>Fiber cement sidi-g and roofing -Label Rouge system/m2a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Gestating and fattening (LR)</td><td>Pig building with mulched floor for Gestating house-and fattening -Label Rouge system (fattening)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Gestating and fattening (LR)</td><td>Pig building with mulched floor for Gestating house-and fattening -Label Rouge system (Gestating)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Gestating and fattening (LR)</td><td>Pig building with mulched floor for Gestating house-and fattening -Label Rouge system (Post weaning)/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Fattening pigs (LR)</td><td>Pig building free-range farming -Label Rouge System (fattening)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Gestating (pregnancy)_LR</td><td>Pig building free-range farming -Label Rouge System (G-stating house - pregnancy)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Gestating-lactating (LR)</td><td>Pig building free range farming -Label Rouge System (Gestating house - maternity)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Post-weaning (LR)</td><td>Pig building free range farming -Label Rouge System (Post weaning)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Fattening pigs</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor (Fattening)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Fattening pigs</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor (Gestating house)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Gestating sows</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and concrete slatted floor (Post weaning)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Fattening pigs</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor (fattening)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Gestating sows</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor (Gestating)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Post-weaning</td><td>Pig building without FDS, concrete wall and plastic slatted floor (Post weaning)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Gestating sows</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor (fattening)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Fattening pigs</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor (Gestating)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Post-weaning</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and concrete slatted floor (Post weaning)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Fattening pigs</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor (Fattening)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Gestating sows</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor (Gestating)/P/FR</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Post-weaning sows</td><td>Pig building without FDS, brick wall and plastic slatted floor (Post weaning)/P/FR</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 3: Bedding Materials</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Bedding material type</th><th>Corresponding Name in Simapro</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Wood saw dust</td><td>Wood sawdust, at farm/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Wheat straw</td><td>Wheat straw (empty process)/kg/FR</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Straw</td><td>straw IP, at farm, Ecoinvent/kg/CH</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>straw</td><td>straw IP, at farm/kg/CH</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Straw organic</td><td>straw organic, at farm, Ecoinvent/kg/CH</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 4: Ventilation Systems</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Ventilation Systems</th><th>Corresponding name in Simapro</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Dynamic ventilation without air treatment</td><td>High-extraction mechanical ventilation, steel sandwich panel siding and fiber cement roofing/m²a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Dynamic ventilation with air treatment</td><td>One-side mechanical ventilation, steel siding and fiber cement roofing/m2a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Dynamic Ventilation with misting</td><td>One-side mechanical ventilation, steel siding and roofing/m²a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Static ventilation</td><td>Natural skylight ventilation, steel sandwich panel siding and fiber cement roofing and skylight/m²a/FR<br>Natural skylight ventilation, steel sandwich panel siding and fiber cement roofing/m2a/FR<br>Natural skylight ventilation, steel sandwich panel siding and fiber cement roofing/m2a/FR<br>Natural two-side ventilation (curtains),wood siding and fiber cement roofing/m2a/FR</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 5: Source of Energy</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Source of Energy</th><th>Corresponding Name in Simapro</th><th>Unit</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Electricity</td><td>Electricity, low voltage, at grid/kWh/FR</td><td>MJ</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Fuel</td><td>Light fuel oil, burned in boiler 100kw condensing, non-modulating/MJ/CH</td><td>MJ</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Natural Gas</td><td>Natural gas, burned in boiler condensing modulating &lt;100kw/MJ/RER</td><td>MJ</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Lubricants</td><td>Lubricating oil, at plant/kg/RER</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Propane/butane</td><td>Natural gas, burned in boiler condensing modulating &lt;100kw/MJ/RER</td><td>MJ</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 6: Water Sources</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Source of water</th><th>Corresponding name in Simapro</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Tape Water</td><td>Tap water, at user/kg/RER</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 7: Transport Systems</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Origin of Raw Material</th><th>Transport Means</th><th>Process Considered</th><th>Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Metropole France</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, lorry&gt;32t, EURO3/RER U</td><td>Ecoinvent</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Metropole France</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, freight, rail/RER U</td><td>Ecoinvent</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Imported</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, lorry&gt;32t, EURO3/RER U</td><td>Ecoinvent</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Imported</td><td>Train</td><td>Transport, freight, rail/RER U</td><td>Ecoinvent</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Imported</td><td>Transoceanic</td><td>Transport, transoceanic freight ship/OCE U</td><td>Ecoinvent</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 8: Manure storage Structures and Corresponding Name in Simapro</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Types of Storage Structures</td><td>Corresponding Name in Simapro</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Manure storage pit</td><td>Slurry pit/m3y/FR</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Compost</td><td>Solid manure pit/m2a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>hangar</td><td>Trout farming shed/m2a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Storage shed, concrete floor, mostly steel</td><td>Storage shed, concrete floor, mostly steel/m2a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Storage shed, concrete floor, mostly wood</td><td>Storage shed, concrete floor, mostly wood/m2a/FR</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Storage Shed, bare soil, mostly steel</td><td>Storage shed, bare ground, mostly steel/m2a/FR</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 7. 9: Emission of Gases</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Calculated Substance</td><td>Unit</td><td>Name for Import to SimaPro</td><td>Filed in Simapro</td><td>Under Compartment Exporter in SimaPro</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>NH3</td><td>kg</td><td>Ammonia</td><td>Emissions to air</td><td>low. pop.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>N2O direct</td><td>kg</td><td>Dinitrogen monoxide</td><td>Emissions to air</td><td>low. pop.</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>N2O indirect</td><td>kg</td><td>Dinitrogen monoxide</td><td>Emissions to air</td><td>low. pop.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>NO</td><td>kg</td><td>Nitrogen oxides</td><td>Emissions to air</td><td>low. pop.</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>CH4</td><td>kg</td><td>methane</td><td>Emissions to air</td><td>low. pop.</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>NO3 leaching</td><td>kg</td><td>Nitrate</td><td>Emissions to water</td><td>groundwater</td></tr></tbody></table>
**Transport Model**

*Proposed Means of Transport for Feed (Model Transport and Process)*

Transport of raw materials (ingredients) from its origin of production to the feed processing center or to the farm directly, and fabricated feed transport from the processing center to the farm is accounted for transport model (Koch & Salou, 2015; Nemecek & Kägi, 2007) according to recommendations GESTIM (2009),

For each feed and feed ingredient, the following information is entered.

1. Source of Feed

a. The quantity of Feed processed in the farm, FFF, expressed in % and quantity of feed purchased, in %.

b. Origin (Country or region if it is in France)

2. Mode of transport

a. Mode of transport for PM Fabricated in the Farm, we need direct mode of transport from the origin of the ingredient to the farm (see the diagram given below)

b. For Animal feed bought as finished product, we need two modes of transport

i. From the origin of the ingredient to the processing factory

ii. From the processing factory to the farm

<figure><img src="image_43.png" /></figure>

MP = Primary Materials

<caption>Figure 0.1: Transport Model (Source: (Koch & Salou, 2015; Nemecek & Kägi, 2007)</caption>

a. Origin:

1. France - French regions list (select)

2. Country - Country list

b. Mode of Fabrication

a. Feed Fabricated in the Farm (FFF)

i. Mode of transport - from the site of PM production site to the farm -
Chose from the list
Some feed are composites are fabricated directly in the farm from feed ingredients. However some feed ingredients are produced in the farm. In this condition, transport model is not used. The means of transport and distance covered are considered while conducting assessment using model.

b. Purchased Feed

i. Primary materials - From the site of PM production to the fabrication

ii. Composed animal feed – the distance between the site of fabrication and farm should be considered

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 19: Transport Systems (source: Ecoinvent)</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Origin of Raw Material</td><td>Transport Means</td><td>Process Considered</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Metropole France</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, lorry>32t, EURO3/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Metropole France</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, freight, rail/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Imported</td><td>Lorry</td><td>Transport, lorry>32t, EURO3/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Imported</td><td>Train</td><td>Transport, freight, rail/RER U</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Imported</td><td>Transoceanic</td><td>Transport, transoceanic freight ship/OCE U</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><caption>Table (App.) 5. 20: Transport Distance recommendations of GES'TIM</caption><thead><tr><td>Origin of Ingredient</td><td>Transport Lorry</td><td>Transport Oceanic</td><td>Transport, lorry (km going)</td><td>Total distance(km)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>France</td><td></td><td></td><td>130</td><td>130</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>700</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>830</td></tr><tr><td>Holland</td><td>500</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>630</td></tr><tr><td>Belgium</td><td>100</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>230</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td>1000</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>1130</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>500</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>630</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>300</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>430</td></tr><tr><td>UK</td><td>300</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>430</td></tr><tr><td>Romania</td><td>1800</td><td></td><td>130</td><td>1930</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>130</td><td>11700</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>130</td><td>11700</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Argentina</td><td>130</td><td>9600</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Costa Rica</td><td>130</td><td>8400</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>300</td><td>9600</td><td>130</td><td>430</td></tr><tr><td>Senegal</td><td>130</td><td>1800</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Cameroun</td><td>130</td><td>8100</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>130</td><td>3000</td><td>130</td><td>260</td></tr></tbody></table>
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# Annexes

<table><caption>## Annex 1: Impact Assessment Indicators</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Indicators</th><th rowspan="2">CML 2001</th><th rowspan="2">Eco-indicator 99 End-Point (I, H, E)</th><th rowspan="2">Eco-indicator 99 Mid-Point (I, H, E)</th><th rowspan="2">EPDIP03</th><th rowspan="2">ILCD</th><th rowspan="2">IMPACT 2002+ End-Point</th><th rowspan="2">IMPACT 2002+ Mid-Point</th><th rowspan="2">Recipe Mid-Point and End Point (I, H, E)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Abiotic depletion</td><td>Ecosystem quality</td><td>Acidification/Eutrophication</td><td>Acidification</td><td>Acidification Seppälä et al. 2006 and Posch 2008</td><td>Aquatic acidification</td><td>Climate Change</td><td>Agricultural land occupation</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Acidification</td><td>Human health</td><td>Carcinogens</td><td>Aquatic eutrophication</td><td>Climate Change</td><td>Aquatic toxicity</td><td>Ecosystem quality</td><td>Climate Change</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Eutrophication</td><td>Resource</td><td>Climate Change</td><td>Bulk waste</td><td>Ecotoxicity USEtox</td><td>Aquatic eutrophication</td><td>Human health</td><td>Fossil depletion</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Freshwater aquatic Ecotoxicity</td><td></td><td>Ecotoxicity</td><td>Ecotoxicity soil chronic</td><td>Freshwater Eutrophication Recipe MP</td><td>Carcinogens</td><td>Resources</td><td>Freshwater Ecotoxicity</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Global warming</td><td></td><td>Land Use</td><td>Ecotoxicity water acute</td><td>Human toxicity, cancer USEtox</td><td>Global warming</td><td></td><td>Freshwater eutrophication</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Human toxicity</td><td></td><td>Minerals</td><td>Ecotoxicity water Chronic</td><td>Human toxicity, non-cancer USEtox</td><td>Ionizing radiation</td><td></td><td>Human toxicity</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ionizing Radiation</td><td></td><td>Ozone</td><td>Global Warming</td><td>Ionizing radiation E Garnier-Laplace et al. 2008</td><td>Land Occupation</td><td></td><td>Ionizing radiation</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Human toxicity</td><td></td><td>Radiation</td><td>Hazardous waste</td><td>Land use Mila I Canals et al. 2007</td><td>Mineral extraction</td><td></td><td>Marine Ecotoxicity</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Land competition</td><td></td><td>Respiratory Inorganics</td><td>Human toxicity air</td><td>Mineral, fossil and renewable resource depletion van Oers et al. 2002</td><td>Non-carcinogens</td><td></td><td>Marine Eutrophication</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Marine aquatic Ecotoxicity</td><td></td><td></td><td>Human toxicity water</td><td>Ozone depletion WMO 99</td><td>Non-renewable energy</td><td></td><td>Metal depletion</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Martine sediment</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ozone depletion</td><td>Particulate matter Rabel and Spadaro 2004</td><td>Ozone layer depletion</td><td></td><td>Natural land transformation</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Terrestrial Ecotoxicity</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ozone formation (human)</td><td>Photochemical ozone formation van Zelm et al. 2008</td><td>Respiratory Inorganics</td><td></td><td>Ozone depletion</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Ozone formation (vegetation)</td><td>Terrestrial eutrophication Seppälä et al. 2006</td><td>Respiratory Organics</td><td></td><td>Particular Matter formation</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Radioactive waste</td><td>Water Resource depletion Swiss Ecoscarcity 2006</td><td>Terrestrial acid nutria</td><td></td><td>Photochemical oxidant formation</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Resources</td><td></td><td>Terrestrial ecotoxicity</td><td></td><td>Terrestrial acidification</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Slags/ashes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Terrestrial Ecotoxicity</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Terrestrial Eutrophication</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Urban land occupation</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Water depletion</td></tr></tbody></table>
Annex 2: Impact Analysis

<table><thead><tr><th>Indicateur Mid-point</th><th>Flux et données concernés</th><th>méthodes</th><th>unité</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Emissions de gaz à effet de serre</td><td>N<sub>2</sub>O</td><td>GIEC 2007 5prg 500a)</td><td>Kg équivalent</td></tr><tr><td>Particules fines</td><td>NH<sub>3</sub></td><td></td><td>Kg PM2.5 eq</td></tr><tr><td>Emission de gaz à effet de serre avec prise en compte du stockage de carbone dans les sols</td><td>NH<sub>3</sub></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Epuisement des ressources naturelles non renouvelables</td><td>Consommation d'Eau</td><td>EDIP 2003 –all Resources<br>Cumulative Energy Demand (CED 1.8)</td><td>m<sup>3</sup> water eq</td></tr><tr><td>Consommation d'énergie</td><td>Fossile (Fioul<br>Propane etc.)</td><td>SALCA, non-renewable, fossil and nuclear</td><td>Kg Sb eq</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Eutrophication</td><td>Substances impliquées dans l'eutrophisation terrestre - NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>CML BASELINE 2000, V2.05</td><td>molc N eq</td></tr><tr><td>Substances impliquées dans l'eutrophisation eaux douces - NO<sub>3</sub>-</td><td>EUTREND model<br>EPID 2003 (global)</td><td>Kg éq. P</td></tr><tr><td>Substances impliquées dans l'eutrophisation marine - NO), NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>EUTREND model<br>EPID 2003 (global)</td><td>Kg éq. N</td></tr><tr><td>Ecotoxicité aquatique</td><td>-</td><td>ReCiPe V1.05 (terrestrial acidification)</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Acidification</td><td rowspan="5">NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>CML 2001</td><td>molc H+ eq</td></tr><tr><td>EPID 2003</td><td>m<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td>USETox V1.01, recommended + interim: Human toxicity – cancer + facteur AGRIBALYSE</td><td>CTUh</td></tr><tr><td>USETox V1.01, recommended + interim: Human toxicity – non-cancer + facteur AGRIBALYSE</td><td>CTUh</td></tr><tr><td>CML 2001 BASELINE/ Human toxicity infinite + facteur AGRIBALYSE</td><td>Kg 1.4-DCB-eq</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Toxicité humaine</td><td rowspan="5">Air emissions (NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, NO, CH<sub>4</sub>)</td><td>EDIP 2003: Human toxicity exposure route air</td><td>m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td>EDIP 2003: terrestrial toxicity exposure route soil without pesticides + SALCA pesticide + facteur AGRIBALYSE</td><td>m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td>EDIP 2003: terrestrial toxicity exposure route water without pesticides + SALCA pesticide + facteur AGRIBALYSE</td><td>m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td>CML2001/Ecoinvent® V2</td><td>m<sup>2</sup> xan</td></tr><tr><td>Occupation des terres</td><td>Terres occupées</td><td></td><td>MJ</td></tr><tr><td>Reewable, biomass</td><td>Consommations de biomass (propane, natural gaz etc)</td><td></td><td>MJ</td></tr><tr><td>Renewable, wind, solar, geothe</td><td>Consommations de renewable, wind, solar, geothermal</td><td></td><td>MJ</td></tr><tr><td>Renewable water</td><td>Consommation de renewable d'eaux (Eau de pluie)</td><td></td><td>MJ</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><caption>Annex 3: Animal feed Physicochemical Properties(French)</caption><thead><tr><td>Ingrédient</td><td>MS%</td><td>EB</td><td>dE porc</td><td>N (g/kg)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Amidon de mais</td><td>88.10</td><td>3690.00</td><td>98.00</td><td>1.28</td></tr><tr><td>amidon de pomme de terre</td><td>83.00</td><td>3380.00</td><td>3180.00</td><td>1.28</td></tr><tr><td>Argile</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autes COV + Xynalase (phytase)</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autes ingrédients</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autre : Citrus</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autre : COV</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autres</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autres : concentré protéique de luzerne</td><td>91.80</td><td>4720.00</td><td>84.00</td><td>80.32</td></tr><tr><td>Autres : Natuphos 5000 (phytase)</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autres : Phytase (Naphtulos et COV 0,5%)</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Autres : phytase (Natuphos 5000 et COV0,5 + xynalase)</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Avoine</td><td>88.10</td><td>4100.00</td><td>66.00</td><td>15.68</td></tr><tr><td>Avoine biologique</td><td>88.10</td><td>4100.00</td><td>66.00</td><td>15.68</td></tr><tr><td>Blé</td><td>86.80</td><td>3780.00</td><td>88.00</td><td>16.80</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre</td><td>86.80</td><td>3780.00</td><td>88.00</td><td>16.80</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre biologique</td><td>86.80</td><td>3780.00</td><td>88.00</td><td>16.80</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre/local</td><td>86.80</td><td>3780.00</td><td>88.00</td><td>16.80</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre sans transport</td><td>86.80</td><td>3780.00</td><td>88.00</td><td>16.80</td></tr><tr><td>Carbonate de calcium</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Concentré de protéines de pomme de terre</td><td>92.30</td><td>4900.00</td><td>94.00</td><td>124.16</td></tr><tr><td>Concentré de protéines de soja</td><td>87.60</td><td>4080.00</td><td>87.50</td><td>69.28</td></tr><tr><td>Concentré proteique de poisson (CPSP)</td><td>96.00</td><td>5860.00</td><td>85.00</td><td>116.00</td></tr><tr><td>Corn gluten feed</td><td>88.00</td><td>3930.00</td><td>71.00</td><td>30.88</td></tr><tr><td>DL Méthionine</td><td>99.50</td><td>5640.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>93.44</td></tr><tr><td>Enrubannage</td><td>55.00</td><td>2440.35</td><td>0.00</td><td>11.79</td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage herbe</td><td>33.50</td><td>920.34</td><td>0.00</td><td>7.45</td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage herbe biologique</td><td>33.50</td><td>920.34</td><td>0.00</td><td>7.45</td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage maïs</td><td>35.00</td><td>1335.60</td><td>0.00</td><td>4.53</td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage maïs biologique</td><td>35.00</td><td>1335.60</td><td>0.00</td><td>4.53</td></tr><tr><td>Farine basse de blé tendre</td><td>88.20</td><td>3980.00</td><td>90.00</td><td>20.32</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de maïs</td><td>87.30</td><td>4040.00</td><td>73.00</td><td>14.40</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de poisson Amérique du Sud</td><td>94.30</td><td>4380.00</td><td>85.00</td><td>100.16</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de Poisson Atlantique nord</td><td>94.30</td><td>4380.00</td><td>85.00</td><td>100.16</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de poisson de découpe (Europe)</td><td>94.30</td><td>4380.00</td><td>85.00</td><td>100.16</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de sang</td><td>90.00</td><td>4950.00</td><td>4150.00</td><td>134.40</td></tr><tr><td>Féverole blanche</td><td>86.10</td><td>3850.00</td><td>87.00</td><td>42.88</td></tr><tr><td>Féverole colorée biologique</td><td>86.50</td><td>3870.00</td><td>84.00</td><td>40.64</td></tr><tr><td>Foin</td><td>85.00</td><td>3778.25</td><td>0.00</td><td>20.96</td></tr><tr><td>Foin biologique</td><td>85.00</td><td>3778.25</td><td>0.00</td><td>20.96</td></tr><tr><td>Foin de luzerne</td><td>85.00</td><td>3756.15</td><td>0.00</td><td>20.96</td></tr><tr><td>Gluten feed de blé</td><td>90.60</td><td>4020.00</td><td>74.00</td><td>23.52</td></tr><tr><td>Graine de colza</td><td>92.20</td><td>6310.00</td><td>84.00</td><td>30.56</td></tr><tr><td>Graine de soja</td><td>88.10</td><td>4870.00</td><td>81.50</td><td>55.68</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de soja biologique</td>
    <td>88.10</td>
    <td>4870.00</td>
    <td>81.50</td>
    <td>55.68</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de soja extrudée</td>
    <td>88.10</td>
    <td>4870.00</td>
    <td>81.50</td>
    <td>55.68</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de tournesol</td>
    <td>93.00</td>
    <td>6370.00</td>
    <td>72.50</td>
    <td>25.60</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de tournesol biologique</td>
    <td>93.00</td>
    <td>6370.00</td>
    <td>72.50</td>
    <td>25.60</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P(20%) et prarieT+légumineuse(80%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>ensilage, prairie temporaire, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>33.50</td>
    <td>920.34</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>7.45</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie temporaire, avec légum., Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P(14%) et prarieT+légumineuse(86%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>enrubannage, prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>55.00</td>
    <td>2440.35</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>11.79</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P(25%) et prarieT+légumineuse(75%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie temporaire, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>923.97</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P(24%) et prarieT+légumineuse(76%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne, ovin</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne, ovin</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>923.97</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>ensilage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne</td>
    <td>33.50</td>
    <td>920.34</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>7.45</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest, caprin</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P Auvergne(68%) et prarieT+légumineuse Nord-Nord Ouest(32%), ovin</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>3778.25</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie temporaire, avec légum., Nord- Nord Ouest, ovin</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>enrubannage, prairie P Auvergne(68%) et prarieT+légumineuse Nord-Nord Ouest(32%), ovin</td>
    <td>55.00</td>
    <td>2440.35</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>11.79</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Huile de colza</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>72.50</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>huile de coprah</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Huile de graine de lin</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Huile de palme</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Huile de poisson Amérique du Sud</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Huile de poisson Atlantique nord</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Huile de poisson de découpe (Europe)</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Huile de soja</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Lait pour les agneaux</td>
    <td>13.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>88.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Lait pour les veaux</td>
    <td>13.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>52.42</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>LEVURE DE BIERE</td>
    <td>93.30</td>
    <td>4460.00</td>
    <td>86.00</td>
    <td>74.40</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>L-Lysine HCl</td>
    <td>99.50</td>
    <td>4780.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>152.64</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>L-Théonine</td>
    <td>99.50</td>
    <td>4120.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>116.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>L-Tryptophane</td>
    <td>99.50</td>
    <td>6570.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>136.48</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Luzerne déshydratée</td>
    <td>91.40</td>
    <td>3930.00</td>
    <td>44.00</td>
    <td>22.08</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Luzerne déshydratée biologique</td>
    <td>91.40</td>
    <td>3930.00</td>
    <td>44.00</td>
    <td>22.08</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain</td>
    <td>86.40</td>
    <td>3860.00</td>
    <td>89.50</td>
    <td>12.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain biologique</td>
    <td>86.40</td>
    <td>3860.00</td>
    <td>89.50</td>
    <td>12.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain humide</td>
    <td>64.80</td>
    <td>2890.00</td>
    <td>89.50</td>
    <td>9.76</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain humide/local</td>
    <td>64.80</td>
    <td>2890.00</td>
    <td>89.50</td>
    <td>9.76</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Mélasse de canne</td>
    <td>73.30</td>
    <td>2630.00</td>
    <td>86.00</td>
    <td>6.40</td>
  </tr>
</table>
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>Noyau oligovitaminique</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge</td>
    <td>86.70</td>
    <td>3810.00</td>
    <td>82.00</td>
    <td>16.16</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge biologique</td>
    <td>86.70</td>
    <td>3810.00</td>
    <td>82.00</td>
    <td>16.16</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge/local</td>
    <td>86.70</td>
    <td>3810.00</td>
    <td>82.00</td>
    <td>16.16</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge sans transport</td>
    <td>86.70</td>
    <td>3810.00</td>
    <td>82.00</td>
    <td>16.16</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Paille non traitée</td>
    <td>88.00</td>
    <td>4040.00</td>
    <td>15.50</td>
    <td>6.08</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie permanente auvergne</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>923.97</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie permanente bretonne avec trèfle</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie temporaire bretonne avec trèfle</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie temporaire bretonne avec trèfle biologique</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie temporaire bretonne sans trèfle</td>
    <td>20.00</td>
    <td>888.48</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>5.50</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Phosphate bicalcique</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pois protéagineux</td>
    <td>86.40</td>
    <td>3770.00</td>
    <td>89.50</td>
    <td>33.12</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pois protéagineux biologique</td>
    <td>86.40</td>
    <td>3770.00</td>
    <td>89.50</td>
    <td>33.12</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Poudre de lactosérum délactosé</td>
    <td>96.40</td>
    <td>3730.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.16</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Poudre de lait écrémé</td>
    <td>94.70</td>
    <td>4140.00</td>
    <td>95.00</td>
    <td>54.56</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>protéines de soja (farine)</td>
    <td>87.60</td>
    <td>4080.00</td>
    <td>87.50</td>
    <td>69.28</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pulpe de betterave déshydratée</td>
    <td>89.10</td>
    <td>3620.00</td>
    <td>76.50</td>
    <td>12.96</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Rémoulage de blé tendre</td>
    <td>87.90</td>
    <td>4000.00</td>
    <td>77.50</td>
    <td>23.84</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Saindoux</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Sel (NaCl)</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Son de blé tendre</td>
    <td>87.10</td>
    <td>3930.00</td>
    <td>60.00</td>
    <td>23.68</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Son de blé tendre biologique</td>
    <td>87.10</td>
    <td>3930.00</td>
    <td>60.00</td>
    <td>23.68</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Suif</td>
    <td>100.00</td>
    <td>9380.00</td>
    <td>85.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau d'arachide</td>
    <td>89.60</td>
    <td>4410.00</td>
    <td>84.00</td>
    <td>78.24</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de colza</td>
    <td>88.70</td>
    <td>4090.00</td>
    <td>70.50</td>
    <td>53.92</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de colza biologique</td>
    <td>88.70</td>
    <td>4090.00</td>
    <td>70.50</td>
    <td>53.92</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de soja</td>
    <td>87.60</td>
    <td>4080.00</td>
    <td>87.50</td>
    <td>69.28</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de soja biologique</td>
    <td>87.60</td>
    <td>4080.00</td>
    <td>87.50</td>
    <td>69.28</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de tournesol</td>
    <td>88.70</td>
    <td>4100.00</td>
    <td>56.00</td>
    <td>44.32</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de tournesol biologique</td>
    <td>88.70</td>
    <td>4100.00</td>
    <td>56.00</td>
    <td>44.32</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de tournesol non décortiqué</td>
    <td>88.70</td>
    <td>4100.00</td>
    <td>56.00</td>
    <td>44.32</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Tourteau de tournesol semi-décortiqué</td>
    <td>89.70</td>
    <td>4150.00</td>
    <td>62.00</td>
    <td>53.44</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Triticale</td>
    <td>87.30</td>
    <td>3760.00</td>
    <td>87.00</td>
    <td>15.36</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Triticale biologique</td>
    <td>87.30</td>
    <td>3760.00</td>
    <td>87.00</td>
    <td>15.36</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Urée pure</td>
    <td>98.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>21.01</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Vitamines</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Poudre de lactosérum doux</td>
    <td>96.00</td>
    <td>3600.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>20.48</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Phosphore</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Calcium</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Magnésium</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Magnésie</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pulpe d'agrumes déshydratée</td>
    <td>89.30</td>
    <td>4188.00</td>
    <td>78.00</td>
    <td>10.08</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Sodium</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Zinc</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Manganèse</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
    <td>0.00</td>
  </tr>
</table>
<table><tr><td>Cuivre</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Iode</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Cobalt</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Sélénium</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate monocalcique</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td></tr></table>

Appendix IV. 1: Dry Matter and Ash Content of raw feed materials (French-version)

<table><thead><tr><th>Ingrédient</th><th>MS%<br>(DM%)</th><th>Cendres (%<br>MF) -Ash<br>content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Amidon de mais</td><td>88.1</td><td>0.2</td></tr><tr><td>Amidon de pomme de terre</td><td>83</td><td>0.25</td></tr><tr><td>Autres : concentré protéique de luzerne</td><td>91.8</td><td>11.2</td></tr><tr><td>Avoine</td><td>88.1</td><td>2.7</td></tr><tr><td>Avoine biologique</td><td>88.1</td><td>2.7</td></tr><tr><td>Blé</td><td>86.8</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre</td><td>86.8</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre biologique</td><td>86.8</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre sans transport</td><td>86.8</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>Blé tendre/local</td><td>86.8</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>Concentré de protéines de pomme de terre</td><td>92.3</td><td>0.9</td></tr><tr><td>Concentré de protéines de soja</td><td>87.6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Concentré proteique de poisson (CPSP)</td><td>96</td><td>6.6</td></tr><tr><td>Corn gluten feed</td><td>88</td><td>6.4</td></tr><tr><td>DL Méthionine</td><td>99.5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Enrubannage</td><td>55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>enrubannage, prairie P Auvergne(68%) et prarieT+légumineuse Nord-Nord Ouest(32%), ovin</td><td>55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>enrubannage, prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td><td>55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage herbe</td><td>33.5</td><td>3.36</td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage herbe biologique</td><td>33.5</td><td>3.36</td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage maïs</td><td>35</td><td>1.86</td></tr><tr><td>Ensilage maïs biologique</td><td>35</td><td>1.86</td></tr><tr><td>ensilage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne</td><td>33.5</td><td>3.36</td></tr><tr><td>ensilage, prairie temporaire, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td><td>33.5</td><td>3.36</td></tr><tr><td>Farine basse de blé tendre</td><td>88.2</td><td>2.4</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de maïs</td><td>87.3</td><td>2.3</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de poisson Amérique du Sud</td><td>94.3</td><td>20.8</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de Poisson Atlantique nord</td><td>94.3</td><td>20.8</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de poisson de découpe (Europe)</td><td>94.3</td><td>20.8</td></tr><tr><td>Farine de sang</td><td>90</td><td>4.45</td></tr><tr><td>Féverole blanche</td><td>86.1</td><td>3.6</td></tr><tr><td>Féverole colorée biologique</td><td>86.5</td><td>3.6</td></tr><tr><td>Foin</td><td>85</td><td>7.17</td></tr><tr><td>Foin biologique</td><td>85</td><td>7.17</td></tr><tr><td>Foin de luzerne</td><td>85</td><td>7.82</td></tr><tr><td>foin, prairie P Auvergne(68%) et prarieT+légumineuse Nord-Nord Ouest(32%), ovin</td><td>85</td><td>7.17</td></tr><tr><td>foin, prairie P(14%) et prarieT+légumineuse(86%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td><td>85</td><td>7.17</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P(20%) et prarieT+légumineuse(80%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P(24%) et prarieT+légumineuse(76%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie P(25%) et prarieT+légumineuse(75%), Nord-Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest, caprin</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne, ovin</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>foin, prairie temporaire, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>85</td>
    <td>7.17</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Gluten feed de blé</td>
    <td>90.6</td>
    <td>7.4</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de colza</td>
    <td>92.2</td>
    <td>4</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de soja</td>
    <td>88.1</td>
    <td>5.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de soja biologique</td>
    <td>88.1</td>
    <td>5.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de soja extrudée</td>
    <td>88.1</td>
    <td>5.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de tournesol</td>
    <td>93</td>
    <td>3.4</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Graine de tournesol biologique</td>
    <td>93</td>
    <td>3.4</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>L-Lysine HCl</td>
    <td>99.5</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>L-Threonine</td>
    <td>99.5</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>L-Tryptophane</td>
    <td>99.5</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Lait pour les agneaux</td>
    <td>13</td>
    <td>0.8</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Lait pour les veaux</td>
    <td>13</td>
    <td>0.8</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>LEVURE DE BIERE</td>
    <td>93.3</td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Luzerne déshydratée</td>
    <td>91.4</td>
    <td>9.9</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Luzerne déshydratée biologique</td>
    <td>91.4</td>
    <td>9.9</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain</td>
    <td>86.4</td>
    <td>1.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain biologique</td>
    <td>86.4</td>
    <td>1.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain humide</td>
    <td>64.8</td>
    <td>0.9</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Maïs grain humide/local</td>
    <td>64.8</td>
    <td>0.9</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Mélasse de canne</td>
    <td>73.3</td>
    <td>1.1</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge</td>
    <td>86.7</td>
    <td>2.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge biologique</td>
    <td>86.7</td>
    <td>2.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge sans transport</td>
    <td>86.7</td>
    <td>2.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Orge/local</td>
    <td>86.7</td>
    <td>2.2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Paille non traitée</td>
    <td>88</td>
    <td>5.9</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage prairie permanente, avec légumineuses, Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie permanente auvergne</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie permanente bretonne avec trèfle</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie temporaire bretonne avec trèfle</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie temporaire bretonne avec trèfle biologique</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pâturage sur prairie temporaire bretonne sans trèfle</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Auvergne, ovin</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie permanente, sans légum., Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie temporaire, avec légum., Nord- Nord Ouest</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>pâturage, prairie temporaire, avec légum., Nord- Nord Ouest, ovin</td>
    <td>20</td>
    <td>2</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pois protéagineux</td>
    <td>86.4</td>
    <td>3</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pois protéagineux biologique</td>
    <td>86.4</td>
    <td>3</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Poudre de lactosérum délactosé</td>
    <td>96.4</td>
    <td>8.7</td>
  </tr>
</table>
<table><tr><td>Poudre de lactosérum doux</td><td>96</td><td>7.8</td></tr><tr><td>Poudre de lait écrémé</td><td>94.7</td><td>8.2</td></tr><tr><td>protéines de soja (farine)</td><td>87.6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pulpe d'agrumes déshydratée</td><td>89.3</td><td>6.3</td></tr><tr><td>Pulpe de betterave déshydratée</td><td>89.1</td><td>6.3</td></tr><tr><td>Rémoulage de blé tendre</td><td>87.9</td><td>3.4</td></tr><tr><td>Saindoux</td><td>100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Son de blé tendre</td><td>87.1</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Son de blé tendre biologique</td><td>87.1</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Suif</td><td>100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau d'arachide</td><td>89.6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de colza</td><td>88.7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de colza biologique</td><td>88.7</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de soja</td><td>87.6</td><td>6.5</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de soja biologique</td><td>87.6</td><td>6.5</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de tournesol</td><td>88.7</td><td>6.2</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de tournesol biologique</td><td>88.7</td><td>6.2</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de tournesol non décortiqué</td><td>88.7</td><td>6.2</td></tr><tr><td>Tourteau de tournesol semi-décortiqué</td><td>89.7</td><td>6.7</td></tr><tr><td>Triticale</td><td>87.3</td><td>1.9</td></tr><tr><td>Triticale biologique</td><td>87.3</td><td>1.9</td></tr><tr><td>Urée pure</td><td>98</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>En cas d'absence des valeurs - Moyennes</strong></td><td><strong>78.24</strong></td><td><strong>4.82</strong></td></tr></table>

## Examples

<table><caption>Annex 4: Intermediate Out-put format of animal feed for further processing (Example)</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Feed Ingredients</th><th>%Com</th><th>Qty</th><th>A</th><th>B</th><th>%FFF</th><th>DM</th><th>N<sub>content</sub>(g/kg)</th><th>DE</th><th>%Ash</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Blé tendre</td><td>54.54</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>86.80</td><td>16.80</td><td>3780</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Orge</td><td>0.18</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>3810</td><td>2.2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Maïs grain</td><td>0.52</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>99.50</td><td>93.44</td><td>3860</td><td>1.2</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Maïs grain humide</td><td>15</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>92.20</td><td>30.56</td><td>2890</td><td>0.9</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Son de blé tendre</td><td>1.46</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>99.50</td><td>152.64</td><td>3930</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Rémoulage de blé tendre</td><td>4.8</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>99.50</td><td>116.96</td><td>4000</td><td>3.4</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Pois protéaugineux</td><td>0.82</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>86.40</td><td>12.96</td><td>3770</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Tourteau de soja</td><td>6.38</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>64.80</td><td>9.76</td><td>4090</td><td>6.5</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Tourteau de colza</td><td>12.5</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>73.30</td><td>6.40</td><td>4080</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Tourteau de tournesol non décortiqué</td><td>0.7</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>86.70</td><td>16.16</td><td>4100</td><td>6.2</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Graine de colza</td><td>0.24</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>6310</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Mélasse de canne</td><td>0.126</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>86.40</td><td>33.12</td><td>2630</td><td>1.1</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Carbonate of calcium</td><td>1.294</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>87.90</td><td>23.84</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Phosphate bicalcique</td><td>0.036</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>0.00</td><td>0.00</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Sel (NaCl)</td><td>0.3</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>87.10</td><td>23.68</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>L-Lysine HCl</td><td>0.388</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>88.70</td><td>53.92</td><td>4780</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>DL Méthionine</td><td>0.018</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>87.60</td><td>69.28</td><td>5640</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>L-Threonine</td><td>0.102</td><td>70</td><td></td><td></td><td>30</td><td>88.70</td><td>44.32</td><td>4120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td></td><td>100%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>=</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

%Comp = %Composition, A=%Purchased, B= %Feed Fabricated in the Farm, DM = Dry Matter,

N<sub>content</sub> = Nitrogen Content of Ingredient, %Ash = Content

Ash = Cendre, MS% = DM%

$$ \text{Qty} = \text{Quantity of feed} = \text{Consumption rate (kg/head/dy)} * \% \text{Composition} $$

$$ N - \text{content of ingredient (each), g/kg} = (\text{MAT}/6,25) * 10 $$
Annex 5: Product Output Inventory list datasets developed by AGRIBALYSE

<table><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Product Dataset Out-Put from Breeding sow</td><td>Unit</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Pg, conventional, excess slurry treatment, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Pig, conventional, fed rapeseed meal, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Pig, conventional, fed soybean meal, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Pig, conventional, on-farm feed supply, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Pig, conventional, national average, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Pig, Label rouge, outdoor system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Pig, label rouge, pig with run-system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Pig, organic, at farm gate /FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr></tbody></table>

Annex 6: Output as a Co-product Resource from Breeding Sows list datasets developed by AGRIBALYSE

<table><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Product Dataset Out-Put from Breeding sow</td><td>Unit</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Cull sow, conventional, excess slurry treatment, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Cull sow, conventional, fed rapeseed meal, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Cull sow, conventional, fed soybean meal, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Cull sow, conventional, on-farm feed supply, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Cull sow, conventional, national average, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Cull sow, Label rouge, outdoor system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Cull sow, label rouge, pig with run-system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Cull sow, organic, at farm gate /FR U</td><td>kg</td></tr></tbody></table>

Annex 7: Calculation: Excretion and Stored Manure Management Parameters (Example)

<table><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Animal category</th><th rowspan="2">Animal Class</th><th colspan="2">Quantity of Excreta</th></tr><tr><th>Unit*</th><th>Quantity of Excreta**</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="4">Breeding Sow</td><td>Lactating Sows</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gestating Sows</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gilts</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Boars</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>Average Excreta of breeding Sows</strong></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Weaners</td><td>Weaners in 1<sup>st</sup> age</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weaners in 2<sup>nd</sup> age</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>Average Excreta of breeding Sows</strong></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Fattening pigs</td><td>Growers</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Finishing</td><td>kg/head/d or m³/head/d</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>Average Excreta of breeding Sows</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>*In general, for liquid/slurry excreta, the unit is m³ and for solid, kg. **Values entered by the user</footnote>
<table><caption>Annex 8: Emission Models Retained in AGRIBALYSE and platform MEANS (in this Project)</caption><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Item</th><th rowspan="2">Substance</th><th rowspan="2">Emission to</th><th rowspan="2">Emission/Excretion location</th><th colspan="2">Models Retained/Selected</th></tr><tr><th>AGRIBALYSE</th><th>Platform MEANS</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Nitrogen</td><td></td><td>Building<br/>Out-door runs</td><td>CORPEN 2003</td><td>CORPEN 2003</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Emission in the Building</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2009 Tier 2</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 2<br/>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 3<sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>NH<sub>3</sub></td><td>Air</td><td>Emission from manure<br/>storage structures</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2009 Tier 2</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Emission in Out-door runs</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2009 Tier 2</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 2<br/>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 3<sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>N<sub>2</sub>O direct</td><td>Air</td><td>Emission from manure<br/>storage structures</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Emission in Out-door runs</td><td>IPCCGIEC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>N<sub>2</sub>O Indirect</td><td>Air</td><td>Emission in the Building</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Emission in Out-door runs</td><td>IPCC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>IPCC2006b Tier 2</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>NO</td><td>Air</td><td>Emission in the Building</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2009 Tier 1</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Emission from manure<br/>storage structures</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2009 Tier 1</td><td>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 1<br/>EMEP/EEP 2013 Tier 2<sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></td><td>Eau</td><td>Emission in Out-door runs</td><td>Basset-Mens et al. 2007</td><td>Basset-Mens et al. 2007</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Enteric emissions</td><td>GIEC 2006b Tier 1</td><td>GIEC 2006b Tier 1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Emission in the Building</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>CH<sub>4</sub></td><td>Air</td><td>Emission from manure<br/>storage structures</td><td>GIEC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>GIEC 2006b Tier 2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Emission in Out-door runs</td><td>GIEC 2006b Tier 2</td><td>GIEC 2006b Tier 2</td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote>a New emission models added in this project</footnote>
<table><caption>Annex 9: Products and Co-products datasets developed by AGRIBALYSE</caption><thead><tr><th>Product groups/Scenario</th><th>Stage</th><th>Product Variants/</th><th>Product Data Sets</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="12">Conventional</td><td>Sows</td><td>Pig, conventional, excess slurry treatment, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Conventional porc production, fed rapeseed meal, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Weaners</td><td>Pig, conventional, fed soybean meal, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Conventional porc production, fed rapeseed meal, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Finishing</td><td>Pig, conventional, national average, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Conventional porc production, fed rapeseed meal, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, fed soybean meal, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, fed soybean meal, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, fed soybean meal, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, on-farm feed supply, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, on-farm feed supply, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, on-farm feed supply, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, excess slurry treatment, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, excess slurry treatment, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, excess slurry treatment, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, national average, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, national average, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR<br>Conventional porc production, national average, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Sows</td><td>Pig, Label rouge, outdoor system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Label Rouge porc production, outdoor system, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Weaners</td><td>Pig, label rouge, pig with run-system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Label Rouge porc production, outdoor system, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Finishers</td><td>Pig, organic, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Label Rouge porc production, outdoor system, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR<br>Label Rouge porc production, with run system, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR<br>Label Rouge porc production, with run system, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR<br>Label Rouge porc production, with run system, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR<br>Label Rouge porc production, with run system, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR<br>Label Rouge porc production, with run system, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR<br>Label Rouge porc production, with run system, animal class 3, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Sows</td><td>Pig, Label rouge, outdoor system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Organic porc production, animal class 1, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Weaners</td><td>Pig, label rouge, pig with run-system, at farm gate/FR U</td><td>Organic porc production, animal class 2, at farm/p/FR</td></tr><tr><td>Finishing</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<figure><img src="image_44.png" /><figcaption>Enlarged Model Diagrams 1: Animal feed Management Modeling</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_45.png" /><figcaption>Enlarged Model Diagrams 2: Excreta and manure Management System Modeling</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_46.png" /><figcaption>Enlarged Model Diagrams 3: N-Model</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_47.png" /><figcaption>Enlarged Model Diagrams 4: NH3 Model</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_48.png" /><figcaption>Enlarged Model Diagrams 5: CH4 Model calculation procedure</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="image_49.png" /><figcaption>N excretion Model (CORPEN, 2003)</figcaption></figure>
InOut form Developed within the stage Inofrmation

Stage information

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# Stage system referential - Data collect

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Animals in the system:

Number of sows present: 136.0

Number of places (max): 45.0

Gestating sows

Number of gestating sows: 78.0

Average length of presence (days/year): 80.0

Lactating sows

Number of lactating sows: 30.0

Average length of presence (days/year): 30.0

Exit animals:

Piglets

Number of weaned piglets: 120.0

Number of piglets died: 12.0

Culling sows

Number of culling sows : 15.0

Average weight (kg) : 156.0

Sows lost

Number of sows lost (including death and lose): 13.0

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Activity technical datas Sows

Feeding

Livestock area

Used Energy

Manure Building

Water consumed

Dejections

Add/Modify Ratio :

Ration name:

<figure><img src="image_66.png" /></figure>

Distribution duration (days):

<figure><img src="image_67.png" /></figure>

Time passed indoor (%):

<figure><img src="image_68.png" /></figure>

Feeding Management :

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Id Feed Feed consumption (kg/day/head)

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Id ▲ Available feeds ▼

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<table><tr><td>1</td><td>aliment 1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>aliment 2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>aliment 3</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>aliment 4</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>aliment 5</td></tr></table>

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Ration name Distribution duration (days)

▲ Time passed indoor (%)

▼ Feeding Management

▼ Feeds

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<table><tr><td>ration name</td><td>120</td><td>100</td><td>Triphase</td><td>aliment 1 : 50 kg/j/tête<br>aliment 2 : 80 kg/j/tête</td></tr></table>

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Activity technical datas Sows

Feeding

Livestock area

Used Energy

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Water consumed

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Outside space / trail :

Covered surface (m²): 456.0

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Livestock buildings :

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Housing type : BAT TEST 1 EN ▼

Floor type : TSOL TEST 02 EN ▼

Type of bedding material : LITIER TEST 01 EN ▼

Quantity of bedding material used (kg/head/day):

Area occupied by animals (m²/head/day) :

Housing environmental control system : TVENT TEST 02 EN ▼

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Housing list:

<table><thead><tr><th>Housing type</th><th>Floor type</th><th>Type of bedding material</th><th>Quantity of bedding material used (kg/head/day)</th><th>Area occupied by animals (m²/head/day)</th><th>Housing environmental control system</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>BAT TEST 1 EN</td><td>TSOL TEST 1 EN</td><td>LITIER TEST 01 EN</td><td>123</td><td>45 m²</td><td>TVENT TEST 1 EN</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Adapting “GTTT-GTE” Pig herd Technical Performance Inventory and Data Management Methodology and Reports for the Platform MEANS Inventory Inputs

Forwarding Idea

Tesfabirhan Weldegabir REDIE

INRA; UMR SAS Rennes, France

20/07/2015

*This forwarding idea was a solution I thought after I faced a challenge while searching possible and reliable data source during inventory work by LCA practitioners who will use platform MEANS. It is a simple brainstorming idea that it may be applied on ground.*

*As an initial, I discussed with my project supervisor Julie AUBERGER and a Research Scientist at INRA Hayo M.G. van der Werf*

# Data Source, Processing and Quality of Pig inventory systems

## 1. Introduction

During Life Cycle Inventory phase quality data holds a crucial role. The degree of confidence is measured on the quality of individual data inventory and the data set as a whole (Basset-Mens et al., 2006). To get a high quality data, the source is an important factor. Based on data acquisition and source International Reference Life Cycle Data System of EC classifies data into two: *Specific Data*<sup>75</sup> and *Secondary Data*<sup>76</sup>. Specific data refers those data collected directly “on-site” or from suppliers and secondary data is a data sourced from a third party life cycle inventory database or other compiled sources (EC - JRC, 2010).

Data can be acquired in different way. For agricultural production systems there are three ways of data acquisition(Basset-Mens, 2005). These are:

1. Data acquired from a farm directly.

2. Data acquired from representative farm

3. Data acquired from regional or nation statistical average values or personal communications.

To measure the degree of confidence, AGRIBALYSE ® further explicitly divided the source of data into six as follows:

1. Statistics, publicly available and well documented

2. Statistics, with restricted access or scientific literature, publicly available

3. A typical case, well documented

4. A typical case, poorly documented

5. According to expert

6. Individual case/estimated

These two classification systems have different approaches as shown in **Figure 1**. The first focuses on reliability data acquiring system before the actual life cycle analysis starts, while the latter is mainly concerned on validity and the type of data entered for analysis. These two cross check mechanisms guides the principle of data selection for LCI.

As LCA is a standard and scientific procedure, if there exists a system of acquiring data developed so far with sound reputation there could not be any other way better than adapting it.

## 2. Problem Identification

During resource inventory, the method of data acquisition depends on the objectives of LCA (Rebitzer, et al., 2004). Once data is collected, it may need further processing before documenting into an LCA tool. When the

<footnote n="75"><sup>75</sup> Specific data collected refers data directly measured or collected, representative of core processes (foreground) at a specific facility or set of facilities.</footnote>

<footnote n="76"><sup>76</sup> Secondary data refers to data sourced from a third-party life cycle inventory database or other sources that compiles with the data quality requirements of the Environmental Footprint method.</footnote>
data to be processed is large and over an extended period of time, data management system becomes an important part of the inventory so that the final required data can be calculated systematically.

In case of pig production system, there are different types of data that need to be collected before starting LCA. One of the main input data required is farm activity. Within a given period of time, the population is dynamic which required a continuous data registry and processing. Such types of data include: initial herd size in the farm, reproduction during the period of time concerned, animals that entered and left the farm, and those who died or lost during the period of study. Therefore, a simple and one time data entry cannot give us information needed for the overall inventory system (IPCC, 2006).

The problem that exists within this context is the method followed for data management and processing. Be it at individual farm, a representative or regional and national level, the input data needs prior processing before using them for LCA.

Based on this problem some of the basic questions that need to addressed are:

1. Is there any method so far developed to process data from pig farming systems?

2. If there is, how reliable is to use the method?

3. If the method is found to be relevant, can it be considered as a trusted primary data source?

<figure><img src="image_83.png" /><figcaption>Figure 2: Input Data Acquisition, Processing and Verification System</figcaption></figure>

### 3. Livestock population data for inventory use in LCA

IPCC (2006)77, EMPEP/EEP (2013)78, CITEPA (2014)79 used Average Annual Population (AAP) as an input data on livestock size. This simplified approach might be applicable when inventory is done at national or regional level and the value obtained is estimated based on the maximum number of places available or surface area required per animal, rate of occupation per year (CITEPA, 2014; IPCC, 2006).

$$ AAP = Days\_alive \times \left( \frac{NAPA}{365} \right) \quad (\text{CITEPA, 2014; IPCC, 2006}) $$

Where: AAP = Annual Average Population

NAPA = Number of animals produced annually

Such values might not be relevant when precise information is required. For example: for Product Declarations Rules8081, Eco labeling82 and Product Comparisons83 (ISO, 2006). The disadvantage of using average values is

<footnote n="77">77 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</footnote>

<footnote n="78">78 European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environmental Agency</footnote>

<footnote n="79">79 Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique</footnote>

<footnote n="80">80 ISO 14025 – Environmental Labels and Declarations –Type III Environmental Declarations</footnote>

<footnote n="81">81 Grenelle de l'Environnement Law (2007) – omnibus législation</footnote>

<footnote n="82">82 Regulation (EC) No 66/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the EU Ecolabel</footnote>
that seasonal births, sells, slaughters, death or losses may cause the population size to expand or contract at different times of the year that may need adjustments accordingly (IPCC, 2006). To overcome this disadvantage, full documentation is important to calculate the annual average population.

Depending on the objective of LCA if there is a need to overcome these disadvantages detailed resource inventory is required. In France for example, there is a well-established herd management and inventory software used as on "On-Site" inventory tool on practice since 1968 (ITP, 2000). The inventory software gives detailed information on herd flow, animal feed consumption, sells, costs and profitability

## 4. French Pig Herd Management Systems

French law « L'ARRETE Arrêté du 5 juin 2000 relatif au registre d'élevage NOR: AGRG0001128A Version consolidée au 09 juillet 2015 Article L. 234-1 du code rural et de la pêche maritime » states that:

> "...Tout propriétaire ou détenteur d'animaux appartenant à des espèces dont la chair ou les produits doivent être cédés en vue de la consommation doit tenir un registre d'élevage régulièrement mis à jour sur lequel il recense chronologiquement les données sanitaires, zootechniques et médicales relatives aux animaux élevés..."

This law directs all producers to conduct proper registry of their livestock performance and related activity within the farm. Such information is crucial for producers, policy and decision makers.

France has developed of documentation system for pigs using computer programs since late 1960s (ITP, 2000). French National computerized program for analysis of "On-the-farm sow record" has been in practice since 1968. It has two main components: one which performs detailed herd size and animal performance as well as comparison between groups and the second one is mainly for forecasting. For herd size analysis, feed consumption, yield and price considered as shown below.

1. Technical Management of Sow Herds (GTTT) - in French, Gestion Technique du Troupeau de Truies GTTT, Analyze quantitativ ely productivity criteria of sows, fertility and population of breeding and makes a precise diagnosis on the level of the herd size. It also helps in the management of herd replacements and forecasting.

2. Technical and Economical Management of the Farm (GTE) - Gestion Technico-Economique de l'Atelier - GTE- Analyze criteria for feed consumption index, the productivity and mortality. It is used for measuring and comparing cost margins.

3. Score Board (TB) - Tableau de Bord - TB - reports a comprehensive costing section providing cash flow reports and a margin report that also calculates the total cost per kilo of pig meat produced from each farm.

## 5. Organization of GTTT, GTE and TB working Principle

Reliable and well documented data source is a key success for LCI. This helps in transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy of data to be used (IPCC, 2006; EC - JRC, 2010; ISO, 2006).

Information available in GTTT, GTE and TB is large. Not all the information is usable for LCA analysis. For LCI of pig production systems data listed in Table 1 below are required.

<table><caption>Table 1: LCI documentation system requirements of Pig production systems (After OIS)</caption><thead><tr><td>Item</td><td>Breeding herd/sows</td><td>Post-weaning</td><td>Fattening pigs</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Number of gilts</td><td>Number of weaned piglets entering weaners' stage</td><td>Number of pigs/hogs entering fattening stage</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Number of gestating sows</td><td>Number of weaned piglets leaving weaners' stage</td><td>Body weight of hogs entering fattening stage</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Number of lactating sows</td><td>Body weight of piglets entering Weaners' stage</td><td>Length of presence time in fattening stage</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Average length of presence time in gestation</td><td>Number of weaned piglets lost and died</td><td>Number of hogs leaving fattening stage</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Average length of presence time in lactation</td><td>Number of places in weaners' stage</td><td>%Lean of Fattened pigs</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Number of died piglets</td><td></td><td>Number of places in Fattening stage</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Number of culling sows</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Body weight of culling sow</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Number of sows lost and died</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Body weight of gilt</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Number of weaned piglets</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<footnote n="83">83 ISO 14044</footnote>
The above data (Table 1) required for conducting LCA for pig production can easily be founded in a French system of Pig Production herd Management System Inventory of GTTT, GTE and TB.

## 6. Primary Data Inventory for GTTT-GTE

For pig inventory, daily input is done to follow the flow of activities within the farm. Animals that enter stay and the leave the farm are registered. As it shown in Table 2 below, the registration includes animals that join the existing livestock, those who enter at any time within the period of study, animals born, died, taken away for health related activities, animals sold for meat or other purpose and those who left after spending some time. Feed consumption and animal body weight are also other entities registered on daily bases.

<table><caption>Table 2: Primary Data Inventory Inputs for GTTT-GTE</caption><thead><tr><th>Atelier Truie</th><th></th><th>Stock verrat</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Stock femelle attente saillie</td><td></td><td>Cession verrat</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Stock truie pleine<br>Achat femelle</td><td>Stock pré troupeau</td><td>Vente vif verrat</td></tr><tr><td>Stock truie en production</td><td>Vente carcasse verrat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Achat cochette avant saillie</td><td>Saissie verrat</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Achat truie en production</td><td>Perte verrat</td></tr><tr><td>Cession cochette<br>Mise en production<br>Vente vif femelle</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Vente cochette avant saillie en vif</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Vente de truie en production en vif</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vente carcasse femelle</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Recettes diverses</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Vente de truie en production en carcasse</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Saisie femelle</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Saisie de cochette avant saillie</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Saissie de truie en production</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perte femelle</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Perte de cochette avant saillie</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Perte de truie en production</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stock post-sevrage</td><td></td><td>Perte porcelets en PS</td></tr><tr><td>Stock porcelet avant sevrage</td><td></td><td>Stock porc engraissement</td></tr><tr><td>Achat porcelet au sevrage</td><td></td><td>Achat porcelets entrée engraissement</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Achat future reproducteur au sevrage</td><td>Achat porcelet entrée engraissement</td></tr><tr><td>Sevrage porcelets</td><td></td><td>Mise à l'engraissement</td></tr><tr><td>Vente porcelets en cours de PS</td><td></td><td>Vente porcelet vif après mise à l'engrais</td></tr><tr><td>Vente vif porcelets</td><td></td><td>Vente futur reproducteur entrée engrais.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Vente futur reproducteur en sortie PS</td><td>Vente vif PC</td></tr><tr><td>Vente carcasse porcelets</td><td></td><td>Vente carc. PC</td></tr><tr><td>Vente porcelets au sevrage</td><td></td><td>Vente jeune reproducteur</td></tr><tr><td>Vente futur reproducteur au sevrage</td><td></td><td>Sexes confondus</td></tr><tr><td>Saisie porcelet en sortie de PS</td><td></td><td>femelle</td></tr><tr><td>Perte porcelets en PS</td><td></td><td>Mâle</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><strong>Saisie PC</strong></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Perte porc engraissement</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Stock aliment achat reproducteur</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Stock porc FAF reproducteur</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Achat aliment reproducteur</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">FAF aliment reproducteur</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Stock aliment FAF porcelets</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Achat aliment porcelets</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">FAF aliment porcelets</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Stock aliment achat engraissement</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Stock aliment FAF engraissement</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Achat aliment engraissement</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">FAF aliment engraissement</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Aliment non affecté</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 7. Analyzed Data from GTTT-GTE
GTTT is a standard and simple method of calculating breeding performance in pig farm established in year 1968 to 1969. It can be applicable in all categories of livestock breeding, growing and finishing stages. It gives a precise analysis of production (ITP, 2000). As it is shown in **Table 3**, information analyzed is vast. For LCA, only certain information is relevant (see the highlighted part).

GTE is a standard method based on data entry of animal flow and feed stock. It was started in 1973 and took its structure in 1977. It calculates production cost and profitability of the farm. GTE is applicable to all types of livestock as it is given in **Table 3**.

<table><caption>Table 3: GTTT-GTE Results after Analysis</caption><thead><tr><th>GTTT</th><th>GTE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Nombre d'élevage</td><td>Nombre d'élevages</td></tr><tr><td>Effectifs moyens</td><td>Nombre de truies présentes</td></tr><tr><td>Nombre de truies présentes</td><td><strong>Résultats Techniques</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Nombre de truies en production</td><td>Nombre de porcs produits par truie présente par an</td></tr><tr><td>Nombre de verrats présents</td><td>Nombre de kilos vifs produits par truie présentes par an</td></tr><tr><td>Nombre de portées sevrées par élevage</td><td>Indice de consommation global</td></tr><tr><td>Productivité</td><td><strong>En Post-sevrage</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Résultats de porcelets sevrés/truie productive/an</strong></td><td>Poids début post-sevrage</td></tr><tr><td>Nombre de porcelets nés vivants/portées</td><td>Poids fin post-sevrage</td></tr><tr><td>Nombre de porcelets mort-nés/portées</td><td>Taux de pertes et saisies (%)</td></tr><tr><td>Pourcentage de pertes sur nés totaux</td><td>Indice de consommation technique 8-30 kg</td></tr><tr><td>Pourcentage de pertes sur nés vivants</td><td>Gain moyen quotidien technique 8-30 kg (g/jour)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Rythme de reproduction (en jours)</strong></td><td>Age à 30 kg (jours)</td></tr><tr><td>Intervalle entre mises bas</td><td><strong>En Engraissement</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Durée de gestation</td><td>Poids début engraissement</td></tr><tr><td>Age des porcelets au sevrage</td><td>Poids fin engraissement</td></tr><tr><td>Intervalle Sevrage-Saillie 1<sup>ère</sup> (ISSI)</td><td>Taux de pertes et saisies (%)</td></tr><tr><td>Intervalle Sevrage-Saillie Fécondante (ISSF)</td><td>Indice de consommation technique 30-115 kg</td></tr><tr><td>Taux de fécondation en saillie 1<sup>ère</sup> (%)</td><td>Gain moyen quotidien technique 30-115 kg (g/jour)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Renouvellement</strong></td><td>Age à 115 kg (jours)</td></tr><tr><td>Taux de renouvellement annuel (%)</td><td>TMP</td></tr><tr><td>Age des truies à la première mise bas (jour)</td><td><strong>En Sevrage-Vente</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Age des truies à la mise bas (mois)</td><td>Taux de pertes et saisies (%)</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Réforme</strong></td><td>Indice de consommation technique 8-115 kg</td></tr><tr><td>Taux de réforme annuel (%)</td><td>Gain moyenne quotidien technique 8-115 kg (g/jour)</td></tr><tr><td>Numéro de cycle des femelles (mois)</td><td><strong>Résultats économique</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Nombre de portées/truie réformée</td><td>Prix des aliments consommés (€/tonnes)</td></tr><tr><td>Intervalle dernier Sevrage-Réforme</td><td>Coût alimentaire du kg de croît (€/tonnes)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Prix moyen du porc vendu ((€/kg de carcasse)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><strong>Marge sur coût alimentaire et renouvellement</strong></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>(€/truie présente/an)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Dépenses de santé (€/kg de carcasse)</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 8. Data Management System

Data collected from a single farm producer or group of farms is transferred on a semi annul base to Institute of Pig Technic (ITP - Inititut Technique Porc). ITP calculates the result of individual farm (ITP, 2000). As shown in the **Figure 2** below, data management system is centralized.

<figure><img src="image_84.png" /><figcaption>Figure 3: Structure of GTTT-GTE, individual farm, group and national network</figcaption></figure>

Today, GTTT-GTE is also available on internet where one can put data directly and get result instantly making inventory and data easy and practical (IFIP-WebTv, 2014; Poilvet, 2014).
## 9. Advantage of Adapting GTTT-GTE-TB as a source of LCI Data

As mentioned in section 2 the major problem in LCI is reliable data source. Rebitzer et al. (2004). mentioned that data collection and compilation are often the most work-and time-consuming steps in LCAs (Rebitzer, et al., 2004). If that is so, having a system which can provide required information for pig systems inventory avoids unnecessary wastage of time and energy, plus it helps to provide reliable, consistency, complete and accurate data for LCA practitioners.

In addition, communication and institutionalizing of data acquisition for LCI will strengthen the confidence of LCA results to producers, policy and decision makers.

As the structure of GTTT-GTE reveals, inventory system and data is available at farm level, group of farm level, regional and at national level. This gives an advantage of getting the information for any objectives set for LCA.

## 10. Conclusion and Recommendations

In my point of view, there is no better way than institutionalizing LCI data source system. As French has a strong institution and well developed system of livestock inventory, taking a simple average values or individual based data inventory system will only create gap between LCA producers, practitioners, users and end-users.

Therefore, an initiative should be taken to link project MEANS data life Cycle Inventory and with institute of Pig Technology or sister institutions so that the information feed to MEANS platform will have a strong degree of confidence.

## References

* Basset-Mens, C., 2005. *Propositions pour une adaptation de l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie aux systèmes de production agricole. Mise en oeuvre pour l'évaluation environnementale de la production porcine.*, s.l.: s.n.

* CITEPA, 2014. *Guide pour l'Evaluation des Emissions dans l'air d'Ammoniac, Methane, Particules (PM10) et Protoxyde d'Azote pour les Elevages de procs et de Volailles Français*, Paris: s.n.

* EC - JRC, 2010. *Institute for Envirosnmental Sustainability: International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) handbook-General Guidelines for Life Cycle Assessment - Provisions and Actions Steps*, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

* IFIP-WebTv, 2014. *GT-Direct - Portail de la gestion technique des élevages de porc*. [En ligne] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50&v=n26zR3t_Bno [Accès le 08 07 2015].

* IPCC, 2006. *2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories*. [En ligne] Available at: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html.

* ISO, 2006. 14025: 2010 (EN). *Environmental labels and declarations--Type III environmental declarations--Principles and procedures (ISO 14025: 2006).*

* ISO, I. 1., 2006. *14040: Environmental management-life cycle assessment principles and framework*. London: s.n.

* ITP, 2000. *Mémento de l'éleveur de Porc*. 2000 éd. s.l.:Institut Technique du Porc.

* Ntziachristos, L. & Samaras, Z., 2009. *EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook. European Environment Agency*, Copenhagen: s.n.

* Poilvet, D., 2014. *RéussirPorc*. [En ligne] Available at: http://porc.reussir.fr/actualites/gt-direct-valorise-les-gte-et-les-gttt-des-elevages:D8J7VU94.html [Accès le 08 07 2015].

* Rebitzer, G. et al., 2004. Life cycle assessment: Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. *Environment international*, 30(5), pp. 701-720.

* Salou, T. et al., 2014. *Life Cycle Assessment of French Livestock programs: Results of the AGRIBALYSE® PROGRAM*. Rennes, s.n.

* Team, Core Writing, 2007. *Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report*, Geneva: IPCC.