[13] S. Nitopi, E. Bertheussen, S. B. Scott, X. Liu, A. K. Engstfeld, S. Horch, B. Seger, I. E. L. Stephens, K. Chan, C. Hahn, J. K. Nørskov, T. F. Jaramillo, I. Chorkendorff, *Chem. Rev.* **2019**, *119*, 7610–7672.

[14] F. Franco, C. Rettenmaier, H. S. Jeon, B. R. Cuenya, *Chem. Soc. Rev.* **2020**, *49*, 6884–6946.

[15] S. Garg, M. Li, A. Z. Weber, L. Ge, L. Li, V. Rudolph, G. Wang, T. E. Rufford, *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2020**, *8*, 1511–1544.

[16] B. Deng, M. Huang, X. Zhao, S. Mou, F. Dong, *ACS Catal.* **2022**, *12*, 331–362.

[17] C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, J. Souza-Garcia, E. Herrero, A. Aldaz, J. *Electroanal. Chem.* **2012**, *668*, 51–59.

[18] Z.-Z. Niu, L.-P. Chi, Z.-Z. Wu, P.-P. Yang, M.-H. Fan, M.-R. Gao, *NSO 2023*, *2*, 20220044.

[19] J.-W. DuanMu, M.-R. Gao, *Nano Res.* **2023**, DOI 10.1007/s12274-023-5977-3.

[20] N. Ahmad, X. Wang, P. Sun, Y. Chen, F. Rehman, J. Xu, X. Xu, *Renew. Energ.* **2021**, *177*, 23–33.

[21] G. Arrachart, J. Couturier, S. Dourdain, C. Levard, S. Pellet-Rostaing, *Processes* **2021**, *9*, 1202.

[22] V. C. Ferreira, L. Zanchet, W. F. Monteiro, L. G. da Trindade, M. O. de Souza, R. R. B. Correia, *J. Mol. Liq.* **2021**, *328*, 115391.

[23] J. P. Hallett, T. Welton, *Chem. Rev.* **2011**, *111*, 3508–3576.

[24] J. S. Wilkes, M. J. Zaworotko, *J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.* **1992**, 965–967.

[25] T. L. Greaves, C. J. Drummond, *Chem. Rev.* **2015**, *115*, 11379–11448.

[26] A. P. Abbott, *Curr. Opin. Green Sustain.* **2012**, *36*, 10064.

[27] A. Leal-Duaso, P. Pérez, J. A. Mayoral, E. Pires, J. I. García, *Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.* **2017**, *19*, 28302–28312.

[28] A. P. Abbott, G. Capper, D. L. Davies, R. K. Rasheed, V. Tambyrajah, *Chem. Commun.* **2003**, *9*, 70–71.

[29] A. P. Abbott, D. Boothby, G. Capper, D. L. Davies, R. K. Rasheed, J. *Am. Chem. Soc.* **2004**, *126*, 9142–9147.

[30] D. O. Abranches, J. A. P. Coutinho, *Curr. Opin. Green Sustain.* **Chem. 2022**, *35*, 100612.

[31] M. Zhang, L.-J. Yu, Y.-F. Huang, J.-W. Yan, G.-K. Liu, D.-Y. Wu, Z.-Q. Tian, B.-W. Mao, *Chem. Commun.* **2014**, *50*, 14740–14743.

[32] F. Zhen, L. Percevault, L. Paquin, E. Limanton, C. Lagrost, P. Hapiot, *J. Phys. Chem. B* **2020**, *124*, 1025–1032.

[33] F. Soma, Q. Rayée, M. Bougouma, C. Baustert, C. Buess-Herman, T. Doneux, *Electrochim. Acta* **2020**, *345*, 136165.

[34] I. Cichowska-Kopczyńska, B. Nowosielski, D. Warmińska, *Molecules* **2023**, *28*, 5293.

[35] D. M. D'Alessandro, B. Smit, J. R. Long, *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2010**, *49*, 6058–6082.

[36] A. Leal-Duaso, I. Favier, D. Pla, E. Pires, M. Gómez, *ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.* **2021**, *9*, 6875–6885.

[37] E. Ali, M. K. Hadj-Kali, S. Mulyono, I. Alnashef, A. Fakeeha, F. Mjalli, A. Hayyan, *Chem. Eng. Res. Des.* **2014**, *92*, 1898–1906.

[38] G. García, M. Atilhan, S. Aparicio, *J. Phys. Chem. C* **2015**, *119*, 21413–21425.

[39] M. Alvarez-Guerra, J. Albo, E. Alvarez-Guerra, A. Irabien, *Energy Environ. Sci.* **2015**, *8*, 2574–2599.

[40] M. Aghaie, N. Rezaei, S. Zendehboudi, *Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev.* **2018**, *96*, 502–525.

[41] H. Wibowo, W. Liao, X. Zhou, C. Yu, D. A. Rahim, D. Hantoko, H. Qun, M. Yan, *Chem. Eng. Process.* **2020**, *157*, 108142.

[42] Y. Bi, Z. Hu, X. Lin, N. Ahmad, J. Xu, X. Xu, *Sci. Total Environ.* **2020**, *705*, 135798.

[43] Y. Yoo, *Chem. Eng. J.* **2023**, *461*, 141802.

[44] S. Shi, S. Li, X. Liu, *ACS Omega* **2022**, *7*, 48272–48281.

[45] T. J. Trivedi, J. H. Lee, H. J. Lee, Y. K. Jeong, J. W. Choi, *Green Chem.* **2016**, *18*, 2834–2842.

[46] K. Ghandi, *Green Sust. Chem.* **2014**, *4*, 44–53.

[47] M. Dilip, *Nanomater. Energy* **2012**, *1*, 193–206.

[48] S. Gracia-Barberán, A. Leal-Duaso, E. Pires, *Curr. Opin. Green Sustain.* **Chem. 2022**, *35*, 100610.

[49] A. Leal-Duaso, P. Pérez, J. A. Mayoral, J. I. García, E. Pires, *ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.* **2019**, *7*, 13004–13014.

[50] B. Kudlak, K. Owczarek, J. Namieśnik, *Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.* **2015**, *22*, 11975–11992.

[51] M. P. Garralaga, L. Lomba, A. Leal-Duaso, S. Gracia-Barberán, E. Pires, B. Giner, *Green Chem.* **2022**, *24*, 5228–5241.

[52] A. P. Abbott, R. C. Harris, K. S. Ryder, C. D'Agostino, L. F. Gladden, M. D. Mantle, *Green Chem.* **2011**, *13*, 82–90.

[53] A. Leal-Duaso, J. A. Mayoral, E. Pires, *ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.* **2020**, *8*, 13076–13084.

[54] P. Hapiot, C. Lagrost, *Chem. Rev.* **2008**, *108*, 2238–2264.

[55] D. C. Grills, Y. Matsubara, Y. Kuwahara, S. R. Golisz, D. A. Kurtz, B. A. Mello, *J. Phys. Chem. Lett.* **2014**, *5*, 2033–2038.

[56] F. A. Hanc-Scherer, M. A. Montiel, V. Montiel, E. Herrero, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, *Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.* **2015**, *17*, 23909–23916.

[57] M. A. Montiel, J. Solla-Gullon, V. Montiel, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, *Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.* **2018**, *20*, 19160–19167.

[58] S. Sharif Golru, E. J. Biddingher, *Chem. Eng. J.* **2022**, *428*, 131303.

[59] M. C. O. Monteiro, F. Dattila, B. Hagedoorn, R. García-Muelas, N. López, M. T. M. Koper, *Nat Catal.* **2021**, *4*, 654–662.

[60] J. E. Huang, F. Li, A. Ozden, A. Sedighian Rasouli, F. P. García De Arquer, S. Liu, S. Zhang, M. Luo, X. Wang, Y. Lum, Y. Xu, K. Bertens,

R. K. Miao, C.-T. Dinh, D. Sinton, E. H. Sargent, *Science* **2021**, *372*, 1074–1078.

[61] C. Yang, Y. Wang, L. Qian, A. M. Al-Enizi, L. Zhang, G. Zheng, *ACS Appl. Energy Mater.* **2021**, *4*, 1034–1044.

[62] N. W. Kinzel, C. Werlé, W. Leitner, *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2021**, *60*, 11628–11686.

[63] L. Zhang, I. Merino-Garcia, J. Albo, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, *Curr. Opin. Electrochem.* **2020**, *23*, 65–73.

[64] I. Merino-Garcia, L. Tinat, J. Albo, M. Alvarez-Guerra, A. Irabien, O. Durupthy, V. Vivier, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2021**, *297*, 120447.

[65] B. Ávila-Bolívar, V. Montiel, J. Solla-Gullón, *ChemElectroChem* **2022**, *9*, e202200272.

[66] O. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, N. Daems, M. Bulut, D. Pant, T. Breugelmans, *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2021**, *13*, 56205–56216.

[67] S. Banerjee, X. Han, V. S. Thoi, *ACS Catal.* **2019**, *9*, 5631–5637.

[68] P. An, L. Wei, H. Li, B. Yang, K. Liu, J. Fu, H. Li, H. Liu, J. Hu, Y.-R. Lu, H. Pan, T.-S. Chan, N. Zhang, M. Liu, *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2020**, *8*, 15936–15941.

[69] M. Zhao, H. Tang, Q. Yang, Y. Gu, H. Zhu, S. Yan, Z. Zou, *ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces* **2020**, *12*, 4565–4571.

[70] C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, V. Montiel, D. A. Tryk, A. Aldaz, A. Fujishima, *Pure Appl. Chem.* **2001**, *73*, 1917–1927.

[71] E. Vaněčková, M. Bouša, V. Shestivska, J. Kubišta, P. Moreno-García, P. Broekmann, M. Rahaman, M. Zlámal, J. Heyda, M. Bernauer, T. Sebechlebská, V. Kolivoška, *ChemElectroChem* **2021**, *8*, 2137–2149.

[72] C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, in *Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry*, Elsevier, **2018**, pp. 539–551.

[73] M. Papasizza, X. Yang, J. Cheng, A. Cuesta, *Curr. Opin. Electrochem.* **2020**, *23*, 80–88.

[74] K. Sheoran, H. Kaur, S. S. Siwal, V. K. Thakur, *Adv. Energy Sustain. Res.* **2023**, *4*, 2300021.

[75] X. An, P. Wang, X. Ma, X. Du, X. Hao, Z. Yang, G. Guan, *Carbon Res. Conv.* **2023**, *6*, 85–97.

[76] A. Fortunati, F. Risplendi, M. Re Fiorentin, G. Cicero, E. Parisi, M. Castellino, E. Simone, B. Iliev, T. J. S. Schubert, N. Russo, S. Hernández, *Commun Chem* **2023**, *6*, 1–13.

[77] Y. Li, F. Li, A. Laaksonen, C. Wang, P. Cobden, P. Boden, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, X. Ji, *Ind. Chem. Mater.* **2023**, *1*, 410–430.

[78] M. Papasizza, A. Cuesta, *ACS Catal.* **2018**, *8*, 6345–6352.

[79] B. A. Rosen, A. Salehi-Khojin, M. R. Thorson, W. Zhu, D. T. Whipple, P. J. A. Kenis, R. I. Masel, *Science* **2011**, *334*, 643–644.

[80] E. Vichou, A. Solé-Daura, C. Mellot-Draznieks, Y. Li, M. Gomez-Mingot, M. Fontecave, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, *ChemSusChem* **2022**, *15*, e202201566.

[81] B. Kumar, M. Asadi, D. Pisasale, S. Sinha-Ray, B. A. Rosen, R. Haasch, J. Abiade, A. L. Yarin, A. Salehi-Khojin, *Nat Commun* **2013**, *4*, 2819.

[82] B. C. M. Martindale, R. G. Compton, *Chem. Commun.* **2012**, *48*, 6487–6489.

[83] D. Quezada, J. Honores, M. García, F. Armijo, M. Isaacs, *New J. Chem.* **2014**, *38*, 3606–3612.

[84] X. Sun, X. Kang, Q. Zhu, J. Ma, G. Yang, Z. Liu, B. Han, *Chem. Sci.* **2016**, *7*, 2883–2887.

[85] B. A. Rosen, W. Zhu, G. Kaul, A. Salehi-Khojin, R. I. Masel, *J. Electrochem. Soc.* **2013**, *160*, H138.

[86] V. Vedharathinam, Z. Qi, C. Horwood, B. Bourcier, M. Stadermann, J. Biener, M. Biener, *ACS Catal.* **2019**, *9*, 10605–10611.

[87] T. N. Huan, P. Simon, G. Roussei, I. Génois, V. Artero, M. Fontecave, *Chem. Sci.* **2016**, *8*, 742–747.

[88] D. Chu, G. Qin, X. Yuan, M. Xu, P. Zheng, J. Lu, *ChemSusChem* **2008**, *1*, 205–209.

[89] F. Zhou, S. Liu, B. Yang, P. Wang, A. S. Alshammari, Y. Deng, *Electrochem. Comm.* **2014**, *46*, 103–106.

[90] L. Lu, X. Sun, J. Ma, D. Yang, H. Wu, B. Zhang, J. Zhang, B. Han, *Angew Chem Int Ed Engl* **2018**, *57*, 14149–14153.

[91] W. Guo, S. Liu, X. Tan, R. Wu, X. Yan, C. Chen, Q. Zhu, L. Zheng, J. Ma, J. Zhang, Y. Huang, X. Sun, B. Han, *Angew. Chem. Int. Edit.* **2021**, *60*, 21979–21987.

[92] H. Yang, R. Zhang, J. Yang, G. Zhou, X. Jia, Z. Hua, D. Yang, *Chem. Eur. J.* **2023**, *29*, e202300522.

[93] D. Yang, Q. Zhu, C. Chen, H. Liu, Z. Liu, Z. Zhao, X. Zhang, S. Liu, B. Han, *Nat Commun.* **2019**, *10*, 677.

[94] H. Wu, J. Song, C. Xie, Y. Hu, B. Han, *Green Chem.* **2018**, *20*, 1765–1769.

[95] C. Jiang, S. Zeng, X. Ma, J. Feng, G. Li, L. Bai, F. Li, X. Ji, X. Zhang, *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2021**, *69*, e17859.

[96] F. Wu, F. Jiang, J. Yang, W. Dai, D. Lan, J. Shen, Z. Fang, *Molecules* **2023**, *28*, 2747.

[97] L. Yuan, L. Zhang, J. Feng, C. Jiang, J. Feng, C. Li, S. Zeng, X. Zhang, *Chem. Eng. J.* **2022**, *450*, 138378.

[98] J. Feng, L. Zheng, C. Jiang, Z. Chen, L. Liu, S. Zeng, L. Bai, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, *Green Chem.* **2021**, *23*, 5461–5466.

[99] J. T. Feaster, A. L. Jongerius, X. Liu, M. Urushihara, S. A. Nitopi, C. Hahn, K. Chan, J. K. Nørskov, T. F. Jaramillo, *Langmuir* **2017**, *33*, 9464–9471.

[100] E. Vichou, A. Perazio, Y. Adjez, M. Gomez-Mingot, M. W. Schreiber, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, M. Fontecave, *Chem. Mater.* **2023**, *35*, 7060–7068.
[101] Y. Wang, T. Hayashi, D. He, Y. Li, F. Jin, R. Nakamura, *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2020**, *264*, 118495.

[102] Y. Matsubara, D. C. Grills, Y. Kuwahara, *ACS Catal.* **2015**, *5*, 6440–6452.

[103] H.-K. Lim, Y. Kwon, H. S. Kim, J. Jeon, Y.-H. Kim, J.-A. Lim, B.-S. Kim, J. Choi, H. Kim, *ACS Catal.* **2018**, *8*, 2420–2427.

[104] W. Ren, X. Tan, X. Chen, G. Zhang, K. Zhao, W. Yang, C. Jia, Y. Zhao, S. C. Smith, C. Zhao, *ACS Catal.* **2020**, *10*, 13171–13178.

[105] G. P. S. Lau, M. Schreier, D. Vasilyev, R. Scopelliti, M. Grätzel, P. J. Dyson, *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2016**, *138*, 7820–7823.

[106] E. Vichou, Y. Li, M. Gomez-Mingot, M. Fontecave, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, *J. Phys. Chem. C* **2020**, *124*, 23764–23772.

[107] S.-F. Zhao, M. Horne, A. M. Bond, J. Zhang, *J. Phys. Chem. C* **2016**, *120*, 23989–24001.

[108] D. V. Vasilyev, P. J. Dyson, *ACS Catal.* **2021**, *11*, 1392–1405.

[109] W. Wang, Z. Ma, X. Fei, X. Wang, Z. Yang, Y. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Ning, N. Tsubaki, M. Wu, *Chem. Eng. J.* **2022**, *436*, 135029.

[110] D. Ma, T. Jin, K. Xie, H. Huang, *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2021**, *9*, 20897–20918.

[111] A. K. Ummireddi, S. K. Sharma, R. G. S. Pala, *Catal. Sci. Technol.* **2022**, *12*, 519–529.

[112] L. Yuan, L. Zhang, G. Li, S. Zeng, Q. Xue, C. Jiang, X. Zhang, *Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.* **2023**, *62*, 16931–16938.

[113] S. Mena, G. Guirado, *Catal. Sci. Technol.* **2020**, *6*, 34.

[114] L. Sun, G. K. Ramesha, P. V. Kamat, J. F. Brennecke, *Langmuir* **2014**, *30*, 6302–6308.

[115] G. Zhang, Z.-J. Zhao, D. Cheng, H. Li, J. Yu, Q. Wang, H. Gao, J. Guo, H. Wang, G. A. Ozin, T. Wang, J. Gong, *Nat Commun* **2021**, *12*, 5745.

[116] K. K. Maniam, S. Paul, *Materials* **2021**, *14*, 4519.

[117] S. Verma, X. Lu, S. Ma, R. I. Masel, P. J. A. Kenis, *Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.* **2016**, *18*, 7075–7084.

[118] D. V. Vasilyev, A. V. Rudnev, P. Broekmann, P. J. Dyson, *ChemSusChem* **2019**, *12*, 1635–1639.

[119] S. Imteyaz, C. M. Suresh, T. Kausar, P. P. Ingole, *J. CO2 Util.* **2023**, *68*, 102349.

[120] S. Garg, M. Li, T. E. Rufford, L. Ge, V. Rudolph, R. Knibbe, M. Konarova, G. G. X. Wang, *ChemSusChem* **2020**, *13*, 304–311.

[121] A. Rioja Cabanilla, *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2017**.

[122] A. Halilu, M. K. Hadj-Kali, M. A. Hashim, E. M. Ali, S. K. Bhargava, *ACS Omega* **2022**, *7*, 14102–14112.

[123] W. Wang, H. Ning, X. Fei, X. Wang, Z. Ma, Z. Jiao, Y. Wang, N. Tsubaki, M. Wu, *ChemSusChem* **2023**, *16*, e202300418.

[124] Y. Sha, J. Zhang, X. Cheng, M. Xu, Z. Su, Y. Wang, J. Hu, B. Han, L. Zheng, *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2022**, *61*, e202200039.

[125] G.-Y. Duan, X.-Q. Li, G.-R. Ding, L.-J. Han, B.-H. Xu, S.-J. Zhang, *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2022**, *61*, e202110657.

[126] D. Grammatico, P. Marcasuzaa, A. Viterisi, A. Bousquet, B.-L. Su, L. Billon, *Chem. Commun.* **2023**, *59*, 2279–2282.
[101] Y. Wang, T. Hayashi, D. He, Y. Li, F. Jin, R. Nakamura, *Appl. Catal. B Environ.* **2020**, *264*, 118495.

[102] Y. Matsubara, D. C. Grills, Y. Kuwahara, *ACS Catal.* **2015**, *5*, 6440–6452.

[103] H.-K. Lim, Y. Kwon, H. S. Kim, J. Jeon, Y.-H. Kim, J.-A. Lim, B.-S. Kim, J. Choi, H. Kim, *ACS Catal.* **2018**, *8*, 2420–2427.

[104] W. Ren, X. Tan, X. Chen, G. Zhang, K. Zhao, W. Yang, C. Jia, Y. Zhao, S. C. Smith, C. Zhao, *ACS Catal.* **2020**, *10*, 13171–13178.

[105] G. P. S. Lau, M. Schreier, D. Vasilyev, R. Scopelliti, M. Grätzel, P. J. Dyson, *J. Am. Chem. Soc.* **2016**, *138*, 7820–7823.

[106] E. Vichou, Y. Li, M. Gomez-Mingot, M. Fontecave, C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez, *J. Phys. Chem. C* **2020**, *124*, 23764–23772.

[107] S.-F. Zhao, M. Horne, A. M. Bond, J. Zhang, *J. Phys. Chem. C* **2016**, *120*, 23989–24001.

[108] D. V. Vasilyev, P. J. Dyson, *ACS Catal.* **2021**, *11*, 1392–1405.

[109] W. Wang, Z. Ma, X. Fei, X. Wang, Z. Yang, Y. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Ning, N. Tsubaki, M. Wu, *Chem. Eng. J.* **2022**, *436*, 135029.

[110] D. Ma, T. Jin, K. Xie, H. Huang, *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2021**, *9*, 20897–20918.

[111] A. K. Ummireddi, S. K. Sharma, R. G. S. Pala, *Catal. Sci. Technol.* **2022**, *12*, 519–529.

[112] L. Yuan, L. Zhang, G. Li, S. Zeng, Q. Xue, C. Jiang, X. Zhang, *Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.* **2023**, *62*, 16931–16938.

[113] S. Mena, G. Guirado, *Catal. Sci. Technol.* **2020**, *6*, 34.

[114] L. Sun, G. K. Ramesha, P. V. Kamat, J. F. Brennecke, *Langmuir* **2014**, *30*, 6302–6308.

[115] G. Zhang, Z.-J. Zhao, D. Cheng, H. Li, J. Yu, Q. Wang, H. Gao, J. Guo, H. Wang, G. A. Ozin, T. Wang, J. Gong, *Nat Commun* **2021**, *12*, 5745.

[116] K. K. Maniam, S. Paul, *Materials* **2021**, *14*, 4519.

[117] S. Verma, X. Lu, S. Ma, R. I. Masel, P. J. A. Kenis, *Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.* **2016**, *18*, 7075–7084.

[118] D. V. Vasilyev, A. V. Rudnev, P. Broekmann, P. J. Dyson, *ChemSusChem* **2019**, *12*, 1635–1639.

[119] S. Imteyaz, C. M. Suresh, T. Kausar, P. P. Ingole, *J. CO2 Util.* **2023**, *68*, 102349.

[120] S. Garg, M. Li, T. E. Rufford, L. Ge, V. Rudolph, R. Knibbe, M. Konarova, G. G. X. Wang, *ChemSusChem* **2020**, *13*, 304–311.

[121] A. Rioja Cabanilla, *J. Mater. Chem. A* **2017**.

[122] A. Halilu, M. K. Hadj-Kali, M. A. Hashim, E. M. Ali, S. K. Bhargava, *ACS Omega* **2022**, *7*, 14102–14112.

[123] W. Wang, H. Ning, X. Fei, X. Wang, Z. Ma, Z. Jiao, Y. Wang, N. Tsubaki, M. Wu, *ChemSusChem* **2023**, *16*, e202300418.

[124] Y. Sha, J. Zhang, X. Cheng, M. Xu, Z. Su, Y. Wang, J. Hu, B. Han, L. Zheng, *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2022**, *61*, e202200039.

[125] G.-Y. Duan, X.-Q. Li, G.-R. Ding, L.-J. Han, B.-H. Xu, S.-J. Zhang, *Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.* **2022**, *61*, e202110657.

[126] D. Grammatico, P. Marcasuzaa, A. Viterisi, A. Bousquet, B.-L. Su, L. Billon, *Chem. Commun.* **2023**, *59*, 2279–2282.
Entry for the Table of Contents

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) represent a large set of ionic solvents only recently available for electrochemical applications. These ionic solvents allow both capture and conversion of pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). The non-negligible viscosity of DES and ILs might be considered as a drawback, but it is minimized in the case of using them as supporting electrolyte in a molecular solvent. Moreover, immobilization of ionic solvents onto the surface of the electrode represents a novel strategy for keeping the advantage of ionic solvents in solution, but limiting their drawbacks. ILs are different from DES because they are entirely composed of ions, while DES contain an important proportion of neutral molecules. The ions present in ILs and DES composition modify the electrode/electrolyte interface and play a relevant role either enhancing or inhibiting different electrochemical reactions such as in the case of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. In contrast, no significant role of ILs or DES has been reported regarding the product selectivity in CO2RR, giving as a result the formation of all types of products C1, C2 and C2+.
Entry for the Table of Contents

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) represent a large set of ionic solvents only recently available for electrochemical applications. These ionic solvents allow both capture and conversion of pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). The non-negligible viscosity of DES and ILs might be considered as a drawback, but it is minimized in the case of using them as supporting electrolyte in a molecular solvent. Moreover, immobilization of ionic solvents onto the surface of the electrode represents a novel strategy for keeping the advantage of ionic solvents in solution, but limiting their drawbacks. ILs are different from DES because they are entirely composed of ions, while DES contain an important proportion of neutral molecules. The ions present in ILs and DES composition modify the electrode/electrolyte interface and play a relevant role either enhancing or inhibiting different electrochemical reactions such as in the case of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. In contrast, no significant role of ILs or DES has been reported regarding the product selectivity in CO2RR, giving as a result the formation of all types of products C1, C2 and C2+.
Frontispiece

<figure><img src="image_11.png" /></figure>
Frontispiece

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>
Author biographies

**Alejandro Leal-Duaso** received his Ph.D. degree with international mention in 2020 from the University of Zaragoza (Spain), under the supervision of Prof. J. I. García and Prof. E. Pires. His research is mainly focused on the development and study of deep eutectic solvents, as well as in the sustainable preparation of novel nanostructured catalysts. Currently, he obtained a Margarita Salas fellowship from the Spanish Government for developing a 2-years postdoctoral stage at Sorbonne Université in Paris (France).

<figure><img src="image_12.png" /></figure>

**Yanis Adjez** graduated with a master's degree in Chemical Engineering from Sorbonne University (Paris) in 2021. He is currently enrolled in a PhD program supervised by Dr. Carlos M. Sánchez-Sánchez, which is focused on the immobilization of ionic liquids at the electrode surface for inhibiting $H_2$ evolution reaction and thus, boosting the electrode performance of environmentally relevant electrochemical reactions such as nitrate or carbon dioxide reduction reactions. His academic focus aligns with his commitment on advancing sustainable engineering practices and contributing to the evolution of clean energy technologies.

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

**Carlos M. Sánchez-Sánchez** is an Associate Scientist at National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) working at Sorbonne Université in Paris (France) and holds a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Alicante (Spain). He accumulates a senior degree of expertise in electrocatalysis and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). His current research interest is in the development of highly active and selective catalysts for carbon dioxide and nitrate electroconversion, through the modulation of the electrode/electrolyte interface, by paying particular attention to the role of ionic liquids at the electrical double layer.

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>
Author biographies

**Alejandro Leal-Duaso** received his Ph.D. degree with international mention in 2020 from the University of Zaragoza (Spain), under the supervision of Prof. J. I. García and Prof. E. Pires. His research is mainly focused on the development and study of deep eutectic solvents, as well as in the sustainable preparation of novel nanostructured catalysts. Currently, he obtained a Margarita Salas fellowship from the Spanish Government for developing a 2-years postdoctoral stage at Sorbonne Université in Paris (France).

<figure><img src="image_13.png" /></figure>

**Yanis Adjez** graduated with a master's degree in Chemical Engineering from Sorbonne University (Paris) in 2021. He is currently enrolled in a PhD program supervised by Dr. Carlos M. Sánchez-Sánchez, which is focused on the immobilization of ionic liquids at the electrode surface for inhibiting $H_2$ evolution reaction and thus, boosting the electrode performance of environmentally relevant electrochemical reactions such as nitrate or carbon dioxide reduction reactions. His academic focus aligns with his commitment on advancing sustainable engineering practices and contributing to the evolution of clean energy technologies.

<figure><img src="image_14.png" /></figure>

**Carlos M. Sánchez-Sánchez** is an Associate Scientist at National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) working at Sorbonne Université in Paris (France) and holds a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Alicante (Spain). He accumulates a senior degree of expertise in electrocatalysis and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). His current research interest is in the development of highly active and selective catalysts for carbon dioxide and nitrate electroconversion, through the modulation of the electrode/electrolyte interface, by paying particular attention to the role of ionic liquids at the electrical double layer.

<figure><img src="image_15.png" /></figure>