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283. Gamberi, T.; Fiaschi, T.; Valocchia, E.; Modesti, A.; Mantuano, P.; Rolland, J.F.; Sanarica, F.; De Luca, A.; Magherini, F. Proteome analysis in dystrophic mdx mouse muscle reveals a drastic alteration of key metabolic and contractile proteins after chronic exercise and the potential modulation by anti-oxidant compounds. *J. Proteom.* **2018**, *170*, 43–58. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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315. Garg, S. Management of scoliosis in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy: A literature review. *J. Pediatr. Rehabil. Med.* **2016**, *9*, 23–29. [CrossRef]

316. Roberts, S.; Arshad, A.; Tsirikos, A.I. Surgical and long-term functional outcomes of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy following spinal deformity correction. *World J. Orthop.* **2023**, *14*, 411–426. [CrossRef]

317. Arshad, A.; Tsirikos, A.I. Survival of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who underwent spinal deformity correction. *Dev. Med. Child Neurol.* **2024**, *66*, 187–194. [CrossRef]

318. Mehler, M.F. Brain dystrophin, neurogenetics and mental retardation. *Brain Res. Rev.* **2000**, *32*, 277–307. [CrossRef]

319. Pane, M.; Lombardo, M.E.; Alfieri, P.; D'Amico, A.; Bianco, F.; Vasco, G.; Piccini, G.; Mallardi, M.; Romeo, D.M.; Ricotti, V.; et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Phenotype-genotype correlation. *J. Pediatr.* **2012**, *161*, 705–709.e1. [CrossRef]

320. Ricotti, V.; Mandy, W.P.; Scoto, M.; Pane, M.; Deconinck, N.; Messina, S.; Mercuri, E.; Skuse, D.H.; Muntoni, F. Neurodevelopmental, emotional, and behavioural problems in Duchenne muscular dystrophy in relation to underlying dystrophin gene mutations. *Dev. Med. Child Neurol.* **2016**, *58*, 77–84. [CrossRef]

321. Parisi, L.; Di Filippo, T.; Glorioso, P.; La Grutta, S.; Epifanio, M.S.; Roccella, M. Autism spectrum disorders in children affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Minerva Pediatr.* **2018**, *70*, 233–239. [CrossRef]

322. Pascual-Morena, C.; Cavero-Redondo, I.; Álvarez-Bueno, C.; Jiménez-López, E.; Saz-Lara, A.; Martínez-García, I.; Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. Global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder in dystrophinopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Dev. Med. Child Neurol.* **2023**, *65*, 734–744. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

323. Holland, A.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of the dystrophin-deficient mdx phenocopy of dystrophinopathy-associated cardiomyopathy. *Biomed. Res. Int.* **2014**, *2014*, 246195. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

324. Gowran, A.; Brioschi, M.; Rovina, D.; Chiesa, M.; Piacentini, L.; Mallia, S.; Banfi, C.; Pompilio, G.; Santoro, R. Multiomic Approaches to Uncover the Complexities of Dystrophin-Associated Cardiomyopathy. *Int. J. Mol. Sci.* **2021**, *22*, 8954. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

325. Lee-Gannon, T.; Jiang, X.; Tassin, T.C.; Mammen, P.P.A. Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Curr. Heart Fail. Rep.* **2022**, *19*, 52–62. [CrossRef]

326. Matkovich, S.J. Multiomic approaches to delineate the pathogenesis of cardiac disease. *Curr. Opin. Cardiol.* **2019**, *34*, 246–253. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

327. Sohag, M.M.H.; Raqib, S.M.; Akhmad, S.A. OMICS approaches in cardiovascular diseases: A mini review. *Genom. Inform.* **2021**, *19*, e13. [CrossRef]

328. Sarhene, M.; Wang, Y.; Wei, J.; Huang, Y.; Li, M.; Li, L.; Acheampong, E.; Zhengcan, Z.; Xiaoyan, Q.; Yunsheng, X.; et al. Biomarkers in heart failure: The past, current and future. *Heart Fail. Rev.* **2019**, *24*, 867–903. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

329. Joshi, A.; Rienks, M.; Theofilatos, K.; Mayr, M. Systems biology in cardiovascular disease: A multiomics approach. *Nat. Rev. Cardiol.* **2021**, *18*, 313–330. [CrossRef]

330. Lohan, J.; Ohlendieck, K. Drastic reduction in the luminal Ca²⁺-binding proteins calsequestrin and sarcalumenin in dystrophin-deficient cardiac muscle. *Biochim. Biophys. Acta* **2004**, *1689*, 252–258. [CrossRef]

331. Gulston, M.K.; Rubtsov, D.V.; Atherton, H.J.; Clarke, K.; Davies, K.E.; Lilley, K.S.; Griffin, J.L. A combined metabolomic and proteomic investigation of the effects of a failure to express dystrophin in the mouse heart. *J. Proteome Res.* **2008**, *7*, 2069–2077. [CrossRef]

332. Lewis, C.; Jockusch, H.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic Profiling of the Dystrophin-Deficient MDX Heart Reveals Drastically Altered Levels of Key Metabolic and Contractile Proteins. *J. Biomed. Biotechnol.* **2010**, *2010*, 648501. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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308. MacLeod, M.; Kelly, R.; Robb, S.A.; Borzyskowski, M. Bladder dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Arch. Dis. Child.* **2003**, *88*, 347–349. [CrossRef]

309. Lionarons, J.M.; de Groot, I.J.M.; Fock, J.M.; Klinkenberg, S.; Vrijens, D.M.J.; Vreugdenhil, A.C.E.; Medici-van den Herik, E.G.; Cuppen, I.; Jaeger, B.; Niks, E.H.; et al. Prevalence of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using the Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire. *Life* **2021**, *11*, 772. [CrossRef]

310. Manokaran, R.K.; Aggarwala, S.; Kumar, R.; Gupta, A.K.; Chakrabarty, B.; Jauhari, P.; Pandey, R.M.; Gulati, S. Prevalence of smooth muscle dysfunction among children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Muscle Nerve* **2020**, *62*, 699–704. [CrossRef]

311. Jaffe, K.M.; McDonald, C.M.; Ingman, E.; Haas, J. Symptoms of upper gastrointestinal dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Case-control study. *Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.* **1990**, *71*, 742–744.

312. Borrelli, O.; Salvia, G.; Mancini, V.; Santoro, L.; Tagliente, F.; Romeo, E.F.; Cucchiara, S. Evolution of gastric electrical features and gastric emptying in children with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. *Am. J. Gastroenterol.* **2005**, *100*, 695–702. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

313. Lo Cascio, C.M.; Goetze, O.; Latshang, T.D.; Bluemel, S.; Frauenfelder, T.; Bloch, K.E. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *PLoS ONE* **2016**, *11*, e0163779. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

314. Rufo, A.; Del Fattore, A.; Capulli, M.; Carvello, F.; De Pasquale, L.; Ferrari, S.; Pierroz, D.; Morandi, L.; De Simone, M.; Rucci, N.; et al. Mechanisms inducing low bone density in Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans. *J. Bone Miner. Res.* **2011**, *26*, 1891–1903. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

315. Garg, S. Management of scoliosis in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy: A literature review. *J. Pediatr. Rehabil. Med.* **2016**, *9*, 23–29. [CrossRef]

316. Roberts, S.; Arshad, A.; Tsirikos, A.I. Surgical and long-term functional outcomes of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy following spinal deformity correction. *World J. Orthop.* **2023**, *14*, 411–426. [CrossRef]

317. Arshad, A.; Tsirikos, A.I. Survival of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who underwent spinal deformity correction. *Dev. Med. Child Neurol.* **2024**, *66*, 187–194. [CrossRef]

318. Mehler, M.F. Brain dystrophin, neurogenetics and mental retardation. *Brain Res. Rev.* **2000**, *32*, 277–307. [CrossRef]

319. Pane, M.; Lombardo, M.E.; Alfieri, P.; D'Amico, A.; Bianco, F.; Vasco, G.; Piccini, G.; Mallardi, M.; Romeo, D.M.; Ricotti, V.; et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Phenotype-genotype correlation. *J. Pediatr.* **2012**, *161*, 705–709.e1. [CrossRef]

320. Ricotti, V.; Mandy, W.P.; Scoto, M.; Pane, M.; Deconinck, N.; Messina, S.; Mercuri, E.; Skuse, D.H.; Muntoni, F. Neurodevelopmental, emotional, and behavioural problems in Duchenne muscular dystrophy in relation to underlying dystrophin gene mutations. *Dev. Med. Child Neurol.* **2016**, *58*, 77–84. [CrossRef]

321. Parisi, L.; Di Filippo, T.; Glorioso, P.; La Grutta, S.; Epifanio, M.S.; Roccella, M. Autism spectrum disorders in children affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Minerva Pediatr.* **2018**, *70*, 233–239. [CrossRef]

322. Pascual-Morena, C.; Cavero-Redondo, I.; Álvarez-Bueno, C.; Jiménez-López, E.; Saz-Lara, A.; Martínez-García, I.; Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. Global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder in dystrophinopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. *Dev. Med. Child Neurol.* **2023**, *65*, 734–744. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

323. Holland, A.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of the dystrophin-deficient mdx phenocopy of dystrophinopathy-associated cardiomyopathy. *Biomed. Res. Int.* **2014**, *2014*, 246195. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

324. Gowran, A.; Brioschi, M.; Rovina, D.; Chiesa, M.; Piacentini, L.; Mallia, S.; Banfi, C.; Pompilio, G.; Santoro, R. Multiomic Approaches to Uncover the Complexities of Dystrophin-Associated Cardiomyopathy. *Int. J. Mol. Sci.* **2021**, *22*, 8954. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

325. Lee-Gannon, T.; Jiang, X.; Tassin, T.C.; Mammen, P.P.A. Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Curr. Heart Fail. Rep.* **2022**, *19*, 52–62. [CrossRef]

326. Matkovich, S.J. Multiomic approaches to delineate the pathogenesis of cardiac disease. *Curr. Opin. Cardiol.* **2019**, *34*, 246–253. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

327. Sohag, M.M.H.; Raqib, S.M.; Akhmad, S.A. OMICS approaches in cardiovascular diseases: A mini review. *Genom. Inform.* **2021**, *19*, e13. [CrossRef]

328. Sarhene, M.; Wang, Y.; Wei, J.; Huang, Y.; Li, M.; Li, L.; Acheampong, E.; Zhengcan, Z.; Xiaoyan, Q.; Yunsheng, X.; et al. Biomarkers in heart failure: The past, current and future. *Heart Fail. Rev.* **2019**, *24*, 867–903. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

329. Joshi, A.; Rienks, M.; Theofilatos, K.; Mayr, M. Systems biology in cardiovascular disease: A multiomics approach. *Nat. Rev. Cardiol.* **2021**, *18*, 313–330. [CrossRef]

330. Lohan, J.; Ohlendieck, K. Drastic reduction in the luminal Ca²⁺-binding proteins calsequestrin and sarcalumenin in dystrophin-deficient cardiac muscle. *Biochim. Biophys. Acta* **2004**, *1689*, 252–258. [CrossRef]

331. Gulston, M.K.; Rubtsov, D.V.; Atherton, H.J.; Clarke, K.; Davies, K.E.; Lilley, K.S.; Griffin, J.L. A combined metabolomic and proteomic investigation of the effects of a failure to express dystrophin in the mouse heart. *J. Proteome Res.* **2008**, *7*, 2069–2077. [CrossRef]

332. Lewis, C.; Jockusch, H.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic Profiling of the Dystrophin-Deficient MDX Heart Reveals Drastically Altered Levels of Key Metabolic and Contractile Proteins. *J. Biomed. Biotechnol.* **2010**, *2010*, 648501. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
333. Johnson, E.K.; Zhang, L.; Adams, M.E.; Phillips, A.; Freitas, M.A.; Froehner, S.C.; Green-Church, K.B.; Montanaro, F. Proteomic analysis reveals new cardiac-specific dystrophin-associated proteins. *PLoS ONE* **2012**, *7*, e43515. [CrossRef]

334. Holland, A.; Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Swandulla, D.; Henry, M.; Clynes, M.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of cardiomyo-pathic tissue from the aged mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy reveals a drastic decrease in laminin, nidogen and annexin. *Proteomics* **2013**, *13*, 2312–2323. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

335. Murphy, S.; Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Mundegar, R.R.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic analysis of dystrophin deficiency and associated changes in the aged mdx-4cv heart model of dystrophinopathy-related cardiomyopathy. *J. Proteom.* **2016**, *145*, 24–36. [CrossRef]

336. Chung, H.S.; Kim, G.E.; Holewinski, R.J.; Venkatraman, V.; Zhu, G.; Bedja, D.; Kass, D.A.; Van Eyk, J.E. Transient receptor potential channel 6 regulates abnormal cardiac S-nitrosylation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2017**, *114*, E10763–E10771. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

337. Tamiyakul, H.; Kemter, E.; Kösters, M.; Ebner, S.; Blutke, A.; Klymiuk, N.; Flenkenthaler, F.; Wolf, E.; Arnold, G.J.; Fröhlich, T. Progressive Proteome Changes in the Myocardium of a Pig Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *iScience* **2020**, *23*, 101516. [CrossRef]

338. Jung, C.; Martins, A.S.; Niggli, E.; Shirokova, N. Dystrophic cardiomyopathy: Amplification of cellular damage by Ca²⁺ signalling and reactive oxygen species-generating pathways. *Cardiovasc. Res.* **2008**, *77*, 766–773. [CrossRef]

339. Klietsch, R.; Ervasti, J.M.; Arnold, W.; Campbell, K.P.; Jorgensen, A.O. Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and laminin colocalize to the sarcolemma and transverse tubules of cardiac muscle. *Circ. Res.* **1993**, *72*, 349–360. [CrossRef]

340. Wang, H.; Marrosu, E.; Brayson, D.; Wasala, N.B.; Johnson, E.K.; Scott, C.S.; Yue, Y.; Hau, K.L.; Trask, A.J.; Froehner, S.C.; et al. Proteomic analysis identifies key differences in the cardiac interactomes of dystrophin and micro-dystrophin. *Hum. Mol. Genet.* **2021**, *30*, 1321–1336. [CrossRef]

341. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of liver tissue from the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Clin. Proteom.* **2018**, *15*, 34. [CrossRef]

342. Dowling, P.; Gargan, S.; Zweyer, M.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of fatty acid binding proteins in muscular dystrophy. *Expert Rev. Proteom.* **2020**, *17*, 137–148. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

343. Murphy, S.; Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of mdx-4cv serum reveals highly elevated levels of the inflammation-induced plasma marker haptoglobin in muscular dystrophy. *Int. J. Mol. Med.* **2017**, *39*, 1357–1370. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

344. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Dataset on the comparative proteomic profiling of mouse saliva and serum from wild type versus the dystrophic mdx-4cv mouse model of dystrophinopathy. *Data Brief.* **2018**, *21*, 1236–1245. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

345. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic serum biomarkers for neuromuscular diseases. *Expert Rev. Proteom.* **2018**, *15*, 277–291. [CrossRef]

346. Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Raucamp, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic and cell biological profiling of the renal phenotype of the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Eur. J. Cell Biol.* **2020**, *99*, 151059. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

347. Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Raucamp, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Dataset on the mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of the kidney from wild type and the dystrophic mdx-4cv mouse model of X-linked muscular dystrophy. *Data Brief* **2020**, *28*, 105067. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

348. Hathout, Y.; Marathi, R.L.; Rayavarapu, S.; Zhang, A.; Brown, K.J.; Seol, H.; Gordish-Dressman, H.; Cirak, S.; Bello, L.; Nagaraju, K.; et al. Discovery of serum protein biomarkers in the mdx mouse model and cross-species comparison to Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. *Hum. Mol. Genet.* **2014**, *23*, 6458–6469. [CrossRef]

349. Coenen-Stass, A.M.; McClorey, G.; Manzano, R.; Betts, C.A.; Blain, A.; Saleh, A.F.; Gait, M.J.; Lochmüller, H.; Wood, M.J.; Roberts, T.C. Identification of novel, therapy-responsive protein biomarkers in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by aptamer-based serum proteomics. *Sci. Rep.* **2015**, *5*, 17014. [CrossRef]

350. Spitali, P.; Hettne, K.; Tsonaka, R.; Charrout, M.; van den Bergen, J.; Koeks, Z.; Kan, H.E.; Hooijmans, M.T.; Roos, A.; Straub, V.; et al. Tracking disease progression non-invasively in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. *J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle* **2018**, *9*, 715–726. [CrossRef]

351. Parolo, S.; Marchetti, L.; Lauria, M.; Misselbeck, K.; Scott-Boyer, M.P.; Caberlotto, L.; Priami, C. Combined use of protein biomarkers and network analysis unveils deregulated regulatory circuits in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *PLoS ONE* **2018**, *13*, e0194225. [CrossRef]

352. Villalta, S.A.; Rosenberg, A.S.; Bluestone, J.A. The immune system in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Friend or foe. *Rare Dis.* **2015**, *3*, e1010966. [CrossRef]

353. Rosenberg, A.S.; Puig, M.; Nagaraju, K.; Hoffman, E.P.; Villalta, S.A.; Rao, V.A.; Wakefield, L.M.; Woodcock, J. Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Sci. Transl. Med.* **2015**, *7*, 299rv4. [CrossRef]

354. Tidball, J.G.; Welc, S.S.; Wehling-Henricks, M. Immunobiology of Inherited Muscular Dystrophies. *Compr. Physiol.* **2018**, *8*, 1313–1356. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

355. Farini, A.; Sitzia, C.; Cassani, B.; Cassinelli, L.; Rigoni, R.; Colleoni, F.; Fusco, N.; Gatti, S.; Bella, P.; Villa, C.; et al. Therapeutic Potential of Immunoproteasome Inhibition in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Mol. Ther.* **2014**, *24*, 1898–1912. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
333. Johnson, E.K.; Zhang, L.; Adams, M.E.; Phillips, A.; Freitas, M.A.; Froehner, S.C.; Green-Church, K.B.; Montanaro, F. Proteomic analysis reveals new cardiac-specific dystrophin-associated proteins. *PLoS ONE* **2012**, *7*, e43515. [CrossRef]

334. Holland, A.; Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Swandulla, D.; Henry, M.; Clynes, M.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of cardiomyo-pathic tissue from the aged mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy reveals a drastic decrease in laminin, nidogen and annexin. *Proteomics* **2013**, *13*, 2312–2323. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

335. Murphy, S.; Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Mundegar, R.R.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic analysis of dystrophin deficiency and associated changes in the aged mdx-4cv heart model of dystrophinopathy-related cardiomyopathy. *J. Proteom.* **2016**, *145*, 24–36. [CrossRef]

336. Chung, H.S.; Kim, G.E.; Holewinski, R.J.; Venkatraman, V.; Zhu, G.; Bedja, D.; Kass, D.A.; Van Eyk, J.E. Transient receptor potential channel 6 regulates abnormal cardiac S-nitrosylation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* **2017**, *114*, E10763–E10771. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

337. Tamiyakul, H.; Kemter, E.; Kösters, M.; Ebner, S.; Blutke, A.; Klymiuk, N.; Flenkenthaler, F.; Wolf, E.; Arnold, G.J.; Fröhlich, T. Progressive Proteome Changes in the Myocardium of a Pig Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *iScience* **2020**, *23*, 101516. [CrossRef]

338. Jung, C.; Martins, A.S.; Niggli, E.; Shirokova, N. Dystrophic cardiomyopathy: Amplification of cellular damage by Ca²⁺ signalling and reactive oxygen species-generating pathways. *Cardiovasc. Res.* **2008**, *77*, 766–773. [CrossRef]

339. Klietsch, R.; Ervasti, J.M.; Arnold, W.; Campbell, K.P.; Jorgensen, A.O. Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and laminin colocalize to the sarcolemma and transverse tubules of cardiac muscle. *Circ. Res.* **1993**, *72*, 349–360. [CrossRef]

340. Wang, H.; Marrosu, E.; Brayson, D.; Wasala, N.B.; Johnson, E.K.; Scott, C.S.; Yue, Y.; Hau, K.L.; Trask, A.J.; Froehner, S.C.; et al. Proteomic analysis identifies key differences in the cardiac interactomes of dystrophin and micro-dystrophin. *Hum. Mol. Genet.* **2021**, *30*, 1321–1336. [CrossRef]

341. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of liver tissue from the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Clin. Proteom.* **2018**, *15*, 34. [CrossRef]

342. Dowling, P.; Gargan, S.; Zweyer, M.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of fatty acid binding proteins in muscular dystrophy. *Expert Rev. Proteom.* **2020**, *17*, 137–148. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

343. Murphy, S.; Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of mdx-4cv serum reveals highly elevated levels of the inflammation-induced plasma marker haptoglobin in muscular dystrophy. *Int. J. Mol. Med.* **2017**, *39*, 1357–1370. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

344. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Dataset on the comparative proteomic profiling of mouse saliva and serum from wild type versus the dystrophic mdx-4cv mouse model of dystrophinopathy. *Data Brief.* **2018**, *21*, 1236–1245. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

345. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic serum biomarkers for neuromuscular diseases. *Expert Rev. Proteom.* **2018**, *15*, 277–291. [CrossRef]

346. Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Raucamp, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic and cell biological profiling of the renal phenotype of the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Eur. J. Cell Biol.* **2020**, *99*, 151059. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

347. Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Raucamp, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Dataset on the mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of the kidney from wild type and the dystrophic mdx-4cv mouse model of X-linked muscular dystrophy. *Data Brief* **2020**, *28*, 105067. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

348. Hathout, Y.; Marathi, R.L.; Rayavarapu, S.; Zhang, A.; Brown, K.J.; Seol, H.; Gordish-Dressman, H.; Cirak, S.; Bello, L.; Nagaraju, K.; et al. Discovery of serum protein biomarkers in the mdx mouse model and cross-species comparison to Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. *Hum. Mol. Genet.* **2014**, *23*, 6458–6469. [CrossRef]

349. Coenen-Stass, A.M.; McClorey, G.; Manzano, R.; Betts, C.A.; Blain, A.; Saleh, A.F.; Gait, M.J.; Lochmüller, H.; Wood, M.J.; Roberts, T.C. Identification of novel, therapy-responsive protein biomarkers in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by aptamer-based serum proteomics. *Sci. Rep.* **2015**, *5*, 17014. [CrossRef]

350. Spitali, P.; Hettne, K.; Tsonaka, R.; Charrout, M.; van den Bergen, J.; Koeks, Z.; Kan, H.E.; Hooijmans, M.T.; Roos, A.; Straub, V.; et al. Tracking disease progression non-invasively in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. *J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle* **2018**, *9*, 715–726. [CrossRef]

351. Parolo, S.; Marchetti, L.; Lauria, M.; Misselbeck, K.; Scott-Boyer, M.P.; Caberlotto, L.; Priami, C. Combined use of protein biomarkers and network analysis unveils deregulated regulatory circuits in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *PLoS ONE* **2018**, *13*, e0194225. [CrossRef]

352. Villalta, S.A.; Rosenberg, A.S.; Bluestone, J.A. The immune system in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Friend or foe. *Rare Dis.* **2015**, *3*, e1010966. [CrossRef]

353. Rosenberg, A.S.; Puig, M.; Nagaraju, K.; Hoffman, E.P.; Villalta, S.A.; Rao, V.A.; Wakefield, L.M.; Woodcock, J. Immune-mediated pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Sci. Transl. Med.* **2015**, *7*, 299rv4. [CrossRef]

354. Tidball, J.G.; Welc, S.S.; Wehling-Henricks, M. Immunobiology of Inherited Muscular Dystrophies. *Compr. Physiol.* **2018**, *8*, 1313–1356. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

355. Farini, A.; Sitzia, C.; Cassani, B.; Cassinelli, L.; Rigoni, R.; Colleoni, F.; Fusco, N.; Gatti, S.; Bella, P.; Villa, C.; et al. Therapeutic Potential of Immunoproteasome Inhibition in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Mol. Ther.* **2014**, *24*, 1898–1912. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
356. Giordano, C.; Mojumdar, K.; Liang, F.; Lemaire, C.; Li, T.; Richardson, J.; Divangahi, M.; Qureshi, S.; Petrof, B.J. Toll-like receptor 4 ablation in mdx mice reveals innate immunity as a therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Hum. Mol. Genet.* **2015**, *24*, 2147–6212. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

357. Ouisse, L.H.; Remy, S.; Lafoux, A.; Larcher, T.; Tesson, L.; Chenouard, V.; Guillonneau, C.; Brusselle, L.; Vimond, N.; Rouger, K.; et al. Immunophenotype of a Rat Model of Duchenne's Disease and Demonstration of Improved Muscle Strength After Anti-CD45RC Antibody Treatment. *Front. Immunol.* **2019**, *10*, 2131. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

358. Tripodi, L.; Molinaro, D.; Fortunato, F.; Mella, C.; Cassani, B.; Torrente, Y.; Farini, A. Immunoproteasome Inhibition Ameliorates Aged Dystrophic Mouse Muscle Environment. *Int. J. Mol. Sci.* **2022**, *23*, 14657. [CrossRef]

359. Tripodi, L.; Villa, C.; Molinaro, D.; Torrente, Y.; Farini, A. The Immune System in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis. *Biomedicines* **2021**, *9*, 1447. [CrossRef]

360. Mojumdar, K.; Liang, F.; Giordano, C.; Lemaire, C.; Danialou, G.; Okazaki, T.; Bourdon, J.; Rafei, M.; Galipeau, J.; Divangahi, M.; et al. Inflammatory monocytes promote progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and can be therapeutically targeted via CCR2. *EMBO Mol. Med.* **2014**, *6*, 1476–1492. [CrossRef]

361. Mojumdar, K.; Giordano, C.; Lemaire, C.; Liang, F.; Divangahi, M.; Qureshi, S.T.; Petrof, B.J. Divergent impact of Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency on repair mechanisms in healthy muscle versus Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *J. Pathol.* **2016**, *239*, 10–22. [CrossRef]

362. Lozanoska-Ochser, B.; Benedetti, A.; Rizzo, G.; Marrocco, V.; Di Maggio, R.; Fiore, P.; Bouche, M. Targeting early PKCθ-dependent T-cell infiltration of dystrophic muscle reduces disease severity in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. *J. Pathol.* **2018**, *244*, 323–333. [CrossRef]

363. Lemos, J.P.; Tenório, L.P.G.; Mouly, V.; Butler-Browne, G.; Mendes-da-Cruz, D.A.; Savino, W.; Smeriglio, P. T cell biology in neuromuscular disorders: A focus on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. *Front. Immunol.* **2023**, *14*, 1202834. [CrossRef]

364. Petrof, B.J.; Podolsky, T.; Bhattarai, S.; Tan, J.; Ding, J. Trained immunity as a potential target for therapeutic immunomodulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Front. Immunol.* **2023**, *14*, 1183066. [CrossRef]

365. Rizzo, G.; Di Maggio, R.; Benedetti, A.; Morroni, J.; Bouche, M.; Lozanoska-Ochser, B. Splenic Ly6Chi monocytes are critical players in dystrophic muscle injury and repair. *JCI Insight* **2020**, *5*, 130807. [CrossRef]

366. Mebius, R.E.; Kraal, G. Structure and function of the spleen. *Nat. Rev. Immunol.* **2005**, *5*, 606–616. [CrossRef]

367. Lewis, S.M.; Williams, A.; Eisenbarth, S.C. Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen. *Sci. Immunol.* **2019**, *4*, eaau6085. [CrossRef]

368. Dowling, P.; Gargan, S.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteome-wide Changes in the mdx-4cv Spleen due to Pathophysiological Cross Talk with Dystrophin-Deficient Skeletal Muscle. *iScience* **2020**, *23*, 101500. [CrossRef]

369. Dowling, P.; Gargan, S.; Zweyer, M.; Sabir, H.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of the interface between the stomach wall and the pancreas in dystrophinopathy. *Eur. J. Transl. Myol.* **2021**, *31*, 9627. [CrossRef]

370. Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Sabir, H.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic characterization of the middle-aged mouse brain for animal model research of neuromuscular diseases. *Eur. J. Transl. Myol.* **2023**, *33*, 11553. [CrossRef]

371. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Label-free mass spectrometric analysis reveals complex changes in the brain proteome from the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Clin. Proteom.* **2015**, *12*, 27. [CrossRef]

372. Murphy, S.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic Profiling of the Dystrophin-Deficient Brain. *Methods Mol. Biol.* **2018**, *1687*, 91–105. [CrossRef]

373. Yang, Z.; Wang, K.K. Glial fibrillary acidic protein: From intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker. *Trends Neurosci.* **2015**, *38*, 364–374. [CrossRef]

374. Escartin, C.; Galea, E.; Lakatos, A.; O’Callaghan, J.P.; Petzold, G.C.; Serrano-Pozo, A.; Steinhäuser, C.; Volterra, A.; Carmignoto, G.; Agarwal, A.; et al. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. *Nat. Neurosci.* **2021**, *24*, 312–325. [CrossRef]

375. Jurga, A.M.; Paleczna, M.; Kadluczka, J.; Kuter, K.Z. Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain. *Biomolecules* **2021**, *11*, 1361. [CrossRef]

376. Murphy, S.; Schmitt-John, T.; Dowling, P.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of the brain from the wobbler mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reveals elevated levels of the astrogliosis marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. *Eur. J. Transl. Myol.* **2023**, *33*, 11555. [CrossRef]

377. Chesshyre, M.; Ridout, D.; Hashimoto, Y.; Ookubo, Y.; Torelli, S.; Maresh, K.; Ricotti, V.; Abbott, L.; Gupta, V.A.; Main, M.; et al. Investigating the role of dystrophin isoform deficiency in motor function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle* **2022**, *13*, 1360–1372. [CrossRef]

378. De Stefano, M.E.; Ferretti, V.; Mozzetta, C. Synaptic alterations as a neurodevelopmental trait of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Neurobiol. Dis.* **2022**, *168*, 105718. [CrossRef]

379. Wijekoon, N.; Gonawala, L.; Ratnayake, P.; Amaratunga, D.; Hathout, Y.; Mohan, C.; Steinbusch, H.W.M.; Dalal, A.; Hoffman, E.P.; de Silva, K.R.D. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy from Brain to Muscle: The Role of Brain Dystrophin Isoforms in Motor Functions. *J. Clin. Med.* **2023**, *12*, 5637. [CrossRef]
356. Giordano, C.; Mojumdar, K.; Liang, F.; Lemaire, C.; Li, T.; Richardson, J.; Divangahi, M.; Qureshi, S.; Petrof, B.J. Toll-like receptor 4 ablation in mdx mice reveals innate immunity as a therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Hum. Mol. Genet.* **2015**, *24*, 2147–6212. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

357. Ouisse, L.H.; Remy, S.; Lafoux, A.; Larcher, T.; Tesson, L.; Chenouard, V.; Guillonneau, C.; Brusselle, L.; Vimond, N.; Rouger, K.; et al. Immunophenotype of a Rat Model of Duchenne's Disease and Demonstration of Improved Muscle Strength After Anti-CD45RC Antibody Treatment. *Front. Immunol.* **2019**, *10*, 2131. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

358. Tripodi, L.; Molinaro, D.; Fortunato, F.; Mella, C.; Cassani, B.; Torrente, Y.; Farini, A. Immunoproteasome Inhibition Ameliorates Aged Dystrophic Mouse Muscle Environment. *Int. J. Mol. Sci.* **2022**, *23*, 14657. [CrossRef]

359. Tripodi, L.; Villa, C.; Molinaro, D.; Torrente, Y.; Farini, A. The Immune System in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis. *Biomedicines* **2021**, *9*, 1447. [CrossRef]

360. Mojumdar, K.; Liang, F.; Giordano, C.; Lemaire, C.; Danialou, G.; Okazaki, T.; Bourdon, J.; Rafei, M.; Galipeau, J.; Divangahi, M.; et al. Inflammatory monocytes promote progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and can be therapeutically targeted via CCR2. *EMBO Mol. Med.* **2014**, *6*, 1476–1492. [CrossRef]

361. Mojumdar, K.; Giordano, C.; Lemaire, C.; Liang, F.; Divangahi, M.; Qureshi, S.T.; Petrof, B.J. Divergent impact of Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency on repair mechanisms in healthy muscle versus Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *J. Pathol.* **2016**, *239*, 10–22. [CrossRef]

362. Lozanoska-Ochser, B.; Benedetti, A.; Rizzo, G.; Marrocco, V.; Di Maggio, R.; Fiore, P.; Bouche, M. Targeting early PKCθ-dependent T-cell infiltration of dystrophic muscle reduces disease severity in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. *J. Pathol.* **2018**, *244*, 323–333. [CrossRef]

363. Lemos, J.P.; Tenório, L.P.G.; Mouly, V.; Butler-Browne, G.; Mendes-da-Cruz, D.A.; Savino, W.; Smeriglio, P. T cell biology in neuromuscular disorders: A focus on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. *Front. Immunol.* **2023**, *14*, 1202834. [CrossRef]

364. Petrof, B.J.; Podolsky, T.; Bhattarai, S.; Tan, J.; Ding, J. Trained immunity as a potential target for therapeutic immunomodulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Front. Immunol.* **2023**, *14*, 1183066. [CrossRef]

365. Rizzo, G.; Di Maggio, R.; Benedetti, A.; Morroni, J.; Bouche, M.; Lozanoska-Ochser, B. Splenic Ly6Chi monocytes are critical players in dystrophic muscle injury and repair. *JCI Insight* **2020**, *5*, 130807. [CrossRef]

366. Mebius, R.E.; Kraal, G. Structure and function of the spleen. *Nat. Rev. Immunol.* **2005**, *5*, 606–616. [CrossRef]

367. Lewis, S.M.; Williams, A.; Eisenbarth, S.C. Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen. *Sci. Immunol.* **2019**, *4*, eaau6085. [CrossRef]

368. Dowling, P.; Gargan, S.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteome-wide Changes in the mdx-4cv Spleen due to Pathophysiological Cross Talk with Dystrophin-Deficient Skeletal Muscle. *iScience* **2020**, *23*, 101500. [CrossRef]

369. Dowling, P.; Gargan, S.; Zweyer, M.; Sabir, H.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of the interface between the stomach wall and the pancreas in dystrophinopathy. *Eur. J. Transl. Myol.* **2021**, *31*, 9627. [CrossRef]

370. Dowling, P.; Zweyer, M.; Sabir, H.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic characterization of the middle-aged mouse brain for animal model research of neuromuscular diseases. *Eur. J. Transl. Myol.* **2023**, *33*, 11553. [CrossRef]

371. Murphy, S.; Zweyer, M.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Mundegar, R.R.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Label-free mass spectrometric analysis reveals complex changes in the brain proteome from the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Clin. Proteom.* **2015**, *12*, 27. [CrossRef]

372. Murphy, S.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic Profiling of the Dystrophin-Deficient Brain. *Methods Mol. Biol.* **2018**, *1687*, 91–105. [CrossRef]

373. Yang, Z.; Wang, K.K. Glial fibrillary acidic protein: From intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker. *Trends Neurosci.* **2015**, *38*, 364–374. [CrossRef]

374. Escartin, C.; Galea, E.; Lakatos, A.; O’Callaghan, J.P.; Petzold, G.C.; Serrano-Pozo, A.; Steinhäuser, C.; Volterra, A.; Carmignoto, G.; Agarwal, A.; et al. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. *Nat. Neurosci.* **2021**, *24*, 312–325. [CrossRef]

375. Jurga, A.M.; Paleczna, M.; Kadluczka, J.; Kuter, K.Z. Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain. *Biomolecules* **2021**, *11*, 1361. [CrossRef]

376. Murphy, S.; Schmitt-John, T.; Dowling, P.; Henry, M.; Meleady, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic profiling of the brain from the wobbler mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reveals elevated levels of the astrogliosis marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. *Eur. J. Transl. Myol.* **2023**, *33*, 11555. [CrossRef]

377. Chesshyre, M.; Ridout, D.; Hashimoto, Y.; Ookubo, Y.; Torelli, S.; Maresh, K.; Ricotti, V.; Abbott, L.; Gupta, V.A.; Main, M.; et al. Investigating the role of dystrophin isoform deficiency in motor function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle* **2022**, *13*, 1360–1372. [CrossRef]

378. De Stefano, M.E.; Ferretti, V.; Mozzetta, C. Synaptic alterations as a neurodevelopmental trait of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Neurobiol. Dis.* **2022**, *168*, 105718. [CrossRef]

379. Wijekoon, N.; Gonawala, L.; Ratnayake, P.; Amaratunga, D.; Hathout, Y.; Mohan, C.; Steinbusch, H.W.M.; Dalal, A.; Hoffman, E.P.; de Silva, K.R.D. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy from Brain to Muscle: The Role of Brain Dystrophin Isoforms in Motor Functions. *J. Clin. Med.* **2023**, *12*, 5637. [CrossRef]
380. Andrews, J.G.; Galindo, M.K.; Thomas, S.; Mathews, K.D.; Whitehead, N. DMD Gene and Dystrophinopathy Phenotypes Associated with Mutations: A Systematic Review for Clinicians. *J. Clin. Neuromuscul. Dis.* **2023**, *24*, 171–187. [CrossRef]

381. Hoffman, E.P. Pharmacotherapy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Handb. Exp. Pharmacol.* **2020**, *261*, 25–37. [CrossRef]

382. Grages, S.M.; Bell, M.; Berlau, D.J. New and emerging pharmacotherapy for duchenne muscular dystrophy: A focus on synthetic therapeutics. *Expert Opin. Pharmacother.* **2020**, *21*, 841–851. [CrossRef]

383. Deng, J.; Zhang, J.; Shi, K.; Liu, Z. Drug development progress in duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Front. Pharmacol.* **2022**, *13*, 950651. [CrossRef]

384. Rawls, A.; Diviak, B.K.; Smith, C.I.; Severson, G.W.; Acosta, S.A.; Wilson-Rawls, J. Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches to Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. *Biomolecules* **2023**, *13*, 1536. [CrossRef]

385. Fortunato, F.; Rossi, R.; Falzarano, M.S.; Ferlini, A. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *J. Clin. Med.* **2021**, *10*, 820. [CrossRef]

386. Markati, T.; Oskoui, M.; Farrar, M.A.; Duong, T.; Goemans, N.; Servais, L. Emerging therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Lancet Neurol.* **2022**, *21*, 814–829. [CrossRef]

387. Chung Liang, L.; Sulaiman, N.; Yazid, M.D. A Decade of Progress in Gene Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review. *Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.* **2022**, *10*, 833833. [CrossRef]

388. Chang, M.; Cai, Y.; Gao, Z.; Chen, X.; Liu, B.; Zhang, C.; Yu, W.; Cao, Q.; Shen, Y.; Yao, X.; et al. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Pathogenesis and promising therapies. *J. Neurol.* **2023**, *270*, 3733–3749. [CrossRef]

389. Duan, D. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene Therapy in 2023: Status, Perspective, and Beyond. *Hum. Gene Ther.* **2023**, *34*, 345–349. [CrossRef]

390. Clemens, P.R.; Rao, V.K.; Connolly, A.M.; Harper, A.D.; Mah, J.K.; Smith, E.C.; McDonald, C.M.; Zaidman, C.M.; Morgenroth, L.P.; Osaki, H.; et al. Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Viltolarsen in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Amenable to Exon 53 Skipping: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. *JAMA Neurol.* **2020**, *77*, 982–991. [CrossRef]

391. Novak, J.S.; Spathis, R.; Dang, U.J.; Fiorillo, A.A.; Hindupur, R.; Tully, C.B.; Mázala, D.A.G.; Canessa, E.; Brown, K.J.; Partridge, T.A.; et al. Interrogation of Dystrophin and Dystroglycan Complex Protein Turnover After Exon Skipping Therapy. *J. Neuromuscul. Dis.* **2021**, *8*, S383–S402. [CrossRef]

392. Eser, G.; Topaloğlu, H. Current Outline of Exon Skipping Trials in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Genes* **2022**, *13*, 1241. [CrossRef]

393. Mercuri, E.; Seferian, A.M.; Servais, L.; Deconinck, N.; Stevenson, H.; Ni, X.; Zhang, W.; East, L.; Yonren, S.; Muntoni, F.; et al. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of eteplirsen in young boys aged 6-48 months with Duchenne muscular dystrophy amenable to exon 51 skipping. *Neuromuscul. Disord.* **2023**, *33*, 476–483. [CrossRef]

394. Min, Y.L.; Bassel-Duby, R.; Olson, E.N. CRISPR Correction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Annu. Rev. Med.* **2019**, *70*, 239–255. [CrossRef]

395. Kupatt, C.; Windisch, A.; Moretti, A.; Wolf, E.; Wurst, W.; Walter, M.C. Genome editing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A glimpse of the future? *Gene Ther.* **2021**, *28*, 542–548. [CrossRef]

396. Chemello, F.; Olson, E.N.; Bassel-Duby, R. CRISPR- Editing Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Hum. Gene Ther.* **2023**, *34*, 379–387. [CrossRef]

397. Politano, L. Read-through approach for stop mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. An update. *Acta Myol.* **2021**, *40*, 43–50. [CrossRef]

398. Seto, J.T.; Ramos, J.N.; Muir, L.; Chamberlain, J.S.; Odom, G.L. Gene replacement therapies for duchenne muscular dystrophy using adeno-associated viral vectors. *Curr. Gene Ther.* **2012**, *12*, 139–151. [CrossRef]

399. Nance, M.E.; Duan, D. Perspective on Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Modification for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene Therapy. *Hum. Gene Ther.* **2015**, *26*, 786–800. [CrossRef]

400. Duan, D. Systemic AAV Micro-dystrophin Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Mol. Ther.* **2018**, *26*, 2337–2356. [CrossRef]

401. Mendell, J.R.; Sahlen, Z.; Lehman, K.; Nease, C.; Lowes, L.P.; Miller, N.F.; Iammarino, M.A.; Alfano, L.N.; Nicholl, A.; Al-Zaidy, S.; et al. Assessment of Systemic Delivery of rAAVrh74.MHCK7.micro-dystrophin in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. *JAMA Neurol.* **2020**, *77*, 1122–1131. [CrossRef]

402. Matsuzaka, Y.; Hirai, Y.; Hashido, K.; Okada, T. Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles-Capsulated Adeno-Associated Virus Vector via nSMase2/Smpd3, Satellite, and Immune Cells in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Int. J. Mol. Sci.* **2022**, *23*, 1551. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

403. Loro, E.; Sengupta, K.; Bogdanovich, S.; Whig, K.; Schultz, D.C.; Huryn, D.M.; Khurana, T.S. High-throughput identification of post-transcriptional utrophin up-regulators for Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) therapy. *Sci. Rep.* **2020**, *10*, 2132. [CrossRef]

404. Soblechero-Martín, P.; López-Martínez, A.; de la Puente-Ovejero, L.; Vallejo-Illarramendi, A.; Arechavala-Gomeza, V. Utoprin modulator drugs as potential therapies for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. *Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol.* **2021**, *47*, 711–723. [CrossRef]

405. Vuorinen, A.; Wilkinson, I.V.L.; Chatzopoulou, M.; Edwards, B.; Squire, S.E.; Fairclough, R.J.; Bazan, N.A.; Milner, J.A.; Conole, D.; Donald, J.R.; et al. Discovery and mechanism of action studies of 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine-2-carbohydrazides as utrophin modulators for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Eur. J. Med. Chem.* **2021**, *220*, 113431. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

406. Galli, F.; Mouly, V.; Butler-Browne, G.; Cossu, G. Challenges in cell transplantation for muscular dystrophy. *Exp. Cell Res.* **2021**, *409*, 112908. [CrossRef]
380. Andrews, J.G.; Galindo, M.K.; Thomas, S.; Mathews, K.D.; Whitehead, N. DMD Gene and Dystrophinopathy Phenotypes Associated with Mutations: A Systematic Review for Clinicians. *J. Clin. Neuromuscul. Dis.* **2023**, *24*, 171–187. [CrossRef]

381. Hoffman, E.P. Pharmacotherapy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Handb. Exp. Pharmacol.* **2020**, *261*, 25–37. [CrossRef]

382. Grages, S.M.; Bell, M.; Berlau, D.J. New and emerging pharmacotherapy for duchenne muscular dystrophy: A focus on synthetic therapeutics. *Expert Opin. Pharmacother.* **2020**, *21*, 841–851. [CrossRef]

383. Deng, J.; Zhang, J.; Shi, K.; Liu, Z. Drug development progress in duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Front. Pharmacol.* **2022**, *13*, 950651. [CrossRef]

384. Rawls, A.; Diviak, B.K.; Smith, C.I.; Severson, G.W.; Acosta, S.A.; Wilson-Rawls, J. Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches to Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. *Biomolecules* **2023**, *13*, 1536. [CrossRef]

385. Fortunato, F.; Rossi, R.; Falzarano, M.S.; Ferlini, A. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *J. Clin. Med.* **2021**, *10*, 820. [CrossRef]

386. Markati, T.; Oskoui, M.; Farrar, M.A.; Duong, T.; Goemans, N.; Servais, L. Emerging therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. *Lancet Neurol.* **2022**, *21*, 814–829. [CrossRef]

387. Chung Liang, L.; Sulaiman, N.; Yazid, M.D. A Decade of Progress in Gene Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review. *Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.* **2022**, *10*, 833833. [CrossRef]

388. Chang, M.; Cai, Y.; Gao, Z.; Chen, X.; Liu, B.; Zhang, C.; Yu, W.; Cao, Q.; Shen, Y.; Yao, X.; et al. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Pathogenesis and promising therapies. *J. Neurol.* **2023**, *270*, 3733–3749. [CrossRef]

389. Duan, D. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene Therapy in 2023: Status, Perspective, and Beyond. *Hum. Gene Ther.* **2023**, *34*, 345–349. [CrossRef]

390. Clemens, P.R.; Rao, V.K.; Connolly, A.M.; Harper, A.D.; Mah, J.K.; Smith, E.C.; McDonald, C.M.; Zaidman, C.M.; Morgenroth, L.P.; Osaki, H.; et al. Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Viltolarsen in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Amenable to Exon 53 Skipping: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. *JAMA Neurol.* **2020**, *77*, 982–991. [CrossRef]

391. Novak, J.S.; Spathis, R.; Dang, U.J.; Fiorillo, A.A.; Hindupur, R.; Tully, C.B.; Mázala, D.A.G.; Canessa, E.; Brown, K.J.; Partridge, T.A.; et al. Interrogation of Dystrophin and Dystroglycan Complex Protein Turnover After Exon Skipping Therapy. *J. Neuromuscul. Dis.* **2021**, *8*, S383–S402. [CrossRef]

392. Eser, G.; Topaloğlu, H. Current Outline of Exon Skipping Trials in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Genes* **2022**, *13*, 1241. [CrossRef]

393. Mercuri, E.; Seferian, A.M.; Servais, L.; Deconinck, N.; Stevenson, H.; Ni, X.; Zhang, W.; East, L.; Yonren, S.; Muntoni, F.; et al. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of eteplirsen in young boys aged 6-48 months with Duchenne muscular dystrophy amenable to exon 51 skipping. *Neuromuscul. Disord.* **2023**, *33*, 476–483. [CrossRef]

394. Min, Y.L.; Bassel-Duby, R.; Olson, E.N. CRISPR Correction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Annu. Rev. Med.* **2019**, *70*, 239–255. [CrossRef]

395. Kupatt, C.; Windisch, A.; Moretti, A.; Wolf, E.; Wurst, W.; Walter, M.C. Genome editing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A glimpse of the future? *Gene Ther.* **2021**, *28*, 542–548. [CrossRef]

396. Chemello, F.; Olson, E.N.; Bassel-Duby, R. CRISPR- Editing Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Hum. Gene Ther.* **2023**, *34*, 379–387. [CrossRef]

397. Politano, L. Read-through approach for stop mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. An update. *Acta Myol.* **2021**, *40*, 43–50. [CrossRef]

398. Seto, J.T.; Ramos, J.N.; Muir, L.; Chamberlain, J.S.; Odom, G.L. Gene replacement therapies for duchenne muscular dystrophy using adeno-associated viral vectors. *Curr. Gene Ther.* **2012**, *12*, 139–151. [CrossRef]

399. Nance, M.E.; Duan, D. Perspective on Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Modification for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene Therapy. *Hum. Gene Ther.* **2015**, *26*, 786–800. [CrossRef]

400. Duan, D. Systemic AAV Micro-dystrophin Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. *Mol. Ther.* **2018**, *26*, 2337–2356. [CrossRef]

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411. Fortunato, F.; Ferlini, A. Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Current Status and Future Directions. *J. Neuromuscul. Dis.* **2023**, *10*, 987–1002. [CrossRef]

412. O'Sullivan, E.M.; Dowling, P.; Swandulla, D.; Ohlendieck, K. Proteomic Identification of Saliva Proteins as Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers. *Methods Mol. Biol.* **2023**, *2596*, 147–167. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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429. Robertson, A.S.; Majchrzak, M.J.; Smith, C.M.; Gagnon, R.C.; Devidze, N.; Banks, G.B.; Little, S.C.; Nabbie, F.; Bounous, D.I.; DiPiero, J.; et al. Dramatic elevation in urinary amino terminal titin fragment excretion quantified by immunoassay in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and in dystrophin deficient rodents. *Neuromuscul. Disord.* **2017**, *27*, 635–645. [CrossRef]

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