Zou, L., 2015. President Xi Jinping meets Turkish President ahead of G20 Summit. People's Daily, [online] 15 November. Available at: <http://en.people.cn/n/2015/1115/c90000-8976633.html> [Accessed 17 February 2022].

Iran's Look to the East Policy after US Withdrawal from Nuclear Deal

Avis, W.R., 2017. Scenario thinking and usage among development actors. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.

CSIS. 2021. How is China influencing global maritime connectivity? [online] 30 April. Available at: <https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-china-influencing-global-maritime-connectivity> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Friedman, G., 2015. Opinion: On Israel; the case against attacking Iran. Market Watch, [online] August 25. Available at: <https://www.marketwatch.com/story/on-israel-the-case-against-attacking-iran-2015-08-25> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Gharayagh-Zandi, D., 2018. Iran's perspective on Europe, Iran, and Turkey triangular interdependencies: Based on BRI Initiative. International symposium on China's West Asian Strategies and Belt and Road Initiative-BRI. Ankara: IRAM.

Gharayagh-Zandi, D., 2022. Āyandeh pazhohi va Siyasat gozari 'omomi; mafhom va rāvesh [Futures studies and public policy: Concepts and method]. Political Strategic Studies, 10(2), pp.175-208. DOI: 10.22054/QPSS.2021.60284.2826. [Accessed 18 April 2023].

Iran's Parliament Website, 22 April 2022. An English Version of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Available at: <https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/133730> [Accessed 22 April 2023].

Karimipour, Y., 1994. Moqadamy bar Īrān va hamsayeqan; manabe' tanesh va tahdid. [An introduction to Iran and its neighbours; based on resources of tension and threat]. Tehran: Tarbyyat Moa'llem University.

Karnitsching, M., 2023. Iran in secret talks with China, Russia to acquire sanctioned missile fuel. Politico Magazine, [online] 12 April. Available at: <https://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-ukraine-war-xi-jinping-china-russia-in-secret-talks-to-supply-iran-missile-propellant/> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Mesbahi, M., 2011. Free and confined; Iran and the International System. Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 2(5), pp.9-34.

Milani, A., 2007. Russia and Iran: An anti-western alliance? Current History, 106(702), pp.328-332.

Mohammadi, M., 1998. Syyasat kharejy jomhory eslamy Īrān; osol va masāel. [The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Principles and issues]. Tehran: Dadgostar.

Philips, J., 2021. Iran looks East, building ties with China. The Heritage Foundation, [online] 21 December. Available at: <https://www.heritage.org/middle-east/report/iran-looks-east-building-ties-china> [Accessed 30 March 2022].

President of Iran, 2016. Joint Statement on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between Islamic Republic of Iran and People Republic of China. Available at: <https://www.president.ir/EN/91435> [Accessed 5 April 2016].

President of Iran, 2021. A Document for Development of Iran in the People's Government. Available at: <https://media.president.ir/uploads/ads/164681477506836200.pdf> [Accessed 22 April 2023].

Rezai, A., 2021. Syasat kharejy matlub dawlat raeisi; ology nazm 'edalat mehvar mobtany bar rahbord movazeneh narm. [A Desired foreign policy of the Raeisi Administration: A just order pattern based on soft balancing strategy]. Journal of Political Strategy, 17(2), pp.23-45.

Sahakyan, M., 2022a. 'China's Belt and Road Initiative, the Middle East, and Iran', in Arase, D. and Amakasu Rapos de Medeiros Carvalho, P.M., eds., The Belt and Road Initiative in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.107-125.

Sahakyan, M., 2022b. 'China's policy on the Iranian Nuclear Issue: Cooperation and disagreements with Russia and the United States', in Mahdavi, M. and Keskin, T., eds., Rethinking China, the Middle East, and Asia in a 'Multiplex World'. Leiden: Brill, pp.232-241.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Introduction: China, Eurasia, and the Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security,
Zou, L., 2015. President Xi Jinping meets Turkish President ahead of G20 Summit. People's Daily, [online] 15 November. Available at: <http://en.people.cn/n/2015/1115/c90000-8976633.html> [Accessed 17 February 2022].

Iran's Look to the East Policy after US Withdrawal from Nuclear Deal

Avis, W.R., 2017. Scenario thinking and usage among development actors. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.

CSIS. 2021. How is China influencing global maritime connectivity? [online] 30 April. Available at: <https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-china-influencing-global-maritime-connectivity> [Accessed 12 April 2021].

Friedman, G., 2015. Opinion: On Israel; the case against attacking Iran. Market Watch, [online] August 25. Available at: <https://www.marketwatch.com/story/on-israel-the-case-against-attacking-iran-2015-08-25> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Gharayagh-Zandi, D., 2018. Iran's perspective on Europe, Iran, and Turkey triangular interdependencies: Based on BRI Initiative. International symposium on China's West Asian Strategies and Belt and Road Initiative-BRI. Ankara: IRAM.

Gharayagh-Zandi, D., 2022. Āyandeh pazhohi va Siyasat gozari 'omomi; mafhom va rāvesh [Futures studies and public policy: Concepts and method]. Political Strategic Studies, 10(2), pp.175-208. DOI: 10.22054/QPSS.2021.60284.2826. [Accessed 18 April 2023].

Iran's Parliament Website, 22 April 2022. An English Version of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Available at: <https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/133730> [Accessed 22 April 2023].

Karimipour, Y., 1994. Moqadamy bar Īrān va hamsayeqan; manabe' tanesh va tahdid. [An introduction to Iran and its neighbours; based on resources of tension and threat]. Tehran: Tarbyyat Moa'llem University.

Karnitsching, M., 2023. Iran in secret talks with China, Russia to acquire sanctioned missile fuel. Politico Magazine, [online] 12 April. Available at: <https://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-ukraine-war-xi-jinping-china-russia-in-secret-talks-to-supply-iran-missile-propellant/> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Mesbahi, M., 2011. Free and confined; Iran and the International System. Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 2(5), pp.9-34.

Milani, A., 2007. Russia and Iran: An anti-western alliance? Current History, 106(702), pp.328-332.

Mohammadi, M., 1998. Syyasat kharejy jomhory eslamy Īrān; osol va masāel. [The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Principles and issues]. Tehran: Dadgostar.

Philips, J., 2021. Iran looks East, building ties with China. The Heritage Foundation, [online] 21 December. Available at: <https://www.heritage.org/middle-east/report/iran-looks-east-building-ties-china> [Accessed 30 March 2022].

President of Iran, 2016. Joint Statement on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between Islamic Republic of Iran and People Republic of China. Available at: <https://www.president.ir/EN/91435> [Accessed 5 April 2016].

President of Iran, 2021. A Document for Development of Iran in the People's Government. Available at: <https://media.president.ir/uploads/ads/164681477506836200.pdf> [Accessed 22 April 2021].

Rezai, A., 2021. Syasat kharejy matlub dawlat raeisi; ology nazm 'edalat mehvar mobtany bar rahbord movazeneh narm. [A Desired foreign policy of the Raeisi Administration: A just order pattern based on soft balancing strategy]. Journal of Political Strategy, 17(2), pp.23-45.

Sahakyan, M., 2022a. 'China's Belt and Road Initiative, the Middle East, and Iran', in Arase, D. and Amakasu Rapos de Medeiros Carvalho, P.M., eds., The Belt and Road Initiative in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.107-125.

Sahakyan, M., 2022b. 'China's policy on the Iranian Nuclear Issue: Cooperation and disagreements with Russia and the United States', in Mahdavi, M. and Keskin, T., eds., Rethinking China, the Middle East, and Asia in a 'Multiplex World'. Leiden: Brill, pp.232-241.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Introduction: China, Eurasia, and the Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security,
diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.1-7.

Sanaie, M., Divsallar, A. and Azizi, H., 2022. Īrān ba kodam rossieh taraf ast? [Which Russia would be meant by Iran?]. The Institute for Iran-Eurasia Studies. Available at:

<https://www.iras.ir/%d9%86%D9%82%D8%b4-%da%a9%D8%b1%D9%85%D9%84%db%8c%D9%86-%d8%af%D8%b1-%d9%85%D8%b0%D8%a7%da%a9%D8%b1%D8%a7%D8%aa-%d9%87%D8%b3%D8%aa%D9%87%e2%80%8c%D8%a7%db%8c-%da%86%db%8c%D8%b3%D8%aa%D8%9f-%d8%b1/> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Saudi Gazette, 2022. Saudi Arabia, China Joint Statement after Xi's Visit. [online] 9 December.

Available at: <https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/627825> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Shana, 2022. Vazir Naft dar barname jahan Åra [The Minister of Petroleum in the program on global issues]. [online] 23 August. Available at:

<https://www.shana.ir/news/460969/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7> [Accessed 2 June 2023].

Tabnak, 2020. Mten Farsi va virayesh nahaei pishnevis ghardad 25 saleh Iran va Chin [A final Persian version of Iran-China's 25 year agreement]. [online] July 13. Available at:

<https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/990054> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Tehran Times, 2023. Iran-EAEU to go operational by late September. [online] January 20.

Available at: <https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/481027/Iran-EAEU-FTA-to-go-operational-by-late-September> [Accessed April 11. 2023].

Tass, Russian News Agency, 2023. Iranian Foreign Ministry Protests to Russian Envoy over Russia-GCC Statement. [online] 12 July. Available at: <https://tass.com/world/1645861> [Accessed 20 February 2024].

US Energy Information Administration, 2023. Iran. [online], April 11. Available at:

<https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/IRN> [Accessed 11 April 2023].

## The GCC States and China

Almezaini, K.S. and Rickli, J., 2017. 'Theories of small states' foreign and security policies and the Gulf States', in Almezaini, K.S. and Rickli, J., eds., The Small Gulf States. Foreign and security policies before and after the Arab Spring. London/New York: Routledge, pp.8-30.

Al-Zahrani, A., 2022. China-Arab States Summit milestone for ties. China Daily, [online] 9 December. Available at:

<https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202212/09/WS6392f7e1a31057c47eba3a3b.html> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Armstrong, C.K., 2013. Tyranny of the weak. North Korea and the World, 1950-1992. Ithaca, NY/London: Cornell University Press.

Baker, P., 2023. Chinese-brokered deal upends mideast diplomacy and challenges U.S. The New York Times, [online] 11 March. Available at:

<https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/11/us/politics/saudi-arabia-iran-china-biden.html> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Boon, H.T. and Ardy, C., 2017. China and lilliputians: Small states in a big power's evolving foreign policy. Asian Security, 13(2), pp.116-131.

Chaziza, M., 2020. China-Bahrain relations in the age of the Belt and Road Initiative. INSS. [pdf] November. Available at: <https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/China-Bahrain-Relations.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Cooper, A.F., Higgott, R.A. and Nossal, K.R., 1991. Bound to follow? Leadership and followership in the Gulf Conflict. Political Science Quarterly, 106(3), pp.391-410.

Doran, M. and Rough, P., 2020. China's emerging Middle Eastern Kingdom. The Tablet, [online] 3 August. Available at: <https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/israel-middle-east/articles/china-middle-eastern-kingdom> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Efremova, K., 2019. Small States in Great Power politics. Understanding the "Buffer Effect". Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 13(1), pp.100-121.
diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.1-7.

Sanaie, M., Divsallar, A. and Azizi, H., 2022. Īrān ba kodam rossieh taraf ast? [Which Russia would be meant by Iran?]. The Institute for Iran-Eurasia Studies. Available at:
<https://www.iras.ir/%d9%86%D9%82%D8%b4-

%da%a9%D8%b1%d9%85%D9%84%db%8c%D9%86-%d8%af%D8%b1-%d9%85%D8%b0%D8%a7%da%a9%D8%b1%D8%a7%D8%aa-%d9%87%D8%b3%D8%aa%D9%87%e2%80%8c%D8%a7%db%8c-%da%86%db%8c%D8%b3%D8%aa%D8%9f-%d8%b1/> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Saudi Gazette, 2022. Saudi Arabia, China Joint Statement after Xi's Visit. [online] 9 December. Available at: <https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/627825> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Shana, 2022. Vazir Naft dar barname jahan Åra [The Minister of Petroleum in the program on global issues]. [online] 23 August. Available at:
<https://www.shana.ir/news/460969/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1-

%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-

%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-

%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7> [Accessed 2 June 2023].

Tabnak, 2020. Mten Farsi va virayesh nahaei pishnevis ghardad 25 saleh Iran va Chin [A final Persian version of Iran-China's 25 year agreement]. [online] July 13. Available at:
<https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/990054> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Tehran Times, 2023. Iran-EAEU to go operational by late September. [online] January 20.

Available at: <https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/481027/Iran-EAEU-FTA-to-go-operational-by-late-September> [Accessed April 11. 2023].

Tass, Russian News Agency, 2023. Iranian Foreign Ministry Protests to Russian Envoy over Russia-GCC Statement. [online] 12 July. Available at: <https://tass.com/world/1645861> [Accessed 20 February 2024].

US Energy Information Administration, 2023. Iran. [online], April 11. Available at:

<https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/IRN> [Accessed 11 April 2023].

## The GCC States and China

Almezaini, K.S. and Rickli, J., 2017. 'Theories of small states' foreign and security policies and the Gulf States', in Almezaini, K.S. and Rickli, J., eds., The Small Gulf States. Foreign and security policies before and after the Arab Spring. London/New York: Routledge, pp.8-30.

Al-Zahrani, A., 2022. China-Arab States Summit milestone for ties. China Daily, [online] 9 December. Available at:

<https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202212/09/WS6392f7e1a31057c47eba3a3b.html> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Armstrong, C.K., 2013. Tyranny of the weak. North Korea and the World, 1950-1992. Ithaca, NY/London: Cornell University Press.

Baker, P., 2023. Chinese-brokered deal upends mideast diplomacy and challenges U.S. The New York Times, [online] 11 March. Available at:

<https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/11/us/politics/saudi-arabia-iran-china-biden.html> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Boon, H.T. and Ardy, C., 2017. China and lilliputians: Small states in a big power's evolving foreign policy. Asian Security, 13(2), pp.116-131.

Chaziza, M., 2020. China-Bahrain relations in the age of the Belt and Road Initiative. INSS. [pdf] November. Available at: <https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/China-Bahrain-Relations.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Cooper, A.F., Higgott, R.A. and Nossal, K.R., 1991. Bound to follow? Leadership and followership in the Gulf Conflict. Political Science Quarterly, 106(3), pp.391-410.

Doran, M. and Rough, P., 2020. China's emerging Middle Eastern Kingdom. The Tablet, [online] 3 August. Available at: <https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/israel-middle-east/articles/china-middle-eastern-kingdom> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Efremova, K., 2019. Small States in Great Power politics. Understanding the "Buffer Effect". Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 13(1), pp.100-121.
Ehteshami, A. and Horesh, N., 2020. How China's rise is changing the Middle East. Abingdon: Routledge.

EIA, 2022b. As of 2021 China imports more Liquefied Natural Gas than any other country. Available at: <https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=52258> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Esfandiary, D. and Jacobs, A., 2023. How Beijing helped Riyadh and Tehran reach a Détente. Crisis Group. Available at: <https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa-saudi-arabia-iran-china/how-beijing-helped-riyadh-and-tehran-reach-detente> [Accessed 28 March 2023].
Fulton, J., 2020a. China-Saudi Arabia relations through the '1+2+3' cooperation pattern. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 14(4), pp.516–527.

Fulton, J., 2020b. Domestic politics as fuel for China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative: The case of Gulf Monarchies. Journal of Contemporary China, 29(122), pp.175–190.

Fulton, J. 2022. Systemic change and regional orders: Asian responses to a Gulf in transition. The International Spectator, 57(4), pp.1–19.

Gärtner, H., 2021. 'Eurasia between multipolarity and multilateralism', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.9–24.

Grotteria, M., Miller, M. and Naaraayanan, L., 2022. Foreign influence in US politics. Jacob Levy Equity Management Center for Quantitative Financial Research Paper, [pdf] 23 March. Available at: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4058658> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Grygiel, J.J. and Mitchell, A.W., 2016. The unquiet frontier. Rising rivals, vulnerable allies, and the crisis of American power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Haass, R., 2017. A world in disarray. American foreign policy and crisis of the old order. New York: Pinguin Books.

Haglund, D.G. and McNeil-Hay, T., 2011. The German lobby and US foreign policy. What, if anything, does it tell us about the debate over the 'Israel lobby'? Ethnopolitics, 10(3–4), pp.321–344.

Handel, M.I., 1990. Weak states in the international system. London/New York: Routledge.

Hansen, B., 2011. Unipolarity and world politics. A theory and its implications. New York: Routledge.

Hashem, E., 2021. 'The GCC countries and China: An exponentially growing partnership in a rapidly changing world order', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, pp.165–202.

II, 2022. Pundits in Iran say China's support for UAE 'humilating'. Iran International, [online] 12 December. Available at: <https://www.iranintl.com/en/202212126941> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

IMF, 2022. Economic perspectives and policy challenges for the GCC countries – 2022. International Monetary Fund. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2022/11/29/Gulf-Cooperation-Council-Economic-Prospects-and-Policy-Challenges-for-the-GCC-Countries-525945> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Interesse, G., 2022. China and the GCC: Bilateral trade and economic engagement. China Briefing, [online] August 25. Available at: <https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-and-the-gcc-bilateral-trade-and-economic-engagement/> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Iqtait, A., 2018. China's rising interests in Qatar. The Interpreter, [online] 18 June. Available at: <https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/china-s-rising-interests-qatar> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

ITC, 2023. Trade Map Database. International Trade Centre, [online] Available at: <https://www.trademap.org> [Accessed 9 August 2023].

Jesse, N.G. and Dreyer, J.R., 2016. Small states in the international system. At peace and war. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

Kausch, K., 2016. The Promise of Middle Eastern Swing States. Carnegie Europe, [online] 12 May. Available at: <https://carnegie europe.eu/2016/05/12/promise-ofmiddle-eastern-swing-states-pub-63565> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Kilman, D.M., 2012. The West and global swing states. The International Spectator, 47(3), pp.53–64.
Ehteshami, A. and Horesh, N., 2020. How China's rise is changing the Middle East. Abingdon: Routledge.

EIA, 2022b. As of 2021 China imports more Liquefied Natural Gas than any other country. Available at: <https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=52258> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Esfandiary, D. and Jacobs, A., 2023. How Beijing helped Riyadh and Tehran reach a Détente. Crisis Group. Available at: <https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa-saudi-arabia-iran-china/how-beijing-helped-riyadh-and-tehran-reach-detente> [Accessed 28 March 2023].
Fulton, J., 2020a. China-Saudi Arabia relations through the '1+2+3' cooperation pattern. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 14(4), pp.516–527.

Fulton, J., 2020b. Domestic politics as fuel for China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative: The case of Gulf Monarchies. Journal of Contemporary China, 29(122), pp.175–190.

Fulton, J. 2022. Systemic change and regional orders: Asian responses to a Gulf in transition. The International Spectator, 57(4), pp.1–19.

Gärtner, H., 2021. 'Eurasia between multipolarity and multilateralism', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.9–24.

Grotteria, M., Miller, M. and Naaraayanan, L., 2022. Foreign influence in US politics. Jacob Levy Equity Management Center for Quantitative Financial Research Paper, [pdf] 23 March. Available at: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4058658> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Grygiel, J.J. and Mitchell, A.W., 2016. The unquiet frontier. Rising rivals, vulnerable allies, and the crisis of American power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Haass, R., 2017. A world in disarray. American foreign policy and crisis of the old order. New York: Pinguin Books.

Haglund, D.G. and McNeil-Hay, T., 2011. The German lobby and US foreign policy. What, if anything, does it tell us about the debate over the 'Israel lobby'? Ethnopolitics, 10(3–4), pp.321–344.

Handel, M.I., 1990. Weak states in the international system. London/New York: Routledge.

Hansen, B., 2011. Unipolarity and world politics. A theory and its implications. New York: Routledge.

Hashem, E., 2021. 'The GCC countries and China: An exponentially growing partnership in a rapidly changing world order', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, pp.165–202.

II, 2022. Pundits in Iran say China's support for UAE 'humilating'. Iran International, [online] 12 December. Available at: <https://www.iranintl.com/en/202212126941> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

IMF, 2022. Economic perspectives and policy challenges for the GCC countries – 2022. International Monetary Fund. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2022/11/29/Gulf-Cooperation-Council-Economic-Prospects-and-Policy-Challenges-for-the-GCC-Countries-525945> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Interesse, G., 2022. China and the GCC: Bilateral trade and economic engagement. China Briefing, [online] August 25. Available at: <https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-and-the-gcc-bilateral-trade-and-economic-engagement/> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Iqtait, A., 2018. China's rising interests in Qatar. The Interpreter, [online] 18 June. Available at: <https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/china-s-rising-interests-qatar> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

ITC, 2023. Trade Map Database. International Trade Centre, [online] Available at: <https://www.trademap.org> [Accessed 9 August 2023].

Jesse, N.G. and Dreyer, J.R., 2016. Small states in the international system. At peace and war. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

Kausch, K., 2016. The Promise of Middle Eastern Swing States. Carnegie Europe, [online] 12 May. Available at: <https://carnegie europe.eu/2016/05/12/promise-ofmiddle-eastern-swing-states-pub-63565> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Kilman, D.M., 2012. The West and global swing states. The International Spectator, 47(3), pp.53–64.
Kuik, C., 2021. Getting hedging right: A small-state perspective. China International Strategy Review, 3(2), pp.300–315.

Lake, D.A., 2009. Hierarchy in International Relations. Ithaca, NY/London: Cornell University Press.

Lobell, S.E., Jesse, N.G. and Williams, K.P., 2015. Why do secondary states choose to support, follow, or challenge? International Politics, 52(2), pp.146–162.

Long, T., 2017. Small states, great power? Gaining influence through intrinsic, derivative, and collective power. International Studies Review, 19(2), pp.185–205.

Miller, B., 2004. 'The international system and regional balance in the Middle East. The balance of power paradox', in Paul, T.V., Wirtz, P.T. and Fortmann, J., eds., Balance of power. Theory and practice in the 21st century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp.239–266.

Miller, S., 2023. GCC eyes China's all-yuan, all-energy offer. Energy Intelligence, [online] 18 January. Available at: <https://www.energyintel.com/00000185-c544-de58-a3ef-fddf03880000> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Miyake, K., 2017. China as Middle East power: The pros and cons of a more assertive and capable China in the Gulf and beyond. Center for a New American Security, [online] March. Available at: <https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep06119.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A2e742ea95c77db690dc1787e9139b136&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&origin=&initiator=search-results&acceptTC=1> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Newhouse, J., 2009. Diplomacy, inc.: The influence of lobbies on U.S. foreign policy. Foreign Affairs, 88(3), pp.73–92.

Nye, J.S., 2017. Will the liberal order survive? The history of an idea. Foreign Affairs, 96(1), pp.10–16.

E.N.Rózsa, 2022. Deciphering China in the Middle East. EU ISS. [pdf]. Available at: <https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/Brief%2014%20China%20MENA_0.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

E.N.Rózsa, and Sidlo, K.W., 2020. 'China-MENA relations in the context of Chinese global strategy' in Sidlo, K.W. ed., The role of China in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Beyond economic interests? Euromesco. Available at: <https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/JPS_The-Role-of-China-in-the-MENA.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

OEC, 2023. Observatory of economic complexity database. Available at: <https://oec.world/en> [Accessed 9 August 2023].

Panda, A., 2015. Pakistan's neutrality in the Yemen crisis: Brought to you by China. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/pakistans-neutrality-in-the-yemen-crisis-brought-to-you-by-china/> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Qian, X. and Fulton, J., 2017. China-Gulf economic relationship under the 'Belt and Road' initiative. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 11(3), pp.12–21.

Quirk, P.W., 2020. The Global fragility strategy. Posturing the United States for a reshaping world order. Brookings Institute. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/05/15/the-global-fragility-strategy-posturing-the-united-states-for-a-reshaping-world-order/[Accessed 3 March 2022].

Ramani, S., 2017. China's role in the Yemen crisis. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/chinas-role-in-the-yemen-crisis/> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Reiter, E., 2001. 'Introductory comments on the objective of the small states and alliances workshop', in Reiter, E. and Gärtner, H., eds., Small states and alliances. Berlin: Springer-Verlang, pp.11–14.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Introduction: China, Eurasia, and the Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy, and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.1–7.

Schweller, R.L., 1994. Bandwagoning for profit. Bringing the revisionist state back in. International Security, 19(1), pp.72–107.

Scobell, A. and Nader, A., 2016. China in the Middle East. RAND Corporation. [pdf] Available at: <https://wwwrand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1200/RR1229/RAND_RR1229.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Sidlo, K.W., 2020. 'China's economic engagement in the MENA region' in Sidlo, K.W., ed., The role of China in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Beyond economic interests?
Kuik, C., 2021. Getting hedging right: A small-state perspective. China International Strategy Review, 3(2), pp.300–315.

Lake, D.A., 2009. Hierarchy in International Relations. Ithaca, NY/London: Cornell University Press.

Lobell, S.E., Jesse, N.G. and Williams, K.P., 2015. Why do secondary states choose to support, follow, or challenge? International Politics, 52(2), pp.146–162.

Long, T., 2017. Small states, great power? Gaining influence through intrinsic, derivative, and collective power. International Studies Review, 19(2), pp.185–205.

Miller, B., 2004. 'The international system and regional balance in the Middle East. The balance of power paradox', in Paul, T.V., Wirtz, P.T. and Fortmann, J., eds., Balance of power. Theory and practice in the 21st century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp.239–266.

Miller, S., 2023. GCC eyes China's all-yuan, all-energy offer. Energy Intelligence, [online] 18 January. Available at: <https://www.energyintel.com/00000185-c544-de58-a3ef-fddf03880000> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Miyake, K., 2017. China as Middle East power: The pros and cons of a more assertive and capable China in the Gulf and beyond. Center for a New American Security, [online] March. Available at: <https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep06119.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3A2e742ea95c77db690dc1787e9139b136&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&origin=&initiator=search-results&acceptTC=1> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Newhouse, J., 2009. Diplomacy, inc.: The influence of lobbies on U.S. foreign policy. Foreign Affairs, 88(3), pp.73–92.

Nye, J.S., 2017. Will the liberal order survive? The history of an idea. Foreign Affairs, 96(1), pp.10–16.

E.N.Rózsa, 2022. Deciphering China in the Middle East. EU ISS. [pdf]. Available at: <https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/Brief%2014%20China%20MENA_0.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

E.N.Rózsa, and Sidlo, K.W., 2020. 'China-MENA relations in the context of Chinese global strategy' in Sidlo, K.W. ed., The role of China in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Beyond economic interests? Euromesco. Available at: <https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/JPS_The-Role-of-China-in-the-MENA.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

OEC, 2023. Observatory of economic complexity database. Available at: <https://oec.world/en> [Accessed 9 August 2023].

Panda, A., 2015. Pakistan's neutrality in the Yemen crisis: Brought to you by China. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/pakistans-neutrality-in-the-yemen-crisis-brought-to-you-by-china/> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Qian, X. and Fulton, J., 2017. China-Gulf economic relationship under the 'Belt and Road' initiative. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 11(3), pp.12–21.

Quirk, P.W., 2020. The Global fragility strategy. Posturing the United States for a reshaping world order. Brookings Institute. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/05/15/the-global-fragility-strategy-posturing-the-united-states-for-a-reshaping-world-order/[Accessed 3 March 2022].

Ramani, S., 2017. China's role in the Yemen crisis. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/chinas-role-in-the-yemen-crisis/> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Reiter, E., 2001. 'Introductory comments on the objective of the small states and alliances workshop', in Reiter, E. and Gärtner, H., eds., Small states and alliances. Berlin: Springer-Verlang, pp.11–14.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Introduction: China, Eurasia, and the Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy, and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.1–7.

Schweller, R.L., 1994. Bandwagoning for profit. Bringing the revisionist state back in. International Security, 19(1), pp.72–107.

Scobell, A. and Nader, A., 2016. China in the Middle East. RAND Corporation. [pdf] Available at: <https://wwwrand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1200/RR1229/RAND_RR1229.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Sidlo, K.W., 2020. 'China's economic engagement in the MENA region' in Sidlo, K.W., ed., The role of China in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Beyond economic interests?
Euromesco. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/JPS_The-Role-of-China-in-the-MENA.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Smith, T., 2000. New bottles for new wine: A pericentric framework for the study of the Cold War. Diplomatic History, 24(4), pp.567–591.

Sun, D., 2018. China's soft military presence in the Middle East. King Feisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.kfcris.com/pdf/07b46fba22562acf20bb92fb68f5ea5c5aaa11036d535.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Szalai, M., 2023. Between hedging and bandwagoning – Interpreting the reactions of Middle Eastern and North African states to the Russian-Ukrainian war. Euromesco. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Policy-Brief-Nº123.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Tetreault, M.A., 1991. Autonomy, necessity, and the small state: Ruling Kuwait in the twentieth century. International Organization, 45(4), pp.565–591.

Vital, D., 1967. The inequality of states: A study of the small power in international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Waltz, K.N., 1979. Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Wei, M., 2017. China-Middle East cooperation in the field of infrastructure under the framework of the “Belt and Road” Initiative. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 11(3), pp.22–34.

World Bank, 2018. China trade balance, exports and imports by country 2018. Available at: <https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/CHN/Year/2018/TradeFlow/EXPIMP/Partner/by-country> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Xinhua, 2014. Full text of FM Wang Yi's speech on China's diplomacy in 2014. [online] 26 December. Available at:

<http://english.www.gov.cn/state_council/ministries/2014/12/26/content_281475029808332.htm> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

## Unpacking Germany's Contemporary Relationship with China

Acharya, A., 2014. The end of American World Order. Cambridge/Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Barkin, N., 2020. Germany's strategic gray zone with China. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [pdf] Available at:

<https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Barkin_Germany_China_Policy.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2023].

BDI, 2019. China – A partner and systemic competitor. [online] 11 November. Available at: <https://english.bdi.eu/topics/global-issues/china/#/article/news/china-a-partner-and-competitor> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Beeson, M. and Higgott, R., 2014. The changing architecture of politics in the Asia-Pacific: Australia's middle power moment? International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 14(2), pp.215–237.

Biba, S., 2020. Ganging up on Trump? Sino-German relations and the problem with soft balancing against the USA. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 25(4), pp.531–550.

Biermann, K., 2023. Bundesregierung will Komponenten von Huawei und ZTE verbieten [Federal Government wants to ban components from Huawei and ZTE]. Zeit Online, [online] 6 March. Available at: <https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2023-03/5g-ausbau-bundesregierung-verbot-huawei> [Accessed 2 April 2023].

Blumenau, B., 2022. Breaking with convention? Zeitenwende and the traditional pillars of German foreign policy. International Affairs, 98(6), pp.1895–1913.

Bundestag, 2008. Stenografischer Bericht, 172. Sitzung, 26. Juni 2008 [Stenographic report, 172nd session, 26 June]. [pdf] Available at: <https://dserver.bundestag.de/btp/16/16172.pdf> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Cook, R., Ohle, M. and Han, Z.-Y., 2022. The illusion of the China-US-Europe strategic triangle: Reactions from Germany and the UK. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 27(3), pp.493–518.
Euromesco. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/JPS_The-Role-of-China-in-the-MENA.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Smith, T., 2000. New bottles for new wine: A pericentric framework for the study of the Cold War. Diplomatic History, 24(4), pp.567–591.

Sun, D., 2018. China's soft military presence in the Middle East. King Feisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.kfcris.com/pdf/07b46fba22562acf20bb92fb68f5ea5c5aaa11036d535.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Szalai, M., 2023. Between hedging and bandwagoning – Interpreting the reactions of Middle Eastern and North African states to the Russian-Ukrainian war. Euromesco. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Policy-Brief-Nº123.pdf> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Tetreault, M.A., 1991. Autonomy, necessity, and the small state: Ruling Kuwait in the twentieth century. International Organization, 45(4), pp.565–591.

Vital, D., 1967. The inequality of states: A study of the small power in international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Waltz, K.N., 1979. Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Wei, M., 2017. China-Middle East cooperation in the field of infrastructure under the framework of the “Belt and Road” Initiative. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 11(3), pp.22–34.

World Bank, 2018. China trade balance, exports and imports by country 2018. Available at: <https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/CHN/Year/2018/TradeFlow/EXPIMP/Partner/by-country> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Xinhua, 2014. Full text of FM Wang Yi's speech on China's diplomacy in 2014. [online] 26 December. Available at:

<http://english.www.gov.cn/state_council/ministries/2014/12/26/content_281475029808332.htm> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

## Unpacking Germany's Contemporary Relationship with China

Acharya, A., 2014. The end of American World Order. Cambridge/Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Barkin, N., 2020. Germany's strategic gray zone with China. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. [pdf] Available at:

<https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Barkin_Germany_China_Policy.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2023].

BDI, 2019. China – A partner and systemic competitor. [online] 11 November. Available at: <https://english.bdi.eu/topics/global-issues/china/#/article/news/china-a-partner-and-competitor> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Beeson, M. and Higgott, R., 2014. The changing architecture of politics in the Asia-Pacific: Australia's middle power moment? International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 14(2), pp.215–237.

Biba, S., 2020. Ganging up on Trump? Sino-German relations and the problem with soft balancing against the USA. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 25(4), pp.531–550.

Biermann, K., 2023. Bundesregierung will Komponenten von Huawei und ZTE verbieten [Federal Government wants to ban components from Huawei and ZTE]. Zeit Online, [online] 6 March. Available at: <https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2023-03/5g-ausbau-bundesregierung-verbot-huawei> [Accessed 2 April 2023].

Blumenau, B., 2022. Breaking with convention? Zeitenwende and the traditional pillars of German foreign policy. International Affairs, 98(6), pp.1895–1913.

Bundestag, 2008. Stenografischer Bericht, 172. Sitzung, 26. Juni 2008 [Stenographic report, 172nd session, 26 June]. [pdf] Available at: <https://dserver.bundestag.de/btp/16/16172.pdf> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Cook, R., Ohle, M. and Han, Z.-Y., 2022. The illusion of the China-US-Europe strategic triangle: Reactions from Germany and the UK. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 27(3), pp.493–518.
Deutschlandfunk, 2022. Kompromiss zum COSCO-Einstieg in Hamburger Hafen [Compromise about COSCO shareholding in port of Hamburg]. [online], 26 October. Available at:
<https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/cosco-hamburger-hafen-china-infrastruktur-100.html>
[Accessed 22 March 2023]. DGAP, 2011. Deutsche Macht fürchte ichheute weniger als deutsche Untätigkeit [Today I fear German power less than German inaction]. Available at:
<https://dgap.org/de/veranstaltungen/deutsche-macht-fuerchte-ich-heute-weniger-als-deutsche-untaetigkeit> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Dieter, H., 2021. Die ungewisse Zukunft der Deutsch-chinesischen Beziehungen: Pekings Autarkiestreben und seine aggressive Außenpolitik machen eine Kurskorrektur in Berlin erforderlich [The uncertain future of Sino-German relations: Beijing's pursuit of autarky and its aggressive foreign policy require Berlin's course corrections]. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/studien/2021S23_Deutsch-chinesie-Beziehungen_01.pdf> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Federal Foreign Office, 2020. Policy Guidelines for the Indo-Pacific. [pdf] Available at:
<https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/2380514/f9784f7e3b3fa1bd7c5446d274a4169e/200901-indo-pazifik-leitlinien--1--data.pdf> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Federal Government of Germany, 2021. Koalitionsvertrag zwischen SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und FDP [Coalition Treaty between the SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens and the FDP]. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.bundesregierung.de/resource/blob/974430/1990812/1f422c60505b6a88f8f3b3b5b8720bd4/2021-12-10-koav2021-data.pdf?download=1> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, 2019. Facts about German foreign trade. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/facts-about-german-foreign-trade.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=10> [Accessed 2 April 2023].

Friedberg, A., 2011. A contest for supremacy. China, America, and the struggle for mastery in Asia. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Fukuyama, F., 1992. The end of history and the last man. New York: The Free Press.

Fulda, A., 2020. China is Merkel's biggest failure in office. Foreign Policy, [online] 15 September. Available at: <https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/15/china-merkel-trade-germany-failure-covid-19/?fbclid=%20lwAR0wrFDchsBLISm5ERvqwAM-rBv-18mK8iUYvaEtw6Mdpai2L_ndpj7z Eq> [Accessed 23 March 2023].

Gärtner, H., 2021. 'Eurasia between multipolarity and multilateralism', in Sahakyan, M. and Minister Baerbock. Tagesspiegel, [online] 4 November 2022. Available at:

Goh, E., 2005. Meeting the China challenge. The U.S. in Southeast Asia regional security strategies. Washington, DC: East-West Center.

Goulard, S., 2020. The impact of the US-China trade war on the European Union. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 12(1), pp.56–68.

Höhne, V. and Ismar, G., 2022. Debatte über China-Reise des Kanzlers: SPD sauer auf Außenministerin Baerbock [Debate about the Chancellor's visit to China: SPD furious at Foreign Minister Baerbock]. Tagesspiegel, [online] 4 November 2022. Available at:
<https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/nach-aufforderung-an-scholz-spd-sauer-auf-baerbock-8834827.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Hopewell, K., 2021. When the hegemon goes rogue: Leadership amid the US assault on the liberal trading order. International Affairs, 97(4), pp.1025–1043.

Huang, Y., 2019. Die Chinapolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nach der Wiedervereinigung. Ein Balanceakt zwischen Werten und Interessen [The China policy of the Federal Republic of Germany since the reunification: A balancing act between values and interests]. Wiesbaden: Springer. Ikenberry, G.J., 2008. 'Liberal order building', in Leffler, M.P. and Legro, J.W., eds., To lead the World. American strategy after the Bush Doctrine. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.85–108.

Ikenberry, G.J., 2011. Liberal Leviathan. The origins, crisis, and transformation of the American World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Ikenberry, G.J. and Nexon, D. 2019. Hegemony studies 3.0: The dynamics of hegemonic orders. Security Studies, 28(3), pp.395–421.

Jackson, V., 2014. Power, trust and network complexity: Three logics of hedging in Asian security. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 14(3), pp. 331-356.
Deutschlandfunk, 2022. Kompromiss zum COSCO-Einstieg in Hamburger Hafen [Compromise about COSCO shareholding in port of Hamburg]. [online], 26 October. Available at:
<https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/cosco-hamburger-hafen-china-infrastruktur-100.html>
[Accessed 22 March 2023]. DGAP, 2011. Deutsche Macht fürchte ichheute weniger als deutsche Untätigkeit [Today I fear German power less than German inaction]. Available at:
<https://dgap.org/de/veranstaltungen/deutsche-macht-fuerchte-ich-heute-weniger-als-deutsche-untaetigkeit> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Dieter, H., 2021. Die ungewisse Zukunft der Deutsch-chinesischen Beziehungen: Pekings Autarkiestreben und seine aggressive Außenpolitik machen eine Kurskorrektur in Berlin erforderlich [The uncertain future of Sino-German relations: Beijing's pursuit of autarky and its aggressive foreign policy require Berlin's course corrections]. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/studien/2021S23_Deutsch-chinesie-Beziehungen_01.pdf> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Federal Foreign Office, 2020. Policy Guidelines for the Indo-Pacific. [pdf] Available at:
<https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/2380514/f9784f7e3b3fa1bd7c5446d274a4169e/200901-indo-pazifik-leitlinien-1--data.pdf> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Federal Government of Germany, 2021. Koalitionsvertrag zwischen SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und FDP [Coalition Treaty between the SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens and the FDP]. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.bundesregierung.de/resource/blob/974430/1990812/1f422c60505b6a88f8f3b3b5b8720bd4/2021-12-10-koav2021-data.pdf?download=1> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, 2019. Facts about German foreign trade. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/facts-about-german-foreign-trade.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=10> [Accessed 2 April 2023].

Friedberg, A., 2011. A contest for supremacy. China, America, and the struggle for mastery in Asia. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Fukuyama, F., 1992. The end of history and the last man. New York: The Free Press.

Fulda, A., 2020. China is Merkel's biggest failure in office. Foreign Policy, [online] 15 September. Available at: <https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/15/china-merkel-trade-germany-failure-covid-19/?fbclid=%20lwAR0wrFDchsBLISm5ERvqwAM-rBv-18mK8iUYvaEtw6Mdpai2L_ndpj7z EQ> [Accessed 23 March 2023].

Gärtner, H., 2021. 'Eurasia between multipolarity and multilateralism', in Sahakyan, M. and Minister Baerbock. Tagesspiegel, [online] 4 November 2022. Available at:

Goh, E., 2005. Meeting the China challenge. The U.S. in Southeast Asia regional security strategies. Washington, DC: East-West Center.

Goulard, S., 2020. The impact of the US-China trade war on the European Union. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 12(1), pp.56–68.

Höhne, V. and Ismar, G., 2022. Debatte über China-Reise des Kanzlers: SPD sauer auf Außenministerin Baerbock [Debate about the Chancellor's visit to China: SPD furious at Foreign Minister Baerbock]. Tagesspiegel, [online] 4 November 2022. Available at:
<https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/nach-aufforderung-an-scholz-spd-sauer-auf-baerbock-8834827.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Hopewell, K., 2021. When the hegemon goes rogue: Leadership amid the US assault on the liberal trading order. International Affairs, 97(4), pp.1025–1043.

Huang, Y., 2019. Die Chinapolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nach der Wiedervereinigung. Ein Balanceakt zwischen Werten und Interessen [The China policy of the Federal Republic of Germany since the reunification: A balancing act between values and interests]. Wiesbaden: Springer. Ikenberry, G.J., 2008. 'Liberal order building', in Leffler, M.P. and Legro, J.W., eds., To lead the World. American strategy after the Bush Doctrine. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.85–108.

Ikenberry, G.J., 2011. Liberal Leviathan. The origins, crisis, and transformation of the American World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Ikenberry, G.J. and Nexon, D. 2019. Hegemony studies 3.0: The dynamics of hegemonic orders. Security Studies, 28(3), pp.395–421.

Jackson, V., 2014. Power, trust and network complexity: Three logics of hedging in Asian security. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 14(3), pp. 331-356.
Karnitschnig, M., 2020. Merkel looks east as ties fray between Germany and US. Politico, [online] 8 July. Available at: <https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/07/germany-china-trade-coron%20avirus-us-351922> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Korolev, A., 2016. Systemic balancing and regional hedging: China-Russia relations. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 9(4), pp.375–397.

Korolev, A., 2019a. Russia in the South China Sea: Balancing and hedging. Foreign Policy Analysis, 15(4), pp.263–282.

Korolev, A., 2019b. Shrinking room for hedging: System-unit level dynamics and behavior of small powers. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 19(3), pp.419–452.

Krauthammer, C., 1990/1991. The Unipolar moment. Foreign Affairs, 70(1), pp.23–33.

Kretschmer, F., 2021. Ampelkoalition: Wie geht es weiter mit der deutschen China-Politik? [Coalition between SPD, FDP and the Greens: How to proceed with Germany's China policy].

RND, [online] 7 December. Available at: <https://www.rnd.de/politik/ampelkoalition-wie-geht-es-weiter-mit-der-deutschen-china-politik-B4J4MR7GN5BJ3AP7WHIXHNDT4E.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Kupchan, C., 1998. After Pax Americana. Benign power, regional integration, and the sources of a stable multipolarity. International Security, 23(2), pp.40–79.

Layne, C., 1993. The unipolar illusion: Why new great powers will rise. International Security, 17(4), pp.5–51.

Layne, C., 2020. Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from turning hot. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 13(3), pp.343–385.

Leue, V., 2019. Duisburger Hafen: Boom dank milliardenschwerem Seidenstraßen-Projekt [Port of Duisburg: economic upsurge thanks to project worth billions linked to the Belt and Road Initiative]. Deutschlandfunk Kultur, [online] 20 June. Available at:

<https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/duisburger-hafen-boom-dank-milliardenschwerem-100.html> [Accessed 25 March, 2023].

Levy, J.S., 2003. 'Balances and balancing: Concepts, propositions, and research design', in Vasquez, J.A. and Elman, C., eds., Realism and the balancing power: A new debate. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, pp.128–153.

Lippert, B., von Ondarza, N. and Perthes, V., 2019. European strategic autonomy: Actors, issues, conflicts of interests. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/research_papers/2019RP04_lpt_orz_prt_web.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2023].

Liu, F., 2016. China's security strategy towards East Asia. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 9(2), pp.151–179.

Luce, E., 2018. Henry Kissinger: 'We are in a very, very grave period'. Financial Times, [online] 20 July. Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/926a66b0-8b49-11e8-bf9e-8771d5404543> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Maihold, G., Mair, S., Müller, M., Vorrath, J. and Wagner, C., 2021. German Foreign Policy in transition: Volatile conditions, new momentum. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. [pdf].

Available at: <https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/research_papers/2021RP10_GermanForeignPolicy.pdf> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Miller, B., 2020. Grand strategy from Truman to Trump. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Necsutu, M., 2022. EU to award Moldova, Ukraine candidate status. Balkan Insight [online], 23 June. Available at: <https://balkaninsight.com/2022/06/23/eu-to-award-moldova-ukraine-candidate-status/> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Ohle, M., Cook, R. and Han, Z.-Y., 2020. China's engagement with Kazakhstan and Russia's *Zugzwang*: Why is Nur-Sultan incurring regional power hedging? Journal of Eurasian Studies, 11(1), pp.86–103.

Ross, R., 2018. On the fungibility of economic power: China's economic and the East Asian security order. European Journal of International Relations, 25(1), pp.302–327.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Introduction: China, Eurasia, and the Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.1–7.
Karnitschnig, M., 2020. Merkel looks east as ties fray between Germany and US. Politico, [online] 8 July. Available at: <https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/07/germany-china-trade-coron%20avirus-us-351922> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Korolev, A., 2016. Systemic balancing and regional hedging: China-Russia relations. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 9(4), pp.375–397.

Korolev, A., 2019a. Russia in the South China Sea: Balancing and hedging. Foreign Policy Analysis, 15(4), pp.263–282.

Korolev, A., 2019b. Shrinking room for hedging: System-unit level dynamics and behavior of small powers. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 19(3), pp.419–452.

Krauthammer, C., 1990/1991. The Unipolar moment. Foreign Affairs, 70(1), pp.23–33.

Kretschmer, F., 2021. Ampelkoalition: Wie geht es weiter mit der deutschen China-Politik? [Coalition between SPD, FDP and the Greens: How to proceed with Germany's China policy].

RND, [online] 7 December. Available at: <https://www.rnd.de/politik/ampelkoalition-wie-geht-es-weiter-mit-der-deutschen-china-politik-B4J4MR7GN5BJ3AP7WHIXHNDT4E.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Kupchan, C., 1998. After Pax Americana. Benign power, regional integration, and the sources of a stable multipolarity. International Security, 23(2), pp.40–79.

Layne, C., 1993. The unipolar illusion: Why new great powers will rise. International Security, 17(4), pp.5–51.

Layne, C., 2020. Preventing the China-U.S. Cold War from turning hot. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 13(3), pp.343–385.

Leue, V., 2019. Duisburger Hafen: Boom dank milliardenschwerem Seidenstraßen-Projekt [Port of Duisburg: economic upsurge thanks to project worth billions linked to the Belt and Road Initiative]. Deutschlandfunk Kultur, [online] 20 June. Available at:

<https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/duisburger-hafen-boom-dank-milliardenschwerem-100.html> [Accessed 25 March, 2023].

Levy, J.S., 2003. 'Balances and balancing: Concepts, propositions, and research design', in Vasquez, J.A. and Elman, C., eds., Realism and the balancing power: A new debate. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, pp.128–153.

Lippert, B., von Ondarza, N. and Perthes, V., 2019. European strategic autonomy: Actors, issues, conflicts of interests. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/research_papers/2019RP04_lpt_orz_prt_web.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2023].

Liu, F., 2016. China's security strategy towards East Asia. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 9(2), pp.151–179.

Luce, E., 2018. Henry Kissinger: 'We are in a very, very grave period'. Financial Times, [online] 20 July. Available at: <https://www.ft.com/content/926a66b0-8b49-11e8-bf9e-8771d5404543> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Maihold, G., Mair, S., Müller, M., Vorrath, J. and Wagner, C., 2021. German Foreign Policy in transition: Volatile conditions, new momentum. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. [pdf].

Available at: <https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/research_papers/2021RP10_GermanForeignPolicy.pdf> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Miller, B., 2020. Grand strategy from Truman to Trump. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Necsutu, M., 2022. EU to award Moldova, Ukraine candidate status. Balkan Insight [online], 23 June. Available at: <https://balkaninsight.com/2022/06/23/eu-to-award-moldova-ukraine-candidate-status/> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Ohle, M., Cook, R. and Han, Z.-Y., 2020. China's engagement with Kazakhstan and Russia's *Zugzwang*: Why is Nur-Sultan incurring regional power hedging? Journal of Eurasian Studies, 11(1), pp.86–103.

Ross, R., 2018. On the fungibility of economic power: China's economic and the East Asian security order. European Journal of International Relations, 25(1), pp.302–327.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Introduction: China, Eurasia, and the Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.1–7.
Schweller, R.L., 1994. Bandwagoning for profit: Bringing the revisionist state back in. International Security, 19(1), pp.72–107.

Scobell, A., Burke, E.J., C.A. Cooper III, Lilly, S., Ohrlandt, C.J.R., Warner, E. and Williams, J.D., 2020. China's grand strategy: Trends, trajectories, and long-term competition. RAND. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2798.html> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

State Council, PRC, 2022. Xi Meets German Chancellor Olaf Scholz. Available at: <https://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202211/05/content_WS6365a8a5c6d0a757729e26f c.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Stuttgarter Zeitung, 2023. Außenministerin äußert sich enttäuscht über Xi-Besuch bei Putin [Foreign Minister expresses her disappointment about Xi's visit to Putin]. [online] 21 March.

Available at: <https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.annalena-baerbock-aussenministerin-aeussert-sich-enttaeuscht-ueber-xi-besuch-bei-putin.88830740-dc9f-4a99-9d06-b3b6fa91401a.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Tocci, N., 2021. European strategic autonomy: What it is, why we need it, how to achieve it. Istituto Affari Internazionali. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/9788893681780.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2023].

C. Von Salzen, 2020. Neu gegründeter Verein 'China-Brücke': Was es mit dem neuen Netzwerk auf sich hat – und warum die Mitglieder geheim bleiben [Newly founded association 'China Bridge': What is it about and why do the members keep a low profile]. Tagesspiegel, [online] 6 June. Available at: <https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/was-es-mit-dem-neuen-netzwerk-auf-sich-hat--und-warum-die-mitglieder-geheim-bleiben-7557886.html> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Walt, S.M., 1987. The origins of alliances. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Waltz, K.N., 1979. Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Waltz, K.N., 2000. Structural realism after the Cold War. International Security, 25(1), pp.541.

Zhang, G.-Y., 2020. A comparative view of China-Germany and China-France cooperation.

Supply - Market Insights, [online] February 24. Available at: <https://market-insights.upply.com/en/belt-and-road-initiative-a-comparative-view-of-china-germany-and-china-france-cooperation> [Accessed 3 April 2023].

Zoellick, R., 2005. Whither China? From membership to responsibility. National Committee on U.S.-China Relations. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.ncuscr.org/sites/default/files/migration/zoelick_%20remarks_notes06_winter_sprin g.pdf> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

## Relations Between China and Italy in the Context of the Development of the World Market

Amighini, A., Sciorati, G. and Gili, A., 2019. Cina e Italia: sfide e opportunità di una partnership discussa [China and Italy: Challenges and opportunities of a discussed partnership]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online] 21 March. Available at:

<https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/cina-e-eitalia-sfide-e-opportunita-di-una-partnership-discussa-22615?gclid=Cj0KCQCiA-

oqdBhDfARIsAO0TrGE1erLV7_DnauZSWdVODvAUsRbSse1GnrxFtUT7SgT1WmluTPZsQo4a AjwREALw_wcB> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

ANSA, 2019. Di Maio: 'Con Cina accordi da 2,5 miliardi, potenziale 20 miliardi' [Di Maio: 'Agreements with China worth 2.5 billion, potential 20 billion)]. ANSA, [online] 23 March.

Available at: <https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/2019/03/23/di-maio-con-la-cina-accordi-da-25-mld_3bd5dbee-518b-48f9-a969-230a552eaa38.html> [Accessed 28 Aprile 2023].

ANSA, 2022. Meloni: "Non rinnoverei l'adesione alla via della seta cinese" [Meloni: "I would not renew China's Silk Road membership"). ANSA, [online] 23 September. Available at:

<https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2022/09/23/meloni-non-rinnoverei-ladesione-alla-via-della-seta-cinese_c6c5a8b3-a9a7-4d82-91cc-41d669584cd5.html> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Beckwith, C.I., 2009. Empires of the Silk Road: A history of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the present. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Schweller, R.L., 1994. Bandwagoning for profit: Bringing the revisionist state back in. International Security, 19(1), pp.72–107.

Scobell, A., Burke, E.J., C.A. Cooper III, Lilly, S., Ohrlandt, C.J.R., Warner, E. and Williams, J.D., 2020. China's grand strategy: Trends, trajectories, and long-term competition. RAND. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2798.html> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

State Council, PRC, 2022. Xi Meets German Chancellor Olaf Scholz. Available at: <https://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202211/05/content_WS6365a8a5c6d0a757729e26f c.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Stuttgarter Zeitung, 2023. Außenministerin äußert sich enttäuscht über Xi-Besuch bei Putin [Foreign Minister expresses her disappointment about Xi's visit to Putin]. [online] 21 March.

Available at: <https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.annalena-baerbock-aussenministerin-aeussert-sich-enttaeuscht-ueber-xi-besuch-bei-putin.88830740-dc9f-4a99-9d06-b3b6fa91401a.html> [Accessed 22 March 2023].

Tocci, N., 2021. European strategic autonomy: What it is, why we need it, how to achieve it. Istituto Affari Internazionali. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/9788893681780.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2023].

C. Von Salzen, 2020. Neu gegründeter Verein 'China-Brücke': Was es mit dem neuen Netzwerk auf sich hat – und warum die Mitglieder geheim bleiben [Newly founded association 'China Bridge': What is it about and why do the members keep a low profile]. Tagesspiegel, [online] 6 June. Available at: <https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/was-es-mit-dem-neuen-netzwerk-auf-sich-hat--und-warum-die-mitglieder-geheim-bleiben-7557886.html> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Walt, S.M., 1987. The origins of alliances. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Waltz, K.N., 1979. Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Waltz, K.N., 2000. Structural realism after the Cold War. International Security, 25(1), pp.541.

Zhang, G.-Y., 2020. A comparative view of China-Germany and China-France cooperation.

Supply - Market Insights, [online] February 24. Available at: <https://market-insights.upply.com/en/belt-and-road-initiative-a-comparative-view-of-china-germany-and-china-france-cooperation> [Accessed 3 April 2023].

Zoellick, R., 2005. Whither China? From membership to responsibility. National Committee on U.S.-China Relations. [pdf] Available at:

<https://www.ncuscr.org/sites/default/files/migration/zoelick_%20remarks_notes06_winter_sprin g.pdf> [Accessed 19 March 2023].

## Relations Between China and Italy in the Context of the Development of the World Market

Amighini, A., Sciorati, G. and Gili, A., 2019. Cina e Italia: sfide e opportunità di una partnership discussa [China and Italy: Challenges and opportunities of a discussed partnership]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online] 21 March. Available at:

<https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/cina-e-eitalia-sfide-e-opportunita-di-una-partnership-discussa-22615?gclid=Cj0KCQCiA-

oqdBhDfARIsAO0TrGE1erLV7_DnauZSWdVODvAUsRbSse1GnrxFtUT7SgT1WmluTPZsQo4a AjwREALw_wcB> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

ANSA, 2019. Di Maio: 'Con Cina accordi da 2,5 miliardi' [Di Maio: 'Agreements with China worth 2.5 billion, potential 20 billion)]. ANSA, [online] 23 March.

Available at: <https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/2019/03/23/di-maio-con-la-cina-accordi-da-25-mld_3bd5dbee-518b-48f9-a969-230a552eaa38.html> [Accessed 28 Aprile 2023].

ANSA, 2022. Meloni: "Non rinnoverei l'adesione alla via della seta cinese" [Meloni: "I would not renew China's Silk Road membership"). ANSA, [online] 23 September. Available at:

<https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2022/09/23/meloni-non-rinnoverei-ladesione-alla-via-della-seta-cinese_c6c5a8b3-a9a7-4d82-91cc-41d669584cd5.html> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Beckwith, C.I., 2009. Empires of the Silk Road: A history of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the present. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Bertrand, A., 2022. How China defeated poverty. American Affairs, [online]. Available at: <https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2022/02/how-china-defeated-poverty/> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Casadei, M., 2022. Lusso in Cina: il made in Italy piace alla Gen Z green e individualista [Luxury in China: The made in Italy appeals to the green and individualistic Gen Z]. Il Sole 24 Ore, [online] 11 March. Available at: <https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/lusso-cina-made-italy-fa-breccia-gen-z-conscious-e-individualista-AEzKTYJB> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Cheng, E., 2021. Chinese consumer spending is set to double by 2030, Morgan Stanley predicts. CNBC, [online] 29 January. Available at: <https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/29/chinese-consumer-spending-to-double-by-2030-morgan-stanley-predicts.html> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Cinitalia, 2022. Il "Made in Italy" è sempre più apprezzato in Cina [The "Made in Italy" is increasingly appreciated in China]. Il Giornale, [online] 12 October. Available at: <https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/mondo/made-italy-sempre-pi-apprezzato-cina-2074879.html#:~:text=Nel2021,ilcommercio bilaterale,Cina del 36,3%25.> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Colli, C., 2023. La Cina si prende il porto di Trieste e apre la via della seta [China takes the port of Trieste and opens the silk road]. Panorama, [online] 27 January. Available at: <https://www.panorama.it/economia/cina-prende-porto-trieste-via-della-seta> [Accessed 8 May 2023].

Conklin Akbari, S., 2008. 'Introduction', in Conklin Akbari, S., Iannucci, A., eds., Marco Polo and the Encounter of East and West. Toronto/Buffalo/London: University of Toronto Press. D'Amelio, D., 2020. Dal Dragone all'Aquila. Il porto di Trieste parla di nuovo tedesco [From Dragon to Eagle. The port of Trieste speaks German again]. Limes - Rivista Italiana di Politica, 10, pp.129-145.

Deandreis, M., 2019. BRI: Italia in ritardo nella partita dei porti [BRI: Italy late in the port match]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online], 28 November. Available at: <https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/bri-italia-ritardo-nella-partita-dei-porti-24509> [Accessed 8 May 2023].

Dossi, S., 2014. Rotte cinesi. Teatri marittimi e dottrina militare [Chinese routes. Maritime theatres and military doctrine]. Milan: Università Bocconi Editore.

Fasulo, F., 2020. Italia-Cina: il ruolo delle imprese [Italy-China: The role of businesses]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online] 16 December. Available at: <https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/italia-cina-il-ruolo-delle-imprese-28688> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Gnerre, O.M., 2022. In the flow of history and international relations: A theoretical profile of contemporary China. Bulletin of Oriental Studies, 2(1), pp.106-119.

Governo Italiano, 2019a. Comunicato congiunto tra la Repubblica Italiana e la Repubblica Popolare Cinese sul rafforzamento del partenariato strategico globale [Joint statement between the Italian Republic and the People's Republic of China on strengthening the global strategic partnership]. Governo Italiano - Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri website, [online] 23 March. Available at: <https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/ComunicatoCongiunto_Italia-Cina_20190323.pdf> [Accessed 28 April 2023].

Governo Italiano, 2019b. Memorandum d'intesa tra il Governo della Repubblica Italiana e il Governo della Repubblica Popolare Cinese sulla collaborazione nell'ambito della "Via della Seta economica e dell"Iniziativa per una Via della Seta marittima del 21° secolo" [Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China on collaboration in the context of the "Economic Silk Road" and the "21st century Maritime Silk Road initiative"). Governo Italiano - Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri website, [online] 23 March. Available at: <https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Memorandum_Italia-Cina_IT.pdf> [Accessed 28 Aprile 2023].

Greco, F., 2021. La supercar cinese sarà «made in Emilia»: 1.000 assunzioni nella motor valley [The Chinese supercar will be "made in Emilia": 1,000 hires in the motor valley]. Il Sole 24 Ore, [online] 6 May. Available at: <https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/la-supercar-cinese-sara-made-emilia-1000-assunzioni-motor-valley-AEwuvhF> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Hirt, F., 2021. China and the Roman Orient: Research into their ancient and medieval relations as Represented in Early Chinese Records. Bloomsbury: London.
Bertrand, A., 2022. How China defeated poverty. American Affairs, [online]. Available at: <https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2022/02/how-china-defeated-poverty/> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Casadei, M., 2022. Lusso in Cina: il made in Italy piace alla Gen Z green e individualista [Luxury in China: The made in Italy appeals to the green and individualistic Gen Z]. Il Sole 24 Ore, [online] 11 March. Available at: <https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/lusso-cina-made-italy-fa-breccia-gen-z-conscious-e-individualista-AEzKTYJB> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Cheng, E., 2021. Chinese consumer spending is set to double by 2030, Morgan Stanley predicts. CNBC, [online] 29 January. Available at: <https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/29/chinese-consumer-spending-to-double-by-2030-morgan-stanley-predicts.html> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Cinitalia, 2022. Il "Made in Italy" è sempre più apprezzato in Cina [The "Made in Italy" is increasingly appreciated in China]. Il Giornale, [online] 12 October. Available at: <https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/mondo/made-italy-sempre-pi-apprezzato-cina-2074879.html#:~:text=Nel2021,ilcommercio bilaterale,Cina del 36,3%25.> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Colli, C., 2023. La Cina si prende il porto di Trieste e apre la via della seta [China takes the port of Trieste and opens the silk road]. Panorama, [online] 27 January. Available at: <https://www.panorama.it/economia/cina-prende-porto-trieste-via-della-seta> [Accessed 8 May 2023].

Conklin Akbari, S., 2008. 'Introduction', in Conklin Akbari, S., Iannucci, A., eds., Marco Polo and the Encounter of East and West. Toronto/Buffalo/London: University of Toronto Press. D'Amelio, D., 2020. Dal Dragone all'Aquila. Il porto di Trieste parla di nuovo tedesco [From Dragon to Eagle. The port of Trieste speaks German again]. Limes - Rivista Italiana di Politica, 10, pp.129-145.

Deandreis, M., 2019. BRI: Italia in ritardo nella partita dei porti [BRI: Italy late in the port match]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online], 28 November. Available at: <https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/bri-italia-ritardo-nella-partita-dei-porti-24509> [Accessed 8 May 2023].

Dossi, S., 2014. Rotte cinesi. Teatri marittimi e dottrina militare [Chinese routes. Maritime theatres and military doctrine]. Milan: Università Bocconi Editore.

Fasulo, F., 2020. Italia-Cina: il ruolo delle imprese [Italy-China: The role of businesses]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online] 16 December. Available at: <https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/italia-cina-il-ruolo-delle-imprese-28688> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Gnerre, O.M., 2022. In the flow of history and international relations: A theoretical profile of contemporary China. Bulletin of Oriental Studies, 2(1), pp.106-119.

Governo Italiano, 2019a. Comunicato congiunto tra la Repubblica Italiana e la Repubblica Popolare Cinese sul rafforzamento del partenariato strategico globale [Joint statement between the Italian Republic and the People's Republic of China on strengthening the global strategic partnership]. Governo Italiano - Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri website, [online] 23 March. Available at: <https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/ComunicatoCongiunto_Italia-Cina_20190323.pdf> [Accessed 28 April 2023].

Governo Italiano, 2019b. Memorandum d'intesa tra il Governo della Repubblica Italiana e il Governo della Repubblica Popolare Cinese sulla collaborazione nell'ambito della "Via della Seta economica e dell"Iniziativa per una Via della Seta marittima del 21° secolo" [Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China on collaboration in the context of the "Economic Silk Road" and the "21st century Maritime Silk Road initiative"). Governo Italiano - Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri website, [online] 23 March. Available at: <https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Memorandum_Italia-Cina_IT.pdf> [Accessed 28 Aprile 2023].

Greco, F., 2021. La supercar cinese sarà «made in Emilia»: 1.000 assunzioni nella motor valley [The Chinese supercar will be "made in Emilia": 1,000 hires in the motor valley]. Il Sole 24 Ore, [online] 6 May. Available at: <https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/la-supercar-cinese-sara-made-emilia-1000-assunzioni-motor-valley-AEwuvhF> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Hirt, F., 2021. China and the Roman Orient: Research into their ancient and medieval relations as Represented in Early Chinese Records. Bloomsbury: London.
Ilari, V., eds., 2019a. Italy on the Rimland. Storia militare di una penisola eurasiatica. Tomo I: Intermarium [Italy on the Rimland. Military history of a Eurasian peninsula]. Rome: Nadir.

Ilari, V., eds., 2019b. Italy on the Rimland. Storia militare di una penisola eurasiatica. Tomo II: Suez [Italy on the Rimland. Military history of a Eurasian peninsula. Volume II: Suez]. Rome: Nadir.

InfoMercatiEsteri. 2022. Cina, Rapporti con l'Italia, Scambi commerciali [China, relations with Italy, trade]. Available at:

<https://www.infomercatiesteri.it/scambi_commerciali.php?idpasi=122#www.infomercatiesteri.it> [Accessed 18 April 2022].

Kendall, T., 2006. Marco Polo, orientalism and the experience of China: Australian travel accounts of Mao's republic. Asian Studies Review, 28(4), pp.373–389.

Krauthammer, C., 1990. The unipolar moment. Foreign Affairs, 70(1), 23–33.

Mackinder, H.J., 2004. The geographical pivot of history (1904). The Geographical Journal, 170(4), pp.298–321.

Marx, K., 1979. Per la critica dell'economia politica [Critique of political economy]. Rome: Editori Riuniti.

Meining, D.W., 1956. Heartland and Rimland in Eurasian history. Political Research Quarterly, 9(3), pp.553–569.

Peiyue, L., Hui, Q., Howard, K.W.F. and Jianhua, W., 2015. Building a new and sustainable "Silk Road economic belt". Enviromental Earth Science, 74, pp.7267–7270.

Pietrobelli, C., 2011. Chinese FDI strategy in Italy: The 'Marco Polo effect'. International Journal of Technological Learning, 4(4), pp.277–291.

Pini, S., 2022. L'auto cinese con la formula made in Italy [The Chinese car with the made in Italy formula]. Il Sole 24 Ore, [online]. 19 December. Available at:

<https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/l-auto-cinese-la-formula-made-italy-AEyy8MNC?refresh.ce> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Po-chia Hsia, R., 2010. A Jesuit in the forbidden city: Matteo Ricci 1552–1610. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Polo, M., 2011. Il milione [The Travels of Marco Polo]. Milan: Rizzoli.

RaiNews, 2019. Firmato memorandum Italia-Cina a Villa Madama. Conte: "Ora costruire relazioni più efficaci" [Italy-China memorandum signed at Villa Madama. Conte: "Now we have to build more effective relationships"). RaiNews, 24 March. Available at:

<https://www.rainews.it/archivio-rainews/articoli/xi-a-villa-madama-per-firma-memorandum-italia-cina-20-milardi-potenziali-da-accordi-1c67acaa-23ab-4e82-b48a-70653df484ac.html> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Saccò, P., 2023. I magri risultati del patto Italia-Cina sulla nuova Via della Seta [The meager results of the Italy-China pact on the new Silk Road]. Avvenire, 17 February. Available at:

<https://www.avvenire.it/economia/pagine/dopo-la-pandemia-e-la-guerra-cosa-resta-della-via-della-seta> [Accessed 28 April 2023].

Sahakyan M., ed., 2023. China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London and New York: Routledge.

Schmitt, C., 2015. Land and sea: A world-historical meditation. New York: Telos.

Scott, D., 2008. The great power "great game" between India and China: "The logic of geography". Geopolitics, 13(1), pp.1–26.

Spykman, N.J., 2017. 'Heartland and Rimland', in Kasperson, R.E. and Minghi, J.V., eds., The structure of political geography. London/New York: Routledge.

Spykman, N.J., 1944. The geography of the peace. New York: Brace & Co.

Strangio, D., 2020. Italia-Cina: cinquant'anni di relazioni commerciali [Italy-China: Fifty years of trade relations]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online] 16 December.

Available at: <https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/italia-cina-cinquantanni-di-relazioni-commerciali-28692> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Xi, J., 2017a. Full text of President Xi's speech at opening of Belt and Road forum, MFA, PRC. Available at:

<https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/201705/t20170527_678618.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Xi, J., 2017b. Full text: Xi Jinping's keynote speech at the World Economic forum. The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. Available at:

<http://www.china.org.cn/node_7247529/content_40569136.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2022].
Ilari, V., eds., 2019a. Italy on the Rimland. Storia militare di una penisola eurasiatica. Tomo I: Intermarium [Italy on the Rimland. Military history of a Eurasian peninsula]. Rome: Nadir.

Ilari, V., eds., 2019b. Italy on the Rimland. Storia militare di una penisola eurasiatica. Tomo II: Suez [Italy on the Rimland. Military history of a Eurasian peninsula. Volume II: Suez]. Rome: Nadir.

InfoMercatiEsteri. 2022. Cina, Rapporti con l'Italia, Scambi commerciali [China, relations with Italy, trade]. Available at:

<https://www.infomercatiesteri.it/scambi_commerciali.php?idpasi=122#www.infomercatiesteri.it> [Accessed 18 April 2022].

Kendall, T., 2006. Marco Polo, orientalism and the experience of China: Australian travel accounts of Mao's republic. Asian Studies Review, 28(4), pp.373–389.

Krauthammer, C., 1990. The unipolar moment. Foreign Affairs, 70(1), 23–33.

Mackinder, H.J., 2004. The geographical pivot of history (1904). The Geographical Journal, 170(4), pp.298–321.

Marx, K., 1979. Per la critica dell'economia politica [Critique of political economy]. Rome: Editori Riuniti.

Meining, D.W., 1956. Heartland and Rimland in Eurasian history. Political Research Quarterly, 9(3), pp.553–569.

Peiyue, L., Hui, Q., Howard, K.W.F. and Jianhua, W., 2015. Building a new and sustainable "Silk Road economic belt". Enviromental Earth Science, 74, pp.7267–7270.

Pietrobelli, C., 2011. Chinese FDI strategy in Italy: The ‘Marco Polo effect’. International Journal of Technological Learning, 4(4), pp.277–291.

Pini, S., 2022. L'auto cinese con la formula made in Italy [The Chinese car with the made in Italy formula]. Il Sole 24 Ore, [online]. 19 December. Available at:

<https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/l-auto-cinese-la-formula-made-italy-AEyy8MNC?refreshCe> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Po-chia Hsia, R., 2010. A Jesuit in the forbidden city: Matteo Ricci 1552–1610. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Polo, M., 2011. Il milione [The Travels of Marco Polo]. Milan: Rizzoli.

RaiNews, 2019. Firmato memorandum Italia-Cina a Villa Madama. Conte: "Ora costruire relazioni più efficaci" [Italy-China memorandum signed at Villa Madama. Conte: "Now we have to build more effective relationships"). RaiNews, 24 March. Available at:

<https://www.rainews.it/archivio-rainews/articoli/xi-a-villa-madama-per-firma-memorandum-italia-cina-20-milardi-potenziali-da-accordi-1c67acaa-23ab-4e82-b48a-70653df484ac.html> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Saccò, P., 2023. I magri risultati del patto Italia-Cina sulla nuova Via della Seta [The meager results of the Italy-China pact on the new Silk Road]. Avvenire, 17 February. Available at:

<https://www.avvenire.it/economia/pagine/dopo-la-pandemia-e-la-guerra-cosa-resta-della-via-della-seta> [Accessed 28 April 2023].

Sahakyan M., ed., 2023. China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London and New York: Routledge.

Schmitt, C., 2015. Land and sea: A world-historical meditation. New York: Telos.

Scott, D., 2008. The great power "great game" between India and China: "The logic of geography". Geopolitics, 13(1), pp.1–26.

Spykman, N.J., 2017. 'Heartland and Rimland', in Kasperson, R.E. and Minghi, J.V., eds., The structure of political geography. London/New York: Routledge.

Spykman, N.J., 1944. The geography of the peace. New York: Brace & Co.

Strangio, D., 2020. Italia-Cina: cinquant'anni di relazioni commerciali [Italy-China: Fifty years of trade relations]. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale website, [online] 16 December.

Available at: <https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/italia-cina-cinquantanni-di-relazioni-commerciali-28692> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Xi, J., 2017a. Full text of President Xi's speech at opening of Belt and Road forum, MFA, PRC. Available at:

<https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/201705/t20170527_678618.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Xi, J., 2017b. Full text: Xi Jinping's keynote speech at the World Economic forum. The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. Available at:

<http://www.china.org.cn/node_7247529/content_40569136.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2022].
2022].

Xi, J., 2017c. Speech by President Xi Jinping at the United Nation Office at Geneva. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Iraq. Available at: <http://iq.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zygx/201701/t20170123_2309166.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Xiangming, C. and Fazilov, F., 2018. Re-centering Central Asia: China’s “new great game” in the old Eurasian Heartland. Palgrave Communications, 4. Available at: <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0125-5> [Accessed 28 April 2023].

Xiaodong, T., Xiangxiang, L. and Haiyan, S., 2017. Healthy China 2030: A vision for health care. Value in Health Regional Issue, 12, pp.112–114.

Xinhua, 2021. Ending absolute poverty in China boosts inclusive development worldwide. [online] 24 July. Available at: <http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/24/c_1310082642.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2023].

## Czech-China Relations

Blocker, J., 1997. Chirac fails to improve Franco-Czech relations. RFE/RL Newsline, [online] 4 April. Available at: <https://www.rferl.org/a/1084262.html> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Cabada, L., 2002. Perspektivy regionu střední Evropy [Perspectives of Central European region]. Přeň: Západočeská univerzita.

Černý, P., 2009. Podle Lavrova je ČR východní Evropa [According to Lavrov, the Czech Republic is Eastern Europe]. Lidovky.cz, [online] 11 February. Available at: <https://www.lidovky.cz/svet/podle-lavrova-je-cr-vychodn-neropa.A090211_190306_In_zahranici_mel> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Červenka, J., 2012. Důvěra vybraným politikům v mezinárodním kontextu. Listopad 2012. [Trust in selected politicians in an international context. November 2012]. CVVM, [online] 7 December. Available at: <https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodni-vztahy/1464-duvera-vybranym-politikum-v-mezinarodnim-kontextu-listopad-2012> [Accessed 29 May 2023].

Červenka, J., 2019. Důvěra vybraným politikům v mezinárodním kontextu. Prosinec 2018. [Trust in selected politicians in an international context. December 2018]. CVVM, [online] 11 February. Available at: <https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodni-vztahy/4829-duvera-vybranym-politikum-v-mezinarodnim-kontextu-prosinec-2018> [Accessed 29 May 2023].

China's Embassy to Prague, 2009. Velvyslanec Čang Ţien-min představil oficiální postoj ohledně cesty předsedy Senátu Parlamentu ČR na Tchaj-wan [Ambassador Zhang Jianmin presented the official position regarding the trip of the President of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic to Taiwan]. Available at: <https://cz.china-embassy.gov.cn/cze/xwdt/202009/t20200901_2621006.htm> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

China's Embassy to Prague, 2023. Otázka Tchaj-wanu nedovoluje žádné vnější vměšování [The Taiwan issue does not allow any external interference]. Available at: <cz.china-embassy.gov.cn/cze/xwdt/202303/t20230307_11036661.htm> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČNB, 2020. Přímé zahraniční investice 2021 [Foreign direct investments 2020]. Praha: Czech Cetral Bank.

ČNB, 2021. Přímé zahraniční investice 2021 [Foreign direct investments 2021]. Praha: Czech Centrál Bank.

CRI, 2022. Čínské MZV: Otázky související s Tibetem jsou vnitřní záležitosti Číny a žádná cizí země nemá právo do nich zasahovat [Chinese Foreign Ministry: Issues related to Tibet are China's internal affairs and no foreign country has the right to interfere]. [online] 12 December. Available at: <czech.cri.cn/2022/12/12/ARTISOKWq8mnaF4J3DrdtjCO221212.shtml> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

ČTK, 2009. Dalajlama vyzval v Praze Západ k podpoře rozvoje demokracie v Číně [In Prague, the Dalai Lama called on the West to support the development of democracy in China]. [online] 11 September. Available at: <www.ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/svet/1385839-dalajlama-vyzval-v-prace-zapad-k-podpore-rozvoje-demokracie-v-cine> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2020. Pekingu se musíme postavit, vyzval v Senátu Pompeo. Čínská ambasáda výrok odsoudila [We must stand up to Beijing, Pompeo urged in the Senate. The Chinese embassy
2022].

Xi, J., 2017c. Speech by President Xi Jinping at the United Nation Office at Geneva. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Iraq. Available at: <http://iq.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zygx/201701/t20170123_2309166.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2022].

Xiangming, C. and Fazilov, F., 2018. Re-centering Central Asia: China’s “new great game” in the old Eurasian Heartland. Palgrave Communications, 4. Available at: <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0125-5> [Accessed 28 April 2023].

Xiaodong, T., Xiangxiang, L. and Haiyan, S., 2017. Healthy China 2030: A vision for health care. Value in Health Regional Issue, 12, pp.112–114.

Xinhua, 2021. Ending absolute poverty in China boosts inclusive development worldwide. [online] 24 July. Available at: <http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/24/c_1310082642.htm> [Accessed 21 December 2023].

## Czech-China Relations

Blocker, J., 1997. Chirac fails to improve Franco-Czech relations. RFE/RL Newsline, [online] 4 April. Available at: <https://www.rferl.org/a/1084262.html> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Cabada, L., 2002. Perspektivy regionu střední Evropy [Perspectives of Central European region]. Přešť: Západočeská univerzita.

Černý, P., 2009. Podle Lavrova je ČR východní Evropa [According to Lavrov, the Czech Republic is Eastern Europe]. Lidovky.cz, [online] 11 February. Available at: <https://www.lidovky.cz/svet/podle-lavrova-je-cr-vychodn-evropa.A090211_190306_In_zahranici_mel> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Červenka, J., 2012. Důvěra vybraným politikům v mezinárodním kontextu. Listopad 2012. [Trust in selected politicians in an international context. November 2012]. CVVM, [online] 7 December. Available at: <https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodnivztahy/1464-duvera-vybranym-politikum-v-mezinarodnim-kontextu-listopad-2012> [Accessed 29 May 2023].

Červenka, J., 2019. Důvěra vybraným politikům v mezinárodním kontextu. Prosinec 2018. [Trust in selected politicians in an international context. December 2018]. CVVM, [online] 11 February. Available at: <https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodnivztahy/4829-duvera-vybranym-politikum-v-mezinarodnim-kontextu-prosinec-2018> [Accessed 29 May 2023].

China's Embassy to Prague, 2009. Velvyslanec Čang Ţien-min představil oficiální postoj ohledně cesty předsedy Senátu Parlamentu ČR na Tchaj-wan [Ambassador Zhang Jianmin presented the official position regarding the trip of the President of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic to Taiwan]. Available at: <https://cz.china-embassy.gov.cn/cze/xwdt/202009/t20200901_2621006.htm> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

China's Embassy to Prague, 2023. Otázka Tchaj-wanu nedovoluje žádné vnější vměšování [The Taiwan issue does not allow any external interference]. Available at: <cz.china-embassy.gov.cn/cze/xwdt/202303/t20230307_11036661.htm> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČNB, 2020. Přímé zahraniční investice 2021 [Foreign direct investments 2020]. Praha: Czech Cetral Bank.

ČNB, 2021. Přímé zahraniční investice 2021 [Foreign direct investments 2021]. Praha: Czech Centrál Bank.

CRI, 2022. Čínské MZV: Otázky související s Tibetem jsou vnitřní záležitosti Číny a žádná cizí země nemá právo do nich zasahovat [Chinese Foreign Ministry: Issues related to Tibet are China's internal affairs and no foreign country has the right to interfere]. [online] 12 December. Available at: <czech.cri.cn/2022/12/12/ARTISOKWq8mnaF4J3DrdtjCO221212.shtml> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

ČTK, 2009. Dalajlama vyzval v Praze Západ k podpoře rozvoje demokracie v Číně [In Prague, the Dalai Lama called on the West to support the development of democracy in China]. [online] 11 September. Available at: <www.ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/svet/1385839-dalajlama-vyzval-v-praze-zapad-k-podpore-rozvoje-demokracie-v-cine> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2020. Pekingu se musíme postavit, vyzval v Senátu Pompeo. Čínská ambasáda výrok odsoudila [We must stand up to Beijing, Pompeo urged in the Senate. The Chinese embassy
condemned the statement]. [online] 12 August. Available at:
<www.ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/domaci/3159885-sef-americke-diplomacie-pompeo-se-sejde-s-babisem-i-zemanem-a-promluvi-pred-senatory> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2023. "Svobodu podporujeme kdekoliv na Zemi." Tibetskou vlajku vyvěsily Senát I sněmovna ["We support freedom anywhere on Earth." The Tibetan flag was flown by both chambers of the Parliament]. [online] 10 March. Available at: <www.novinky.cz/lanek/domaci-cesko-je-suverenni-zeme-haji-pavel-rozhovor-s-tchaj-wanem-40421636> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2009. Nejatraktivnější „off-shore“lokality jsou stále India a Čína [The most attractive "off-shore" locations are still India and China]. [online] 26 October. Available at:
<www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/404544> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2023. Šéf BIS Koudelka: Čína je hrozbou pro Evropu [The chief of Security Intelligence Service Koudelka: China is a threat for Europe]. [online] 20 February. Available at:
<www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2328625> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Ditrych, O., 2010. 'The United States in Czech foreign policy', in Kořan, M., ed., Czech foreign policy (2007–2009). Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů.

Drulák, P., 2023. O co se dnes hraje [What's at stake today]. Parlamentní listy, [online] 26 January. Available at: <www.parlamentnilisty.cz/arena/monitor/O-co-se-dnes-hraje-Cina-USA-a-evropsky-vazal-Profesor-Drulak-a-kontext-o-kterem-se-nemluvi-727335> [Accessed 29 May 2023].

E15, 2016. Nová etapa česko-amerických vztahů. Čeští politici komentují Trumpovo vítězství [A new stage in Czech-American relations. Czech politicians comment on Trump's victory].
[online] 9 November. Available at: <www.e15.cz/zahranicni/nova-etapa-cesko-americkych-vztahu-cesti-politici-komentuji-trumpovo-vitezstvi-1325137> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Fillion, S., 2023. With caution and tact: How Asian countries voted on Ukrajine at the UN. The Interpreter, [online] 9 February. Available at: <www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/caution-tact-how-asian-countries-voted-ukraine-un> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Financial Times, 2023. Czech president-elect says West must accept China is 'not friendly'.
[online] 31 March. Available at: <www.ft.com/content/df41b4a8-97f0-4e20-9ef4-4a53c0ab8f30> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Fišer, M. and Zoulová, L., 2022. Do kyberválky se zapojila i Čína [China has also joined the cyber war]. Novinky.cz, [online] 16 March. Available at: <www.novinky.cz/lanek/internet-a-pc-bezpecnost-do-kybervalky-se-zapojila-uz-i-cina-ohrozene-jsou-i-cile-v-cesku-40390616> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Fürst, R., 2005. České trápení v bilaterálních vztazích s Čínou [Czech troubles in bilateral relations with China]. Mezinárodní politika, 6/2005, pp.18–20

Fürst, R., 2011. 'Dálný východ v české zahraniční politice' [The Far East in Czech foreign policy], in Kořan, M., ed., Česká zahraniční politika v roce 2010: Analýza ÚMV. Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů, pp.260–271.

Gosling, T., 2022. Czech Republic eyes exit from China's 16+1 investment club. AlJazeera,
[online] 8 June. Available at: <www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/6/8/czech-republic-eyes-exit-from-chinas-161-investment-club> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Gruntová, K., 2023. Jasně a konkrétně. Česko poprévě označí Rusko a Čínu jako bezpečnostní hrozbu [Clearly and concretely. Czech Republic to designate Russia and China as security threat for the first time]. iRozhlas, [online] 8 April. Available at: <www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/cina-rusko-hrozba-dokument-strategie-ministerstvo-obrany-jan-jires_2304080500_gut> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Haney, J., Hey, P. and Neack, L., 1995. Foreign policy analysis: Continuity and change in its second generation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Honzejk, P., 2016. Vystresovaný Sobotka, vykutálený Babiš [Stressed Sobotka, exhausted Babiš]. Hospodářské noviny, 19 September, pp.2–3.

Hříbek, M., 2015. 'Dalai-Lamaism: An orientalist construction of postsocialist consciousness', in Cervinkova, H., Buchowski, M., and Uherek, Z., eds., Rethinking ethnography in Central Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

iDnes, 2014. Gottwald se jezdil učit do Moskvy, Zeman do Číny. Zlobí se oběti totality [Gottwald went for lessons to Moscow, Zeman to China, say annoyingly the victims of totalitarianism].
[online] 4 December. Available at: <www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/obeti-totality-se-zlobi-namilose-zemana-kvuli-cine.A141204_210816> [Accessed 29 May 2023].
condemned the statement]. [online] 12 August. Available at:
<www.ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/domaci/3159885-sef-americke-diplomacie-pompeo-se-sejde-s-babisem-i-zemanem-a-promluvi-pred-senatory> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2023. "Svobodu podporujeme kdekoliv na Zemi." Tibetskou vlajku vyvěsily Senát I sněmovna ["We support freedom anywhere on Earth." The Tibetan flag was flown by both chambers of the Parliament]. [online] 10 March. Available at: <www.novinky.cz/lanek/domaci-cesko-je-suverenni-zeme-haji-pavel-rozhovor-s-tchaj-wanem-40421636> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2009. Nejatraktivnější „off-shore“lokality jsou stále India a Čína [The most attractive "off-shore" locations are still India and China]. [online] 26 October. Available at:
<www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/404544> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

ČTK, 2023. Šéf BIS Koudelka: Čína je hrozbou pro Evropu [The chief of Security Intelligence Service Koudelka: China is a threat for Europe]. [online] 20 February. Available at:
<www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/2328625> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Ditrych, O., 2010. 'The United States in Czech foreign policy', in Kořan, M., ed., Czech foreign policy (2007–2009). Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů.

Drulák, P., 2023. O co se dnes hraje [What's at stake today]. Parlamentní listy, [online] 26 January. Available at: <www.parlamentnilisty.cz/arena/monitor/O-co-se-dnes-hraje-Cina-USA-a-evropsky-vazal-Profesor-Drulak-a-kontext-o-kterem-se-nemluvi-727335> [Accessed 29 May 2023].

E15, 2016. Nová etapa česko-amerických vztahů. Čeští politici komentují Trumpovo vítězství [A new stage in Czech-American relations. Czech politicians comment on Trump's victory].
[online] 9 November. Available at: <www.e15.cz/zahranicni/nova-etapa-cesko-americkych-vztahu-cesti-politici-komentuji-trumpovo-vitezstvi-1325137> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Fillion, S., 2023. With caution and tact: How Asian countries voted on Ukrajine at the UN. The Interpreter, [online] 9 February. Available at: <www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/caution-tact-how-asian-countries-voted-ukraine-un> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Financial Times, 2023. Czech president-elect says West must accept China is 'not friendly'.
[online] 31 March. Available at: <www.ft.com/content/df41b4a8-97f0-4e20-9ef4-4a53c0ab8f30> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Fišer, M. and Zoulová, L., 2022. Do kyberválky se zapojila i Čína [China has also joined the cyber war]. Novinky.cz, [online] 16 March. Available at: <www.novinky.cz/lanek/internet-a-pc-bezpecnost-do-kybervalky-se-zapojila-uz-i-cina-ohrozene-jsou-i-cile-v-cesku-40390616> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Fürst, R., 2005. České trápení v bilaterálních vztazích s Čínou [Czech troubles in bilateral relations with China]. Mezinárodní politika, 6/2005, pp.18–20

Fürst, R., 2011. 'Dálný východ v české zahraniční politice' [The Far East in Czech foreign policy], in Kořan, M., ed., Česká zahraniční politika v roce 2010: Analýza ÚMV. Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů, pp.260–271.

Gosling, T., 2022. Czech Republic eyes exit from China's 16+1 investment club. AlJazeera,
[online] 8 June. Available at: <www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/6/8/czech-republic-eyes-exit-from-chinas-161-investment-club> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Gruntová, K., 2023. Jasně a konkrétně. Česko poprévě označí Rusko a Čínu jako bezpečnostní hrozbu [Clearly and concretely. Czech Republic to designate Russia and China as security threat for the first time]. iRozhlas, [online] 8 April. Available at: <www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/cina-rusko-hrozba-dokument-strategie-ministerstvo-obrany-jan-jires_2304080500_gut> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Haney, J., Hey, P. and Neack, L., 1995. Foreign policy analysis: Continuity and change in its second generation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Honzejk, P., 2016. Vystresovaný Sobotka, vykutálený Babiš [Stressed Sobotka, exhausted Babiš]. Hospodářské noviny, 19 September, pp.2–3.

Hříbek, M., 2015. 'Dalai-Lamaism: An orientalist construction of postsocialist consciousness', in Cervinkova, H., Buchowski, M., and Uherek, Z., eds., Rethinking ethnography in Central Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

iDnes, 2014. Gottwald se jezdil učit do Moskvy, Zeman do Číny. Zlobí se oběti totality [Gottwald went for lessons to Moscow, Zeman to China, say annoyingly the victims of totalitarianism].
[online] 4 December. Available at: <www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/obeti-totality-se-zlobi-namilose-zemana-kvuli-cine.A141204_210816> [Accessed 29 May 2023].
iDnes, 2018. Neničte obchodní válkou světový řád, obrátil se Tusk na USA, Rusko a Čínu [Don't destroy the world order with a trade war, Tusk turned to the US, Russia and China]. [online] 16 July. Available at: <www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/donald-tusk-summit-eu-cina-svetovy-rad-obchodni-valka-usa-rusko.A180716_062513_zahranicni_hm1> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

iDnes, 2020. Čínské výhrůžky. Přimějeme Vystrčila zaplatit vysokou cenu, prohlásil ministr [Chinese threats. We will make Vystrcil pay a high price, the minister said]. [online] 31 August. Available at: <www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/milos-vystrcil-cesko-cr-cina-cesta-tchaj-wan-vyhozovani-cinske-ministerstvo-zahranici.A200831_031612_zahranicni_hm1> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

iRozhlas, 2018. S Čínou je třeba vest pragmatický dialog [We need to have a pragmatic dialogue with China]. [online] 24 February. Available at: <www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-svet/tomas-petricek-cina-milos-zeman-lidska-prava-ekonomicka-diplomacie_1811041247_och> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

iRozhlas, 2022. Prezident Zeman k útoku na Ukrajinu: Rusko se dopouští zločinu proti míru. Šílence je nutné izolovat [President Zeman on the attack on Ukraine: Russia commits a crime against peace. Madmen need to be isolated]. [online] 24 February. Available at: <www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/milos-zeman-prezident-rusko-ukrajina-valka-invaze-projev_2202241107_ako> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Kajínek, M., 2023. Šéf české tajné služby hodnotí závislost ČR na Číně jako bezpečnostní Hrozbu [Czech secret service chief assesses Czech dependence on China as security threat]. EpochTimes, [online] 20 February. Available at: <www erahtimes.cz/2023/02/20/zavislost-cr-na-cine-je-bezpecnostni-hrozba-rika-sef-ceske-tajne-sluzby/> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Karásková, I. and Blablová, V., 2021. Soumrak východních příslůbů: česká mediální debata o čínských investicích a 5G sítích [Twilight of Eastern promises: Czech media debate on Chinese investments and 5G networks]. Praha: Asociace pro mezinárodní otázky.

Karásková, I., Matura, T., Turcsányi, R.Q. and Šimalčík, M., 2018. Central Europe for sale: The politics of China's influence. Praha: AMO and National Endowment for Democracy. Klička, J., 2018. Vyšetřování šéfa CEFC. Konec pohádky o čínských miliardách? [Investigation of the head of CEFC. The end of the fairy tale of Chinese billions?]. Denik.cz, [online] 3 March. Available at: <www.denik.cz/ekonomika/profil-konec-pohadky-o-cinskych-miliardach-20180303.html> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Kopecký, J. and Wirtnitzer, J., 2012. Schwarzenberg vyčítá Nečasovi úlet. Politici se přou o "dalajlamismus" [Schwarzenberg blames Nečas for flight]. iDNES, [online] 11 September. Available at: <zpravy.idnes.cz/top-09-stoji-za-schwarzenbergovou-kritikou-necase-f7w-/domaci.aspx?c=A120911_120033传感domaci_kop> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Koutník, O., 2023. Česko přepisuje vztahy s Čínou. Pekingu se to líbit nebude [The Czech Republic is rewriting relations with China. Beijing won't like it]. Seznamzpravy.cz, [online] 25 March. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/ domaci-politika-duraz-na-lidska-prava-a-tchaj-wan-cesko-prepisuje-vztahy-s-cinou-228290> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Lopez-Ryes, R., 1999. Czech foreign policy after joining NATO. Perspectives, Review of Central European Affairs, 12, pp.31–36.

Masih, N., 2023. UN resolution to the end of Ukraine war. The Washington Post, [online] 24 February. Available at: <www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/02/24/un-ukraine-resolution-vote-countries/> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Ministerstvo vnitra, 2023. Dezinformace o Ukrajině šířené Čínou v podání Čínského rozhlasu pro zahraničí [Disinformation about Ukraine spread by China by China Radio for Foreign Affairs]. [online] 31 March. Available at: <www.mvcr.cz/chh/lanek/dezinformace-o-ukrajinesirene-cinou-v-podani-cinskeho-rozhlasu-pro-zahranici.aspx> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Musil, M., 2012. Kritikou Tibetu Nečas překročil meze. Udobřuje si Klause? [By criticising Tibet, Nečas crossed the line]. iDNES.cz, 11 September. Available at: <zpravy.idnes.cz/komentar-o-necasovi-pussy-riot-a-dalajlamovi-f3y-/domaci.aspx?c=A120911_1827294传感domaci_jw> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Neack, L., 2019. Studying foreign policy comparatively: Cases and analysis (New millennium books in International Studies). Miami, FL: Miami University.

Pick, O. and Handl, V. 2004. Zahraniční politika České republiky 1993–2004 [Foreign policy of the Czech Republic 1993–2004]. Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů.

Posen, B.R., 1984. The sources of military doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the world wars. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
iDnes, 2018. Neničte obchodní válkou světový řád, obrátil se Tusk na USA, Rusko a Čínu [Don't destroy the world order with a trade war, Tusk turned to the US, Russia and China]. [online] 16 July. Available at: <www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/donald-tusk-summit-eu-cina-svetovy-rad-obchodni-valka-usa-rusko.A180716_062513_zahranicni_hm1> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

iDnes, 2020. Čínské výhrůžky. Přimějeme Vystrčila zaplatit vysokou cenu, prohlásil ministr [Chinese threats. We will make Vystrcil pay a high price, the minister said]. [online] 31 August. Available at: <www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/milos-vystrcil-cesko-cr-cina-cesta-tchaj-wan-vyhozovani-cinske-ministerstvo-zahranici.A200831_031612_zahranicni_hm1> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

iRozhlas, 2018. S Čínou je třeba vest pragmatický dialog [We need to have a pragmatic dialogue with China]. [online] 24 February. Available at: <www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-svet/tomas-petricek-cina-milos-zeman-lidska-prava-ekonomicka-diplomacie_1811041247_och> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

iRozhlas, 2022. Prezident Zeman k útoku na Ukrajinu: Rusko se dopouští zločinu proti míru. Šílence je nutné izolovat [President Zeman on the attack on Ukraine: Russia commits a crime against peace. Madmen need to be isolated]. [online] 24 February. Available at: <www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/milos-zeman-prezident-rusko-ukrajina-valka-invaze-projev_2202241107_ako> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Kajínek, M., 2023. Šéf české tajné služby hodnotí závislost ČR na Číně jako bezpečnostní Hrozbu [Czech secret service chief assesses Czech dependence on China as security threat]. EpochTimes, [online] 20 February. Available at: <www erahtimes.cz/2023/02/20/zavislost-cr-na-cine-je-bezpecnostni-hrozba-rika-sef-ceske-tajne-sluzby/> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Karásková, I. and Blablová, V., 2021. Soumrak východních příslůb: česká mediální debata o čínských investicích a 5G sítích [Twilight of Eastern promises: Czech media debate on Chinese investments and 5G networks]. Praha: Asociace pro mezinárodní otázky.

Karásková, I., Matura, T., Turcsányi, R.Q. and Šimalčík, M., 2018. Central Europe for sale: The politics of China's influence. Praha: AMO and National Endowment for Democracy. Klička, J., 2018. Vyšetřování šéfa CEFC. Konec pohádky o čínských miliardách? [Investigation of the head of CEFC. The end of the fairy tale of Chinese billions?]. Denik.cz, [online] 3 March. Available at: <www.denik.cz/ekonomika/profil-konec-pohadky-o-cinskych-miliardach-20180303.html> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Kopecký, J. and Wirtnitzer, J., 2012. Schwarzenberg vyčítá Nečasovi úlet. Politici se přou o "dalajlamismus" [Schwarzenberg blames Nečas for flight]. iDNES, [online] 11 September. Available at: <zpravy.idnes.cz/top-09-stoji-za-schwarzenbergovou-kritikou-necase-f7w-/domaci.aspx?c=A120911_120033lwlw_jw> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Koutník, O., 2023. Česko přepisuje vztahy s Čínou. Pekingu se to líbit nebude [The Czech Republic is rewriting relations with China. Beijing won't like it]. Seznamzpravy.cz, [online] 25 March. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/ domaci-politika-duraz-na-lidska-prava-a-tchaj-wan-cesko-prepisuje-vztahy-s-cinou-228290> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Lopez-Ryes, R., 1999. Czech foreign policy after joining NATO. Perspectives, Review of Central European Affairs, 12, pp.31–36.

Masih, N., 2023. UN resolution to the end of Ukraine war. The Washington Post, [online] 24 February. Available at: <www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/02/24/un-ukraine-resolution-vote-countries/> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

Ministerstvo vnitra, 2023. Dezinformace o Ukrajině šířené Čínou v podání Čínského rozhlasu pro zahraničí [Disinformation about Ukraine spread by China by China Radio for Foreign Affairs]. [online] 31 March. Available at: <www.mvcr.cz/chh/lanek/dezinformace-o-ukrajinesirene-cinou-v-podani-cinskeho-rozhlasu-pro-zahranici.aspx> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Musil, M., 2012. Kritikou Tibetu Nečas překročil meze. Udobřuje si Klause? [By criticising Tibet, Nečas crossed the line]. iDNES.cz, 11 September. Available at: <zpravy.idnes.cz/komentar-onecasovi-pussy-riot-a-dalajlamovi-f3y-/domaci.aspx?c=A120911_1827294lwlw_jw> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Neack, L., 2019. Studying foreign policy comparatively: Cases and analysis (New millennium books in International Studies). Miami, FL: Miami University.

Pick, O. and Handl, V. 2004. Zahraniční politika České republiky 1993–2004 [Foreign policy of the Czech Republic 1993–2004]. Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů.

Posen, B.R., 1984. The sources of military doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the world wars. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
President of the CR, 2016. Společné prohlášení nejvyšších ústavních činitelů [Joint statement of the highest constitutional officials]. Available at: <www.hrad.cz/cs/pro-media/tiskove-zpravy/aktualni-tiskove-zpravy/spolecne-prohlaseni-nejvyssich-ustavnich-cinitelu-ceske-republiky-12953> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Rabušic, L. 2001. České hodnoty 1991–1999 [Czech values 1991–1999]. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.

Sahakyan, M., ed., 2023. China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.

Security Information Service, 2019. Annual Report for 2019. [online]. Available at: <www.bis.cz/annual-reports/> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Spurný, M., 2023. Security threats for the Czech Republic in view of public - November and December 2022. CVVM, [online] 2 February. Available at: <cvvm.soc.cas.cz/en/press-releases/other/security-negative-phenomena/5638-security-threats-for-the-czech-republic-in-view-of-public-november-and-december-2022> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Trousilová, A., 2019. Nová hedvábná stezka v Česku končí. Nebyl zájem, přiznává exministr [The New Silk Road is coming to an end in the Czech Republic. There was no interest, admits ex-minister]. Seznam Zprávy, [online] 10 September. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/cinsky-projekt-byvaleho-ministra-konci-exministr-priznanezajem-78639> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Trousilová, A., 2023a. Pavel přijímá gratulace ze světa. Volat si bude se Zelenským i s Tchaj-wanem [Pavel receives congratulations from the world. He will talk to Zelensky and Taiwan]. Seznam Zprávy, [online] 28 January. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/volby-prezidentske-pavel-prijima-gratulace-ze-sveta-volat-si-bude-se-zelenskym-i-s-tchaj-wanem-224596> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Trousilová, A., 2023b. Česko přepisuje vztahy s Čínou. Pekingu se to líbit nebude [The Czech Republic is rewriting relations with China. Beijing won't like it]. Seznam Zprávy, [online] 25 March. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/domaci-politika-duraz-na-lidska-prava-atchaj-wan-cesko-prepisuje-vztahy-s-cinou-228290> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Vališ, Z., 2009. České firmy hledají spásu v Asii [Czech companies are looking for salvation in Asia]. Radio Prague International, [online] 6 March. Available at: <cesky.radi.cz/ceske-firmy-hledaji-spasu-v-asii-8586832> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Vinocur, J., 2009. Central and Eastern European Countries. New York Times, [online] 31 March. Available at: <www.nytimes.com/2009/07/21/world/europe/21iht-politicus.html> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

von der Leyen, U., 2023. Speech by the President on EU-China relations. [online] Available at: <ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_2063> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Waisová, Š., 2007. 'Between Atlanticism, Anti-Americanism and Europeanization. Dilemmas in Czech foreign policy and the war on terrorism', in Miller, M.J. and Stefanova, B. eds., The war on terrorism in comparative perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.191–204.

Waisová, Š., 2012. The burden of choice. Czech foreign policy between principles and interests. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Waisová, Š. and L. Piknerová, 2012. Twenty years after: Dissident tradition in Czech foreign policy matters. East European Politics and Societies, 26 (1), pp.162–188.

## Analysing Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between China and Serbia

Al Jazeera, 2022. Serbia shows off China missiles amid build-up concerns in Balkans. [online] 30 April. Available at: <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/30/serbia-shows-off-china-missiles-amid-build-up-concerns-in-balkans> [Accessed 6 June 2023].

Beta, 2022. Budžeti ministarstava vojske, policije i finansija veći u 2023. godini [Budgets of the MoD, Ministry of Interior, and Ministry of Finances to increase in 2023], Danas [online] 18 November. Available at: <https://www.danas.rs/vesti/ekonomija/budzeti-ministarstava-vojske-policije-i-finansija-veci-u-2023-godini> [Accessed 9 April 2023].

Bloomberg, 2023. Kina u EU vozi brzim vozom kroz Srbiju [Through high-speed railway to the EU through Serbia]. Available at: <https://rs.bloombergadria.com/ekonomija/srbija/27700/brza-
President of the CR, 2016. Společné prohlášení nejvyšších ústavních činitelů [Joint statement of the highest constitutional officials]. Available at: <www.hrad.cz/cs/pro-media/tiskove-zpravy/aktualni-tiskove-zpravy/spolecne-prohlaseni-nejvyssich-ustavnich-cinitelu-ceske-republiky-12953> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Rabušic, L. 2001. České hodnoty 1991–1999 [Czech values 1991–1999]. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.

Sahakyan, M., ed., 2023. China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.

Security Information Service, 2019. Annual Report for 2019. [online]. Available at: <www.bis.cz/annual-reports/> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Spurný, M., 2023. Security threats for the Czech Republic in view of public - November and December 2022. CVVM, [online] 2 February. Available at: <cvvm.soc.cas.cz/en/press-releases/other/security-negative-phenomena/5638-security-threats-for-the-czech-republic-in-view-of-public-november-and-december-2022> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Trousilová, A., 2019. Nová hedvábná stezka v Česku končí. Nebyl zájem, přiznává exministr [The New Silk Road is coming to an end in the Czech Republic. There was no interest, admits ex-minister]. Seznam Zprávy, [online] 10 September. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/cinsky-projekt-byvaleho-ministra-konci-exministr-priznanezajem-78639> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Trousilová, A., 2023a. Pavel přijímá gratulace ze světa. Volat si bude se Zelenským i s Tchaj-wanem [Pavel receives congratulations from the world. He will talk to Zelensky and Taiwan]. Seznam Zprávy, [online] 28 January. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/volby-prezidentske-pavel-prijima-gratulace-ze-sveta-volat-si-bude-se-zelenskym-i-s-tchaj-wanem-224596> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Trousilová, A., 2023b. Česko přepisuje vztahy s Čínou. Pekingu se to líbit nebude [The Czech Republic is rewriting relations with China. Beijing won't like it]. Seznam Zprávy, [online] 25 March. Available at: <www.seznamzpravy.cz/lanek/domaci-politika-duraz-na-lidska-prava-atachaj-wan-cesko-prepisuje-vztahy-s-cinou-228290> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Vališ, Z., 2009. České firmy hledají spásu v Asii [Czech companies are looking for salvation in Asia]. Radio Prague International, [online] 6 March. Available at: <cesky.radi.cz/ceske-firmy-hledaji-spasu-v-asii-8586832> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Vinocur, J., 2009. Central and Eastern European Countries. New York Times, [online] 31 March. Available at: <www.nytimes.com/2009/07/21/world/europe/21iht-politicus.html> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

von der Leyen, U., 2023. Speech by the President on EU-China relations. [online] Available at: <ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_2063> [Accessed 24 April 2023].

Waisová, Š., 2007. 'Between Atlanticism, Anti-Americanism and Europeanization. Dilemmas in Czech foreign policy and the war on terrorism', in Miller, M.J. and Stefanova, B. eds., The war on terrorism in comparative perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.191–204.

Waisová, Š., 2012. The burden of choice. Czech foreign policy between principles and interests. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Waisová, Š. and L. Piknerová, 2012. Twenty years after: Dissident tradition in Czech foreign policy matters. East European Politics and Societies, 26 (1), pp.162–188.

## Analysing Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between China and Serbia

Al Jazeera, 2022. Serbia shows off China missiles amid build-up concerns in Balkans. [online] 30 April. Available at: <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/30/serbia-shows-off-china-missiles-amid-build-up-concerns-in-balkans> [Accessed 6 June 2023].

Beta, 2022. Budžeti ministarstava vojske, policije i finansija veći u 2023. godini [Budgets of the MoD, Ministry of Interior, and Ministry of Finances to increase in 2023], Danas [online] 18 November. Available at: <https://www.danas.rs/vesti/ekonomija/budzeti-ministarstava-vojske-policije-i-finansija-veci-u-2023-godini> [Accessed 9 April 2023].

Bloomberg, 2023. Kina u EU vozi brzim vozom kroz Srbiju [Through high-speed railway to the EU through Serbia]. Available at: <https://rs.bloombergadria.com/ekonomija/srbija/27700/brza-
pruga-beograd-budimpesta/news> [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Božić-Miljković, I., 2021. Geoeconomic aspects of the cooperation between the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China: Situation and perspectives. Sociološki pregled, 55(2), pp.314–351.

Bueno de Mesquita, B., 1975. Measuring systemic polarity. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 19(2), pp.187–216.

Chen, B., 2020. Ambasadorka Čen Bo: kineski kulturni centar pri kraju [Ambassador Chen Bo: Chinese cultural centre near its opening]. [online] 3 August. Available at: <https://www.danas.rs/vesti/drustvo/ambasadorka-cen-bo-kineski-kulturni-centar-pri-kraju-foto> [Accessed 20 April 2023].

Đorđević, B. and Stekić, N., 2022. 'Beyond China's grand strategy cultivation: Connectivity as neglected variable', in: Liu, Z. and Đorđević, B., eds., The connectivity cooperation between China and Europe – A multi-dimensional analysis. London: Routledge, pp.51–71.

Drezner, D.W. and McNamara, K., 2013. International political economy, global financial orders and the 2008 financial crisis. Perspectives on Politics, 11(1), pp.155–166.

Durić, M., 2020. Đurić - Srbija i Kina zajedno u borbi protiv pandemije [Đurić: Serbia and China together against the pandemic].RTV, [online] 8 April. Available at: <https://rtv.rs/sr_lat/politika/djuric-srbija-i-kina-zajedno-u-borbi-protiv-pandemije_1111878.html> [Accessed on March 12, 2023].

Germain, R., 2009. Financial order and world politics: Crisis, change and continuity. International Affairs, 85(4), pp.669–687.

Goh, E., 2016. Southeast Asian strategies toward the great powers: Still hedging after all these years? The Asan Forum, [online] 22 February. Available at: <https://theasanforum.org/southeast-asian-strategies-toward-the-great-powers-still-hedging-after-all-these-years/#4> [Accessed 2 March 2023].

Grevi, G., 2009. The interpolar world: A new scenario. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.

Heiduk, F., 2022. Security in the Indo-Pacific: The asianisation of the regional security architecture, Berlin: SWP.

Ivanović, V. and Zakić, K., 2023. Belt and Road investments in Serbia: Is China a new saviour or a new threat? Medjunarodni problemi, 75(1), pp.65–92.

Kindleberger, C., 1973. The world in depression, 1929–1939. Oakland: University of California Press.

Krstinovska, A. and Demjaha, A., 2022. Will China challenge the US on the Kosovo issue? Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/will-china-challenge-the-us-on-the-kosovo-issue> [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Lađevac, I. and Stekić, N., 2021. Assessing the political risks in Eurasia in the wake of the Fifth China's "Grand Strategy". The Review of International Affairs, 72(3), pp.47–66.

MFA, PRC, 2020. Foreign ministry spokesperson Geng Shuang's regular press conference. 17 March. Available at: <https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/202003/t20200317_693136.html> [Accessed 15 April 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2021. Prime Minister Brnabic of Serbia meets with Wang Yi. [online] 28 October. Available at:

<https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648/202110/t20211028_10348733.shtml> [Accessed 15 March 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2022. Xi Jinping meets with Serbian president Vucic. [online] Available at: <https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648/202202/t20220205_10639194.shtml> [Accessed 7 April 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2023a. Related news on cooperation with Serbia [Xiang guan xinwen saierweiya]. Available at:

<https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648> [Accessed 2 April 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2023b. Relations between China and Serbia [Chinese language version of the website]. Available at:

<https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/sbgx_679646> [Accessed 12 March 2023].
pruga-beograd-budimpesta/news> [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Božić-Miljković, I., 2021. Geoeconomic aspects of the cooperation between the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China: Situation and perspectives. Sociološki pregled, 55(2), pp.314–351.

Bueno de Mesquita, B., 1975. Measuring systemic polarity. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 19(2), pp.187–216.

Chen, B., 2020. Ambasadorka Čen Bo: kineski kulturni centar pri kraju [Ambassador Chen Bo: Chinese cultural centre near its opening]. [online] 3 August. Available at: <https://www.danas.rs/vesti/drustvo/ambasadorka-cen-bo-kineski-kulturni-centar-pri-kraju-foto> [Accessed 20 April 2023].

Đorđević, B. and Stekić, N., 2022. 'Beyond China's grand strategy cultivation: Connectivity as neglected variable', in: Liu, Z. and Đorđević, B., eds., The connectivity cooperation between China and Europe – A multi-dimensional analysis. London: Routledge, pp.51–71.

Drezner, D.W. and McNamara, K., 2013. International political economy, global financial orders and the 2008 financial crisis. Perspectives on Politics, 11(1), pp.155–166.

Durić, M., 2020. Đurić - Srbija i Kina zajedno u borbi protiv pandemije [Đurić: Serbia and China together against the pandemic].RTV, [online] 8 April. Available at: <https://rtv.rs/sr_lat/politika/djuric-srbija-i-kina-zajedno-u-borbi-protiv-pandemije_1111878.html> [Accessed on March 12, 2023].

Germain, R., 2009. Financial order and world politics: Crisis, change and continuity. International Affairs, 85(4), pp.669–687.

Goh, E., 2016. Southeast Asian strategies toward the great powers: Still hedging after all these years? The Asan Forum, [online] 22 February. Available at: <https://theasanforum.org/southeast-asian-strategies-toward-the-great-powers-still-hedging-after-all-these-years/#4> [Accessed 2 March 2023].

Grevi, G., 2009. The interpolar world: A new scenario. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.

Heiduk, F., 2022. Security in the Indo-Pacific: The asianisation of the regional security architecture, Berlin: SWP.

Ivanović, V. and Zakić, K., 2023. Belt and Road investments in Serbia: Is China a new saviour or a new threat? Medjunarodni problemi, 75(1), pp.65–92.

Kindleberger, C., 1973. The world in depression, 1929–1939. Oakland: University of California Press.

Krstinovska, A. and Demjaha, A., 2022. Will China challenge the US on the Kosovo issue? Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/will-china-challenge-the-us-on-the-kosovo-issue> [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Lađevac, I. and Stekić, N., 2021. Assessing the political risks in Eurasia in the wake of the Fifth China's "Grand Strategy". The Review of International Affairs, 72(3), pp.47–66.

MFA, PRC, 2020. Foreign ministry spokesperson Geng Shuang's regular press conference. 17 March. Available at: <https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/202003/t20200317_693136.html> [Accessed 15 April 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2021. Prime Minister Brnabic of Serbia meets with Wang Yi. [online] 28 October. Available at:

<https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648/202110/t20211028_10348733.shtml> [Accessed 15 March 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2022. Xi Jinping meets with Serbian president Vucic. [online] Available at: <https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648/202202/t20220205_10639194.shtml> [Accessed 7 April 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2023a. Related news on cooperation with Serbia [Xiang guan xinwen saierweiya]. Available at:

<https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648> [Accessed 2 April 2023].

MFA, PRC, 2023b. Relations between China and Serbia [Chinese language version of the website]. Available at:

<https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/sbgx_679646> [Accessed 12 March 2023].
Midlarsky, M.I. and Hopf, T., 1993. Polarity and international stability. American Political Science Review, 87(1), pp.173–180.

Patman, R.G., 2006. Globalisation, the new US exceptionalism and the war on terror. Third World Quarterly, 27(6), pp.963–986.

Pavlićević, D., 2019. Structural power and the China-EU-Western Balkans triangular relations. Asia Europe Journal, 17(1), pp.453–468.

Politika, 2021. Čelično prijateljstvo i strateško partnerstvo Srbije i Kine [Ironclad strategic friendship between Serbia and China]. [online] 28 October. Available at: <https://www.politika.rs/sr/planak/490767/Celicno-prijateljstvo-i-stratesko-partnerstvo-Srbije-i-Kine> [Accessed 2 March 2023].

Pye, L.W., 1992. The spirit of Chinese politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Qin, G., 2023. Jointly building the international organisation for mediation. MFA, PRC. Available at: <https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/2461_663310/202302/t20230216_11025999.html> [Accessed 14 April 2023].

Radio Slobodna Evropa, 2022. Vučić izjavio da je kupovina kineskog naoružanja 'legitimna'. [online] 13 April. Available at: <https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/vucic-kina-naoruzanje/31801388.html> [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Rothstein, R.L., 1968. Alliances and small powers. New York: Columbia University Press.

RTS, 2009. Četiri stuba srpske spoljne politike [Four pillars of Serbia's foreign policy]. [online] 30 August. Available at: <https://www.rts.rs/lat/vesti/politika/123741/cetiri-stuba-srpske-spoljne-politike.html> [Accessed 13 May 2023].

RTS, 2023. Momirović u Pekingu: Ekonomski odnosi Srbije i Kine na visokom nivou [Momirović in Beijing: Trade relations between Serbia and China at high level]. [online] 12 April. Available at: <https://www.rts.rs/lat/vesti/ekonomija/5171143/momirovic-u-pekingu-ekonomski-odnosi-srbije-i-kine-na-visokom-nivou.html> [Accessed 11 May 2023].

RTV, 2020. Vest o dočeku lekara iz Kine imala 1,1 milijardi pregleda [The news about welcoming medical team from China had 1.1 billion views]. [online] 23 March. Available at: <https://www.rtv.rs/sr_lat/drustvo/vest-o-doceku-lekara-iz-kine-imala-1-1-milijardi-pregleda-(video)_1105629.html> [Accessed 12 June 2023].

Sahakyan, M., 2021. 'The Sino-Russian tandem in Eurasia and the changing world order: The dawn of the EAEU and the BRI's complementary cooperation and development', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia: Rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.77–98.

Schweller, R.L., 2010. Entropy and the trajectory of world politics: Why polarity has become less meaningful. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 23(1), pp.145–163.

Serbian Statistical Office, 2022. Economic trends in the Republic of Serbia in 2022.

Radio Slobodna Evropa, 2020. Otvorena još jedna srpsko-kineska laboratorija za testiranje na korunu [Another Sino-Serbian antigen-testing laboratory opened]. [online] 30 July. Available at: <https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/srbija-kina-laboratorija-nis/30757311.html> [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Stekić, N., 2022. Are the hawks watching closely? Reports on China's military power for the US Congress, 2001–2021. The Review of International Affairs, 73(3), pp.33–60.

Stekić, N. and Obradović, Ž., 2019. 'Velika strategija Narodne Republike Kine kao činilac konvergencije bezbednosnih politika u Aziji' [The grand strategy of the People's Republic of China as a factor in the convergence of security policies in Asia], in Proroković, D. and Jović-Lazić, A. eds., Integracioni procesi u Evroaziji. Belgrade: Institute of International Politics and Economics, pp.45–64.

Vučić, A., 2023. Srbiji bi vise odgovarao multipolarni svet [Serbia would prefer a multipolar world]. [online] 6 April. Available at: <https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/politika/1224713/srbiji-vise-odgovarao-multipolarni-svet-vucic-amerika-sme-pusti-ukrajina-izgubi-kina-sme-dozvoli-rusija-izgubi> [Accessed 3 April 2023].

Vukićević, B., 2021. 'China in the Western Balkans: A new player in the strategic game', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia: Rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.123–144.

Wang, Y., 2021. To uphold and develop China-Serbia friendship is to stand on the right side of history. [online] 28 October. Available at: <https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648/202110/t20211028_10349128.shtml> [Accessed 26 March 2023].
Midlarsky, M.I. and Hopf, T., 1993. Polarity and international stability. American Political Science Review, 87(1), pp.173–180.

Patman, R.G., 2006. Globalisation, the new US exceptionalism and the war on terror. Third World Quarterly, 27(6), pp.963–986.

Pavlićević, D., 2019. Structural power and the China-EU-Western Balkans triangular relations. Asia Europe Journal, 17(1), pp.453–468.

Politika, 2021. Čelično prijateljstvo i strateško partnerstvo Srbije i Kine [Ironclad strategic friendship between Serbia and China]. [online] 28 October. Available at: <https://www.politika.rs/sr/planak/490767/Celicno-prijateljstvo-i-stratesko-partnerstvo-Srbije-i-Kine> [Accessed 2 March 2023].

Pye, L.W., 1992. The spirit of Chinese politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Qin, G., 2023. Jointly building the international organisation for mediation. MFA, PRC. Available at: <https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/2461_663310/202302/t20230216_11025999.html> [Accessed 14 April 2023].

Radio Slobodna Evropa, 2022. Vučić izjavio da je kupovina kineskog naoružanja 'legitimna'. [online] 13 April. Available at: <https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/vucic-kina-naoruzanje/31801388.html> [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Rothstein, R.L., 1968. Alliances and small powers. New York: Columbia University Press.

RTS, 2009. Četiri stuba srpske spoljne politike [Four pillars of Serbia's foreign policy]. [online] 30 August. Available at: <https://www.rts.rs/lat/vesti/politika/123741/cetiri-stuba-srpske-spoljne-politike.html> [Accessed 13 May 2023].

RTS, 2023. Momirović u Pekingu: Ekonomski odnosi Srbije i Kine na visokom nivou [Momirović in Beijing: Trade relations between Serbia and China at high level]. [online] 12 April. Available at: <https://www.rts.rs/lat/vesti/ekonomija/5171143/momirovic-u-pekingu-ekonomski-odnosi-srbije-i-kine-na-visokom-nivou.html> [Accessed 11 May 2023].

RTV, 2020. Vest o dočeku lekara iz Kine imala 1,1 milijardi pregleda [The news about welcoming medical team from China had 1.1 billion views]. [online] 23 March. Available at: <https://www.rtv.rs/sr_lat/drustvo/vest-o-doceku-lekara-iz-kine-imala-1-1-milijardi-pregleda-(video)_1105629.html> [Accessed 12 June 2023].

Sahakyan, M., 2021. 'The Sino-Russian tandem in Eurasia and the changing world order: The dawn of the EAEU and the BRI's complementary cooperation and development', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia: Rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.77–98.

Schweller, R.L., 2010. Entropy and the trajectory of world politics: Why polarity has become less meaningful. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 23(1), pp.145–163.

Serbian Statistical Office, 2022. Economic trends in the Republic of Serbia in 2022.

Radio Slobodna Evropa, 2020. Otvorena još jedna srpsko-kineska laboratorija za testiranje na korunu [Another Sino-Serbian antigen-testing laboratory opened]. [online] 30 July. Available at: <https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/srbija-kina-laboratorija-nis/30757311.html> [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Stekić, N., 2022. Are the hawks watching closely? Reports on China's military power for the US Congress, 2001–2021. The Review of International Affairs, 73(3), pp.33–60.

Stekić, N. and Obradović, Ž., 2019. 'Velika strategija Narodne Republike Kine kao činilac konvergencije bezbednosnih politika u Aziji' [The grand strategy of the People's Republic of China as a factor in the convergence of security policies in Asia], in Proroković, D. and Jović-Lazić, A. eds., Integracioni procesi u Evroaziji. Belgrade: Institute of International Politics and Economics, pp.45–64.

Vučić, A., 2023. Srbiji bi vise odgovarao multipolarni svet [Serbia would prefer a multipolar world]. [online] 6 April. Available at: <https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/politika/1224713/srbiji-vise-odgovarao-multipolarni-svet-vucic-amerika-sme-pusti-ukrajina-izgubi-kina-sme-dozvoli-rusija-izgubi> [Accessed 3 April 2023].

Vukićević, B., 2021. 'China in the Western Balkans: A new player in the strategic game', in Sahakyan, M. and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia: Rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. Abingdon/New York: Routledge, pp.123–144.

Wang, Y., 2021. To uphold and develop China-Serbia friendship is to stand on the right side of history. [online] 28 October. Available at: <https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/xgxw_679648/202110/t20211028_10349128.shtml> [Accessed 26 March 2023].
Xi, J., 2023. Xi Jinping sees irreversible shift to multipolar world. Available at: <https://www.globalvillagespace.com/xi-jinping-sees-irreversible-shift-to-multipolar-world> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

## Poland-China Relations

Baran, J., 2022. Polski eksport do Chin – nie w pełni wykorzystany potencjał [Polish export to China – potential not fully exploited]. Obserwator Finansowy, [online] 25 February. Available at: <https://www.obserwatorfinansowy.pl/bez-kategorii/rotator/polski-eksport-do-chin-nie-w-pelni-wykorzystany-potencjal/> [Accessed 14 April 2023].

Burdelski, M., 2011. 60 years of diplomatic relation between Poland and the People's Republic of China: Historical review. Polish Political Science, XL(2011), pp.211–237.

Business Insider, 2017. Polacy pokochali AliExpress [Poles have loved AliExpress]. [online] 20 December. Available at: <https://businessinsider.com/pl/finanse/handel/ilu-polakow-korzysta-z-aliexpress/pqtzsb1> [Accessed 21 April 2023].

Czubiński, R., 2017. Nowy Jedwabny Szlak: Łódzkie w awangardzie [New Silk Road: Lodzkie region in the avantgarde]. Rynek Kolejowy, [online] 28 March. Available at: <https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/mobile/nowy-jedwabny-szlak-lodzkie-w-awangardzie-80983.html> [Accessed 8 April 2023].

FMPRC, 2023. Forging ahead to open a new chapter of China-Russia friendship, cooperation and common development. [online] 20 March. Available at: <https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/202303/t20230320_11044359.html> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

GAC, PRC, 2022. (2)2022 Nian 12 yue jin chukou shangpin guo bie (diqu) zong zhi biao (meiyuan zhi) [(2) December 2022 import and export commodity country (region) total value table (dollar value)]. Available at: <http://fuzhou.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/zfxxgk/2799825/302274/302277/302276/4807727/index.html> [Accessed 22 June 2023].

GJB, 2022. Marketplace'y 2022: liderzy e-commerce [Marketplaces 2022: Leaders of e-commerce]. [pdf] Available at: <https://gs1pl.org/app/uploads/2022/08/raport_marketplace.pdf> [Accessed 26 April 2023].

Global Times, 2021. China-EU CAI a best choice that benefits both sides: Poland FM. [online] 30 May. Available at: <https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202105/1224841.shtml> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

Gospodarka Morska, 2020. Z pokładu Chipolbrok Galaxy na jedną z największych farm wiatrowych w Polsce. Widowiskowy rozladunek w Porcie Gdynia [From the deck of Chipolbrok Galaxy to one of the largest wind farms in Poland]. [online] 28 July. Available at: <https://www.gospodarkamorska.pl/z-pokladu-chipolbrok-galaxy-na-najwieksza-farmewiatrowa-w-polsce-widowiskowy-rozladunek-w-gdynskim-porcie-foto-wideo-52154> [Accessed 10 April 2023].

Grzegorzewski, F., 2003. Stosunki polsko-chińskie po 1989 r [Sino-Polish relations after 1989]. Azja-Pacyfik, 6, pp.135–157.

Jakóbik, W., 2017. Jakóbik: Macierewicz wypisuje Polskę z Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku. W tle gra służb [Jakóbik: Macierewicz writes Poland out of the New Silk Road. Service plays in the background]. Biznes Alert, [online] 5 January. Available at: <https://biznesalert.pl/jakobik-macierewicz-wypisuje-polske-z-nowego-jedwabnego-szlaku-w-tle-gra-sluzb/> [Accessed 29 April 2023].

Kaczmarski, M., 2015. Chiny – Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia: „16+1” widziane z Pekinu [China – Central and Eastern Europe: “16+1” seen from Beijing]. OSW, [online] 14 April. Available at: <https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/komentarze-osw/2015-04-14/chiny-europa-srodkowowschodnia-161-widziane-z-pekinu> [Accessed 5 April 2023].

Lasoń, M., 2018. Miejsce Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w polityce zagranicznej Polski w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. [The place of the PRC in Polish foreign policy in the second decade of the 21st century]. Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe, XV(2), pp.37–50.

Madrjas, J., 2022. Gigaterminal w Małaszewiczach bez pieniędzy unijnych. Inwestycję przejmie PLK [Gigaterminal in Małaszewicze without EU funds. The investment will be taken over by
Xi, J., 2023. Xi Jinping sees irreversible shift to multipolar world. Available at: <https://www.globalvillagespace.com/xi-jinping-sees-irreversible-shift-to-multipolar-world> [Accessed 25 May 2023].

## Poland-China Relations

Baran, J., 2022. Polski eksport do Chin – nie w pełni wykorzystany potencjał [Polish export to China – potential not fully exploited]. Obserwator Finansowy, [online] 25 February. Available at: <https://www.obserwatorfinansowy.pl/bez-kategorii/rotator/polski-eksport-do-chin-nie-w-pelni-wykorzystany-potencjal/> [Accessed 14 April 2023].

Burdelski, M., 2011. 60 years of diplomatic relation between Poland and the People's Republic of China: Historical review. Polish Political Science, XL(2011), pp.211–237.

Business Insider, 2017. Polacy pokochali AliExpress [Poles have loved AliExpress]. [online] 20 December. Available at: <https://businessinsider.com/pl/finanse/handel/ilu-polakow-korzysta-z-aliexpress/pqtzsb1> [Accessed 21 April 2023].

Czubiński, R., 2017. Nowy Jedwabny Szlak: Łódzkie w awangardzie [New Silk Road: Lodzkie region in the avantgarde]. Rynek Kolejowy, [online] 28 March. Available at: <https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/mobile/nowy-jedwabny-szlak-lodzkie-w-awangardzie-80983.html> [Accessed 8 April 2023].

FMPRC, 2023. Forging ahead to open a new chapter of China-Russia friendship, cooperation and common development. [online] 20 March. Available at: <https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/202303/t20230320_11044359.html> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

GAC, PRC, 2022. (2)2022 Nian 12 yue jin chukou shangpin guo bie (diqu) zong zhi biao (meiyuan zhi) [(2) December 2022 import and export commodity country (region) total value table (dollar value)]. Available at: <http://fuzhou.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/zfxxgk/2799825/302274/302277/302276/4807727/index.html> [Accessed 22 June 2023].

GJB, 2022. Marketplace'y 2022: liderzy e-commerce [Marketplaces 2022: Leaders of e-commerce]. [pdf] Available at: <https://gs1pl.org/app/uploads/2022/08/raport_marketplace.pdf> [Accessed 26 April 2023].

Global Times, 2021. China-EU CAI a best choice that benefits both sides: Poland FM. [online] 30 May. Available at: <https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202105/1224841.shtml> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

Gospodarka Morska, 2020. Z pokładu Chipolbrok Galaxy na jedną z największych farm wiatrowych w Polsce. Widowiskowy rozladunek w Porcie Gdynia [From the deck of Chipolbrok Galaxy to one of the largest wind farms in Poland]. [online] 28 July. Available at: <https://www.gospodarkamorska.pl/z-pokladu-chipolbrok-galaxy-na-najwieksza-farmewiatrowa-w-polsce-widowiskowy-rozladunek-w-gdynskim-porcie-foto-wideo-52154> [Accessed 10 April 2023].

Grzegorzewski, F., 2003. Stosunki polsko-chińskie po 1989 r [Sino-Polish relations after 1989]. Azja-Pacyfik, 6, pp.135–157.

Jakóbik, W., 2017. Jakóbik: Macierewicz wypisuje Polskę z Nowego Jedwabnego Szlaku. W tle gra służb [Jakóbik: Macierewicz writes Poland out of the New Silk Road. Service plays in the background]. Biznes Alert, [online] 5 January. Available at: <https://biznesalert.pl/jakobik-macierewicz-wypisuje-polske-z-nowego-jedwabnego-szlaku-w-tle-gra-sluzb/> [Accessed 29 April 2023].

Kaczmarski, M., 2015. Chiny – Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia: „16+1” widziane z Pekinu [China – Central and Eastern Europe: “16+1” seen from Beijing]. OSW, [online] 14 April. Available at: <https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/komentarze-osw/2015-04-14/chiny-europa-srodkowowschodnia-161-widziane-z-pekinu> [Accessed 5 April 2023].

Lasoń, M., 2018. Miejsce Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w polityce zagranicznej Polski w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. [The place of the PRC in Polish foreign policy in the second decade of the 21st century]. Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe, XV(2), pp.37–50.

Madrjas, J., 2022. Gigaterminal w Małaszewiczach bez pieniędzy unijnych. Inwestycję przejmie PLK [Gigaterminal in Małaszewicze without EU funds. The investment will be taken over by
PLK). Rynek Infrastruktury, [online] 29 June. Available at: <https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/drogi-i-autostrady/gigaterminal-w-malaszewiczach-bez-pieniedzy-unijnych-inwestycje-przejmie-plk-81973.html> [Accessed 29 April 2023].

Milenkovic, A., 2022. Smoothing the wheels of commerce: Poland-China trade at record levels. CGTN, [online] 22 October. Available at: <https://newseu.cgtn.com/news/2022-10-22/Smoothing-the-wheels-of-commerce-Poland-China-trade-at-record-levels-1ejuYKVuCfC/index.html> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

Onet, 2014. Powstał Sekretariat 16 państw Europy i Chin ds. Inwestycji. [The Investment Secretariat of 16+1 was established]. [online] 19 November. Available at: <https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/powstal-sekretariat-16-panstw-europy-i-chin-dsinwestycji/mej7p> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Osiecki, A., 2022. Rekordowe obroty w handlu Polski z Chinami [Record turnover in Poland's trade with China]. Firma, [online] 27 January. Available at: <https://firma.rp.pl/chiny/art19330951-rekordowe-obroty-w-handlu-polski-z-chinami-eksport-deficyt-handlowy-Polska-Chiny> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

PAIH, 2018. PAIH otwiera biuro na Nowym Jedwabnym Szlaku. [online] 22 November. Available at:

<https://www.paih.gov.pl/20181122/paih_otwiera_biuro_na_nowym_jedwabnym_szlaku> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

Paszak, P., 2021. Poland-China relations in 2021: Current state and prospects. Warsaw Institute, [online] 29 January. Available at: <https://warsawinstitute.org/poland-china-relations-2021-current-state-prospects/> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

President of Poland, 2004. Wizyta oficjalna Przewodniczącego Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej z Małzonką [Official visit of the President of the PRC and his wife]. Available at: <https://www.prezydent.pl/archiwalne-aktualnosci/aktualnosci-rok-2004/wizyta-oficjalna-przewodniczacego-chinskiej-republiki-ludowej-z-malzonka,29615,archive> [Accessed 8 April 2023].

Przychodniak, 2021. A strategic partner of China or United States accomplice? Poland in the view of Chinese authorities and experts. PISM, [pdf] Available at: <https://www.pism.pl/publikacje/Strategiczny_partner_Chin_czy_wspolnik_USA_Polska_w_retryce_wladz_i_srodowisk_eksperckich_ChRL_> [Accessed 27 April 2023].

Ptak, A. and Pawlak, J., 2021. Polish trial begins in Huawei-linked China espionage case.

Reuters, [online] 1 June. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/world/china/polish-trial-begins-huawei-linked-china-espionage-case-2021-05-31/> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

Pyffel, R., 2012. Strategiczne partnerstwo z Chinami - Wielki test czy państwo zda egzamin [Strategic partnership with China - A great test of whether the country would pass the exam]. Sobieski, [pdf] Available at: <https://sobieski.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/R043-2012-I-Pyffel-Partnerstwo-strategiczne-z-Chinami.pdf> [Accessed 21 April 2023].

Rau, Z., 2023. Informacja Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych o zadaniach polskiej polityki zagranicznej w 2023 r. [Information of the Minister of Foreign Affairs on the tasks of Polish foreign policy in 2023]. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/informacja-ministra-spraw-zagranicznych-o-zadaniach-polskiej-polityki-zagranicznej-w-2023-r> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Reuters, 2022. Poland's president to attend Beijing Olympics amidst U.S. boycott. [online] 18 January. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/polands-president-attend-beijing-olympics-amidst-us-boycott-2022-01-18/> [Accessed 30 April 2023].

Sahakyan, M., 2023a. 'Colliding interests in Ukraine, Eurasia, and cyberspace in the era of Multipolar World Order 2.0: Conclusion', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London: Routledge, pp.230-240.

Sahakyan, M., 2023b. 'China's Belt and Road Initiative and South Caucasus in the era of the Ukraine war and Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London: Routledge, pp.105-128.

Smolar, E., 2022. Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia wobec Chin. Win-win czy oportunistyczni klienci? [Central and Eastern Europe and China. Win-win or opportunistic customers?]. PISM, [pdf] Available at: <https://wnpism.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Europa_Srodkowa_Smolar.pdf> [Accessed 29 April].
PLK). Rynek Infrastruktury, [online] 29 June. Available at: <https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/drogi-i-autostrady/gigaterminal-w-malaszewiczach-bez-pieniedzy-unijnych-inwestycje-przejmie-plk-81973.html> [Accessed 29 April 2023].

Milenkovic, A., 2022. Smoothing the wheels of commerce: Poland-China trade at record levels. CGTN, [online] 22 October. Available at: <https://newseu cgtn.com/news/2022-10-22/Smoothing-the-wheels-of-commerce-Poland-China-trade-at-record-levels-1ejuYKVuCfC/index.html> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

Onet, 2014. Powstał Sekretariat 16 państw Europy i Chin ds. Inwestycji. [The Investment Secretariat of 16+1 was established]. [online] 19 November. Available at: <https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/powstal-sekretariat-16-panstw-europy-i-chin-dsinwestycji/mej7p> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Osiecki, A., 2022. Rekordowe obroty w handlu Polski z Chinami [Record turnover in Poland's trade with China]. Firma, [online] 27 January. Available at: <https://firma.rp.pl/chiny/art19330951-rekordowe-obroty-w-handlu-polski-z-chinami-eksport-deficyt-handlowy-Polska-Chiny> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

PAIH, 2018. PAIH otwiera biuro na Nowym Jedwabnym Szlaku. [online] 22 November. Available at:

<https://www.paih.gov.pl/20181122/paih_otwiera_biuro_na_nowym_jedwabnym_szlaku> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

Paszak, P., 2021. Poland-China relations in 2021: Current state and prospects. Warsaw Institute, [online] 29 January. Available at: <https://warsawinstitute.org/poland-china-relations-2021-current-state-prospects/> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

President of Poland, 2004. Wizyta oficjalna Przewodniczącego Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej z Małzonką [Official visit of the President of the PRC and his wife]. Available at: <https://www.prezydent.pl/archiwalne-aktualnosci/aktualnosci-rok-2004/wizyta-oficjalna-przewodniczacego-chinskiej-republiki-ludowej-z-malzonka,29615,archive> [Accessed 8 April 2023].

Przychodniak, 2021. A strategic partner of China or United States accomplice? Poland in the view of Chinese authorities and experts. PISM, [pdf] Available at: <https://www.pism.pl/publikacje/Strategiczny_partner_Chin_czy_wspolnik_USA_Polska_w_retryce_wladz_i_srodowisk_eksperckich_ChRL_> [Accessed 27 April 2023].

Ptak, A. and Pawlak, J., 2021. Polish trial begins in Huawei-linked China espionage case.

Reuters, [online] 1 June. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/world/china/polish-trial-begins-huawei-linked-china-espionage-case-2021-05-31/> [Accessed 2 May 2023].

Pyffel, R., 2012. Strategiczne partnerstwo z Chinami - Wielki test czy państwo zda egzamin [Strategic partnership with China - A great test of whether the country would pass the exam].

Sobieski, [pdf] Available at: <https://sobieski.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/R043-2012-I-Pyffel-Partnerstwo-strategiczne-z-Chinami.pdf> [Accessed 21 April 2023].

Rau, Z., 2023. Informacja Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych o zadaniach polskiej polityki zagranicznej w 2023 r. [Information of the Minister of Foreign Affairs on the tasks of Polish foreign policy in 2023]. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/informacja-ministra-spraw-zagranicznych-o-zadaniach-polskiej-polityki-zagranicznej-w-2023-r> [Accessed 12 April 2023].

Reuters, 2022. Poland's president to attend Beijing Olympics amidst U.S. boycott. [online] 18 January. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/polands-president-attend-beijing-olympics-amidst-us-boycott-2022-01-18/> [Accessed 30 April 2023].

Sahakyan, M., 2023a. 'Colliding interests in Ukraine, Eurasia, and cyberspace in the era of Multipolar World Order 2.0: Conclusion', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London: Routledge, pp.230-240.

Sahakyan, M., 2023b. 'China's Belt and Road Initiative and South Caucasus in the era of the Ukraine war and Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London: Routledge, pp.105-128.

Smolar, E., 2022. Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia wobec Chin. Win-win czy oportunistyczni klienci? [Central and Eastern Europe and China. Win-win or opportunistic customers?]. PISM, [pdf] Available at: <https://wnpism.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Europa_Srodkowa_Smolar.pdf> [Accessed 29 April].
State Council, PRC, 2016. Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo he Bolan Gongheguo guanyu jianli quanmin zhanlue huoban guanxi de lianhe shenming (quanwen) [Joint statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Poland on establishing a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (full text)]. Available at: <http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-06/20/content_5083925.htm> [Accessed 8 April 2023].

Strzelecki, J., 2023. Co w tym roku wydarzy się w eksporcie żywności do Chin? [What will happen in food exports to China this year?]. RP, [online] 23 January. Available at: <https://firma.rp.pl/chiny/art37824021-co-w-tym-roku-wydarzy-sie-w-eksporcie-zywnosci-do-chin> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

TVN24, 2021. Prezydent: żywimy oczekiwanie, że współpraca w ramach 17+1 zacznie przynosić bardziej wymierne rezultaty [The President: We expect that the cooperation within the 17+1 format will; start to deliver more measurable results]. TVN24, [online] 9 February. Available at: <https://tvn24.pl/swiat/polska-chiny-prezydent-andrzej-duda-o-wspolpracy-gospodarczej-szczyt-171-5015027> [Accessed 7 August 2023].

Wang, H., 2020. Bolan huo bei tuixiang Mei E duikang "qiaotoubao" [Poland may be pushed to the US-Russia confrontation "bridgehead"). Sohu, [online] 9 August. Available at: <https://www.sohu.com/a/412280791_618422> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

Wiadomosci handlowe, 2021. Aliexpress postawi 8000 maszyn paczkowych w Polsce. Zaczyna od 300 w Warszawie [Aliexpress will set up 8,000 self-service parcel machines in Poland. It starts from 300 in Warsaw]. [online] 24 March. Available at: <https://www.wiadomoscihandlowe.pl/tylko-w-naszym-portalu/aliexpress-postawi-8000-maszyn-paczkowych-w-polsce-zaczyna-od-300-w-warszqwie-tylko-u-nas-2399921> [Accessed 5 August 2023].

## China and Greece

Arežina, S., 2023. 'China's relations with central and Eastern European Countries in a Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.160–173.

ASEM, 2023. Overview. Available at: <https://aseminfoboard.org/overview/> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Bali, K., 2022. In Greece's largest port of Piraeus, China is the boss. Deutsche Welle, [online] 30 October. Available at: <https://www.dw.com/en/greece-in-the-port-of-piraeus-china-is-the-boss/a-63581221> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Can, C., 2022. Online youth forum held to promote exchange between China, Greece. CICG, [online] 21 September. Available at: <http://www.cicgcorp.com/2022-09/21/content_42115828.html> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

Carassava, A., 2023. Greece welcomes return of Chinese travelers. Voice of America, [online] 23 April. Available at: <https://www.voanews.com/a/greece-welcomes-return-of-chinese-travelers-/7062658.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

China-CEEC Cooperation, 2021. About us. Available at: <http://www.china-ceec.org/eng/jj/zyjz/202112/t20211228_10476286.htm> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

China Daily, 2023. Greece counts on direct air links to boost Chinese arrivals. [online] 11 January. Available at: <https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202301/11/WS63be106da31057c47eba8e79.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

COSCO, 2022. 2022 Annual Report. [pdf] Available at: <https://doc.irasia.com/listco/hk/coscoship/annual/2022/ar2022.pdf> [Accessed 20 May 2023].

Embassy of the PRC in the Hellenic Republic, 2021. Ambassador's Greetings. Available at: <http://gr.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/dszc/201108/t20110810_3167935.htm> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Fu, J., 2012. COSCO eyeing further Piraeus port investment. China Daily, [online] 19 June. Available at: <http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2012-06/19/content_15514418.htm> [Accessed 21 May 2023].
State Council, PRC, 2016. Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo he Bolan Gongheguo guanyu jianli quanmin zhanlue huoban guanxi de lianhe shenming (quanwen) [Joint statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Poland on establishing a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (full text)]. Available at: <http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-06/20/content_5083925.htm> [Accessed 8 April 2023].

Strzelecki, J., 2023. Co w tym roku wydarzy się w eksporcie żywności do Chin? [What will happen in food exports to China this year?]. RP, [online] 23 January. Available at: <https://firma.rp.pl/chiny/art37824021-co-w-tym-roku-wydarzy-sie-w-eksporcie-zywnosci-do-chin> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

TVN24, 2021. Prezydent: żywimy oczekiwanie, że współpraca w ramach 17+1 zacznie przynosić bardziej wymierne rezultaty [The President: We expect that the cooperation within the 17+1 format will; start to deliver more measurable results]. TVN24, [online] 9 February. Available at: <https://tvn24.pl/swiat/polska-chiny-prezydent-andrzej-duda-o-wspolpracy-gospodarczej-szczyt-171-5015027> [Accessed 7 August 2023].

Wang, H., 2020. Bolan huo bei tuixiang Mei E duikang "qiaotoubao" [Poland may be pushed to the US-Russia confrontation "bridgehead"). Sohu, [online] 9 August. Available at: <https://www.sohu.com/a/412280791_618422> [Accessed 1 May 2023].

Wiadomosci handlowe, 2021. Aliexpress postawi 8000 maszyn paczkowych w Polsce. Zaczyna od 300 w Warszawie [Aliexpress will set up 8,000 self-service parcel machines in Poland. It starts from 300 in Warsaw]. [online] 24 March. Available at: <https://www.wiadomoscihandlowe.pl/tylko-w-naszym-portalu/aliexpress-postawi-8000-maszyn-paczkowych-w-polsce-zaczyna-od-300-w-warszqwie-tylko-u-nas-2399921> [Accessed 5 August 2023].

## China and Greece

Arežina, S., 2023. 'China's relations with central and Eastern European Countries in a Multipolar World Order 2.0', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.160–173.

ASEM, 2023. Overview. Available at: <https://aseminfoboard.org/overview/> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Bali, K., 2022. In Greece's largest port of Piraeus, China is the boss. Deutsche Welle, [online] 30 October. Available at: <https://www.dw.com/en/greece-in-the-port-of-piraeus-china-is-the-boss/a-63581221> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Can, C., 2022. Online youth forum held to promote exchange between China, Greece. CICG, [online] 21 September. Available at: <http://www.cicgcorp.com/2022-09/21/content_42115828.html> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

Carassava, A., 2023. Greece welcomes return of Chinese travelers. Voice of America, [online] 23 April. Available at: <https://www.voanews.com/a/greece-welcomes-return-of-chinese-travelers-/7062658.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

China-CEEC Cooperation, 2021. About us. Available at: <http://www.china-ceec.org/eng/jj/zyjz/202112/t20211228_10476286.htm> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

China Daily, 2023. Greece counts on direct air links to boost Chinese arrivals. [online] 11 January. Available at: <https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202301/11/WS63be106da31057c47eba8e79.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

COSCO, 2022. 2022 Annual Report. [pdf] Available at: <https://doc.irasia.com/listco/hk/coscoship/annual/2022/ar2022.pdf> [Accessed 20 May 2023].

Embassy of the PRC in the Hellenic Republic, 2021. Ambassador's Greetings. Available at: <http://gr.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/dszc/201108/t20110810_3167935.htm> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Fu, J., 2012. COSCO eyeing further Piraeus port investment. China Daily, [online] 19 June. Available at: <http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2012-06/19/content_15514418.htm> [Accessed 21 May 2023].
Karakatsani, E., 2021. Greece external relations briefing: Greece's current relations with China. China – CEE Institute, 42(4). [online] 3 August. Available at: <https://china-cee.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021er07_Greece.pdf> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Kokkinidis, T., 2023. China congratulates Greece on founding Ancient Civilizations Center, Greek Reporter, [online] 21 February. Available at: <https://greekreporter.com/2023/02/21/china-congratulates-greece-on-founding-ancient-civilizations-center/> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

Koutantou, A., 2021. China's COSCO hopes for Greek deal on Piraeus despite delay – official. Reuters, [online] 28 May. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cosco-ship-hold-greece-piraeus-idUSKCN2D91H7> [Accessed 20 May 2023].

MFA, Hellenic Republic, 2023. China. Available at: <https://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/china/> [Accessed 29 March 2023].

Nedos, V., 2022. US Navy interested in Alexandroupoli port. ekathimerini.com [e-journal]. Available at: <https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1193533/us-navy-interested-in-alexandroupoli-port/> [Accessed 1 April 2023].

Nedos, V., 2023. High-level visits reflect Greece's growing geopolitical clout. ekathimerini.com [e-journal]. Available at: <https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1204798/high-level-visits-reflect-greeces-growing-geopolitical-clout/> [Accessed 31 March 2023].

Panagopoulou, G., 2023. 'Eurasia and the Pacific as the “Golden Apple of Discord” between the US and China: The cases of Afghanistan, Ukraine, the Quad and the AUKUS', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.26–34.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Colliding interests in Ukraine, Eurasia, and cyberspace in the era of Multipolar World Order 2.0: Conclusion', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.230–240.

Sipsas, E., 2023. Chinese travelers flock to Greece. China Global Television Network (CGTN), [online] 25 March. Available at: <https://newseu.cfgtn.com/news/2023-03-25/Chinese-travelers-flock-to-Greece-1ipxiryPyaA/index.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

The Government, Hellenic Republic, 2017. Mnimonio synergasias gia ti syndiorganosi tou Etous Politistikon Antallagon Elladas-Kinas [Memorandum of cooperation for the co-organisation of the Greece-China year of cultural exchanges]. [online] 24 September. Available at: <https://www.government.gov.gr/mnimonio-sinergasias-gia-ti-sindiorganosi-tou-etous-politistikon-antallagon-elladas-kinas/> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

The National Herald, 2023. Bang the Gong quickly: Chinese tourists flocking back to Greece. [online] 24 April. Available at: <https://www.thenationalherald.com/bang-the-gong-quickly-chinese-tourists-flocking-back-to-greece/> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

The OEC, 2023. China and Greece Trade. March. Available at: <https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/chn/partner/grc> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023a. China exports to Greece. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/china/exports/greece> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023b. China imports from Greece. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/china/imports/greece> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023c. Greece exports to China. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/greece/exports/china> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023d. Greece imports from China. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/greece/imports/china> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Tsimitakis, M., 2021. China's Cosco under fire after fatal accident in Piraeus port. Euractiv, [online] 27 October. Available at: <https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/chinas-cosco-under-fire-after-fatal-accident-in-piraeus-port/> [Accessed 8 July 2023].

Tsvyk, A.V., 2022. 'The Belt and Road Initiative and China–EU relations', in Sahakyan, M., and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia: Rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. London/New York: Routledge, pp.111–122.

Tzu, S., 5th century BC. The art of war. Trans. L. Giles. [pdf] Available at: <https://suntzusaid.com/download.php> [Accessed 14 July 2023].

US Embassy & Consulate in Greece, 2019. Fact Sheet: Alexandroupolis Port. Available at: <https://gr.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-alexandroupolis-port/> [Accessed 1 April 2023].
Karakatsani, E., 2021. Greece external relations briefing: Greece's current relations with China. China – CEE Institute, 42(4). [online] 3 August. Available at: <https://china-cee.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021er07_Greece.pdf> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Kokkinidis, T., 2023. China congratulates Greece on founding Ancient Civilizations Center, Greek Reporter, [online] 21 February. Available at: <https://greekreporter.com/2023/02/21/china-congratulates-greece-on-founding-ancient-civilizations-center/> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

Koutantou, A., 2021. China's COSCO hopes for Greek deal on Piraeus despite delay – official. Reuters, [online] 28 May. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cosco-ship-hold-greece-piraeus-idUSKCN2D91H7> [Accessed 20 May 2023].

MFA, Hellenic Republic, 2023. China. Available at: <https://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/china/> [Accessed 29 March 2023].

Nedos, V., 2022. US Navy interested in Alexandroupoli port. ekathimerini.com [e-journal]. Available at: <https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1193533/us-navy-interested-in-alexandroupoli-port/> [Accessed 1 April 2023].

Nedos, V., 2023. High-level visits reflect Greece's growing geopolitical clout. ekathimerini.com [e-journal]. Available at: <https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1204798/high-level-visits-reflect-greeces-growing-geopolitical-clout/> [Accessed 31 March 2023].

Panagopoulou, G., 2023. 'Eurasia and the Pacific as the “Golden Apple of Discord” between the US and China: The cases of Afghanistan, Ukraine, the Quad and the AUKUS', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.26–34.

Sahakyan, M., 2023. 'Colliding interests in Ukraine, Eurasia, and cyberspace in the era of Multipolar World Order 2.0: Conclusion', in Sahakyan, M., ed., China and Eurasian powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London/New York: Routledge, pp.230–240.

Sipsas, E., 2023. Chinese travelers flock to Greece. China Global Television Network (CGTN), [online] 25 March. Available at: <https://newseu.cfgtn.com/news/2023-03-25/Chinese-travelers-flock-to-Greece-1ipxiryPyaA/index.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

The Government, Hellenic Republic, 2017. Mnimonio synergasias gia ti syndiorganosi tou Etous Politistikon Antallagon Elladas-Kinas [Memorandum of cooperation for the co-organisation of the Greece-China year of cultural exchanges]. [online] 24 September. Available at: <https://www.government.gov.gr/mnimonio-sinergasias-gia-ti-sindiorganosi-tou-etous-politistikon-antallagon-elladas-kinas/> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

The National Herald, 2023. Bang the Gong quickly: Chinese tourists flocking back to Greece. [online] 24 April. Available at: <https://www.thenationalherald.com/bang-the-gong-quickly-chinese-tourists-flocking-back-to-greece/> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

The OEC, 2023. China and Greece Trade. March. Available at: <https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/chn/partner/grc> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023a. China exports to Greece. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/china/exports/greece> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023b. China imports from Greece. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/china/imports/greece> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023c. Greece exports to China. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/greece/exports/china> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Trading Economics, 2023d. Greece imports from China. May. Available at: <https://tradingeconomics.com/greece/imports/china> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Tsimitakis, M., 2021. China's Cosco under fire after fatal accident in Piraeus port. Euractiv, [online] 27 October. Available at: <https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/chinas-cosco-under-fire-after-fatal-accident-in-piraeus-port/> [Accessed 8 July 2023].

Tsvyk, A.V., 2022. 'The Belt and Road Initiative and China–EU relations', in Sahakyan, M., and Gärtner, H., eds., China and Eurasia: Rethinking cooperation and contradictions in the era of changing world order. London/New York: Routledge, pp.111–122.

Tzu, S., 5th century BC. The art of war. Trans. L. Giles. [pdf] Available at: <https://suntzusaid.com/download.php> [Accessed 14 July 2023].

US Embassy & Consulate in Greece, 2019. Fact Sheet: Alexandroupolis Port. Available at: <https://gr.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-alexandroupolis-port/> [Accessed 1 April 2023].
Watanabe, S., 2021. China's COSCO raises stake in top Greek port Piraeus to 67%. Nikkei Asia, [online] 26 October. Available at: <https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/China-s-COSCO-raises-stake-in-top-Greek-port-Piraeus-to-67> [Accessed 20 May 2023].

Xinhua, 2023. Greece eager to host Chinese travelers again: Tourism minister. [online] 20 January. Available at: <https://english.news.cn/20230120/bd5bbe60f0784c81b1b1fc64fb0e666a/c.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Xu, Y., 2023. Learning the Greek Language in China. Greek Reporter, [online] 15 March. Available at: <https://greekreporter.com/2023/03/15/learning-greek-china/> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

Examining Hong Kong's Agency within Sino-American Relations

Allison, G., 2017. What Xi Jinping wants. The Atlantic. Available at: <https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/05/what-china-wants/528561/> [Accessed 1 March 2023].

Bell, D. and de-Shalit, A., 2013. The spirit of cities. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brown, K., 2022. Xi. A study in power. London: Icon Books Ltd.

Bush, R., 2012. The response of China's neighbors to the U.S. "Pivot" to Asia"'. Brookings Institute.

Bush, R.C., 2016. Hong Kong in the shadow of China: Living with the leviathan. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Chan, W.Y., 2019. Soft power and paradiplomacy of the Hong Kong special administrative region: A critical appraisal. Ph.D thesis. Hong Kong Baptist University. Available at: <https://scholars.hkbu.edu.hk/ws/portalfiles/portal/55039447/OA-0691.pdf> [Accessed 22 February 2023].

China Law Translate, 2014. Counter-espionage Law, [online] 03 November. Available at: <https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/anti-espionage/> [Accessed 14 February 2023].

CMAB, 2021. Improve Electoral System Ensure Patriots Administering Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR Government. Available at:

<https://www.cmab.gov.hk/improvement/filemanager/content/pdf/en/resource-centre/booklet.pdf> [Accessed 5 February 2023].

Congress, 1992. United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992. Available at: <https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/senate-bill/1731> [Accessed 3 April 2023].

Gehrke, L. and Brown, S., 2020. Trump on China's Xi: 'We love each other'. POLITICO, [online] 21 January 2020. Available at: <https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-on-chinas-xi-we-love-each-other/> [Accessed 5 March 2023].

Gutierrez, H., 2015. What are we talking about when we talk about "subnational" governments? World Bank Blogs. Available at: <https://blogs.worldbank.org/governance/what-are-we-talking-about-when-we-talk-about-subnational-governments> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Hao, Q., 2015. China debates the 'New type of great power relations'. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 8(4), pp.349-370.

Hass, R. and Denmark, A., 2020. More pain than gain: How the US-China trade war hurt America. Brookings Institute. Available at: <https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/08/07/more-pain-than-gain-how-the-us-china-trade-war-hurt-america/> [Accessed 16 March 2023].

HKGCC, 2021. China's 20 years at the WTO. Available at: <https://www.chamber.org.hk/en/information/the-bulletin_detail.aspx?id=828> [Accessed 12 March 2023].

HKCEC, 2023. Conventions. Available at: <https://www.hkcec.com/en/conventions> [Accessed 12 March 2023]. HKSAR Information Office, 1999. CE's Council of International Advisers to hold second meeting. Available at: <https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199911/10/1110255.htm> [Accessed 8 March 2023].

HKSAR Information Office, 2004. CE and international advisers meet in Guangzhou. Available at: <https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200411/04/1104147.htm> [Accessed 5 March 2023]. Hosseini, H., Mousavi, M.A. and Azad, M.K.H., 2018. Obama's "Pivot to Asia" policy (2011-2016): The case of China. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 2(4), pp.633-674.
Watanabe, S., 2021. China's COSCO raises stake in top Greek port Piraeus to 67%. Nikkei Asia, [online] 26 October. Available at: <https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/China-s-COSCO-raises-stake-in-top-Greek-port-Piraeus-to-67> [Accessed 20 May 2023].

Xinhua, 2023. Greece eager to host Chinese travelers again: Tourism minister. [online] 20 January. Available at: <https://english.news.cn/20230120/bd5bbe60f0784c81b1b1fc64fb0e666a/c.html> [Accessed 21 May 2023].

Xu, Y., 2023. Learning the Greek Language in China. Greek Reporter, [online] 15 March. Available at: <https://greekreporter.com/2023/03/15/learning-greek-china/> [Accessed 10 July 2023].

Examining Hong Kong's Agency within Sino-American Relations

Allison, G., 2017. What Xi Jinping wants. The Atlantic. Available at: <https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/05/what-china-wants/528561/> [Accessed 1 March 2023].

Bell, D. and de-Shalit, A., 2013. The spirit of cities. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brown, K., 2022. Xi. A study in power. London: Icon Books Ltd.

Bush, R., 2012. The response of China's neighbors to the U.S. "Pivot" to Asia"'. Brookings Institute.

Bush, R.C., 2016. Hong Kong in the shadow of China: Living with the leviathan. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Chan, W.Y., 2019. Soft power and paradiplomacy of the Hong Kong special administrative region: A critical appraisal. Ph.D thesis. Hong Kong Baptist University. Available at: <https://scholars.hkbu.edu.hk/ws/portalfiles/portal/55039447/OA-0691.pdf> [Accessed 22 February 2023].

China Law Translate, 2014. Counter-espionage Law, [online] 03 November. Available at: <https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/anti-espionage/> [Accessed 14 February 2023].

CMAB, 2021. Improve Electoral System Ensure Patriots Administering Hong Kong. Hong Kong SAR Government. Available at:

<https://www.cmab.gov.hk/improvement/filemanager/content/pdf/en/resource-centre/booklet.pdf> [Accessed 5 February 2023].

Congress, 1992. United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992. Available at: <https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/senate-bill/1731> [Accessed 3 April 2023].

Gehrke, L. and Brown, S., 2020. Trump on China's Xi: 'We love each other'. POLITICO, [online] 21 January 2020. Available at: <https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-on-chinas-xi-we-love-each-other/> [Accessed 5 March 2023].

Gutierrez, H., 2015. What are we talking about when we talk about "subnational" governments? World Bank Blogs. Available at: <https://blogs.worldbank.org/governance/what-are-we-talking-about-when-we-talk-about-subnational-governments> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Hao, Q., 2015. China debates the 'New type of great power relations'. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 8(4), pp.349-370.

Hass, R. and Denmark, A., 2020. More pain than gain: How the US-China trade war hurt America. Brookings Institute. Available at: <https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/08/07/more-pain-than-gain-how-the-us-china-trade-war-hurt-america/> [Accessed 16 March 2023].

HKGCC, 2021. China's 20 years at the WTO. Available at: <https://www.chamber.org.hk/en/information/the-bulletin_detail.aspx?id=828> [Accessed 12 March 2023].

HKCEC, 2023. Conventions. Available at: <https://www.hkcec.com/en/conventions> [Accessed 12 March 2023]. HKSAR Information Office, 1999. CE's Council of International Advisers to hold second meeting. Available at: <https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199911/10/1110255.htm> [Accessed 8 March 2023].

HKSAR Information Office, 2004. CE and international advisers meet in Guangzhou. Available at: <https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200411/04/1104147.htm> [Accessed 5 March 2023]. Hosseini, H., Mousavi, M.A. and Azad, M.K.H., 2018. Obama's "Pivot to Asia" policy (2011-2016): The case of China. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 2(4), pp.633-674.
Hu, W., 2018. Trump's China policy and its implications for the "Cold Peace" across the Taiwan Strait. China Review, 18(3), pp.61-88.

Jiang, Z., 1997. Speech by President Jiang Zemin at Handover Ceremony. Daily Information Bulletin Hong Kong, [online] 1 July 1997. Available at:

<https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/dib/0701.htm> [Accessed 5 March 2023].

Joseph, T., 2022. U.S. can't just bury and forget Hong Kong. POLITICO, [online] 30 June 2022. Available at: <https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-china-watcher/2022/06/30/u-s-should-not-be-done-with-hong-kong-00043293> [Accessed 6 March 2023].

Keohane, R. and Nye, J., 2011. Power and interdependence. New York: Longman.

Kueh, Y.Y. and Voon, T., 1997. 'The role of Hong Kong in Sino-American economic relations', in Kueh, Y.Y. and Voon, T., eds., The political economy of Sino-American relations: A greater China perspective. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp.61-92.

Lam, C. 2017. Speech by CE at HKTDC annual dinner in London. [online] 21 September.

Available at: <www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201709/21/P2017092100150.htm> [Accessed 25 March 2023March).

Lam, J. and Leung, K., 2018. US Consul General Kurt Tong dismisses Hong Kong National Party's call to punish city by applying US-China trade war tariffs. South China Morning Post, [online] 5 September. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2162862/us-consul-general-kurt-tong-denies-hong-kong-national-partys> [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Lampton, D., 1997. China and Clinton's America: Have they learned anything. Asian Survey, 37(12), pp.1099-1118.

Langer, L., 2008. Out of joint? – Hong Kong's international status from the Sino-British joint declaration to the present. Archiv des Völkerrechts, 46(3), pp.309-344.

Lau, S.K., ed., 2002. The first Tung Chee-Hwa administration: The first five years of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.

Li, C., 2009. China's new think tanks: Where officials entrepreneurs and scholars interact. Brookings Institute. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/summer_china_li-1.pdf> [Accessed 4 February 2023].

Li, C., 2021. Biden's China strategy: Coalition-driven competition or Cold War-style confrontation? Brookings Institute. Available at: <https://www.brookings.edu/research/bidens-china-strategy-coalition-driven-competition-or-cold-war-style-confrontation/> [Accessed 26 February 2023].

Lieberthal, K., 1997. Hong Kong between the U.S. and China. The Journal of the International Institute, 5(1). Available at: <https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jii/4750978.0005.101/--hong-kong-between-the-us-and-china?rgn=main;view=fulltext>.

Liu, Z.Z., 2022. Jiang Zemin put China's economic opening into practice. Council of Foreign Relations. Available at: <https://www.cfr.org/blog/jiang-zemin-put-chinas-economic-opening-practice> [Accessed 26 March 2023].

Loh, C. and Cullen, R., 2018. No third person: Rewriting the Hong Kong story. New York: Abbreviated Press.

Loh, C. and Foong, K., 2005. Hong Kong as a 'World City': Assessing its attractiveness to global talent. Hong Kong: Civic Exchange.

Mak, J. and Wong, B., 2019. One Country Two Systems' is still the best model for Hong Kong but it badly needs reform. TIME, [online] 30 October. Available at: <https://time.com/5713715/hong-kong-one-country-two-systems-failure/> [Accessed 26 March 2023].

Mark, C.-K., 2004. Hong Kong and the Cold War: Anglo-American relations 1949-1957. Oxford: Clarendon.

Martin, M., 2007. Hong Kong: Ten years after the handover. CRS Report for Congress. [pdf] Available at: <https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL34071.pdf> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Mason, J., Spetalnick, M. and Pamuk, H., 2020. Trump threatens new tariffs on China in retaliation for coronavirus. Reuters, [online] 1 May. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-china-idUSKBN22C3DS> [Accessed 6 March 2023].

Mearsheimer, J., 2001. The tragedy of great power politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Hu, W., 2018. Trump's China policy and its implications for the "Cold Peace" across the Taiwan Strait. China Review, 18(3), pp.61–88.

Jiang, Z., 1997. Speech by President Jiang Zemin at Handover Ceremony. Daily Information Bulletin Hong Kong, [online] 1 July 1997. Available at: <https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/dib/0701.htm> [Accessed 5 March 2023].

Joseph, T., 2022. U.S. can't just bury and forget Hong Kong. POLITICO, [online] 30 June 2022. Available at: <https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-china-watcher/2022/06/30/u-s-should-not-be-done-with-hong-kong-00043293> [Accessed 6 March 2023].

Keohane, R. and Nye, J., 2011. Power and interdependence. New York: Longman.

Kueh, Y.Y. and Voon, T., 1997. 'The role of Hong Kong in Sino-American economic relations', in Kueh, Y.Y. and Voon, T., eds., The political economy of Sino-American relations: A greater China perspective. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp.61–92.

Lam, C. 2017. Speech by CE at HKTDC annual dinner in London. [online] 21 September. Available at: <www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201709/21/P2017092100150.htm> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Lam, J. and Leung, K., 2018. US Consul General Kurt Tong dismisses Hong Kong National Party's call to punish city by applying US-China trade war tariffs. South China Morning Post, [online] 5 September. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2162862/us-consul-general-kurt-tong-denies-hong-kong-national-partys> [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Lampton, D., 1997. China and Clinton's America: Have they learned anything. Asian Survey, 37(12), pp.1099–1118.

Langer, L., 2008. Out of joint? – Hong Kong's international status from the Sino-British joint declaration to the present. Archiv des Völkerrechts, 46(3), pp.309–344.

Lau, S.K., ed., 2002. The first Tung Chee-Hwa administration: The first five years of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.

Li, C., 2009. China's new think tanks: Where officials entrepreneurs and scholars interact. Brookings Institute. [pdf] Available at: <https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/summer_china_li-1.pdf> [Accessed 4 February 2023].

Li, C., 2021. Biden's China strategy: Coalition-driven competition or Cold War-style confrontation? Brookings Institute. Available at: <https://www.brookings.edu/research/bidens-china-strategy-coalition-driven-competition-or-cold-war-style-confrontation/> [Accessed 26 February 2023].

Lieberthal, K., 1997. Hong Kong between the U.S. and China. The Journal of the International Institute, 5(1). Available at: <https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jii/4750978.0005.101/--hong-kong-between-the-us-and-china?rgn=main;view=fulltext>.

Liu, Z.Z., 2022. Jiang Zemin put China's economic opening into practice. Council of Foreign Relations. Available at: <https://www.cfr.org/blog/jiang-zemin-put-chinas-economic-opening-practice> [Accessed 26 March 2023].

Loh, C. and Cullen, R., 2018. No third person: Rewriting the Hong Kong story. New York: Abbreviated Press.

Loh, C. and Foong, K., 2005. Hong Kong as a 'World City': Assessing its attractiveness to global talent. Hong Kong: Civic Exchange.

Mak, J. and Wong, B., 2019. One Country Two Systems' is still the best model for Hong Kong but it badly needs reform. TIME, [online] 30 October. Available at: <https://time.com/5713715/hong-kong-one-country-two-systems-failure/> [Accessed 26 March 2023].

Mark, C.-K., 2004. Hong Kong and the Cold War: Anglo-American relations 1949–1957. Oxford: Clarendon.

Martin, M., 2007. Hong Kong: Ten years after the handover. CRS Report for Congress. [pdf] Available at: <https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL34071.pdf> [Accessed 30 March 2023].

Mason, J., Spetalnick, M. and Pamuk, H., 2020. Trump threatens new tariffs on China in retaliation for coronavirus. Reuters, [online] 1 May. Available at: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-china-idUSKBN22C3DS> [Accessed 6 March 2023].

Mearsheimer, J., 2001. The tragedy of great power politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Neuman, S. 2020. In U.N. speech Trump blasts China and WHO blaming them for spread of COVID-19. NPR, [online] 22 September. Available at:
<https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/22/915630892/in-u-n-speech-trump-blasts-china-and-who-blaming-them-for-spread-of-covid-19> [Accessed 16 March 2023].
Ng, T. and Kwong, M.-K., 2014. President Xi Jinping warns of disaster if Sino-US relations sour. SCMP, [online] 9 July. Available at:
<https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1550184/confrontation-us-would-be-disaster-says-president-xi-jinping> [Accessed 18 March 2023].
Nye, J., 1990. Soft power. Foreign Policy, 80, pp.153–171.
Nye, J., 2008. Toward a liberal realist foreign policy. Harvard Magazine. March-April 2008.
Available at: <https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2008/03/toward-a-liberal-realist-html> [Accessed 18 March 2023].

Nye, J. and Welch, D., 2012. Understanding global conflict and cooperation: An introduction to theory and history. London: Pearson.

Overholt, W., 2019. Hong Kong: The rise and fall of 'One Country Two Systems. Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation. [pdf] Available at:
<https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/overholt_hong_kong_paper_final.pdf> [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Putnam, R., 1988. Diplomacy and domestic politics: The logic of two-level games. International Organization, 42(3), pp.427–460.
Ren, Y., 2020. Silie Zhicheng: Xianggang Yundong de Mi Yu Si [A city split asunder]. Hong Kong China: Chong Hwa Book Company.

Roach, S., 2022. Accidental conflict: America China and the clash of false narratives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Roberts, P.M. and Carroll, J.M., eds., 2016. Hong Kong in the Cold War. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

Rudd, K., 2022. The avoidable war: The dangers of a catastrophic conflict between the US and Xi Jinping's China. New York: Public Affairs.
Sahakyan, M., ed., 2023. China and Eurasian powers in a multipolar world order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London: Routledge.

Sanger, D., 2013. Obama and Xi try to avoid a Cold War mentality. New York Times, [online] 9 June. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/10/world/asia/obama-and-xi-try-to-avoid-a-cold-war-mentality.html> [Accessed 10 March 2023].

SCMP, 1997. George Bush – Message. [online] 1 July. Available at:
<https://www.scmp.com/article/202324/george-bush-message> [Accessed 10 March 2023].

SCMP, 2002. Friends for a good reason. [online] 1 March. Available at:
<https://www.scmp.com/article/372698/friends-good-reason> [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Shen, S., 2013. 'Navigating the grey area: Hong Kong's external relations under the Tsang administration', in Cheng, J., ed., The second chief executive of Hong Kong SAR: Evaluating the Tsang years 2005–2012. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, pp.469–494.

State Council Information Office, PRC, 2014. The practice of the 'one country, two systems' policy in the Hong Kong special administrative region. Available at:
<https://english www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2014/08/23/content_281474982986578.html> [Accessed 6 March 2023].

Stoltenberg, C.D., 1984. China's special economic zones: Their development and prospects. Asian Survey, 24(6), pp.637–654.

Summers, T., 2016. British policy toward Hong Kong and its political reform. Issues & Studies: A Social Science Quarterly on China Taiwan and East Asian Affairs, 52(4), pp.1–25.

Summers, T., 2019. The external affairs of the Hong Kong SAR: UK-Hong Kong relations. Asian Education and Development Studies, 8(2), pp.126–136.

Summers, T., 2021. China's Hong Kong: The politics of a global city. Newcastle upon Tyne: Agenda Publishing.

Tang, H., 2020. Globalization in crisis: Lessons from the past two centuries with some thoughts on the current event. Working Paper. Hong Kong: Asia Global Institute.

Tang, S., 2008. 'From offensive to defensive realism: A social evolutionary interpretation of China's security strategy', in Ross, R. and Zhu, F., eds., China's ascent: Power security and the future of international politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp.141–162.
Neuman, S. 2020. In U.N. speech Trump blasts China and WHO blaming them for spread of COVID-19. NPR, [online] 22 September. Available at:
<https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/22/915630892/in-u-n-speech-trump-blasts-china-and-who-blaming-them-for-spread-of-covid-19> [Accessed 16 March 2023].
Ng, T. and Kwong, M.-K., 2014. President Xi Jinping warns of disaster if Sino-US relations sour. SCMP, [online] 9 July. Available at:
<https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1550184/confrontation-us-would-be-disaster-says-president-xi-jinping> [Accessed 18 March 2023].
Nye, J., 1990. Soft power. Foreign Policy, 80, pp.153–171.
Nye, J., 2008. Toward a liberal realist foreign policy. Harvard Magazine. March-April 2008.
Available at: <https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2008/03/toward-a-liberal-realist-html> [Accessed 18 March 2023].

Nye, J. and Welch, D., 2012. Understanding global conflict and cooperation: An introduction to theory and history. London: Pearson.

Overholt, W., 2019. Hong Kong: The rise and fall of 'One Country Two Systems. Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation. [pdf] Available at:

<https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/overholt_hong_kong_paper_final.pdf> [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Putnam, R., 1988. Diplomacy and domestic politics: The logic of two-level games. International Organization, 42(3), pp.427–460.

Ren, Y., 2020. Silie Zhicheng: Xianggang Yundong de Mi Yu Si [A city split asunder]. Hong Kong China: Chong Hwa Book Company.

Roach, S., 2022. Accidental conflict: America China and the clash of false narratives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Roberts, P.M. and Carroll, J.M., eds., 2016. Hong Kong in the Cold War. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

Rudd, K., 2022. The avoidable war: The dangers of a catastrophic conflict between the US and Xi Jinping's China. New York: Public Affairs.

Sahakyan, M., ed., 2023. China and Eurasian powers in a multipolar world order 2.0: Security, diplomacy, economy and cyberspace. London: Routledge.

Sanger, D., 2013. Obama and Xi try to avoid a Cold War mentality. New York Times, [online] 9 June. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/10/world/asia/obama-and-xi-try-to-avoid-a-cold-war-mentality.html> [Accessed 10 March 2023].

SCMP, 1997. George Bush – Message. [online] 1 July. Available at:
<https://www.scmp.com/article/202324/george-bush-message> [Accessed 10 March 2023].

SCMP, 2002. Friends for a good reason. [online] 1 March. Available at:
<https://www.scmp.com/article/372698/friends-good-reason> [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Shen, S., 2013. 'Navigating the grey area: Hong Kong's external relations under the Tsang administration', in Cheng, J., ed., The second chief executive of Hong Kong SAR: Evaluating the Tsang years 2005–2012. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, pp.469–494.

State Council Information Office, PRC, 2014. The practice of the 'one country, two systems' policy in the Hong Kong special administrative region. Available at:

<https://english www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2014/08/23/content_281474982986578.html> [Accessed 6 March 2023].

Stoltenberg, C.D., 1984. China's special economic zones: Their development and prospects. Asian Survey, 24(6), pp.637–654.

Summers, T., 2016. British policy toward Hong Kong and its political reform. Issues & Studies: A Social Science Quarterly on China Taiwan and East Asian Affairs, 52(4), pp.1–25.

Summers, T., 2019. The external affairs of the Hong Kong SAR: UK-Hong Kong relations. Asian Education and Development Studies, 8(2), pp.126–136.

Summers, T., 2021. China's Hong Kong: The politics of a global city. Newcastle upon Tyne: Agenda Publishing.

Tang, H., 2020. Globalization in crisis: Lessons from the past two centuries with some thoughts on the current event. Working Paper. Hong Kong: Asia Global Institute.

Tang, S., 2008. 'From offensive to defensive realism: A social evolutionary interpretation of China's security strategy', in Ross, R. and Zhu, F., eds., China's ascent: Power security and the future of international politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp.141–162.
Tian, F., 2018. Xianggang Zhenggai Guancha [Watch on Hong Kong political reforms]. Hong Kong: Commercial Press.

Tilly, C. and Tarrow, S., 2015. Contentious politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ting, W. and Lai, E., 2012. 'Hong Kong in the eyes of the international community', in Lam, W., Lui, P. and Wong, W., eds., Contemporary Hong Kong government and politics. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp.349–370.

Tong, K., 2017. An American view on democratic values and why they matter in Hong Kong. US Consulate General Hong Kong and Macau. Available at: <https://hk.usconsulate.gov/sp-2017110701/> [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Tong, K., 2019. United States-Hong Kong relations: Past, present and future. US Consulate General Hong Kong and Macau. Available at: <https://hk.usconsulate.gov/sp-2019070202/> [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Tsang, D., Cheung, G. and Leung, C., 2020. Trump's executive order revoking Hong Kong's special status: What is it and who will be affected? SCMP, [online] 15 July. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3093302/trumps-executive-order-revoking-hong-kongs-special-status> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Tu, Y., 2020. The question of 2047: Constitutional fate of 'One country Two systems' in Hong Kong. German Law Journal, 21(8), pp.1481–1525.

Tucker, N.B., 1998. A precarious balance: Clinton and China. Current History, 97(620), pp.243–249.

U.S. Department of State, 2005. Whither China: From membership to responsibility? Remarks to National Committee on U.S.-China Relations by Robert Zoellick. Available at: <https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/d/former/zoellick/rem/53682.htm> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Wang, X., 2022. Upholding common law tackling vested interests: Xi's vision of Hong Kong strikes a chord. SCMP, [online] 9 July. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3184573/upholding-common-law-tacking-vested-interests-xis-vision-hong> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2018. Hong Kong's frustration with Beijing is no excuse for nostalgia for the British Empire. SCMP, [online] September 28. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/hong-kong/article/2166116/hong-kongs-frustration-beijing-no-excuse-nostalgia> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2020. Hong Kong is the first casualty of the New Cold War. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2020/08/hong-kong-is-the-first-casualty-of-the-new-cold-war/> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2021a. What Hong Kong's legislative reforms mean for the city. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/what-hong-kongs-legislative-reforms-mean-for-the-city/> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2021b. Pojianlunn [Metamorphosis]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Economic Journal.

Wong, B., 2023a. Hong Kong's Role in Reconstructing Sino-American Engagement. China-US Focus, [online] 05 Aug. Available at: https://www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/hong-kongs-role-in-reconstructing-sino-american-engagement [Accessed 20 February 2024].

Wong, B., 2023b. Hong Kong is at its best when it is open to the world. SCMP, [online] 18 January. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/hong-kong/article/3207063/hong-kong-its-best-when-it-open-world> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Wood, J., 2018. Review of Hong Kong in the global Cold War. Intelligence and National Security, 34(1), pp.149–153.

Xinhua, 2020. Xi stresses building up China's comprehensive national strength. [online] 23 October. Available at: <http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-10/23/c_139461053.htm> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Yep, R., 2018. 'Hong Kong after 20 years after the handover: Emerging social and institutional fractures after 1997', in Lui, T.L. and Fong, B.C.H., eds., Studies in the political economy of public policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.231–254.

Zhang, B., 2021. From defensive toward offensive realism: Strategic competition and continuities in the United States' China policy. Journal of Contemporary China, 31(137), pp.793–809.

Zhao, J., 2005. The PRC foreign policy transition under Jiang Zemin (with a focus on Sino-Japanese relations). Revista de Historia Actual, 3(3), pp.63–72.
Tian, F., 2018. Xianggang Zhenggai Guancha [Watch on Hong Kong political reforms]. Hong Kong: Commercial Press.

Tilly, C. and Tarrow, S., 2015. Contentious politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ting, W. and Lai, E., 2012. 'Hong Kong in the eyes of the international community', in Lam, W., Lui, P. and Wong, W., eds., Contemporary Hong Kong government and politics. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp.349–370.

Tong, K., 2017. An American view on democratic values and why they matter in Hong Kong. US Consulate General Hong Kong and Macau. Available at: <https://hk.usconsulate.gov/sp-2017110701/> [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Tong, K., 2019. United States-Hong Kong relations: Past, present and future. US Consulate General Hong Kong and Macau. Available at: <https://hk.usconsulate.gov/sp-2019070202/> [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Tsang, D., Cheung, G. and Leung, C., 2020. Trump's executive order revoking Hong Kong's special status: What is it and who will be affected? SCMP, [online] 15 July. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3093302/trumps-executive-order-revoking-hong-kongs-special-status> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Tu, Y., 2020. The question of 2047: Constitutional fate of 'One country Two systems' in Hong Kong. German Law Journal, 21(8), pp.1481–1525.

Tucker, N.B., 1998. A precarious balance: Clinton and China. Current History, 97(620), pp.243–249.

U.S. Department of State, 2005. Whither China: From membership to responsibility? Remarks to National Committee on U.S.-China Relations by Robert Zoellick. Available at: <https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/d/former/zoellick/rem/53682.htm> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Wang, X., 2022. Upholding common law tackling vested interests: Xi's vision of Hong Kong strikes a chord. SCMP, [online] 9 July. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3184573/upholding-common-law-tacking-vested-interests-xis-vision-hong> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2018. Hong Kong's frustration with Beijing is no excuse for nostalgia for the British Empire. SCMP, [online] September 28. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/hong-kong/article/2166116/hong-kongs-frustration-beijing-no-excuse-nostalgia> [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2020. Hong Kong is the first casualty of the New Cold War. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2020/08/hong-kong-is-the-first-casualty-of-the-new-cold-war/> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2021a. What Hong Kong's legislative reforms mean for the city. Diplomat. Available at: <https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/what-hong-kongs-legislative-reforms-mean-for-the-city/> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Wong, B., 2021b. Pojianlunn [Metamorphosis]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Economic Journal.

Wong, B., 2023a. Hong Kong's Role in Reconstructing Sino-American Engagement. China-US Focus, [online] 05 Aug. Available at: https://www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/hong-kongs-role-in-reconstructing-sino-american-engagement [Accessed 20 February 2024].

Wong, B., 2023b. Hong Kong is at its best when it is open to the world. SCMP, [online] 18 January. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/hong-kong/article/3207063/hong-kong-its-best-when-it-open-world> [Accessed 25 March 2023].

Wood, J., 2018. Review of Hong Kong in the global Cold War. Intelligence and National Security, 34(1), pp.149–153.

Xinhua, 2020. Xi stresses building up China's comprehensive national strength. [online] 23 October. Available at: <http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-10/23/c_139461053.htm> [Accessed 27 March 2023].

Yep, R., 2018. 'Hong Kong after 20 years after the handover: Emerging social and institutional fractures after 1997', in Lui, T.L. and Fong, B.C.H., eds., Studies in the political economy of public policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.231–254.

Zhang, B., 2021. From defensive toward offensive realism: Strategic competition and continuities in the United States' China policy. Journal of Contemporary China, 31(137), pp.793–809.

Zhao, J., 2005. The PRC foreign policy transition under Jiang Zemin (with a focus on Sino-Japanese relations). Revista de Historia Actual, 3(3), pp.63–72.