Appendix III. Bibliography

<table><thead><tr><td></td><td>Title</td><td>Author</td><td>Year</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Sustainable Plastics Strategy</td><td>Suschem. https://www.suschemes.org/docum/pb/2020/Suschem_Sustainable_Plastics_Brochure.pdf</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>2 - Techniques for separation of plastic wastes</td><td>Serranti, S. and Bonifazi, G. Use of Recycled Plastics in Eco-efficient Concrete Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, Pages 9-37.</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Recent Advances in Pre-Treatment of Plastic Packaging Waste</td><td>Kol, R. et al., Current Topics in Recycling. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.99385</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Recyclage chimique des déchets plastique : état des lieux et perspective</td><td>Dr. Arnaud Parenty</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Recyclage chimique des déchets plastiques : situation et perspectives état de l'art et avis d'experts</td><td>RECORD</td><td>2015</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>El Dorado of Chemical Recycling, State of play and policy challenges</td><td>Zero Waste Europe</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Mechanism of glycolysis of nylon 6,6 and its model compound by ethylene glycol. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 91. 1545-1555. 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.09.019.</td><td>Kim, Kap Jin & Dhevagoti, Manjula Dhevi & Lee, Jong & Cho, Young & Choe, Eun Kyung.</td><td>2006</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>A New Approach to Chemical Recycling of Polyamide 6.6 and Synthesis of Polyurethanes with Recovered Intermediates. J Polym Environ 26, 4415-4429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1314-4</td><td>Datta, J., Błażek, K., Włoch, M. et al</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Degradation of nylon-6 by glycolysis. Part I: identification of degradation products. J Macromol Sci Pure Appl Chem 35:1489-1505</td><td>Hommez B, Goethals E</td><td>1998</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Technologies for chemical recycling of household plastics - A technical review and TRL assessment</td><td>Solit and Silveira, Waste Management 105 (2020) 128-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.038</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste.</td><td>Ragaert, K., Delva, L., Van Geem, K., Waste Manag. 69, 24-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.044.</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Etat de l'Art technico-économique des filières de valorisation des plastiques usagés par Recyclage Chimique, Cas des plastiques issus des DEEE</td><td>Gerard Antonini</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Screening LCA Ioniqa</td><td>CE Delft</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Open loop recycling: A LCA case study of PET bottle to fibre recycling.</td><td>Shen L, et al. Resour Conserv Recy doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.06.014</td><td>2010</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Summary of Ioniqa LCA: Screening carbon footprint analysis</td><td>Lindgreen, E.R., and Bergsma, G.</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Chemical Recycling: State of Play</td><td>Eunomia Simon Hann, Toby Connock</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Chemical Depolymerization of PET Bottles via Ammonolysis and Aminolysis</td><td>Gupta, P. and Bhandari, S. in Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811361-5.00006-7</td><td>2019</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>18</td><td>Recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) – A review focusing on chemical methods</td><td>Geyer, B. et al. eXPRESS Polymer Letters, Vol.10, No.7 (2016) 559–586, DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.53</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization</td><td>Juliana Oliveira et al., Front. Mar. Sci. 7:567126. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.567126</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste.</td><td>Thiounn, T. and Smith, R. C. Journal of Polymer Science.</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Studies of different techniques of aminolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with ethylenediamine</td><td>More, A. et al., Polym. Bull. DOI 10.1007/s00289-016-1888-8</td><td>2016</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Recycling and disposal methods for polyurethane foam wastes.</td><td>Yang W, Dong Q, et al. Procedia Environ Sci 2012;16:167-75.</td><td>2012</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Hydrocracking of virgin and waste plastics: A detailed review.</td><td>Munir, D. et al., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 90, pp. 490–515</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Recyclage Chimique Des Plastiques, Application aux plastiques issus des DEEE</td><td>• Dr. Arnaud PARENTY - LAVOISIER CIRCULAR TRANSITION<br>• Pr. Gérard ANTONINI, Professeur des Universités – PROCETECH<br>• Magali PALLUAU et Charlotte HUGREL – BLEU SAFRAN</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Verkenning chemische recycling</td><td>CE Delft</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Approche « Mass balance » et recyclage chimique des plastiques</td><td>ADEME</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Enabling a circular economy for chemicals with the mass balance approach</td><td>Ellen MacArthur Foundation. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/Mass-Balance-White-Paper-2020.pdf</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Waste Framework Directive - DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL</td><td>European Commission. Official Journal of the European Union https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02008L0098-20180705&amp;from=EN</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>10 Questions and Answers to Better Understand Chemical Recycling</td><td>Chemical Recyclers Europe. https://www.chemicalrecycling.europa.eu/copy-of-about-chemical-recycling</td><td>No date</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Chemical Recycling Europe calls for a faster recognition and legislation review to unlock the potential of chemical recycling</td><td>Chemical Recyclers Europe. https://cdn.ca.emap.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2020/06/Chemical-Recycling-Europe-position-paper.pdf</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Restrictions & misunderstanding about Chemical Recycling misguide transformation of EU Waste Policy</td><td>Chemical Recyclers Europe. https://www.chemicalrecyclingeurope.eu/post/restrictions-misunderstanding-about-chemical-recycling-misguide-transformation-of-eu-waste-policy</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>10 Priorities to transform EU Waste Policy</td><td>Zero Waste Europe. https://zerowasteeurope.eu/10-priorities-to-transform-eu-waste-policy/</td><td>No date</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Chemical Recycling: 7 Steps to Efficiently Legislate on Chemical Recycling</td><td>Janek Vahk, Zero Waste Europe. https://zerowasteeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/rpa_chemical_recycling_statement.pdf</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Environmental taxation and EU environmental policies</td><td>European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-taxation-and-eu-environmental-policies</td><td>2016</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>35</td><td>COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 282/2008 of 27 March 2008 on recycled plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foods and amending Regulation (EC) No 2023/2006</td><td>European Commission. Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32008R0282&from=EN</td><td>2008</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Recycled content used in plastic packaging applications</td><td>British Plastics Federation (BPF). https://cdnmedia.eurofins.com/corporate-eurofins/media/12153132/bpf-recycled-content-us.pdf</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Mass Balance Approach to Accelerate the Use of Renewable Feedstocks in Chemical Processes</td><td>Plastics Europe.</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Determining recycled content with the 'mass balance approach'10 recommendations for development of methods and standards</td><td>Rethink Plastic. https://ecostandard.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/02/2021_zwe_joint-paper_recycling_content_mass_balance_-approach.pdf#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%98mass%20balance%20approach%E2%80%99%20is%20one%20such%20set, while%20harming%20the%20credibility%20of%20the%20recycling%20industry.%C2%A0%C2%A0</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>End-of-waste criteria for waste plastic for conversion</td><td>Villanueva, A. and Eder, P. European Commission - Joint Research Centre</td><td>2014</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>DIRECTIVE (EU) 2018/851 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2008/98/EC on waste</td><td>European Commission. Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32018L0851&from=EN</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>RecyClass Unwrapped: Recycled Content Traceability Certification</td><td>RecyClass. https://recyclass.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/RecyClass-Unwrapped_20210127.pdf</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>What drives us?</td><td>CertPlast. https://www.eucertplast.eu/about</td><td>No data</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>Standards and certification schemes related to the mass balance approach Applications in chemical industry</td><td>Johanneberg Science Park. https://www.johannebergscien-cepark.com/sites/default/files/Report-mass%20balance-approved_200406_3.pdf</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>EUR-Lex - C(2021)2800 - EN</td><td>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=PI_COM:C(2021)2800&from=EN</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>Recent Advances in Pre-Treatment of Plastic Packaging Waste</td><td>Kol, R. et al., Current Topics in Recycling. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.99385</td><td>2021</td></tr></table>
Appendix IV. List of studied technology developers

Please note this list is not exhaustive and only focuses on the technology developers studied in this report.

<table><thead><tr><td>Name of the technology developer</td><td>Name of the technology</td><td>Polymer treated</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Agilyx</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>PS</td></tr><tr><td>Annellotech (Plast-Tcat™ technology)</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>APK AG</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>Mixed waste</td></tr><tr><td>Aquafil</td><td>Hydrolysis</td><td>PA6</td></tr><tr><td>Arcus Greencycling</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Bio-BTX</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Borealis</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>BP</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Carbios</td><td>Enzymatic depolymerization</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Carboliq (subsidiary of RECENSO)</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Cassandra Oil</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Clariter</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>CreaCycle</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>DePoly</td><td>Hydrolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>DuPont Teijin Films (JV between DuPont and Teijin)</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Eastman</td><td>Methanolysis, Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Emery Oleochemicals</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PU</td></tr><tr><td>Showa Denko</td><td>Gasification</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Enerkem</td><td>Gasification</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Enval (spun-out from University of Cambridge)</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Fuenix Ecogy Group</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Garbo</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Gr3n</td><td>Microwave depolymerization</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Greenmantra Technologies</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>PS</td></tr><tr><td>H&S anlagentechnik</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PU</td></tr><tr><td>IBM Research</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>IFPEN/Axens</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Indaver</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>PS, PE, PP</td></tr><tr><td>Ioniqa Technologies</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>ITERO (previously CGC)</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>JEPLAN</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Lyondell Basell</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Loop Industries</td><td>Methanolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>MMAtwo (4 years project launched in 2018)</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>PMMA</td></tr><tr><td>Morssinkhof/Cumapol/DSM-Niaga/DuFor/NHL Stenden University</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Mura Technology (utilises Licella Holdings Pty.'s Cat-HTR™ technology, Renew ELP carries out recycling)</td><td>Hydrothermal cracking</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>OMV (partnership with Boréalis)</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table><tr><td>PerPETual Global Technologies</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Petrobras</td><td>Enzymatic depolymerization</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Plastic Energy</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Polyloop (ex Vinyloop technology)</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>PVC</td></tr><tr><td>PolyStyreneLoop</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>PS</td></tr><tr><td>Polystyvert</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>PS</td></tr><tr><td>Poseidon Plastics (JV between Green Lizard Technologies Ltd, Panima Capital and Abundia Industries LLC.)</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Pryme</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>PureCycle Technologies</td><td>Dissolution</td><td>PP</td></tr><tr><td>Pyrowave</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>PS</td></tr><tr><td>Quantafuel</td><td>Catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>RAMPF Eco</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PU/PET / PSA, other polyesters (PLA, PC, PHB)</td></tr><tr><td>Recycling Technologies UK</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Renew ELP</td><td>Hydrothermal cracking</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>RITTEC</td><td>Hydrolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr><tr><td>Splainex Ecosystems</td><td>Non catalytic thermal depolymerization</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>Synova Tech</td><td>Gasification</td><td>Mixed plastics</td></tr><tr><td>SOPREMA</td><td>Glycolysis</td><td>PET</td></tr></table>