# Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°46

Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin, Annette Bérard, Céline Pelosi, Soizic

Morin, Olivier Crouzet, Pascale Karmasyn-Veyrines

► To cite this version:

Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin, Annette Bérard, Céline Pelosi, Soizic Morin, et al.. Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°46. 2020, 10.15454/9HM9-3C17. hal-02988676v2

HAL Id: hal-02988676

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02988676v2

Submitted on 13 Jul 2021

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# Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

## N°46, Aout 2020

Réalisé par l'équipe de veille sur la période du 1er juillet au 31 août 2020.

Colette Bertrand, Christian Mougin (UMR 1402 EcoSys), Annette Berard, Céline Pélosi (UMR 1114 EMMAH), Soizic Morin (UR 1454 EABX), Olivier Crouzet (UPFS - OFB) et Pascale Karmasyn-Veyrines (DipSO)

Destinataires : les membres de la liste : [ecotox@inrae.fr](mailto:ecotox@inrae.fr)

### Edito

Voici notre 46ème bulletin de veille, encore riche en informations !

Nous vous rappelons le séminaire trisannuel de notre réseau Ecotox, qui se tiendra cette année les lundi 16 novembre après midi, et la journée du mardi 17, sous la forme d'un webinaire. Le thème retenu cette année est « L'écotoxicologie du continuum sol-eau, opportunités suite à la fusion INRA-Irstea ». Pour tout renseignement et pour participer au webinaire, vous trouverez les informations utiles sur la page de notre site ECOTOX :

https://www6.inrae.fr/ecotox/Manifestations/Seminaires-du-reseau/2020

Nous vous proposons dans ce bulletin une tribune portant sur l'expertise académique à destination des entreprises dans les domaines de l'Environnement et de la Santé. Le texte est également disponible sous forme de fiche thématique en téléchargement sur notre site ECOTOX :

https://www6.inrae.fr/ecotox/Productions/Fiches-thematiques/Fiche-thematique-N-28-aout-2020

N'oubliez pas de nous transmettre les informations que vous souhaitez diffuser, notamment vos publications que nous pourrions avoir oubliées.

L'équipe vous souhaite une bonne lecture de ce bulletin !

Contact : [veille-ecotox@inrae.fr](mailto:veille-ecotox@inrae.fr)
# SOMMAIRE

## TRIBUNE LIBRE

10

## ERA / PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES / COMMUNAUTES MICROBIENNES AQUATIQUES. 14

<table><tr><td>Advances in characterizing microbial community change and resistance upon exposure to lead contamination: Implications for ecological risk assessment</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Polystyrene nanoplastics cause growth inhibition, morphological damage and physiological disturbance in the marine microalga <i>Platymonas helgolandica</i></td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of humic acids on biotoxicity of tetracycline to microalgae <i>Coelastrella</i> sp.</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Correlating the influence of biochemical parameters in environment with pesticide tolerance of non-target algae</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Nanosilver impacts on aquatic microbial decomposers and litter decomposition assessed as pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT)</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Impacts of chemical contamination on bacterio-phytoplankton coupling</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>The use of epilithic biofilms as bioaccumulators of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Aquatic toxicity and mode of action of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles in four microalgae species</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>Microalgal ecotoxicity of nanoparticles: An updated review</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>Primary production of freshwater microbial communities is affected by a cocktail of herbicides in an outdoor experiment</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Transcriptomic analysis suggests the inhibition of DNA damage repair in green alga <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i> exposed to roxithromycin</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Caffeine reduces the toxicity of albendazole and carbamazepine to the microalgae <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i> (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta)</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Physiological and morphological response of marine diatom <i>Cylindrotheca closterium</i> (Bacillariophyceae) exposed to cadmium</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Influence of Temperature and Nickel on Algal Biofilm Fatty Acid Composition</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Polystyrene microplastics decrease accumulation of essential fatty acids in common freshwater algae</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>The influence of nanoplastics on the toxic effects, bioaccumulation, biodegradation and enantioselectivity of ibuprofen in freshwater algae <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i></td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of norfloxacin on algae-cladoceran grazer-larval damselfly food chains: Algal morphology-mediated trophic cascades</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of carbon nanotubes on the toxicities of copper, cadmium and zinc toward the freshwater microalgae <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i></td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Multiple Stressors Determine Community Structure and Estimated Function of River Biofilm Bacteria</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Inclusion of seasonal variation in river system microbial communities and phototroph activity increases environmental relevance of laboratory chemical persistence tests</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Characteristics of spatial and seasonal bacterial community structures in a river under anthropogenic disturbances</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Sulfonamides-induced oxidative stress in freshwater microalga <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>: Evaluation of growth, photosynthesis, antioxidants, ultrastructure, and nucleic acids</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Investigation of the toxic effects of different polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics on microalgae <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> by analysis of cell viability, pigment content, oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Adverse effects of levo floxacin and oxytetracycline on aquatic microbial communities</td><td>24</td></tr></table>

## ERA / PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES / MICROBIOLOGIE ET CONTAMINANTS. 25

<table><tr><td>The effects of biochar and AM fungi (<i>Funneliformis mosseae</i>) on bioavailability Cd in a highly contaminated acid soil with different soil phosphorus supplies</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Advances in characterizing microbial community change and resistance upon exposure to lead contamination: Implications for ecological risk assessment</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental drivers of shifts on microbial traits in sites disturbed by a large-scale tailing dam collapse</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Naphthalene exerts non-target effects on the abundance of active fungi by stimulating basidiomycete abundance</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Assessment of heavy metal pollution and the effect on bacterial community in acidic and neutral soils</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>CuO Nanoparticles Alter the Rhizospheric Bacterial Community and Local Nitrogen Cycling for Wheat Grown in a</td><td>27</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Calcareous Soil</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Relative importance of soil properties and heavy metals/metalloids to modulate microbial community and activity at a smelting site</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Changes of Enzymatic Activities, Substrate Utilization Pattern, and Microbial Community Diversity in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of microplastic and microglass particles on soil microbial community structure in an arable soil (Chernozem)</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Estimation of Hg(II) in Soil Samples by Bioluminescent Bacterial Bioreporter E. coli ARL1, and the Effect of Humic Acids and Metal Ions on the Biosensor Performance</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Phytohormone up-regulates the biochemical constituent, exopolysaccharide and nitrogen metabolism in paddy-field cyanobacteria exposed to chromium stress</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of Long-Term exposure to Heavy Metals upon Rhizosphere Bacteria from Baia Mare Area (Maramures County, Romania)</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere of Robinia pseudoacacia L. after being exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 and cadmium for 4 years</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy metal concentrations in Brazilian port areas and their relationships with microorganisms: can pollution in these areas change the microbial community?</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Microbial Activities Response to Contamination in Soil and Sediments Rich in As Surrounding an Industrial Gold Mine</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>The responses of soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial community structure to nine years of varied zinc application rates</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Alkaline amendments improve the health of soils degraded by metal contamination and acidification: Crop performance and soil bacterial community responses</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Acute glyphosate exposure does not condition the response of microbial communities to a dry-rewetting disturbance in a soil with a long history of glyphosate-based herbicides</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>The effect of salinity gradient and heavy metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure in some Algerian wetlands</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and sulfosulfuron on enzymatic activities and microbial communities in two agricultural soils</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of Dimethylpentalin on Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity in Sorghum Soil</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Synergistic interaction of a consortium of the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola and the bacterium Ralstonia pickettii for DDT biodegradation</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><td>Assessment of Changes on Rhizospheric Soil Microbial Biomass, Enzymes Activities and Bacterial Functional Diversity under Nickel Stress in Presence of Alfafa Plants</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution of Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Bacteria in Saline Petrola Lake (Albacete, SE Spain) Protected Area is Strongly Linked to Land Use</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><td>Life in mine tailings: microbial population structure across the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and roots of boreal species colonizing mine tailings in northwestern Quebec</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>Soil Saprobi Fungi Differ in Their Response to Gradually and Abruptly Delivered Copper</td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td>Monoammonium Phosphate Effects on Glyphosate in Soils: Mobilization, Phytotoxicity, and Alteration of the Microbial Community</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of lignin and plant growth-promoting bacteria (Staphylococcus pasteuri) on microbe-plant Co-remediation: A PAHs-DDTs Co-contaminated agricultural greenhouse study</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Effective passivation of lead by phosphate solubilizing bacteria capsules containing tricalcium phosphate</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>The effect of biochar on soil-plant-earthworm-bacteria system in metal(loid) contaminated soil</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>Vertical distribution of microbial communities and their response to metal(loid)s along the vadose zone-aquifer sediments</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities of Aluminum-Tolerant and -Sensitive Soybean Genotypes Respond Differently to Aluminum Stress in an Acid Soil</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Diagnosing bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil and related geochemical processes at the field scale through microbial community and functional genes</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td>Use of biomass ash to reduce toxicity affecting soil bacterial community growth due to tetracycline antibiotics</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Additive effects of metal excess and superoxide, a highly toxic mixture in bacteria</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Enhancing the plants growth and arsenic uptake from soil using arsenite-oxidizing bacteria</td><td>42</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Lead and cadmium-resistant bacterial species isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils show plant growth-promoting traits</td><td>42</td></tr><tr><td>Application of rapeseed residue increases soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity and mitigates cadmium pollution risk in paddy fields</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>The guanidine thiocyanate-high EDTA method for total microbial RNA extraction from severely heavy metal-contaminated soils</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>The response of arsenic bioavailability and microbial community in paddy soil with the application of sulfur fertilizers</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Richness and metallo-tolerance of cultivable fungi recovered from three high altitude glaciers from Citlaltepetl and Iztaccihuatl volcanoes (Mexico)</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of depleted uranium on a soil microcosm fungal community and influence of a plant-ectomycorrhizal association</td><td>45</td></tr><tr><td>Catchment-scale export of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria from an agricultural watershed in central Iowa</td><td>45</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>ERA / PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES / PESTICIDES ET FAUNE SAUVAGE</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>A National-Scale Assessment of Mercury Bioaccumulation in United States National Parks Using Dragonfly Larvae As Biosentinels through a Citizen-Science Framework</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Identifying agricultural pesticides that may pose a risk for birds</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Risk Assessment of Cd, Cu, and Pb from the consumption of hunted meat: red-legged partridge and wild rabbit</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Development of a simple multiresidue extraction method for the quantification of a wide polarity range list of pesticides and transformation products in eggs by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry</td><td>46</td></tr><tr><td>Avian eggshell thickness in relation to egg morphometrics, embryonic development, and mercury contamination</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>Endocrine Disruption: Current approaches for regulatory testing and assessment of plant protection products are fit for purpose</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>The influence of natural variation and organohalogenated contaminants on physiological parameters in white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) nestlings from Norway</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>Environment and food web structure interact to alter the trophic magnification of persistent chemicals across river ecosystems</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Agrochemicals and neurogenesis</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>A sublethal dose of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid reduces sperm density in a songbird</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) during the wintering season in Sinaloa, Mexico</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>Mercury exposure to swallows breeding in Canada inferred from feathers grown on breeding and non-breeding grounds</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>A novel use of the leukocyte coping capacity assay to assess the immunomodulatory effects of organohalogenated contaminants in avian wildlife</td><td>49</td></tr><tr><td>Levels and distribution pattern of organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs of 22 terrestrial birds from Tamil Nadu, India</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Mortality and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Butterflies Following Aerial Naled Applications for Mosquito Control on the National Key Deer Refuge</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Micro QuEChERS-based method for the simultaneous biomonitoring in whole blood of 360 toxicologically relevant pollutants for wildlife</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Blood concentrations of 50 elements in Eagle owl (Bubo bubo) at different contamination scenarios and related effects on plasma vitamin levels - ScienceDirect</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>Physiological effects of toxic elements on a wild nightjar species</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>The effects of climate, habitat, and trophic position on methylmercury bioavailability for breeding New York songbirds</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Nest-boxes for raptors as a biological control system of vole pests: High local success with moderate negative consequences for non-target species</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Mediation of Oxidative Stress Toxicity Induced by Pyrethroid Pesticides in Fish</td><td>52</td></tr><tr><td>Toxic Elements in Blood of Red-Necked Nightjars (Caprimulgus Ruficollis) Inhabiting Differently Polluted Environments</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Longitudinally Monitored Lifetime Changes in Blood Heavy Metal Concentrations and Their Health Effects in</td><td></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Urban Birds</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>From seeds to plasma: Confirmed exposure of multiple farmland bird species to clothianidin during sowing of winter cereals</td><td>53</td></tr><tr><td>Assessment of the effects of early life exposure to triphenyl phosphate on fear, boldness, aggression, and activity in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) chicks</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Organochlorine pesticides in feathers of three raptor species in southern Brazil</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Trace element distribution in tissues and risk of exposure of ruddy shelduck wintering in Nanhaizi Wetland, Baotou, China</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Uptake, Metabolism, and Elimination of Fungicides from Coated Wheat Seeds in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)</td><td>54</td></tr><tr><td>Oxidative state of the frugivorous bat Sturnira lilium (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in agricultural and urban areas of southern Brazil</td><td>55</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>ERA / PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES / PESTICIDES/CLIMAT ET VDT/ENCHY</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>Grassland management effects on earthworm communities under ambient and future climatic conditions</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>Impacts on reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus in fertilized soils with chicken litter treated with synthetic and natural insecticide</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>Alternative Evaluation to Earthworm Toxicity Test in Polychlorinated Biphenyls Spiked and Remediated Soils</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>Evaluation of certain important biochemical parameters of four tropical earthworms in response to soil moisture and temperature variations</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>Bioaccumulation and toxic effects of penconazole in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) following soil exposure</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><td>Biochemical Toxicity and Potential Detoxification Mechanisms in Earthworms Eisenia fetida Exposed to Sulfamethazine and Copper</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Novel understanding of toxicity in a life cycle perspective - The mechanisms that lead to population effect - The case of Ag (nano) materials</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Evaluation of joint toxicity of heavy metals and herbicide mixtures in soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Use of integrated biomarker response for evaluating antioxidant stress and DNA damage of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in decabromodiphenyl ethane-contaminated soil</td><td>57</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>DROIT ET POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Plan Ecophyto 2 : lancement d'un nouvel appel à projets national</td><td>58</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>REGLEMENTATION / DROIT</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Entrée relative à l'acide perfluorooctane sulfonique et ses dérivés (SPFO) : annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1021 modifiée</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Modification de l'annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1021 du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'inscription du dicofol</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Liste de vigilance relative aux substances soumises à surveillance à l'échelle de l'Union dans le domaine de la politique de l'eau en vertu de la directive 2008/105/CE</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Produit biocide unique dénommé «ClearKlens product based on IPA» autorisé par l'Union</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Conditions d'importation de denrées alimentaires et d'aliments pour animaux originaires des pays tiers à la suite de l'accident survenu à la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Approbation prolongée des substances actives sulfate d'ammonium et d'aluminium, silicate d'aluminium, farine de sang, carbonate de calcium, dioxyde de carbone</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><td>Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de chlorpyriphos et de chlorpyriphos-méthyl présents dans ou sur certains produits</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Icaridine approuvée en tant que substance active existante destinée à être utilisée dans les produits biocides</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Non-approbation de certaines substances actives dans des produits biocides</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Date d'expiration reportée de l'approbation de la créosote en vue de son utilisation dans les produits biocides</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques : «pyrophosphate ferrique» approuvée en tant que substance active à faible risque</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Approbation renouvelée de la substance active «pyriproxyfène»</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Acide perfluorooctanoïque (PFOA), ses sels et les composés apparentés au PFOA</td><td>61</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Approbation renouvelée des substances actives «Phlebiopsis gigantea» - souches VRA 1835, VRA 1984 et FOC PG 410.3»</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Approbation de la substance de base «lait de vache»</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active «béta-cyfluthrine»</td><td>61</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td><strong>AVIS / EXPERTISES / NORMES</strong></td><td><strong>62</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Review of the evidence on bee background mortality</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>Évaluation du troisième plan chlordécone et propositions</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>NF EN ISO 21479 - Qualité du sol - Détermination des effets des polluants sur la flore du sol - Composition en acides gras foliaires des plantes utilisées pour évaluer la qualité du sol</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>NF EN ISO 20130 - Qualité du sol - Mesure de l'activité enzymatique dans des échantillons de sol en utilisant des substrats colorimétriques</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>NF EN ISO 21286 - Qualité du sol - Identification des espèces par codes-barres ADN dans les essais d'écotoxicologie</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td>NF EN ISO 21285 - Qualité du sol - Inhibition de la reproduction de l'acarien prédateur (Hypoaspis aculeifer) par des contaminants du sol</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td>NF EN ISO 15473 - Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices relatives aux essais en laboratoire pour la biodégradation de produits chimiques organiques dans le sol sous conditions anaérobiques</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td>An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic pesticides. Part 4: Alternatives in major cropping systems</td><td>63</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td><strong>PUBLICATIONS DU RESEAU ECOTOX</strong></td><td><strong>64</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Impact of peri-urban landscape on the organic and mineral contamination of pond waters and related risk assessment</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Dietary bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the common sole <em>Solea solea</em> in the context of global change. Part 2: Sensitivity of juvenile growth and contamination to toxicokinetic parameters uncertainty and environmental conditions variability in estuaries</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>QuEChERS applicability to measure land snail polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for risk assessment</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Challenges and ways forward in pesticide emission and toxicity characterization modeling for tropical conditions</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Soil dissipation and bioavailability to earthworms of two fungicides under laboratory and field conditions</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><td>Ex situ environmental risk assessment of polluted soils using threshold guide values for the land snail <em>Cantareus aspersus</em> (vol 721, 137789, 2020)</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Insights into the Function and Horizontal Transfer of Isoproturon Degradation Genes (pdmAB) in a Biobed System</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Behavioural and biochemical alterations in gammarids as induced by chronic metallic exposures (Cd, Cu and Pb): Implications for freshwater biomonitoring</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Editorial: Microbial Ecotoxicology</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>A generic PBTK model implemented in the MCRA platform: Predictive performance and uses in risk assessment of chemicals</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of low concentrations of deltamethrin are dependent on developmental stages and sexes in the pest moth <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em></td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Temperature effect on perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicokinetics in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>): Exploration via a physiologically based toxicokinetic model</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>The Zebra Mussel (<em>Dreissena polymorpha</em>) as a Model Organism for Ecotoxicological Studies: A Prior H-1 NMR Spectrum Interpretation of a Whole Body Extract for Metabolism Monitoring</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine axes in amphibians</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Trophic Transfer of Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in an Urban Riverine Food Web</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>A "Population Dynamics" Perspective on the Delayed Life-History Effects of Environmental Contaminations: An Illustration with a Preliminary Study of Cadmium Transgenerational Effects over Three Generations in the <em>Crustacean Gammarus</em></td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td>Estrogenic activity of surface waters using zebrafish- and human-based in vitro assays: The Danube as a case-study</td><td>72</td></tr><tr><td>Detrimental sublethal effects hamper the effective use of natural and chemical pesticides in combination with a key natural enemy of <em>Bemisia tabacion tomato</em></td><td>72</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Impact of ageing and soil contaminants on telomere length in the land snail</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>Feasibility of Metal(Ioid) Phytoextraction from Polluted Soils: The Need for Greater Scrutiny</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>Ionising Radiation Induces Promoter DNA Hypomethylation and Perturbs Transcriptional Activity of Genes Involved in Morphogenesis during Gastrulation in Zebrafish</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><td>Dolomite and Compost Amendments Enhance Cu Phytostabilization and Increase Microbiota of the Leachates from a Cu-Contaminated Soil</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>Modeling and optimizing the removal of cadmium by Sinapis alba L. from contaminated soil via Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks during assisted phytoremediation with sewage sludge</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><td>Can contamination by major systemic insecticides affect the voracity of the harlequin ladybird?</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>New protocols for the selection and rearing of Metoncholaimus pristurus and the first evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in meiobenthic nematodes</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><td>How to quantify the links between bioavailable contamination in watercourses and pressures of anthropogenic land cover, contamination sources and hydromorphology at multiple scales?</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Free or Protein-Bound Microcystin Accumulation by Freshwater Bivalves as a Tool to Evaluate Water Contamination by Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria?</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Imaging Differential Mercury Species Bioaccumulation in Glass Eels Using Isotopic Tracers and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Ecosystems monitoring powered by environmental genomics: A review of current strategies with an implementation roadmap</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><td>Process type is the key driver of the fate of organic micropollutants during industrial scale treatment of organic wastes</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>Benthic diatom growth kinetics under combined pressures of microalgal competition, predation and chemical stressors</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>Corbicula fluminea: A sentinel species for urban Rare Earth Element origin</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>Environmental and Human Health Issues Related to Long-Term Contamination by Chlordecone in the French Caribbean</td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>Effects of chronic exposure to a pharmaceutical mixture on the three-spined stickleback (gasterosteus aculeatus) population dynamics in lotic mesocosms</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Trophic Conditions Influence Widespread Distribution of Aster-Like Nanoparticles Within Aquatic Environments</td><td>80</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>OUVRAGES / RAPPORTS / ACTES DE CONGRES</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Can the history of pollution shape a better future?</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments, Volume 1, 1st Edition: Occurrence, Effects and Challenges in a Changing World</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Heavy Metals in the Environment 1st Edition: Impact, Assessment, and Remediation</td><td>81</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>REVUE DE PRESSE / ALTERNATIVES / BIOPESTICIDES</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Avec la plateforme Openfield, Bioline illustre la 3e voie de l'agriculture</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Gestion du risque : activer tous les leviers agronomiques</td><td>82</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>REVUE DE PRESSE / ASSOCIATIONS</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Ré-autorisation de pesticides interdits : l'UFC-Que Choisir dénonce une grave atteinte démocratique, environnementale et sanitaire</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Alerte Sondage : Près de 7 français sur 10 opposés aux dérogations pour les insecticides néonicotinoïdes sur les cultures de betterave !</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>EU microplastics ban set to make a growing problem worse</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides and Fertilizers Outrank Fossil Fuels as the Number One Contributor of Hazardous Sulfur Emissions</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Neonicotinoids harm shrimp and oyster Health, decrease nutritional value</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Insecticides tueurs d'abeilles : le gouvernement ne doit pas se laisser berner et doit accéder à la demande des 71 000 signataires de notre pétition !</td><td>83</td></tr><tr><td>Une nouvelle étude américaine montre les effets dramatiques des néonicotinoïdes sur les populations d'oiseaux !</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Scientists link toxic Coronavirus disinfectant use to wild animal deaths</td><td>84</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Néonicotinoïdes : Le ministre a ouvert la boîte de Pandore !</td><td>84</td></tr><tr><td>Dérogations pour les insecticides tueurs d'abeilles : Générations Futures réagit et s'insurge !</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>Intox sur les pesticides dans l'eau à Tautavel : l'eau du robinet est archi potable.</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>28 Pesticides Linked to Mammary Gland Cancer, Inadequately Reviewed by EPA</td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>Tentatives d'affaiblissement de la future stratégie européenne sur les produits chimiques au sein de la Commission</td><td>86</td></tr><tr><td>Générations Futures s'oppose fermement aux insecticides néonicotinoïdes dans les plantations de betteraves !</td><td>86</td></tr><tr><td>Long-Term Pesticide Exposure Linked to Hearing Loss in Farmworkers</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Much Higher Rates of Covid-19 Infection and Death in Farmworkers and Landscapers, May Be Enhanced by Pesticide Exposure</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Researchers Developing New Methods to Detect Pesticide Contamination in Bee Hives</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Fiche info sur les PFAS dans l'environnement</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticide mixtures a bigger problem than previously thought</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>76,3% des quantifications de pesticides dans l'air sont le fait de pesticides PE suspectés et/ou classés CMR 1ou 2 selon l'UE</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Mancozèbe : Nous ne voulons plus de ce fongicide dangereux au sein de l'UE !</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides dans l'air : Générations Futures dénonce la communication mensongère de l'ANSES</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Le Parlement européen adopte une résolution sur la future stratégie de l'UE en matière de produits chimiques</td><td>89</td></tr><tr><td>SDHI : alerte sanitaire non légitime</td><td>89</td></tr><tr><td>Study Shows Brain Effects during Fetal Development Linked to Common Pesticide Exposure, Supports Call for Organic Alternatives</td><td>90</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand's chemical pesticide ban troubles farmers, industries</td><td>90</td></tr><tr><td>With 400,000 Malaria Deaths Worldwide, Insect Resistance to Mosquito Pesticides Calls for Urgent Need to Shift to Alternative Management Strategies</td><td>90</td></tr><tr><td>Cour des comptes européenne : les initiatives de l'UE n'ont pas enrayé le déclin des abeilles</td><td>91</td></tr><tr><td>Baisse supposée des pesticides : le ministère de l'Agriculture fait ce jour un coup de com' sur des chiffres provisoires</td><td>91</td></tr><tr><td>La commission de l'environnement du Parlement européen exige de la future stratégie européenne sur les produits chimiques une approche axée prioritairement sur la santé</td><td>91</td></tr><tr><td>Produits phytos - 44 % de pesticides vendus en 2019</td><td>92</td></tr><tr><td>Pac et Green Deal L'eurodéputé B. Biteau veut aller plus loin dans la réduction des pesticides</td><td>92</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>REVUE DE PRESSE / RECHERCHE ET MEDIAS</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Saving marine life: Novel method quantifies the effects of plastic on marine wildlife</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Investigation into ecological impact of Chernobyl wildfires</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Treating COVID-19 could lead to increased antimicrobial resistance</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Maternal insecticide use during pregnancy and neonatal jaundice</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Planetary ball-milling helps protect our planet from plastics pollution</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Reduce insecticide spraying by using ant pheromones to catch crop pests</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Pollution exposure at work may be associated with heart abnormalities among Latinx community</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Biocontrôle : la liste des produits autorisés a été mise à jour</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Betteraves et néonicotinoïdes L'eurodéputé E. Andrieu demande à l'Europe d'annuler la dérogation française</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Pollution de l'eau dans le Finistère : interrogations sur la méthanisation industrielle</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>Perturbation endocrinienne chez le poisson : synergie entre le réchauffement climatique et les pesticides</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>Néonicotinoïdes : un projet de loi confirme la volonté d'étendre les dérogations jusqu'en 2023</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>Néonicotinoïdes autorisés pour la filière betterave : les défenseurs des abeilles sont vent debout</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>Pollution linked to antibiotic resistance</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>RCSI research finds air pollution in Ireland associated with strokes</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>Atrazine Found to Harm Marsupial Health</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>Agriculture replaces fossil fuels as largest human source of sulfur in the environment</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>Depuis quand utilise-t-on des pesticides ?</td><td>96</td></tr><tr><td>Lutte contre les mouches, le taupin... Les producteurs de maïs veulent aussi déroger à l'interdiction des néonicotinoïdes</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>Alain Commissaire, de Cristal Union, demande « du temps » pour la filière</td><td>97</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>Recours aux néonicotinoïdes, aides, prévention : les mesures gouvernementales</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>Lutte anti-limaces : le métaldéhyde dans le viseur</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>Phytosanitaires : pesticide dans l'eau d'un village catalan : plainte pour « empoisonnement »</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>Children's National Hospital case report sounds the alarm for antibiotic resistance</td><td>98</td></tr><tr><td>Plastics, pathogens and baby formula: What's in your shellfish?</td><td>98</td></tr><tr><td>Lead released in Notre Dame Cathedral fire detected in Parisian honey</td><td>98</td></tr><tr><td>Newer PFAS compound detected for first time in Arctic seawater</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>Exposure to environmental chemicals may disrupt sleep during menopause</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>Dingoes have gotten bigger over the last 80 years - and pesticides might be to blame</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>Coastal cities leave up to 75% of seafloor exposed to harmful light pollution</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides can protect crops from hydrophobic pollutants</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>Iowa State University scientists examine reproductive effects of glyphosate in mice</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Pesticides : la séparation de la vente et du conseil se précise</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Métaux en contact avec l'eau potable : la liste des alliages autorisés est actualisée</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Règlement européen PIC : 22 substances ajoutées à la liste des produits chimiques dangereux exportés</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Sécurité des aliments : l'Anses propose un outil de hiérarchisation des dangers chimiques et biologiques</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Études sur le glyphosate : comment rétablir la confiance dans les données scientifiques ?</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Honeybees reveal environmental pollution in their surroundings</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>Study of natural gas flaring finds high risks to babies</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>Global methane emissions soar to record high</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic allergy reporting may lead to resistance, higher costs, decreased safety</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic resistance and the need for personalized treatments</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>Bird droppings carry risk of antibiotic resistance</td><td>102</td></tr><tr><td>Research: Crop plants are taking up microplastics</td><td>102</td></tr><tr><td>105th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America: Preview and highlights</td><td>102</td></tr><tr><td>Lead fallout from Notre Dame fire was likely overlooked</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Unraveling the impact of environmental chemicals on the immune system of pregnant women and the health of their children</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Identifying sources of deadly air pollution in the United States</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Health and Behavioral Development of Beneficial Black Garden Ants Stunted by Low Levels of Pesticide Exposure in Soils</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>From Udder to Table: Toxic Pesticides Found in Conventional Milk, Not Organic Milk</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Pacte vert : comment la Commission européenne veut protéger la biodiversité après la crise sanitaire</td><td>104</td></tr><tr><td>Baromètre IBMA France « Les solutions de biocontrôle confirment leur attractivité »</td><td>104</td></tr><tr><td>Produits phytos : consultation publique pour l'interdiction dans tous les lieux de vie d'ici 2022</td><td>104</td></tr><tr><td>Présence de pesticides dans l'air : les connaissances progressent</td><td>105</td></tr><tr><td>Ventes de pesticides : une baisse attendue pour 2019</td><td>105</td></tr><tr><td>Microplastic pollution accumulates heavily in coastal areas such as fjords and estuaries</td><td>105</td></tr><tr><td>Convention citoyenne pour le climat : les mesures agricoles pourraient être adoptées par Emmanuel Macron</td><td>105</td></tr></table>
# L'expertise académique à destination des entreprises dans les domaines de l'Environnement et de la Santé

Ce texte rapporte des éléments de discussion abordés lors de la table-ronde « L'expertise académique au service des entreprises » qui s'est tenue dans le cadre de la journée de la Fondation Rovaltain du 15 novembre 2019 à Alixan. Cette table-ronde, focalisée sur l'expertise académique à destination du monde de l'entreprise, a mobilisé des intervenants des deux secteurs pour un regard croisé sur les avantages et les limitations rencontrées dans ce cadre de collaboration. Leurs propos ont été recueillis par Christian Mougin (INRAE), Delphine Delaunay (Fondation ROVALTAIN) et Tatiana Vincent (journaliste et réalisatrice).

## L'interface recherche académique/partenaires privés : une relation de confiance, une vision commune !

L'expertise scientifique est définie comme « l'expression d'une connaissance formulée en réponse à une demande de ceux qui ont une décision à prendre, en sachant que cette réponse est destinée à être intégrée à un processus de décision » (INRA, 2011 ; Roqueplo, 1997). Dans ce contexte, les connaissances scientifiques produites par la recherche académique peuvent fréquemment être valorisées dans tous les secteurs de l'activité humaine, grâce aux nombreuses interfaces avec le monde de l'industrie. Dans un modèle de type « push-pull », l'expertise académique est essentielle à ce transfert, et revêt plusieurs formes. Institutionnalisée ou collective, elle peut le plus souvent apporter un éclairage scientifique sur un sujet donné à partir de l'analyse critique et de la synthèse de la littérature scientifique internationale. L'expertise peut aussi être menée à titre individuel et, dans ce cas, met en relation un scientifique du secteur académique avec un partenaire privé, pour répondre à un besoin identifié. Du côté industriel, la vision applicative des travaux de recherche fondamentale de même que la maîtrise des étapes techniques et commerciales sont des garants de la création de valeur.

Lors de la table ronde a été précisée la place importante que devrait prendre l'expertise individuelle dans les relations entre recherche académique et partenaires privés ces prochaines années. Mener à bien tout projet entre des partenaires d'origine et de compétences diverses nécessite de rompre son isolement afin de trouver des solutions collaboratives. Le recours à une expertise académique individuelle permet la rencontre d'un domaine de connaissance approfondi et des savoir-faire industriels ou sociétaux. Elle permet une meilleure connaissance des contraintes et attentes de chacune des parties. « Il faut formuler la bonne question pour trouver la bonne solution ». Souvent, les entreprises, encapsulées dans des silos étanches identifient le problème à résoudre mais peinent à poser les bonnes questions pour le résoudre. De même les chercheurs académiques n'ont pas toujours des idées très claires sur le potentiel applicatif de leurs travaux. Aider et accompagner les entreprises pour formuler les bonnes questions et développer des réponses créatives revient à co-construire une vision commune entre recherche académique et privée. Cette co-construction ne se restreint pas aux notions de sachant/créateur ou d'apprenant-payeur, ni même à une relation client/fournisseur mais résulte d'un véritable travail coopératif pour aboutir à une solution unique et originale conduisant à l'enrichissement des deux parties.
Une avancée dans le « chemin d'innovation » s'appuie alors sur une véritable interface reposant sur l'expertise et les connaissances partagées. Il faut toutefois rappeler qu'une entreprise, plus qu'un partenaire académique, recherche un bénéfice à plus ou moins long terme et pourra retenir une partie des informations tant qu'elle n'est pas certaine de recevoir ce bénéfice. Pour régler ce problème, un accord de confidentialité peut être signé dès le début de l'expertise, ce qui est vivement conseillé, et ensuite, un contrat de recherche et de développement stipulera de manière explicite les closes de propriété intellectuelle. Malgré ces aspects contractuels, il est important d'augmenter la confiance réciproque.

## Quelle place pour une expertise académique dans le monde de l'entreprise ?

L'expertise académique trouve toute sa place lorsqu'elle permet de répondre à une question précise, ponctuelle, pour laquelle l'entreprise n'a pas forcément de moyens mobilisables en interne. Elle permet aussi d'explorer des pistes plus prospectives, par exemple en amont de la règlementation, pour anticiper si besoin ses évolutions. Lorsqu'un décalage existe entre la règlementation en vigueur ou à venir et la connaissance, par exemple des composés chimiques (substances) concernés, il est important que l'entreprise, dont le savoir-faire est au cœur de sa stratégie et donc a recours à une veille stratégique portant sur tous les champs technologiques et réglementaires, puisse être assistée sur la mise en place de la règlementation en apportant des données scientifiques à l'appui de son raisonnement. De nombreux industriels sont aujourd'hui directement concernés par l'impact de leurs activités sur l'environnement et sur la Santé et souhaitent se faire accompagner dans la mise en place de plans d'actions sur le long terme. Il n'est pas rare que l'expertise individuelle se transforme en une collaboration sur le long terme entre des industriels et des chercheurs de différents laboratoires.

L'expertise académique trouve également sa place dans le monde de l'entreprise en apportant des compétences rares. C'est ainsi souvent le cas dans le secteur médical, où la nécessité d'indépendance réduit le choix d'experts externes compétents. Un excès de prudence dans l'exercice du principe de précaution visant à éviter tout conflit d'intérêt potentiel peut ainsi amener des agences réglementaires à demander des avis à des référents situés hors de la pratique de soin, ce qui conduit à des situations absurdes, notamment lors de crises sanitaires. Là encore, il faut faire confiance aux chercheurs experts dans leur capacité à donner des avis éclairés tout en encadrant avec plus de transparence les actions des lobbys.

## Quels avantages à une implication des chercheurs académiques dans une expertise vers le secteur privé ?

Un chercheur académique est parfois amené à valoriser son expertise scientifique dans une carrière académique. Toutefois, l'intérêt d'une activité d'expertise en lien avec le monde de l'entreprise est différemment perçu selon l'ancienneté (ou l'âge de l'expert) ou le pays. En effet, lorsqu'ils deviennent experts, les scientifiques se retrouvent à travailler selon des règles et dans des contextes différents que lorsqu'ils réalisent leur activité de chercheurs académiques (Maxim et Arnold, 2012). Aujourd'hui, dans les instituts de recherches, réaliser une expertise pour des organismes à vertu réglementaire (agences gouvernementales : ANSES ; structures de normalisation : AFNOR) est reconnu par les instances d'évaluation. Faire partie d'un groupe de travail ou d'expertise au niveau national ou international apparaît prestigieux et valorise un parcours scientifique. Cette reconnaissance est beaucoup moins vraie, lorsqu'on parle d'expertise scientifique académique envers les entreprises du secteur privé. Au Québec, l'expérience d'expert académique est considérée comme un service à la collectivité et elle est comptabilisée ainsi dans les évaluations professorales. Cela fait partie intégrante du cursus académique. Contrairement à beaucoup de pays européens, les
pays nord-américains ont complètement intégré la valeur et l'importance de la contribution de l'expertise scientifique des chercheurs académiques au développement industriel.

Par ailleurs, les bénéfices perçus sont réciproques. Il ne faut pas oublier que ce type d'expertise permet au chercheur académique de se confronter aux préoccupations du monde socio-économique, et de « sortir de sa tour d'ivoire ». Cette expérience parfois déstabilisante mais enrichissante est alors un atout qui peut et doit être transféré vers les étudiants en formation, qui peuvent ainsi constater des retombées finalisées des travaux académiques. Les liens tissés avec l'industriel peuvent, dans un second temps, être pérennisés et conduire à des projets scientifiques plus conséquents qui peuvent être l'occasion de mettre en place de bourses de thèse CIFRE. Ces collaborations outrepassent les frontières entre les secteurs académique et privé et facilitent les transitions d'un secteur à l'autre pour les jeunes diplômés. Comme la recherche privée, la recherche académique est tenue d'innover. Le financement de l'innovation peut également passer par un partenariat avec le secteur privé.

Malgré tout, si certains outils scientifiques, par exemple regroupés dans des Infrastructures de Recherche (nationales et internationales) sont par définition ouvert à des partenariats avec le secteur privé, il faut toutefois faire attention à ne pas limiter la recherche académique à des programmes de recherche avec le secteur privé, celle-ci doit rester en capacité de travailler de façon libre, autonome, et posséder ses propres voies de recherche. Des activités de recherche financées sans contrepartie (mécénat) peuvent être envisagées lorsque l'argent public fait défaut mais les partenariats scientifiques ou une activité de co-création doivent systématiquement être préférés, notamment aux contrats de prestations de services. Les indicateurs les plus fiables de l'activité de co-création sont le pourcentage de co-propriété des brevets ou la co-signature des articles scientifiques éventuels.

## Quelles limites à une implication du monde académique dans une expertise vers le secteur privé ?

Pour de multiples raisons, la culture scientifique de la société (française) reste souvent assez faible, étant cantonnée dans les « sphères de sachant » du secteur académique et privé. La connaissance percole peu ou mal vers les différentes composantes de la société (citoyens, élèves, politiques...). De nombreux médias, en recherche de scoop, les « fake news » et thèses complotistes sur les réseaux sociaux, les choix « stratégiques » faits par le pouvoir politique, trop souvent en mode de gestion de crise, peuvent être des freins à une implication du secteur académique hors de sa sphère habituelle. (Note : quelques mois après la tenue de cette table ronde, la crise du Covid-19 a montré la réalité de cette situation). Le mélange des deux cultures, académique et privée, trouve aussi des limites en raison du positionnement suspicieux de la société envers les chercheurs académiques, dès lorsqu'ils interagissent avec une société privée. Ce partenariat génère souvent une suspicion de perte d'indépendance, voire de conflit d'intérêt, qui se traduit par une perte de confiance et de considération...) qui peut être relayée par les pairs. A l'inverse, en Allemagne, ou aux USA, il est possible de travailler comme expert pour des industriels sans que son intégrité soit remise en question. Comme nous l'avons vu plus haut, l'excès d'usage du principe de précaution peut conduire à un véritable problème de disponibilité des experts compétents dits « indépendants » dans l'évaluation d'un projet de partenariat par des autorités.

En outre, ce partenariat conduit à titre individuel peut générer des freins à communication et publication scientifique (clauses de confidentialité, embargos sur les données), ce qui peut poser des problèmes non seulement pour la carrière des scientifiques mais aussi (et surtout) pour celle des étudiants impliqués (doctorants et post-doctorants) qui ont besoin de publier rapidement pour étoffer leur CV afin d'être en mesure d'embrasser une carrière scientifique.
## Quel rôle pour la Fondation ROVALTAIN dans la construction de l'interface recherche académique/partenaires privés ?

Une tierce structure comme la Fondation Rovaltain en écotoxicologie/toxicologie peut intervenir comme catalyseur pour réduire les barrières d'énergie (souvent culturelles) dans le partenariat recherche académique/secteur privé pour conduire l'évaluation du risque a priori et a posteriori de différentes activités anthropiques sur la santé de l'environnement et de l'Homme. En se positionnant comme pilote de réseau, facilitateur et guichet unique, et par sa connaissance du monde académique et du secteur privé, elle peut aider à la définition des problématiques de l'entreprise, faciliter la communication entre les acteurs, proposer les experts les plus pertinents, contribuer à mobiliser des financements et proposer des incubateurs qui vont accélérer le processus d'interaction. Elle peut également contribuer à l'accompagnement administratif des dossiers.

## Participants à la table ronde

- Vera Slaveykova (Professeure, Université de Genève, Suisse)

- Peter Campbell (Professeur, INRS, Québec)

- Michel Couderchet (Professeur, Université de Reims, France)

- Patrice Denèfle (Ancien Directeur Général de l'Institut Roche, Adjunct-Professor à Paris Descartes et ParisTech et Senior Advisor chez Links-Consulting Europe, France)

- Fabrice Martin-Laurent (Directeur de Recherche, INRAE, France)

- Philippe Rolland (Responsable IMDS et substances, Renault Automobiles, France)

- Modérateur de la table ronde : Christian Mougin (Directeur de Recherche, INRAE, France)

## Contacts

- Christian Mougin, INRAE

- Delphine Delaunay, Fondation ROVALTAIN

- Tatiana Vincent, journaliste et réalisatrice

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

FONDATION
ROVALTAIN
SCIENCE & ÉQUILIBRE

## Bibliographie

- INRA. 2011. Charte INRA de l'Expertise Scientifique Institutionnelle. https://www.inrae.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/885e2467ea09c7f4ee05f928003d3c51.pdf

- Maxim L. et Arnold G. 2012. Entre recherche académique et expertise scientifique : des mondes de chercheurs. Hermès, La Revue 2012/3 (64), 9-13.

- Roqueplo P. 1997. Entre savoir et décision, l'expertise scientifique. Collection Sciences en Question, Editions Quae, 112 pages, EAN13 9782738007131
ERA / PUBLICATIONS

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MICROBIENNES

AQUATIQUES

# Advances in characterizing microbial community change and resistance upon exposure to lead contamination: Implications for ecological risk assessment

**Authors:** George SE, Wan YS

**Source:** CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 50:2223-2270, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2019.1698260

**Abstract:** Recent advancement in molecular techniques has spurred numerous studies on responses of microorganisms to lead exposure, leveraging detailed phylogenetic analyses and functional gene identification to discern the effects of lead toxicity on microbial communities. A comprehensive review of recent research is provided on (1) lead resistance mechanisms of microorganisms; (2) microbial community changes in contaminated aquatic sediments and terrestrial soils; and (3) lead resistance genes applied to lead biosensor development. Ample evidence in the literature, including both in vitro and in situ studies, indicates that exposure to lead inhibits microbial activities (such as respiration and metabolism), reduces biomass and alters microbial community structure. Even at sites where microbial communities do not vary compositionally with contaminant levels, functional differences between microbial communities are evident. The main mechanisms of lead resistance involve extracellular and intracellular biosorption, precipitation, complexation, and/or efflux pumps. The suites of genes associated with lead resistance mechanisms can serve, when considered with phylogenetic information, as indicators of lead contamination. This holds

potential for development of next generation lead biosensors. To promote applications of advanced knowledge, molecular techniques, and lead biosensor technology, perspectives on using microbial indicators for site ecological assessment are presented.

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## Polystyrene nanoplastics cause growth inhibition, morphological damage and physiological disturbance in the marine microalga *Platymonas helgolandica*

**Authors:** Wang SY, Liu MH, Wang JM, Huang JS, Wang J

**Source:** MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 158:111403, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111403

**Abstract:** Effects of nanoplastics at low level on the marine primary producer are largely unclear. To assess the potential risk of nanoplastic pollution, this study exposed marine green microalgae *Platymonas helgolandica* to 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L 70-nm polystyrene nanoplastics for 6 days. Nanoplastics significantly inhibited the growth of *P. helgolandica* during the first 4 days of exposure, and elevated heterocyst frequency was observed in 200 and 2000 µg/L exposure groups in the early exposure stage. Exposure to 200 and 2000 µg/L nanoplastics for 4 days increased the membrane permeability and mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased light energy used in photochemical processes of microalgae. Moreover, clear morphological changes, including surface folds, fragmentation, aggregation cluster, and rupture, in the microalgae exposed to nanoplastics were observed under scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. These results demonstrate that nanoplastics could reduce the microalgal vitality by the damage on cell morphology and organelle function.

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## Effects of humic acids on biotoxicity of tetracycline to microalgae *Coelastrella* sp.

**Authors:** Tong MY, Li X, Luo Q, Yang CP, Lou W, Liu HY, Du C, Nie LJ, Zhong YY

**Source:** ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 50:101962, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101962

**Abstract:** The release of antibiotics into aquatic environments would induce adverse effects on organisms, so the environmental impact and fate of antibiotics must be paid close attention. In this paper, the effects of tetracycline on the growth of microalgae *Coelastrella* sp. in the presence of humic acids were investigated at various tetracycline concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg/L in Blue-Green medium, and the underlying mechanisms were also discussed. Results revealed that the microalgae growth showed a hormesis dose-response phenomenon under tetracycline stress with stimulation at low levels (> 2 mg/L) while inhibition at higher levels (2 mg/L). More importantly, tetracycline biotoxicity to *Coelastrella* sp. decreased significantly due to the increase in humic acids concentration, as evidenced by the increased biomass, chlorophyll-a and total proteins contents, as well as the reduced oxidative stress response in *Coelastrella* sp. cells. The strong complexation between tetracycline and humic acids was responsible for the reduced tetracycline biotoxicity. These findings are helpful for better understanding the environmental risk of antibiotics in eutrophic waters.

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## Correlating the influence of biochemical parameters in environment with pesticide tolerance of non-target algae

**Authors:** Chanu NK, Mandal MK, Chaurasia N

**Source:** BIOLOGIA: Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00568-x

**Abstract:** The present study demonstrates that the environment play a vital role in the development of tolerance in the local algal isolates towards alpha-cypermethrin. The

isolates collected from rice fields (*Scenedesmus ecornis* NC-M9 and Tetradesmus dimorphus NC-K2) showed significantly higher tolerance than the isolates collected from freshwater bodies far from the rice fields. Also, significant reduction in Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was noticed in *S. ecornis* NC-M9 after fourth and seventh day exposure to alpha-cypermethrin compared to first day exposure. However, the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) contents of *S. ecornis* NC-M9 enhanced at 4th and 7th day exposure to alpha-cypermethrin compared to 1st day exposure. Further, biochemical studies of all isolates show that *Graesiella emersonii* NC-M1 (the isolate from freshwater bodies near to rice field) possesses higher contents of Chlorophylla (Chla), carotenoid and lipid (5.59 ± 0.36 mg/L, 2.5 ± 0.024 mg/L and 28 ± 2.5% Dry Cell Weight (DCW), respectively) compared to other. This variation in biochemical parameters present in different field areas as collected and tested could be further used as potential substrates for production of bioactive compounds which have many health and environmental benefits.

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## Nanosilver impacts on aquatic microbial decomposers and litter decomposition assessed as pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT)

**Authors:** Batista D, Tlili A, Gessner MO, Pascoal C, Cassio F

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO 7:2130-2139, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0en00375a

**Abstract:** The growing proliferation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) calls for detailed information on ecotoxicological effects, particularly on diverse communities and key ecosystem processes where impacts remain poorly known. This includes the decomposition of plant litter by fungi and bacteria in streams. Impacts are likely to depend on community composition, because species vary in their sensitivities to stressors. Therefore, our goal was to determine if shifts in microbial communities triggered by chronic exposure to low concentrations of nano (< 200 µg/L) and ionic (20 µg/L) silver increase community tolerance to
these contaminants, as described in the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) concept. We used stream microbial decomposers associated with leaf litter in microcosms to assess the applicability of this concept by determining tolerance acquisition towards AgNP and ionic Ag in short-term inhibition assays. Endpoints included fungal sporulation, bacterial production, microbial respiration and the potential activity of a protein-degrading enzyme, leucine aminopeptidase. Analyses of microbial communities showed that chronic exposure to the highest AgNP concentrations led to similar communities, and that these were distinct from the control communities. Most important, chronic exposure of fungi and bacteria to both AgNP and ionic Ag also increased tolerance of the microbes, as revealed by notably reduced adverse effects on bacterial production. Overall, our results demonstrate the usefulness of applying the PICT concept to litter decomposers and decomposition as an approach to assess the risks posed by nano and ionic silver to freshwater ecosystems.

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## Impacts of chemical contamination on bacteriophytoplankton coupling

**Authors:** Pringault O, Bouvy M, Carre C, Fouilland E, Meddeb M, Mejri K, Leboulanger C, Hlaili AS

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 257:127165, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127165

**Abstract:** Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton are the key components of the organic matter cycle in aquatic ecosystems, and their interactions can impact the transfer of carbon and ecosystem functioning. The aim of this work was to assess the consequences of chemical contamination on the coupling between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in two contrasting marine coastal ecosystems: lagoon waters and offshore waters. Bacterial carbon demand was sustained by primary carbon production in the offshore situation, suggesting a tight coupling between both compartments. In contrast, in lagoon waters, due to a higher nutrient and organic matter availability, bacteria could rely on allochthonous carbon sources to sustain their carbon requirements, decreasing so

the coupling between both compartments. Exposure to chemical contaminants, pesticides and metal trace elements, resulted in a significant inhibition of the metabolic activities (primary production and bacterial carbon demand) involved in the carbon cycle, especially in offshore waters during spring and fall, inducing a significant decrease of the coupling between primary producers and heterotrophs. This coupling loss was even more evident upon sediment resuspension for both ecosystems due to the important release of nutrients and organic matter. Resulting enrichment alleviated the toxic effects of contaminants as indicated by the stimulation of phytoplankton biomass and carbon production, and modified the composition of the phytoplankton community, impacting so the interactions between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton.

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## The use of epilithic biofilms as bioaccumulators of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments

**Authors:** Fernandes G, Bastos MC, de Vargas JPR, Le Guet T, Clasen B, dos Santos DR

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY: Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02259-4

**Abstract:** Biofilms are a consortium of communities of organisms that live in syntrophic relationships and present a higher organization level than that of individual cells. Biofilms dominate microbial life in streams and rivers, enable crucial ecosystem processes, contribute to global biogeochemical flows and represent the main active bacterial life form. Epilithic biofilms are the main biomass found in rivers; their exposure to contaminants can lead to changes in their structure and composition. The composition of these communities is influenced by physicochemical factors, temperature, light and prior exposure to pollutants, among other factors, and it can be used for water quality monitoring purposes. The heterogenous composition of biofilms enables them to accumulate compounds in an integrative manner. Moreover, the availability of several sorption sites and their likely saturation can contribute to
bioaccumulation. In aquatic environments, biofilms are also susceptible to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and participate in their dissemination. Anthropic pressure intensification processes continuously expose water resources and, consequently, biofilm communities to different contamination sources. Therefore, the use of biofilms to indicate environmental pollution is reinforced by the progress of studies on the subject. Biofilm communities' response to pollutants in aquatic environments can be mainly influenced by the presence of different organisms, which may change due to community development or age. The current research aims to review studies about biofilm contamination and highlight the importance of biofilm use to better evaluate and maintain the quality of water bodies.

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## Aquatic toxicity and mode of action of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles in four microalgae species

**Authors:** Pikula K, Mintcheva N, Kulinich SA, Zakharenko A, Markina Z, Chaika V, Orlova T, Mezhuev Y, Kokkinakis E, Tsatsakis A, Golokhvast K

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 186:109513, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109513

**Abstract:** This study reports the differences in toxic action between cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by recently developed xanthate-mediated method. The aquatic toxicity of the synthesized NPs on four marine microalgae species was explored. Growth rate, esterase activity, membrane potential, and morphological changes of microalgae cells were evaluated using flow cytometry and optical microscopy. CdS and ZnS NPs demonstrated similar level of general toxicity and growth-rate inhibition to all used microalgae species, except the red algae P. purpureum. More specifically, CdS NPs caused higher inhibition of growth rate for *C. muelleri* and *P. purpureum*, while ZnS NPs were more toxic for *A. ussuriensis* and *H. akashiwo* species. Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of different microalgae species to CdS and ZnS NPs depends on the chemical composition of NPs and their ability to interact with the components of

microalgal cell-wall. The red microalga was highly resistant to ZnS NPs most likely due to the presence of phycoerythrin proteins in the outer membrane bound Zn2+ cations defending their cells from further toxic influence. The treatment with CdS NPs caused morphological changes and biochemical disorder in all tested microalgae species. The toxicity of CdS NPs is based on their higher photoactivity under visible light irradiation and lower dissociation in water, which allows them to generate more reactive oxygen species and create a higher risk of oxidative stress to aquatic organisms. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the parameters affecting the aquatic toxicity of semiconductor NPs and provide a basis for further investigations.

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## Microalgal ecotoxicity of nanoparticles: An updated review

**Authors:** Nguyen MK, Moon JY, Lee YC

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 201:110781, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecenv.2020.110781

**Abstract:** Nowadays, nanotechnology and its related industries are becoming a rapidly explosive industry that offers many benefits to human life. However, along with the increased production and use of nanoparticles (NPs), their presence in the environment creates a high risk of increasing toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Therefore, a large number of studies focusing on the toxicity of these NPs to the aquatic organisms are carried out which used algal species as a common biological model. In this review, the influences of the physio-chemical properties of NPs and the response mechanisms of the algae on the toxicity of the NPs were discussed focusing on the "assay" studies. Besides, the specific algal toxicities of each type of NPs along with the NP-induced changes in algal cells of these NPs are also assessed. Almost all commonly-used NPs exhibit algal toxicity. Although the algae have similarities in the symptoms under NP exposure, the sensitivity and variability of each algae species to the inherent properties of each NPs are quite different. They depend strongly on the concentration, size, characteristics of NPs, and biochemical nature of
algae. Through the assessment, the review identifies several gaps that need to be further studied to make an explicit understanding. The findings in the majority of studies are mostly in laboratory conditions and there are still uncertainties and contradictory/inconsistent results about the behavioral effects of NPs under field conditions. Besides, there remains unsureness about NP-uptake pathways of microalgae. Finally, the toxicity mechanisms of NPs need to be thoughtfully understood which is essential in risk assessment.

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## Primary production of freshwater microbial communities is affected by a cocktail of herbicides in an outdoor experiment

**Authors:** Lozano VL, Dohle SA, Vera MS, Torremorell A, Pizarro HN

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 201:110821, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110821

**Abstract:** Primary production (PP) is a key variable to evaluate the quality of the ecological services provided by freshwater bodies because it gives information on the amount of oxygen and organic matter incorporated into the system. We analysed the impact of a mixture of commercial formulations of glyphosate- and 2,4-D-based herbicides (Roundup Max (R) and AsiMax 50 (R), respectively) on freshwater primary production. Primary production was studied through the oxygen exchange method. Four measurements were made during a 23-day experiment in outdoor mesocosms using the light and dark bottle method. High and low concentrations of the active ingredients were assayed to evaluate a concentration-dependent effect. Our results indicated that the mixture of Roundup Max (R) and AsiMax 50 (R) acted mostly additively on gross and net primary production. Moreover, we found a concentration-dependent effect of each herbicide on PP. Thus, AsiMax 50 (R) at low and Roundup Max (R) at high concentration induced a significant early decrease in respiration and gross primary production 4 h after application, attributable to physiological responses. Besides, significant increases in primary production were

simultaneously recorded with increases in chlorophyll a concentration and micro + nano- phytoplankton abundance 7 days after the application of Roundup Max (R) at high concentration. This study contributes to the knowledge of the impact of widely used herbicides on freshwater ecosystems.

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## Transcriptomic analysis suggests the inhibition of DNA damage repair in green alga *Raphidocelis subcapitata* exposed to roxithromycin

**Authors:** Guo JH, Bai Y, Chen Z, Mo JZ, Li Q, Sun HT, Zhang Q

**Source:** Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110737

**Abstract:** Macrolide antibiotics are common contaminants in the aquatic environment. They are toxic to a wide range of primary producers, inhibiting the algal growth and further hindering the delivery of several ecosystem services. Yet the molecular mechanisms of macrolides in algae remain undetermined. The objectives of this study were therefore to: 1. evaluate whether macrolides at the environmentally relevant level inhibit the growth of algae; and 2. test the hypothesis that macrolides bind to ribosome and inhibit protein translocation in algae, as it does in bacteria. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to elucidate the toxicological mechanism in a model green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata treated with 5 and 90 µg L-1 of a typical macrolide roxithromycin (ROX). While exposure to ROX at 5 µg L-1 for 7 days did not affect algal growth and the transcriptome, ROX at 90 µg L-1 resulted in 45% growth inhibition and 2306 (983 up- and 1323 down-regulated) DEGs, which were primarily enriched in the metabolism of energy, lipid, vitamins, and DNA replication and repair pathways. Nevertheless, genes involved in pathways in relation to translation and protein translocation and processing were dysregulated. Surprisingly, we found that genes involved in the base excision repair process were mostly repressed, suggesting that ROX may be genotoxic and cause DNA damage in R. subcapitata. Taken together, ROX was unlikely to pose a threat to green algae in the environment and the mode of action of macrolides in bacteria
may not be directly extrapolated to green algae.
[Accès au document](#)

# Caffeine reduces the toxicity of albendazole and carbamazepine to the microalgae *Raphidocelis subcapitata* (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta)

**Authors:** Diniz V, Reyes GM, Rath S, Cunha DGF

**Source:** INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.1002/iroh.201902024

**Abstract:** Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are emerging contaminants that have been widely detected in water bodies in the last decades, with ecological effects toward aquatic biota that have not been fully elucidated. Most studies concerning their toxicity to microalgae have only considered short-term individual PhAC exposure, rather than combined exposure to several compounds for longer time periods. In this study, we investigated the effects of albendazole (ABZ) (anthelmintic) and carbamazepine (antiepileptic), alone and in combination with caffeine, on the growth and production of chlorophyll-a of the microalgae *Raphidocelis subcapitata*, during 16 days of exposure. ABZ alone had a more significant effect than carbamazepine alone on the growth rate and maximum cell density of the microalgae (p < 0.05; analysis of variance). These results were probably related to the effect of ABZ in inhibiting enzyme complexes and cell membrane proteins related to adenosine triphosphate synthesis, which is important for cell growth. The presence of caffeine lowered the toxicities of ABZ and carbamazepine to the microalgae, probably due to its antioxidant properties, positively affecting chlorophyll-a production, growth rate, and maximum cell density. Thus, caffeine had an antagonistic interaction with the studied PhACs. The results reinforce the importance of ecotoxicological assays that compare individual and combined PhAC exposure conditions. Our findings highlighted that caffeine can be a relevant factor influencing such assays, considering its widespread occurrence in impacted water bodies.

[Accès au document](#)

# Physiological and morphological response of marine diatom *Cylindrotheca closterium* (Bacillariophyceae) exposed to cadmium

**Authors:** Radic TM, Cackovic A, Penezic A, Dautovic J, Loncar J, Omanovic D, Juraic K, Ljubesic Z

**Source:** EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2020.1758347

**Abstract:** The impact of the heavy metal cadmium on the lightly silicified marine diatom *Cylindrotheca closterium* was studied with regard to growth dynamics, organic matter production and morphological characteristics. *C. closterium* cultures were able to sustain positive growth in the tested range of 0-1000 µg Cd l⁻¹ with a significant decrease in specific growth rate in the exponential growth phase at the highest tested Cd concentration. The concentrations of both dissolved (DOCcell) and particulate organic carbon per cell (POCcell) in *C. closterium* cultures exposed to 500 and 1000 µg l⁻¹ Cd more than doubled compared with the control culture. Enhanced organic matter production as a feedback response to Cd exposure may thus contribute to cell detoxification, supported by the electrochemical data showing that Cd was not significantly accumulated by or associated with diatom cells except for the culture exposed to 1000 µg Cd l⁻¹. In order to gain more insight into the effects of cadmium on diatom morphological features, the cell surface of *C. closterium* was characterized at the nanoscale on a single cell level using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Changes induced by Cd were observed as irregular patterns of silica spheres on more silicified parts of the cell, girdle band and around the raphe. These changes clearly show that beside the physiological response, *C. closterium* also showed a morphological response which is probably due to the interference of Cd with the diatom biosilification process. This study overall contributes to better understanding of the effects of cadmium on diatoms and shows that
morphological characteristics assessed by AFM
may be a valuable indicator for metal
contamination.

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Influence of Temperature
and Nickel on Algal Biofilm
Fatty Acid Composition

Authors: Fadhlaoui M, Laderriere V, Lavoie I, Fortin C

Source: ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY: Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.1002/etc.4741

**Abstract:** Freshwater biofilms play an important role in aquatic ecosystems and are widely used to evaluate environmental conditions. Little is known about the effects of temperature and metals on biofilm fatty acid composition. In the present study, we exposed a natural biofilm cultured in mesocosms to a gradient of nickel (Ni) concentrations at 15 and 21 degrees C for 28 d. Metal bioaccumulation, algal taxonomic composition, and biofilm fatty acid profiles were determined. At both temperatures, bioaccumulated Ni increased with Ni exposure concentration and reached the highest values at 25 µM Ni, followed by a decrease at 55 and 105 µM Ni. In control biofilms, palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n7), oleic acid (18:1n9), linoleic acid (18:2n6), and linolenic acid (18:3n3) were the dominant fatty acids at 15 and 21 degrees C. This composition suggests a dominance of cyanobacteria and green algae, which was subsequently confirmed by microscopic observations. The increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, which is considered to be an adaptive response to temperature variation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) tended to decrease along the Ni gradient, as opposed to saturated fatty acids which increased with Ni concentrations. Temperature and Ni affected differently the estimated desaturase and elongase activities (product/precursor ratios). The increase in PUFAs at 15 degrees C was concomitant to an increase in Delta 9-desaturase (D9D). The estimated activities of D9D, Delta 12-desaturase, and Delta 15-desaturase decreased along the Ni gradient and reflected a decline in PUFAs. The elevated estimated elongase activity reflected

the observed increase in saturated fatty acids at
the highest Ni exposure concentration (105 µM).
Our results suggest that fatty acids could be used
as an endpoint to evaluate environmental
perturbations.

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Polystyrene microplastics
decrease accumulation of
essential fatty acids in
common freshwater algae

Authors: Guschina IA, Hayes AJ, Ormerod SJ

Source: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
263:114425, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114425

**Abstract:** Despite growing concern about the occurrence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems there is only rudimentary understanding of the pathways through which any adverse effects might occur. Here, we assess the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs; &#60;70 mu m) on a common and widespread algal species, *Chlorella sorokiniana*. We used laboratory exposure to test the hypothesis that the lipids and fatty acids (FAs) are important molecules in the response reactions of algae to this pollutant. Cultivation with PS-MPs systematically reduced the concentration of essential linoleic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3) in *C. sorokiniana*, concomitantly increasing oleic acid (C18:1n-9). Among the storage triacylglycerols, palmitoleic and oleic acids increased at the expenses of two essential fatty acids, linoleic (LIN, C18:2n-6) and ALA, while PS-MPs had even more pronounced effects on the fatty acid and hydrocarbon composition of waxes and steryl esters. The FA composition of two major chloroplast galactolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), were affected implying changes in the conformational structure of photosynthetic complexes in ways that can impair the photosynthesis. These data reveal how exposure to polystyrene microplastics can modify the concentrations of lipid molecules that are important intrinsically in cell membranes, and hence the lipid bilayers that could form an important barrier between algal cellular compartments and plastics in the aquatic environment. Changes in lipid synthesis and fatty acid composition in algae could also have
repercussions for food quality, growth and stressor resistance in primary consumers. We advocate further studies of microplastics effects on the lipid composition of primary producers, and of their potential propagation through aquatic food webs.

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# The influence of nanoplastics on the toxic effects, bioaccumulation, biodegradation and enantioselectivity of ibuprofen in freshwater algae *Chlorella pyrenoidosa*

**Authors:** Wang F, Wang B, Qu H, Zhao WX, Duan L, Zhang YZ, Zhou YT, Yu G

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 263:114593, 2020, DOI:

10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114593

**Abstract:** Plastic pollution has become a pressing issue due to its persistence in the environment. Smaller plastics are more easily ingested, potentially exerting greater influences on organisms. In this study, the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (NP) on the toxic effects, bioaccumulation, biodegradation and enantioselectivity of ibuprofen (IBU) in algae *Chlorella pyrenoidosa* were explored. The influences on the growth rate, chlorophyll a, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were evaluated after 96 h of exposure to a combination of polystyrene NP (1 mg L-1) and IBU (5-100 mg L-1). The results indicated that the inhibitory effect of IBU on *C. pyrenoidosa* growth was alleviated in the presence of NP. For instance, the 96 h-IC50 value for rac-IBU in the treatment lacking NP was 45.7 mg L-1, and the corresponding value in the treatment containing NP was 63.9 mg L-1. The co-exposure of NP led to a significant enhancement of T-AOC and slight reduction of ROS and MDA compared with the individual exposure (IBU) group, suggesting a decreased oxidative stress. In addition, treatment with NP led to a decreased bioaccumulation and accelerated biodegradation of IBU in *C. pyrenoidosa* and enhanced removal in the medium. The enantioselective toxicity,

bioaccumulation and biodegradation of IBU were observed both in the absence and presence of NP. S-IBU exhibited a greater toxicity, and R-IBU was preferentially accumulated and degraded in C. pyrenoidosa. No interconversion of the two enantiomers occurred regardless of the presence of NP. This consequence implied that the influence of coexistent NP should be considered in the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments.

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# Effect of norfloxacin on algae-cladoceran grazer-larval damselfly food chains: Algal morphology-mediated trophic cascades

**Authors:** Wan LL, Long YY, Hui J, Zhang H, Hou ZY, Tan JX, Pan Y, Sun SC

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 256:127166, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127166

**Abstract:** Antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) has recently been demonstrated to affect the swimming behavior of zooplankton species and phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions, which may further affect trophic cascades. To test this hypothesis, two food chains (*Scenedesmus quadricauda*-Daphnia magna-larval damselfly and *Chlorella vulgaris*-D. magna-larval damselfly) were used to examine the effect of NOR concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, and 25 mg L-1) on trophic cascades. In the absence of NOR, larval damselflies reduced grazer density and increased algal density, regardless of algal species. In the presence of NOR, increasing NOR concentration strengthened the positive effect of larval damselflies on the growth of *C. vulgaris* because larval damselflies suppressed grazer density more efficiently resulting from reduced swimming ability in the grazers. Conversely, increasing NOR concentration reduced the positive effect on the growth of *S. quadricauda* due to inhibited grazer-induced colony formation in *S. quadricauda*. Therefore, exposure to NOR altered the direction and strength of trophic cascades and showed species-specific differences, depending on algal morphology-mediated indirect interactions. These findings provide novel insights into how NOR affects
aquatic food chains and reveal the importance of
algal traits in determining trophic cascades.

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Effects of carbon nanotubes
on the toxicities of copper,
cadmium and zinc toward the
freshwater microalgae
*Scenedesmus obliquus*

**Authors:** Sun C, Li W, Xu YF, Hu NT, Ma J, Cao WX, Sun SQ, Hu CW, Zhao YJ, Huang QG

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 224:105504, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105504

**Abstract:** Due to their unique structure and properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) released into the aquatic environment can potentially influence the behavior of other coexisting pollutants, thereby altering their toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this study, the toxicities of multi-walled CNTs and three heavy metals, copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) were determined individually. Following this, CNTs with low concentrations (1 and 5 mg/L) were co-exposed with Cu, Cd or Zn to the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus, to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of CNTs on metal toxicity. Results showed that CNTs, especially at a concentration of 5 mg/L, promoted algae growth and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency via increasing exciton trap efficiency and quantum yield for electron transport. Introduction of CNTs appeared to alleviate the adverse effects of Cu, Cd or Zn on microalgae, indicated by algae growth, total chlorophyll content and photosynthetic indices. However, these effects differed greatly for different metals, depending on both the toxicity of each metal and the exposure period (4 day and 8 day). Enhancement of photosynthesis and interference of metal uptake by CNTs, have a crucial role in the effects of CNTs on metal toxicity.

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Multiple Stressors Determine
Community Structure and
Estimated Function of River
Biofilm Bacteria

Authors: Romero F, Acuna V, Sabater S

**Source:** APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 86:e00291-20, 2020, DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00291-20

**Abstract:** Freshwater ecosystems are exposed to multiple stressors, but their individual and combined effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the response of stream biofilm bacterial communities to warming, hydrological stress, and pesticide exposure. We used 24 artificial streams on which epilithic (growing on coarse sediments) and epipsammic (growing on fine sediments) stream biofilms were maintained. Bacterial community composition and estimated function of biofilms exposed during 30 days to individual and combined stressors were assessed using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Among the individual effects by stressors, hydrological stress (i.e., a simulated low-flow situation) was the most relevant, since it significantly altered 57% of the most abundant bacterial taxa (n = 28), followed by warming (21%) and pesticide exposure (11%). Regarding the combined effects, 16% of all stressor combinations resulted in significant interactions on bacterial community composition and estimated function. Antagonistic responses prevailed (57 to 89% of all significant interactions), followed by synergisms (11 to 43%), on specific bacterial taxa, indicating that multiple-stressor scenarios could lead to unexpected shifts in the community composition and associated functions of riverine bacterial communities.

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Inclusion of seasonal
variation in river system
microbial communities and
phototroph activity increases
## environmental relevance of laboratory chemical persistence tests

**Authors:** Southwell RV, Hilton SL, Pearson JM, Hand LH, Bending GD

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
733:139070, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139070

**Abstract:** Regulatory tests assess crop protection product environmental fate and toxicity before approval for commercial use. Although globally applied laboratory tests can assess biodegradation, they lack environmental complexity. Microbial communities are subject to temporal and spatial variation, but there is little consideration of these microbial dynamics in the laboratory. Here, we investigated seasonal variation in the microbial composition of water and sediment from a UK river across a two-year time course and determined its effect on the outcome of water-sediment (OECD308) and water-only (OECD309) biodegradation tests, using the fungicide isopyrazam. These OECD tests are performed under dark conditions, so test systems incubated under non-UV light:dark cycles were also included to determine the impact on both inoculum characteristics and biodegradation. Isopyrazam degradation was faster when incubated under non-UV light at all collection times in water-sediment microcosms, suggesting that phototrophic communities can metabolise isopyrazam throughout the year. Degradation rate varied seasonally between inoculum collection times only in microcosms incubated in the light, but isopyrazam mineralisation to 14CO2 varied seasonally under both light and dark conditions, suggesting that heterotrophic communities may also play a role in degradation. Bacterial and phototroph communities varied across time, but there was no clear link between water or sediment microbial composition and variation in degradation rate. During the test period, inoculum microbial community composition changed, particularly in non-UV light incubated microcosms. Overall, we show that regulatory test outcome is not influenced by temporal variation in microbial community structure; however, biodegradation rates from higher tier studies with improved environmental realism, e.g. through addition of non-UV light, may be more variable. These data suggest that standardised OECD tests can provide a

conservative estimate of pesticide persistence end points and that additional tests including non-UV light could help bridge the gap between standard tests and field studies.

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## Characteristics of spatial and seasonal bacterial community structures in a river under anthropogenic disturbances

**Authors:** Ouyang L, Chen HR, Liu XY, Wong MH, Xu FF, Yang XW, Xu W, Zeng QH, Wang WM, Li SF

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
264:114818, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114818

**Abstract:** In this study, the seasonal characteristics of microbial community compositions at different sites in a river under anthropogenic disturbances (Maozhou River) were analyzed using Illumina HiSeq sequencing. Taxonomic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in all sites, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes. The variations of the community diversities and compositions between the seasons were not significant. However, significant differences between sites as well as water and sediment samples were observed. These results indicated that sites under different levels of anthropogenic disturbances have selected distinct bacterial communities. pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and heavy metals were the main factors that influence the diversity and the composition of bacterial community. Specifically, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was negatively correlated with pH and DO and positively correlated with TN, while Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, positive correlations between the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the concentration of heavy metals were also found. Results of functional prediction analysis showed no significant differences of the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism across the sites and seasons. Potential pathogens such as Vibrio, Arcobacter, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were found in these samples, which may pose potential risks for environment and human health. This study reveals the effect of
anthropogenic activities on the riverine bacterial community compositions and provides new insights into the relationships between the environmental factors and the bacterial community distributions in a freshwater ecosystem under anthropogenic disturbances.

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## Sulfonamides-induced oxidative stress in freshwater microalga *Chlorella vulgaris*: Evaluation of growth, photosynthesis, antioxidants, ultrastructure, and nucleic acids

**Authors:** Chen S, Wang LQ, Feng WB, Yuan MZ, Li JY, Xu HT, Zheng XY, Zhang W

**Source:** SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 10, 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65219-2

**Abstract:** Sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SM1), and sulfamethazine (SM2) are widely used and disorderly discharged into surface water, causing contamination of lakes and rivers. However, microalgae are regarded as a potential resource to alleviate and degrade antibiotic pollution. The physiological changes of *Chlorella vulgaris* in the presence of three sulfonamides (SAs) with varying numbers of -CH3 groups and its SA-removal efficiency were investigated following a 7-day exposure experiment. Our results showed that the growth inhibitory effect of SD (7.9-22.6%), SM1 (7.2-45.9%), and SM2 (10.3-44%) resulted in increased proteins and decreased soluble sugars. Oxidative stress caused an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels but decreased catalase level. The antioxidant responses were insufficient to cope-up with reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion) levels and prevent oxidative damage (malondialdehyde level). The ultrastructure and DNA of SA-treated algal cells were affected, as evident from the considerable changes in the cell wall, chloroplast, and mitochondrion, and DNA migration. C. vulgaris-mediated was able to remove up to 29% of SD, 16% of SM1, and 15% of SM2. Our results suggest that certain concentrations of specific antibiotics may induce algal growth, and algal-mediated biodegradation

process can accelerate the removal of antibiotic contamination.

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## Investigation of the toxic effects of different polystyrene micro-and nanoplastics on microalgae *Chlorella vulgaris* by analysis of cell viability, pigment content, oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes

**Authors:** Hazeem LJ, Yesilay G, Bououdina M, Perna S, Cetin D, Suludere Z, Barras A, Boukherroub R

**Source:** MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 156:111278, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111278

**Abstract:** Plastics of different sizes (micro- and nano-sized) are often identified in aquatic environments. Nevertheless, their influence on marine organisms has not been widely investigated. In this study, the responses of the microalga *Chlorella vulgaris* to micro- and nanoplastics exposure were examined using long term toxicity test. The plastics tested were carboxyl-functionalized and non-functionalized polystyrene of 20, 50 and 500 nm in diameter. A reduction in algal cell viability and chlorophyll a concentration has been observed after exposure to the small sizes (20 and 50 nm) of plastics. Lactate dehydrogenase activity and reactive oxygen species concentration/production were significantly higher after exposure to the 20 nm nanoplastics than that of control confirming the stress condition. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis proved the attachment of nanoplastics to microalgae and rearrangement of extracellular polymeric substances. The cellular stress appeared as increased cell size, deformed cell wall and increased volume of starch grains.

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## Adverse effects of levo floxacin and oxytetracycline
on aquatic microbial
communities

**Authors:** Zhou ZG, Zhang ZY, Feng L, Zhang JF, Li Y, Lu T, Qian HF

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
734:139499, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139499

**Abstract:** The widespread use of levofloxacin (LEV) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in hospitals and farms inevitably contributes to water pollution through waste disposal processes, municipal wastewater treatment, and manure application to farmlands, which adversely affects aquatic microorganisms. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of LEV and OTC to cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae monocultures and freshwater microcosms. Three test cyanobacteriawere inhibited by both LEV and OTC at all examined concentrations. The growth of the eukaryotic organisms *C. vulgaris* and *Monoraphidium* sp. was only inhibited by high concentrations of OTC ranging from 1000 to 10,000µg/L; however, they were less sensitive to LEV and OTC than cyanobacteria. In the aquatic microcosms, 5µg/L of LEV and OTC did not affect the alpha diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities or the composition of the eukaryotic microbial communities after 14 d of exposure. However, this concentration of LEV and OTC significantly changed the prokaryotic microbial community structure at the genus level, and different antibiotics affected the prokaryotic microbial community differently, suggesting that different antibiotics affect prokaryotes through different molecular mechanisms, thereby leading to differences in prokaryotic microbial growth patterns. Moreover, the changes in the prokaryotic microbial community composition suggested that low antibiotic concentrations in water could disturb prokaryotic microbial communities and cause ecological risks.

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ERA / PUBLICATIONS

SCIENTIFIQUES /

MICROBIOLOGIE ET

CONTAMINANTS

The effects of biochar and
AM fungi (*Funneliformis
mosseae*) on bioavailability
Cd in a highly contaminated
acid soil with different soil
phosphorus supplies

Authors: Zhang HW, Zhen HY, Huang CD...

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10363-5

**Abstract:** Due to the increase of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated land area worldwide, effective measures should be taken to minimize the Cd bioavailability in crops. A study was performed to explore the effectiveness of biochar pyrolyzed from rice straw at 400 degrees C alone or combined with AM fungi (*Funneliformis mosseae*) on the corn growth and Cd uptake in corn in Cd-contaminated soil with different levels of phosphorus supplies. The results showed that biochar significantly reduced 66% and 38% of Cd uptake in shoot and root respectively (P < 0.001) attributed to the increase of soil pH and dissolved organic matter. In contrast, AM fungi inoculation of corn plants had little effect on Cd bioavailability due to the AM was suppressed by the highly contaminated acid soil (31.76 mg/kg), and had neither synergistic effect with biochar on decreasing the Cd bioavailability with high or low phosphorus supplies. This study demonstrated that biochar application could be a promising method to immobilize Cd in the contaminated soil to ensure the safety of agro-product while high Cd-contaminated soil would suppress the growth of mycorrhizae, so this remains an open question to be further studied.

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Advances in characterizing
microbial community change
and resistance upon
exposure to lead
contamination: Implications
for ecological risk assessment
**Authors:** George SE, Wan YS

**Source:** CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 50, 21:2223-2270, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2019.1698260

**Abstract:** Recent advancement in molecular techniques has spurred numerous studies on responses of microorganisms to lead exposure, leveraging detailed phylogenetic analyses and functional gene identification to discern the effects of lead toxicity on microbial communities. A comprehensive review of recent research is provided on (1) lead resistance mechanisms of microorganisms; (2) microbial community changes in contaminated aquatic sediments and terrestrial soils; and (3) lead resistance genes applied to lead biosensor development. Ample evidence in the literature, including both in vitro and in situ studies, indicates that exposure to lead inhibits microbial activities (such as respiration and metabolism), reduces biomass and alters microbial community structure. Even at sites where microbial communities do not vary compositionally with contaminant levels, functional differences between microbial communities are evident. The main mechanisms of lead resistance involve extracellular and intracellular biosorption, precipitation, complexation, and/or efflux pumps. The suites of genes associated with lead resistance mechanisms can serve, when considered with phylogenetic information, as indicators of lead contamination. This holds potential for development of next generation lead biosensors. To promote applications of advanced knowledge, molecular techniques, and lead biosensor technology, perspectives on using microbial indicators for site ecological assessment are presented.

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## Environmental drivers of shifts on microbial traits in sites disturbed by a large-scale tailing dam collapse

**Authors:** Batista ER, Carneiro JJ, Pinto FA...

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 738, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139453

**Abstract:** This study aimed to assess the most affected traits related to microbial ecophysiology and activity and investigate its relationships with environmental drivers in mine tailings spilled from the Fundao dam at disturbed sites across Gualaxo do Norte river, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The mine tailings are characterized by increased pH value, silt percentage, and bulk density, while clay percentage, organic carbon (C-org), total nitrogen (Nt), and moisture contents are reduced. Microbial biomass, enzymatic activities (arylsulfatase, beta-1,4-glucosidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases), and the total microbial activity potential (FDA hydrolysis) were generally lower in tailings compared to undisturbed reference soil (Und). Enzyme-based indexes (GMea, WMean, and IBRv2) showed microbial communities with significantly lower degradative efficacy in the tailings than Und in all sites (R2 ≥ 0.94, p < 0.001). Non metric multidimensional scaling and distance-based redundancy analysis revealed that microbial communities exhibited significant differentiation (R-2 adjusted = 0.73, p = 0.0001) between mine tailings and Und over the different studied sites, which was strongly influenced by changes on physicochemical properties (pH, C-org and Nt contents, the predominance of small-sized particles of silt, and bulk density) and the presence of Se, Cr, Fe, and Ni, even at low concentrations. Our study suggests that the physicochemical properties and the presence of low bioavailable concentrations of heavy metals in dam tailings promote shifts on microbial communities through reductions in the C storage and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients by these communities compared to those in undisturbed reference soils surrounding and, therefore, has negative implications for the ecosystem functioning.

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## Naphthalene exerts non-target effects on the abundance of active fungi by stimulating basidiomycete abundance

**Authors:** Lan LY, Zhang L, Shen Y...
**Source:** JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE 17, 8:2001-2010, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11629-020-5985-7

**Abstract:** As an arthropod biocide, naphthalene has been used in studies of the ecological functions of soil fauna for decades. However, its potential non-target effects on soil microorganisms may affect soil mineralization and litter decomposition processes. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with naphthalene adding to soil surface at a rate of 100 g center dot m(-2) per month to examine the potential non-target effects of this treatment on soil fungal phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), 18S rDNA gene copy numbers and community diversity in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China. The results showed that naphthalene addition significantly increased fungal PLFAs but did not significantly alter fungal gene copy numbers. A total of 16 phyla, 62 genera and 147 Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified through Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the most abundant phyla in both the control and naphthalene addition plots. Naphthalene addition did not affect the diversity or structure of the soil fungal community, but the increase in some genera of Basidiomycota might contribute to the increase in fungal PLFAs in the naphthalene addition plots. These results suggest that naphthalene exerts non-target effects on the active fungal abundance by stimulating the abundance of specific taxa in subalpine forest soils. The non-target effects of naphthalene on the fungal community should be taken into consideration when it is used to exclude soil fauna.

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## Assessment of heavy metal pollution and the effect on bacterial community in acidic and neutral soils

**Authors:** Ma YL, Wang YT, Chen Q...

**Source:** ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 117, 2020,

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106626

**Abstract:** Mining activities have caused heavy metal pollution in Xikuangshan (XKS), China. This work aims to assess heavy metal ecological risk in XKS using a potential ecological risk (PER) index and detect the responses of the soil bacterial community under heavy metal stress at different pH levels. The PER index indicated that antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) posed the most serious ecological risk at the sampling sites. We compared the effects of heavy metals on the structure of the microbial community under acidic and neutral conditions. Our results suggested significant differences between microbial community responses to heavy metals in acidic and neutral soils. Zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were the main heavy metal factors affecting the bacterial community under acidic conditions, whereas the effect of Sb, As, and chromium (Cr) exceeded them in neutral soils. This was possibly due to the different characteristics of heavy metals and their interactions with soil properties. The main genus were positively correlated with Sb, As, Zn, Pb, and Cd in both acidic and neutral soils, which may due to increasing resistance under conditions of long-time pollution. The results of our structural equation modeling indicated that the variations in the bacterial community structure were mainly explained by heavy metals in acidic and neutral soils. The soil nutrients and pH also had significant direct influences on the bacterial community under neutral conditions, as well as indirect effects due to their impact on heavy metals in neutral and acidic soils. Several heavy metal-resistant bacteria can be used for remediation under acid and neutral conditions.

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## CuO Nanoparticles Alter the Rhizospheric Bacterial Community and Local Nitrogen Cycling for Wheat Grown in a Calcareous Soil

**Authors:** Guan XY, Gao XY, Avellan A...
**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 54, 14:8699-8709, 2020, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00036

**Abstract:** The application of nanoparticles (NPs) to soils, as either fertilizers or fungicides (e.g., CuO NPs), has been proposed to improve the sustainability of agriculture. The observed effects could result directly from the NP-plant interactions or indirectly through effects on the soil microbiome. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of CuO NPs on the changes in the bacterial community structure and nitrogen-cycling-associated functions in a high pH soil and to correlate these changes with nitrate accumulation, soil parameter changes, and plant growth over 28 days. Triticum aestivum seedlings were exposed to 50 mg/kg CuO NPs, 50 mg/kg CuSO4, or 0.5 mg/kg CuSO4 in a standard soil (Lufa 2.1 soil, pH adjusted to 7.6). While Cu treatments reduced nitrate accumulation in the bulk soil, the effects were opposite in the rhizosphere (the soil influenced by root exudates). While nitrate accumulation in bulk soil negatively correlated with total Cu concentration, part of the nitrate concentration in the rhizosphere was explained by root uptake during plant growth, the rest being modulated by Cu treatments. The abundance of genes involved in the nitrogen cycle in the rhizosphere soil correlated with the ionic copper concentration. The increased nitrate concentration in the rhizosphere correlated with an increase of the gene abundance related to the nitrogen fixation and a decrease of denitrification gene abundance. Microbial diversity in bulk or rhizosphere soil under the different treatments alone could not explain these variations, while differences in the assemblages of bacteria associated with these functional gene abundances gave good insights. This study highlights the complexity of microbial N-related function in the rhizosphere and the need to characterize the rhizosphere soil, plant growth and root activity, NP (bio)transformations, along with microbial networks, to understand the impact of agrochemicals (here CuO NPs) on soil fertility.

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Relative importance of soil
properties and heavy
metals/metalloids
to

modulate microbial
community and activity at a
smelting site

**Authors:** Bai XT, Wang JiC, Dong HL...

**Source:** JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11368-020-02743-8

**Abstract:** Purpose Heavy metals/metalloids have adverse effects on soil microorganisms, but the underlying environmental controls remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the influences of multiple heavy metal/metalloid contaminations on soil microbial communities, as well as the effects of soil properties. Materials and methods Soil samples were collected from a typical Pb/Zn smelter in China. Ecological drivers including soil properties and heavy metal/metalloid contents were determined to evaluate their effects on soil microbial biomass, activity, and community. Results and discussion heavy metals/metalloids had adverse effects on soil microorganisms, as reflected by significant decreases of soil microbial biomass, activity, and bacterial alpha-diversity with increased contamination levels. The Mantel test and variation partition analysis (VPA) revealed that heavy metals/metalloids strongly affected the bacterial community structure, while soil properties contribute mostly to the variation of microbial activity. Additionally, the influences of soil properties (e.g., total nitrogen, available phosphorus, pH) on microbial biomass, activity, and alpha-diversity were significant, and stronger than the effects of heavy metals/metalloids. Notably, the interactions between heavy metals/metalloids and soil properties were significant and could explain 61.08% and 33.05% variation of the bacterial community structure and microbial activity, respectively. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the overall effects across soil properties and heavy metals/metalloids are interactive, suggesting that evaluation of the effects of heavy metals/metalloids should also take into account the soil properties.

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Changes of Enzymatic
Activities,
Utilization of Substrate
Pattern, and
# Microbial Community Diversity in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

**Authors:** Sun YB, Zheng SA, Wang L...

**Source:** WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION 231, 8, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-04798-2

**Abstract:** Globally, heavy metal (HM) pollution of soil is a serious problem that can lead to long-term toxic effects on soil. In this milieu, the present study investigated the eco-toxicological effects of three trace elements, e.g., cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), on enzyme activities and microbial function and structural diversity in phaeozem and red soil samples. Hormesis effects of Cd, Cu, and Pb on catalase and invertase activities were observed in phaeozem soil, while for red soil, there was an inhibitory effect on the activities of catalase and invertase under Cu- and Pb-contaminated soils. The utilization of carbon sources was inhibited in Cd- and Pb-treated phaeozem soil, but higher utilization of polymers and amines exhibited in Cu-contaminated soil. Although the substrates under the contamination of Cd, Cu, and Pb had high average well color development values across incubation time, the utilization of various substrates did not exhibit a regular trend under different treatments with HMs. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed that the HMs led to marginal changes in the number and species of soil microbes, while the similarity indices decreased in HM-treated samples, varying from 66.2 to 77.3% in phaeozem soil and from 62.8 to 66.7% in red soil. However, the sequence analysis showed that there existed metal-resistant microbial communities such as Bacillales, Bacillus, and Massilia and so on under the stress of HMs.

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# Effects of microplastic and microglass particles on soil microbial community structure in an arable soil (Chernozem)

**Authors:** Wiedner K, Polifka S

**Source:** SOIL 6(2):315-324, 2020, DOI: 10.5194/soil-6-315-2020

**Abstract:** Microplastic and microglass particles from different sources enter aquatic and terrestrial environments. The complexity of their environmental impact is difficult to capture, and the consequences for ecosystem components, for example, the soil microorganisms, are virtually unknown. To address this issue, we performed an incubation experiment by adding 1 % of five different types of impurities ≥ µm) to an agriculturally used soil (Chernozem) and simulating a worst-case scenario of contamination. The impurities were made of polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyamide 12 (PA12) and microglass. After 80 d of incubation at 20 degrees C, we examined the soil microbial community structure by using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as markers for bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The results showed that soil microorganisms were not significantly affected by the presence of microplastic and microglass. However, PLFAs tend to increase with LDPE (28 %), PP (19 %) and microglass (11 %) in treated soil in comparison with untreated soil, whereas PLFAs in PA12 (32 %) and PS (11 %) in treated soil decreased. Interestingly, PLFAs revealed significant differences in PA12 (-89 %) and PS (-43 %) in comparison with LDPE. Furthermore, variability of bacterial PLFAs was much higher after microplastic incubation, while fungi seemed to be unaffected from different impurities after 80 d of incubation. Similar results were shown for protozoa, which were also more or less unaffected by microplastic treatment as indicated by the minor reduction in PLFA contents compared to the control group. In contrast, microglass seems to have an inhibiting effect on protozoa because PLFAs were under the limit of determination. Our study indicated that high amounts of different microplastics may have contrary effects on soil microbiology. Microglass might have a toxic effect for protozoa.

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# Estimation of Hg(II) in Soil Samples by Bioluminescent Bacterial Bioreporter *E. coli* ARL1, and the Effect of
# Humic Acids and Metal Ions on the Biosensor Performance

Authors: Branyikova I, Lucakova S, Kuncova G...

Source: SENSORS 20, 11, 2020, DOI: 10.3390/s20113138

**Abstract:** Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant of dominantly anthropogenic origin. A critical concern for human health is the introduction of mercury to the food chain; therefore, monitoring of mercury levels in agricultural soil is essential. Unfortunately, the total mercury content is not sufficiently informative as mercury can be present in different forms with variable bioavailability. Since 1990, the use of bioreporters has been investigated for assessment of the bioavailability of pollutants; however, real contaminated soils have rarely been used in these studies. In this work, a bioassay with whole-cell bacterial bioreporter Escherichia coli ARL1 was used for estimation of bioavailable concentration of mercury in 11 soil samples. The bioreporter emits bioluminescence in the presence of Hg(II). Four different pretreatments of soil samples prior to the bioassay were tested. Among them, laccase mediated extraction was found to be the most suitable over water extraction, alkaline extraction, and direct use of water-soil suspensions. Nevertheless, effect of the matrix on bioreporter signal was found to be severe and not possible to be completely eliminated by the method of standard addition. In order to elucidate the matrix role, influences of humic acid and selected metal ions present in soil on the bioreporter signal were tested separately in laboratory solutions. Humic acids were found to have a positive effect on the bioreporter growth, but a negative effect on the measured bioluminescence, likely due to shading and Hg binding resulting in decreased bioavailability. Each of the tested metal ions solutions affected the bioluminescence signal differently; cobalt (II) positively, iron (III) negatively, and the effects of iron (II) and nickel (II) were dependent on their concentrations. In conclusion, the information on bioavailable mercury estimated by bioreporter E. coli ARL1 is valuable, but the results must be interpreted with caution. The route to functional bioavailability bioassay remains long.

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# Phytohormone up-regulates the biochemical constituent, exopolysaccharide and nitrogen metabolism in paddy-field cyanobacteria exposed to chromium stress

Authors: Tiwari S, Patel A, Prasad SM

Source: BMC MICROBIOLOGY 20, 1, 2020, DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01799-3

**Abstract:** Background:Cyanobacteria are well known for their inherent ability to serve as atmospheric nitrogen fixers and as bio-fertilizers; however, increased contaminants in aquatic ecosystem significantly decline the growth and function of these microbes in paddy fields. Plant growth regulators play beneficial role in combating the negative effects induced by heavy metals in photoautotroph. Current study evaluates the potential role of indole acetic acid (IAA; 290nm) and kinetin (KN; 10nm) on growth, nitrogen metabolism and biochemical constituents of two paddy field cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 exposed to two concentrations of chromium (Cr-VI; 100 mu M and 150 mu M). Results:Both the tested doses of Cr-VI declined the growth, ratio of chlorophyll a to carotenoids (Chl a/Car), contents of phycobiliproteins; phycocyanin (PC), allophycocyanin (APC), and phycoerythrin (PE), protein and carbohydrate associated with decrease in the inorganic nitrogen (nitrate; NO3- and nitrite; NO2-) uptake rate that results in the decrease in nitrate and ammonia assimilating enzymes; nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) except glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). However, exogenous supplementation of IAA and KN exhibited alleviating effects on growth, nitrogen metabolism and exopolysaccharide (EPS) (first protective barrier against metal toxicity) contents in both the cyanobacteria, which probably occurred as a result of a substantial decrease in the Cr uptake that lowers the damaging effects.Conclusion:Overall result of the present study signifies affirmative role of the phytohormone in minimizing the toxic effects induced by chromium by stimulating the growth of cyanobacteria thereby enhancing its ability as bio-fertilizer that improved fertility and
productivity of soil even in metal contaminated condition.

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# Effects of Long-Term exposure to Heavy Metals upon Rhizosphere Bacteria from Baia Mare Area (Maramures County, Romania)

Authors: Farkas A, Mereuti F, Butiuc-Keul A...

Source: GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2020.1795319

**Abstract:** The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of heavy metal (HM) pollution and its effect on microorganisms from rhizosphere soil in Baia Mare area (Maramures County, Romania). Two sites with different contamination degrees were included in the study: one with a long history of mining activities and one within a drinking water safeguard zone. Rhizosphere soil samples were characterized with respect to physico-chemical parameters and the Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contents. Native bacteria were investigated for HM tolerance and biofilm formation under toxic exposure by the microdilution assay. The most resistant strains were identified and the minimum inhibitory concentrations for HMs were determined. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn exceeded the intervention threshold in Bozanta tailings site, while Pb content exceeded the intervention level within the area of the drinking water treatment plant. Cd showed a very high potential ecological risk in Bozanta area. The long-term exposure to HMs contributed to the selection of HM-tolerant and weakly adherent strains. Biofouling was significantly reduced under the influence of copperions. *Arthrobacter*, *Rhodococcus* and *Acidovorax* strains with exceptional resistant profiles were isolated from the tailings site, indicating the important role of native microorganisms in rhizosphere ecosystems of contaminated sites.

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# Soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere of Robinia pseudoacacia L. after being exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 and cadmium for 4 years

Authors: Jia X, Wang L, Zhao YH...

Source: APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY 154, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103661

**Abstract:** Elevation of atmospheric CO2 combined with heavy metals can affect rhizosphere soil characteristics by altering the allocation of roots and its availability in the rhizosphere to the microbial community. The aim of study was to investigate the community structure of bacteria, fungi, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the rhizosphere of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings after being exposed to elevated CO2 and cadmium (Cd) for 4 years. Elevated CO2 increased pH, total carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio under Cd exposure relative to Cd alone and led to a decrease in total and soluble Cd contents in rhizosphere soils. Elevated CO2 increased the richness of bacterial and AOA communities estimated by Abundance-based Coverage Estimator index by 17.463.2% and by 1.42.8%, respectively, and decreased fungal communities by 2.212.0% under Cd exposure. Elevated CO2 combined with Cd at 1.0 mg Cd kg(-1) dry soil increased the diversity of bacterial, fungi, AOB, and AOA communities estimated by Shannon indexes, while at 5.0 mg Cd kg(-1) dry soil, the diversity of these taxa decreased with the exception of bacterial. Elevated CO2 led to increased abundance of phyla Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Ascomycota, and Thaumarchaeota and to decreased abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in rhizosphere soils under Cd exposure; and the abundance of dominant taxa changed dramatically. NMDS and heat-map analysis of the relative abundance of genera indicated that elevated CO2 had a greater effect on microbial community structure when combined with Cd exposure. Additionally, elevated CO2 significantly affected microbial communities by increasing pH, TC, WSOC, and the C/N ratio and by decreasing total and soluble Cd contents in rhizosphere soils. Overall, elevated CO2 combined with Cd exposure
increased the abundance of most microorganisms and changed microbial diversity in gene level as a result of increased nutrients in rhizosphere soils.

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## Heavy metal concentrations in Brazilian port areas and their relationships with microorganisms: can pollution in these areas change the microbial community?

**Authors:** Zampieri BD, Andrade VD, Chinellato RM...

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 192, 8, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08413-z

**Abstract:** The objectives of this study were to analyze the difference in ways in which metals polluting Brazilian port areas influence bacterial communities and the selection of resistant strains. The hypothesis tested was that port areas would have microbial communities significantly different from a pristine area, mainly due to a greater load of metals found in these areas. Sediment samples were collected in two port areas (Santos and SAo SebastiAo) and one pristine area (Ubatuba). Total DNA was extracted and MiSeq sequencing was performed. A hundred strains were isolated from the same samples and were tested for metal resistance. The community composition was similar in the two port regions, but differed from the pristine area. Microbial diversity was significantly lower in the port areas. The phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Thermodesulfobacteria exhibited positive correlations with copper and zinc concentrations. Chloroflex, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Chlorobi exhibited negative correlations with copper, chromium, and zinc. Cr and Zn had higher concentrations at port areas and were responsible to select more metal-resistant strains. Some genera were found to be able to easily develop metal resistance. The most isolated genera were Bacillus, Vibrio, and Pseudomonas. This type of study can illustrate, even in very complex natural environments, the

influence of pollution on the community as a whole and the consequences of these changes.

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## Microbial Activities Response to Contamination in Soil and Sediments Rich in As Surrounding an Industrial Gold Mine

**Authors:** Sabadini-Santos E, Castilhos ZC, Bidone ED

**Source:** WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION 231, 7, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-04734-4

**Abstract:** Gold mines are widely recognized as important sources of arsenic (As) pollution and this work proposes the use of in situ microbial community enzymatic response to assess the risk of As in soil and sediments surrounding "Morro do Ouro," the largest industrial gold mine in Brazil. Bacterial community exposed to high metals concentrations deviates energy from growth to cell maintenance modifying enzymatic activity response. Even if the number of bacterial cells presented in soil and sediment samples was in the same order of 10(7) cell cm (-3), it declines in sediment samples closer to a mining area. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) showed the same trend, suggesting inhibition by toxic effect of metals, while esterase activities (EST) behaved in the opposite way, representative of increasing energy demand by the community under environmental stress. The Quality Ratio (QR) index for environmental risk assessment was applied to integrate geochemical (grain size, total organic carbon contents, and metals as indicators of complex contamination) and microbial parameters (DHA-energy production into cell and EST-hydrolase organic matter outside the cell membrane). QR indicated that the risk associated with soil and sediment is driven by As levels and decreases from the mine facilities.

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## The responses of soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial community
## structure to nine years of varied zinc application rates

**Authors:** Liu YM, Cao WQ, Chen XX...

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 737, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140245

**Abstract:** Zinc (Zn) fertilizer application can certainly improve the production and nutritional quality of cereal crops. However, Zn accumulation in the soil may lead to some deleterious environmental impacts in agroecosystems. The effects of long-term Zn application on soil microbial properties remain unclear, but it is imperative to understand such effects. In this study, we collected soil samples from a nine-year field experiment in a wheat-maize system that continuously received Zn applied at various rates (0, 2.3, 5.7, 11.4, 22.7 and 34.1 kg ha(-1)) to evaluate the soil enzymes, microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The results showed that Zn application at the rate of 5.7 kg ha(-1) significantly increased the activities of urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase in the soil, while the rate of 34.1 kg ha(-1) significantly decreased the evaluated enzyme activities. The microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were not affected by Zn application rates, although an increase in the microbial biomass C was observed in the 11.4 kg ha(-1) treatment. Moreover, the alpha diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities did not vary among the nil Zn, optimal Zn (5.7 kg ha(-1)) and excess Zn (34.1 kg ha(-1)) treatments. However, the bacterial communities in the soil receiving the optimal and excess Zn application rates were slightly changed. Compared to the nil Zn treatment, the other Zn application rates increased the relative abundances of the Rhodospirillales, Gaiellales and Frankiales orders and decreased the abundance of the Latescibacteria phylum. The redundancy analysis further indicated that the soil bacterial community composition significantly correlated with the concentrations of soil DTPA-Zn and total Zn. These results highlight the importance of optimal Zn application in achieving high production and high grain quality while concurrently promoting soil microbial activity, improving the bacterial community and further maintaining the sustainability of the agroecological environment.

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## Alkaline amendments improve the health of soils degraded by metal contamination and acidification: Crop performance and soil bacterial community responses

**Authors:** Lu HL, Wu YX, Liang PX...

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 257, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127309

**Abstract:** Soil degradation due to heavy metal contamination and acidification has negative effects on soil health and crop growth. Many previous studies have tried to improve the growth of crops and decrease their metal uptake. The recovery of soil health, however, has rarely been focused in soil remediation. In this study, a pot trial was conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growing in heavy metal contaminated and acidic soils, to examine the effects of alkaline amendments (limestone, LS; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, Pcm) and organic amendments (cow manure compost, CMC; biochar, BC) on the growth of lettuce and on the availability of heavy metals, enzyme activities, and bacterial community structures in the soils. The results showed that, in comparison with the CMC and BC treatments, LS and Pcm were more effective at improving lettuce growth and reducing metal concentrations in shoots. Urease and catalase activities in LS and Pcm amended soils were consistently higher than in those with CMC and BC. Additionally, the alkaline amendments dramatically improved the bacterial diversity and shaped more favorable bacterial community structures. Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were predominant in soils amended with alkaline treatments. The beneficial bacterial genera Gemmatimonas and f_Gemma-timonadaceae, which are vital for phosphate dissolution, microbial nitrogen metabolism, and soil respiration, were also enriched. The results suggest that alkaline amendments were superior to organic amendments, and thus may be useful for the future recovery of soil functions and health under heavy metal contamination and low pH.

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Acute glyphosate exposure does not condition the response of microbial communities to a dry-rewetting disturbance in a soil with a long history of glyphosate-based herbicides

Authors: Allegrini M, Gomez E, Zabaloy MC

Source: SOIL 6(2): 291-297, 2020, DOI: 10.5194/soil-6-291-2020

**Abstract:** Dry-rewetting perturbations are natural disturbances in the edaphic environment and particularly in dryland cultivation areas. The interaction of this disturbance with glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) deserves special attention in the soil environment due to the intensification of agricultural practices and the acceleration of climate change with an intensified water cycle. The objective of this study was to assess the response of microbial communities in a soil with a long history of GBHs to a secondary imposed perturbation (a single dry-rewetting event). A factorial microcosm study was conducted to evaluate the potential conditioning effect of an acute glyphosate exposure on the response to a following dry-rewetting event. A respiratory quotient (RQ) based on an ecologically relevant substrate (p-coumaric acid) and basal respiration was used as a physiological indicator. Similarly, DNA-based analyses were considered, including quantitative PCR (qPCR) of functional sensitive microbial groups linked to cycles of carbon (Actinobacteria) and nitrogen (ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms), qPCR of total bacteria and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Significant effects of herbicide and of dry-rewetting perturbations were observed in the RQ and in the copy number of the amoA gene of AOB, respectively. However, no significant interaction was observed between them when analyzing the physiological indicator and the copy number of the evaluated genes. PCR-DGGE results were not conclusive regarding a potential effect of dry-rewetting x herbicide interaction on AOB community structure, suggesting further analysis by deep sequencing of the amoA gene. The results of this study indicate that the

perturbation of an acute glyphosate exposure in a soil with a long history of this herbicide does not have a conditioning effect on the response to a subsequent dry-rewetting disturbance according to a physiological indicator or the quantified bacterial/archaeal genes. This is particularly relevant for the sustainability of soils in rainfed agriculture, where frequent exposure to GBHs along with intensification of hydrological cycles are expected to occur. Further studies considering multiple dry-rewetting disturbances and in different soil types should be conducted to simulate those conditions and to validate our results.

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The effect of salinity gradient and heavy metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure in some Algerian wetlands

Authors: Sidhoum W, Bahi K, Fortas Z

Source: ACTA BOTANICA CROATICA 79(1): 3-14, 2020, DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2020-001

**Abstract:** Algerian natural wetlands suffer from anthropogenic disturbances due to industrial development and urbanization. This study was designed to draw attention to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) distribution and community assemblages following heavy metal and salinity concentrations in two wetlands subjected to domestic and industrial effluents. Rhizospheric soil and roots of 18 plant species were collected in two wetlands along a decreasing salinity gradient. The results showed that 72.72% of plant species exhibit an association within arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM), and 36.36% a dual association between AM and dark septate endophytes (DSE). A total of 33 AMF morphospecies were distinguished on the basis of morphological criteria dominated by taxa belonging to Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae. Soil contamination was investigated by determining metallic trace elements (MTE) (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Values of the pollution index revealed wetlands that were particularly polluted by lead. Two-way ANOVA showed significant variations in metal content among
sampling locations and transects. Principal component analysis showed that species richness, and mycorrhizal frequency were slightly affected by MTE. This opens possibilities for their utilization in polluted soil remediation.

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# Effects of sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and sulfosulfuron on enzymatic activities and microbial communities in two agricultural soils

Authors: Medo J, Hricakova N, Makova J...

Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10063-0

**Abstract:** Sulfonylurea herbicides are widely used for weed control in agriculture, and they are suspected to alter microbial communities and activities in the soil. This study investigates the impact of two sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and sulfosulfuron on microbial community and activity in two different soils taken from two sites in west part of the Slovak Republic. The soil from the Malanta site was silt-loam luvisol with pH((H2O))5.78 while the soil from the Stefanov site was sandy-loam regosol with pH((H2O))8.25. These soils were not treated by sulfonylurea herbicides at least for 2 years prior to the study. In laboratory assay, the herbicides were applied to soil in their maximal recommended doses 26 and 25 g per hectare of chlorsulfuron and sulfosulfuron, respectively. Their effect was evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th, and 112th day after application to soil. Illumina high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and ITS region was used to monitor changes on prokaryotic and fungal community composition. Enzymatic activity was evaluated using 11 substrates. Physiological profile of microbial community was analyzed using Biolog (c) ecoplates. Significant changes in enzymatic activity caused by the application of herbicides were found during the first 28 days. The application of herbicides altered the activity of cellobiohydrolase, arylsulphatase, dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and FDA hydrolase. Chlorsulfuron caused a more varying response of enzymatic activity than

sulfosulfuron, and observed changes were not the same for both soils. In Malanta soil, chlorsulfuron decreased dehydrogenase activity while it was increased in the Stefanov soil. Phosphatase activity was decreased in both soils on 7th and 14th day. There were only minor changes in prokaryotic or fungal community or physiological profiles regarding pesticide application. Differences between soils and incubation time explained most of the variability in these parameters. Diversity indices, physiological parameters, and enzymatic activity decreased over time. The results have shown that chlorsulfuron and sulfosulfuron can affect the function and activity of the soil microbial community without significant change in its composition.

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# Effects of Dimethylpentalin on Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity in Sorghum Soil

Authors: Bai WB, Hao JP, Zhang JH...

Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY 24(3): 538-544, 2020, DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1471

**Abstract:** To explore the effects of different concentrations of dimethylpentyl on soil enzyme activity and microbial community influence, the changes of soil invertase, urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, bacterial number, fungal number, bacterial and fungal community diversity under the two treatments (indoor potted and field environment) were studied. The results showed that the activity of soil enzyme was activated by dimethylpentylene, and there was no obvious concentration effect relationship. The community of soil bacteria and fungi was sensitive to the change of concentration of dimethylpentylene forest, which changed with the change of application concentration. (C) 2020 Friends Science Publishers

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# Synergistic interaction of a consortium of the brown-rot
fungus *Fomitopsis pinicola*
and the bacterium *Ralstonia*
*pickettii* for DDT
biodegradation

Authors: Purnomo AS, Sariwati A, Kamei I

Source: HELIYON 6, 6, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04027

**Abstract:** 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) is a toxic and recalcitrant pesticide that has been greatly used to eradicate malaria mosquitos since the 1940s. However, the US Environmental Protection Agency banned and classified DDT as priority pollutants due to its negative impact on wildlife and human health. Considering its negative effects, it is necessary to develop effective methods of DDT degradation. A synergistic interaction of a consortium consisting of the brown-rot fungus *Fomitopsis pinicola* and the bacterium *Ralstonia pickettii* was adopted to degrade DDT For the microbial consortia, *F. pinicola* was mixed with *R. pickettii* at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 ml (1 ml approximate to 1.44 10¹³ CFU) in a potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium to degrade DDT throughout the seven days incubation period. The degradation of DDT by only the fungus *F. pinicola* was roughly 42%, while by only *R. pickettii* was 31%. The addition of 3 ml of *R. pickettii* into *F. pinicola* culture presented appropriate optimization for efficient DDT degradation at roughly 61%. The DDT transformation pathway by co-inoculation of *F. pinicola* and *R. pickettii* showed that DDT was converted to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD), further transformed to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), and then ultimately transformed to 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDMU). These metabolites are less toxic than DDT. This research showed that *R. picketti* synergistically interacts with *F. pinicola* by enhancing DDT degradation.

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Assessment of Changes on
Rhizospheric Soil Microbial
Biomass, Enzymes Activities
and Bacterial Functional

Diversity under Nickel Stress
in Presence of Alfafa Plants

Authors: Helaoui S, Mkhinini M, Boughattas I...

Source: SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2020.1771276

**Abstract:** Anthropic activities and agricultural practices have increased the rate of pollutants in ecosystems. Consequently, this can alter soil chemical properties, biological functioning, and fertility. Our work aimed to evaluate the impact of nickel (Ni) contamination on rhizospheric soil's physico-chemical properties and microbiological activities in the presence of alfalfa plants. For this purpose, five concentrations of Ni (0, 50, 150, 250, and 500 mg.kg (-1)) were applied to Tunisian agricultural soils cultured withMedicago sativa. At the end of the experiment, the physico-chemical properties of these soils and the Ni uptake by alfalfa plants were analyzed. Additionally, soil enzyme activities were assessed. Finally, the microbial biomass and functional diversity of microbial communities were determined using SIR (Substrate-induced respiration) and Biolog Ecoplates (TM) techniques, respectively. The results revealed that Ni accumulation was dose-dependent, with a significant amount of Ni being translocated from the roots to the shoots. With respect to the physico-chemical properties of soil, the most important Ni concentration led to the lowest organic matter content and cation-exchange capacity (CEC). Our data also showed a decrease in soil enzyme activities following Ni contamination. However, a crucial increase on microbial biomass of soils was revealed with the high Ni contamination. Moreover, the microbial functional diversity index and substrate utilization pattern were observed to increase in soils exposed to the most potent Ni concentrations. Our data provided evidence regarding the apparent toxicity of Ni and the fact that enzymatic activities and microbial biomass could be exploited as Ni-stress bioindicators.

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Distribution of Endocrine
Disruptor Chemicals and
Bacteria in Saline Petrola
Lake (Albacete, SE Spain)
## Protected Area is Strongly Linked to Land Use

**Authors:** Menchen A, Espin Y, Valiente N...

**Source:** APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 10, 11, 2020,

DOI: 10.3390/app10114017

**Abstract:** Saline lakes are subject to numerous environmental impacts related to human activities, changing the chemical and biological natural conditions of the ecosystem. Sustainable development depends on the conservation of such delicate saline ecosystems, which may hold distinctive biodiversity. (...) Microbially mediated redox processes exert a fundamental control on nutrient turnover and contaminant removal. This study examines the influence of land use on the distribution of endocrine disrupting chemicals as well as on the microbial community composition in lacustrine sediments from Petrola saline Lake (SE Spain). The lake is impacted by anthropogenic activities (agriculture, farming, mining and urban wastewater spills). Applying chemical and molecular tools (sequencing of 16S rRNA gene) showed a clear influence of land use on the chemistry and bacterial abundance of the lake sediments. The sampling points closer to wastewater outflows and mining ponds (2635, 2643 and 2650) showed fewer numbers and types of endocrine disrupting chemicals as well as a smaller number of families in the microbial community. These findings improve our understanding of how land use affects both water chemistry and the abundance of organisms responsible for biogeochemical cycles.

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## Life in mine tailings: microbial population structure across the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and roots of boreal species colonizing mine tailings in northwestern Quebec

**Authors:** Gagnon V, Rodrigue-Morin M, Tremblay J...

**Source:** ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY 70, 1, 2020,

DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01582-9

**Abstract:** Mining activities have negative effects on soil characteristics and can result in low pH, high heavy metal content, and limited levels of essential nutrients. A tailings storage area located in northwestern Quebec showed natural colonization by plants from the adjacent natural environment. The objective of the study was to determine the main edaphic parameters that structured microbial populations associated with the indigenous woody plants that had naturally colonized the site. Microbial populations were studied in the bulk soil, the rhizosphere, and inside plant roots using Illumina sequencing, ordination analysis (i.e., redundancy analysis (RDA) and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA)), ternary plotting, and statistical analysis (MANOVA). The main variables that drove the microbial community patterns were plant species and the tailings pH. Indeed, the main bacterial classes were Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria in both the rhizosphere and root endosphere. Analysis revealed that some dominant operational taxonomic units (e.g., *Pseudomonas* sp., *Acinetobacter* sp., and *Delftia* sp.) were present in increased proportions in roots for each plant species under study. This study also revealed that many of the most abundant fungal genera (e.g., Claussenomyces, Eupenicillium, and Trichoderma) were more abundant in the rhizosphere than in the root endosphere. This comprehensive study of the microbial community dynamics in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and root endosphere of boreal trees and shrubs could be beneficial in facilitating the rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems.

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## Soil Saprobic Fungi Differ in Their Response to Gradually and Abruptly Delivered Copper

**Authors:** Golubeva P, Ryo M, Muller LAH...

**Source:** FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 11, 2020,

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01195

**Abstract:** The overwhelming majority of studies examining environmental change deliver treatments abruptly, although, in fact, many important changes are gradual. One example of a gradually increasing environmental stressor is heavy metal contamination. Essential heavy metals, such as copper, play an important role
within cells of living organisms but are toxic at higher concentrations. In our study, we focus on the effects of copper pollution on filamentous soil fungi, key players in terrestrial ecosystem functioning. We hypothesize that fungi exposed to gradually increasing copper concentrations have higher chances for physiological acclimation and will maintain biomass production and accumulate less copper, compared to fungi abruptly exposed to the highest copper concentration. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with 17 fungal isolates exposed to gradual and abrupt copper addition. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find diverse idiosyncratic responses, such that for many fungi gradually increasing copper concentrations have more severe effects (stronger growth inhibition and higher copper accumulation) than an abrupt increase. While a number of environmental change studies have accumulated evidence based on the magnitude of changes, the results of our study imply that the rate of change can be an important factor to consider in future studies in ecology, environmental science, and environmental management.

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# Monoammonium Phosphate Effects on Glyphosate in Soils: Mobilization, Phytotoxicity, and Alteration of the Microbial Community

**Authors:** Kulikova NA, Zhelezova AD, Voropanov, MG...

**Source:** EURASIAN SOIL SCIENCE 53(6): 787-797, 2020, DOI: 10.1134/S106422932006006X

**Abstract:** Application of monoammonium phosphate has been demonstrated to re-immobilize glyphosate sorbed by soil under model laboratory experiment conditions. This effect was most pronounced in the gray forest soil (Haplic Phaeozem), where the concentration of herbicide in the presence of fertilizer was 3.6 times higher than in its absence. For soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisol) and leached Chernozem (Luvic Chernozem), this ratio was 1.5 and 2.8, respectively. Thus, the introduction of monoammonium phosphate into soils contaminated with glyphosate may result in an increase of the risk of herbicide migration into

the neighboring environments. The estimated number of functional genes of bacteria responsible for glyphosate degradation by means of the C-P bond cleavage did not show statistically significant effect of the fertilizer on the number of copies of thephnJgene, encoding the C-P lyase of alpha- and gamma-proteobacteria. The release of glyphosate was not accompanied by any adverse effects on the length and biomass of wheat plants.

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# Effect of lignin and plant growth-promoting bacteria (Staphylococcus pasteuri) on microbe-plant Co-remediation: A PAHs-DDTs Co-contaminated agricultural greenhouse study

**Authors:** Zheng XH, Aborisade MA, Wang H...

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 256, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127079

**Abstract:** Due to the ecological toxicity and environmental residues, how to remove the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially of polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), from agricultural soil has captured the attention of scholars for a long time. To develop an effective and low-cost in situ co-remediation technique, five independent but complementary treatments were used on an over-standard PAHs-DDTs co-contaminated soil in an agricultural greenhouse. Experimental results identified that the combination of microbe (Bacillus methylotrophicus) - plant (Brassica rapa) could remove rhamnolipid activated PAHs and DDTs effectively after enhanced by Staphylococcus pasteuri. Also, the Benzoapyrene and total DDTs residue in Brassica rapa was up to the standard of National (China) food safety. The lignin enhanced the removal of high-rings PAHs and p-p' DDE but reduced soil microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymes activity (polyphenol oxidase, invertase and acid phosphatase). Pearson correlation analysis showed that polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly related to the PAHs/DDTs dissipation rate. Our research suggested a new amendment that could remediate PAHs/DDTs co-contaminated agricultural soil without interrupting crop
production, and the polyphenol oxidase activity should be considered as a micro-ecological indicator in this process.

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## Effective passivation of lead by phosphate solubilizing bacteria capsules containing tricalcium phosphate

Authors: Zhang KY, Teng ZD, Shao W...

Source: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 397, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122754

**Abstract:** Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSBs) shows high potential to be used for lead passivation in sediments due to the abilities of releasing phosphate and the subsequent formation of insoluble Pb-phosphate compounds. In this research, microbial capsules implemented with sodium alginate and CaCl2, containing Leclercia adecarboxylata L15 (a lead resistant PSB) and Ca-3(PO4)(2), were developed and the performance on lead passivation under different conditions was examined. The optimal concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 for formulating the capsules were determined to be 0.3% and 10%, respectively. The removal efficiency of Pb2+ by capsules containing L15 and Ca-3(PO4) (2) was up to 98% with a capsule dosage of 2%, initial Pb2+ concentration of 1mM and pH of 3.0, which was better than that of free L15 (18%) and capsules containing only L15 (34%). Lead was immobilized via the formation of Pb-3(PO4)(3)Cl on the surface and Pb-3(PO4)(2) in the interior of the capsules. The simulated sediment remediation experiments showed that the acid soluble fraction of lead reduced from 28% to 14% and transformed into more stable fractions after 10 days. The experiment results indicated that PSBs capsules coupled with phosphate materials have a great promise for application in remediation of lead contaminated sediments.

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## The effect of biochar on soil-plant-earthworm-bacteria

### system in metal(loid) contaminated soil

Authors: Wang HT, Ding J, Chi QQ...

Source: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 263, B, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114610

**Abstract:** Increasing biochar is applied to the metal(loid) contaminated soil. However, effects of biochar on the soil-plant-earthworm-bacteria ecosystem, especially on the gut microbes of soil animals, remain largely unknown and require further research. Here, sewage sludge biochar (SSBC) and rice straw biochar (RSBC) were used in metal(loid) contaminated soils to investigate the available metal(loid) change in soils and the impact on the metal(loid) bioaccumulation in the plant and earthworm. Moreover, effects of biochar amendments on the gut bacteria of earthworms were determined by using high throughput sequencing. Our results showed that RSBC amendments had a significant suppression on the availability of cadmium, but significantly increased arsenic availability in soils (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the significant reduction of arsenic and cadmium accumulation was observed in plant with biochar amendments. High metal(loid) concentrations were observed in the body tissues of earthworms, in which the highest bioaccumulation factor of cadmium was 18.12 in *Metaphire californica*. The earthworm gut bacteria, with high abundances of Firmicutes (39.36%), Actinobacteria (23.69%) and Proteobacteria (13.02%), was significantly different from the microbe from the soil. RSBC had more significant effect on the bacterial community of earthworm gut than SSBC. Taken together, this work indicated that biochar amendments could decrease concentrations of arsenic and cadmium in plant, reduce the potential risk of metal(loid)s into the food chain, and shed light on the biogeochemical behaviour of biochar in the soil-plant-earthworm-bacteria ecosystems.

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### Vertical distribution of microbial communities and their response to metal(loid)s along the vadose zone-aquifer sediments
**Authors:** Zhong S, Chen Q, Hu J...

**Source:** JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 2020, DOI: 10.1111/jam.14742

**Abstract:** This study attempted to demonstrate the vertical shift in bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities along the vadose zone-aquifer sediments and their respective responses to environmental factors. We collected samples from the vadose zone and three aquifer sediments along a 42 center dot 5 m bore of a typical agricultural land. The results showed that the bacterial community shifted greatly with depth. The classes of Actinobacteria (19 center dot 5%) and NC10 (11 center dot 0%) were abundant in the vadose zone while Alphaproteobacteria (22 center dot 3%) and Gammaproteobacteria (20 center dot 1%) were enriched in the aquifer. Archaeal and fungal communities were relatively more homogeneous with no significant trend as a function of depth. Process analyses further indicated that selection dominated in the bacterial community, whereas stochastic processes governed archaeal and fungal communities. Moreover, environment-bacteria interaction analysis showed that metal(loid)s, especially alkali metal, had a closer correlation with the bacterial community than physicochemical variables. Depth strongly affected bacterial rather than archaeal and fungal communities. Metal(loid)s prevailed over physicochemical variables in shaping the bacterial community in the vadose zone-aquifer continuum. Significance and Impact of the Study Our study provides a new perspective on the structure of microbial communities from the vadose zone to the deep aquifers.

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# Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities of Aluminum-Tolerant and -Sensitive Soybean Genotypes Respond Differently to Aluminum Stress in an Acid Soil

**Authors:** Shi QH, Liu YT, Shi AQ...

**Source:** FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 11, 2020, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01177

**Abstract:** Different soybean genotypes can differ in their tolerance toward aluminum stress

depending on their rhizosphere-inhabiting microorganisms. However, there is limited understanding of the response of fungal communities to different aluminum concentrations across different genotypes. Here, we used metabarcoding of fungal ribosomal markers to assess the effects of aluminum stress on the rhizosphere fungal community of aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive soybean genotypes. Shifts in fungal community structure were related to changes in plant biomass, fungal abundance and soil chemical properties. Aluminum stress increased the difference in fungal community structure between tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Penicillium, Cladosporium and Talaromyces increased with increasing aluminum concentration. These taxa associated with the aluminum-tolerant genotypes were enriched at the highest aluminum concentration. Moreover, complexity of the co-occurrence network associated with the tolerant genotypes increased at the highest aluminum concentration. Collectively, increasing aluminum concentrations magnified the differences in fungal community structure between the two studied tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes. This study highlights the possibility to focus on rhizosphere fungal communities as potential breeding target to produce crops that are more tolerant toward heavy metal stress or toxicity in general.

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# Diagnosing bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil and related geochemical processes at the field scale through microbial community and functional genes

**Authors:** Cai PP, Ning Z, Liu YC...

**Source:** ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY 70, 1, 2020, DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01580-x

**Abstract:** Purpose Bioremediation is widely considered the most desirable procedure for remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Few studies have focused on the relationships among microbial community, functional genes of biodegradation, and geochemical processes
during field bioremediation, which provide
crucial information for bioremediation. Methods
In the current study, the microbial community
and functional genes related to hydrocarbon and
nitrogen metabolism, combined with the soil
physico-chemical properties, were used to
diagnose a set of bioremediation experiments,
including bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and
phytoremediation, at the field scale. Result The
results showed that the added nutrients
stimulated a variety of microorganisms, including
hydrocarbon degradation bacteria and nitrogen
metabolism microorganisms. The functional
genes reflected the possibility of aerobic
denitrification in the field, which may be helpful
in biodegradation. Biostimulation was found to
be the most suitable of the studied
bioremediation methods in the field. Conclusion
We offer a feasible approach to obtain useful
bioremediation information and assist with the
development of appropriate remediation
procedures. The findings improve our knowledge
of the interactions between microorganisms and
edaphic parameters.

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Use of biomass ash to reduce
toxicity affecting soil
bacterial community growth
due to tetracycline
antibiotics

Authors : Santas-Miguel V, Fernandez-Sanjurjo MJ, Nunez-Delgado A...

Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 269, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110838

**Abstract:** Tetracycline antibiotics (TA) used in veterinary medicine reach terrestrial ecosystems mostly via the repeated applications of animal manures and slurries on agricultural soils, where they may cause toxic effects on bacterial communities. In the current work, we studied the efficacy of adding doses of 0, 6, 24 and 48 g kg (-1) of biomass ash (BA) to four different soils to reduce potential negative effects of tetracycline antibiotics. Specifically, soil samples were polluted with different concentrations of tetracycline, oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline, and the bacterial community growth was estimated using the H-3 leucine

incorporation technique. Soil amendment with BA increased soil pH (1.3-4.8 units), total carbon (0.7-5.8 g kg (-1)) and Fe and Al oxides concentrations (0.25-3.98 g kg(-1)), as well as bacterial activity (1-9 times compared to the control). In addition, BA amendment at high doses (24 or 48 g kg (-1)) resulted in a similar toxicity decrease for the three antibiotics, but with variations among soils. The reductions in antibiotics toxicity were very variable, ranging between 5% and 100% (total recovery). In view of that, the spreading of BA could be interesting as management practice to reduce risks of soil pollution and subsequent toxicity on bacterial communities due to tetracycline antibiotics.

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Additive effects of metal
excess and superoxide, a
highly toxic mixture in
bacteria

Authors: Steunou AS, Babot M, Bourbon L

Source: MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2020, DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13589

**Abstract:** Heavy metal contamination is a serious environmental problem. Understanding the toxicity mechanisms may allow to lower concentration of metals in the metal-based antimicrobial treatments of crops, and reduce metal content in soil and groundwater. Here, we investigate the interplay between metal efflux systems and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the purple bacteriumRubrivivax gelatinosusand other bacteria through analysis of the impact of metal accumulation. Exposure of the Cd2+-efflux mutant Delta cadAto Cd (2+)caused an increase in the amount and activity of the cytosolic Fe-Sod SodB, thereby suggesting a role of SodB in the protection against Cd2+. In support of this conclusion, inactivation ofsodBgene in the Delta cadAcells alleviated detoxification of superoxide and enhanced Cd (2+) toxicity. Similar findings were described in the Cu+-efflux mutant with Cu+. Induction of the Mn-Sod or Fe-Sod in response to metals in other bacteria, includingEscherichia coli, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Pseudomonas putida*, *Vibrio cholera* and *Bacillus subtilis*, was also shown. Both excess Cd (2+) or Cu(+)and superoxide can damage [4Fe-4S] clusters. The additive effect of metal and superoxide on the [4Fe-4S] could
therefore explain the hypersensitive phenotype in mutants lacking SOD and the efflux ATPase. These findings underscore that ROS defence system becomes decisive for bacterial survival under metal excess.

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## Enhancing the plants growth and arsenic uptake from soil using arsenite-oxidizing bacteria

**Authors:** Debiec-Andrzejewska K, Krucon TT, Piatkowska K, Drewniak L

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 264, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114692

**Abstract:** Plants that naturally inhabit arsenic-contaminated areas may be used for effective arsenic-uptake from soil. The efficiency of this process may be increased by the reducing arsenic phytotoxicity and stimulating the activity of indigenous soil microbiota. As we showed, it can be achieved by the bioaugmenting of soil with arsenite-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). This study aimed to investigate the influence of soil bioaugmentation with AOB on the structure, quantity, and activity of the indigenous soil microbiota as well as to estimate the effect of such changes on the morphology, growth rate, and arsenic-uptake efficiency of plants. Plant microbes interactions were investigated using the effective arsenites oxidizer Ensifer sp. M14 and the native plant alfalfa. The experiments were performed both in potted garden soil enriched with arsenic and in highly arsenic polluted, natural soil. The presence of M14 strain in soil contributed to the increase both in plants growth intensity and arsenic-uptake efficiency with regard to the soil without M14. After 40 days of plants culture, their average biomass increased by about 60% compared to nonbioaugmented soil, while the arsenic accumulation increased more than two times. The soil bioaugmentation contributed also to the increase in the quantity and activity of soil microorganisms without disturbing the natural microbial community structure. In the bioaugmented soil, the noticeable increase in the quantity of heterotrophic, denitrifying, nitrifying and cellulolytic bacteria as well as in the activity of dehydrogenases and cellulases were observed. Soil bioaugmentation with M14 enables the

application of native and commonly occurring plant species for enhancing the treatment of arsenic-contaminated soil. This in situ strategy may constitute a valuable alternative both to the chemical and physical methods of arsenic removal from soil and to the biological ways based on the arsenic hyperaccumulating plants and/or the arsenic mobilizing bacteria.

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## Lead and cadmium-resistant bacterial species isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils show plant growth-promoting traits

**Authors:** Abdollahi S, Golchin A, Shahryari F

**Source:** INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00133-1

**Abstract:** Application of metal-resistant rhizobacteria is a promising approach for detoxification and bioremediation of contaminated soils. In order to isolate, identify, and characterize lead and cadmium-resistant bacteria, nearly 30 soil samples were collected from heavy metal-contaminated sites, and five resistant bacterial strains were isolated and identified based on their cultural, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics as *Enterobacter cloacae*, *Enterobacter kobei*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Rhizobium pusense*, and *Agrobacterium tumefaciens*. The nucleotide information of these strains is available in GenBank under the accession numbers of MH327251, MH327252, MH327253, MH327254, and MK123361, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against lead and cadmium differed for each isolate and the isolates showed higher MIC against lead (3500 μg ml(-1)) than cadmium (100 μg ml(-1)). Assessment of the heavy metal degradation capacity of the species showed 10-60% and 5-40% reduction in concentrations of lead and cadmium, respectively. The highest ability for P-solubilization was measured for the *R. pusense*, *A. tumefaciens*, and *B. cereus* species, while the *R. pusense* and *B. cereus* species had the capability to solubilize potassium. The studied species also had the ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and/or hydrogen cyanide production (HCN). Inoculation of ornamental
cabbage cultivated in a heavy metal-contaminated soil with the isolated species significantly increased biomass and Pb and Cd uptake of the plant. With respect to plant growth promoting and heavy metal-resistant traits of the studied species, it is concluded that these species can have great significance in bioremediation and management of environmental pollution.

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## Application of rapeseed residue increases soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity and mitigates cadmium pollution risk in paddy fields

Authors: Yang WT, Zhou H, Gu JF...

Source: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 264, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114681

**Abstract:** Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a winter oil crop and biodiesel resource that has been widely cultivated in the southern part of China. Applying rapeseed residue (RSD) to summer rice fields is a common agricultural practice under rice-rapeseed double cropping systems. However, in Cd-contaminated paddy fields, the influence mechanisms of this agricultural practice on the migration and distribution of Cd fractions in soil are not clear. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to analyse the changes in soil pH, organic matter (OM), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), enzyme activity (urease (UA), acid phosphatase (ACP), and dehydrogenase (DH)), Cd distribution fractions, and Cd concentration in rice tissues after RSD application. The results showed that RSD treatment significantly increased the soil OM and MBC concentrations and UA, ACP, and DH activities, decreased the soil acetic acid-extractable fraction of Cd (ACI-Cd), and increased the reducible fraction of Cd (Red-Cd). The formation of stable organic complexes and chelates upon application of RSD is a result of the high affinity of Cd for soil OM. The activities of soil ACP, DH and MBC can well reflect Cd ecotoxicity in soil, particularly the DH activity. In addition, RSD application was helpful in inducing iron plaque formation. The "barrier" effect of

iron plaque resulted in reduced Cd accumulation in different tissues of rice. The health risk of rice consumption also decreased as a result of RSD application; it decreased by 0.89-30.0% and 24.1 -51.7% in the two tested fields. Overall, the application of RSD was increased soil OM, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, and these changes was instrumental in reduce the risk of cadmium pollution in rice fields.

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## The guanidine thiocyanate-high EDTA method for total microbial RNA extraction from severely heavy metal-contaminated soils

Authors: Pei YX, Mamtimin T, Ji J...

Source: MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2020, DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13615

**Abstract:** Molecular analyses relying on RNA, as a direct way to unravel active microbes and their functional genes, have received increasing attention from environmental researchers recently. However, extracting sufficient and high-quality total microbial RNA from seriously heavy metal-contaminated soils is still a challenge. In this study, the guanidine thiocyanate-high EDTA (GTHE) method was established and optimized for recovering high quantity and quality of RNA from long-term heavy metal-contaminated soils. Due to the low microbial biomass in the soils, we combined multiple strong denaturants and intense mechanical lysis to break cells for increasing RNA yields. To minimize RNAase and heavy metals interference on RNA integrity, the concentrations of guanidine thiocyanate and EDTA were increased from 0.5 to 0.625 ml g(-1) soil and 10 to 100 mM, respectively. This optimized GTHE method was applied to seven severely contaminated soils, and the RNA recovery efficiencies were 2.80 similar to 59.41 μμg g(-1) soil. The total microbial RNA of non-Cr(VI) (NT) and Cr(VI)-treated (CT) samples was utilized for molecular analyses. The result of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expressions of two tested genes, chrAandyieF, were respectively upregulated 4.12- and 62.43-fold after Cr(VI) treatment. The total microbial RNA extracted from NT and CT samples, respectively,
reached to 26.70 mg and 30.75 mg, which were much higher than the required amount (5 mg) for metatranscriptomic library construction. Besides, ratios of mRNA read were more than 86%, which indicated the high-quality libraries constructed for metatranscriptomic analysis. In summary, the GTHE method is useful to study microbes of contaminated habitats.

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## The response of arsenic bioavailability and microbial community in paddy soil with the application of sulfur fertilizers

Authors: Tang X, Li LY, Wu C...

Source: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 264, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114679

**Abstract:** Arsenic (As) has been recognized as one of the most toxic metalloids present in the surface soil contaminating food chain and posing threat to human life. Sulfur (S) fertilizer is often supplied in paddy soil for rice growth, but its impact on As mobility and related bacteria remains poorly understood. In this study, a pot experiment was set up with two different types of sulfur treatments (element sulfur and Na2SO4) to evaluate the effect of sulfur fertilizers on As speciation in porewater, As fractions in soil, As accumulation in rice plants. Besides, rhizosphere bacterial composition and functional genes that might influence As mobility were also studied. The results revealed that the addition of 150 mg/kg Na2SO4 decreased As (III) and As(V) concentrations in soil porewater at maturation stage by 77% and 64%, respectively. With the same sulfur content, Na2SO4 was more effective than element sulfur. The addition of sulfur fertilizers promoted rice growth and reduced As accumulation in shoots, further reduced As translocation from root to above-ground parts by 39-59%. The addition of sulfur fertilizers had little effect on genes involved in As metabolism. However, the relative abundance of Fe(III) and sulfate reduction related genera increased with the addition of 150 mg/kg Na2SO4, consistent with the increase of Fe(III) reducing bacteria Geobacteraceae and sulfate reducing gene dsrA. The phenomenon likely influenced the decrease of As concentrations in soil porewater and rice

uptake. The outcomes indicate that promoting Fe- and S- reducing bacteria in the rhizosphere by sulfur fertilizers may be one way to reduce As risk in the soil-rice system.

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## Richness and metallo-tolerance of cultivable fungi recovered from three high altitude glaciers from Citlaltepetl and Iztaccihuatl volcanoes (Mexico)

Authors: Calvillo-Medina RP, Gunde-Cimerman N, Escudero-Leyva E...

Source: EXTREMOPHILES 24, 4: 625-636, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01182-0

**Abstract:** In Mexico little is known about high-altitude glacial psychrotolerant or psychrophilic fungal species, with most glacial fungi isolated from polar environments or Alpine glaciers. It has been documented that some of these species may play an important role in bioremediation of contaminated environments with heavy metals. In the present study, 75 fungi were isolated from glaciers in Citlaltepetl (5675 masl) and Iztaccihuatl (5286 masl) volcanoes. Combining morphological characteristics and molecular methods, based on ITS rDNA, 38 fungi were partially identified to genus level, 35 belonging to Ascomycota and three to Mucoromycota. The most abundant genera were Cladosporium, followed by Alternaria and Sordariomycetes. All isolated fungi were psychrotolerant, pigmented and resistant to different concentrations of Cr(III) and Pb(II), while none tolerated Hg(II). Fungi most tolerant to Cr(III) and Pb(II) belong to the genera Stemphylium, Cladosporium and Penicillium to a lesser extent. Aureobasidium and Sordariomycetes. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cultivable mycobiota richness and their Cr and Pb tolerance. The results open new research possibilities about fungal diversity and heavy metals myco-remediation. Extremophilic fungal communities should be further investigated before global warming causes permanent changes and we miss the opportunity to describe these sites in Mexico.

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# Effect of depleted uranium on a soil microcosm fungal community and influence of a plant-ectomycorrhizal association

**Authors:** Fomina M, Hong JW, Gadd GM

**Source:** FUNGAL BIOLOGY 124, 5:289-296, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.08.001

**Abstract:** Fungi are one of the most biogeochemically active components of the soil microbiome, becoming particularly important in metal polluted terrestrial environments. There is scant information on the mycobiota of uranium (U) polluted sites and the effect of metallic depleted uranium (DU) stress on fungal communities in soil has not been reported. The present study aimed to establish the effect of DU contamination on a fungal community in soil using a culture-independent approach, fungal ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (F-RISA). Experimental soil microcosms also included variants with plants (Pinus silvestris) and P. silvestris/Rhizopogon rubescens ectomycorrhizal associations. Soil contamination with DU resulted in the appearance of RISA bands of the ITS fragments of fungal metagenomic DNA that were characteristic of the genus Mortierella (Mortierellomycotina: Mucoromycota) in pine-free microcosms and for ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Scleroderma (Basidiomycota) in microcosms with mycorrhizal pines. The precise taxonomic affinity of the ITS fragments from the band appearing for non-mycorrhizal pines combined with DU remained uncertain, the most likely being related to the sub- phylum Zoopagomycotina. Thus, soil contamination by thermodynamically unstable metallic depleted uranium can cause a significant change in a soil fungal community under experimental conditions. These changes were also strongly affected by the presence of pine seedlings and their mycorrhizal status which impacted on DU biocorrosion and the release of bioavailable uranium species. (C) 2019 British Mycological Society.

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# Catchment-scale export of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria from an agricultural watershed in central Iowa

**Authors:** Neher TP, Ma L, Moorman TB, Howe AC, Soupir ML

**Source:** PLOS ONE, 15, 1, 2020, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227136

**Abstract:** Antibiotics are administered to livestock in animal feeding operations (AFOs) for the control, prevention, and treatment of disease. Manure from antibiotic treated livestock contains unmetabolized antibiotics that provide selective pressure on bacteria, facilitating the expression of anti-microbial resistance (AMR). Manure application on row crops is an agronomic practice used by growers to meet crop nutrient needs; however, it can be a source of AMR to the soil and water environment. This study in central Iowa aims to directly compare AMR indicators in outlet runoff from two adjacent (221 to 229 ha) manured and non-manured catchments (manure comparison), and among three catchments (600 to 804 ha) with manure influence, no known manure application (control), and urban influences (mixed land use comparison). Monitored AMR indicators included antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) ermB, ermF (macrolide), tetA, tetM, tetO, tetW (tetracycline), sul1, sul2 (sulfonamide), aadA2 (aminoglycoside), vgaA, and vgaB (pleuromutilin), and tylosin and tetracycline resistant enterococci bacteria. Results of the manure comparison showed significantly higher (p&#60; 0.05) tetracycline and tylosin resistant bacteria from the catchment with manure application in 2017, but no differences in 2018, possibly due to changes in antibiotic use resulting from the Veterinary Feed Directive. Moreover, the ARG analysis indicated a larger diversity of ARGs at the manure amended catchment. The mixed land use comparison showed the manure amended catchment had significantly higher (p <0.05) tetracycline resistant bacteria in 2017 and significantly higher tylosin resistant bacteria in 2017 and 2018 than the urban influenced catchment. The urban influenced catchment had significantly higher ermB concentrations in both sampling years, however the manure applied catchment runoff consisted of higher relative abundance of total ARGs. Additionally, both
catchments showed higher AMR indicators compared to the control catchment. This study identifies four ARGs that might be specific to AMR as a result of agricultural sources (tetM, tetW, sul1, sul2) and optimal for use in watershed scale monitoring studies for tracking resistance in the environment.

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ERA / PUBLICATIONS
SCIENTIFIQUES / PESTICIDES ET FAUNE SAUVAGE

A National-Scale Assessment of Mercury Bioaccumulation in United States National Parks Using Dragonfly Larvae As Biosentinels through a Citizen-Science Framework

**Authors:** Eagles-Smith CA, Willacker JJ, Nelson SJ, Flanagan Pritz CM, Krabbenhoft DP, Chen CY, Ackerman JT, Grant EH, Pilliod D

**Source:** Environ Sci Technol 54(14):8779-8790, 2020, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01255

**Abstract:** We conducted a national-scale assessment of mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems, using dragonfly larvae as biosentinels, by developing a citizen-science network to facilitate biological sampling. (...) We assessed the variation in dragonfly Hg concentrations across > 450 sites spanning 100 United States National Park Service units and examined intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the variation in Hg concentrations. (...) this continental-scale study demonstrates the utility of dragonfly larvae (...)

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Identifying agricultural pesticides that may pose a risk for birds

**Authors:** Tassin de Montaigu C, Goulson D

**Source:** Peer J 8:e9526, 2020, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9526

**Abstract:** In this study, we analyze changing patterns of pesticide use in agriculture in Great Britain over the 1990-2016 period, with respect to the risk they pose to birds. (...) In this analysis, we estimate the annual 'toxic load' of agricultural pesticide use in Great Britain for birds, measured as the total number of LD50 doses for corn buntings, *Emberiza calandra*. We have previously performed similar analyses for bees, for which the total toxic load increased six-fold during this period. In contrast, for birds the total toxic load fell by 80.5%, (...) The decrease in toxicity is largely due to declining use of highly toxic organophosphates in recent years. (...).

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Risk Assessment of Cd, Cu, and Pb from the consumption of hunted meat: red-legged partridge and wild rabbit

**Authors:** Sevillano-Morales JS, Sevillano-Caño J, Cámara-Martos F...

**Source:** Biol Trace Elem Res 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02290-w

**Abstract:** The objective was to assess that potential health risk from Cd, Cu, and Pb, through the consumption of hunted red-legged partridge and wild rabbit meat, (...) The data show that exposure to these metals from eating red-legged partridge and wild rabbit meat from a hunting provenance is relatively low (...) However, a high Pb content in the meat of these species and a high consumption may pose a greater health risk to hunters.

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Development of a simple multiresidue extraction method for the quantification of a wide polarity range list of pesticides and transformation
## products in eggs by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

**Authors:** Dufour V, Wiest L, Cardoso O...

**Source:** Journal of Chromatography A, 461447, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461447

**Abstract:** (...) This study was conducted to develop a single sensitive and robust analytical method for the monitoring of 2 fungicides, 15 herbicides, 3 insecticides and 24 transformation products in wild bird eggs. One of the major challenges addressed was the characterization of chemicals with large logP range (from -1.9 to 4.8). A total of 11 different extraction parameters were tested in triplicate to optimize the extraction protocol, on generic parameters, buffer addition and use of clean-up steps. (...)

Extraction recoveries were superior to 50 % even for the most polar TP. (...) Inter-day precision relative standard deviations were inferior to 22 % at LOQ (...)

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## Avian eggshell thickness in relation to egg morphometrics, embryonic development, and mercury contamination

**Authors:** Peterson SH, Ackerman JT, Herzog MP...

**Source:** Ecology and Evolution 2020, DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6570

**Abstract:** Eggshell thickness is important for physiological, ecological, and ecotoxicological studies on birds; however, empirical eggshell thickness measurements for many species and regions are limited. We measured eggshell thickness at the equator and the egg poles for 12 avian species and related eggshell thickness to egg morphometrics, embryonic development, egg status, and mercury contamination. (...) Within species, eggshell thickness was related to egg width and egg volume for six of the 12 species but was not related to egg length for any

species. (...) Using three species (...) whose nests were carefully monitored, eggshell thickness did not differ among (...) total mercury concentrations of the egg content; (...)

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## Endocrine Disruption: Current approaches for regulatory testing and assessment of plant protection products are fit for purpose

**Authors:** Day P, Green RM, Gross M, Weltje L, Wheeler JR

**Source:** TOXICOLOGY LETTERS 296:10-22, 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.011

**Abstract:** The ongoing debate concerning the regulation of endocrine disruptors, has increasingly led to questions concerning the current testing of chemicals and whether this is adequate for the assessment of potential endocrine disrupting effects. This paper describes the current testing approaches for plant protection product (PPP) active substances in the European Union and the United States and how they relate to the assessment of endocrine disrupting properties for human, wildlife and environmental health. (...)

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## The influence of natural variation and organohalogenated contaminants on physiological parameters in white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) nestlings from Norway

**Authors:** Loseth ME, Flo J, Sonne C, Krogh AKH, Nygard T, Bustnes JO, Jaspers VLB...

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 177, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108586
**Abstract:** (...) Plasma and feather samples were obtained from 70 nestlings at two archipelagos in Norway in 2015 and 2016. The selected physiological parameters were plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones (...), plasma proteins (...) and selected blood clinical chemical parameters (BCCPs) associated with liver and kidney functioning. Feather concentrations of corticosterone (CORTf) were also included to investigate the overall stress level of the nestlings. (...) Most of the variation in each studied physiological parameter was explained by variation between nests, which is most likely due to natural physiological variation of nestlings in these nests. (...) indicates a potential for OHC-induced effects on thyroid hormones, CORTf, prealbumin and BCCPs, which could be of concern in birds exposed to higher OHC concentrations than the present white-tailed eagle nestlings.

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## Environment and food web structure interact to alter the trophic magnification of persistent chemicals across river ecosystems

**Authors:** Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Morrissey CA, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 717, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137271

**Abstract:** Legacy organic pollutants persist in freshwater environments, but there is limited understanding of how their trophic transfer and effects vary across riverine ecosystems with different land use, biological communities and food webs. Here, we investigated the trophic magnification of POPs (...) across nine riverine food webs in contrasting hydrological catchments across South Wales (United Kingdom). (...) data highlight interactions between pollutant properties, environmental conditions and biological network structure in the transfer and biomagnification of POPs (...)

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## Agrochemicals and neurogenesis

**Authors:** Rossetti MF, Stoker C, Ramos JG

**Source:** MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110820

**Abstract:** (...) most of pesticides also act as environmental estrogens, anti-estrogens and/or antiandrogenic chemicals. (...) This review focuses on the most commonly used agrochemicals in Argentina and their effects on the hippocampal neurogenesis of mammals. It also discusses the disruption of hormone synthesis and action as a possible mechanism through which these chemical compounds could alter the brain functions. (...) propose some lines of research to study the potential endocrine mechanisms involved in the effects of agrochemicals on human health and biodiversity.

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## A sublethal dose of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid reduces sperm density in a songbird

**Authors:** Humann-Guilleminot S, Tassin de Montaigu C, Sire J...

**Source:** Environ Res. 177:108589, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108589

**Abstract:** Farmland bird species are particularly exposed to pesticides through various pathways. Among pesticides, neonicotinoids insecticides are commonly used in agriculture, but their influence on bird reproductive capacities is poorly understood. In this study, we experimentally tested the effects of the neonicotinoid acetamiprid on House sparrows' sperm quality and oxidative status following ingestion of a low and field-realistic dose of the compound. (...) Birds that received oral doses of acetamiprid suffered a significant decline in their sperm density compared to control birds. (...) These results provide the first evidence of sublethal toxicity of acetamiprid in a songbird and suggest that passerine birds' fertility may be
negatively affected by very small doses of neonicotinoids in the wild.

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# Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) during the wintering season in Sinaloa, Mexico

**Authors:** Cruz-Acevedo E, Betancourt-Lozano M, Castillo-Guerrero JA...

**Source:** Environ Monit Assess 192, 475, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08458-0

**Abstract:** The Western Sandpiper, *Calidris mauri*, is one of the most abundant migratory shorebirds in the Western Hemisphere. (...) We described the presence and concentration of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Western Sandpiper muscle and liver tissues collected (...) during the wintering (December-January) and premigration (March-April) periods of 2010 and 2011, respectively. The individual OCP concentrations varied from 0.003 to 0.127 µg/g dry weight (dw) and were lower than the established thresholds for either acute or chronic effects. Western Sandpipers in SM-Premigration had the highest frequency of OCPs (39.3%), followed by EP-Winter (32.1%) and SM-Winter (28.5%). The frequency of occurrence of all OCPs in the liver presented differences between sites during the wintering period as well as between the wintering and premigration periods in SM. (...)

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# Mercury exposure to swallows breeding in Canada inferred from feathers grown on breeding and non-breeding grounds

**Authors:** Kardynal KJ, Jardine TD, Génier CSV...

**Source:** Ecotoxicology, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02249-6

**Abstract:** Aerial insectivorous birds such as swallows have been the steepest declining groups of birds in North America over the last 50 years but whether such declines are linked to contaminants has not been examined. We sampled feathers from five species of swallow at multiple locations to assess total mercury [THg] exposure for adults during the non-breeding season, and for juveniles on the breeding grounds. We assessed Hg exposure to juvenile birds in crop- and grass-dominated landscapes to determine if land-use practices influenced feather [THg]. We assayed feathers for stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N) as proxies for relative habitat use and diet to determine their potential influence on feather [THg]. Feather [THg] was highest in adult bank swallows (Riparia riparia) and purple martins (Progne subis) from Saskatchewan and adult cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) from western regions, indicating differential exposure to Hg on the non-breeding grounds. Juvenile bank, barn (Hirundo rustica) and tree (Tachycineta bicolor) swallows had lower feather [THg] in crop-dominated landscapes than grass-dominated landscapes in Saskatchewan, potentially resulting from lower use of wetland-derived insects due to wetland drainage and intensive agriculture. Feather [THg] was related to juvenile feather stable isotopes for several species, suggesting complex interactions with diet and environmental factors. Many individuals had feather [THg] values 2 µg/g, a threshold at which deleterious effects may occur. Our findings indicate differential Hg exposure among species of swallow, regions and land-uses and highlight the need for additional research to determine dietary and finer-scale land-use impacts on individual species and populations.

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# A novel use of the leukocyte coping capacity assay to assess the immunomodulatory effects of organohalogenated contaminants in avian wildlife

**Authors:** Hansen E, Huber N, Bustnes JO, Herzke D, Bårdsen BJ, Eulaers I, Johnsen TV, Bourgeon S
**Source:** Environment International, 142, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105861

**Abstract:** Leukocyte Coping Capacity LCC is a functional real-time measure of innate immunity. Higher OHC exposure resulted in a reduced LCC, regardless of OHC concentrations. Our results suggest immunomodulatory effects of both legacy and emerging OHCs. We propose LCC as a relevant assay to expand the toolbox of wildlife ecotoxicology. (...)

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Levels and distribution pattern of organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs of 22 terrestrial birds from Tamil Nadu, India

**Authors:** Venugopal D, Subramanian M, Rajamani J, Palaniyappan J, Samidurai J, Arumugam A

**Source:** Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09978-5

**Abstract:** Long-term monitoring is essential to assess the patterns and distribution of the residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in biota. Bird eggs have several advantages than other environmental matrixes, which have been used extensively to portray the accumulation and distribution of OCPs. (...) Eggs found abandoned were collected during nest monitoring between 2001 and 2008 and analyzed for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues.

The results showed that

- the mean concentrations of total hexachlorohexane (ΣHCHs), total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDTs), heptachlor epoxide, and dieldrin ranged from non-detectable (nd) to 2800 ng/g, nd to 1000 ng/g, nd to 700 ng/g, and nd to 240 ng/g on a wet mass (wm) basis, respectively.

- The variation in magnitude of contamination among the species and feeding guilds were not significantly different (p &#62; 0.05). (...) Hence, this study indicates the need for continued monitoring and further systematic ecotoxicological investigation of these compounds not only in eggs but also in other environmental media.

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Mortality and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Butterflies Following Aerial Naled Applications for Mosquito Control on the National Key Deer Refuge

**Authors:** Bargar TA, Anderson C, Sowers A

**Source:** Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00745-8

**Abstract:** Natural resource managers are concerned about the impacts of aerial ultra-low volume spray (ULV) of insecticides for mosquito control (i.e., mosquito adulticides) and seek science-driven management recommendations that reduce risk but allow vector control for nearby human populations. Managers at the National Key Deer Refuge (Florida Keys, FL) are concerned for ULV effects upon conservation efforts for imperiled butterflies (Florida leafwing [Anaea troglodyta floridalis] and Bartram's hairstreak [Strymon acis bartrami] butterflies). (...) To address this uncertainty, cholinesterase activity (ChE) and mortality were monitored for caged butterflies gulf fritillary [Agraulis vanilla] and great southern white [Ascia monuste]) deployed on the Refuge during three aerial ULV applications of the insecticide naled. Residue samplers also were deployed to estimate butterfly exposure. (...) Data from the present study reflect the inconsistent effectiveness of no-spray zones on the Refuge using standard methods employed at the time by the vector control agency in the Florida Keys (...)

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Micro QuEChERS-based method for the simultaneous biomonitoring in whole blood of 360 toxicologically relevant pollutants for wildlife

**Authors:** Rial-Berriel, C; Acosta-Dacal, A; Zumbado, M; Luzardo, OP