**Source:** Science of The Total Environment
736:139444, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139444

**Abstract:** This work presents the optimization, validation, and verification of a miniaturized method for the determination of 360 environmental pollutants that are of toxicological concern for wildlife. The method implies a one-step QuEChERS-based extraction of 250 µl whole blood using acidified acetonitrile, followed by two complementary analyses by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. The optimized conditions allow the simultaneous determination of the major persistent organic pollutants, a wide range of plant protection products, rodenticides, pharmaceuticals, and a suite of metabolites that can be used as biomarkers of exposure. (...) The method was applied to a series of 148 samples of nocturnal and diurnal wild raptors collected during field ecological studies in 2018 and 2019. (...), the results clearly demonstrated that the approach developed (...) makes it very useful to obtain valuable data in biomonitoring studies with only small amounts of sample.

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Blood concentrations of 50
elements in Eagle owl (Bubo
bubo) at different
contamination scenarios and
related effects on plasma
vitamin levels - ScienceDirect

Authors: Sanchez VP, León-Ortega M, Calvo J, Camarero P...

Source: Environmental Pollution 265:115012, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115012

**Abstract:** Some metals and metalloids (e.g. Pb, Hg, Cd and As) are well-known for their bioaccumulation capacity and their toxic effects on birds, but concerns on other minor elements and rare earth elements (ME and REE) are growing due to their intensive use in modern technology and potential toxicity. Vitamins and carotenoids play essential roles in nestling growth and proper development, and are known to be affected by the metals classically considered as toxic. (...) The main goals of this study are: (i) to assess the exposure to 50 elements (i.e. classic toxic elements, trace

elements, REE and ME) in nestling Eagle owls (Bubo bubo) inhabiting three differently polluted environments (mining, industrial and control areas) in southeastern Spain, and (ii) to evaluate how element exposure affects plasma vitamin and carotenoid levels, hematocrit and body measurements (mass and wing length) of the individuals.

Our results show that local contamination in the mining area contributes to increased blood concentrations of Pb, As and Tl in nestlings, while diet differences between control and mining/industrial areas may account for the different levels of Mn, Zn, and Sr in blood, and lutein in plasma. Plasma tocopherol levels were increased in the mining-impacted environment, which may be a mechanism of protection to prevent toxic element-related oxidative stress. (...)

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Physiological effects of toxic
elements on a wild nightjar
species

Authors: Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Zamora-Marí JM...

Source: Environmental Pollution 114568, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114568.

**Abstract:** Nightjars are considered human-
tolerant species due to the population densities
reached in strongly managed landscapes. (...)
The main aim of this study was to evaluate how
metal exposure affects physiology and condition
in red-necked nightjar populations inhabiting
three different environments in southeastern
Spain: agricultural-urban area (n = 15
individuals), mining area (n = 17) and control
area (n = 16).

(...) Blood concentrations of toxic metals (As, Pb, Cd and Hg) were negatively associated with calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, ALP, total proteins and body condition index. This could lead to metal-related disorders in mineral metabolism and ALP activity that may potentially increase the risk of skeletal pathologies and consequent risk of fractures in the long term, compromising the survival of individuals.

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# The effects of climate, habitat, and trophic position on methylmercury bioavailability for breeding New York songbirds

**Authors:** Adams EM, Sauer AK, Lane O...

**Source:** Ecotoxicology 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02151-w

**Abstract:** Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects songbird populations across a variety of ecosystems following conversion to methylmercury (MeHg)—a form of Hg with high potential for bioaccumulation and bioavailability. (...) Using songbirds as an indicator of MeHg bioavailability in terrestrial ecosystems, we evaluated the role of habitat, climate, and trophic level in dictating MeHg exposure risk across a variety of ecosystems. (...) we found that wetland habitat area within 100 m of capture location, 50-year average of summer maximum temperatures, and trophic position inferred using stable isotope analysis were all correlated with songbird blood Hg concentrations statewide. Moreover, these patterns had a large degree of spatial variability suggesting that the drivers of MeHg bioavailability differed significantly across the state. (...)

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# Nest-boxes for raptors as a biological control system of vole pests: High local success with moderate negative consequences for non-target species

**Authors:** Paz Luna A, Bintanel H, Viñuela J, Villanúa D

**Source:** Biological Control 146, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104267

**Abstract:** Biological control of rodents in agricultural areas, increasing avian predator abundance by nest-box provisioning, has been proposed during the last decades in several regions around the world as an alternative to the widespread use of anticoagulant rodenticides

(AR) to protect crops. (...) Here we test the effectiveness of providing nest-boxes to common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and barn owls (*Tyto alba*) in reducing the abundance of two different vole species using indirect index methods to estimate rodent abundance in late spring (May). We monitored the abundance of both vole species in a treatment (with nest boxes) and control (without nest boxes) areas during three years in alfalfa fields, using a BACI design.

Our results showed a clear-cut reduction in the abundance of the two vole species, the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and the mediterranean-pine vole (Microtus duodecimcostatus) in the experimental area after applying the treatment (nest box installation) in alfalfa crops. We also found a significant decrease in the presence of both species of voles on fruit-tree plantations and alfalfa crops but we did not find significant effects in the cereal fields, where voles were in general very scarce. These results suggest higher efficacy of biological control in this study area than in some areas of NW Spain, what could be explained by several non-exclusive hypotheses presented in the discussion.

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# Mediation of Oxidative Stress Toxicity Induced by Pyrethroid Pesticides in Fish

**Authors:** Yang C, Lim W, Song G

**Source:** Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 234:108758, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108758

**Abstract:** In this review, we examine the occurrence of pyrethroid pesticides in the aquatic environment and oxidative stress-induced toxicity in fish exposed to pyrethroids. Organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides are banned in most countries because they cause high toxicity and bioaccumulation in non-target organisms. However, pyrethroids are approximately 1000 times more toxic to fish than to mammals and birds. Fish-specific organs such as the gills and their late metabolic action against this type of pesticide make fish highly susceptible to the toxicity of pyrethroid pesticides. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the neurological, reproductive, and developmental toxicity caused by pyrethroids. Deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and lambda-
cyhalothrin are representative pyrethroid
pesticides (...)

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Toxic Elements in Blood of
Red-Necked Nightjars
(Caprimulgus Ruficollis)
Inhabiting Differently
Polluted Environments

Authors: Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Zamora-Marín JM...

Source: Environ Pollut. 262:114334, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114334

**Abstract:** (...) rare earth elements (REE) and other minor elements (ME) are becoming a new threat due to their use in modern technology. (...) The order Caprimulgiformes is among the most understudied groups of birds (...) we sampled 48 red-necked nightjars (Caprimulgus ruficollis) inhabiting three different scenarios of contaminant exposure (agricultural-urban area, n = 15; mining area, n = 17; and control area, n = 16) in southeastern Spain, and report for the first time concentrations of 50 elements (i.e. trace elements, ATSDR's list toxic elements, REE and ME) (...). Concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Mn were significantly higher in individuals captured at the mining area compared to the other sites. Lead levels in the mine site were of particular concern since it was in the range of blood concentrations related to subclinical/clinical effects in other species, (...) Moreover, additive effects related to metal cocktail exposure in the mining area could be expected. (...) most REE and ME concentrations were close to the LOQ, (...).

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Longitudinally Monitored
Lifetime Changes in Blood
Heavy Metal Concentrations
and Their Health Effects in
Urban Birds

Authors: Bauerová P, Krajzingrová T, Těšický M...

Source: Sci Total Environ 723:138002, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138002

**Abstract:** Urban heavy metal pollution can impair the health of humans and other organisms inhabiting cities. While birds are suggested as one of the appropriate bioindicators for essential and non-essential trace element monitoring, the process of particular elements' accumulation in blood and its possible adverse health effects during ageing of individuals remain unexplored. We have investigated lifetime changes in blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn) concentrations and searched for links to health-related traits in sub-urban free-living great tit (Parus major) population (...) This study demonstrates the suitability of avian blood for actual heavy metal spatial and temporal biomonitoring even in situations when the precise age of the individuals remains unknown.

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From seeds to plasma:
Confirmed exposure of
multiple farmland bird
species to clothianidin during
sowing of winter cereals

Authors: Lennon Rosie J, Peach Will J, Dunn Jenny C, Shore Richard F, Brown Colin D...

Source: Science of The Total Environment 723, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138056

**Abstract:** (...)little is known about the extent to which farmland birds are exposed to the neonicotinoid compounds during standard agricultural practices. This study uses winter cereal, treated with the neonicotinoid clothianidin, as a test system to examine patterns of exposure in farmland birds during a typical sowing period. The availability of neonicotinoid-treated seed was recorded post-sowing at 39 fields (25 farms) (...) avian blood samples were collected from 11 species of farmland bird from a further six capture sites to quantify the prevalence and level of clothianidin exposure associated with seed treatments. (...) Exposure was confirmed in 32% of bird species observed in treated fields and 50% of individual birds post-sowing ; the median concentration recorded in positive samples was 12 ng/mL. Results here provide clear evidence that a variety of farmland birds are subject to neonicotinoid exposure following normal
agricultural sowing of neonicotinoid-treated
cereal seed. Furthermore, the widespread
availability of seeds at the soil surface was
identified as a primary source of exposure.

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Assessment of the effects of
early life exposure to
triphenyl phosphate on fear,
boldness, aggression, and
activity in Japanese quail
(Coturnix japonica) chicks

**Authors:** Hanas AK, Guigueno MF, Fernie KJ, Letcher RJ, Chamberland FSM, Head A

**Source:** Environmental Pollution 258, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113695.

**Abstract:** Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is an organophosphate ester (OPE) used as a flame retardant (FR) and plasticizer. (...) this is the first study on the behavioural effects of TPHP in birds. Early life stage Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were exposed to nominal doses of 0 ng/g (vehicle-control), 5 ng/g (low dose), 50 ng/g (mid dose), and 100 ng/g (high dose) TPHP, both as embryos (via air cell injection prior to incubation) and as chicks (via daily gavage until 5 days post-hatch). The low dose reflects TPHP levels recorded in wild avian eggs, but actual environmental exposure levels may be higher given that TPHP is known to be rapidly metabolized in birds. (...) high-TPHP chicks exhibited less neophobia than vehicle-controls, and low-TPHP chicks exhibited more aggression towards conspecifics. No differences were observed in the responses of Japanese quail chicks to activity or tonic immobility (fear response) tests.

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Organochlorine pesticides in
feathers of three raptor
species in southern Brazil

**Authors:** Aver GF, Espín S, Dal Corno RDB...

**Source:** Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 5971-5980, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07370-6

**Abstract:** In this study, we determined the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in back feathers from three raptor species, Phalcobenus chimango, Milvago chimachima and Caracara plancus. Samples were obtained from live animals and ten OCPs were detected: alpha-HCH, beta-HCH and gamma-HCH (lindane), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate and p,p'-DDE. The concentrations found were higher than those reported in other raptor species, and C. plancus showed greater values (...) This is the first study reporting OCPs in back feathers of these species in Brazil, (...).

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Trace element distribution in
tissues and risk of exposure
of ruddy shelduck wintering
in Nanhaizi Wetland, Baotou,
China

**Authors:** Liu L, Du C, Sun Y...

**Source:** Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:6429-6437, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07132-4

**Abstract:** (...) The Yellow River receives a significant amount of industrial and agricultural wastewater. Therefore, the environmental quality of NHZW directly affects the survival of migratory birds in the Baotou region. We aimed to determine the trace element distribution in tissues and risk of exposure in ruddy shelduck (...) Trace element concentration was greatest in feathers, followed by the kidneys, liver, and muscle, in descending. There was no significant difference in trace element accumulation between sexes. Exposure doses of Hg in water ; Cr, Pb, and Cu in soil ; and Pb, Cu, and Hg in corn were higher than the tolerable daily intake and may adversely affect ruddy shelduck. The calculated hazard quotients (HQ) for trace elements were ranked as follows: Hg Cr Pb Zn Cu As, where Hg and Cr were at high risk levels (HQ 1).

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Uptake, Metabolism, and
Elimination of Fungicides
from Coated Wheat Seeds in
## Japanese Quail (*Coturnix japonica*)

**Authors:** Gross MS, Bean TG, Hladik ML, Rattner BA, Kuivila KM

**Source:** Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020 68(6):1514-1524, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05668

**Abstract:** Pesticides coated to the seed surface potentially pose an ecological risk to granivorous birds (...). To assess the toxicokinetics of seeds treated, Japanese quail (*Coturnix japonica*) were orally dosed with commercially coated wheat seeds. (...) The high detection frequencies observed in fecal samples potentially offer a non-invasive matrix to monitor pesticide exposure. With the summation of total body burden across plasma, tissue, and fecal samples, less than 9% of the administered dose was identified as the parent fungicide, demonstrating the importance to monitor both active ingredients and their metabolites in biological samples.

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## Oxidative state of the frugivorous bat *Sturnira lilium* (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in agricultural and urban areas of southern Brazil

**Authors:** Oliveira FW, Schindler MSZ, Corá DH...

**Source:** Environ Sci Pollut Res 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09552-z

**Abstract:** (...) bats have been used to indicate environmental contaminants in urban and agricultural environments, since they are extremely sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and easily accumulate waste in their body tissues. (...) In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative state of *S. lilium* individuals in agricultural and urban areas in southern Brazil. (...) Parameters of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, non-protein thiols (NPSH), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were determined based on liver tissue. (...) The present findings suggest that the species *S. lilium*, which are widely distributed and abundant in Brazil in urban and agricultural

areas, can usefully be employed in biomonitoring programs. (...)

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## ERA / PUBLICATIONS

### SCIENTIFIQUES / PESTICIDES/CLIMAT et VdT/ENCHY

### Grassland management effects on earthworm communities under ambient and future climatic conditions

**Authors:** Jaswinder Singh, Erin Cameron, Thomas Reitz, Martin Schädler, Nico Eisenhauer

**Source:** European Journal of Soil Science 2020, DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12942

**Abstract:** The impacts of climate change on biodiversity can be modulated by other changing environmental conditions (e.g. induced by land-use change). The potential interactive effects of climate change and land use have rarely been studied for soil organisms. To test the effects of changing climatic conditions and land use on soil invertebrates, we examined earthworm communities across different seasons in different grassland-use types (intensively managed grassland, extensively managed meadow and extensively managed sheep pasture). (...)

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# Impacts on reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus in fertilized soils with chicken litter treated with synthetic and natural insecticide

**Authors:** Manuela Testa, Aleksandro S.da Silva, Julia Corà Segat, Carolina R.D.Maluche-Baretta, Dilmar Baretta

**Source:** Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 78:103386, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103386

**Abstract:** Poultry litter is used as a fertilizer due to the high concentration of nutrients. However, this material receives application of medicines, whether they are used to treat animals or the litter itself. Thus, the objective was to evaluate if the application in soils of poultry litter doses treated with two insecticides (cypermethrin and cinnamon oil) used to control of the Alphitobius diaperinus, affect the reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus, and the insecticides effects over time, trough of ecotoxicological tests using soils with different textural classes an Entisol and an Oxisol.

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# Alternative Evaluation to Earthworm Toxicity Test in Polychlorinated Biphenyls Spiked and Remediated Soils

**Authors:** Chungui Yu, Congkai Zhang, Zhe Ye, Xianjin Tang, Jixing Wan, Chaofeng Shen

**Source:** Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 105:250-254, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02939-1

**Abstract:** Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose a threat to environment and human health. Aiming at predicting PCBs risk in actual soil ecosystem, this study was conducted by chemical and biological methods to assess the bioavailability of PCBs in spiked soil, and in field-contaminated soils before or after remediation. The three chemical methods were Soxhlet, n-butanol and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD).

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# Evaluation of certain important biochemical parameters of four tropical earthworms in response to soil moisture and temperature variations

**Authors:** Acharya P, Mishra CSK

**Source:** J Environ Biol 41:788-795, 2020, DOI: 10.22438/jeb/41/4/MRN-1257

**Abstract:** The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in certain biochemical parameters of the earthworms, Drawida willsi (Sp1), Glyphidrilus tuberosus (Sp2), Lampito mauritii (Sp3) and Perionyx excavates (Sp4) in response to seasonal soil moisture and temperature alterations.

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# Bioaccumulation and toxic effects of penconazole in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) following soil exposure

**Authors:** Li R, Meng Z, Sun W...

**Source:** Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09815-9

**Abstract:** As an agricultural fungicide, penconazole (PEN) is widely used and has adverse effects on various organisms. In order to evaluate the ecological safety risks of PEN, the bioaccumulation and toxic effects of PEN in
earthworms were studied. (...)In general, exposure to PEN caused oxidative stress and metabolic profile disorders of earthworms. The results of this study will be helpful for further evaluation of soil ecological security of PEN.

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## Biochemical Toxicity and Potential Detoxification Mechanisms in Earthworms *Eisenia fetida* Exposed to Sulfamethazine and Copper

**Authors:** Rong H, Wang C, Liu H...

**Source:** Environ Contam Toxicol 105:255-260, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02927-5

**Abstract:** The present study investigated the biochemical toxicity and potential detoxification mechanisms in earthworms *Eisenia fetida* exposed to sulfamethazine (SMZ) (7.5, 15 and 30 mg kg-1) either alone or in combination with Copper (Cu) (100 mg kg-1) in soil.(...)

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## Novel understanding of toxicity in a life cycle perspective - The mechanisms that lead to population effect - The case of Ag (nano) materials

**Authors:** Rodrigues NP, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114277

**Abstract:** Silver (Ag) is amongst the most well studied nanomaterials (NMs), although most studies have only dealt with a single AgNM at a

time and one biological endpoint. We here integrate the results of various testing-tools (endpoints) using a terrestrial worm, the standard ecotoxicological model organism Enchytraeus crypticus. (...) Ag affects the GABAergic system hence organisms were not able to efficiently avoid and became intoxicated, this caused impacts in terms of survival and reproduction.

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## Evaluation of joint toxicity of heavy metals and herbicide mixtures in soils to earthworms (*Eisenia fetida*)

**Authors:** Xuzhi Li, Meie Wang, Rong Jiang, Liping Zheng, Weiping Chen

**Source:** JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.055

**Abstract:** It is widely acknowledged that a simplified and robust approach to evaluating the combined effects of chemical mixtures is critical for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminated soil. The earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was used as a model to study the combined effects of polymetallic contamination and the herbicide siduron in field soil using a microcosm experiment. (...)

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## Use of integrated biomarker response for evaluating antioxidant stress and DNA damage of earthworms (*Eisenia fetida*) in decabromodiphenyl ethane-contaminated soil

**Authors:** Zhao Y, Sun L, Li Q, Yan X, Li Z, Liu B, Li G

**Source:** Environ Pollut 264:114706, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114706
**Abstract:** Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a new and popular type of brominated flame retardant (BFR) with high bromine content, strong thermal stability, and ultraviolet resistance. To evaluate the potential toxicity of this new BFR to soil ecosystem, different concentrations of DBDPE were used to observe effects on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil. (...)

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# DROIT ET POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

## Plan Ecophyto 2 : lancement d'un nouvel appel à projets national

### Actu-environnement 20/08/20

L'Office français de la biodiversité (OFB) et les ministères en charge de l'agriculture et de l'écologie lancent un nouvel appel à projets national dans le cadre du plan Ecophyto 2. Cela vise une réduction de 25 % de l'usage des produits phytopharmaceutiques en 2020 puis de 50 % en 2025. Le plan prévoit aussi d'accompagner 30 000 exploitations dans leur transition vers l'agro-écologie.

Le premier volet de cet appel à projets 2020-2021 est doté d'une enveloppe globale minimum de 2,5 millions d'euros. [...]

Les porteurs de projets pourront déposer leurs lettres d'intention au plus tard le 11 octobre prochain. Puis une seconde phase de dépôt de dossiers complets pour les lettres d'intention sélectionnées est fixée au plus tard le 11 janvier 2021. La liste des projets lauréats sera rendue publique sur les sites Internet de l'OFB et des ministères concernés au plus tard le 31 mars 2021.

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# REGLEMENTATION / DROIT

## Entrée relative à l'acide perfluorooctane sulfonique et ses dérivés (SPFO) : annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1021 modifiée

RÈGLEMENT DÉLÉGUÉ (UE) 2020/1203 DE LA COMMISSION du 9 juin 2020 modifiant l'annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1021 du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'entrée relative à l'acide perfluorooctane sulfonique et ses dérivés (SPFO)

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1203, Date de signature : 09/06/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement UE/2019/1021 20/06/2019

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## Modification de l'annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1021 du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'inscription du dicofol

RÈGLEMENT DÉLÉGUÉ (UE) 2020/1204 DE LA COMMISSION du 9 juin 2020 modifiant l'annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1021 du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'inscription du dicofol
Numéro officiel, UE/2020/1204, Date de signature : 09/06/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement UE/2019/1021 20/06/2019

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## Liste de vigilance relative aux substances soumises à surveillance à l'échelle de l'Union dans le domaine de la politique de l'eau en vertu de la directive 2008/105/CE

Décision d'exécution (UE) 2020/1161 de la Commission du 4 août 2020 établissant une liste de vigilance relative aux substances soumises à surveillance à l'échelle de l'Union dans le domaine de la politique de l'eau en vertu de la directive 2008/105/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil [notifiée sous le numéro C (2020) 5205] (Texte présentant de l'intérêt pour l'EEE)

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## Produit biocide unique dénommé «ClearKlens product based on IPA» autorisé par l'Union

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1147 DE LA COMMISSION du 31 juillet 2020 accordant une autorisation de l'Union pour le produit biocide unique dénommé «ClearKlens product based on IPA»

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1147, Date de signature : 31/07/2020

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## Conditions d'importation de denrées alimentaires et d'aliments pour animaux originaires des pays tiers à la suite de l'accident survenu à

### la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1158 DE LA COMMISSION du 5 août 2020 relatif aux conditions d'importation de denrées alimentaires et d'aliments pour animaux originaires des pays tiers à la suite de l'accident survenu à la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1158, Date de signature : 05/08/2020

Liens juridiques : Abrogation Règlement CE/1635/2006 06/11/2006

Abrogation Règlement CE/1609/2000 24/07/2000

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## Approbation prolongée des substances actives sulfate d'ammonium et d'aluminium, silicate d'aluminium, farine de sang, carbonate de calcium, dioxyde de carbone...

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1160 DE LA COMMISSION du 5 août 2020 modifiant le règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 en ce qui concerne la prolongation de la validité de l'approbation des substances actives sulfate d'ammonium et d'aluminium, silicate d'aluminium, farine de sang, carbonate de calcium, dioxyde de carbone, extrait de l'arbre à thé, résidus de distillation de graisses, acides gras de C7 à C20, extrait d'ail, acide gibbérellique, gibbérellines, protéines hydrolysées, sulfate de fer, kieselgur (terre à diatomées), huiles végétales/huile de colza, hydrogénocarbonate de potassium, sable quartzeux, huile de poisson, répulsifs olfactifs d'origine animale ou végétale/graisses de mouton, phéromones de lépidoptères à chaîne linéaire, tébuconazole et urée

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1160 Date de signature : 05/08/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Limites maximales applicables aux résidus de chlorpyriphos et de chlorpyriphos-méthyl présents dans ou sur certains produits

RÈGLEMENT (UE) 2020/1085 DE LA COMMISSION du 23 juillet 2020 modifiant les annexes II et V du règlement (CE) n° 396/2005 du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne les limites maximales applicables aux résidus de chlorpyriphos et de chlorpyriphos-méthyl présents dans ou sur certains produits

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/785

Date de signature : 23/07/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification le 06/08/2020

Règlement CE/396/2005 23/02/2005

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## Icaridine approuvée en tant que substance active existante destinée à être utilisée dans les produits biocides

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1086 DE LA COMMISSION du 23 juillet 2020 approuvant l'icaridine en tant que substance active existante destinée à être utilisée dans les produits biocides relevant du type de produits 19

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1086

Date de signature : 23/07/2020

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## Non-approbation de certaines substances actives dans des produits biocides

DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1036 DE LA COMMISSION du 15 juillet 2020 concernant la non-approbation de certaines substances actives dans des produits biocides en vertu du règlement

(UE) n° 528/2012 du Parlement européen et du Conseil

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1036

Date de signature : 15/07/2020

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## Date d'expiration reportée de l'approbation de la créosote en vue de son utilisation dans les produits biocides

DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1038 DE LA COMMISSION du 15 juillet 2020 reportant la date d'expiration de l'approbation de la créosote en vue de son utilisation dans les produits biocides relevant du type de produits 8

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1038

Date de signature : 15/07/2020

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## Mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques : «pyrophosphate ferrique» approuvée en tant que substance active à faible risque

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1018 DE LA COMMISSION du 13 juillet 2020 relatif à l'approbation de la substance «pyrophosphate ferrique» en tant que substance active à faible risque, conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant le règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1018

Date de signature : 13/07/2020
Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Approbation renouvelée de la substance «pyriproxyfène» active

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/968 DE LA COMMISSION du 3 juillet 2020 renouvelant l'approbation de la substance active «pyriproxyfène» conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/968
Date de signature : 03/07/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification le 01/08/2020
Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Acide perfluorooctanoïque (PFOA), ses sels et les composés apparentés au PFOA

Rectificatif au règlement délégué (UE) 2020/784 de la Commission du 8 avril 2020 modifiant l'annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1021 du Parlement européen et du Conseil aux fins d'y inscrire l'acide perfluorooctanoïque (PFOA), ses sels et les composés apparentés au PFOA

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/784
Date de signature : 09/07/2020

Liens juridiques : Rectification Règlement délégué UE/2020/784 08/04/2020

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## Approbation renouvelée des substances «Phlebiopsis gigantea» active

## souches VRA 1835, VRA 1984 et FOC PG 410.3»

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1003 DE LA COMMISSION du 9 juillet 2020 renouvelant l'approbation des substances actives «Phlebiopsis gigantea» - souches VRA 1835, VRA 1984 et FOC PG 410.3» en tant que substances à faible risque conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1003
Date de signature : 09/07/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification le 01/09/2020
Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Approbation de la substance de base «lait de vache»

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/1004 DE LA COMMISSION du 9 juillet 2020 relatif à l'approbation de la substance de base «lait de vache» conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE) n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/1004
Date de signature : 09/07/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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## Non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active «béta-cyfluthrine»

RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2020/892 DE LA COMMISSION du 29 juin 2020 concernant le non-renouvellement de l'approbation de la substance active «béta-cyfluthrine», conformément au règlement (CE) n° 1107/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil concernant la mise sur le
marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, et
modifiant l'annexe du règlement d'exécution (UE)
n° 540/2011 de la Commission

Numéro officiel : UE/2020/892
Date de signature : 29/06/2020

Liens juridiques : Modification Règlement d'exécution UE/540/2011 25/05/2011

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AVIS / EXPERTISES /
NORMES

Review of the evidence on
bee background mortality

In March 2019, the European Commission mandated EFSA to revise its guidance document on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees). One of the aspects of this revision involves are view of the evidence on bee background mortality, which is addressed in this report. Eight different assessment questions were formulated in order to account for the various bee groups, the difference between active and inactive periods, and to specifically consider the influence of beekeeping practices on honey bees. [...]

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Évaluation du troisième plan
chlordécone et propositions

La chlordécone est un insecticide organochloré
qui a été utilisé en Guadeloupe et en Martinique
pour lutter contre le charançon du bananier de
1972 à 1993. Toujours présente dans les sols, la
chlordécone pollue durablement les écosystèmes
via un transfert par l'eau et les plantes. Cette
molécule, classée cancérigène possible en 1979,
est considérée comme un perturbateur
endocrinien. Depuis le début des années 2000, et
la publication du premier plan en 2008, l'Etat
met en œuvre des actions contre la pollution
durable de la terre et des eaux et contre les
risques qui en découlent pour la santé humaine
et l'environnement. Alors que le plan III (2014-
2020) n'est pas achevé et qu'une récente feuille
de route (2019-2020) l'a complété, la mission

interinspections a mené, dans l'hexagone et aux
Antilles, une évaluation administrative, centrée
sur l'observation des modalités et de
l'effectivité de la mise en œuvre des actions
prévues, ainsi que les résultats obtenus au regard
des moyens déployés. [...]

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NF EN ISO 21479 - Qualité du sol - Détermination des effets des polluants sur la flore du sol - Composition en acides gras foliaires des plantes utilisées pour évaluer la qualité du sol

X31-328, mai 2020

Le présent document décrit une méthode visant
à comparer la qualité des sols en déterminant la
composition en acides gras des feuilles d'espèces
végétales poussant sur ces sols. Cette méthode
ne permet pas de déterminer une valeur
optimale de l'indice Oméga-3 et ne peut donc
pas être utilisée pour déterminer la qualité
intrinsèque d'un sol d'une zone spécifique
(considérée homogène). La méthode peut être
utilisée uniquement pour comparer la qualité des
sols entre plusieurs zones. Cette méthode est
applicable à : - des sols provenant de sites
contaminés: - des sols amendés; - des sols après
remédiation; - des sols contenant des produits
résiduaires (par exemple lisier, fumier, boues ou
composts) . La qualité des sols peut aussi être
evaluée en déterminant l'indice Oméga-3 de
plantules de Lactuca sativa poussant dans ces
sols dans des conditions contrôlées (c'est-à-dire,
enceinte phytotronique) et en comparant ces
valeurs avec celles obtenues à partir de sols
témoins (voir l'Annexe B).

NF EN ISO 20130 - Qualité du
sol - Mesure de l'activité
enzymatique dans des
échantillons de sol en
utilisant des substrats
colorimétriques
X31-299, mai 2020

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de mesure simultanée (ou non) de plusieurs activités des hydrolases (arylamidase, arylsulfatase, β-galactosidase, a-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, N-acétylglucosaminidase, phosphatases acides, alcalines et globales, uréase) dans des échantillons de sol en utilisant des substrats colorimétriques. Les activités enzymatiques du sol varient en fonction des saisons et dépendent des caractéristiques chimiques, physiques et biologiques du sol. Cette méthode peut être appliquée soit pour la détection des effets nocifs de substances toxiques ou d'autres agents anthropiques dans un sol contaminé par comparaison avec un sol de référence, soit pour la réalisation d'essais sur des produits chimiques.

## NF EN ISO 21286 - Qualité du sol - Identification des espèces par codes-barres ADN dans les essais d'écotoxicologie

X31-329, avril 2020

Le présent document spécifie un protocole d'identification de spécimens d'essais écotoxicologiques (principalement des invertébrés et des végétaux) au niveau de l'espèce, reposant sur la technique du code-barres ADN. Ce protocole peut être utilisé par les laboratoires effectuant le code-barres ADN afin de normaliser le plus possible les travaux de laboratoire et les flux d'analyse de données, et de les mettre en conformité avec les normes et les lignes directrices communautaires.

## NF EN ISO 21285 - Qualité du sol - Inhibition de la reproduction de l'acarien prédateur (*Hypoaspis aculeifer*) par des contaminants du sol

X31-330, avril 2020

Le présent document décrit une méthode d'essai chronique pour évaluer la fonction d'habitat des sols et déterminer les effets des contaminants du sol et des substances sur la reproduction de l'espèce *Hypoaspis aculeifer* par - principalement - absorption par voie alimentaire. Cette méthode est applicable aux sols et matériaux du sol de qualité inconnue, par exemple, provenant de sites contaminés, de sols amendés, de sols ayant fait l'objet d'une remédiation, de sites industriels, agricoles et autres, et aux déchets (par exemple, matériau de dragage, boue résiduaire des stations d'épuration des eaux usées, engrais ou fumier, notamment ceux pour épandage éventuel).

## NF EN ISO 15473 - Qualité du sol - Lignes directrices relatives aux essais en laboratoire pour la biodégradation de produits chimiques organiques dans le sol sous conditions anaérobies

X31-334, avril 2020

La présente Norme internationale fournit des lignes directrices pour le choix et la conduite d'essais appropriés en vue de déterminer la biodégradation de produits chimiques organiques dans le sol sous conditions anaérobies. NOTE Si la méthode est utilisée pour des essais dans le cadre de la notification des substances chimiques, une ligne directrice de l'OCDE sur la dégradation dans le sol [20] fournit des recommandations utiles relatives aux exigences d'essais supplémentaires.

## An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic pesticides. Part 4: Alternatives in major cropping systems

Veres A, Wyckhuys KAG, Kiss J...

Environ Sci Pollut Res 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09279-x
We present a synthetic review and expert consultation that assesses the actual risks posed by arthropod pests in four major crops, identifies targets for integrated pest management (IPM) in terms of cultivated land needing pest control and gauges the implementation "readiness" of non-chemical alternatives. Our assessment focuses on the world's primary target pests for neonicotinoid-based management : (...) First, we queried scientific literature databases and consulted experts from different countries in Europe, North America, and Asia about available IPM tools for each crop-pest system. Next, using an online survey, we quantitatively assessed the economic relevance of target pests by compiling country-level records of crop damage, yield impacts, extent of insecticide usage, and "readiness" status of various pest management alternatives (i.e., research, plot-scale validation, grower-uptake). (...) Our study identifies opportunities to advance applied research, IPM technology validation, and grower education to halt or drastically reduce our over-reliance on systemic insecticides globally.

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## PUBLICATIONS DU RESEAU ECOTOX

### Impact of peri-urban landscape on the organic and mineral contamination of pond waters and related risk assessment

**Authors:** Nelieu S, Lamy I, Karolak S, Delarue G, Crouzet O, Barraud C, Bimbot M, Allaoui F, Hanot C, Delorme A, Levi Y, Hulot FD, Baudry E

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, Early access August, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10355-5

**Abstract:** Ponds are important for their ecological value and for the ecosystem services they provide to human societies, but they are strongly affected by human activities. Peri-urban development, currently one of the most pervasive processes of land use change in Europe, exposes ponds to both urban and agricultural contaminants, causing a potential combination of adverse effects. This study, focused on 12 ponds located in a peri-urban

area, has two main objectives: (1) to link the physico-chemical characteristics of the waters and the nature of their contaminants, either organic or mineral, with the human activities around ponds, and (2) to estimate the environmental risk caused by these contaminants. The ponds were sampled during two consecutive years in both spring and in autumn. Although the ponds were distributed over a limited geographical area, their contamination profiles were different and more correlated with the agricultural than the urban land use. In terms of aptitude for biology, half of the ponds were classified in degraded states due to their physico-chemical parameters, but without correlation with the endocrine disrupting activities and the levels of organic pollutants as indicators. The main quantified organic pollutants, however, were pesticides with sufficiently high levels in certain cases to induce an environmental risk exceeding the classical thresholds of risk quotient.

### Dietary bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the common sole *Solea solea* in the context of global change. Part 2: Sensitivity of juvenile growth and contamination to toxicokinetic parameters uncertainty and environmental conditions variability in estuaries

**Authors:** Mounier F, Loizeau V, Pecquerie L, Drouineau H, Labadie P, Budzinski H, Lobry J

**Source:** ECOLOGICAL MODELLING 431:109196, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109196

**Abstract:** The amount of potentially toxic chemicals in a fish depends on various environmental factors, such as temperature and feeding ecology, which can be affected by Global Changes (GC). The main objective of the present work was to study the relative influence of temperature, food quality and food availability on the growth and contamination of juveniles of common sole (Solea solea), a marine flatfish species known to be a relevant indicator of the nursery quality. It focuses on two Persistent Organic Pollutants (CB153 and L-PFOS) of legacy
and emerging concern, respectively. To achieve this, we used a toxicokinetic (TK) model in which toxicant flows are mechanistically predicted using a bioenergetic model based on the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. This modelling framework was applied to juvenile sole from the Gironde estuary (SW France) and allows accounting for the influence of environmental conditions on fish biological processes involved in toxicant fluxes. To compare their respective influence on model predictions of age, length, and contamination at puberty, we included in a global sensitivity analysis: (1) environmental variability gathered from literature for this particular estuary and (2) TK parameters (i.e. assimilation efficiency AE and elimination rate (k) over dot(e)) variability and uncertainty gathered from literature about each contaminant but for different fish species and experimental conditions. Then, model predictions were confronted to fish contamination measurements from the Gironde Estuary with different combinations of TK parameter values from literature. Results highlighted a key role of diet composition on fish contamination and growth while water temperature only affected growth. It stressed the need to focus on GC impact on benthic communities and their consequences on juvenile fish diet for future work on GC scenarios. Furthermore, for both chemical, the range of variability of TK parameters from experiments led to underestimated fish contaminations. The best model fits were obtained using TK parameter values from model applications: from Mounier et al. for CB153 (Solea solea, experiment, AE= 0.8 and =0 d(-1)) and from de Vos et al. (2008) for PFOS (food chain of the Western Scheldt estuary, The Netherlands, AE = 0.8 and (k) over dot(e)=0.8 10(-2) d(-1)).

## QuEChERS applicability to measure land snail polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for risk assessment

**Authors:** Morin-Crini N, Louzon M, Amiot C, de Vaufleury A

**Source:** TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 102 (5-6):209-223, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2020.1781855

**Abstract:** The methods conventionally used for the extraction of organic pollutants in different

environmental matrices are not suitable for measuring low concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioaccumulated in terrestrial snails that are both indicator of soil quality and a food item of various consumers including human being. A protocol, adapted from the QuEChERS method, originally designed for the extraction of pesticides in fruits and vegetables, in combination with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed to assess the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon extraction at low levels in soils to the soil quality bioindicator Cantareus aspersus. Bioaccumulation was measured in snails exposed ex situ for 28 days under controlled conditions to soils lightly or highly contaminated (sum of 16 molecules in the range 3.32-140 mg kg(-1) dry weight). The method was validated (low limits of detection, linear calibration curves, good precision and trueness) and found to be efficient to show that strongly contaminated soils were not necessarily those that presented the highest bioavailable organics concentrations. This methodology offers a tool to assess the environmental risk of contaminated soils and to prioritize the management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soils.

## Challenges and ways forward in pesticide emission and toxicity characterization modeling for tropical conditions

**Authors:** Gentil C, Fantke P, Mottes C, Basset-Mens C

**Source:** INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 25(7):1290-1306, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11367-019-01685-9

**Abstract:** In tropical cropping systems, pesticides are extensively used to fight pests and ensure high crop yields. However, pesticide use also leads to environmental and health impacts. While pesticide emissions and impacts are influenced by farm management practices and environmental conditions, available Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) emission models and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) toxicity characterization models are generally designed based on temperate conditions. There is, hence, a need for adapting LCI and LCIA models for
evaluating pesticides under tropical conditions. To address this need, we aim to identify the characteristics that determine pesticide emissions and related impacts under tropical conditions, and to assess to what extent LCI and LCIA models need to be adapted to better account for these conditions. We investigated the state-of-knowledge with respect to characteristics that drive pesticide emission patterns, environmental fate, human and ecological exposures, and toxicological effects under tropical conditions. We then discuss the applicability of existing LCI and LCIA models to tropical regions as input for deriving specific recommendations for future modeling refinements. Our results indicate that many pesticide-related environmental processes, such as degradation and volatilization, show higher kinetic rates under tropical conditions mainly due to higher temperatures, sunlight radiation, and microbial activity. Heavy and frequent rainfalls enhance leaching and runoff. Specific soil characteristics (e.g., low pH), crops, and cropping systems (e.g., mulching) are important drivers of distinct pesticide emission patterns under tropical conditions. Adapting LCI models to tropical conditions implies incorporating specific features of tropical cropping systems (e.g., intercropping, ground cover management), specific drift curves for tropical pesticide application techniques, and better addressing leaching processes. The validity domain of the discussed LCI and LCIA models could be systematically extended to tropical regions by considering tropical soil types, climate conditions, and crops, and adding active substances applied specifically under tropical conditions, including the consideration of late applications of pesticides before harvest and their effect on crop residues and subsequent human intake. Current LCI and LCIA models are not fully suitable for evaluating pesticide emissions and impacts for crops cultivated in tropical regions. Models should be adapted and parameterized to better account for various characteristics influencing emission and impact patterns under tropical conditions using best available data and knowledge. Further research is urgently required to improve our knowledge and data with respect to understanding and evaluating pesticide emission and impact processes under tropical conditions.

# Soil dissipation and bioavailability to earthworms of two fungicides under laboratory and field conditions

**Authors:** Nelieu S, Delarue G, Amosse J, Bart S, Pery ARR, Pelosi C

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH Early Access July, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10222-3

**Abstract:** The representativeness of laboratory studies of the fate of pesticides in soil in field conditions is questionable. This study aimed at comparing the dissipation and bioavailability to earthworms of two fungicides, dimoxystrobin (DMX) and epoxiconazole (EPX), over 12 months under laboratory and field conditions. In both approaches, the fungicides were applied to the same loamy soil as a formulated mixture at several concentrations. We determined total DMX and EPX concentrations in the soil using exhaustive extraction, their environmental availability using mild extraction and their bioavailability through internal concentrations in exposed earthworms. The initial fungicide application appeared as much better controlled in terms of dose and homogeneity in the laboratory than in the field. One year after application, a similar dissipation rate was observed between the laboratory and field experiments (ca 80% and 60% for DMX and EPX, respectively). Similarly, the ratio of available/total concentrations in soil displayed the same trend whatever the duration and the conditions (field or lab), EPX being more available than DMX. Finally, the environmental bioavailability of the two fungicides to earthworms was heterogeneous in the field, but, in the laboratory, the bioaccumulation was evidenced to be dose-dependent only for DMX. Our findings suggest that the actual fate of the two considered fungicides in the environment is consistent with the one determined in the laboratory, although the conditions differed (e.g., presence of vegetation, endogeic earthworm species). This study allowed better understanding of the fate of the two considered active substances in the soil and underlined the need for more research dedicated to the link
between environmental and toxicological
bioavailability.

Ex situ environmental risk
assessment of polluted soils
using threshold guide values
for the land snail *Cantareus aspersus* (vol 721, 137789,
2020)

Authors: Louzon M, Pauget B, Gimbert F, Morin-Crini N, de Vaufleury A

Source: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
737:140740, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140740

**Corrigendum:** The authors regret that the printed version of the above article contained a number of errors. The correct and final version follows. The authors would like to correct the toxicity point of the polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in Table 1 with the value of 600 (ATSDR, 2015) instead of 10. Consecutively the risk coefficients (RC) of PCBs to the only soil for which PCB transfers were found, the soil N2 (Table 4), are: RC PCB 118 = 2376, RC PCB 153 = 2430, ERITPCB = 4806. This change does not alter the discussion and the conclusion of this study. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.

Insights into the Function
and Horizontal Transfer of
Isoproturon Degradation
Genes (pdmAB) in a Biobed
System

Authors: Storck V, Gallego S, Vasileiadis S, Hussain S, Beguet J, Rouard N, Baguelin C, Perruchon C, Devers-Lamrani M, Karpouzas DG, Martin-Laurent F

Source: APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MICROBIOLOGY 86(14):e00474-20, 2020, DOI:
10.1128/AEM.00474-20

**Abstract:** Biobeds, designed to minimize pesticide point source contamination, rely mainly on biodegradation processes. We studied the interactions of a biobed microbial community with the herbicide isoproturon (IPU) to explore

the role of the pdmA gene, encoding the large
subunit of an N-demethylase responsible for the
initial demethylation of IPU, via quantitative PCR
(qPCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR)
and the effect of IPU on the diversity of the total
bacterial community and its active fraction
through amplicon sequencing of DNA and RNA,
respectively. We further investigated the
localization and dispersal mechanisms of pdmAB
in the biobed packing material by measuring the
abundance of the plasmid pSH (harboring pdmAB)
of the IPU-degrading Sphingomonas sp. strain SH
(previously isolated from the soil used in the
biobed) compared with the abundance of the
pdmA gene and metagenomic fosmid library
screening. pdmA abundance and expression
increased concomitantly with IPU mineralization,
verifying its major role in IPU transformation in
the biobed system. DNA- and RNA-based 16S
rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed no effects
on bacterial diversity. The pdmAB-harboring
plasmid pSH showed a consistently lower
abundance than pdmA, suggesting the
localization of pdmAB in replicons other than
pSH. Metagenomic analysis identified four
pdmABcarrying fosmids. In three of these
fosmids, the pdmAB genes were organized in a
wellconserved operon carried by sphingomonad
plasmids with low synteny with pSH, while the
fourth fosmid contained an incomplete pdmAB
cassette localized in a genomic fragment of a
Rhodanobacter strain. Further analysis suggested
a potentially crucial role of IS6 and IS256 in the
transposition and activation of the pdmAB
operon.

Behavioural and biochemical
alterations in gammarids as
induced by chronic metallic
exposures (Cd, Cu and Pb):
Implications for freshwater
biomonitoring

Authors: Lebrun JD, Gismondi E

Source: CHEMOSPHERE 257:127253, 2020, DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127253

**Abstract:** In freshwater species, metal toxicity is usually assessed through short-term exposures, hence limiting the practical usefulness of biomarkers for monitoring long-term impacts on wildlife populations. This study investigates the
biological alterations elicited by chronic metallic exposures in Gammarus fossarum using multi-level biomarkers. In aquaria, gammarids were exposed for 10 weeks to field-realistic concentrations of Cd, Cu or Pb (0.25, 1.5 or 5.0 mg/L). At the individual level, behavioural traits (respiration, locomotion and feeding) were compared between naive and chronically-exposed gammarids. At the cellular level, enzymatic activities involved in digestion, moult and cell stress were monitored after 2, 6 and 10 weeks of exposure in males and females to consider the temporal feature of their responses. Results showed that the inhibitory effects of Cd and Pb on respiration and locomotion disappeared in chronically-exposed gammarids, reflecting acclimation to maintain these processes, unlike Cu. Chronic Cu- and Pb-elicited feeding inhibition was associated with the inhibitions of digestion enzymes. Chitobiase was inhibited by Cu in males and, by Cd and Pb in females, suggesting gender-dependent disturbances in moulting. In both genders, Cd generated cellular stress by stimulating acidic phosphatase and peroxidase activities. To conclude, such cellular impairments and alterations in individual performances are likely to disturb individual growth, population dynamics and litter decomposition in the long-term. Besides, obtaining biological responses, common to metals or specific to a metal or a gender, supports the development of biomarkers highlighting long-term impacts of metals on the health of organisms and their associated ecological functions in natural environments. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

**Editorial:** Microbial Ecotoxicology

**Authors:** Pesce S, Ghiglione JF, Topp E, Martin-Laurent F

**Source:** FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 11:1342, 2020, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01342

Editorial: In the age of the Anthropocene, the world is facing unprecedented environmental challenges that have multifactorial and interlinked causes including population growth, pollution, and climate change. The “One Health” and “EcoHealth” paradigms emphasize the urgent need to protect ecosystem health in order to ensure human well-being and food security (Naeem et al., 2016; Destoumieux-Garzón et al., 2018). It is noteworthy that the majority of the

17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) fundamentally link environmental health to human health and well-being (Blicharska et al., 2019)...

**A generic PBTK model implemented in the MCRA platform: Predictive performance and uses in risk assessment of chemicals**

**Authors:** Tebby C, van der Voet H, de Sousa G, Rorije E, Kumar V, de Boer W, Kruisselbrink JW, Bois FY, Faniband M, Moretto A, Brochot C

**Source:** FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY 142:111440, 2020, DOI:

**Abstract:** Physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models are important tools for in vitro to in vivo or inter-species extrapolations in health risk assessment of foodborne and non-foodborne chemicals. Here we present a generic PBTK model implemented in the EuroMix toolbox, MCRA 9 and predict internal kinetics of nine chemicals (three endocrine disrupters, three liver steatosis inducers, and three developmental toxicants), in data-rich and data-poor conditions, when increasingly complex levels of parametrization are applied. At the first stage, only QSAR models were used to determine substance-specific parameters, then some parameter values were refined by estimates from substance-specific or high-throughput in vitro experiments. At the last stage, elimination or absorption parameters were calibrated based on available in vivo kinetic data. The results illustrate that parametrization plays a capital role in the output of the PBTK model, as it can change how chemicals are prioritized based on internal concentration factors. In data-poor situations, estimates can be far from observed values. In many cases of chronic exposure, the PBTK model can be summarized by an external to internal dose factor, and interspecies concentration factors can be used to perform interspecies extrapolation. We finally discuss the implementation and use of the model in the MCRA risk assessment platform.
Effects of low concentrations of deltamethrin are dependent on developmental stages and sexes in the pest moth Spodoptera littoralis

**Authors:** Malbert-Colas A, Drozdz T, Massot M, Bagni T, Chertemps T, Maria A, Maibeche M, Siaussat D

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, Early Access July, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10181-9

**Abstract:** Effects of low concentrations of pesticides, with no or moderate mortality of targeted species, are poorly studied even though these low concentrations are common under natural conditions. Studying their effects is critical because they can induce positive hormetic responses, possibly leading to greater pest multiplication and promoting the evolution of pest resistance. Here, we investigated the responses of the pest moth *Spodoptera littoralis* to low concentrations of deltamethrin, and tested for variation in effects of the pesticide between developmental stages and sexes. Indeed, we show that a given concentration of deltamethrin has different effects between stages, and even between sexes. Two experimental concentrations led to very high mortality early in *S. Littoralis* development (4th larval instar), but only to low mortality rates in adults. Moreover, our highest experimental concentration had only detrimental effects in adult females, but improved the reproductive success of adult males. Model projections showed that the lethality from treatments at the 4th larval instar was the predominant effect. Because of the high multiplication rate of *S. littoralis*, it was also found that treatments with very similar effects on larval mortality can lead to either population extinction or rapid pest resurgence.

Temperature effect on perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicokinetics in rainbow trout (*Oncorhynchus mykiss*): Exploration via a physiologically based toxicokinetic model

**Authors:** Vidal A, Babut M, Garric J, Beaudouin R

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 225:105545, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105545

**Abstract:** Salmonids are poikilotherms, which means that their internal temperature varies with that of water. Water temperature thus controls many of their lifecycle processes and physiological functions, which could influence the mechanisms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of many substances, including perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs). However, the processes governing the fate of PFAAs are still poorly understood in fish. Here we developed a physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for rainbow trout (*Oncorhynchus mykiss*) to study changes in physiological functions and PFAA ADME at different temperatures. The model was calibrated using experimental data from dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate at 7 degrees C and 19 degrees C. Predictions of PFOS concentrations were globally satisfactory at both temperatures, when accounting for the influence of temperature on growth, ventilation rate, cardiac output, clearances, and absorption rates. Accounting for the influence of temperature on tissue-plasma partition coefficients significantly improved predicted in-organ PFOS concentrations.

The Zebra Mussel (*Dreissena polymorpha*) as a Model Organism for Ecotoxicological Studies: A Prior H-1 NMR Spectrum Interpretation of a Whole Body Extract for Metabolism Monitoring
**Authors:** Prud'homme SM, Hani YMI, Cox N, Lippens G, Nuzillard JM, Geffard A

**Source:** METABOLITES 10(6):256, 2020, DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060256

**Abstract:** The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) represents a useful reference organism for the ecotoxicological study of inland waters, especially for the characterization of the disturbances induced by human activities. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic approach was developed on this species. The investigation of its informative potential required the prior interpretation of a reference (1) H NMR spectrum of a lipid-free zebra mussel extract. After the extraction of polar metabolites from a pool of whole-body *D. polymorpha* powder, the resulting highly complex 1D(1)H NMR spectrum was interpreted and annotated through the analysis of the corresponding 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectra. The spectrum interpretation was completed and validated by means of sample spiking with 24 commercial compounds. Among the 238 detected (1)H signals, 53% were assigned, resulting in the identification of 37 metabolites with certainty or high confidence, while 5 metabolites were only putatively identified. The description of such a reference spectrum and its annotation are expected to speed up future analyses and interpretations of NMR-based metabolomic studies on *D. Polymorpha* and to facilitate further explorations of the impact of environmental changes on its physiological state, more particularly in the context of large-scale ecological and ecotoxicological studies.

## Agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine axes in amphibians

**Authors:** Trudeau VL, Thomson P, Zhang WS, Reynaud S, Navarro-Martin L, Langlois VS,

**Source:** MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY 513:110861, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110861

**Abstract:** Concern over global amphibian declines and possible links to agrochemical use has led to research on the endocrine disrupting actions of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, metals, and mixtures. Amphibians, like other

species, have to partition resources for body maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that metabolic impairments induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals, and more particularly agrichemicals, may disrupt physiological constraints associated with these limited resources and could cause deleterious effects on growth and reproduction. Metabolic disruption has hardly been considered for amphibian species following agrichemical exposure. As for metamorphosis, the key thyroid hormone-dependent developmental phase for amphibians, it can either be advanced or delayed by agrichemicals with consequences for juvenile and adult health and survival. While numerous agrichemicals affect anuran sexual development, including sex reversal and intersex in several species, little is known about the mechanisms involved in dysregulation of the sex differentiation processes. Adult anurans display stereotypical male mating calls and female phonotaxis responses leading to successful amplexus and spawning. These are hormone-dependent behaviours at the foundation of reproductive success. Therefore, male vocalizations are highly ecologically-relevant and may be a non-invasive low-cost method for the assessment of endocrine disruption at the population level. While it is clear that agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine systems in frogs, very little has been uncovered regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms at the basis of these actions. This is surprising, given the importance of the frog models to our deep understanding of developmental biology and thyroid hormone action to understand human health. Several agrochemicals were found to have multiple endocrine effects at once (e.g., targeting both the thyroid and gonadal axes); therefore, the assessment of agrochemicals that alter cross-talk between hormonal systems must be further addressed. Given the diversity of life-history traits in Anura, Caudata, and the Gymnophiona, it is essential that studies on endocrine disruption expand to include the lesser known taxa. Research under ecologically-relevant conditions will also be paramount. Closer collaboration between molecular and cellular endocrinologists and ecotoxicologists and ecologists is thus recommended.
# Trophic Transfer of Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in an Urban Riverine Food Web

**Authors:** Goutte A, Alliot F, Budzinski H, Simonnet-Laprade C, Santos R, Lachaux V, Maciejewski K, Le Menach K, Labadie P

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 54(13):8043-8050, 2020, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01411

**Abstract:** Trophic magnification factors (TMFs, i.e., the average change in the log-concentration of a pollutant per trophic level) have been extensively assessed for the so-called persistent organic pollutants, especially organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are biomagnified along the food web. In contrast, trophic dilution was documented for pollutants with a high metabolic conversion rate, such as phthalate plasticizers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the fate of their metabolites across the food web has been rarely investigated. In this comparative study, the trophodynamics of 104 micropollutants and 25 of their metabolites were investigated in a freshwater food web from the urban Orge River, France. Trophic levels were determined using stable isotopes. Pyrethroid pesticides and their metabolites were not detected. As predicted, PCBs and OCPs biomagnified (TMF &#62;1), while all chlorinated paraffins (CPs), PAHs, and phthalates underwent a trophic dilution (TMF &#60;1). TMFs significantly decreased with a metabolic transformation rate and increased with hydrophobicity. The levels of PAH or phthalate metabolites were not significantly correlated with trophic levels or underwent a trophic dilution. This study highlighted that the relative contribution of metabolite levels in TMF values calculated for both parent compound and its metabolite(s) is weak compared to TMF values of the parent compound only in a riverine food web.

A "Population Dynamics" Perspective on the Delayed Life-History Effects of Environmental Contaminations: An Illustration with a Preliminary Study of Cadmium Transgenerational Effects over Three Generations in the Crustacean *Gammarus*

**Authors:** Cribiu P, Devaux A, Garnero L, Abbaci K, Bastide T, Delorme N, Queau H, Degli Esposti D, Ravanat JL, Geffard O, Bony S, Chaumot A

**Source:** INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 21:13:4704, 2020, DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134704

**Abstract:** We explore the delayed consequences of parental exposure to environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations on the life-history traits throughout generations of the freshwater crustacean *Gammarus fossarum*. We report the preliminary results obtained during a challenging one-year laboratory experiment in this environmental species and propose the use of population modeling to interpret the changes in offspring life-history traits regarding their potential demographic impacts. The main outcome of this first long-term transgenerational assay is that the exposure of spawners during a single gametogenesis cycle (3 weeks) could result in severe cascading effects on the life-history traits along three unexposed offspring generations (one year). Indeed, we observed a decrease in F1 reproductive success, an early onset of F2 offspring puberty with reduced investment in egg yolk reserves, and finally a decrease in the growth rate of F3 juveniles. However, the analysis of these major transgenerational effects by means of a Lefkovitch matrix population model revealed only weak demographic impacts. Population compensatory processes mitigating the demographic consequences of parental exposure seem to drive the modification of life-history traits in offspring generations. This exploratory study sheds light on the role of population mechanisms involved in the demographic
regulation of the delayed effects of
environmental toxicity in wild populations.

## Estrogenic activity of surface waters using zebrafish- and human-based in vitro assays: The Danube as a case-study

**Authors:** Serra H, Brion F, Chardon C, Budzinski H, Schulze T, Brack W, Ait-Aissa S

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 78:103401, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103401

**Abstract:** Most in vitro reporter gene assays used to assess estrogenic contamination are based on human estrogen receptor alpha (hER alpha) activation. However, fish bioassays can have distinct response to estrogenic chemicals and mixtures, questioning the relevance of human-based bioassays for assessing risk to this species. In this study, zebrafish liver cells stably expressing zebrafish ER beta 2 (ZELH beta 2) and human breast cancer cells expressing hER alpha (MELN) were used to quantify the estrogenic activity of 25 surface water samples of the Danube River, for which chemicals have been previously quantified. Most samples had a low estrogenic activity below 0.1 ng/L 17 beta-estradiol-equivalents that was more often detected by MELN cells, while ZELH beta 2 response tend to be lower than predicted based on the chemicals identified. Nevertheless, both bioassays quantified well a higher estrogenic activity at two sites, which was confirmed in vivo using a transgenic zebrafish assay. The results are discussed considering the effect-based trigger values proposed for water quality monitoring.

## Detrimental sublethal effects hamper the effective use of natural and chemical pesticides in combination with a key natural enemy of *Bemisia tabacion tomato*

**Authors:** Soares MA, Carvalho GA, Campos MR, Passos LC, Haro MM, Lavoir AV, Biondi A, Zappala L, Desneux N

**Source:** PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, 2020, DOI: 10.1002/ps.5927

**Abstract:** Background *Bemisia tabaci* (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) represents one of the greatest threats to agricultural crops. Chemical control is the primary tool used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. However, release of the predator *Nesidiocoris tenuis* (Hemiptera: Miridae) on tomato plants is a highly recommended control tactic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial borax plus citrus oil (BCO) product against *B. tabaci* in the presence and absence of *N. tenuis*. The synthetic insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was used as a positive control. We also evaluated the sublethal effects of BCO on the behavior and predation rate of *N. tenuis*. Results Our results demonstrated that BCO, alone and at its maximum recommended field rate for *B. tabaci*, was not effective in controlling the pest under laboratory conditions. Application of BCO simultaneous with *N. tenuis* release did not reduce the increase in the *B. tabaci* population. Effective control of *B. Tabaci* was achieved using only *N. tenuis*. However, synthetic lambda-cyhalothrin pyrethroid, used here as a control, caused high pest mortality and led to on-site extinction of *N. tenuis*, which did not occur for insects exposed to BCO. Lambda-cyhalothrin and BCO significantly affected the foraging behavior of *N. tenuis*, reducing the predation rate, especially following exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. Conclusion The insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin achieved satisfactory results in suppressing *B. tabaci*, but was harmful to *N. tenuis*. Additionally, lambda-cyhalothrin and BCO affected predator behavior.
## Impact of ageing and soil contaminants on telomere length in the land snail

**Authors:** Louzon M, Zahn S, Capelli N, Massemin S, Coeurdassier M, Pauget B, Gimbert F, de Vaufleury

**Source:** ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020 201:110766, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110766

**Abstract:** Telomeres (TLs) are non-coding DNA sequences that are usually shortened with ageing and/or chemical exposure. Bioindicators such as the land snail can be used to assess the environmental risk of contaminated soils. As for most invertebrates, the evolution of TLs with ageing or exposure to contaminants is unknown in this mollusc. The aims of this study were to explore the relationships between ageing, contaminant exposure, sublethal effects and TL length in the terrestrial gastropod *Cantareus aspersus*. TL length was investigated in haemocytes from five age classes of C. aspersus. The impact of contaminants on sub-adult snails exposed to Cd, Hg or a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils for one or two months was studied. Bioaccumulation, growth, sexual maturity and TLs were measured. TL attrition was significant for the juvenile and sub-adult stages, but not later. Exposure to Cd increased the mortality (around 30%). Exposure to polluted soils inhibited growth (19-40%) and sexual maturity (6-100%). Although the health of the snails exposed to Cd, Hg and PAHs was altered, TL length in haemocytes was not disturbed, suggesting a high capacity of this snail species to maintain its TLs in haemocytes under chemical stress. These results first address TL length in snails and reveal that the relationship commonly proposed for vertebrates between TL shortening and ageing or exposure to contaminants cannot be generalized.

## Feasibility of Metal(loid) Phytoextraction from Polluted Soils: The Need for Greater Scrutiny

**Authors:** Neaman A, Robinson B, Minkina TM, Vidal K, Mench M, Krutyakov YA, Shapoval OV

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY Early access, 2020, DOI: 10.1002/etc.4787

**Abstract:** The goal of phytoextraction is to remove contaminants—for example, metal(loid)s—from polluted soils through root uptake and accumulation in the harvested plant parts. Many articles propound phytoextraction as a low-cost means of cleaning up such polluted soils. However, if legislation is based on total soil metal(loid) concentrations, phytoextraction is generally infeasible because of unrealistically long time frames required for success in this process (Robinson et al. 2015)...

## Ionising Radiation Induces Promoter DNA Hypomethylation and Perturbs Transcriptional Activity of Genes Involved in Morphogenesis during Gastrulation in Zebrafish

**Authors:** El Houdigui SM, Adam-Guillermin C, Armant O

**Source:** INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 21(11):4014, 2020, DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114014

**Abstract:** Embryonic development is particularly vulnerable to stress and DNA damage, as mutations can accumulate through cell proliferation in a wide number of cells and organs. However, the biological effects of chronic exposure to ionising radiation (IR) at low and moderate dose rates (≤60; 6 mGy/h) remain largely controversial, raising concerns for environmental protection. The present study focuses on the molecular effects of IR (0.005 to 50 mGy/h) on zebrafish embryos at the gastrula stage (6 hpf), at both the transcriptomics and epigenetics levels. Our results show that
exposure to IR modifies the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial activity from 0.5 to 50 mGy/h. In addition, important developmental pathways, namely, the Notch, retinoic acid, BMP and Wnt signalling pathways, were altered at 5 and 50 mGy/h. Transcriptional changes of genes involved in the morphogenesis of the ectoderm and mesoderm were detected at all dose rates, but were prominent from 0.5 to 50 mGy/h. At the epigenetic level, exposure to IR induced a hypomethylation of DNA in the promoter of genes that colocalised with both H3K27me3 and H3Kme4 histone marks and correlated with changes in transcriptional activity. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DNA methylation changes occurred in the promoter of important developmental genes, including morphogenesis of the ectoderm and mesoderm. Together, these results show that the transcriptional program regulating morphogenesis in gastrulating embryos was modified at dose rates greater than or equal to 0.5 mGy/h, which might predict potential neurogenesis and somitogenesis defects observed at similar dose rates later in development.

## Dolomite and Compost Amendments Enhance Cu Phytostabilization and Increase Microbiota of the Leachates from a Cu-Contaminated Soil

**Authors:** Giagnoni L, Borges LGD., Giongo A, Silveira AD, Ardissone AN, Triplett EW, Mench M, Renella G

**Source:** AGRONOMY-BASEL 10(5):719, 2020, DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050719

**Abstract:** The chemical properties, ecotoxicity, and microbiome of leachates from phytomanaged Cu-contaminated soils were analyzed. The phytomanagement was carried out using Cu-tolerant poplar Populus trichocarpa x deltoides cv. Beaupre and black bent Agrostis gigantea L., aided by soil amendments, i.e., dolomitic limestone (DL) and compost (OM), alone and in combination (OMDL). Plants plus either DL or OMDL amendments reduced in leachates the electrical conductivity, the Cu concentration, and the concentration of total organic C except for the OMDL treatment, and decreased leachate

toxicity towards bacteria. Total N concentration increased in the OM leachates. The aided phytostabilization increased the culturable bacteria numbers and the proportion of Cu-resistant bacteria in the leachates, as compared to the leachate from the untreated soil. Phytomanagement also enriched the microbial communities of the leachates with plant beneficial bacteria. Overall, the Cu stabilization and phytomanagement induced positive changes in the microbial communities of the soil leachates.

## Modeling and optimizing the removal of cadmium by Sinapis alba L. from contaminated soil via Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks during assisted phytoremediation with sewage sludge

**Authors:** Jaskulak M, Grobelak A, Vandenbulcke F

**Source:** INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION Early access, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1768513

**Abstract:** The study was aimed to model and optimize the removal of cadmium from contaminated post-industrial soil via Sinapis alba L. by comparing two modeling approaches: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The experimental design was done using the Box-Behnken Design method. In the RSM model, the quadratic model was shown to predict the closest results in comparison to our experimental data. For ANN approach, a two-layer Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Network model was designed. The results showed that sewage sludge supplementation increased the efficiency of the Sinapis alapplant in removing Cd from the soil. After 28 days of exposure, the removal rate varied from 10.96% without any supplementation to 65.9% after supplementation with the highest possible (law allowed) dose of sewage sludge. The comparison proved that the prediction capability of the ANN model was much higher than that of the RSM model (adjusted R-square:
0.98, standard error of the Cd prediction removal: 0.85 +/- 0.02). Thus, the ANN model could be used for the prediction of heavy metal removal during assisted phytoremediation with sewage sludge. Moreover, such approach could also be used to determine the dose of sewage sludge that will ensure highest process efficiency.

Can contamination by major
systemic insecticides affect
the voracity of the harlequin
ladybird?

**Authors:** Dai CC, Ricupero M, Puglisi R, Lu YH, Desneux N, Biondi A, Zappala L

**Source:** CHEMOSPHERE 256:126986, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126986

**Abstract:** Systemic neurotoxic insecticides are widely used to control aphid pests worldwide and their potential non-target effects on aphid predators are often unknown. Behavioral responses linked to biological control services are crucial when assessing the compatibility of chemicals with biocontrol organisms. This is particularly relevant for insecticides at low and sublethal concentrations. We studied the acute toxicity and the sublethal effect on the voracity of the generalist predator *Harmonia axyridis* (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) caused by the exposure to three systemic insecticides routinely used against aphids. The tested insecticide concentrations were the Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50), 20% (LC20) and 1% (LC1) estimated for the target pest Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in a companion study. The survival and the voracity differed among the tested chemicals and concentrations, but only thiamethoxam at LC50 caused a significant predator mortality, and individuals that survived showed a reduced predation rate. The predators showed a density independent functional response after the exposure to most of the insecticide-concentration combinations, while an inverse density dependence of the prey consumption rate was observed for coccinellids exposed to sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam at their lowest tested concentration. The estimated parameters, i.e., the attack rate and the prey handling time, were affected at higher concentrations by both imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor. These findings stress the importance of carefully evaluating side effects of

insecticides at very low concentrations on
beneficial arthropods in the risk assessment
schemes for sustainable pest control
programmes.

New protocols for the
selection and rearing of
*Metoncholaimus pristiurus*
and the first evaluation of
oxidative stress biomarkers
in meiobenthic nematodes

**Authors:** Allouche M, Nasri A, Harrath AH, Mansour L, Alwasel S, Beyrem H, Bourioug M, Geret F, Boufahja F

**Source:** ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 263, Part: B:114529, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114529

**Abstract:** Meiobenthic nematodes have been designated as sensitive global models in the development of biomonitoring and ecotoxicology monitoring programs howbeit the sensitivity of these organisms against oxidative stress biomarkers have never been addressed. The present study aimed to decipher this research axis after selecting and culturing a single nematode species from an entire community through original laboratory protocols. The purpose of this investigation was to change the grain size of the sediment into the immediate environment of nematodes by progressively adding a biosubstrate made from Sepia officinalis endoskeleton. At the end of the experiment, Metoncholaimus pristiurus became the unique component of the nematode species when the sediment was enriched with 80% of S. officinalis powder. After the mono-species level had been achieved, the selected species was fed on an another biosubstrate made from bodies of Porcellio scaber under the identical laboratory controlled conditions of light and temperature adopted during the selection process. Accordingly, the bioassay protocol this study layed new foundations for the study of meiobenthic nematodes in the biomarker field. Our results revealed that, in case of M. pritiurus, discernible oxidative stress responses are valid for catalase and glutathione S-transferase. Indeed, for both enzymes, a clear increase in the activity was recorded, and the response was more reinforced when zinc and permethrin were
administrated in combination. The relevance of the protocols proposed in this work parallels their global applicability to reach and maintain the monospecific level in laboratory by using biosubstrates made from animals widely distributed. It is true also that our data provided the first results in terms of biochemical biomarkers for meiobenthic nematodes and showed that the selected taxa, M. pristiurus, could be one of the first marine taxa responding early to the tested stressors, zinc and permethrin, even at very low concentrations.

## How to quantify the links between bioavailable contamination in watercourses and pressures of anthropogenic land cover, contamination sources and hydromorphology at multiple scales?

**Authors:** Sarkis N, Geffard O, Souchon Y, Chandesris A, Ferreol M, Valette L, Alric B, Francois A, Piffady J, Chaumot A, Villeneuve B

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 735:139492, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139492

**Abstract:** Active biomonitoring permits the quantification of biological exposure to chemicals through measurements of bioavailable concentrations in biota and biological markers of toxicity in organisms. It enables respective comparison of the levels of contamination between sites and sampling campaigns. Caged gammarids are recently proposed as relevant probes for measuring bioavailable contamination in freshwater systems. The purpose of the present study was to develop a multi-pressure and multiscale approach, considering metallic contamination levels (from data based on active biomonitoring) as a response to pressures (combination of individual stressors). These pressures were anthropogenic land cover, industry density, wastewater treatment plant density, pressures on stream hydromorphological functioning, riverside vegetation and bioavailability factors. A dataset combining active biomonitoring and potentially related pressures was established at the French national

scale, with 196 samplings from 2009 to 2016. The links between pressures and metallic contamination were defined and modelled via structural equation modeling (more specifically partial least squares - path modeling). The model enabled the understanding of the respective influences of pressures on metallic bioconcentration in caged sentinel organisms. Beyond validating the local influence of industries and wastewater treatment plants on metallic contamination, this model showed a complementary effect of driving forces of anthropogenic land cover (leading to human activities). It also quantified a significant influence of pressures on stream hydromorphological functioning, presence of vegetation and physico-chemical parameters on metal bioconcentration. This hierarchical multi-pressure approach could serve as a concept on how pressures and contamination (assessed by active biomonitoring) can be connected. Its future application will enable better understanding of environmental pressures leading to contamination in freshwater ecosystems.

## Free or Protein-Bound Microcystin Accumulation by Freshwater Bivalves as a Tool to Evaluate Water Contamination by Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria?

**Authors:** Lepoutre A, Grilot T, Jean S, Geffard A, Lance E

**Source:** APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 10(10), 2020, DOI: 10.3390/app10103426

**Abstract:** Cyanobacterial proliferations display rapid spatiotemporal variations that can interfere in the assessment of water contamination levels by microcystins (MC), and make necessary the use of integrative tools. This study evaluates the pertinence of bivalves Anodonta anatina and Dreissena polymorpha as bioindicators of the presence of MC-producing cyanobacteria in water. Ingested MC accumulates into two fractions in bivalve tissues-the cellular free and the protein-bound fractions-both forming the total MC fraction. Mussels were exposed to the cyanobacteria Planktothrix
agardhii at densities producing an equivalent of 1, 10 and 100 mu g/L of intracellular MC, with the evaluation of: (i) cyanobacterial cells and MC daily intake by mussels, (ii) free and total MC kinetics in whole individuals (using all the tissues) or only in the digestive gland, during and after the exposure, (iii) bioaccumulation factors. For each species, the kinetics of the two accumulation fractions were compared to evaluate which one best reflect levels and dynamics of MC-producing cyanobacteria in water. Results showed that the dynamic of free MC in bivalve tissues better highlight the dynamic of intracellular MC in water. Using whole D. polymorpha may be appropriate to reveal and discriminate the water contamination levels above densities of cyanobacteria producing 1 mu g MC/L. Digestive glands of A. anatina appeared more sensitive to reveal low environmental concentration, but without direct correlation with levels of water contamination. Further experimentations in situ are necessary to confirm those results in order to propose the use of freshwater bivalves for a biomonitoring of MC-producing cyanobacteria in fresh waters.

## Imaging Differential Mercury Species Bioaccumulation in Glass Eels Using Isotopic Tracers and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

**Authors:** Monperrus M, Pecheyran C., Bolliet V.

**Source:** APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 10(7):2463, 2020, DOI: 10.3390/app10072463

**Abstract:** Dramatic increases in global mercury pollution require a deeper understanding of specific toxicity mechanisms for mercury compounds in organisms. Despite numerous studies addressing mercury toxicity, the detailed mechanisms underlying its transport and accumulation in fish remain unclear. The aim of this study was to unravel differential uptake pathways for mercury compounds, metabolisation, and sequestration mechanisms in glass eels using techniques able to localize at the tissue and organ levels. A multi isotope image mapping procedure was developed to simultaneously study the uptake and distribution of both mercury compounds MeHg and Hg(II)

within the organs of the whole organism. The use of isotopically labelled Hg species (methylmercury (MeHg)-Hg-201 and inorganic mercury Hg-199(II)) and image based on isotope ratio instead of elemental signals allowed to visualize spatially and with time the differential Hg species uptake, transport, and sequestration routes. The results showed a preferential uptake of the MeHg counterpart and a dynamic transport of MeHg within different organs. The gills were the main target organs for MeHg uptake, whereas the skeletal muscle was the final MeHg storage tissue. Hg(II) was found to mainly transit by the gills and the olfactory bulbs with a very low transfer and storage in the other organs and a rapid depuration. No significant internal demethylation and methylation was observed during this experimentation.

## Ecosystems monitoring powered by environmental genomics: A review of current strategies with an implementation roadmap

**Authors:** Cordier T, Alonso-Saez L, Apotheloz-Perret-Gentil L, Aylagas E, Bohan DA, Bouchez A, Chariton A, Creer S, Fruhe L, Keck F, Keeley N, Laroche O, Leese F, Pochon X, Stoeck T, Pawlowski J, Lanzen A

**Source:** MOLECULAR ECOLOGY Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.1111/mec.15472

**Abstract:** A decade after environmental scientists integrated high-throughput sequencing technologies in their toolbox, the genomics-based monitoring of anthropogenic impacts on the biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems is yet to be implemented by regulatory frameworks. Despite the broadly acknowledged potential of environmental genomics to this end, technical limitations and conceptual issues still stand in the way of its broad application by end-users. In addition, the multiplicity of potential implementation strategies may contribute to a perception that the routine application of this methodology is premature or "in development", hence restraining regulators from binding these tools into legal frameworks. Here, we review recent implementations of environmental genomics-based methods, applied to the biomonitoring of ecosystems. By taking a general overview, without narrowing our perspective to
particular habitats or groups of organisms, this paper aims to compare, review and discuss the strengths and limitations of four general implementation strategies of environmental genomics for monitoring: (a) Taxonomy-based analyses focused on identification of known bioindicators or described taxa; (b) De novo bioindicator analyses; (c) Structural community metrics including inferred ecological networks; and (d) Functional community metrics (metagenomics or metatranscriptomics). We emphasise the utility of the three latter strategies to integrate meiofauna and microorganisms that are not traditionally utilised in biomonitoring because of difficult taxonomic identification. Finally, we propose a roadmap for the implementation of environmental genomics into routine monitoring programmes that leverage recent analytical advancements, while pointing out current limitations and future research needs.

Process type is the key driver of the fate of organic micropollutants during industrial scale treatment of organic wastes

**Authors:** Sertillanges N, Haudin CS, Bourdat-Deschamps M, Bernet N, Serre V, Danel A, Houot S, Patureau D

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 734:139108, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139108

**Abstract:** Organic micropollutants (OMPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nonylphenols and pharmaceutical products are ubiquitous in organic wastes generated by most human activities. Those wastes are mainly recycled by land spreading, most often after treatments, such as liming, dewatering, composting or anaerobic digestion. It has been shown essentially at lab scales that biological treatments have an effect on the removal of some OMPs. However, less is known on the role of each step of industrial treatment lines combining physico-chemical and biological treatments on the OMP fate and removal. The present study focuses on the impact of waste treatment on the fate of 53 OMPs along 10 industrial treatment lines treating urban, agricultural wastes or mixtures. The combination

of studying a diversity of organic wastes and of OMPs with different characteristics (solubility, ionic charges, hydrophobicity etc.), sampling in situ industrial sites, quantifying native OMP concentrations and looking at each step of complete treatment lines allows for a global and representative view of the OMP fate in the French organic waste treatment sector. Less studied wastes, i.e. territorial mixtures, revealed intermediate OMP contents and compositions, between urban and agricultural wastes. Dewatering and liming, usually dismissed, had a noticeable effect on concentrations. Anaerobic digestion and composting had significant effects on the removal of all pollutant families. Combination of processes enhanced most OMP dissipation. Here we showed for the first time that the process type rather than the waste origin affects dissipation of organic micropollutants. Such data could be used to build and validate dynamic models for the fate of OMPs on solid waste treatment plants.

Benthic diatom growth kinetics under combined pressures of microalgal competition, predation and chemical stressors

**Authors:** Neury-Ormanni J, Vedrenne J, Morin S

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 734:139484, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139484

**Abstract:** Pesticides are increasingly used worldwide to protect crops. However, only a small fraction of pesticides really hit their target organisms, with the remaining fraction reaching the environment by several phenomena such as leaching, and ending up in aquatic ecosystems: the final receptor of micropollutants. Chemical stressors induce changes in taxonomic composition of fauna and flora which are now the focus of many biomonitoring studies. Interspecific competition and predation are structuring factors of community composition. But the combined effects of biotic relationships (competition, predation) and pesticides are rarely accounted for.

We tested four factors (Predation, Competition, Diuron (Herbicide) and Imidacloprid
(insecticide)) separately on three distinct morphotypes of two diatoms species: Planothidium lanceolatum and Gomphonema gracile (normal and teratogen forms), to quantify the daily growth kinetics of each under varied pressures. The predator used was a nematode, cosmopolitan in soils and aquatic ecosystems (Aphelenchoides bicaudatus). We reproduced experiments combining the factors in binary and ternary combinations. Diuron had lower toxicity than expected, while imidacloprid affected the growth of non-target diatoms. Interalgal competition had marked negative effects on diatom growth kinetics, which increased as supplementary pressures (nematodes and/or pesticides) were added. These results demonstrate that ecological relationships in freshwater biofilms (competition, predation) have a non negligible effect on community composition, population behavior and impacts usually observed. Multistress conditions including the presence of pesticides in freshwaters are expected to affect biodiversity in ways that are hard to predict from simple toxicity assays.

## Corbicula fluminea: A sentinel species for urban Rare Earth Element origin

**Authors:** Pereto C, Coynel A, Lerat-Hardy A, Gourves PY, Schafer J, Baudrimont M

**Source:** SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
732:138552, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138552

**Abstract:** The increase in the global population, coupled with growing consumption of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), has led to increasing transfer of these emerging contaminants into the environment, particularly through the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The objectives of this study were to determine the geochemical quality of a French river subject to strong urban pressure (the Jalle River in the Bordeaux area) and to examine the bioavailability of natural and anthropogenic REEs in a model species of freshwater bivalve, the Asian clam *Corbicula fluminea*. To this end, two fractions (dissolved and total) of the water from the Jalle River were sampled and the bivalves were exposed by in situ caging during a three-month monitoring period. The REE patterns obtained showed the presence of Gadolinium (Gd) anomalies in the dissolved and total

fractions as well as in *Corbicula fluminea*. The apparent bioavailability of natural REEs was in the following order for the dissolved fraction: Medium REEs (MREEs) > Light REEs (LREEs) > Heavy REEs (HREEs) and for the particulate fraction: MREEs > LREEs = HREEs. These results highlight the importance of the particulate fraction in the study of the bioavailability of REEs in bivalves. An increase of anthropogenic Gd (Gdanth) was observed in the dissolved fraction between the upstream site (3.4 ng.L⁻¹) and the WWTP Downstream site (48.4 ng.L⁻¹). The Gd anomaly observed in the water was also observed in Corbicula fluminea with a significant increase in the bioaccumulation of Gdanth, from 1.5 ± 1 ng.gDW⁻¹ upstream to 4.1 ± 0.7 ng.g DW⁻¹ downstream of the WWTP effluents, thus confirming the enhanced bioavailability of medical-origin Gd to freshwater bivalves. This study strongly suggests that *Corbicula fluminea* can be used as a sentinel species in the monitoring of Gd contamination of medical origin. It would thus appear important to consider the potential entry of this contaminant into the human food chain via other, commercially exploited bivalve species.

## Environmental and Human Health Issues Related to Long-Term Contamination by Chlordecone in the French Caribbean

**Authors:** Benoit P, Cravedi JP, Desenclos JC, Mouvet C, Rychen G, Samson M

**Source:** Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09531-4

**Abstract:** Chlordecone is an organochlorine insecticide extensively used in the French Caribbean (FC), Guadeloupe and Martinique, from 1972 to 1993. This pesticide, which was applied on banana plantations to control banana weevil, undergoes an extremely slow degradation in the environment and is still present in soils where it was applied. It was only in 1999 that French health and environmental authorities became aware of the extent of the pollution due to chlordecone. In addition to soils, it was detected in rivers and groundwaters as well as in coastal ecosystems, and was found to contaminate the terrestrial and aquatic food
chains. From that date, the consequences of long-term environmental contamination by chlordecone on human and ecosystem health were considered of major concern...

Effects of chronic exposure to a pharmaceutical mixture on the three-spined stickleback (gasterosteus aculeatus) population dynamics in lotic mesocosms

**Authors:** David V, Joachim S, Catteau A, Not K, Ronkart S, Robert C, Gillard N, Bado-Nilles A, Chadili E, Palluel O, Turies C, Julian N, Castiglione J, Dedourge-Geffard O, Hani Y, Geffard A, Porcher JM, Beaudouin R

**Source:** AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 224:105499, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105499

**Abstract:** Pharmaceutical substances are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and their concentration levels typically range from ng/L up to several pg/L. Furthermore, as those compounds are designed to be highly biologically active, assessing their impacts on non-target organisms is important. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment testing a mixture of five pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, carbamazepine, irbesartan, acetaminophen and naproxen) on fish, three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The mixture concentration levels were chosen on the basis of the contamination of the Meuse river in Belgium which had been measured previously during a monitoring campaign undertaken in 2015 and 2016. Three nominal mixture concentration levels were tested: the lowest concentration level mixture was composed by environmentally-relevant concentrations that approximate average realistic values for each pharmaceuticals (Mxl); the two other levels were 10 and 100 times these concentrations. Although no impact on stickleback prey was observed, the mixture significantly impaired the survival of female fish introduced in the mesocosms at the highest treatment level without causing other major differences on fish population structure. Impacts on condition factors of adults and juveniles were also observed at both individual and population levels. Using a modelling approach with an individual-based model coupled to a bioenergetic

model (DEB-IBM), we concluded that chronic exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of five pharmaceuticals often detected in the rivers did not appear to strongly affect the three-spined stickleback populations. Mechanisms of population regulation may have counteracted the mixture impacts in the mesocosms.

Trophic Conditions Influence Widespread Distribution of Aster-Like Nanoparticles Within Aquatic Environments

**Authors:** Fuster M, Billard H, Mandart M, Steiger J, Sime-Ngando T, Colombet J

**Source:** MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, Early Access, 2020, DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01541-6

**Abstract:** Aster-like nanoparticles (ALNs) are newly described femto-entities. Their ecology (e.g., geographic distribution, spatial dynamic, preferences, forcing factors) is still unknown. Here, we report that these entities, which have largely been ignored until now, can develop or maintain themselves in most aquatic environments in the Loire River catchment, France. We observed a significant influence of the trophic state on ALN ecological distributions. A positive relationship between prokaryotic abundance and ALN (r2 = 0.72, p < 0.01) has been identified, but its exact nature remains to be clarified. Combined with their ubiquitous distribution and high abundances (up to 7.9 x 10(6) ALNs mL (-1)) recorded in our samples, this probably makes ALNs an overlooked functional component in aquatic ecosystems.

OUVRAGES /
RAPPORTS / ACTES
DE CONGRES

Can the history of pollution shape a better future?
The poisonous legacy of industry holds lessons, two books show.

The Chemical Age: How Chemists Fought Famine and Disease, Killed Millions, and Changed Our Relationship with the EarthFrank A. von Hippel Univ. Chicago Press (2020)

The Contamination of the Earth: A History of Pollutions in the Industrial AgeFrançois Jarrige & Thomas Le Roux. Translated by Janice Egan & Michael Egan MIT Press (2020)

Nature 585:25-26, 2020, DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-02498-9

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## Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments, Volume 1, 1st Edition: Occurrence, Effects and Challenges in a Changing World

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

Editors: Juan Duran-Álvarez Blanca Jimenez-Cisneros ; Elsevier, 4th Jan. 2021, 800 p., ISBN: 9780081029718

Pharmaceuticals in Marine and Coastal Environments: Occurrence, Effects and Challenges in a Changing World is divided into three sections that address a) coastal areas as the main entrance of pharmaceuticals into the ocean, b) the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in the environmental compartments of the ocean media, and c) the effects that such pollutants may cause to the exposed marine organisms. With its comprehensive discussions, the book provides a wide depiction of the current state-of-the-art on these topics in an effort to open new sources of investigation and find suitable solutions.

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## Heavy Metals in the Environment 1st Edition: Impact, Assessment, and Remediation

Editors: Vinod Kumar Anket Sharma; Elsevier, 1st January 2021, 248 p. ISBN: 9780128216569

Heavy Metals in the Environment: Impact, Assessment, and Remediation synthesizes both fundamental concepts of heavy metal pollutants and state-of-the-art techniques and technologies for assessment and remediation. The book discusses the sources, origin and health risk assessment of heavy metals as well as the application of GIS, remote sensing and multivariate techniques in the assessment of heavy metals. The various contamination indices like contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, and pollution index ecological risk index are also included to provide further context on the state of heavy metals in the environment.

Covering a variety of approaches, techniques, and scenarios, this book is a key resource for environmental scientists and policymakers working to address environmental pollutants.

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REVUE DE PRESSE /
ALTERNATIVES /
BIOPESTICIDES

Avec la plateforme
Openfield, Bioline illustre la
3e voie de l'agriculture
## Terre-net 31/08/20

Pour illustrer sur le terrain sa notion de la 3e voie de l'agriculture, Bioline a mis en place la campagne passée la plateforme d'essais Openfield, basée sur l'innovation et la combinaison de solutions. Les visites réelles ayant été compromises par la situation sanitaire du pays, l'entité vous propose une visite digitale via le développement d'un site web dédié.

Face aux différents enjeux du monde agricole, Bioline France prône la mise en œuvre de la 3e voie de l'agriculture (#3VA), synonyme « d'une agriculture performante et durable au bénéfice des consommateurs (objectif 0 % de résidu de pesticides), des agriculteurs (un revenu juste et équitable) et de l'environnement (anticiper les changements climatiques et préserver la biodiversité) ». [...]

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# Gestion du risque : activer tous les leviers agronomiques

## Arvalis 10/08/20

Pour lutter efficacement contre les maladies des céréales, la gestion des résistances et des intrants implique de construire sa protection bien en amont du semis. La prise en compte de certaines données parcellaires (gestion des résidus, rotation, variété) allège la facture de la lutte en végétation. Si la lutte chimique, bien positionnée, est une réponse efficace aux maladies en végétation, elle ne doit pas être le seul recours.

L'essentiel est de l'inscrire dans une approche agronomique globale pour répondre à l'enjeu de produire plus et mieux. L'utilité de ces « bonnes pratiques prophylactiques », qui visent à prévenir l'apparition ou la propagation d'une maladie, n'est pas toujours perçue par l'agriculteur et elles sont parfois oubliées, voire négligées, au profit d'une lutte chimique à laquelle une grande confiance est accordée.

Sommaire :

* Anticiper pour limiter le risque

* La fusariose se cache dans les résidus végétaux

* Le piétin-verse apprécie les rotations chargées en blé

* Le choix variétal améliore le contrôle de la septoriose

* Verrouiller la rouille brune

[...]

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# REVUE DE PRESSE / ASSOCIATIONS

## Ré-autorisation de pesticides interdits : l'UFC-Que Choisir dénonce une grave atteinte démocratique, environnementale et sanitaire

### UFC-Que choisir 01/09/20

En voulant ré-autoriser les néonicotinoïdes, dans un premier temps pour la betterave et potentiellement pour toutes les cultures, le Gouvernement met en péril la stratégie française d'éradication des pesticides les plus dangereux. Ce projet, déjà ficelé, ne fera l'objet d'aucun débat au CNTE réuni mardi 1er septembre, d'aucun avis, mais d'une simple présentation. Dans ces conditions, l'UFC-Que Choisir boycottera cette séance en signe de vive protestation quant aux conditions d'élaboration d'un projet aussi critiquable, tant dans ses conséquences sanitaires qu'environnementales. [...]

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## Alerte Sondage : Près de 7 français sur 10 opposés aux dérogations pour les insecticides néonicotinoïdes sur les cultures de betterave !

### Générations futures 25/08/20

Générations Futures demande au gouvernement d'entendre ce rejet massif et de renoncer à réautoriser ces 'tueurs d'abeilles' pour la culture de la betterave !
L'opposition massive des français aux dérogations pour les insecticides néonicotinoïdes 'tueurs d'abeilles' que le gouvernement envisage d'accorder aux betteraviers est confirmée par un sondage Opinion Way réalisé pour Générations Futures et publié ce mardi 25 août. Ce sondage, réalisé du 19 au 20 août sur un échantillon de 1028 personnes (constitué selon la méthode des quotas) est en effet sans appel : ce sont 69% des personnes interrogées qui se disent opposées à de telles dérogations. Seulement 29% des sondés se disent favorables à la mesure. [...]

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## EU microplastics ban set to make a growing problem worse

EEB 1/09/20

The world is being smothered by a growing cloud of toxic plastic particles, which the EU has pledged to ban. But the typical cast of powerful industrial polluters has secured a loophole that excludes nano, the most dangerous form of microplastic.

The EU has promised to tackle microplastic pollution. Its own scientists are warning that the situation is out of control and will be a "widespread risk within a century." [...]

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## Pesticides and Fertilizers Outrank Fossil Fuels as the Number One Contributor of Hazardous Sulfur Emissions

Beyond Pesticide, August 27, 2020

The latest research finds that pesticides and fertilizers supersede fossil fuels as the greatest contributor of sulfur emissions in the environment, according to U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded study, published in Nature Geoscience. Particularly, atmospheric

sulfur dioxide and reactive sulfur emissions contribute to sulfur deposition via acidic rain and snow, causing a multitude of human and animal health problems and environmental degradation. Although some U.S. policy regulations curb sulfur emissions from atmospheric sources, alternative sulfur inputs from agricultural sources can cause similar issues as atmospheric sulfur emissions, including acid rain. With peak sulfur concentrations from agricultural outputs up to ten-fold higher than previous 20th-century sulfur levels, studies like these are significant in understanding how underrepresented pollution sources may contribute to overall environmental pollution. Lead author of the study, Eve-Lyn Hinckley, Ph.D., states, "We have an imperative to understand the impact that we're having on the environment. And then we need to work together towards solutions to mitigate those effects." [...]

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## Neonicotinoids harm shrimp and oyster Health, decrease nutritional value

Beyond Pesticides, August 26, 2020

Neonicotinoid insecticides damage the health of shrimp and oysters, according to two new studies published by Australian researchers. Although this class of chemicals is best known for its hazardous impacts on pollinator populations, it is becoming increasingly clear that the entire food chain is at risk from continued neonicotinoid use. This study builds on an already established body of literature showing these systemic chemicals poison waterways. [...]

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## Insecticides tueurs d'abeilles : le gouvernement ne doit pas se laisser berner et doit accéder à la demande des 71 000 signataires de notre pétition !

Générations futures 11/08/20
# Dérogations pour les insecticides tueurs d'abeilles : Générations Futures réagit et s'insurge !

## Générations futures 06/08/20

Fin juillet notre association s'insurgeait contre l'attitude de quatre vice-présidents élus dans des régions betteravières (Hauts-de-France, Grand Est, Ile-de-France et Normandie) qui s'exprimaient aux côtés de plusieurs représentants de la CGB (planteurs de betteraves) lors d'une conférence de presse le 29 juillet 2020, demandant à retoucher à la loi pour permettre, par dérogation, l'usage des néonicotinoïdes en protection de semences (lire notre CP ici).

Force est de constater que notre colère face à la pression des betteraviers était légitime car nous venons d'apprendre que le ministère de l'Agriculture va accorder des dérogations permettant d'utiliser des néonicotinoïdes sur cette culture. Le Ministère annonce une modification législative cet automne pour permettre explicitement, pour la campagne 2021 et le cas échéant les deux campagnes suivantes tout au plus, le recours à l'article 53 du règlement européen n°1107/2009 pour pouvoir prendre au moment des semis une dérogation de 120 jours pour les semences enrobées. [...] Accès au document

## Intox sur les pesticides dans l'eau à Tautavel : l'eau du robinet est archi potable.

## Alerte-environnement 31/07/20

La diffusion sur TF1 il y a quelques jours d'un reportage sur les habitants de Tautavel (Midi-Pyrénées) nous donne l'occasion de nous pencher sur la problématique des pollutions de l'eau aux pesticides et de tordre le coup à la propagande des marchands de peur. [...]

En l'occurrence, les habitants de Tautavel sont privés d'eau potable depuis un mois et demi et bien sûr, la colère monte. [...]

La présence des résidus de pesticides dans l'eau potable est encadrée par la directive européenne 98/83/CE. Ce texte fixe des limites de qualité pour les pesticides : 0,1 µg/L par substance et 0,5 µg/L pour la somme de ces substances.

Selon les informations rapportées dans les média pour Tautavel, cette pollution de l'eau serait due à la présence de résidus de deux pesticides : le thiaméthoxame (famille des néonicotinoïdes, interdit en 2018) et le fluxapyroxade. Les taux de résidus de ces deux substances ont dépassé chacune le seuil réglementaire de 0,1 µg/L et cumulés, le taux de 0,5 µg/L, ce qui a déclenché une alerte de l'Agence régionale de Santé et une interdiction de boire l'eau du robinet.

Effectivement, [...] sur le site dédié, on trouve ces données datant du 24 juin :

Le taux de résidus de thiaméthoxame est donc revenu en deçà du seuil de 0,1 µg/L et celui du Fluxapyroxade est au toujours au-dessus, ce qui justifierait l'interdiction toujours en vigueur de boire l'eau potable.

Sauf que [...] le seuil de 0,1 µg/L est un seuil de qualité de l'eau potable et non pas un seuil sanitaire. Pour certaines substances, un seuil sanitaire a été défini (appelé Vmax). En l'occurrence, pour le fluxapyroxade, cette valeur est de 44 µg/L. Qu'en déduire ? C'est que l'eau de Tautavel est parfaitement potable depuis fin juin ! Qu'attend l'Agence régionale de santé pour l'annoncer et pour rassurer la population ? Quant aux ONG qui surfent sur ce sujet, elles confirment leur rôle de marchandes de peur.

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## 28 Pesticides Linked to Mammary Gland Cancer, Inadequately Reviewed by EPA

## Beyond Pesticides, August 7, 2020

Research out of the Silent Spring Institute identifies 28 registered pesticides linked with development of mammary gland tumors in animal studies. Study authors Bethaida Cardona and Ruthann Rudel also report that many of the pesticides they investigated behave as endocrine disruptors; breast cancers in humans are significantly influenced by hormones generated by the endocrine system. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) acknowledges that nine of these 28 pesticide compounds cause mammary tumors, but dismisses the evidence of the other 19. The results of this research, published in the journal Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,
evince Beyond Pesticides' long-standing argument that the risk assessment process used by EPA for its pesticide registration process is substantially inadequate to protect human health. [...]

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# Tentatives d'affaiblissement de la future stratégie européenne sur les produits chimiques au sein de la Commission

## Générations futures 28/7/20

Rappelons que dans le cadre du pacte vert pour l'Europe (European Green Deal), lancé en décembre 2019 afin de rendre l'économie de l'UE durable et notamment d'atteindre l'ambition « zéro pollution » pour un environnement exempt de substances toxiques, la stratégie européenne durable sur les produits chimiques (Chemical strategy for sustainability) est actuellement en cours d'élaboration. Cette stratégie visant à réduire les risques liés à la production et à l'utilisation de produits chimiques dangereux, et ainsi à mieux protéger les citoyens et l'environnement tout en encourageant l'innovation pour le développement de solutions de substitution sûres et durables, devrait être présentée par la Commission à l'automne.

Rappelons également que le Parlement européen adoptait vendredi 10 juillet une résolution à une large majorité (579 voix pour, 18 contre et 84 abstentions) sur la stratégie de l'UE sur les produits chimiques, établissant un programme détaillé pour la Commission européenne afin de placer la protection de notre santé et de l'environnement au premier plan. [...]

A présent, la direction générale chargée de l'environnement (DG Environnement) au sein de la Commission a pour mission d'élaborer cette stratégie. Or, nous avons appris que son contenu faisait l'objet de vifs débats. La bataille se joue notamment entre la DG Environnement et la direction générale chargée du marché unique, de l'industrie, de l'entrepreneuriat et des petites entreprises (DG Grow), présidée par le Français Thierry Breton.

Plusieurs médias, dont le quotidien Le Monde, ont eu accès au projet de texte amendé et commenté par la DG Growqui cherche explicitement à vider de sa substance la stratégie. Les commentaires visent principalement à sauvegarder les intérêts économiques des entreprises, à minimiser les preuves scientifiques existantes sur les effets sur la santé et l'environnement d'un nombre important de produits chimiques présentes sur le marché européen, et à freiner l'adoption de mesures en faveur de la santé publique. [...]

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# Générations Futures s'oppose fermement aux insecticides néonicotinoïdes dans les plantations de betteraves !

## Générations futures 30/07/20

Non à la pression des betteraviers !

Alerte. Quatre vice-présidents élus dans des régions betteravières (Hauts-de-France, Grand Est, Ile-de-France et Normandie) se sont exprimés aux côtés de plusieurs représentants de la CGB (planteurs de betteraves) lors d'une conférence de presse le 29 juillet 2020, demandant à retoucher à la loi pour permettre, par dérogation, l'usage des néonicotinoïdes en protection de semences.

Rappel. Les néonicotinoïdes ont été interdits dans les champs français à partir du samedi 1er septembre 2018 en France, afin de protéger les colonies d'abeilles décimées par l'usage de ces produits chimiques très toxiques. [...]

« Face à la pression des betteraviers, Générations Futures se positionne fermement contre d'éventuelles dérogations accordées à des néonicotinoïdes pour la culture de la betterave car ces substances sont trop dangereuses pour l'environnement et la santé pour être utilisées en agriculture. De telles dérogations constitueraient une régression inacceptable en matière de politique agricole et de santé environnementale, totalement incompatible avec les objectifs affichés par le gouvernement dans ces domaines. » déclare François Veillerette, Directeur de Générations Futures.

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# Long-Term Pesticide Exposure Linked to Hearing Loss in Farmworkers

## Beyond Pesticides, July 30, 2020

Simultaneous exposure to pesticides and noise from agricultural machinery increases farmworkers, risk of hearing loss, according to the study, "Hearing Loss in Agricultural Workers Exposed to Pesticides and Noise," published in the journal Annals of Work Exposures and Health. Hearing loss is the 3rd most common health issue in the U.S., affecting eight million Americans. Although specific conditions like age, illness, and genetics, can mediate hearing loss, research suggests other factors can induce auricle (ear) damage, including medications, exposure to toxic chemicals (including pesticides), and loud, ongoing noise. Past studies find an association between hearing loss and pesticide exposure or noise exposure, alone. However, this study is one of the first to associate hearing loss with the additive effect to concurrent, persistent pesticide exposure, and noise. [...]

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# Much Higher Rates of Covid-19 Infection and Death in Farmworkers and Landscapers, May Be Enhanced by Pesticide Exposure

## Beyond Pesticides, July 29, 2020

Farmworkers and landscapers are deemed essential employees during the coronavirus outbreak, but without mandated safety protocols or government assistance, have experienced an explosion in Covid-19 cases. Workers in these industries are primarily Latinx people of color, many of whom are undocumented. According to a report published by the University of California Los Angeles, Latinx Californians aged 50 to 64 have died from the virus at rate five times higher than white people of the same age. The poor working conditions farmworkers and landscapers are subject to already put them at

disproportionate risk of pesticide-induced diseases. Alongside other hardships such as preexisting health problems, family obligations, cramped housing and transportation, threat of deportation, and communication difficulties, the risks of these essential workers contracting and dying from Covid-19 are compounded exponentially. [...]

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# Researchers Developing New Methods to Detect Pesticide Contamination in Bee Hives

## Beyond Pesticides, July 28, 2020

With honey bees around the world under threat from toxic pesticide use, researchers are investigating a new way to track environmental contaminants in bee hives. This new product, APIStrip (Adsorb Pesticide In-hive Strip), can be placed into bee hives and act as a passive sampler for pesticide pollution. Honey bees are sentinel species for environmental pollutants, and this new technology could provide a helpful way not only for beekeepers to pinpoint problems with their colonies, but also track ambient levels of pesticide pollution in a community. [...]

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# Fiche info sur les PFAS dans l'environnement

## Centre ecotox 9/7/20

Les substances perfluoroalkylées et polyfluoroalkylées (PFAS) forment un groupe de plus de 4700 composés utilisés dans de nombreux procédés et produits tels que les revêtements anti adhésifs et les mousses anit-incendie. Très stables dans l'environnement, les PFAS sont déjà détectables presque partout dans les êtres vivants et le milieu naturel, ce qui est très inquiétant car elles sont souvent toxiques et peuvent s'accumuler dans les animaux sauvages et les êtres humains. Une nouvelle fiche info fournit des informations sur leur présence, leur toxicité et leur régulation.

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# Pesticide mixtures a bigger problem than previously thought

**EurekAlert! 14/7/20**

New research led by The University of Queensland has provided the first comprehensive analysis of pesticide mixtures in creeks and rivers discharging to the Great Barrier Reef.

UQ's School of Earth and Environmental Sciences researcher Associate Professor Michael Warne conducted the study with the Queensland Department of Environment and Science, and analysed 2600 water samples from 15 waterways that discharge into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon over a four-year period.

"While I knew many water samples would contain mixtures, I was shocked to find that essentially every sample contained mixtures of pesticides," Dr Warne said. [...]

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# 76,3% des quantifications de pesticides dans l'air sont le fait de pesticides PE suspectés et/ou classés CMR 1ou 2 selon l'UE

**Générations futures 16/7/20**

Analyse des résultats de la Campagne Nationale Exploratoire des Pesticides dans l'air (CNEP) par Générations Futures

Générations Futures a décidé d'analyser les résultats de la Campagne Nationale Exploratoire de mesure des résidus de Pesticides dans l'air ambiant parus début juillet 2020 en appliquant la même méthodologie que dans son rapport de février 2020 analysant les données publiées par les AASQA de 2002 à 2017 regroupées sur la base PhytAtmo. Seules ont été retenues les substances actives quantifiées au moins une fois dans le cadre de la CNEP.

Les propriétés CMR (1 ou 2) et le statut d'autorisation des substances pesticides en Europe ont été définies en fonction de la base de

données de l'Union européenne sur les pesticides : EU pesticides database en février 2020. [...]

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# Mancozèbe : Nous ne voulons plus de ce fongicide dangereux au sein de l'UE !

**Générations futures 16/7/20**

Générations Futures et 6 associations écrivent au nouveau Ministre français de l'Agriculture, Mr. Julien Denormandie, pour lui demander de soutenir le non-renouvellement du fongicide toxique Mancozèbe lors de la réunion des représentants des gouvernements européens le 16 juillet.

Objet : Vote des 16 et 17 juillet au sein du Comité permanent des végétaux, des animaux, des denrées alimentaires et de l'alimentation animale (ScoPAFF) sur le non-renouvellement de l'autorisation du fongicide Mancozèbe. Soutien de la France à la proposition de la Commission européenne.

Copie à Madame Pompili, Ministre de la Transition écologique

Monsieur le Ministre de l'Agriculture, nous vous écrivons au nom des associations suivantes : Justice Pesticides, Générations Futures, Réseau Environnement Santé, Wecf France, Phyto-Victimes, FNAB, France Nature Environnement, pour vous demander de soutenir la proposition de la Commission européenne (CE) de ne pas renouveler l'autorisation du fongicide Mancozèbe, compte tenu de son identification par l'EFSA comme substance présentant six domaines critiques d'inquiétude. [...]

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# Pesticides dans l'air : Générations Futures dénonce la communication mensongère de l'ANSES

**Générations futures 15/7/20**

Générations Futures livre son analyse du rapport de la Campagne Nationale Exploratoire de mesure des résidus de Pesticides dans l'air
ambiant publié le 2 juillet et dénonce une communication mensongère de l'ANSES sur ces résultats.

## DES PESTICIDES DANGEREUX QUANTIFIÉES DANS DE NOMBREUSES ANALYSES

Les résultats de la Campagne Nationale Exploratoire de mesure des résidus de Pesticides dans l'air ambiant (CNEP 2018-2019) sont parus récemment. Générations Futures a [...] décidé de passer les données de la CNEP au même filtre d'analyse que celui que nous avions utilisé en février 2020 pour les campagnes d'analyses régionales réalisées de 2002 à 2017 par les différents AASQA. Nous avons donc recherché les pesticides perturbateurs endocriniens, cancérogènes, mutagènes ou reprotoxiques parmi les molécules quantifiées dans la CNEP.

Le résultat est sans appel puisque plus de 76% des quantifications de pesticides dans l'air étaient le fait de pesticides PE suspectés et/ou classés CMR 1 ou 2 selon l'UE (concerne 74,55% des Substances Actives quantifiées soit 41/55).

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# Le Parlement européen adopte une résolution sur la future stratégie de l'UE en matière de produits chimiques

## Générations futures 13/7/20

Vendredi dernier, le Parlement européen a adopté une résolution sur la stratégie de l'UE sur les produits chimiques, établissant un programme détaillé pour la Commission européenne. L'objectif visé est de placer la protection de notre santé et de l'environnement au premier plan de la future législation sur les produits chimiques [1]. [...]

En tant qu'élément clé de cette résolution, les eurodéputés demandent à la Commission de mettre enfin à jour et sans délai son cadre législatif sur les perturbateurs endocriniens (PE) et de renforcer la mise en œuvre de la législation existante. [...]

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# SDHI : alerte sanitaire non légitime

## Alerte-environnement 10/7/20

Nos lecteurs ne l'ignorent pas, les fongicides inhibiteurs de la succinate déshydrogénase (SDHI) sont le nouveau chiffon rouge agité par des marchands professionnels de peur comme Générations Futures. Un rapport de l'Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques (OPECST) publié le 25 juin 2020 juge que les craintes soulevées par un « collectif scientifique » au printemps 2018 (mais jamais démontrées) ne sont « pas (suffisantes) pour légitimer une alerte sanitaire à la hauteur des craintes exprimées par voie de presse ». Vous nous direz, les qualifications de certains soutiens de ces chercheurs laissaient songeurs.

Parmi les 450 signataires, il y a d'éminents scientifiques ! Le 1er, Henri-Pierre Arbenlenc, entomologiste, déclare sur son blog : « Trop hédoniste et n'ayant jamais été matheux, je n'ai pu faire d'études scientifiques [...] https://t.co/RAtkePacJOhttps://t.co/obclpxsn1C

– GRW (@AEGRW) January 21, 2020

Continuons notre petite analyse des signataires de la tribune #SDHI : Angela Biancofiore, qui enseigne l'art et la littérature italienne à l'Université Paul-Valéry de Montpellier. Certainement une grande spécialiste des #SDHI ! https://t.co/xzcnsFXBHchhttps://t.co/obclpxsn1C

– GRW (@AEGRW) January 21, 2020

En page 56 du rapport, Jean-Luc Fugit, député et scientifique revient sur l'intervention du Pr Rustin, pourfendeur des SDHI, auditionné par l'OPECST :

Nous avons eu des démonstrations qui m'ont paru peu convaincantes, à l'image des feuilles des végétaux : elles ne sont pas imperméables comme l'a dit l'équipe de chercheurs, car les végétaux respirent par les stomates des feuilles, par lesquels l'eau est évacuée et qui permettent la fixation du CO2. J'ai eu le sentiment de ne pas me trouver en face de scientifiques, mais de militants - le ton m'a d'ailleurs autant gêné que le fond. En bref, cela manque de rigueur scientifique.

Bref, tout cela pour dire que le retrait des SDHI au nom du principe de précaution demandé par
le « collectif scientifique » n'est pas justifié. En 2019, déjà, l'Anses avait conclu que « les travaux de ces chercheurs ne remettaient pas en cause l'évaluation du risque inhérent aux molécules SDHI ».

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# Study Shows Brain Effects during Fetal Development Linked to Common Pesticide Exposure, Supports Call for Organic Alternatives

## Beyond pesticides 10/7/20

A study published in June 2020 in Environmental Health journal is especially concerning for people who become, or plan to become, pregnant. It concludes that personal, agricultural, and household exposures to pesticides may increase the risk of a relatively rare fetal disorder called “holoprosencephaly.” The study finds that pre-conception and the first few weeks of pregnancy are the most vulnerable periods during which exposure can increase risk of this disorder, in which the embryo’s forebrain fails to develop into two distinct hemispheres. The study’s results reinforce Beyond Pesticide’s long-standing warnings of the dangers of pesticides to children and the necessity of shifting to a precautionary approach to the introduction and use of synthetic pesticides (and other chemicals) across all sectors. The importance of this shift is perhaps no more poignantly illustrated than in the impacts that pesticide exposure can have on new life. [...]

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# Thailand's chemical pesticide ban troubles farmers, industries

## BANGKOK Reuters 8/7/20

Thailand enforced a ban on Monday on two agricultural chemicals widely regarded as toxic to humans, prompting claims from farmers they will face losses, while environmental

campaigners welcomed a step towards sustainability.

Many countries have already prohibited paraquat and chlorpyrifos, which are found in pesticides or insecticides.

Some 10 million farming households in Thailand, one of the biggest exporters of natural rubber and sugar, use paraquat to kill weed on palm, rubber, sugarcane, corn, and cassava plantations.

"Without paraquat, Thai farmers will face losses in key crops, because there are no alternatives," said Sukan Sungwanna, secretary-general of the Federation of Safe Agriculture. [...]

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# With 400,000 Malaria Deaths Worldwide, Insect Resistance to Mosquito Pesticides Calls for Urgent Need to Shift to Alternative Management Strategies

## Beyond Pesticides, July 8, 2020

Efforts to control the transmission of malaria are encountering a big, though predictable, problem: the mosquitoes that transmit malaria are developing resistance to at least five of the insecticides that have been central to limiting transmission of the disease. A study released in late June reveals a dramatic increase in resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and DDT across sub-Saharan Africa. This signals the failure of a mainstay chemical approach to the spread of malarial mosquitoes; this same problem — resistance — is happening with chemical management of agricultural pests and weeds, and with antibiotics to treat human bacterial infections. This study underscores a point Beyond Pesticides has made repeatedly: resistance to pesticides (whether insecticides, herbicides, biocides, fungicides, or medical antibiotics) is nearly inevitable. The solution to containing the spread of malaria lies not in the use of more and different chemicals, but in nontoxic approaches that respects nature and ecological balance. [...]

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# Cour des comptes européenne : les initiatives de l'UE n'ont pas enrayé le déclin des abeilles

Terre-Net 9/7/20

La Cour des comptes européenne estime dans un rapport publié jeudi que les initiatives de l'Union européenne pour la protection des abeilles n'ont pas permis d'enrayer leur déclin.

La Politique agricole commune (Pac) a même « contribué au problème et non à sa résolution », assurent les auditeurs dans un communiqué. « Jusqu'à présent, les initiatives lancées par l'UE pour protéger les pollinisateurs sauvages n'ont malheureusement pas été suffisamment ambitieuses pour porter leurs fruits », a déclaré Samo Jereb, responsable du rapport, cité dans un communiqué.

Après son « initiative » de juin 2018 sur la protection des pollinisateurs sauvages, la Commission a établi un cadre de mesures mais « les grandes politiques n'ont pas été substantiellement modifiées » pour en tenir compte, qu'il s'agisse de textes sur la biodiversité, sur la protection des habitats ou encore sur les pesticides, déplore la Cour des comptes européenne.

Sur les pesticides notamment, elle regrette que malgré la législation européenne, certains produits considérés comme responsables de la disparition d'abeilles continuent d'être utilisés. [...]

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# Baisse supposée des pesticides : le ministère de l'Agriculture fait ce jour un coup de com' sur des chiffres provisoires

Générations futures 30/06/20

Générations Futures note que le gouvernement a communiqué [...] mardi 30 sur une supposée baisse des volumes de 44% des volumes de pesticides vendus en 2019 par rapport à 2018.

Cette communication appelle de la part de Générations Futures les remarques suivantes :

il est surprenant que ce type de données soit rendue publique sans que les parties prenantes du plan Ecophyto (sensé réduire les pesticides mis en œuvre en 2008) ne soient prévenues et destinataires des informations officielles ! C'est pour le moins une rupture avec l'esprit de gouvernance à 4 ou 5 qui avait présidé lors du Grenelle de l'environnement qui a conduit, entre autre, à la naissance de ce plan, au profit d'une approche purement Com' du gouvernement.

Générations futures [...] rappelle que cette supposée baisse intervient après une forte hausse en 2018 (+ de 20 %), les chiffres sont donc à mettre en perspective.

De plus Générations Futures s'étonne de voir avancés des chiffres en volume ...alors que l'indicateur de suivi du plan est le NODU, basé sur le nombre de doses, et pas le volume des pesticides. Pourquoi le gouvernement n'utilise t'il pas l'indicateur de référence du plan, qui pourrait donner des chiffres assez différents ?

Il faut toujours prendre des chiffres de vente de pesticides publiés en juillet avec un certain recul car l'expérience nous montre que les remontées d'information peuvent être incomplètes à cette période et les chiffres définitifs connus seulement à l'automne [...].

« Le ministère de l'agriculture fait donc un coup de com' en informant sur des données non consolidées et le tout sans en informer les parties prenantes. Pour toutes ces raisons Générations Futures rappelle le gouvernement à revenir à un fonctionnement normal du suivi du plan Ecophyto ce qui sous-entend un respect des parties prenantes et une vraie transparence dans les données utilisées. » déclare F. Veillerette Directeur de Générations Futures

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La commission de l'environnement du Parlement européen exige de la future stratégie européenne sur les produits chimiques une approche
## axée prioritairement sur la santé

### Générations futures 30/06/20

Hier, la commission de l'environnement, de la santé et de la sécurité alimentaire du Parlement européen (ENVI) a adopté, [...] une résolution définissant sa position sur la stratégie européenne durable sur les produits chimiques. La stratégie finale [...] est attendue pour le second semestre 2020. [...]

Les points saillants de la résolution proposée sont les suivants :

La réaffirmation de l'ambition zéro pollution pour un environnement sans toxique et les liens avec d'autres initiatives liées à sa réalisation, telles que le plan de lutte contre le cancer de l'UE et la stratégie pour la biodiversité. [...]

Une action accélérée sur les produits chimiques prioritaires, y compris : des dispositions pour une définition horizontale des **perturbateurs endocriniens** connus et suspectés et desactions pour minimiser l'exposition ; un plan d'action pour éliminer progressivement les utilisations non essentielles des **PFAS** ; l'accélération de l'élimination progressive des pesticides à haut risque d'ici 2030 ;

Une meilleure comptabilité des mélanges et l'utilisation d'approches de regroupement dans les évaluations ;

Une révision de la législation sur les matériaux en contact avec les aliments pour plus de protection et de cohérence de la santé.

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## Produits phytos - 44 % de pesticides vendus en 2019

### Terre-Net 30/06/20

Les ventes de pesticides ont reculé en France de 44 % en volume en 2019, après l'envolée des ventes intervenue en 2018 (+ 18 %), a annoncé mardi le gouvernement.

Les quantités vendues de glyphosate, désherbant controversé, « diminuent de 35 % (- 3 358 tonnes) entre 2018 et 2019 après avoir augmenté de 11 % (+ 999 tonnes) entre 2017 et 2018 », ont précisé les ministères de la transition écologique et de l'agriculture dans un communiqué conjoint.

Le gouvernement français avait promis fin 2017 que cette molécule serait interdite « dans ses principaux usages » dans un délai de trois ans, sans attendre les cinq ans décidés au niveau européen. [...]

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## Pac et Green Deal
L'eurodéputé B. Biteau veut aller plus loin dans la réduction des pesticides

### Terre-Net 30/06/20

Dans le cadre du Green Deal, la Commission européenne a dévoilé mi-mai ses stratégies Biodiversité et de la Ferme à l'assiette, deux stratégies dont les ambitions respectives ne semblent pas compatibles, estime le député européen Benoît Biteau (EELV), qui défend une suppression totale des pesticides et des engrais de synthèse et milite pour une Pac qui accompagne davantage les transitions.

[...] « La réduction de 50 % des pesticides et des engrais de synthèse sont des objectifs parfaitement atteignables sans impacter la productivité agricole, mais qui ne suffisent pas à enrayer la disparition des oiseaux et insectes », estime l'élu, agriculteur en Charente-Maritime depuis 14 ans. Ils ne permettent pas non plus de réaliser les objectifs de la stratégie Biodiversité, pourtant proposée par la même Commission européenne.

Pour Benoît Biteau, réduire la dose ne résout pas les problèmes en matière de biodiversité. « C'est très réducteur de cantonner la problématique des pesticides à un problème de santé publique, il faut que l'on convoque une approche globale », incluant les effets sur le climat et sur l'environnement, ajoute-t-il. « On ne doit pas continuer sur des voies qui menacent les générations futures, et c'est d'autant plus vrai que l'on a des études qui montrent que c'est possible », insiste l'agriculteur. [...]

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# REVUE DE PRESSE / RECHERCHE ET MEDIAS

## Saving marine life: Novel method quantifies the effects of plastic on marine wildlife

EurekAlert! 31/08/20

Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology together with their international collaborators developed a novel quantitative method to quantify the effects of plastic on marine animals. This method successfully shows that plastic ingestion by sea turtles might be causing population declines, despite a lack of strong effects on individual turtles.

Plastic debris in marine ecosystems is a serious global issue and is the research focus of leading scientists across the globe. Annually, around 10 million tons of waste, mostly plastic, finds its way into the world's oceans. Plastic debris in the open and coastal seas can jeopardize the health of marine wildlife, affecting human health and economy both directly and indirectly. [...]

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## Investigation into ecological impact of Chernobyl wildfires

Nerc 25/08/2020

A new project led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) will investigate the impact of this year's wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone on wildlife.

The 2,600 km2 Ukrainian exclusion zone was created when people and farm animals were evacuated following the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in April 1986. The Chernobyl disaster remains the world's worst nuclear accident and the exclusion zone is the most radioactively contaminated ecosystem on earth. Yet it has become a haven for wildlife in the absence of humans.

An area of more than 500 km2 within the Ukrainian exclusion zone was affected by severe fires in April this year. The new study led by

UKCEH will assess the effect the fires have had on the diversity and abundance of mammals and birds, as well as soil function. It will also assess the impact of the fires on the mobility of radionuclides (or radioactive elements) and the risk posed to firefighters and the general population by the inhalation of contaminated smoke. [...]

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## Treating COVID-19 could lead to increased antimicrobial resistance

EurekAlert! 25/08/20

The use of antibiotics in people with COVID-19 could result in increased resistance to the drugs' benefits among the wider population, a new study suggests.

Patients hospitalised as a result of the virus are being given a combination of medications to prevent possible secondary bacterial infections.

However, research by the University of Plymouth and Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust suggests their increased use during the pandemic could be placing an additional burden on waste water treatment works. [...]

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## Maternal insecticide use during pregnancy and neonatal jaundice

EurekAlert! 28/08/20

The data of 61,751 pregnant women, out of approximately 100,000 collected by the Japan Environment and Children's Study analyzed the association between the maternal usage of insecticides and insect repellents during pregnancy and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The Koshin Unit Center at Shinshu University played a central role in this analysis. Newborns appear jaundiced, or appear to have yellow skin and sclera of the eyes when bilirubin in the blood becomes too high. When bilirubin builds up in the brain and is left untreated, neurotoxic damage can occur in newborns. Phototherapy is
most often used to treat neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. [...]

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## Planetary ball-milling helps protect our planet from plastics pollution

EurekAlert! 27/08/20

Researchers from Osaka University have developed eco-friendly polymer materials with extended functional lifespans that are self-healing, tough and recyclable, by innovatively using a planetary ball mixing method

Plastics are ubiquitous in modern life; unfortunately, once they lose function, they pollute the environment. Now, researchers at Osaka University have developed polymer materials that combine self-healing with strength and recyclability that could extend the functional lifetimes of manufactured plastics, thus minimizing the surging problem of discarded remnants. [...]

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## Reduce insecticide spraying by using ant pheromones to catch crop pests

EurekAlert! 27/08/20

Scientists at the Universities of Bath and Sussex have developed a new system that slowly releases ant pheromones to attract pests to an insecticide bait. This means that instead of spraying the whole crop with pesticides, traps can be placed in specific areas for more targeted protection.

Leaf-cutting ants are major pest species of agriculture and forestry in many areas of the tropics causing an estimated $8 billion damage each year to eucalyptus forestry in Brazil alone.

[...]

The team of chemists and chemical engineers at Bath used molecular sponges called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), to soak up the alarm pheromones of leaf cutter ants and then slowly

release them to attract the insects to a trap. [...]

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## Pollution exposure at work may be associated with heart abnormalities among Latinx community

EurekAlert! 26/08/20

Hispanic/Latinx adults who are exposed to smoke from burning wood, vehicle exhaust, pesticides or metals at workplaces are more likely to have abnormalities of the heart structure and function that could lead to cardiovascular disease, according to new research published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open access journal of the American Heart Association.

Environmental toxin exposure is a recognized cardiovascular disease risk factor. Researchers have found environmental pollutant exposure is associated with stroke, heart attack, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. [...]

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## Biocontrôle : la liste des produits autorisés a été mise à jour

Terre-net 31/08/20

La liste des produits phytopharmaceutiques de biocontrôle a été mise à jour le 13 août par le ministère de l'agriculture.

Publiée le 13 août au bulletin officiel du ministère de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, la liste des produits phytopharmaceutiques de biocontrôle est [...] téléchargeable ici ou consultable sur le site info.agriculture.gouv.fr. [...]

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Betteraves et néonicotinoïdes L'eurodéputé E. Andrieu
## demande à l'Europe d'annuler la dérogation française

Terre-net 27/08/20

Alors que le gouvernement a annoncé sa volonté de revenir sur l'interdiction des néonicotinoïdes suite aux difficultés rencontrées par les betteraviers, le député européen Eric Andrieu a déposé le 26 août une demande de procédure d'annulation auprès de Bruxelles pour suspendre la dérogation française.

« L'Europe pourrait faire annuler la décision française sur les néonicotinoïdes », affirme le député européen Eric Andrieu (Socialiste), qui a déposé auprès de la Commission européenne une demande de procédure d'annulation de la dérogation française. [...]

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## Pollution de l'eau dans le Finistère : interrogations sur la méthanisation industrielle

Actu-environnement 21/08/20

La restriction de l'usage de l'eau dans 50 communes bretonnes résulte d'une pollution occasionnée par une installation de méthanisation. Un événement qui interroge sur le fort développement de la filière et les risques qu'il comporte. [...]

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## Perturbation endocrinienne chez le poisson : synergie entre le réchauffement climatique et les pesticides

Actu-environnement 26/08/20

Les « stress anthropiques », comme le réchauffement climatique ou la pollution des eaux par les pesticides, induisent une perturbation endocrinienne chez un poisson des récifs coralliens, selon une étude menée par des chercheurs du Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS).

En juillet dernier, les scientifiques de l'Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer (BIOM) et du Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement de Moorea (CRIOBE) ont publié leurs travaux dans la revue *Nature Communication*. Leur étude montre comment une perturbation des hormones thyroïdiennes « est à l'origine de défauts sensoriels et de la vulnérabilité à la prédation observés chez le poisson chirurgien bagnard Acanthurus triostegus, exposé aux deux stress anthropiques, température et pesticide », expliquent les scientifiques. [...]

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## Néonicotinoïdes : un projet de loi confirme la volonté d'étendre les dérogations jusqu'en 2023

Actu-environnement 31/08/20

Un projet de loi prévoit de prolonger la possibilité d'accorder des dérogations d'utilisation de produits néonicotinoïdes jusqu'au 1er juillet 2023. Dans la réglementation actuelle, cette possibilité s'arrêtait le 1er juillet 2020. Mais alors que la filière betteravière-sucre est durement touchée par la jaunisse, le Gouvernement a affiché sa volonté d'autoriser l'utilisation de ces produits phytosanitaires en semences enrobées pour lutter contre le puceron, transmetteur de la jaunisse....

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## Néonicotinoïdes autorisés pour la filière betterave : les défenseurs des abeilles sont vent debout

Actu-environnement 17/08/20

Le Gouvernement veut accorder une dérogation de betteraves, infectées par la jaunisse, pour utiliser des pesticides néonicotinoïdes en enrobage de semence au moment des semis dès 2021. Une décision décriée par les défenseurs des abeilles. [...]
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## Pollution linked to antibiotic resistance

EurekAlert! 13/08/20

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing health problem, but new research suggests it is not only caused by the overuse of antibiotics. It's also caused by pollution.

Using a process known as genomic analysis, University of Georgia scientists found a strong correlation between antibiotic resistance and heavy metal contamination in an environment.

Jesse C. Thomas IV, an alumnus of the College of Public Health and the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, found commonalities in soils contaminated with heavy metals on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina.

According to the study, published in the July issue of the journal Microbial Biotechnology, soils with heavy metals had a higher level of specific bacterial hosts that were accompanied by antibiotic-resistant genes. [...]

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## RCSI research finds air pollution in Ireland associated with strokes

EurekAlert! 11/08/20

Scientists have found that air pollution in the winter is associated with more hospitalisations for all strokes in Dublin.

The study, led by researchers from RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, is published in the current edition of Cerebrovascular Diseases.

During winter months in Ireland, particularly in Dublin, higher levels of fine particles, coarse particles, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are found in the air. The sources of these are solid fuel burning, such as coal, peat, and wood, as well as road traffic - especially diesel engines.

After accounting for other variables, such as temperature, humidity, day of the week and

time, the researchers found that there was a statistically significant rise in the number of hospitalisations for strokes in Dublin zero to two days after a rise in air pollution. [...]

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## Atrazine Found to Harm Marsupial Health

Beyond Pesticides, August 12, 2020

The herbicide atrazine can interfere with the health and reproduction of marsupials (including kangaroos and opossums) kangaroo, *Virginia opossum*, according to research published in the journal Reproduction, Fertility, and Development. Although the research focuses on the health of the Australian wallaby, the data is relevant for the only marsupial in the United States, the opossum. Unfortunately, the research is no surprise, as atrazine has a long history of displaying endocrine (hormone) disrupting properties, affecting sex and reproduction in a broad range of species. [...]

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## Agriculture replaces fossil fuels as largest human source of sulfur in the environment

Science daily 11/08/20

A new paper out today in Nature Geoscience identifies fertilizer and pesticide applications to croplands as the largest source of sulfur in the environment -- up to 10 times higher than the peak sulfur load seen in the second half of the 20th century, during the days of acid rain.

As a result, University of Colorado Boulder researchers recommend greatly expanded monitoring of sulfur and examining possible negative impacts of this increase, including increasing levels of mercury in wetlands, soil degradation and a higher risk for asthma for populations in agricultural areas. [...]

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## Depuis quand utilise-t-on des pesticides ?
## Agri-mutuel 13/08/20

Le besoin de préserver les réserves alimentaires plonge ses racines plus de 10 000 années avant le temps présent. Les substances naturelles toxiques font partie des premiers moyens utilisés par l'homme pour se prémunir plus particulièrement contre les dégâts causés par les rongeurs et les insectes. Au fil des siècles, ces moyens se sont perfectionnés avec une recherche menée en parallèle pour obtenir une meilleure efficacité pratique et davantage d'innocuité. [...]

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# Lutte contre les mouches, le taupin... Les producteurs de maïs veulent aussi déroger à l'interdiction des néonicotinoïdes

## Terre-Net 08/08/20

Les producteurs de maïs veulent à leur tour bénéficier d'une dérogation pour utiliser des pesticides à base de néonicotinoïdes, disent-ils vendredi, au lendemain de l'engagement du gouvernement à ouvrir la voie à ces insecticides pour les planteurs de betteraves.

Le ministère de l'agriculture a annoncé jeudi vouloir autoriser les agriculteurs à utiliser dès 2021, « dans des conditions strictement encadrées » et jusqu'en 2023 maximum, des semences de betteraves enrobées de néonicotinoïdes. [...]

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# Alain Commissaire, de Cristal Union, demande « du temps » pour la filière

## Agri-mutuel 07/98/20

Le directeur-général du groupe sucrier français Cristal Union, Alain Commissaire, justifie la réintroduction sous conditions des semences de betteraves enrobées d'un insecticide interdit depuis 2018 : « Il faut donner du temps à la filière. La recherche n'a pas suivi », avance-t-il.

[...]

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# Recours aux néonicotinoïdes, aides, prévention : les mesures gouvernementales

## Agri-mutuel 06/08/20

Face aux multiples alertes de la filière et de nombreux élus, le gouvernement a présenté jeudi 6 août 2020 un plan de soutien à la filière betteravière, concédant que « les alternatives techniques aujourd'hui disponibles se sont révélées inefficaces pour la culture de la betterave ». Ce plan comprend notamment un recours dérogatoire aux néonicotinoïdes au moins pour 2021 et des indemnisations pour les pertes les plus importantes. Objectif : éviter un abandon massif de la betterave en 2021 par les agriculteurs. [...]

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# Lutte anti-limaces : le métaldéhyde dans le viseur

## Terre-net 05/08/20

Les produits molluscicides dont la concentration en méthaldéhyde est supérieure ou égale à 3 % sont désormais classés cancérogènes, mutagènes et toxiques pour la reproduction. Le changement de considération de cette substance active par la puissance publique aura, pour les agriculteurs, un impact financier ainsi que des conséquences sur les pratiques de stockage et d'utilisation des anti-limaces.

Le métaldéhyde, matière active utilisée dans la composition de nombreux anti-limaces, va faire son entrée dans la liste des produits classés CMR 21. [...]

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# Phytosanitaires : pesticide dans l'eau d'un village catalan :
## plainte pour « empoisonnement »

Terre-Net 6/8/20

Deux plaintes ont été déposées mercredi à Perpignan, une pour « empoisonnement », l'autre pour « négligence », à la suite de la découverte de pesticides dans l'eau alimentant un village des Pyrénées-Orientales, a indiqué à l'AFP l'avocat des plaignants.

À la suite de la pollution d'une rivière, les quelque 900 habitants de Tautavel sont privés d'eau potable depuis deux mois. [...]

« Ensuite, ajoute-t-il, [l'avocat] on suspecte un ou des viticulteurs soit d'avoir utilisé ces produits chimiques interdits, soit d'avoir vidangé des cuves contenant ces produits dans des zones inadaptées », qui auraient terminé dans la rivière qui traverse le village, le Verdouble.

« Les analyses révèlent la présence de plusieurs molécules de pesticides, soit du fluxapyroxad, un fongicide, le thiamétoxame, un insecticide substance active de la famille néonicotinoides, de l'atrazine et therbuthylazine dont l'utilisation est interdite par décret N°2018-675 du 30 juillet 2018 », soulignent dans leur plainte les trois associations. [...]

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## Children's National Hospital case report sounds the alarm for antibiotic resistance

EurekAlert! 3/8/20

A recent meningitis case at Children's National Hospital raises serious concerns about antibiotic resistance in the common bacterium that caused it, researchers from the hospital write in a case report. Their findings, published online August 3 in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society, could change laboratory and clinical practice across the U.S. and potentially around the globe. [...]

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## Plastics, pathogens and baby formula: What's in your shellfish?

EurekAlert! 30/7/20

The first landmark study using next-generation technology to comprehensively examine contaminants in oysters in Myanmar reveals alarming findings: the widespread presence of human bacterial pathogens and human-derived microdebris materials, including plastics, kerosene, paint, talc and milk supplement powders.

[...] The study concludes that coastal urbanization and lack of sewage treatment increases contamination in seafood and can cause potential health risks to humans, even large distances from pollution sources. [...]

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## Lead released in Notre Dame Cathedral fire detected in Parisian honey

EurekAlert! 29/7/20

Elevated levels of lead have been found in samples of honey from hives downwind of the Notre Dame Cathedral fire, collected three months after the April 2019 blaze.

In research outlined in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, scientists from UBC's Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research (PCIGR) analyzed concentrations of metals, including lead, in 36 honey samples collected from Parisian hives in July 2019.

While all the honey fell within the EU's allowable limits for safe consumption, honey from hives downwind of the Notre Dame fire had average lead concentrations up to four times that of samples collected in the suburbs or countryside surrounding the city, and up to three and a half times the amount found in Parisian honey predating the fire. [...]

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## Newer PFAS compound detected for first time in Arctic seawater

**EurekAlert! 29/7/20**

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), found in many household products and food packages, have raised concerns because of their persistence and possible toxicity to people and wildlife. Because the compounds don't break down naturally, they have become environmental contaminants. Now, researchers reporting in ACS' Environmental Science & Technology have studied the transport of 29 PFAS into and out of the Arctic Ocean, detecting a newer compound for the first time in Arctic seawater. [...]

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## Exposure to environmental chemicals may disrupt sleep during menopause

**EurekAlert! July 29, 2020**

For menopausal women who have difficulty sleeping, it might be because of chemicals in the environment. A new study based on data from the Midlife Women's Health Study suggests that exposure to various chemicals, such as phthalates, found in hundreds of products used daily, is associated with sleep disruptions in midlife women. Study results are published online today in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society (NAMS). [...]

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## Dingoes have gotten bigger over the last 80 years - and pesticides might be to blame

**EurekAlert! 03/8/20**

Dingoes have gotten around 6-9 per cent bigger over the past 80 years, new research from UNSW and the University of Sydney shows - but the growth is only happening in areas where poison baiting is used. [...]

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## Coastal cities leave up to 75% of seafloor exposed to harmful light pollution

**EurekAlert! 30/07/20**

The global expansion of coastal cities could leave more than three quarters of their neighbouring seafloor exposed to potentially harmful levels of light pollution.

A study led by the University of Plymouth (UK) showed that under both cloudy and clear skies, quantities of light used in everyday street lighting permeated all areas of the water column.

This could pose a significant threat to coastal species, with recent research showing the presence of artificial skyglow can disrupt the lunar compass species use when covering long distances. [...]

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## Pesticides can protect crops from hydrophobic pollutants

**EurekAlert! 28/7/20**

Researchers have revealed that commercial pesticides can be applied to crops in the Cucurbitaceae family to decrease their accumulation of hydrophobic pollutants (*1), thereby improving crop safety. The research group consisted of FUJITA Kentaro (1st year Ph.D. student) of Kobe University's Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Academic Researcher YOSHIHARA Ryouhei (now an assistant professor at Saitama University) and Associate Professor INUI Hideyuki of Kobe University's Biosignal Research Center, Senior Research Scientist KONDOH Yasumitsu, Technical Staff HONDA Kaori and Group Director OSADA Hiroyuki of RIKEN, and Lead Researcher HAGA Yuki and Senior Scientist MATSUMURA Chisato of Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences. [...]

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## Iowa State University scientists examine reproductive effects of glyphosate in mice

EurekAlert! 28/7/20

Exposure to the chemical glyphosate changed the level of some ovarian proteins in mice but did not impact ovarian steroid production, an indication glyphosate may not adversely affect reproduction, according to a new study. [...]

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## Pesticides : la séparation de la vente et du conseil se précise

Actu-environnement 29/07/20

Le ministère de l'Agriculture a ouvert, le 27 juillet, une consultation publique sur plusieurs projets de textes réglementaires visant à organiser précisément la séparation du conseil et de la vente de produits phytosanitaires. Cette séparation est prévue au 1er janvier 2021 par la loi Egalim adoptée à l'automne 2018. Elle doit participer à la réduction de l'utilisation de pesticides. Après l'adoption d'une ordonnance, un décret et deux arrêtés viendront compléter ce dispositif. [...]

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## Métaux en contact avec l'eau potable : la liste des alliages autorisés est actualisée

Actu-environnement 1/07/20

L'arrêté qui actualise la liste des compositions autorisées pour les matériaux et objets métalliques en contact avec l'eau potable est désormais publié au Journal officiel. La Directive sur les eaux destinées la consommation humaine, en cours de révision, demande aux États membres que les substances et matériaux utilisés pour préparer et distribuer l'eau ne présentent pas de risque pour le consommateur. Le présent arrêté fixe les dispositions pour y répondre et actualise l'inventaire...

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## Règlement européen PIC : 22 substances ajoutées à la liste des produits chimiques dangereux exportés

Actu-environnement 23/07/20

Le 22 juillet, l'Agence européenne des produits chimiques (Echa) a annoncé l'ajout de vingt-deux substances à la liste des produits chimiques dangereux qui font désormais l'objet de notifications d'exportation au titre du règlement européen PIC. La majorité des 22 substances ont été ajoutées au règlement PIC parce qu'elles sont interdites en tant que substances actives dans les produits phytopharmaceutiques au sein de l'Union européenne. [...]

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## Sécurité des aliments : l'Anses propose un outil de hiérarchisation des dangers chimiques et biologiques

Actu-environnement 24/07/20

Hiérarchiser les dangers biologiques et chimiques transmis par voie alimentaire. Tel était l'objet de l'expertise confiée en... 2014 à l'Agence de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses) suite aux travaux du comité interministériel pour la modernisation de l'action publique (Cimap) en matière de sécurité sanitaires des aliments. L'Anses a dévoilé vendredi 24 juillet une méthodologie permettant d'établir cette hiérarchisation et de prioriser les situations...

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## Études sur le glyphosate : comment rétablir la confiance dans les données scientifiques ?

Actu-environnement 25/07/20
Le retrait d'un groupe de scientifiques, sélectionné par l'Anses pour réaliser une étude sur la toxicité du glyphosate interroge sur la perte de confiance dans la production de données scientifiques et les moyens pour la rétablir. [...] « Le coordinateur du consortium a décidé de se retirer considérant que les conditions de sérénité n'étaient pas réunies pour avoir un débat scientifique (...), il y a déjà des suspicions sur les données qui pourraient être produites », a indiqué Roger Genet, directeur général de l'Anses, lors de son audition devant l'Assemblée nationale jeudi 23 juillet. [...]

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# Honeybees reveal environmental pollution in their surroundings

EurekAlert! 17/7/20

Honeybee colonies are bioindicators of environmental contamination in the area, since they get coated in everything that there is in the environment, including pollutants, and they end up taking it all back to their bee hives. [...]

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# Study of natural gas flaring finds high risks to babies

EurekAlert! 15/7/20

Researchers from USC and UCLA have found that exposure to flaring - the burning off of excess natural gas - at oil and gas production sites is associated with 50% higher odds of preterm birth, compared with no exposure.

"Our study finds that living near flaring is harmful to pregnant women and babies," said Jill Johnston, an environmental health scientist at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. "We have seen a sharp increase in flaring in Texas' Eagle Ford Shale, and this is the first study to explore

# Global methane emissions soar to record high

EurekAlert! 15/7/20

[...] But levels of the powerful heat-trapping gas methane continue to climb, dragging the world

further away from a path that skirts the worst effects of global warming.

Global emissions of methane have reached the highest levels on record. Increases are being driven primarily by growth of emissions from coal mining, oil and natural gas production, cattle and sheep ranching, and landfills. [...]

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# Antibiotic allergy reporting may lead to resistance, higher costs, decreased safety

EurekAlert! 14/7/20

Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but in determining the most appropriate prescription for a patient, doctors and pharmacists often rely on inaccurate records of the patient's antibiotic allergies. Many records are incomplete, unclear or incorrect. They may have originated with a patient's previous physician, or incompatible electronic medical record systems may have introduced errors. In turn, this may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance, higher health care costs and decreased patient safety. This qualitative study by researchers in the Netherlands identifies problems with the antibiotic allergy reporting process that may point toward interventions for improving registration accuracy. Based on focus group discussions, the researchers suggest that developing a training module and primary care guidelines regarding the registration process, cleaning up existing records, and fostering better communication, both human and electronic, as potential ways to improve antibiotic allergy registrations.

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# Antibiotic resistance and the need for personalized treatments

EurekAlert! 13/7/20

Antibiotic resistance is a growing challenge in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide.
Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics by acquiring or mutating genes that allow them to survive the administration of antibiotics, which otherwise would kill them. However, this advantage in the presence of antibiotics can imply costs to bacteria when the drugs stop being administered. This occurs because resistance generally affects genes that are essential for the cell and so, once back to the original context, without antibiotics, bacteria stop being fit to compete for its own survival.

Until now, our knowledge about this process comes from studies done in artificial systems that provide an incomplete perspective on the real complexity of this phenomenon. To bridge this gap, a team of researchers led by Isabel Gordo, principal investigator at IGC, used mice as a model organism and identified that in the gut, after the administration of antibiotics, competition for survival shows very different dynamics over time depending on the host where it occurs. The same resistance has different interactions that determine that in one individual a bacterium has low ability to survive in the absence of antibiotics, whereas in another individual that ability is high. [...]

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## Bird droppings carry risk of antibiotic resistance

EurekAlert! 13/7/20

Bird poop may pose more health risks than people realize, according to Rice University environmental engineers who study antibiotic resistance.

Their study found high levels of genes that encode antibiotic resistance harbored by opportunistic pathogens in the droppings of common urban ducks, crows and gulls.

The study led by postdoctoral research associate Pingfeng Yu of Rice's Brown School of Engineering appears in the Elsevier journal Environmental Pollution. Yu is a member of the lab of civil and environmental engineer and co-author Pedro Alvarez. [...]

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## Research: Crop plants are taking up microplastics

EurekAlert! 13/7/20

Microplastics (MPs), i.e., tiny plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in length, can now be found throughout the ocean and other aquatic ecosystems, and even in our seafood and salt. As MPs have become ubiquitous, scientists have become concerned about the transfer of MPs from the environment to the food chain and the potential impact of MPs on human health.

Scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) recently found that microplastics are indeed contaminating edible plants, including vegetables we eat. The study was published in Nature Sustainability on July 13. [...]

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## 105th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America: Preview and highlights

EurekAlert! 11/7/20

The sessions and events on this curated list delve into 2020 meeting theme: Harnessing the Ecological Data Revolution. These presentations will be available for registered meeting attendees to view beginning on August 3, 2020. [...]

Better Living Through Pharma-Ecology: What It Takes to Tackle Emerging Contaminants

The term "emerging contaminants" is used to describe numerous chemicals associated with the modern human lifestyle that have inadvertently worked their way into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. As humans have developed new treatments for diseases, safer cosmetics, and more potent pesticides, we have also created new pollutants, which are having significant unintended consequences on organismal and ecosystem health. In this Inspire session, speakers will present novel research on the ecological effects of several key emerging contaminants, including opioids, veterinary antibiotics, human-use antibiotics and insecticides, from microbial to ecosystem scales. [...]
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## Lead fallout from Notre Dame fire was likely overlooked

EurekAlert! 9/7/20

On April 15, 2019, the world watched helplessly as black and yellow smoke billowed from the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris. The fire started just below the cathedral's roof and spire, which were covered in 460 tons of lead -- a neurotoxic metal, dangerous especially to children, and the source of the yellow smoke that rose from the fire for hours. The cathedral is being restored, but questions have remained about how much lead the fire emitted into the surrounding neighborhoods, and how much of a threat it posed to the health of people living nearby.

[...] The study concludes that, for a brief time, people residing within a kilometer and downwind of the fire were probably more exposed to lead fallout than measurements by French authorities indicated. [...]

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## Unraveling the impact of environmental chemicals on the immune system of pregnant women and the health of their children

UFZ 9/7/20

Since July 1st, the UFZ Department of Environmental Immunology has a new Head: Prof. Ana Zenclussen. She was jointly appointed by the UFZ and the Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig and holds the professorship "Pediatric Environmental Epidemiology/Immunology". She previously held the Professorship for Experimental Gynaecology and Obstetrics at the Otto-von-Guericke University in Magdeburg. Ana Zenclussen's research focuses on reproductive immunology, hormonal modulation of immune cells as well as the effects of environmental chemicals on maternal and foetal health and the underlying mechanisms. [...]

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## Identifying sources of deadly air pollution in the United States

EurekAlert! 15/7/20

A new study from University of Minnesota researchers provides an unprecedented look at the causes of poor air quality in the United States and its effects on human health.

The research, to be published Wednesday in the journal Environmental Science and Technology Letters, finds that air pollution from sources in the United States leads to 100,000 deaths in the U.S. each year. About half of these deaths are from burning fossil fuels, but researchers also identified less obvious sources of lethal pollution. [...]

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## Health and Behavioral Development of Beneficial Black Garden Ants Stunted by Low Levels of Pesticide Exposure in Soils

Beyond Pesticides, July 16, 2020

Long-term exposure to sublethal (low-level) concentrations of the neonicotinoid in soil negatively affects the health and behavioral development of black garden ants (Lasius niger) colonies, according to a study published in *Communications Biology* by scientists at the University of Bern, Switzerland. Ants are one of the most biologically significant insects in the soil ecosystem, acting as ecosystem engineers. Their burrowing behavior aerates the soil, allowing oxygen and water to penetrate down to plant roots. Additionally, ants increase soil nutrient levels by importing and accumulating organic material like food and feces, thus enhancing nutrient cycling. [...]

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## From Udder to Table: Toxic Pesticides Found in
## Conventional Milk, Not Organic Milk

### Beyond Pesticides, July 9, 2020

Conventional U.S. milk contains growth hormones, antibiotics, and low to elevated levels of pesticides not found in organic milk, according to a study published in the journal of Public Health Nutrition by Emory University researchers. Milk can bioconcentrate, or accumulate, certain organic pollutants, making it a valuab le medium to assess what chemical we might be ingesting daily. With milk being one of the most consumed beverages in the U.S., in addition to its use in other popular drinks (i.e., coffee and tea), this study discloses widespread contamination and highlights the need for improved regulation. [...]

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## Pacte vert : comment la Commission européenne veut protéger la biodiversité après la crise sanitaire

### ToutefEurope 9/7/20

La pandémie de Covid-19 n'a pas eu raison des ambitions écologiques de la Commission, ni de sa volonté d'agir vite, comme présenté dans le Pacte vert ou Green deal européen. Mieux, elle semble l'avoir renforcée dans cette conviction : "La crise provoquée par la pandémie de Covid-19 a mis en évidence notre vulnérabilité due à l'appauvrissement croissant de la biodiversité et démontré l'importance cruciale d'un système alimentaire efficace pour notre société", indique la Commission européenne. Alors que "plus de la moitié du PIB mondial dépend de la nature et des services qu'elle fournit" selon ses estimations, "la protection de la biodiversité se justifie clairement sur le plan économique".

Dans cet esprit la Commission européenne a présenté le 20 mai 2020 deux stratégies conjointes visant à "renforcer la résilience de l'Europe en enrayant l'appauvrissement de la

biodiversité et en mettant en place un système alimentaire sain et durable". Avec la stratégie "de la ferme à la table", la Commission s'attaque à des sujets tels que le développement de l'agriculture biologique, la protection des consommateurs ou encore le gaspillage alimentaire et l'utilisation des pesticides. [...]

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## Baromètre IBMA France « Les solutions de biocontrôle confirment leur attractivité »

### Terre-Net 8/7/20

Selon le baromètre d'IBMA France, le biocontrôle poursuit sa progression en France avec une hausse de 8,5 % du chiffre d'affaires 2019 en France. Ces ventes représentent près de 11 % du marché de la protection des plantes.

[...]« Cette nouvelle progression confirme l'installation durable du biocontrôle au cœur des itinéraires techniques pour la protection des végétaux », indique Céline Barthet, présidente d'IBMA France. Selon l'association IBMA France, « le biocontrôle se positionne véritablement comme une alternative d'avenir pour limiter l'utilisation des solutions conventionnelles. [...]

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## Produits phytos : consultation publique pour l'interdiction dans tous les lieux de vie d'ici 2022

### Actu-environnement 03/07/20

La ministre de la Transition écologique et solidaire lance une consultation sur l'interdiction des produits phytopharmaceutiques dans les lieux de vie. L'arrêté est soumis à consultation du public jusqu'au 16 août.

Le 1er janvier 2017, la loi Labbé avait interdit aux personnes publiques d'utiliser des produits phytopharmaceutiques pour l'entretien des espaces verts, forêts, promenades et voiries. Une étape qui a permis de diminuer l'usage des produits phytopharmaceutiques par les collectivités et les particuliers de 70 %.
L'arrêté mis en consultation vise à interdire l'utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques dès le 1er juillet 2022 dans tous les lieux de vie en dehors des terrains de sports de haut niveau. [...]

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## Présence de pesticides dans l'air : les connaissances progressent

Actu-environnement 02/07/20

Les résultats de la campagne de mesures des résidus de pesticides dans l'air menée entre juin 2018 et juin 2019 sont connus. L'exercice permet d'affiner la mise en place d'une surveillance pérenne et ouvre d'autres perspectives de recherche.

C'est un pas de plus vers la mise en place d'une stratégie nationale de surveillance des pesticides dans l'air qui s'opère. L'Anses et l'Ineris ont publié les résultats de leur campagne nationale de mesure menée entre juin 2018 et juin 2019 dans toutes les régions et dans différents profils d'habitation (urbain, péri-urbain et rural). Grâce à un protocole harmonisé, cette campagne a permis de mesurer 75 substances sur 50 sites, de produire 100 000 données et d'analyser 1 800 échantillons...

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## Ventes de pesticides : une baisse attendue pour 2019

Actu-environnement 1/07/20

Les premiers chiffres divulgués par le ministère de la Transition écologique font état d'une baisse des ventes de pesticides en 2019. Les ventes de substances actives ont baissé de 44 % entre 2018 et 2019 après une hausse de 18 % l'année précédente. [...]

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Microplastic accumulates pollution heavily in

## coastal areas such as fjords and estuaries

EurekAlert! 30/06/20

Microplastic pollution in marine environments is concentrated most highly in coastal habitats, especially fjords and estuaries, according to a new review article published in the journal Marine Pollution Bulletin. Deep sea environments generally have much lower microplastic concentrations, although there are hotspots where elevated concentrations of microplastic occur.

Each year humans produce 360 million tonnes of plastic, and according to one study, around 8 million tonnes of it enters the ocean. Until recently the fate of microplastics (particles less than 5 mm in size) in the ocean has been unclear, but recent research has found that microscopic particles often settle in marine sediments, following the pattern of other pollutants. [...]

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## Convention citoyenne pour le climat : les mesures agricoles pourraient être adoptées par Emmanuel Macron

Terre-Net 30/06/20

Le président de la République, qui a reçu le 29 juin les citoyens de la Convention pour le climat, s'est dit prêt à reprendre 146 mesures sur les 149 proposées, incluant par conséquent les propositions relatives à l'agriculture.

Mise en place l'année dernière, la Convention citoyenne pour le climat a rendu sa copie le 21 juin, une feuille de route de 149 propositions devant permettre à la France d'atteindre ses objectifs en matière de réduction des gaz à effet de serre. [...]

Le président ouvre donc la possibilité de reprendre toutes les autres mesures, y compris celles qui concernent l'agriculture : 50 % des terres cultivées en agro-écologie, promotion des circuits courts, repas végétariens dans les cantines, interdiction des pesticides d'ici 2040...

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