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## Authors and Affiliations

Letizia Monico<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" />,<fnref n="3" /> · Koen Janssens<fnref n="3" />,<fnref n="4" />,<fnref n="5" /> · Marine Cotte<fnref n="6" />,<fnref n="7" /> · Samuel M. Webb<fnref n="8" /> ·

Frederik Vanmeert<fnref n="3" />,<fnref n="4" /> · Victor Gonzalez<fnref n="9" /> · Geert Van der Snickt<fnref n="3" />,<fnref n="5" /> ·

Katrien Keune<fnref n="4" />,<fnref n="10" /> · Brunetto Giovanni Brunetti<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" /> · Gerald Falkenberg<fnref n="11" /> ·

Jan Garrevoet<fnref n="11" /> · Annelies van Loon<fnref n="4" />,<fnref n="12" /> · Marc Vermeulen<fnref n="13" /> ·

Maite Maguregui¹⁴ · Steven De Meyer<fnref n="3" />,¹⁵ · Ermanno Avranovich Clerici<fnref n="3" /> ·

Fréderique T. H. Broers<fnref n="3" />,<fnref n="4" />,<fnref n="10" />,¹⁶ · Laura Cartechini<fnref n="1" /> ·

Nouchka De Keyser<fnref n="3" />,<fnref n="4" />,<fnref n="5" />,<fnref n="10" /> · Francesco d'Acapito¹⁷ · Florian Meirer¹⁶ ·

Aldo Romani<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" /> · Francesca Rosi<fnref n="1" /> · Sara Carboni Marri<fnref n="1" />,<fnref n="2" /> · Daniela Comelli¹⁸ ·

Nina Deleu<fnref n="3" />,<fnref n="5" /> · Ida Fazlic<fnref n="4" />,<fnref n="6" />,<fnref n="10" /> · Marta Ghirardello¹⁸ · Clément Holé<fnref n="6" /> ·

Silvia Pérez-Diez¹⁹,²⁰ · Mathieu Thoury²¹ · Costanza Miliani²²

✉ Letizia Monico
letizia.monico@cnr.it

✉ Koen Janssens
koen.janssens@uantwerpen.be

<footnote n="1">¹ Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), CNR, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ AXIS Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, The Netherlands</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵ ARCHES Research Group, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Mutsaardstraat 31, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium</footnote>

<footnote n="6">⁶ ESRF, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France</footnote>

<footnote n="7">⁷ LAMS, CNRS UMR 8220, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Place Jussieu 4, 75005 Paris, France</footnote>

<footnote n="8">⁸ Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA</footnote>

<footnote n="9">⁹ Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 4 Av. Des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France</footnote>

<footnote n="10">¹⁰ University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands</footnote>

<footnote n="11">¹¹ DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="12">¹² Mauritshuis, Collection and Science, Plein 29, 2511 CS The Hague, The Netherlands</footnote>

<footnote n="13">¹³ Collection Care Department, The National Archives, Richmond TW9 4DU, UK</footnote>
14 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

15 Paintings Laboratory, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Jubelpark 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

16 Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands

17 CNR-IOM-OGG, c/o ESRF LISA CRG, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France

18 Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy

19 Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Science, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena s/n, Patrimonio Nacional, Bailén S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain

20 Department of Restoration, Directorate of Royal Collections, Royal Palace of Madrid, Patrimonio Nacional, Bailén S/N, 28071 Madrid, Spain

21 IPANEMA CNRS, ministère de la Culture UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, UAR 3461, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

22 Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), CNR, Via Cardinale Guglielmo Sanfelice 8, 80134 Naples, Italy