# Current Situation and Prospect of Grassland Management Decision Support Systems in China

Qingwei Duan, Xiaoping Xin, Guixia Yang, Baorui Chen, Hongbin Zhang, Yuchun Yan, Xu Wang, Baohui Zhang, Gang Li

► To cite this version:

Qingwei Duan, Xiaoping Xin, Guixia Yang, Baorui Chen, Hongbin Zhang, et al.. Current Situation and Prospect of Grassland Management Decision Support Systems in China. 4th Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture (CCTA), Oct 2010, Nanchang, China. pp.134-146, 10.1007/978-3-642-18369-0_16 . hal-01564877

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Current situation and prospect of grassland management decision

support systems in China

Qingwei Duan, Xiaoping Xin*, Guixia Yang, Baorui Chen, Hongbin Zhang, Yuchun
Yan, Xu Wang, Baohui Zhang, Gang Li

1. Hulunber GrassLand Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Beijing
   100081, P.R.China;

2. Key Laboratory of Resource Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture, Ministry of
   Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P. R. China;

3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of
   Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China

E-mail: xinxp@sina.com, Duanqingwei@ires.cn

Abstract

China, with wide grassland areas of the
second rank throughout the world, is faced with
a severe challenge on how to manage its vast
and degenerating/degenerated grassland.
Computer and network technologies are more
and more widely applied in grassland
production, research and education, which is
just a greatly encouraging field. Tremendous
achievements have been made in grassland
management decision support system (GMDSS)
research in developed countries at present, but
there is still a long way to obtain a great
development for developing countries, such as
China. This paper reviewed the research
progress and current situation in the GMDSS
research and application in China. Concept
models and empirical models are still hugely
focused on the corresponding research fields in
China, but the integrated GMDSS has not been
well developed. Therefore, Chinese scientists
must develop the integrated models from the
existing models, and accordingly sinicize the
GMDSS of models used in the developed
countries for availably application. In the other

hand, there is a same direction of research and
development about the GMDSS not only for
developed countries but also for China, which is
going to be combined with internet, 3S (GIS, RS
and GPS) and virtual technology.

1. Introduction

Information technology, digital agricultural
technology and decision support systems (DSS)
and other technologies have been put on a very
important position in agriculture, but China is
still relatively lagging behind in the field of
grassland management DSS(GMDSS) especially
when compared with the developed countries.In
this serious international situation, we must
catch up, otherwise we will not only lag behind
in scientific research, but also prevents China to
an inferior position in the international
competition in the livestock industry.

The grazing system is a complex systems,
including animals, plants, environment and
peoples. About pasture growth, animal nutrition,
the environment changes and the management of
human behavior factors on grazing system
interaction, a great deal of statistics models,
mechanism models and simulation models have
been set up in the past. Scientists established
many computer DSS with the existing models,
which improved the grassland management from
a extensive management to a targeted
intensive management. By simulating various
production management strategy with the DSS,
the simulation results can guide the production
and management. Judging from the production
level of GMDSS, it reducing the production
management of blindness, reduce business risks;
from the policy level, it helping the decision
support for the government. With scientific and
technological development and social needs
increasing, grazing management simulation
model have been made remarkable achievements
in research and applications (Duan Qingwei,
2009).

This paper reviews the recent studies of
domestic progress about GMDSS, including the
base model, small DSS, network technology,
remote sensing, GIS technology, WebGIS
technology and virtual reality technology in DSS
applications, and highlighted several ongoing
large-scale domestic DSS research, and to
outlook China's future trends in DSS research
for reference of China GMDSS research and
applications.

## 2. Construction of basic model

### 2.1 Crop growth models

Crop growth models can be used in pasture
systems, hence the crop growth model would
greatly facilitate pasture models study. Although
the crop growth simulation research started very
late, some basic researches have been undertaken
in China. Such as, “Rice population computer
simulation model of material production” from
Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology of the
CAS. “Rice growth calendar model (RICAM)”
from Jiangxi Agricultural University; After
1990s, Institute of Agricultural
Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural

Sciences, finished CERES - Maize model
Chinesization. In 1992, Jiangsu Academy of
Agricultural Sciences finished “Rice cultivation
Computer Simulation Optimization Decision
System (RCSODS); Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences finished “ Cotton
Production Management Simulation System”
(Zhang Wei, et al.). Liu Yilian, Chou Ziming
(1994a) established populations of *Leymus chinensis*
meadow Hulunbeier growth and yield
simulation model based on the theory of crop
growth simulation, combined with the growth
characteristics of natural grass. The model
consists of three sub-models: (1) photosynthesis
and respiration; (2) assimilate distribution; (3)
leaf area. The model can simulate aboveground
biomass of *Leymus chinensis* populations with
temporal dynamics by using the measured data
validation of the model, and more objectively
reflect the weather conditions on the grass
growth and yield formation. Liu Yilian, Chou
Ziming (1994b) carried on a certain numerical
experimentation using the kinetic simulator
model of *Leymus chinensis*. They discussed the
influence of the meteorological
factor-temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation
not in the same year to change—to *Leymus chinensis*
population output; The output
calculates the dynamic “actual production”,
Which shows the statistical model simulation
potential and the limitation. Pu erciren, Liu
Naizhuang (1994) took the crops growth analog
theory as a foundation, considered the
multi-populations character of the steppe
community, established the population biomass
time dynamic synthesis influence's whole pattern
for the high and cold Kobresia humilis
meadow, Which can reflect effect of the
meteorological factor and the biotic factor to
biomass production, including random
population physiological process-photosynthesis,
respiration, assimilation products assignment-
quantity simulations and the leaf area index
dynamics, the community structure kinetic
simulator et.al, 6 kinds of subschemata, which can quantify the grassland community ground biomass and the underground biomass seasonal variation, and that is a good attempt of prairie vegetation photosynthesis output simulator study. Wei Yurong (2004) used the Xilingol typical grassland animal husbandry meteorology data, from the environment factor to the forage and domestic animal influence's angle embarking, from qualitative to the quantitative analysis external environment condition to the grassland animal husbandry production's influence and the revelation lawn animal husbandry production rule, established a set decision-making service system to be possible to used in instructing the animal husbandry production.

## 2.2 Remote sensing model grassland production

A large number of grassland productivity models for livestock balance in China have also been established. Most of these models are fitted with empirical models, which fitted between vegetation indices (such as NDVI, EVI et.al) obtained through remote sensing technology and ground biomass data.

Huang Jingfeng et.al (2000) established a spectrum of natural pasture vegetation index and satellite remote sensing monitoring model, meteorological monitoring model, using spectral observations of natural pasture, forage production data, meteorological data and NOAA /AVHRR data, which can provide a timely and accurate scientific means to grasp the grassland production change. Xiong (2004) estimated global primary productivity (NPP) by using Application of Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (Advanced Earth Observing satellite II, ADEOSII) of the global multi-spectral data. And he also produced a ground-NPP algorithm with temperate plants in Japan. Based on the algorithm, he estimated NPP pattern based on Mongolian Plateau decomposition vegetation

index(VIPD). Liu Aihua, Xing Qi(2003) established a model with vegetation index and ground-based data using MODIS images, and monitored productivity of natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia. They estimated the natural grassland carrying capacity in the warm and cold season for the administrative departments at all levels grassland and livestock production based on macro-management decision-making. Li Bo, Shi Peijun, et.al. (1995) studied the principles and methods of grazing livestock balance dynamic monitoring system in the temperate grassland, designed the dynamic monitoring database, technology systems and remote sensing production dynamic monitoring model in order to establish wide range of dynamic monitoring system of grassland resources, and provide a basis for the grassland management decisions. Liu Xingyuan et.al (2010) established remote sensing monitoring model between the grass amount of biomass and edible forage in Gannan from 2005 to 2007 using daily MODIS surface reflectance product MOD09GA and fresh weight of aboveground biomass of the measured data and the actual stocking rate. and established a different season grazing pasture livestock balance of theoretical stocking rate models and monitoring model to analyze the productivity of natural grass and stocking density in space-time dynamic balance condition and regulation strategies.

## 2.3 The Model construction and application of mathematical methods in grassland management

System dynamics theory, gray relational grade analysis theory and gray forecast technique have some applications in grassland management.

Shan Baoyan, Xu Jianhua (1995) established the grassland ecological economic system optimal model of sustainable development, including pasture management and
herd optimal control model of management optimization model, with which to explore the improvement of the capacity expansion of the system environment strategy. Yan Wenbin and Wang Xuemeng establish the dynamic model with the accumulated data of his grass-rabbit system. They put forward the optimization of artificial grassland ecosystem control strategy by using the gray system approach (Xu Jianhua, 2006).

## 2.4 Systems dynamics simulation of the grassland management

System dynamics is a discipline about the analysis of information feedback system, and also an integrated cross-discipline which to be used to understand system problems and resolve system problems. It is an integrated natural and social sciences discipline based on systems theory, control theory, information theory. Lv Shengli use system dynamics to simulate grassland ecosystem very early 1990s in China.

Lv Shengli, in Gansu Academy of Sciences, built a set of models in second production in micro and macro aspects of grassland. Lv Shengli (1991) studied "China grassland productivity simulation". He simulated the productivity of grassland for macro-and long-term dynamics by using system dynamics approach, system dynamics modeling and computer simulation tools. And he also made a scientific prediction and verification for the grassland productivity and the development trend of China. Outstanding features of this study compared with similar studies abroad are: 1), According to existing problems of grazing management in China, highlighting the breed of livestocks and livestock structure adjustment; 2), Focus on solving the contradiction between supply and demand cool-season forage, so that Grassland Seasonal Livestock Management theory can reach the stage of dynamic simulation; 3), Suitable for medium and long term macro-policy

research.

Lv Xiaoying, Lv Shengli (2003) established a dynamic model of grassland animal husbandry sustainable development using principles and methods of System Dynamics. This study simulated the livestock husbandry prospects for the future development on the 2000-2020 period in the northern temperate zone and alpine grassland steppe grassland. Dynamic model of sustainable agriculture development takes cold season and warm season forage needs satisfaction rate as bonds, which make primary pasture production and secondary livestock production process an organic whole coupled with the dynamic and complex feedback structure. With this model we can achieve analysis and comparison of a variety of sustainable agriculture development simulation programs, from which to reveal the barriers in the development process, seek strategies to improve the status of a favorable way, show various scenarios of possible development trends, provide a basis for policy-makers.

Aim at Gannan grassland animal husbandry practical situation, one of the major pastoral areas in Gansu Province, Duan Shunshan, Lv Shengli et al. (1995) analyzed the Gannan grassland animal husbandry development of power and constraints; predicted 30 years of pastoral animal husbandry in Gannan (1990-2020) the dynamic process of development and change; established long-term development of grassland animal husbandry in Gannan dynamic model by using system dynamics simulation technology, system dynamics flow diagram and spreadsheet functions.

# 3. Construction of GMDSS

## 3.1Grass-livestock Digital Management DSS in Pastoral area
Lanzhou University preside over “the pastoral
area grass livestock digitization to manage DSS”
the topic (2007AA10Z232) from the People's
Republic of China Department of Technical
Science, Which was authorized in 2007.It is a
special topic--modern agriculture area of
technology digit agricultural technology-in the
project the national high-tech research
development plan (863 plans).This beginning
and end age limit of the topic is August, 2007 to
October, 2010, Beijing Raising livestock
Research institute of Chinese Agriculture
Academy of science is the cooperation unit. This
topic sets an experiment area of the Gannan
pastoral area, through the investigation and the
monitoring to the grassland and the livestock
husbandry, with the help of network technonology,
3S technology, system model and optimized
decision-making, the exploration research based
on MODIS

(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectradiometer)
grassland remote sensing monitoring and the
evaluating indicator system, they established the
grassland information fast gain model, the grass
livestock dynamical equilibrium and the analysis
diagnostic model and the pastoral area grassland
animal husbandry integrated management
decision model.They made a contrastive analysis
for lately 30 year grass livestock spatial variation
condition, optimized grass livestock production
technology flow, constructed GMDSS based on
the network technology. This project already
applied for the pastoral area grass-livestock
digitizatal management DSS1.0 software
copyright (the registration number:
2009SR043117, copyright owner (nationality):
Lanzhou University: China. For the first time
publication date: 2009-04-20, registration
authorization date: 2009-09-28). Following
research work is still in advance.

3.2 Integrated application of 3s technology

Yuan Qing et.al.(2006) take the multi-
dimensional scientific data (spatial data, attribute
data) and the expert knowledge as a foundation,
take the modern 3S technology as the support,
establishes the Chinese grassland ecological
environment monitoring and the appraisal
information system. This system based on
Internet, remote sensing technique and WebGIS
and so on, and designed the system structure (to
see Figure.1) to plan and to design the following
content:1)Basic data collection and
reorganization (including science, society,
economy, expert knowledge etc);2) Spatial
analysis and operation strategy and method
study with the support of expert knowledge
library;3) Establishment of various multi-
dimensional mathematical models; 4) Special-
purpose geographic information system's design,
development; 5) Design and development of
computer auxiliary decision-making subsystem.
The completed system has following functions:1)
Present situation accessment of grassland
ecological environment (health, stable,
productive forces, grass livestock balanced and
so on); 2) Grassland ecosystem's change trend
analysis in space and time sequence;3)
Computer auxiliary decisions-making of
ecological rotection, storation, construction
etc. This system not only may provide the theory
basis for the national macroscopic
decision-making, simultaneously provide the
government department and the production unit
with scientific, reliable, timely background data
and the dynamic change data, moreover benefit
the ecological construction and the livestock
husbandry production, the maintenance or
restores the natural pasture in the ecological
equilibrium state and continues forever to be
used, have an important directio value in
modernization, the informationization
enhancing our country grassland scientific style,
management level.

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>Figure1 Grassland ecological environment monitoring &appraisal diagram under 3s technical support</figcaption></figure>

3.3 Expert system of prataculture
ecological construction and
development

Gansu grassland ecology research institute
has developed “the Gansu Province Expert
system of prataculture ecological construction
and development” in October, 2001.This system
take the 3S technology and the internet as the
development foundation, which can carry on
point inquiry dough and polygon inquiry,
including-“in where”, “is what”,”plant
what”,”how to grow”--four questions. While
point inquiry dough and polygon inquiry take
point (approximately 1km²), township or county
as the unit, which is enormous convenient for
users. Main deficiencies of this system are: 1)
The forage compatible research is carried on in
the foundation of the grassland synthesis order
classification retrieval chart,which only involves
the compatibility of forage grass, not solve the
forage planting and the variety compatible

problem; 2) 56 kind of fine forage grass
cultivation compatible chart in the system are in
the investigation foundation, which is connected
to spatial databases's field name , not inference
results(Sun Juan, 2004). Afterward, by Lanzhou
University grass farm science and technology
institute Professor Chen Quangong, Ren Jizhou
and Wang Jiayi (Lanzhou Gaobo computer
information system engineering company senior
engineer ) etc completes WEST special project
of the Science and Technology Department of
China- “Expert system of Chinese prataculture
development and ecological construction”
(2003BA901A20).The compact disc version is
published at January, 2006.The Chinese
prataculture and ecology” website based on
WebGIS also opens afterward . The compact
disc and the website are developed in the
scientific discipline knowledge system of
geoscience, agronomy and prataculture science,
with 3S technology, computer and information
technology. They combinethe spatial databases,
more than 2100 graph images, 2 million words, 2GB system capacity, and which have retrieval, inference,demonstration, printing function; contain 23 spatial databases of the national county level administration regionalization and the national various counties remote sensing images, grassland type, soil type, cultivation forage distribution,domestic animal distribution,agriculture and husbandry resources environment specifically and so on; Contains the Chinese prataculture and ecology,prataculture knowledge library, key area of cultivating forage, the grassland management and the ecological construction, plant disease diagnoses, the prataculture science and technology, the forage growth simulation, the prataculture information, various provinces prataculture and ecology etc 12 groups of 38 main modules. The household user with simple computer operation knowledge is possible to use this software and the website inquires.Both can reply accurately "in where", demonstration space position and correlational dependence and so on; "is anything",

demonstration environment, agricultural resource, native vegetation and so on; "plants anything", demonstrated that suitable cultivation the forage type and recommends the improved seed; "how to plant", demonstration cultivation managerial technique and sickness, insect, rat damage and weed's prevention method; "raises what livestock breed", demonstrated fine livestock and livestock and poultry type and historical evolution; "how to raise", demonstrates the science raising method of various poultry variety. Several hundred agriculture colleges and universities and the Scientific research Unit in China, more than 2300 counties may obtain "Expert system of Chinese prataculture development and the ecological construction" the software compact disc (ISBN 7-89496-798-X) freely, users may also register "the Chinese grass industry and the ecology" the website (www.ecograss.com.cn) glance over (Lanzhou University news net, 2006).

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Figure.2 Framework for the digital prataculture technique platform of China</figcaption></figure>
## 3.4 Chinese digital prataculture theory technology platform

The grassland management and the decision-making are a huge system, which need a great deal of data and technical support. Based on this reason, Institute of Agricultural resources and regional planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural of Sciences (IARRP-CAAS) has constructed the huge digital pratacultural technology theory platform, which build the foundation for the Chinese prataculturae sustainable development. The establishment thinking of the "digital theory and technology platform of Prataculture" is using information technology and its latest research results, and prataculture management theory, and exploring critical technology issues and related to scientific assumptions of the prataculture digital monitoring and management, from which extracts China digital grassland theory and technology infrastructure, they are summed up as three levels: Prataculture data and information, the core theory and technology, application and demonstration (see Figure. 2).

## 4. Small decision support systems

Small DSS is relatively more than big one in the farm management, such as pig farm, cattle farm's small DSS. The small DSS can realize the industrialization and the automatic control, to be quite convenient with the market trail connection, compared with the huge grassland area livestock husbandry. And small DSS is manoeuvring, therefore develop rapidly.

Xiong Benhai (2005) has constructed “the cow fine cultivation technology platform”using RFID, PDA and wireless local network technologies, which realized the comprehensive gathering cow's individual body situation information and through calculate gain cow's date nutrition required quantity using the nutrient forecast model and the cow secretes

curve model, which directs the instruction date grain formula, achieves the cow individual the fine raising goal. Wang Zhonghua (2005) uses digital technique collecting cow milk production quantity, young ingredient, amount of exercise, body situation, body weight change information, as well as cow's foundation date grain picks the appetite, through the overall system automatically controls feed's supplement plan, which realized cow nutrition need, feed design, information acquisition, cow automatic diagnosis, automatic control et al various technological means.

Expert system of the alfalfa planting management and pest control developed by Beijing Intelligence Valley Science and Technology Limited Company can be used to alfalfa planting management and pest control production. (National Copyright Administration registration number: 200210952; Software copyright registration number: 2002SR2425; Patent of invention number: 02121283.X) (Bai Fengshuang, 2003)

Jiang Wenlan has set up a big sustainable production model of forage resources population protection using the biocybernetics method, and take the experiment as an example, she had determined the concrete protection target and the grazing management measures, studied the

unicast artificial pasture optimum control model with herd the countermeasure; constructed the artificial pasture applying fertilizer model and the grazing system nutrient cycle mechanism model, and proposed "Integrated computer fertilizer recommendation expert system for artificial pasture".

## 5. Calibration and application of broad model

Although the overseas software's chinization is not a long-term plan, but is also an important direction. Through taking example by the overseas advanced technology can also promote
the domestic DSS research to a certain extent.

Institute of Agricultural Resources and
regional Planning, Chinese Acedamy of
Agricultural Sciences (IARRP-CAAS)
introduced and improves the Australian
GMDSS-GRAZPLAN for North China
grassland. They used long-term observation data
of the temperate grassland, fitted and adjusted its
first floor model parameter, based on which,
they established a suite of domestic animal
system's system simulation and the dynamic
management system for Chinese temperate
grassland, which could accurately simulate the
ungrazing grassland production and the
community structure dynamics and grassland
production and the community structure under
different stocking rates, defferent utilization
pattern (rotational grazing or forbidden
grazing)in grazing situation. which can provide
references for the family pasture livestock
production, ecology, economically optimized
management and dynamically regulation (Tang
Huajun, Xin Xiaoping, 2009).

6.New technology application in
grassland management

6.1 Application of GIS and WebGIS
technology

The model and the network bond is a current
international agriculture model study important
tendency. Expert system (ES) or DSS combine
with GIS, whicn may cause ES or DSS
decision-making process integrated with the
geography information.Through useging GIS
analysis result, we can enhance ES and DSS
decision-making level.At the same time,
decision-making result issuing through GIS may
strengthen intuitive, and builds the foundation
for the further localization implementation
(Chen Liping, Zhao Chunjiang ,2002). Sun Juan
(2004) established forage adaptation and
returning cropland back to grassland DSS based
on GIS,which acilitated Gansu Province forage

seed selection for Gansu returning cropland back
to grassland, that is offering decision support and
basis for forage adaptation problem.

6.2 Virtual reality technology

The virtual reality technology is a
technology of reflecting the biological growth
process with graphs and dynamic images.
Realizing the virtual reality in GMDSS will
perform forage growing and animal development
process clearly with the virtual plant and virtual
animal, and visually manifest the influence of
various factors to the forage growing and the
animal development. But there is still no advance
in virtual grassland in China.

Liu Shengping, Zhu Yeping (2008) have
established the wheat analog modeling based on
the agent technology. The agent technology
involves system science, artificial intelligence,
software engineering and pattern layout
knowledge, and it may provide the available
agent of soil, weather, irrigation, applying
fertilizers, nitrogen equilibrium and water
balance of the crops growth model. These agent
also provide the sharing codes for
re-development of the other crops models.

6.3 PDA

PDA is a Personal Digital Assistant, a Pocket
PC. PDA Is as the name suggests that is auxiliary
individual work as a digital tool, facilitates
carrying, convenient for open country using. At
present, domestic and foreign data acquisition
software based on the PDA already carry on the
practical application in forestry, crops applying
fertilizer, cadastration, medical service and many
other domains(Wu Shouzhong, 2007), but PDA
are quite few in related research of the grassland
managerial data gathering aspect. Wu
Shouzhong(2007) developed the PDA
grassaland rat damage data acquisition system
with C# as the development kit and with
technical metasyntheses of PDA, GPS, XML. He
also developed application tool softwares
including the spatial collection law, the settled
spot collection law, the settled area collection
and the metal pliers date gathering law, which
realized the grassland mouse data acquisition
semiautomatically, and changed the tradition
field datacollection way, and raised the working
efficiency (See Figure.3)

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Figure.3 Data collection system for monitoring rodent pest on the grassland based on PDA(Wu et al,2007)</figcaption></figure>

7.Prospects of grassland decision
-making system in China

Study of GMDSS has made some achievements,
such as grassland productivity model and
grassland system simulation, but there is still no
practical GMDSS in China.

In future research, we should firstly combine the
existing resources, including the remote sensing
monitoring data, the ground datum and the
meteorological data etc,and full use of IT
technology (for example,WebGIS
technology).We should complete the forage
adaption assessment and the ecology regional
planning to direct macroscopic region forage
production. Secondly, we must research and
develop GMDSS of our own proprietary
intellectual property rights and suit the Chinese
grassland production management profitting

from domestic and foreign research
foundation;and strengthen mechanism model
research.Moreover enhancing overseas
cooperation with the developed countries, or
adjusting overseas mature model is a convenient
way.For example,the introduction of Australian
GRAZPLAN system by IARRP-CAAS.
Simultaneously we should realize combination
between the remote sensing monitor data and
DSS, and realize timeliness and effectiveness of
GMDSS. China has approximately 4×10⁸ hm²
grassland, the area is no 2 in the world, we
should develop our own GMDSS adapt to China
grassland geography, climate and special grazing
tactics, which is requested from the extensive
economy to the intensive economy trend of
development. We must realize the grazing
management mathematically quantification and
controllable; we must develop comprehensive
GMDSS, as well as small grazing management
decision-making calculator. Along with
developement of computer network technology,
small calculators may provide the online use. In
brief, our country's grazing management is still
the family pasture-like extensive management,
There is still a very big disparity compared with
the developed country. Our grazing management
DSS research also just begin.Because the DSS
research is time and expends-consuming work,
usually,we need model research foundation,
simultaneously need the massive data foundation
and computer application ability, and the
multi-disciplinary cooperation. We hope in the
near future, we might realize dynamic grassland
process management based on the knowledge
library, the model base and the remote sensing
database, and realize the virtual reality--the
grassland management process and the effect
present by the visual picture form in front of us.

**Acknowledgment.** Research was supported
by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-
Industry Technology Research System , key
scientific and technological project of Inner
Mongolia(20091403), meteorology assessment
technology of grassland ecology health from meteorology industry science and technology (GYHY200906029-2) and grassland carring capacity and livestock deploy in north China meadow grassland from industry science and technology of China Ministry of Agriculture (200903060).

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