# Advancements in Edge Computing and Service Orchestration in Support of Advanced Surveillance Services

Panagiotis Toumasis, Dimitris Apostolopoulos, Hercules Avramopoulos, Lukasz Lopacinski, Jesus Gutiérrez Teran, Anastasios Nanos, Yigal Leiba, Markos Anastasopoulos, Anna Tzanakaki, Ioanna Mesogiti, et al.

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Panagiotis Toumasis, Dimitris Apostolopoulos, Hercules Avramopoulos, Lukasz Lopacinski, Jesus Gutiérrez Teran, et al. Advancements in Edge Computing and Service Orchestration in Support of Advanced Surveillance Services. 18th IFIP International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI), Jun 2022, Hersonissos, Greece. pp.53-60, 10.1007/978-3-031-08341-9_5. hal-05335641

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# Advancements in Edge Computing and Service Orchestration in Support of Advanced Surveillance Services

Ioanna Mesogiti<fnref n="1" />(✉), Eleni Theodoropoulou<fnref n="1" />, Fotini Setaki<fnref n="1" />, George Lyberopoulos<fnref n="1" />, Francesca Moscateli<fnref n="2" />, Konstantina Kanta<fnref n="3" />, Giannis Giannoulis<fnref n="3" />, Panagiotis Toumasis<fnref n="3" />, Dimitris Apostolopoulos<fnref n="3" />, Hercules Avramopoulos<fnref n="3" />, Lukasz Lopacinski<fnref n="4" />, Jesús Gutiérrez Teran<fnref n="4" />, Anastasios Nanos<fnref n="5" />, Yigal Leiba<fnref n="6" />, Markos Anastasopoulos<fnref n="7" />, and Anna Tzanakaki<fnref n="7" />

**Abstract.** The 5G and beyond advancements will impact significantly the evolution of many vertical industries such as the Surveillance and Safety sector. To this end, the requirements posed by its associated services can be satisfied to a certain degree by 5G network slicing and by control and user plane separation -allowing for exploitation of edge computing-, while aspects related to network deployment resilience and end-to-end service orchestration of infrastructure, network and applications across edge and cloud domains are still under investigation. The 5G-COMPLETE project focuses on delivering Beyond 5G technology innovations in the edge and orchestration domains (among others), that can support highly demanding vertical services/applications and relevant use cases such as Advanced Surveillance; along with holistic 5G deployment paradigms and experimentation deployments for testing and evaluation. This paper discusses the service and technical requirements and provides an overview of the proposed technologies and deployment solutions.

**Keywords:** 5G · Advanced Surveillance Services · Edge computing · Vertical services · Network orchestration

## 1 Introduction

5G and beyond networks aim to transform traditional network service provisioning into the provision of a holistic infrastructure and network services tailored to individual service and user requirements. To this end, these networks enable the deployment of various

<footnote n="1">¹ COSMOTE Mobile Telecommunications S.A., Athens, Greece
`imesogiti@cosmote.gr`</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² Nextworks S.R.L., Pisa, Italy</footnote>

<footnote n="3">³ National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece</footnote>

<footnote n="4">⁴ IHP - Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt, Germany</footnote>

<footnote n="5">⁵ Nubificus Ltd., Athens, Greece</footnote>

<footnote n="6">⁶ SIKLU Communication LTD., Petach Tikwa, Israel</footnote>

<footnote n="7">⁷ National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece</footnote>
services for key vertical industries (smart cities, industry 4.0, automotive, multimedia, etc.) that traditionally relied on closed, private infrastructures. This paradigm shift relies on the capability for distributed network deployments across cloud and edge domains.

During the last years, Surveillance Services have gradually evolved from human-
based camera feeds monitoring to Advanced Surveillance (AS) applications [2]; then
from AS applications based on local processing to applications deployable on cloud
infrastructures [3–5]; and lately to distributed applications deployable across cloud and
edge infrastructures [6, 7]. Other enhancements have focused on utilizing advanced
(local) compute frameworks for the deployment of the processing-power-demanding
(parts of) surveillance applications [8]. Overall, Surveillance Services are increasingly
being featured with intelligence, following Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) breakthroughs especially in the fields of cloud and edge computing and service
deployment [9].

However, network service requirements of these applications entail the use of net-
work frameworks beyond traditional centralized networks and the centralized cloud
infrastructures. Delivering these services over 5G network slices spanning across edge
and cloud domains can be considered the next step in this sector. At the same time,
from 5G network perspective 5G advanced aspects such as automation and adoption of
IT advancements can further elevate surveillance services provisioning (such as those
described in [13]). In this landscape, the 5G-PPP 5G-COMPLETE project [1] focuses on
delivering an implementation paradigm for AS service provisioning. This paper aims at
providing an overview of this paradigm to be demonstrated at a field testbed in Athens,
Greece.

This paper is organized as follows: initially, the service and network deployment
requirements and options of AS services are discussed. An overview of the 5G-
COMPLETE deployment paradigm -covering these requirements- and technologies is
presented in the subsequent section. Following these, aspects related to the operational
adoption of such solutions are discussed, while conclusions are drawn at the end.

2 Advanced Surveillance/Physical Security Services’ Requirements

Provisioning of AS to various Service Customer segments (a.k.a. vertical industries) may include functionalities such as object detection/classification, object tracking, smart alerting, etc. Such services are especially relevant for vertical industries operating distributed, possibly unattended sites such as network sites, energy utilities sites etc., as well as for Industry 4.0 monitoring operations, for smart cities and state services providing public safety services, etc.

To render a solution attractive to the stakeholders, a long list of requirements shall
be met. Such requirements refer to [11]:

* Usability including ease of installation/operation,

* Fast service deployment including

* Scalability

* Interoperability with various camera vendor models (e.g., wired and wireless, bullet and PTZ (Pan Tilt Zoom), indoor and outdoor cameras supported),
* Application functionalities including: 24 h × 7 days monitoring, visualization of in various ways of versatile information (e.g. sites' info over maps, snapshots/videos per site and per camera, statistics, playback, live streaming, camera configuration), automated storage in secure backend infrastructure, smart alerting, including enhanced notifications voice announcements, etc.

* Cost referring to low-cost deployment and operation; i.e. reuse of existing cameras, without additional hardware at site and associated support costs, reduced need for human resources for monitoring purposes, etc.,

On the other hand, specific functionalities/features pose highly demanding performance requirements. Such functionalities are:

* Object detection, classification and smart tracking; the list of objects (e.g., vehicles, humans) to be detected/tracked must be customized by the end-user and can be quite large.

* Synchronization of multiple cameras' and devices, considering cases in which a camera's movement needs to be triggered not only by information generated from its own feeds' processing (motion or object detection events), but also by external sources e.g., by a signal sent by an activity detector, another camera etc.

Such application functionalities require high availability, low latency for the actuation part of the service, and adequate user data rates for the relevant camera streams. Deploying such services at scale can pose highly demanding Key Performance Indicator (KPI) targets for the network deployment.

Currently, commercial surveillance/physical security solutions are mainly based on closed platforms (to support live streaming, video/snapshots storage, line/area crossing, remote configuration, cloud storage, etc.), followed by limitations for instance in terms of local processing (camera or site-level), flexibility in service provisioning, scalability in terms of number of cameras, maintenance and support overhead. From a network perspective, solutions rely on local private networks and utilization of own storage/ cloud infrastructure. Latter deployments incur high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) related to the purchase cost of the equipment and the operational cost of the network and compute infrastructure. 5G technologies incorporating network slicing and edge capabilities may address well such use cases.

# 3 5G-COMPLETE Technologies and Proposed Deployment

## 3.1 5G-COMPLETE Overview

5G-COMPLETE builds upon a well-defined layered architecture integrating novel networking and compute blocks, forming a common heterogeneous infrastructure where service-driven slice management can facilitate realistic deployment options [10, 14]. In particular, 5G-COMPLETE focuses on delivering novel physical and software technological blocks at network and compute domains for the on-demand deployment of services [11], exploiting:
* Beyond 5G wireless transport technologies, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN)-enabled millimeter Wave (mmWave) nodes for resilient point-to multipoint (P2MP) edge networking, and wideband sub-THz (sub-Tera Hertz) nodes featuring multi-core parallel processing baseband architectures.

* Various 3GPP network layer deployment options including centralized public 5G networks, distributed 5G networks and NPNs (non-Public-Networks), Disaggregated Radio Access Node (RAN) structures etc.

These are complemented with a compute domain based on powerful Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) platforms addressing the need for multiple virtualization frameworks (VMs, containers and unikernels) on a single edge resource pool, security and advanced processing capabilities at the edge. The Edge and Cloud domains will be reachable through 5G network connectivity offering 3GPP-compliant performance guarantees. For services such as ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) or critical Machine-Type Communication (mMTC), with very low latency and high reliability requirements, deployment may span across these domains.

On top of these, 5G-COMPLETE solution includes a multi-layer, cross-domain network management and orchestration (MANO) layer that can functionally deploy the innovations of its technological blocks and perform their life-cycle-management (LCM), enabling the service-driven slice management in realistic deployment options [12]. 5G-COMPLETE multi-layer MANO layer is also designed with the aim of supporting the dynamic provisioning, configuration, and automation of virtualized vertical services for the service customers in tailored end-to-end 5G Network Slices, and is based on ETSI MANO OSM (Open Source MANO [15]).

## 3.2 5G-COMPLETE Deployment for Advanced Surveillance Services

Based on this set of technologies, 5G-COMPLETE aims to deliver a paradigm for the support of AS services and their lifecycle management [11]. The 5G-COMPLETE deployment is presented in Fig. 1. The proposed solution will include a multi-domain deployment consisting of distinct Edge and Cloud compute domains providing:

* Advanced infrastructure security at Edge Cloud deployment (e.g. trusted boot and secure execution for Workloads) [10] addressing the user requirement for high security.

* Diversification in terms of resources selection and capabilities, by exposing Hardware Acceleration (HA) functions for the AS service workloads that need low processing delay and low end-to-end network latency.

For the cases of (remote or urban) sites lacking fiber deployment, wireless transport network technologies are considered for the transport network domain. Considering also the service/business requirements for maximizing performance, availability and resilience these will be addressed by the following 5G-COMPLETE technologies:

* High capacity, self-organizing, resilient mmWave mesh architectures, based on Software Defined Networking (SDN)-enabled mmWave nodes.
* High capacity, SDN-enabled THz nodes.

These domains are orchestrated by an Orchestration framework that is capable of:

* Collecting and processing the network topology as well as the capabilities and characteristics of the multiple compute domains.

* (Co-)Provisioning the mmWave transport network resources on-demand, with specific QoS characteristics reflecting the slice requirements and taking into consideration the actual placement of service components (SCs) that have to be interconnected.

* (Co-)Provisioning connectivity over the THz link.

* Performing service lifecycle management across the multiple application and network service provisioning layers.

In addition, it shall be possible from the 5G-COMPLETE orchestration layer to interoperate with the 5G core (5GC) in order to define and provision the 5G network slice characteristics.

In the context of 5G-COMPLETE, an AS application [16] will be used to offer advanced functionalities on top of commodity Pan-Tilt-Zoom cameras and sensors. The application comprises various surveillance-related functionalities including:

* Functionalities such as Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Smart Tracking requiring low end-to-end latency (including low network latency and fast processing) for real-time video processing and camera motion/zoom control so that it continuously monitors the target object, as well as high availability;

* Functionalities such as non-Real Time Processing (e.g. storage of captures, offline object detection/ classification, visualization, statistics generation, etc.), which might have high storage and processing requirements but lower latency requirements.

The application will be packaged in two chainable Service Components (SCs). One SC (SC1) is the Fast Video Processing component, comprising the performance-critical functionalities, and a second (SC2) is the non-Real Time Processing component, comprising functionalities with lower performance requirements.

The 5G-COMPLETE deployment will enable:

a. Vertical Service On-boarding: The vertical service will be on-boarded using the vertical service blueprint that describes the service (i.e. the service components, their attributes and high-level requirements).

b. Application Placement based on a Placement Service that will compute the optimized network paths for providing the necessary connectivity along with an optimal placement of the service components at the available compute resources (Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI) Layer); matching the service requirements with the resources and capabilities. The suitable hardware resources and virtualized framework will be selected.

c. Transport Network (TN) Slice management (given a 5G network deployment): The Placement Service will also take care of the actual provisioning of the TN resources of the mmWave and the THz links.
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 1. 5G-COMPLETE, experimentation deployment for surveillance services.</figcaption></figure>

## 4 Conclusions

Following the evolution in the field of surveillance services over the latest years in terms of application functionalities as well as in terms of deployment options on compute infrastructures this paper has focused on the exploitation of 5G and beyond deployments for the support of Advanced Surveillance services. To this end, the deployment paradigm of 5G-COMPLETE project tailored to AS services has been presented.

The 5G-COMPLETE solution is based on a resilient, self-optimized transport network layer complementing an existing 5G network deployment in areas lacking fiber
deployment, and entails the incorporation of edge and cloud computing for the deploy-
ment of AS services components. Edge computing serves for placing the necessary
application functionalities that are latency critical and processing intensive (e.g. AI-
based functions), while the cloud resources can be used for storage demanding applica-
tion functionalities/ components. The solution allows for service lifecycle management
based on an application and network orchestration framework. Future work will focus
on evaluating the capabilities of the 5G-COMPLETE solution in a real setup.

**Acknowledgements.** The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Framework Programme Horizon 2020 under grant agreements (1) No. 871900 and project name 5G-COMPLETE - "A unified network, Computational and storage resource Management framework targeting end-to-end Performance optimization for secure 5G muLti-Echnology and multi-Tenancy Environments".

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