# Maize architectural adaptation in intraspecific competition

Serouart Mario, Raul Lopez Lozano, Gaetan Daubige, Benoit de Solan,
Frédéric Baret

► To cite this version:

Serouart Mario, Raul Lopez Lozano, Gaetan Daubige, Benoit de Solan, Frédéric Baret. Maize ar-chitectural adaptation in intraspecific competition. CAPTE workshop, May 2022, Avignon, France. hal-03731880

HAL Id: hal-03731880

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03731880

Submitted on 21 Jul 2022

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
# MAIZE ARCHITECTURAL ADAPTATION IN INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION

12th May 2022

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SEROUART Mario
$$V_P = V_G + V_E + V_{GxE}$$

* V<sub>P</sub> : Total phenotypic variance of a trait

* V<sub>G</sub> : Proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetic variance

* V<sub>E</sub> : Proportion of phenotypic variance explained by environmental variance

* V<sub>GxE</sub> : Genotype by environment interaction (plasticity depending on genotype)

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[ plasticity ]

« The ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to different environments. »

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Wies G, Mantese Al, Casal JJ, Maddani GA
Phytochrome B enhances plant growth, biomass and
grain yield in field-grown maize. Ann Bot.
2019;123(6):1079-1088. doi:10.1093/aob/mcz015
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Rizzo C, Manzon JP, Tenorio FA, et al. Climate and agronomy, nd. genetics, underpin recent maize yield gains in favorable environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022. Jan 19(1). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113629119
PMID: 35042796; PMCID: PMC8795586

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Environments

V<sub>G</sub>, V<sub>E</sub>, V<sub>GxE</sub>

Chevin LM, Lande R, Mace OM. Adaptation, plasticity, and extinction in a changing environment: towards a predictive theory. PLoS Biol. 2010;8:e1000357. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000357. PMID: 20463950; PMCID: PMC2864792
SOTA

Average Leaf Angle

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Shouyang Liu, Frédéric Baret, Mariem Abichou, Loïc Manceau, Bruno Andrieu, et al. Importance of the description of light interception in crop growth models. Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists, 2021, 186 (2), pp.977-997. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaab139. DOI: 10.1199/2020.01192023

Azimuth Angle

R. Lopez-Lozano, Frédéric Baret, Michaël Chelle, N. Rochdi, M. España Sensitivity of gap fraction to maize architectural characteristics based on 4D model Simulations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. Elsevier Masson, 2007, 143 (3-4), pp.217-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.005. (DOI: 10.1199/2006.01192023)

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<figure><img src="image_11.png" /><figcaption>Density</figcaption></figure>

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<figure><img src="image_13.png" /><figcaption>Interrow
distance</figcaption></figure>

Gap Fraction
SOTA

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Etienne David. The challenge of robust trait estimates with Deep Learning on high resolution RGB images. Agronomy. Avignon Université, 2021. English. (tel: 03431192)

Atlin, Gary N.; Cairns, Jill E.; Das, Biswanath (2017). Rapid breeding and varietal replacement are critical to adaptation of cropping systems in the developing world to climate change. Global Food Security, 12(), 31-37. doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.008

<table><thead><tr><td>Crop</td><td>Country</td><td>Average age of variety (years)</td><td>Weighting basis</td><td>Year of estimate</td><td>Source</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Hybrid maize</td><td>US</td><td>3</td><td>Area</td><td>2016</td><td>Brooks (2009)</td></tr><tr><td>Hybrid maize</td><td>Kenya</td><td>17</td><td>Area</td><td>2010</td><td>Smeale and Olasande (2014)</td></tr><tr><td>Rainfed rice</td><td>India</td><td>28</td><td>Area</td><td>2014</td><td>IRRI, unpublished data</td></tr><tr><td>Wheat</td><td>India</td><td>13</td><td>Seed production</td><td>2008</td><td>Krishnan et al. (2014)</td></tr></tbody></table>

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International
Webinar on:

Increasing maize
varietal turnover in
sub-Saharan Africa
# AVIGNON EXPERIMENT

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## RECTANGULARITY

Density 6 pl.m⁻²

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Density 12 pl.m⁻²

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<figure><img src="image_19.png" /><figcaption>WASSERSTEIN DISTANCE</figcaption></figure>

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## Relative Distances Plasticity Index

Ranking species according to their plasticity

$$RDPI = \sum \frac{|X_{ij} - X_{i'j}|}{(X_{ij} + X_{i'j})} \times \frac{1}{n}$$

Where

* i referred to a given level of the environment treatment

* j another given environment different from i.

* j referred to a given genotype.

* Xij is the phenotypic value.

* n is defined as the number of pairwise environments.

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Valladares F, Sanchez Gomez D, Zavala M a. (2006) Quantitative estimation of phenotypic plasticity. Bridging the gap between the evolutionary concept and its ecological applications. J Evol Ecol 36:103-1116. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01176.x

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VERTICALITY

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GEODESIC

EUCLIDEAN
LIGHT INTERCEPTION

<figure><img src="image_30.png" /><figcaption>A</figcaption></figure>

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Raphael Perez, Christian Fournier, Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet, Simon Artzel, Christophe Pradal, et al. Changes in the vertical distribution of leaf area enhanced light interception efficiency in maize over generations of selection. Plant Cell and Environment, Wiley, 2019, 42 (7), pp.2105-2119. ffl0111/pce.135399. fflhal-02228393f

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Truong, Sandra & McCormick, Ryan & Rooney, William & Mullet, John. (2016). Harnessing Genetic Variation in Leaf Angle to Increase Productivity of Sorghum bicolor. Genetics. 201. 0.1534/genetics.1178608.

<figure><img src="image_33.png" /><figcaption>Virtual canopy</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_34.png" /><figcaption>Virtual canopy</figcaption></figure>

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Liu F, Song Q, Zhao J, Mao L, Bu H, Hu Y, Zhu XC. Canopy occupation volume as an indicator of canopy photosynthetic capacity. New Phytol 202. Oct 232(2):941-956. doi: 10.1111/nph.17601. Epub 2021 Aug 3. PMID: 34245568.

Functional trait space

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* HAUTEUR stands for Height

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<figure><img src="image_41.png" /><figcaption>Plot level segmentation in field</figcaption></figure>

<caption>Plant level segmentation</caption>

<caption>Traits extraction</caption>