MIDDLE BRONZE AGE FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE PILE - DWELLING
SETTLEMENT OF LAVAGNONE (DESENZANO DEL GARDA, Brescia, ITALY)

by A. Amato, M. Rapi et U. Tecchiati

The site of Lavagnone is about 10 km south of Desenzano, near the Garda lake (Brescia, Italy); it occupies a marshy area, which corresponds to a former lake bed formed during one of the most recent Quaternary glaciations as an intermorainic basin. The basin – today turned into a peat bog – has been settled for the whole Bronze Age. Thanks to a well-preserved stratigraphic deposit, Lavagnone represents a reference site for the absolute and relative chronology of the Bronze Age in Northern Italy and for the cultural definition of the “Palafitte e Terramare” civilization.

Excavations, carried out since the 1970s (De Marinis 2000), investigate five areas situated next to each other over a length of about 170 metres: Sectors A, B, C, E and D, which are located in order to enable the examination of the stratigraphic sequences starting from the northeastern edge and extending to almost the middle of the basin.

Several settlement phases have been identified, from the beginning of the EBA, to which relates the earlier pile dwellings, to the latest MBA. The EBA is subdivided into EBA I (EBA IA; IB, IC) and EBA II; dendro-chronological data available for EBA IA and IB contexts links these phases to the xxith and xxth centuries BC. Regarding the MBA, the latest findings show the presence of the initial and full phases also of advanced stages (MBA 1, 2A, 2B, 3).

We present the results of a study focused on the animal bones assemblages from the MBA levels.

The faunal assemblage analyzed is composed of 6851 fragments (Schmid 1972) (fig 1).

Of these, 3395 were identified, namely 49.6% of the entire assemblage, while 3456 (50.4%) were classified as unidentifiable (fig. 2). The macroscopic analysis shows that 1.2% of the bones exhibit cut marks, traces of burning (1%) and gnawing marks left by rodents and carnivores (2%). The faunal remains present the so called “tobacco” color, typical of remains from pile-dwelling sites. In some cases traces of human modifications were noticed on the bones, probably carried out in order to obtain bone tools. The identified specimens are mainly from domestic animals (94%) such as cattle, pig, sheep, goat, horse and dog. Only 6% of the remains belong to wild mammals. The most represented domestic species are sheep and goat (fig. 3) with 1327 fragments (39.1%).

As it was possible to distinguish between sheep (246 specimens) and goat (34 specimens) (Kratochvil 1969), it can be said that these animals were present at the site with a ratio of 7:1. An MNI of 45 individuals has been calculated for the caprines. The kill offpattern for these species is based on the observation of the tooth wear stages as well as the degree of the epiphyseal fusion. The results from the study of the tooth wear stages reveal that 66.7% of the animals killed were adults, with juvenile representing the remaining 33.3%. This data shows a specific economic choice in which preference was given to meat, but also to secondary products. The epiphyseal fusion data shows that the animals were killed when about 30-40 months old (Barone 1980), but all other age groups are represented as well. The withers height for goats, based on Radius and Metacarpal bones, is between 60 and 62.6 cm (Schramm 1967). For sheep, the value, calculated on Radius, Tibia, Metapodials and Calcaneus is around 55.6 cm (Teichert 1975).
<table><caption>Fig 1. Fauna's composition.</caption><thead><tr><th></th><th>Bos taurus</th><th>Ovis vel Capra</th><th>Capra hircus</th><th>Ovis anis</th><th>Sus domesticus</th><th>Canis familiaris</th><th>Equus caballus</th><th>Cervus elaphus</th><th>Sus scrofa</th><th>Sus sp</th><th>Lepus sp</th><th>Canis lupus</th><th>Capreolus capreolus</th><th>Felis silvestris</th><th>Buffo bufo</th><th>Micro mammalia</th><th>Emys orbicularis</th><th>Aves indet.</th><th>Pisces indet.</th><th>Unidentifiable</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Processus cornualis</td><td>13</td><td>1</td><td>8</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Cranium</td><td>34</td><td>26</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>109</td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>358</td></tr><tr><td>Maxilla</td><td>9</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td><td>52</td><td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Dentes</td><td>96</td><td>200</td><td></td><td></td><td>124</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Mandibula</td><td>47</td><td>75</td><td></td><td>48</td><td>100</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>78</td></tr><tr><td>Os Hyoide</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Costae</td><td></td><td>106</td><td></td><td></td><td>52</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>603</td></tr><tr><td>Vertebrae</td><td>22</td><td>34</td><td></td><td>7</td><td>95</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>371</td></tr><tr><td>Scapulae</td><td>22</td><td>35</td><td></td><td>19</td><td>63</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td>Humerus</td><td>24</td><td>39</td><td>1</td><td>24</td><td>77</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>42</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Radius</td><td>43</td><td>122</td><td>3</td><td>18</td><td>45</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>Ulna</td><td>16</td><td>18</td><td>2</td><td>11</td><td>41</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Carpalia</td><td>30</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Metacarpus</td><td>40</td><td>47</td><td>4</td><td>21</td><td>29</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Pelvis</td><td>20</td><td>46</td><td></td><td></td><td>60</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ileo</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Femur</td><td>28</td><td>47</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>68</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>44</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Patella</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tibia</td><td>38</td><td>110</td><td></td><td>28</td><td>64</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>7</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Fibula</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Talus</td><td>32</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>26</td><td>20</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Calcaneus</td><td>11</td><td>13</td><td></td><td>4</td><td>21</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Tarsalia</td><td>14</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metatarsus</td><td>43</td><td>60</td><td></td><td>6</td><td>26</td><td>4</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Metapodia</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td>12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>Tarsometatarsus</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phalanx 1</td><td>46</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>13</td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Phalanx 2</td><td>33</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phalanx 3</td><td>24</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phalanges indet.</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Varia</td><td></td><td>34</td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>765</td></tr><tr><td>Carapace</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>33</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plastron</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Unidentifiable (Un)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>929</td></tr><tr><td>NISP</td><td>694</td><td>1047</td><td>34</td><td>246</td><td>1109</td><td>48</td><td>13</td><td>114</td><td>13</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>13</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>47</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>3456</td></tr><tr><td>Tot NISP (6851)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>%</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>50,4</td></tr><tr><td>% NISP</td><td>20,44</td><td>30,84</td><td>1</td><td>7,25</td><td>32,67</td><td>1,41</td><td>0,38</td><td>3,36</td><td>0,38</td><td>0,03</td><td>0,03</td><td>0,38</td><td>0,03</td><td>0,12</td><td>0,06</td><td>1,38</td><td>0,15</td><td>0,06</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tot Capra+Ovis</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1327 (39,1%)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Grams (77258,84)</td><td>26874,78</td><td>5271,48</td><td>334,24</td><td>3228,37</td><td>13864,09</td><td>414,38</td><td>871,46</td><td>6293,8</td><td>417,14</td><td>33,87</td><td>3.5</td><td>40,13</td><td>245,25</td><td>5,46</td><td>2,31</td><td>0,91</td><td>98,46</td><td>3,32</td><td>1,27</td></tr><tr><td>Tot Grams Capra+Ovis</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>8,834</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>% Grams</td><td>46,3</td><td>9,1</td><td>0,6</td><td>5,6</td><td>23,9</td><td>0,7</td><td>1,5</td><td>10,8</td><td>0,7</td><td>0,1</td><td>0,006</td><td>0,07</td><td>0,42</td><td>0,01</td><td>0,004</td><td>0,002</td><td>0,17</td><td>0,006</td><td>0,002</td></tr><tr><td>% Grams Capra+Ovis</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>15,2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>% Grams Un</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MNI</td><td>24</td><td></td><td>45</td><td></td><td>35</td><td>6</td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>24,92</td></tr></tbody></table>
<figure><img src="image_1.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 2. The faunal assemblage analyzed is composed of 3395 were identified, namely 49.6% of the entire assemblage, while 3456 (50.4%) were classified as unidentifiable</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_2.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 3. The most represented domestic species.</figcaption></figure>

The pig is the second most represented domestic animal at the site of Lavagnone with 1109 specimens, a percentage of 32.7%. By looking at the teeth, 35 individuals have been identified, of those, 13 were adult animals and 22 juveniles. These latter were mostly represented by M3 with a wear stage of 0, or by mandibles on which the third molar was not present. This means that the animals were killed shortly before becoming adults. In fact, there are no infant individuals (with Pd4 erupted but not at all or slightly worn) attesting that pigs were killed when approaching the adulthood. The epiphyseal fusion shows peaks at 2,5 - 3 years (Barone 1980), namely when the animals were adult and reached their maximum meat yield. The study of the canines revealed that adult males predominate. The wither height calculated for pigs is 74.9 cm (Teichert 1969), data which is comparable to that from other sites of the same period.

The other most represented domestic animal is cattle, with 694 fragments, and a percentage of 20.4% of the identified specimens. The study reveals the presence of at least 25 individuals. The analysis of the dental wear stages shows the presence of 10 adults and 7 juveniles. The economic importance of cattle for the production of secondary products and as a tool for agricultural labour is testified to by the age of the animals. The data from the study of the epiphyseal fusion, in tandem with the data from the study of tooth wear, shows a tendency to slaughter adult and older animals. The study of the sex ratio shows the prevalence of female specimens (metapodium). For cattle a wither height of 108.6 cm (Matolcsi 1970) has been determined.

The MNI for dogs is 6. These were all adult individuals, aged by looking at the teeth. The study of the degree of epiphyseal fusion reveals just one young individual of 6-7 months old. It can be said that at Lavagnone dogs of different sizes were present, attested by the discovery of different types of lower jaw. Overall, the dog present in Northern Italy during the Bronze Age was an animal of small size.
<figure><img src="image_3.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 4. Horse's tibia.</figcaption></figure>

The horse is represented by 13 specimens with at least 2 individuals. One of them was over 42 months old (Barone 1980), data suggested by the presence of a Tibia with a fused proximal epiphysis. At Lavagnone, horse fragments seem to increase from EBA II to MBA (fig 4).

Wild animals are represented with 204 fragments and a percentage of 2.9% of the identified specimens. Among the wild animals red deer (114 fragments), wild boar (13 fragments), roe deer (13 fragments), wolf (1 fragment) and wildcat (1 fragment) have been identified. Other animals such as hare, turtle, toad, bird and fish (with 3 specimens), are poorly represented. This low percentage could be explained as a result of the economy adopted at the site, an economy based heavily on farming and not on hunting.

In addition to the analysis of the faunal assemblage, a diachronic study was carried out. It must be said that the results shown here are only preliminary. In fact, this kind of analysis will be re-run when advanced chronological data is available. Despite these limits, the results show interesting patterns. The chronological phases considered are the following: MBA I; MBA IIA; MBA IIB.
Cattle were more utilized during MBA I and their presence decreases during MBA IIB; sheep, goat and pig show a different pattern: they seem to be more exploited during the latest phases of MBA.

By looking at this data, it is possible to state that pigs were mainly used for their meat while sheep and goats were used for secondary products such as wool and milk. Concerning cattle, data from the analysis of the degree of epiphyseal fusion suggests that a greater use of older individuals was made during MBA IIB in comparison to MBA I (fig 5).

This evidence attests the extent to which these animals were used as a source of agricultural labour, milk and less for their meat. It is also possible to observe that the percentage of wild species decreases from MBA I to MBA IIB.

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /><figcaption>Fig. 5. Species distribution. Percentages based on fragment counts (NISP= Number of identified specimens).</figcaption></figure>
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barone 1980 : Barone (R.) – *Anatomia comparata dei mammiferi domestici*, vol. 1: *Osteologia*.

Boessneck et al. 1964 : Boessneck (J.), Müller (H.H.), Teichert (M.) – *Osteologische Unterscheidungsmermale zwischen Schaf (Ovis Aries Linné) und Ziege (Capra Hircus Linné)*, in “Kühn Archiv”, 1-129.

De Grossi Mazzorin et al. (dir.) 2013 : De Grossi Mazzorin (J.), Cruci (A.), Giacobini (G.) (dir.) – *Economia e ambienten-tenell’Italia padana dell’età del Bronzo. Le indagini bioar-cheologiche*, “Beni archeologici- Conoscenza e tecnologie”, Quaderno 11, CNR, Università del Salento, Edipuglia-Bari.

De Marinis 2000 : De Marinis (R.C.) – *Il Museo Civico Archeologico Giovanni Rambotti, una introduzione alla prei-storia del lago di Garda*, Desenzano del Garda.

Dottrens 1946 : Dottrens (E.) – Les phalanges osseues des Bos Taurus domesticus, *Revue suisse de zoologie*, 53/83, 739-753.

Kratochvil 1969 : Kratochvil (Z.) – Species criteria on distal section of the tibia in Ovis Ammon f. aries L. and Capra Aegagrus f. hircus L., *Acta Veterinaria*, 38, 483-490.

Schmid 1972 : Schmid (E.) – *Atlas of animal bons for Prehistorian, Archaeologists and Quaternary Geologists*, Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam-London-New York.

Schramm 1967 : Schramm (Z.) – Kosci dlugie a wysokosc w klebie u kozy (Long bones and height in withers of goat), *Roczniki wyzszei szkoly rolniczei w poznaniu*, 36, 89-105.

Teichert 1969 : Teichert (M.) – Osteometrische untersuchun-gen zur berechnung der widerristhöhe bei vor- und fru-hgeschichtlichen schweinen, *Kühn-Archiv*, 83, 237-292.

Teichert 1975 : Teichert (M.) – *Osteometrische untersuchun-gen zur berechnung der widerristhöhe bei schafen*, in Clason Anneke (T.) ed., *Archaezoological Studies. Papers of the Archeozoological Conference*, Amsterdam, 51-69.

Von den Driesch 1976 : Von den Driech (A.) – *A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeoogical sites*, Harvard.
## Auteurs

Alfonsina AMATO, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Beni Culturali e Ambientali, sezione di Archeologia, Milano; amatoalfonsina@gmail.com

Marta RAPI, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Beni Culturali e Ambientali, sezione di Archeologia, Milano; marta.rapi@unimi.it

Umberto TECCHIATI, Soprintendenza Provinciale ai Beni Culturali di Bolzano - Alto Adige, Ufficio Beni Archeologici, Bolzano; umberto.tecchiati@provinvia.bz.it

## Notice catalographique

Amato et al. 2016 : Amato (A.), Rapi (M.), Tecchiati (U.) – Middle Bronze age faunal remains from the pile dwelling settlement of Lavagnone (Desenzano del Garda, Brescia, Italy). In : Lachenal (T.), Mordant (C.), Nicolas (T.), Véber (C.) (dir.) – *Le Bronze moyen et l'origine du Bronze final en Europe occidentale, de la Méditerranée aux pays nordiques (xviiᵉ-xiiᵉ siècle avant notre ère)*, *Colloque APRAB "Bronze 2014"*, Strasbourg 17 au 20 juin 2014, Strasbourg, 671-677 (Mémoires d'Archéologie du Grand-Est 1).

## Abstract

The pile-dwelling of Lavagnone (Desenzano del Garda-Lonato, Brescia) is a reference site for the absolute and relative chronology of the Bronze Age in northern Italy and for the cultural characterization of the "palafitte and terramare" civilisation. Following the results of the excavations, several settlement phases are recorded, from the beginning of the EBA to the latest MBA.

In this work, we present the results of an archaeozoological study which focuses on MBA levels.

The ensemble of faunal remains is composed of 6851 bone fragments, of which only 49.6% can be determined. Of these, the 94% are from domestic animals, while the remaining 6% are from the wild species. Among the domestic fauna, the dominant species are sheep and goat, followed by pig, cattle, dog and the horse. Among the wild species, we appreciate the presence of red deer, roe deer, wild boar, hare, wolf and wild cat.

Thanks to a well-preserved stratigraphy, it is possible a distinction in phases for the sample of faunal finds, thus allowing not only a general analysis but a detailed economic reconstruction from a diachronic point of view.

## Résumé

L'habitat de Lavagnone (Desenzano del garda-Lonato, Brescia) est un site de référence pour la chronologie absolue et relative de l'âge du Bronze en Italie du Nord et pour la caractérisation culturelle des civilisations « palafittiques et terramaricoles ». Suite aux fouilles, plusieurs phases d'habitat ont été identifiées, du début du Bronze ancien au Bronze moyen tardif.

Dans cet article, sont présentés les résultats d'une étude archéozoologique qui se concentre sur les niveaux Bronze moyen.

Le corpus faunistique se compose de 6851 restes avec seulement 49% de déterminables. Au sein de cet ensemble, 94% appartiennent à des animaux domestiques et donc à 6% d'espèces sauvages. Les espèces domestiques dominantes sont la chèvre et le mouton suivis par le porc, le bœuf, le chien et le cheval. Ont été déterminés dans les sauvages : le cerf élaphe, le chevreuil, l'ours brun, lièvre, le loup et le chat sauvage.

Du fait de la bonne qualité des stratigraphies, il est possible de distinguer les corpus fauniques par phases ce qui auto-rise non seulement une approche générale mais aussi une reconstitution détaillée de l'économie animale d'un point de vue diachronique.
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