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### XIII. SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article.

**Appendix S1.** Conducted literature search.

**Appendix S2.** The need for a standardised terminological framework.

**Appendix S3.** Directions for future research.

**Appendix S4.** Criticism of so-called ‘black lists’.

**Appendix S5.** Conflicting goals in environmental governance.

**Fig. S1.** Annual number of publications on the impact of non-native species and as a proportion of all publications listed in the field of Ecology in the Web of Science, highlighting the rise of invasion biology in the context of overall science output.

*(Received 29 May 2025; revised 9 December 2025; accepted 12 December 2025)*