# Architectures of social tourism : History/ies and futures

Amélie Nicolas

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Amélie Nicolas. Architectures of social tourism : History/ies and futures. Architectures du tourisme social : histoire(s) et devenirs, Jul 2022, Nantes, France. hal-04415702

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# Architectures of social tourism : history/ies and futures

International conference – July 4 and 5
(ENSA Nantes, UMR Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités)

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Holiday camp in Argenteuil, a town in the former "red suburbs" of Paris, in Saint-Hilaire de Riez (Vendée, France). The camp is closed since 2001.

## Location :

Nantes School of Architecture (Ensa Nantes), 6 quai François Mitterrand, Nantes
Second floor, 2A 09-10

AAU
ambiances
architectures
urbanités

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Nantes
Uiversité

→ nantes
ensa
→ architecture

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# Preamble

If the concept of "social tourism" only began to spread in the 1930s in France, the organisation of "free time" for the working classes had already been under scrutiny in the previous decades. Whether it derives from social economy networks or from public initiatives, social tourism – as a value and as the social engineering of vacations – has promoted some ideas related to family, youth and the management of leisure time. Many buildings are inherited from this plural history. They all shed light on the contexts in which they were born – holiday barracks of the "Belle Epoque" period, fascist training camps or vacation villages and camps erected during the so-called "three Golden Decades" after World War Two. But what has become of this material heritage? What state is it in? What perspectives lie ahead for the buildings linked with "social tourism"? Should they be renovated, reclaimed, abandoned, destroyed, dedicated to other uses? The destiny of the buildings linked with social tourism over time allows us to renew our questions on the transformations of our societies. For instance, we may consider the future of the built heritage and vacation architecture of the German Democratic Republic after the reunification process (Böick 2018; Spiegel 2020), the colonies built in Italy since the beginning of the twentieth century and subsequently abandoned (Orioli 2005; Balducci 2007), the socio-spatial contexts of vacation camps for Flemish or Walloon Belgians (Heynen Gosseye 2013), the legacy and reappropriation of Spanish vacation union towns (Montesinos 2021; Carcelén Gonzalez 2017, 2021) or the transformations of architecture created under the auspices of municipal socialism or communism, or driven by a voluntary state administration, in France (Toulier 2008, Down 2009, Bellanger Mischi 2013, Fuchs 2020).

This conference aims at analysing such mutations from a multidisciplinary perspective, involving architecture, urban planning, territorial sciences, tourism studies, urban sociology, economics, history, education sciences and political sciences. Following a French research programme which dealt with the future of leisure-oriented social architecture on the Loire-Atlantique and Vendée coastlines, this conference seeks to broaden the geographical focus and to point out specificities, crossovers and convergences.
July 4

9 am
Welcome & Coffee

9.30 am
**Introduction**

« International perspectives of a French regional research project on the future of social tourism spaces (architectures and territories) »
Amélie Nicolas

10.15 am - 12.45 pm

**Session 1 : The impact of history: architectural and urban legacies of the materialized ideologies of social tourism (Spain, Germany, Italy)**

Although the term "social tourism" began to be used in the 1950's, social tourism did exist beforehand. Generally associated in France with the generalization of paid vacations in 1936, the organization of "free time" for the less well-off classes is a question that has been raised more generally throughout Europe, yet in different ways. Far from being the prerogative of so-called democratic regimes, this prerogative was also at the heart of various authoritarian policies. We must therefore take the measure of this weight of history and of this heritage.

Session facilitators: Amélie Nicolas, Ignacio Requena Ruiz

Daniela Spiegel

Concrete Dreams of Socialism. The touristic heritage of the East- and West-German Baltic Coast – 1945-90

Ricardo Carcelen Gonzalez

Architectures and cities for workers rest in Spain: the value of the unrepeatable ; Holiday cities from the Education and Rest Union Work

Arcuitecturas y ciudades para el descanso obrero en España : el valor del irrepetible. Ciudades de vacaciones de la Obra Sindical Educación y Descanso

Sofia Nannini

Holiday Camps for Children of the Gioventù Italiana in Emilia-Romagna: History and Legacy

Luca Comerio

The interweaving of educational practices and architecture in the Fiat colonies of Marina di Massa and Sauze d'Oulx (Italy)

L'intreccio tra pratiche educative e architetture nelle colonie Fiat di Marina di Massa e Sauze d'Oulx (Italia)

Discussions

nb : presentation : 20-25 minutes ; discussions : 50 minutes

12.45 pm – 2.30 pm

On-site lunch
2.30 pm – 5 pm

## Session 2 : Among coasts and mountains: conceptions and uses of social tourism architectures

In a different context from those evoked in session 1, the example of vacation villages in France, built during the period known as the "Trente Glorieuses", also tells of a certain architectural conception at the service of a certain idea of vacations.

If the coastline has had a certain success, the mountains have also been the object of a certain infatuation at the crossroads of hygienism and the use of vacations. Various buildings were financed and built for this purpose. Thus, we can observe some practices of territorialization of social tourism and the traces they have left.

Session facilitators : Laurent Devisme, Johan Vincent

### Virginie Picon-Lefevre

Conceptions and evolution of the vacation village model in France

Conceptions et évolutions du modèle du village de vacances en France

### Pascale Bartoli

Investigations and innovations of the residential programs of vacations in the period of the "Trente Glorieuses". The case of the Var coastline

Expérimentations et innovations des programmes résidentiels de vacances dans la période des «Trente Glorieuses». Le cas du littoral varois

### Laurent Tissot

Social tourism in Switzerland: what are the realities? The case of vacation villages (1950-2020)

Le tourisme social en Suisse : quelles réalités ? Le cas des villages de vacances (1950-2020)

### Alice de la Taille

From charity to social thermalism in the Pyrenees (France), many architectural regenerations

De la bienfaisance au thermalisme social dans les Pyrénées, des reconversions multiples

### Discussions

nb : presentation : 20-25 minutes ; discussions : 50 minutes

7.30 pm

## Dinner in the city
## July 5

9.30 am

Coffee

10 am – 12.30 pm

### Session 3: The end of a model? The current state of social tourism architectures in question

Many social tourism sites and buildings have now lost their initial vocation. Is there an obsolescence of their architectural model? Is this just another effect of the contemporary metamorphosis of the social question? Many sites and buildings are struggling to find new uses despite the actuality of various requalification projects, sometimes subject to controversy. What does this tell us about the transformations of our societies? And can we say that a renewal of social tourism is still possible?

Session facilitators: Nathan Brenu, Valter Balducci

### Micaela Antonucci

The "Vittorio Emanuele III" seaside holiday camp on the Roman coast in the twentieth century, from "place of care" to "social place": architecture, memory and territorial reality

*La colonia marina "Vittorio Emanuele III" sul litorale romano attraverso il Novecento, da "luogo di cura" a "luogo sociale": architettura, memoria e realtà territoriale*

### Gloria Pessina

From holiday camp for miners' children to 5-star hotel? Controversies in the Sulcis-Iglesiente region (Italy)

*Da colonia per i figli dei minatori a hotel a 5 stelle? Controversie nel Sulcis-Iglesiente*

### Eleonore Marantz

Struck by obsolescence? The current state of social tourism architectures by Roland Schweitzer

*Frappées d'obsolescence ? L'actualité des architectures du tourisme social de Roland Schweitzer*

### Lilian Nobilet & Maxence Cordonnier

The holiday heritage of works councils: rethinking spaces to rehabilitate vacations

*Le patrimoine vacancier des comités d'entreprise : repenser les espaces pour re-panser les vacances*

### Discussions

nb : presentation : 20-25 minutes ; discussions : 50 minutes

12.30 pm – 1.45 pm

### On-site lunch

1.45 pm – 3.00 pm

### Overview & conclusion. Prospect of a collaborative research project? Ways and Futures

Laurent Devisme & all participants
# Biography of speakers

Micaela Antonucci is Associate Professor of History of Architecture at the University of Bologna. Her scholarly studies focus on Italian Renaissance architecture, with special concern for Rome and the work of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger; and on topics and protagonists of contemporary architecture, particularly Otto Wagner and Pier Luigi Nervi. She participated and coordinated many international research projects and she contributed many essays and books on these topics, among the most recent of which are: Ostia. Architettura e città in centro anni di storia (co-editor, 2020); Pier Luigi Nervi in Africa. Evoluzione e dissoluzione dello Studio Nervi 1964-1980 (with G. Neri, 2021). In 2020 she was appointed David and Julie Tobey Fellow at I Tatti - The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies. Since 2021 she is Principal Investigator of the Erasmus+ Strategic Partnerships for Higher Education project "InVisiBLe - Inclusive and Innovative Learning Tool for Visually Impaired and Blind People", focused on innovative tools for the inclusion of the visually impaired and blind students in HE courses related to visual arts.

Micaela Antonucci è Professoressa associata di Storia dell'architettura all'Università di Bologna. Le sue attività di studio e ricerca si sono concentrate in particolare su temi dell'architettura del Rinascimento, in special modo a Roma; sulla figura e l'opera di Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane; su temi e personaggi dell'architettura contemporanea in Italia e in Europa, con studi monografici su Otto Wagner e Pier Luigi Nervi. È stata impegnata in numerose ricerche e progetti scientifici internazionali, documentati da una consistente produzione saggistica e editoriale, tra i cui prodotti più recenti sono: Ostia. Architettura e città in centro anni di storia (co-curatrice, 2020); Pier Luigi Nervi in Africa. Evoluzione e dissoluzione dello Studio Nervi 1964-1980 (2021, con G. Neri). Nel 2020 è stata David and Julie Tobey Fellow presso I Tatti - The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies. Dal 2021 è Coordinatrice e Responsabile scientifica del progetto Erasmus+ Strategic Partnerships for Higher Education "InVisiBLe - Inclusive and Innovative Learning Tool for Visually Impaired and Blind People", incentrato sull'innovazione didattica per l'inclusione degli studenti con disabilità visiva nei corsi universitari legati alle arti visive.

Pascale Bartoli, is an architect who graduated in 2000 and received a doctorate in architecture in 2014. Her training at the Marseille School of Architecture evolves around the history of 20th century architecture, the study of urban and territorial changes and of the project's operational approach. His research focuses mainly on architectural and urban examples of the French Mediterranean coast since the Second World War. She combines teaching, research (INAMA- ENSA Marseille) and project management activities, with public and private projects, as well as residential housing. These fields of study have led her to participate in the writing of books or the organization of exhibitions around the heritage of the 20th century and contemporary architecture in our region. She also continued research on the Var vacation resorts of the "Trente Glorieuses" period as a testing ground for housing as part of her thesis support in 2014. This latest research was the subject of a publication in 2019 under the title "living holidays, architectures and town planning on the Var coast". Research also feeds his architectural projects, particularly on landscape integration. She still participates in the working group on the Remarkable Contemporary Architecture (EX 20th century) label of the DRAC PACA, sits on the Var sites commission and as a substitute for the regional heritage and architecture commission and on the board of trustees of the CAUE 83.

Pascale BARTOLI, est architecte diplômée en 2000 et docteur en architecture en 2014. Sa formation à l'école d'architecture de Marseille évolue autour de l'histoire de l'architecture du XXe siècle, de l'étude des mutations urbaines et territoriales et de l'approche opérationnelle du projet. Ses recherches se concentrent principalement autour des exemples architecturaux et urbanistiques du littoral méditerranéens français depuis la deuxième guerre mondiale. Elle concilie une activité d'enseignement et de recherches en tant que chercheur associé du laboratoire INAMA (ENSA MARSEILLE) et de maîtrise d'œuvre, avec à son actif de nombreux équipements publics et privés ainsi que des projets résidentiels.
Ces terrains d'étude l'ont conduit à participer à la rédaction d'ouvrages ou l'organisation d'expositions autour du patrimoine du XXe et de l'architecture contemporaine dans notre région. Elle a également poursuivi une recherche sur les cités de vacances varoises des Trente Glorieuses comme terrain d'expérimentation pour l'habitat dans le cadre de sa thèse soutenue en 2014. Cette dernière recherche a fait l'objet d'une publication en 2019 sous le titre « habiter les vacances, architectures et urbanismes sur le littoral du Var ». Les recherches nourrissent également ses projets d'architecture notamment sur l'intégration paysagère. Elle participe encore au groupe de travail sur le label Architecture Contemporaine Remarquable (EX patrimoine du XXe siècle) de la DRAC PACA, siège à la Commission des sites du Var et comme suppléante à la commission régionale du patrimoine et de l'architecture et au conseil d'administration du CAUE 83.

**Luca Comerio** obtained his PhD in Education and Communication Sciences from the University of Milan - Bicocca, with the thesis "The Italian holiday colonies in the period 1968-1990: a pedagogy in transition between tendencies of progressive education and heritage of the past"; currently, at the same University, he is research fellow in History of Pedagogy and contract lecturer in History of Pedagogy and Educational Institutions in the Degree Course in Primary Education Sciences. He is a member of CIRSE (Italian Centre for Historical-Educational Research) and a junior member of SIPED (Italian Society of Pedagogy). His research concerns the history of summer camps, the progressive education and the natural environment as an educational context in 20th-century Europe. His publications include: (2020) "Le colonie di vacanza dopo il '68. Gli atti del Seminario nazionale di studio del Comitato Italiano per il Gioco Infantile (1972)"; in Pironi, T. (Ed.), *Autorità in crisi. Scuola, famiglia, società prima e dopo il '68. Aracne, Roma*.

Luca Comerio ha conseguito il titolo di Dottore di ricerca in Scienze della Formazione e della Comunicazione presso l'Università di Milano - Bicocca, con la tesi "Le colonie di vacanza italiane nel periodo 1968-1990: una pedagogia in transizione tra spinte attivistiche ed eredità del passato"; attualmente, nel medesimo Ateneo, è assegnista di ricerca in Storia della Pedagogia e docente a contratto di Storia della pedagogia e delle Istituzioni Educative nel Corso di Laurea in Scienze della Formazione Primaria. È socio del CIRSE (Centro Italiano per la ricerca storico – educativa) e socio junior della SIPED (Società Italiana di Pedagogia). Le sue ricerche riguardano la storia delle colonie estive, la pedagogia attiva e l'ambiente naturale come contesto educativo nell'Europa del '900. Tra le sue pubblicazioni: (2020) "Le colonie di vacanza dopo il '68. Gli atti del Seminario nazionale di studio del Comitato Italiano per il Gioco Infantile (1972)"; in Pironi, T. (Ed.), *Autorità in crisi. Scuola, famiglia, società prima e dopo il '68. Aracne, Roma*.

**Maxence Cordonnier** is a Ph-D student in geography at the UMR laboratory "Territoires" (University of Clermont Auvergne), in charge of research at the Michelin Works Council in Clermont-Ferrand from 2018 to 2021; his research focuses on the understanding of holiday living as a source of re-enchantment of the political project of a social economy structure that works in the field of vacations and especially social tourism.

Maxence Cordonnier est Doctorant en géographie à l'UMR Territoires (Université Clermont Auvergne), chargé de recherches au sein du CSE Michelin Clermont-Ferrand de 2018 à 2021 ; ses recherches portent sur la compréhension de l'habiter vacancier comme source de réenchantement du projet politique d'une structure de l'économie sociale et solidaire qui oeuvre dans le champ des vacances et notamment du tourisme social.
**Alice de la Taille** is a heritage curator at the Inventaire général des patrimoines de la Région Occitanie.
Since 2016, she has been working on the heritage legacy of the thermal activity in the Pyrenees, with a
more detailed study on the thermal station of Bagnères-de-Luchon on which she has published several
contributions. She was an organizing member of the ERDF project TCVPYR (Tourism Culture and Holiday in
the Pyrenees) between 2017 and 2021 and is preparing, in the continuity of this project, the collective
publication of a synthesis of the results obtained.

Alice de la Taille est conservatrice du patrimoine de l'Inventaire général des patrimoines de la Région Occitanie. Elle travaille depuis 2016 sur le legs patrimonial de l'activité thermale dans les Pyrénées, avec une étude plus particulièrement poussée sur la station thermale de Bagnères-de-Luchon sur laquelle elle a publié plusieurs contributions. Elle a été membre organisateur du projet FEDER TCVPYR (Tourisme Culture et villégiature dans les Pyrénées) entre 2017 et 2021 et prépare, dans la continuité de ce projet, la publication collective d'une synthèse des résultats obtenus.

**Ricardo Carcelén González.** Architect from the Politechnic University of Valencia. Professor of the Architectural Projects area at the Polytechnic University of Cartagena (member of European University of Technology). Master in Research and Management of Historical- Artistic and Cultural Heritage from the University of Murcia. PhD from the Polytechnic University of Cartagena. His research work on the architecture of tourism and the Modern Movement has received the Special Mention in Architectural Research in the XXV Architecture Awards of the COAH, in addition to three Special Divulgation Prizes in the XVIII, XX and XXI editions of the Architecture Awards of the Region of Murcia for other lines of work. He has presented his work at international conferences and congresses such as the first International Congress of the AhAU, the 11th Iberian Docomomo Congress and the 7th International Congress Pioneers of Modern Architecture in Spain, as well as in many scientific journals specialized in architectural research both national (Informes de la Construcción, VLC Architecture Research Journal, EGA Magazine, En Blanco Architecture Magazine, ZARCH Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture and Urbanism, Revista i2, etc.) and international (EURE Latin American Magazine of Regional Urban Studies, AUS Architecture/Urbanism/Sustainability or Bitácora Arquitectura). He is a founding member of the Association of Historians of Architecture and Urbanism and co-author of the collection Architecture and Architects of the Modern Movement in the Region of Murcia. He has extensive professional experience at the international firm Clavel Arquitectos, where he is the co-author of a multitude of unique architectural works of an innovative nature, verified by the awards and distinctions received, by their impact on national or international specialized literature or by having been shown in Relevant exhibitions with catalog (according to criteria approved by the National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity CNEAI).

Ricardo Carcelén González. Arquitecto por la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Profesor Contratado Doctor (acreditado como Profesor Titular de Universidad) del área de Proyectos Arquitectónicos de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (miembro de la European University of Technology). Máster en Investigación y Gestión del Patrimonio Histórico-Artístico y Cultural por la Universidad de Murcia. Doctor en Arquitectura y Edificación por la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Su línea de investigación sobre las arquitecturas del turismo y del Movimiento Moderno ha recibido la Mención Especial en Investigación Arquitectónica en el XXV Premio de Arquitectura del COAH, además de tres Premios a la Divulgación en las ediciones XVIII, XX y XXI de los Premios de Arquitectura de la Región de Murcia por otras líneas de trabajo. Ha difundido su investigación en Jornadas y Congresos internacionales de relevancia en su campo, como el I Congreso Internacional de la AhAU "Los Años CIAM en España: la otra Modernidad", el XI Congreso Docomomo Ibérico o el VII Congreso Internacional Pioneros de la Arquitectura Moderna en España, así como en multitud de revistas científicas especializadas en investigación arquitectónica consideradas de impacto tanto nacionales (Informes de la Construcción, VLC Arquitectura Research Journal, Revista EGA, En Blanco Revista de Arquitectura, ZARCH Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture and Urbanism, Revista i2, etc.) como internacionales (EURE Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Urbano Regionales, AUS Arquitectura/Urbanismo/ Sustentabilidad o Bitácora Arquitectura). Es
socio fundador de la Asociación de historiadores de la Arquitectura y el Urbanismo y coautor de la colección de libros Arquitectura y Arquitectos del Movimiento Moderno en la Región de Murcia. Cuenta con una extensa experiencia profesional en la firma internacional Clavel Arquitectos, donde es coautor de multitud de obras arquitectónicas singulares de carácter innovador, constatado por los premios y distinciones recibidos, por su impacto en la literatura especializada nacional o internacional o por haber sido mostrados en exposiciones relevantes con catálogo (según criterios aprobados por la Comisión Nacional Evaluadora de la Actividad Investigadora CNEAI).

**Eléonore Marantz** is a lecturer in the history of contemporary architecture at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and a researcher at HiCSA (EA 4100). She devotes most of her research to the frameworks and forms of architectural production in the 20th century. Her current work proposes to reread the pre- and post-Sixties years through the prism, in particular, of studies on major public programs: Construire l'université. University Architectures in Paris and the Île-de-France Region. 1945-2000 (2016, with S. Méchine); De l'Université de Paris aux universités d'Île-de-France (2016, with F. Bourillon, S. Méchine, L. Vadelorge); Architectures Manifestes. Les écoles d'architecture en France depuis 1950 (2018, MetisPresses, with G. Lambert). His attention to the architectures of higher education has nourished his research on the teaching of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s (exhibition "Mai 68. Architecture too!", Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine, Paris, 2018, with C. Maniaque and J.-L. Violeau; Architecture 68. Panorama international des renouveaux pédagogiques, 2020, MetisPresses, with A. Debarre, C. Maniaque and J.-L. Violeau) and the actors of this history. It is in this context that she engaged in 2017 in a fruitful dialogue with Roland Schweitzer, nourished by numerous interviews on his approach and his work, with a view to a monographic work. She has contributed to the preservation of the architect's archives, which are now kept at the Centre d'archives d'architecture contemporaine.

Eléonore Marantz est Maître de conférences en histoire de l'architecture contemporaine à l'Université Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne et chercheur à l'HiCSA (EA 4100). Elle consacre l'essentiel de ses recherches aux cadres et aux formes de la production architecturale au XXe siècle. Ses travaux actuels proposent de relire les années pré et post-soixante-huitardes au prisme, notamment, d'études sur les grands programmes publics : Construire l'université. Architectures universitaires à Paris et en Île-de-France. 1945-2000 (2016, avec S. Méchine) ; De l'Université de Paris aux universités d'Île-de-France (2016, avec F. Bourillon, S. Méchine, L. Vadelorge) ; Architectures Manifestes. Les écoles d'architecture en France depuis 1950 (2018, MetisPresses, avec G. Lambert). Son attention aux architectures de l'enseignement supérieur a nourri ses recherches sur l'enseignement de l'architecture au cours des années 1960 et 1970 (exposition « Mai 68. L'architecture aussi ! », Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine, Paris, 2018, avec C. Maniaque et J.-L. Violeau ; Architecture 68. Panorama international des renouveaux pédagogiques, 2020, MetisPresses, avec A. Debarre, C. Maniaque et J.-L. Violeau) et les acteurs de cette histoire. C'est dans ce contexte qu'elle a engagé en 2017 un fructueux dialogue avec Roland Schweitzer, nourri par de nombreux entretiens sur sa démarche et son oeuvre, dans la perspective d'un travail monographique. Elle a contribué à la préservation des archives de l'architecte aujourd'hui conservées au Centre d'archives d'architecture contemporaine.

**Sofia Nannini** is currently a postdoc research fellow at the University of Bologna, Department of Architecture. She's an adjunct professor at the University of Bologna, at the University of Florence and at the Italian University of Design. In April 2021 she obtained a PhD in Architectural History from Politecnico di Torino. Her main research interests are: architectural and construction histories in the Nordic Countries, with a particular attention to Iceland; the cultural, social and technical history of reinforced concrete since the midnineteenth century; the connections between architecture, politics and memory throughout the twentieth century; architecture and urban planning during the fascist regime in Italy and our relationship with its difficult heritage today; the history and reuse of former holiday camps for children in Italy and Europe. She is a journal editor of in_bo and Histories of Postwar Architecture.
Sofia Nannini est actuellement chercheuse en post-Doctorat à l'université de Bologne, dans le Département d'architecture. Elle est professeure associée à l'Université de Bologne, à l'Université de Florence et à l'Université italienne de Design. En avril 2021, elle a obtenu un doctorat en histoire de l'architecture au Politecnico di Torino. Ses principaux intérêts de recherche sont : l'histoire de l'architecture et de la construction dans les pays nordiques, avec une attention particulière à l'Islande ; l'histoire culturelle, sociale et technique du béton armé depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle ; les liens entre l'architecture, la politique et la mémoire tout au long du XXe siècle ; l'architecture et l'urbanisme au cours du Xxe siècle ; l'architecture et l'urbanisme sous le régime fasciste en Italie et notre relation avec ce difficile héritage aujourd'hui ; l'histoire et la réutilisation des anciens camps de vacances pour enfants en Italie et en Europe. Elle est rédactrice en chef des revues in_bo et Histories of Postwar Architecture.

**Lilian Nobilet** is a Ph-D student in sociology at the laboratory "Émile Durkheim Center" (University of Bordeaux), Director of the Michelin Works Council in Clermont-Ferrand since 2016; his research focuses on social democracy, understood as democracy in the space of the company, and in particular on the question of the legitimacy of the Work Council, a democratic organization, within a company that is thought of as a profit-making enterprise

Lilian Nobilet est Doctorant en sociologie au centre Émile Durkheim (Université de Bordeaux), Directeur du CSE Michelin Clermont-Ferrand depuis 2016 ; ses recherches portent sur la démocratie sociale, entendue comme la démocratie dans l'espace de l'entreprise et notamment sur la question de la légitimité du CSE, organisation démocratique, au sein d'une entreprise pensée à des fins lucratives.

**Gloria Pessina** is Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the Dpt. of Architecture and Urban Studies at Politecnico di Milano (Italy). She has been contributing to the department's excellence project on "Territorial Fragilities" since 2018. After obtaining a PhD in Spatial Planning and Urban Development with a thesis on the political ecology of water-related urban design in India (2015), she started investigating multiscalar power relations and trade-offs between environmental protection, economic development, heritage and energy transition in marginal European regions (focus: Sardinia, Italy). In late 2021 she was hosted by the Rachel Carson Center (LMU, Germany) as Visiting Scholar.

**Virginie Picon-Lefebvre** is an architect-urban planner, an architectural historian, a professor of History and Architectural Culture at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville, and a researcher at IPRAUS laboratory (UMR AUSser). She has notably published : Picon-Lefebvre V., Fabry N., Pradel B. (dir.), Narrations touristiques et fabrique des territoires. Quand tourisme, loisirs et consommation réécrivent la ville, Paris, Ed. L'Œil d'or, Coll. Critiques et cités, 2015. Et plus récemment, Picon-Lefebvre V. La fabrique du bonheur, Parenthèse Eds. 2019

Virginie Picon-Lefebvre est architecte-urbaniste, historienne de l'architecture, professeure d'Histoire et de culture architecturale à l'école nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Belleville, et chercheure à l'IPRAUS UMR AUSser. Elle habilitée à diriger les recherches. Elle a notamment publié : Picon-Lefebvre V., Fabry N., Pradel B. (dir.), Narrations touristiques et fabrique des territoires. Quand tourisme, loisirs et consommation réécrivent la ville, Paris, Ed. L'Œil d'or, Coll. Critiques et cités, 2015. Et plus récemment, Picon-Lefebvre V. La fabrique du bonheur, Parenthèse Eds. 2019
**Daniela Spiegel** is Professor Architectural History and Heritage Conservation at the Anhalt University of Applied Sciences for an architectural historian. After her studies in art history, archeology and heritage conservation in Berlin and Rome she worked as a Research Associate and Lecturer, first at the Technical University of Berlin, and then at the Bauhaus-University Weimar. Department of Heritage Conservation and Architectural History. Since 2019, she holds the Chair for Architectural History and Heritage Conservation at the Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, where she teaches in different BA and MA Courses. Furthermore, she is part of the teaching staff of the DFG Research Training Group 2227 "Identity and Heritage". Danielas research interests include theory and history of heritage conservation as well as urban and architectural history the 20th century, with special focus on Fascist Italy and the former GDR. In her Habilitation ("Vacation dreams/spaces of Socialism", 2020), she studied the design and development of GDR holiday architecture in a comparative European context.

**Laurent Tissot** is Professor Emeritus of Contemporary History at the University of Neuchâtel (2006-2018). Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Humanities from 2009 to 2011. University studies in Lausanne, London and Paris. Former President of the Swiss Society for Economic and Social History; former member of the Research Council of the Swiss National Science Foundation and former member of the Committee and Treasurer of the International Committee of Historical Sciences; member of the Executive Board of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (ICPHS). Main research topics: history of transport, tourism and leisure; history of industrialization (corporate and regional history). He has notably published: "Protestantisme, montagne et environnement : une relation privilégiée ?" *Journal of interdisciplinary history of ideas*. - Turin. - Vol. 7(2019), numéro 13 p. 1-23 (online journal : http://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/jihi/) et "Comment faire face au tourisme régional ? : réflexions historiques (et interdisciplinaires)" (with Humair, C dric et Knoll, Martin) dans *Zeitschrift für Tourismus-Wissenschaft*. Berlin.Vol. 9(2017), numéro 1, p. 5-31.

Laurent Tissot est professeur émérite d'histoire contemporaine à l'Université de Neuchâtel (2006-2018). Doyen de la Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines de 2009 à 2011. Etudes universitaires à Lausanne, Londres et Paris. Ancien président de la Société suisse d'histoire économique et sociale ; ancien membre du Conseil de la recherche du Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique et ancien membre du Comité et trésorier du Comité international des sciences historiques ; membre du Bureau exécutif du Conseil international de la philosophie et des sciences humaines (CIPSH). Principaux thèmes de recherche : histoire des transports, du tourisme et des loisirs ; histoire de l'industrialisation (histoire des entreprises et des régions). Il a notamment publié : "Protestantisme, montagne et environnement : une relation privilégiée ?" In *Journal of interdisciplinary history of ideas*. - Turin. - Vol. 7(2019), numéro 13 p. 1-23 (revue en ligne : http://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/jihi/) et "Comment faire face au tourisme régional ? : réflexions historiques (et interdisciplinaires)" (avec Humair, C dric et Knoll, Martin) dans *Zeitschrift für Tourismus-Wissenschaft*. Berlin.Vol. 9(2017), numéro 1, p. 5-31.