Interstellar dust is often modeled as a mixture of silicate and carbon grains, but polarization observations in emission provide a stringent test challenging existing models [518,519]. The analysis of dust polarization at far-IR wavelengths obtained with the balloon-borne experiment BLASTPol [520] and at microwave frequencies with Planck [60] suggests that dust emission at long wavelengths is dominated by one single type of grain, the same for polarization as for total intensity [521]. Thanks to its sensitivity in many spectral bands (Fig. 54), LiteBIRD observations may unravel additional emission components. In particular, if silicates contain magnetic inclusions, or if free-flying magnetic grains are present, Galactic polarization may include a significant contribution from magnetic dipole emission [522].

Dipole emission from spinning dust grains is thought to account for the AME; however, the nature of the carriers remains uncertain [523]. The competing hypotheses, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, small silicates, and magnetic nanoparticles, differ in their predictions for the AME polarization [522,524–526]. A detection of AME polarization will thus constrain the nature of its carriers. The current limit on AME polarization from the diffuse ISM is set by the cross-correlation between dust and synchrotron polarization [527]. The LiteBIRD data, combined with observations from the ground at lower frequencies from, e.g., the C-BASS, QUI-JOTE, and S-PASS surveys [528–530], promise to establish new constraints.

The emission properties of dust at long wavelengths have been shown by Planck to vary throughout the ISM [531,532]. Likewise, the alignment efficiency depends on both the local physical conditions and the dust composition [533]. Variations in dust emission properties and alignment efficiency are likely to be correlated with the density structure of the ISM, which in turn is known to be correlated with the magnetic field structure. These couplings break the simple assumption where the spectral frequency dependence of the Galactic polarization and its angular structure on the sky are separable. If a line of sight intercepts multiple dust clouds with different spectral energy distributions and magnetic field orientations, the frequency scaling of each of the Stokes Q and U parameters of the thermal dust emission may be different. Evidence for this effect has been reported using Planck data [534]. In this context, the interpretation of LiteBIRD data in terms of dust properties in polarization will need to be coupled with the modeling of the 3D structure of the Galactic magnetic field.

# 7. Potential design extensions and synergies

## 7.1. Possible extension to the baseline mission design—shifting the highest-frequency channel

As discussed in Sect. 3.2, the current LiteBIRD focal-plane configuration results in a conservative mean Fisher uncertainty of $\sigma(r=0) = \sigma_r = 6.2 \times 10^{-4}$ after component separation, which conditionally satisfies the full-success criterion of $\delta r < 10^{-3}$, as defined in Sect. 3.1. A critical design feature of this configuration is a range for the central frequency bands between 40 and 402 GHz (34 and 448 GHz from the edge to edge of the bands), which is a compromise between maximizing our ability to separate polarized foreground emission from CMB emission while still maintaining a lightweight and thermally efficient instrument. In addition, a relatively compact frequency range allows for good overlap between the three individual instruments, which is useful for internal cross-checks and systematics control.

Nevertheless, it is of great interest for the mission as a whole to reduce $\sigma_r$ further in order to increase the margin for other types of systematic errors, both known and unknown. In this respect, we note that one of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the current configuration
<figure><img src="image_58.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 56.** Tensor-to-scalar ratio uncertainty (solid lines) and bias (dashed lines) as a function of the maximum LiteBIRD frequency, ranging between 402 and 600 GHz. The blue line shows the performance of the component-separation configuration discussed in Sect. 5.2.3 or a similar one that fits the dust temperature at high resolution.</figcaption></figure>

is a significant degeneracy between CMB and thermal dust emission. With the current focal-plane configuration, we find that statistical uncertainties in the thermal dust temperature (or, equivalently, the second derivative of the thermal dust SED) account for as much as 30–40% of the total error bar on $r$ after component separation. One straightforward approach to decrease this uncertainty is to extend the overall frequency range to higher frequencies. The CMB spectral energy density (as measured in brightness density units) falls faster than exponentially above 300 GHz, while the thermal dust spectral energy density scales as $\nu^{1.5}$. Even a very modest increase in the maximum frequency can therefore dramatically reduce degeneracies between these two components.

To explore this issue quantitatively, we are currently undertaking a detailed study of alternative extended LiteBIRD focal planes, shifting the HFT range to higher frequencies, while leaving the LFT and MFT unchanged. For each configuration, the baseline HFT frequency range is multiplied by some constant factor, such that the ratio between the maximum and minimum frequencies is unchanged, which is essential for the HWP. We consider factors between 1.0 and 1.5 in steps of 0.1. A preliminary example of the outcomes from this study is shown in Fig. 56, where we plot the bias (dashed lines) and uncertainty (solid lines) on the tensor-to-scalar ratio for the six different focal-plane configurations as derived by FGBuster. While the bias is obtained maximizing the likelihood (36) (with no systematics marginalized), the $\sigma_r$ is a Fisher estimate. This choice allows a decoupling of the statistical uncertainty from the bias, providing two independent figures of merit to compare the instrumental configurations. The colors refer to two component-separation setups: the one discussed in Sect. 3.1 and a similar one that differs only for the resolution at which the thermal dust temperature is reconstructed ($N_{side}$ equal to 32, 16, and 16 instead of 8, 4, 0; see Table 14). The sky model is the same as that employed in the analysis presented in Sect. 5.2.3, only evaluated at different frequencies.
We see that the statistical uncertainty drops rapidly when extending the frequency range from 400 to 480 GHz. The flip side is the rise in the bias due to the increased sensitivity to the spatial variations of $T_d$. However, increasing the degrees of freedom associated with $T_d$ in the fit keeps the bias under control while still improving the statistical constraints in most of the configurations analyzed. The outcomes of this study will be discussed in detail in a dedicated future paper. For now, we note that the statistical uncertainty is for some *LiteBIRD* configurations 20–30% lower than for the nominal case. Going beyond 500 GHz, the incremental decrease slows down; the reason for this is simply the exponential fall-off of the CMB spectrum; at 400 GHz there is still significant sensitivity to CMB fluctuations given the *LiteBIRD* noise level, while at 500 GHz it has effectively vanished. Extending the frequency range further does give some additional sensitivity through better constraints on the thermal dust SED, but this is much slower due to the weak power-law dependence of thermal dust, as compared to the superexponential CMB spectrum. These results are independent of analysis pipelines, and we find that they apply equally to both blind and parametric component-separation methods (e.g., Commander and GNILC).

At the moment, the implications of these issues are being carefully considered by the full *LiteBIRD* collaboration, from hardware through to parameter estimation. The main advantages of a slightly shifted focal plane are obvious, namely that the tensor-to-scalar uncertainty could be reduced by as much as 30%, and our ability to reject a potentially false detection due to thermal dust mismodeling is greatly improved. A wider frequency range would also significantly increase the legacy value of the *LiteBIRD* mission with respect to ground-based B-mode and Galactic science experiments. However, there are also notable disadvantages associated with shifting the HFT to higher frequencies, the most important of which is a lack of frequency overlap between the MFT and HFT; this could turn out to be important for discovering unknown systematics in either of the two instruments when the data actually arrive. A second important drawback of modifying the focal plane at this stage is purely programmatic, in that many current instrument designs would have to be revised if the focal plane is modified, and this could result in a lower overall TRL. Thirdly, a higher maximum frequency would improve our sensitivity with respect to detailed thermal dust modeling. In the absolutely worst-case scenario in which it turned out to be impossible to model thermal dust emission at 500 GHz or above at the required level of precision, so that we would have to exclude the highest channel from the CMB analysis stage, the final uncertainty on the tensor-to-scalar ratio would *increase* by ≲5% compared to the current baseline configuration, due to slightly lower sensitivity in the overlap region between the MFT and HFT.

## 7.2. *Synergy with other projects*

The *LiteBIRD* space mission has strong synergy with ground-based CMB polarization anisotropy experiments including SO, SPO, and CMB-S4. Given the small amplitude of the inflationary B-mode signal and the obscuring effects of foregrounds, lensing, and instrumental systematic uncertainties, having highly sensitive data from both *LiteBIRD* and ground-based experiments will contribute to building confidence in the robustness of an inflationary signal detection. Furthermore, *LiteBIRD* provides data on foregrounds at frequencies above the highest frequency that will be observed by the above-mentioned ground-based experiments (280 GHz), and the *LiteBIRD* high-frequency data can be combined with B-mode data from the ground, improving foreground separation. As well as *LiteBIRD* augmenting ground-based experiments,
CMB lensing data from the ground can be combined with *LiteBIRD* data to improve the sensitivity of *LiteBIRD* to primordial *B*-modes at the angular scales of the recombination peak.

Ground-based experiments generally focus on a relatively small region of sky, which has the benefit of giving high S/N per spatial mode but on a relatively low number of spatial modes. *LiteBIRD*, in contrast, will measure the entire sky and measure all the spatial modes that are available at moderate S/N. Both deep and wide observations can contribute to our understanding of foreground emission, which is essential in the search for inflationary *B*-modes. Deep measurements give a high S/N characterization of foreground emission, but only on a relatively small region of the sky. *LiteBIRD*'s measurement of the entire sky will probe the variability of the emission in different directions and test the fidelity of the model. There is a similar complementarity in terms of instrumental systematic uncertainties, where the high S/N per mode of ground-based measurements provides a deep probe for discovering weak systematic errors, whereas *LiteBIRD* has the statistical power to measure many spatial modes, in addition to the advantage of making the observations in the benign and stable environment of space. Finally, *LiteBIRD* also has the unique ability to detect an inflationary signal at both the reionization peak (where gravitational lensing does not interfere) and at the recombination peak. A detection of a signal at both peaks would greatly increase confidence in these challenging measurements.

## 8. Conclusions

*LiteBIRD* will provide full-sky CMB polarization maps with unprecedented precision in 15 frequency bands between 34 and 448 GHz. These capabilities will enable *LiteBIRD* to satisfy the basic science requirement on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $\delta r < 0.001$, by probing both the reionization and recombination bumps in the primordial *B*-mode power spectrum expected from inflationary models. This sensitivity level will lead to either detection of primordial gravitational waves or will rule out a large class of popular inflationary models, yielding insights into physics at the very highest energies.

The *LiteBIRD* Collaboration has more than 300 researchers from Japan, Europe, and North America, and has successfully completed the Pre-Phase-A2 concept development studies of *LiteBIRD*. Table 19 shows baseline specifications of the mission as a result of these studies.

*LiteBIRD* is a mission that will set the course for the future of cosmology. There are many different inflationary models under active discussion, which predict different values of *r*. Among them, there are well-motivated inflationary models that predict $r > 0.01$ [30]. Since our requirement is $\delta r < 0.001$, we can provide more than $10\sigma$ detection significance for these models. On the other hand, if *LiteBIRD* finds no primordial *B*-modes and obtains an upper limit on *r*, this limit should be stringent enough to set severe constraints on the physics of inflation. As discussed in Ref. [107], if we obtain an upper limit at $r \simeq 0.003$, we can completely rule out one important category of models, namely any single-field model in which the characteristic field-variation scale of the inflaton potential is greater than the reduced Planck mass.

Once we carry out the observations successfully, we can use *LiteBIRD* data to study many additional topics in cosmology, particle physics, and astronomy. Examples include: (1) statistical characterization of large-scale *B*-modes and *E*-modes, including tests of scale invariance and non-Gaussianity; (2) investigation of possible power-spectrum features in polarization; (3) sample-variance-limited measurements of large-scale (low-$\ell$) *E*-modes, with implications for the reionization history and the sum of neutrino masses; (4) searches for cosmic birefringence and parity violation; (5) maps of cosmological hot gas through the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effects
<table><caption>**Table 19.** Main specifications of *LiteBIRD*. Parameters are from the *LiteBIRD* Pre-Phase-A2 concept development studies and additional studies in 2020, as preparation for the system-requirements review.</caption><thead><tr><th>Item</th><th>Specification</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Science requirement</td><td>δr &lt; 0.001 for 2 ≤ ℓ ≤ 200</td></tr><tr><td>Target launch year</td><td>2029</td></tr><tr><td>Launch vehicle</td><td>JAXA H3</td></tr><tr><td>Observation type</td><td>All-sky CMB surveys</td></tr><tr><td>Observation time</td><td>3 yr</td></tr><tr><td>Orbit</td><td>L2 Lissajous orbit</td></tr><tr><td>Scan and data recording</td><td>· Spin and precession (prec. angle α = 45°, spin angle β = 50°)<br/>· Spin period = 20 min, precession period = 3.2058 h<br/>· PMU revolution rate = 46/39/61 rpm for LFT/MFT/HFT<br/>· Sampling rate = 19.1 Hz</td></tr><tr><td>Observing frequencies</td><td>34–448 GHz</td></tr><tr><td>Number of bands</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Polarization sensitivity</td><td>2.2 μK-arcmin (after 3 yr)</td></tr><tr><td>Angular resolution</td><td>0.5° at 100 GHz (FWHM for LFT)</td></tr><tr><td>Mission instruments</td><td>· Superconducting detector arrays<br/>· Crossed-Dragone mirrors (LFT)<br/>+ two refractive telescopes (MFT and HFT)<br/>· PMU with continuously rotating HWP on each telescope<br/>· 0.1-K cooling chain (ST/JT/ADR)</td></tr><tr><td>Data size</td><td>17.9 GB day<sup>-1</sup></td></tr><tr><td>Mass</td><td>2.6 t</td></tr><tr><td>Power</td><td>3.0 kW</td></tr></tbody></table>

and relativistic corrections; (6) elucidation of large-angle anomalies in polarization; and (7) Galactic astrophysics. *LiteBIRD* has very focused mission requirements, and at the same time will provide rich scientific outcomes.

## Acknowledgements

This work is supported in Japan by ISAS/JAXA for the Pre-Phase-A2 studies, by the acceleration program of the JAXA Research and Development Directorate, by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) of MEXT, by the JSPS Core-to-Core Program, and by JSPS KAKENHI. The Italian *LiteBIRD* Phase-A contribution is supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI Grants No. 2020-9-HH.0 and 2016-24-H.1-2018), the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), and a PGR grant from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. The French *LiteBIRD* Phase-A contribution is supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale (CNES), by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and by the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA). The Canadian contribution is supported by the Canadian Space Agency. The US contribution is supported by NASA Grant No. 80NSSC18K0132. Norwegian participation in *LiteBIRD* is supported by the Research Council of Norway (Grant No. 263011). The Spanish *LiteBIRD* Phase-A contribution is supported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), project references PID2019-110610RB-C21 and AYA2017-84185-P. Funds that support the Swedish contributions come from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA/Rymdstyrelsen) and the Swedish Research Council (Reg. No. 2019-03959). The German participation in *LiteBIRD* is supported in part by the Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy (Grant No. EXC-2094 - 390783311). *LiteBIRD* work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. This research used resources of the Central Computing System owned and operated by the Computing Research Center at KEK, as well
as resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy.

References

1 S. Weinberg, Cosmology (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2008).

2 P. J. E. Peebles, L. A. Page, and R. B. Partridge, Finding the Big Bang (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2009).

3 N. Sugiyama, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. **2014**, 06B101 (2014).

4 D. Scott, G. F. Smoot, and P. A. Zyla, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. **2020**, 083C01 (2020).

5 P. J. E. Peebles, Cosmology's Century: An Inside History of Our Modern Understanding of the Universe (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2020).

6 E. Komatsu et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. **2014**, 06B102 (2014) [arXiv:1404.5415] [Search inSPIRE].

7 Planck Collaboration I, Astron. Astrophys. **641**, A1 (2020) [arXiv:1807.06205] [Search inSPIRE].

8 S. Aiola et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2012**, 047 (2020) [arXiv:2007.07288] [Search inSPIRE].

9 S. Adachi et al., Astrophys. J. **904**, 65 (2020) [arXiv:2005.06168] [Search inSPIRE].

10 J. T. Sayre et al., Phys. Rev. D **101**, 122003 (2020) [arXiv:1910.05748] [Search inSPIRE].

11 D. Dutcher et al., Phys. Rev. D **104**, 022003 (2021) [arXiv:2101.01684] [Search inSPIRE].

12 BICEP/Keck Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. **127**, 151301 (2021) [arXiv:2110.00483] [Search inSPIRE].

13 P. A. R. Ade et al., Astrophys. J. **927**, 174 (2022) [arXiv:2103.13334] [Search inSPIRE].

14 A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Lett. B **91**, 99 (1980).

15 K. Sato, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **195**, 467 (1981).

16 A. H. Guth, Phys. Rev. D **23**, 347 (1981).

17 A. Albrecht and P. J. Steinhardt, Phys. Rev. Lett. **48**, 1220 (1982).

18 A. D. Linde, Phys. Lett. B **108**, 389 (1982).

19 A. D. Linde, Phys. Lett. B **129**, 177 (1983).

20 V. F. Mukhanov and G. V. Chibisov, JETP Lett. **33**, 532 (1981) [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33, 549 (1981)]. Available at http://jetpletters.ru/ps/1510/article_23079.pdf.

21 A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Lett. B **117**, 175 (1982).

22 S. W. Hawking, Phys. Lett. B **115**, 295 (1982).

23 A. H. Guth and S. Y. Pi, Phys. Rev. Lett. **49**, 1110 (1982).

24 J. M. Bardeen, P. J. Steinhardt, and M. S. Turner, Phys. Rev. D **28**, 679 (1983).

25 L. P. Grishchuk, Sov. Phys. JETP **40**, 409 (1975) [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. **67**, 825 (1974)]. Available at http://www.jetp.ras.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_040_03_0409.pdf.

26 A. A. Starobinsky, JETP Lett. **30**, 682 (1979) [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. **30**, 719 (1979)]. Available at http://jetpletters.ru/ps/1370/article_20738.shtml.

27 U. Seljak and M. Zaldarriaga, Phys. Rev. Lett. **78**, 2054 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9609169] [Search inSPIRE].

28 M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky, and A. Stebbins, Phys. Rev. Lett. **78**, 2058 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9609132] [Search inSPIRE].

29 W. Hu and M. White, Phys. Rev. D **56**, 596 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9702170] [Search inSPIRE].

30 M. Kamionkowski and E. D. Kovetz, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. **54**, 227 (2016) [arXiv:1510.06042] [Search inSPIRE].

31 D. H. Lyth, Phys. Rev. Lett. **78**, 1861 (1997) [arXiv:hep-ph/9606387] [Search inSPIRE].

32 G. Smoot et al., Astrophys. J. **360**, 685 (1990).

33 C. L. Bennett et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **148**, 1 (2003) [arXiv:astro-ph/0302207] [Search inSPIRE].

34 J. A. Tauber et al., Astron. Astrophys. **520**, A1 (2010).

35 M. Zaldarriaga and U. Seljak, Phys. Rev. D **55**, 1830 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9609170] [Search inSPIRE].

36 M. Zaldarriaga, Phys. Rev. D **55**, 1822 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9608050] [Search inSPIRE].

37 M. Zaldarriaga and U. Seljak, Phys. Rev. D **58**, 023003 (1998) [arXiv:astro-ph/9803150] [Search inSPIRE].

38 S. M. Leach et al., Astron. Astrophys. **491**, 597 (2008) [arXiv:0805.0269] [Search inSPIRE].
39 M. Remazeilles et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1804**, 023 (2018) [arXiv:1704.04501] [Search in SPIRE].

40 Planck Collaboration IV. Astron. Astrophys. **641**, A4 (2020) [arXiv:1807.06208] [Search in SPIRE].

41 P. A. R. Ade et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. **121**, 221301 (2018) [arXiv:1810.05216] [Search in SPIRE].

42 G. Hinshaw et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **208**, 19 (2013) [arXiv:1212.5226] [Search in SPIRE].

43 C. L. Bennett et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **208**, 20 (2013) [arXiv:1212.5225] [Search in SPIRE].

44 P. A. R. Ade et al., Astrophys. J. **848**, 121 (2017) [arXiv:1705.02907] [Search in SPIRE].

45 J. W. Henning et al., Astrophys. J. **852**, 97 (2018) [arXiv:1707.09353] [Search in SPIRE].

46 Planck Collaboration V, Astron. Astrophys. **641**, A5 (2020) [arXiv:1907.12875] [Search in SPIRE].

47 S. K. Choi et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2012**, 045 (2020) [arXiv:2007.07289] [Search in SPIRE].

48 E. Di Valentino, E. Giusarma, O. Mena, A. Melchiorri, and J. Silk, Phys. Rev. D **93**, 083527 (2016) [arXiv:1511.00975] [Search in SPIRE].

49 R. Allison, P. Caucal, E. Calabrese, J. Dunkley, and T. Louis, Phys. Rev. D **92**, 123535 (2015) [arXiv:1509.07471] [Search in SPIRE].

50 E. Giusarma, M. Gerbino, O. Mena, S. Vagnozzi, S. Ho, and K. Freese, Phys. Rev. D **94**, 083522 (2016) [arXiv:1605.04320] [Search in SPIRE].

51 M. Archidiacono, T. Brinckmann, J. Lesgourgues, and V. Poulin, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1702**, 052 (2017) [arXiv:1610.09852] [Search in SPIRE].

52 A. Boyle and E. Komatsu, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1803**, 035 (2018) [arXiv:1712.01857] [Search in SPIRE].

53 L. F. Abbott and M. B. Wise, Astrophys. J. **282**, L47 (1984).

54 M. J. White, L. M. Krauss, and J. Silk, Astrophys. J. **418**, 535 (1993) [arXiv:astro-ph/9303009] [Search in SPIRE].

55 D. Scott, M. Srednicki, and M. White, Astrophys. J. **421**, L5 (1994) [arXiv:astro-ph/9305030] [Search in SPIRE].

56 L. Knox, Phys. Rev. D **52**, 4307 (1995) [arXiv:astro-ph/9504054] [Search in SPIRE].

57 L. Moncelsi et al., Receiver development for BICEP Array, a next-generation CMB polarimeter at the South Pole, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11453, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X, eds. J. Zmuidzinas and J.-R. Gao, p. 189 (2020).

58 P. A. R. Ade et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1902**, 056 (2019) [arXiv:1808.07445] [Search in SPIRE].

59 K. N. Abazajian et al., CMB-S4 Science Book. First Edition. (2016) [arXiv:1610.02743] [Search in SPIRE].

60 Planck Collaboration XI, Astron. Astrophys. **641**, A11 (2020) [arXiv:1801.04945] [Search in SPIRE].

61 Planck Collaboration XII, Astron. Astrophys. **641**, A12 (2020) [arXiv:1807.06212] [Search in SPIRE].

62 E. Komatsu et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **148**, 119 (2003) [arXiv:astro-ph/0302223] [Search in SPIRE].

63 Planck Collaboration XXIV, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A24 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5084] [Search in SPIRE].

64 Planck Collaboration XVII, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A17 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01592] [Search in SPIRE].

65 Planck Collaboration IX, Astron. Astrophys. **641**, A9 (2020) [arXiv:1905.05697] [Search in SPIRE].

66 C. L. Bennett et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **192**, 17 (2011) [arXiv:1001.4758] [Search in SPIRE].

67 Planck Collaboration XXI, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A21 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5081] [Search in SPIRE].

68 Planck Collaboration XVI, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A16 (2016) [arXiv:1506.07135] [Search in SPIRE].

69 Planck Collaboration VII, Astron. Astrophys. **641**, A7 (2020) [arXiv:1906.02552] [Search in SPIRE].
70 D. Samtleben, S. Staggs, and B. Winstein, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57, 245 (2007) [arXiv:0803.0834] [Search in SPIRE].

71 W. Hu and M. White, New Astron. 2, 323 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9706147] [Search in SPIRE].

72 M. Tristram et al., Astron. Astrophys. 647, A128 (2021) [arXiv:2010.01139] [Search in SPIRE].

73 A. Lue, L.-M. Wang, and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1506 (1999) [arXiv:astro-ph/9812088] [Search in SPIRE].

74 B. Feng, H. Li, M. Li, and X. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 620, 27 (2005) [arXiv:hep-ph/0406269] [Search in SPIRE].

75 G.-C. Liu, S. Lee, and K.-W. Ng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 161303 (2006) [arXiv:astro-ph/0606248] [Search in SPIRE].

76 S. Saito, K. Ichiki, and A. Taruya, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 0709, 002 (2007) [arXiv:0705.3701] [Search in SPIRE].

77 C. R. Contaldi, J. Magueijo, and L. Smolin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 141101 (2008) [arXiv:0806.3082] [Search in SPIRE].

78 Planck Collaboration XLIX, Astron. Astrophys. 596, A110 (2016) [arXiv:1605.08633] [Search in SPIRE].

79 J. P. Kaufman, B. G. Keating, and B. R. Johnson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 455, 1981 (2016) [arXiv:1409.8242] [Search in SPIRE].

80 Y. Minami and E. Komatsu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 221301 (2020) [arXiv:2011.11254] [Search in SPIRE].

81 D. Baumann, Inflation, in Theoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics: Physics of the Large and the Small (2009) [arXiv:0907.5424] [Search in SPIRE].

82 U. Seljak and M. Zaldarriaga, Astrophys. J. 469, 437 (1996) [arXiv:astro-ph/9603033] [Search in SPIRE].

83 M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky, and A. Stebbins, Phys. Rev. D 55, 7368 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9611125] [Search in SPIRE].

84 D. H. Lyth and A. Riotto, Phys. Rept. 314, 1 (1999) [arXiv:hep-ph/9807278] [Search in SPIRE].

85 K. M. Smith, D. Hanson, M. LoVerde, C. M. Hirata, and O. Zahn, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1206, 014 (2012) [arXiv:1010.0048] [Search in SPIRE].

86 G. Simard, D. Hanson, and G. Holder, Astrophys. J. 807, 166 (2015) [arXiv:1410.0691] [Search in SPIRE].

87 B. D. Sherwin and M. Schmittfull, Phys. Rev. D 92, 043005 (2015) [arXiv:1502.05356] [Search in SPIRE].

88 T. Namikawa, D. Yamauchi, B. Sherwin, and R. Nagata, Phys. Rev. D 93, 043527 (2016) [arXiv:1511.04653] [Search in SPIRE].

89 P. Larsen, A. Challinor, B. D. Sherwin, and D. Mak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 151102 (2016) [arXiv:1607.05733] [Search in SPIRE].

90 E. Komatsu et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 180, 330 (2009) [arXiv:0803.0547] [Search in SPIRE].

91 E. Komatsu et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 192, 18 (2011) [arXiv:1001.4538] [Search in SPIRE].

92 Planck Collaboration XXII, Astron. Astrophys. 571, A22 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5082] [Search in SPIRE].

93 Planck Collaboration XX, Astron. Astrophys. 594, A20 (2016) [arXiv:1502.02114] [Search in SPIRE].

94 Planck Collaboration X, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A10 (2020) [arXiv:1807.06211] [Search in SPIRE].

95 K. T. Story et al., Astrophys. J. 779, 86 (2013) [arXiv:1210.7231] [Search in SPIRE].

96 J. L. Sievers et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1310, 060 (2013) [arXiv:1301.0824] [Search in SPIRE].

97 K. Aylor et al., Astrophys. J. 850, 101 (2017) [arXiv:1706.10286] [Search in SPIRE].

98 T. Louis et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1706, 031 (2017) [arXiv:1610.02360] [Search in SPIRE].

99 L. Kofman, A. D. Linde, and A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3195 (1994) [arXiv:hep-th/9405187] [Search in SPIRE].

100 L. Kofman, A. D. Linde, and A. A. Starobinsky, Phys. Rev. D 56, 3258 (1997) [arXiv:hep-ph/9704452] [Search in SPIRE].

101 K. D. Lozanov, Lectures on Reheating after Inflation (2019) [arXiv:1907.04402] [Search in SPIRE].
102 J. M. Bardeen, Phys. Rev. D **22**, 1882 (1980).

103 S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D **67**, 123504 (2003) [arXiv:astro-ph/0302326] [Search inSPIRE].

104 S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D **70**, 043541 (2004) [arXiv:astro-ph/0401313] [Search inSPIRE].

105 L. F. Abbott and M. B. Wise, Nucl. Phys. B **244**, 541 (1984).

106 G. Obied, H. Ooguri, L. Spodyneiko, and C. Vafa, [arXiv:1806.08362] [Search inSPIRE].

107 A. D. Linde, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1702**, 006 (2017) [arXiv:1612.00020] [Search inSPIRE].

108 V. Mukhanov, Eur. Phys. J. C **73**, 2486 (2013) [arXiv:1303.3925] [Search inSPIRE].

109 D. Roest, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1401**, 007 (2014) [arXiv:1309.1285] [Search inSPIRE].

110 P. Creminelli, S. Dubovsky, D. López Nacir, M. Simonović, G. Trevisan, G. Villadoro, and M. Zaldarriaga, Phys. Rev. D **92**, 123528 (2015) [arXiv:1412.0678] [Search inSPIRE].

111 L. Boubekeur and D. H. Lyth, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **0507**, 010 (2005) [arXiv:hep-ph/0502047] [Search inSPIRE].

112 F. L. Bezrukov and M. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Lett. B **659**, 703 (2008) [arXiv:0710.3755] [Search inSPIRE].

113 G. Ballesteros, J. Redondo, A. Ringwald, and C. Tamarit, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1708**, 001 (2017) [arXiv:1610.01639] [Search inSPIRE].

114 E. Komatsu and T. Futamase, Phys. Rev. D **59**, 064029 (1999) [arXiv:astro-ph/9901127] [Search inSPIRE].

115 M. Cicoli, C. P. Burgess, and F. Quevedo, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **0903**, 013 (2009) [arXiv:0808.0691] [Search inSPIRE].

116 S. Ferrara and R. Kallosh, Phys. Rev. D **94**, 126015 (2016) [arXiv:1610.04163] [Search inSPIRE].

117 R. Kallosh, A. D. Linde, T. Wrase, and Y. Yamada, J. High Energy Phys. **1704**, 144 (2017) [arXiv:1704.04829] [Search inSPIRE].

118 R. Kallosh, A. D. Linde, and D. Roest, J. High Energy Phys. **1311**, 198 (2013) [arXiv:1311.0472] [Search inSPIRE].

119 J. J. M. Carrasco, R. Kallosh, and A. D. Linde, J. High Energy Phys. **1510**, 147 (2015) [arXiv:1506.01708] [Search inSPIRE].

120 R. Kallosh, A. D. Linde, and D. Roest, J. High Energy Phys. **1408**, 052 (2014) [arXiv:1405.3646] [Search inSPIRE].

121 A. B. Goncharov and A. D. Linde, Phys. Lett. B **139**, 27 (1984).

122 A. S. Goncharov and A. D. Linde, Sov. Phys. JETP **59**, 930 (1984). Available at http://www.jetp.ru/as.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_059_05_0930.pdf.

123 T. P. Sotiriou and V. Faraoni, Rev. Mod. Phys. **82**, 451 (2010) [arXiv:0805.1726] [Search inSPIRE].

124 A. De Felice and S. Tsujikawa, Living Rev. Relativ. **13**, 3 (2010) [arXiv:1002.4928] [Search inSPIRE].

125 W. E. East, M. Kleban, A. D. Linde, and L. Senatore, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1609**, 010 (2016) [arXiv:1511.05143] [Search inSPIRE].

126 K. Clough, E. A. Lim, B. S. DiNunno, W. Fischler, R. Flauger, and S. Paban, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1709**, 025 (2017) [arXiv:1608.04408] [Search inSPIRE].

127 K. Clough, R. Flauger, and E. A. Lim, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1805**, 065 (2018) [arXiv:1712.07352] [Search inSPIRE].

128 J. C. Aurrekoetxea, K. Clough, R. Flauger, and E. A. Lim, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2005**, 030 (2020) [arXiv:1910.12547] [Search inSPIRE].

129 E. Komatsu, Nat. Rev. Phys. **4**, 452 (2022) [arXiv:2202.13919] [Search inSPIRE].

130 T. Hiramatsu, E. Komatsu, M. Hazumi, and M. Sasaki, Phys. Rev. D **97**, 123511 (2018) [arXiv:1803.00176] [Search inSPIRE].

131 P. Campeti, D. Poletti, and C. Baccigalupi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1909**, 055 (2019) [arXiv:1905.08200] [Search inSPIRE].

132 M. Shiraishi, C. Hikage, R. Namba, T. Namikawa, and M. Hazumi, Phys. Rev. D **94**, 043506 (2016) [arXiv:1606.06082] [Search inSPIRE].

133 A. Agrawal, T. Fujita, and E. Komatsu, Phys. Rev. D **97**, 103526 (2018) [arXiv:1707.03023] [Search inSPIRE].

134 A. Agrawal, T. Fujita, and E. Komatsu, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1806**, 027 (2018) [arXiv:1802.09284] [Search inSPIRE].

135 E. Dimastrogiovanni, M. Fasiello, R. J. Hardwick, H. Assadullahi, K. Koyama, and D. Wands, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1811**, 029 (2018) [arXiv:1806.05474] [Search inSPIRE].
136 L. Sorbo, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1106**, 003 (2011) [arXiv:1101.1525] [Search inSPIRE].

137 B. Thorne, T. Fujita, M. Hazumi, N. Katayama, E. Komatsu, and M. Shiraishi, Phys. Rev. D **97**, 043506 (2018) [arXiv:1707.03240] [Search inSPIRE].

138 M. Shiraishi, Front. Astron. Space Sci. **6**, 49 (2019) [arXiv:1905.12485] [Search inSPIRE].

139 N. Bartolo and G. Orlando, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1707**, 034 (2017) [arXiv:1706.04627] [Search inSPIRE].

140 N. Bartolo, G. Orlando, and M. Shiraishi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1901**, 050 (2019) [arXiv:1809.11170] [Search inSPIRE].

141 J. L. Cook and L. Sorbo, Phys. Rev. D **85**, 023534 (2012); **86**, 069901 (2012) [erratum][arXiv:1109.0022] [Search inSPIRE].

142 D. Carney, W. Fischler, E. D. Kovetz, D. Lorshbough, and S. Paban, J. High Energy Phys. **1211**, 042 (2012) [arXiv:1209.3848] [Search inSPIRE].

143 M. Biagetti, M. Fasiello, and A. Riotto, Phys. Rev. D **88**, 103518 (2013) [arXiv:1305.7241] [Search inSPIRE].

144 L. Senatore, E. Silverstein, and M. Zaldarriaga, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1408**, 016 (2014) [arXiv:1109.0542] [Search inSPIRE].

145 M. M. Anber and L. Sorbo, Phys. Rev. D **85**, 123537 (2012) [arXiv:1203.5849] [Search inSPIRE].

146 N. Barnaby and M. Peloso, Phys. Rev. Lett. **106**, 181301 (2011) [arXiv:1011.1500] [Search inSPIRE].

147 N. Barnaby, J. Moxon, R. Namba, M. Peloso, G. Shiu, and P. Zhou, Phys. Rev. D **86**, 103508 (2012) [arXiv:1206.6117] [Search inSPIRE].

148 M. Peloso, L. Sorbo, and C. Unal, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1609**, 001 (2016) [arXiv:1606.00459] [Search inSPIRE].

149 P. Campeti, O. Özsoy, I. Obata, and M. Shiraishi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2207**, 039 (2022) [arXiv:2203.03401] [Search inSPIRE].

150 A. Maleknejad and M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari, Phys. Rev. D **84**, 043515 (2011) [arXiv:1102.1932] [Search inSPIRE].

151 A. Maleknejad and M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari, Phys. Lett. B **723**, 224 (2013) [arXiv:1102.1513] [Search inSPIRE].

152 E. Dimastrogiovanni and M. Peloso, Phys. Rev. D **87**, 103501 (2013) [arXiv:1212.5184] [Search inSPIRE].

153 P. Adshead, E. Martinec, and M. Wyman, J. High Energy Phys. **1309**, 087 (2013) [arXiv:1305.2930] [Search inSPIRE].

154 P. Adshead, E. Martinec, and M. Wyman, Phys. Rev. D **88**, 021302 (2013) [arXiv:1301.2598] [Search inSPIRE].

155 A. Maleknejad, J. High Energy Phys. **1607**, 104 (2016) [arXiv:1604.03327] [Search inSPIRE].

156 I. Obata and J. Soda, Phys. Rev. D **93**, 123502 (2016) [arXiv:1602.06024] [Search inSPIRE].

157 E. Dimastrogiovanni, M. Fasiello, and T. Fujita, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1701**, 019 (2017) [arXiv:1608.04216] [Search inSPIRE].

158 A. Maleknejad, M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari, and J. Soda, Phys. Rept. **528**, 161 (2013) [arXiv:1212.2921] [Search inSPIRE].

159 T. Fujita, E. I. Sfakianakis, and M. Shiraishi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1905**, 057 (2019) [arXiv:1812.03667] [Search inSPIRE].

160 P. Campeti, E. Komatsu, D. Poletti, and C. Baccigalupi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2101**, 012 (2021) [arXiv:2007.04241] [Search inSPIRE].

161 C. J. Moore, R. H. Cole, and C. P. L. Berry, Classical Quantum Gravity **32**, 015014 (2015) [arXiv:1408.0740] [Search inSPIRE].

162 Z. Arzoumanian et al., Astrophys. J. **859**, 47 (2018) [arXiv:1801.02617] [Search inSPIRE].

163 Z. Arzoumanian et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. **905**, L34 (2020) [arXiv:2009.04496] [Search inSPIRE].

164 S. Bharadwaj and T. Guha Sarkar, Phys. Rev. D **79**, 124003 (2009) [arXiv:0901.3655] [Search inSPIRE].

165 M. Hazumi, AIP Conf. Ser. **1040**, 78 (2008).

166 M. Hazumi, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. **190**, 75 (2011).

167 M. Hazumi et al., LiteBIRD: a small satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and inflation from cosmic background radiation detection, SPIE Conf. Ser. 8442, Space Telescopes and In-
strumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, eds. M. C. Clampin et al., p. 844219 (2012).

168 T. Matsumura et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. **176**, 733 (2014) [arXiv:1311.2847] [Search in SPIRE].

169 T. Matsumura et al., LiteBIRD: mission overview and design tradeoffs, SPIE Conf. Ser. 9143, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, eds. J. Oschmann et al., p. 91431F (2014).

170 M. Tristram et al., Phys. Rev. D **105**, 083524 (2022) [arXiv:2112.07961] [Search in SPIRE].

171 P. Campeti and E. Komatsu, Astrophys. J. **941**, 110 (2022) [arXiv:2205.05617] [Search in SPIRE].

172 P. Diego-Palazuelos, P. Vielva, E. Martínez-González, and R. B. Barreiro, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2011**, 058 (2020) [arXiv:2006.12935] [Search in SPIRE].

173 S. Mori, A. Saito, M. Arita, M. Okada, A. Sato, M. Niitsu, and T. Nara, AIAA 2016-2531 (2016).

174 H. Takakura, Y. Sekimoto, J. Inatani, S. Kashima, H. Imada, T. Hasebe, T. Kaga, Y. Takeda, and N. Okada, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. **9**, 598 (2019).

175 T. de Haan, G. Smecher, and M. Dobbs, Improved performance of TES bolometers using digital feedback, in Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, ed. W. S. Holland (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2012) [arXiv:1210.04967].

176 J. Montgomery, Digital frequency domain multiplexing readout: design and performance of the SPT-3G instrument and LiteBIRD satellite readout, Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, Canada (2020).

177 T. Ghigna, T. Matsumura, G. Patanchon, H. Ishino, and M. Hazumi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2011**, 030 (2020) [arXiv:2004.11601] [Search in SPIRE].

178 Y. Sekimoto, The LiteBIRD Joint Study Group, Concept Design of Low Frequency Telescope for CMB B-mode Polarization satellite LiteBIRD, in Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2020).

179 B. E. Bernacki, J. F. Kelly, D. Sheen, B. Hatchell, P. Valdez, J. Tedeschi, T. Hall, and D. McMakin, Wide-field-of-view millimeter-wave telescope design with ultra-low cross-polarization, SPIE Conf. Ser. 8362, p. 836207 (2012).

180 S. Kashima, M. Hazumi, H. Imada, N. Katayama, T. Matsumura, Y. Sekimoto, and H. Sugai, Appl. Opt. **57**, 4171 (2018) [arXiv:1712.05139] [Search in SPIRE].

181 TK-RAM, and. R Wylde Space qualified Tessellating TeraHertz RAMs for the 50 to 1000 GHz Region and beyond, http://www.terahertz.co.uk/tk-instruments/products/tesselatingterahertzram.

182 J. Saily and A. V. Raisanen, Int. J. Infrared Millim. Waves **25**, 71 (2004).

183 Z. Xu et al. Appl. Opt. **60**, 864 (2021) [arXiv:2010.02233] [Search in SPIRE].

184 M. Petroff et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. **90**, 024701 (2019) [arXiv:1808.00820].

185 NASA outgassing data, https://outgassing.nasa.gov/Description.

186 GRASP10, https://www.ticra.com/software/grasp/.

187 H. Imada et al., The optical design and physical optics analysis of a cross-Dragonian telescope for LiteBIRD, SPIE Conf. Ser. 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, eds. M. Lystrup et al., p. 106984K (2018).

188 J. Klein et al., A cryogenic half-wave plate polarimeter using a superconducting magnetic bearing, SPIE Conf. Ser. 8150, Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments XIII, eds. J. B. Heaney and E. T. Kvamme, p. 31 (2011).

189 C. A. Hill et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. **91**, 124503 (2020).

190 A. M. Ali et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. **200**, 461 (2020).

191 Y. Sakurai et al., Breadboard model of the polarization modulator unit based on a continuously rotating half-wave plate for the low-frequency telescope of the LiteBIRD space mission, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11453, p. 114534E (2020).

192 R. Takaku et al., J. Appl. Phys. **128**, 225302 (2020).

193 R. Takaku et al., Demonstration of anti-reflective structures over a large area for CMB polarization experiments, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11453, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X, eds. J. Zmuidzinas and J.-R. Gao, p. 236 (2020).

194 K. Komatsu, T. Matsumura, H. Imada, H. Ishino, N. Katayama, and Y. Sakurai, J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. **5**(4) 044008 (2019).
195 K. Komatsu et al., Demonstration of five-layer phase-flat achromatic half-wave plate with anti-reflective structures and superconducting magnetic bearing for CMB polarization experiments, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11453, p. 779 (2020).

196 K. Komatsu, H. Ishino, N. Katayama, T. Matsumura, Y. Sakurai, and R. Takaku, Design of the frequency independent optic axis of the Pancharatnam base achromatic half-wave plate for CMB polarization experiment, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11453, p. 750 (2020).

197 T. Toda, H. Ishino, K. Komatsu, T. Matsumura, Y. Sakurai, and N. Katayama, Mechanical strength and millimeter-wave transmission spectrum of stacked sapphire plates bonded by sodium silicate solution, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11453, p. 788 (2020).

198 Y. Sakurai et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1293, 012083 (2019).

199 S. Sugiyama et al., Evaluation of reconstructed angular error of a continuous rotating HWP for LiteBIRD, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11443, p. 1099 (2020).

200 L. Montier et al., Overview of the medium and high frequency telescopes of the LiteBIRD space mission, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11443, p. 114432G (2020) [arXiv:2102.00809] [Search inSPIRE].

201 P. A. R. Ade et al., Astrophys. J. 806, 206 (2015) [arXiv:1502.00596] [Search inSPIRE].

202 R. Gualtieri et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 193, 1112 (2018).

203 L. Lamagna et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 200, 374 (2020).

204 J. E. Gudmundsson et al., Appl. Opt. 60, 823 (2021).

205 L. Lamagna et al., The optical design of the LiteBIRD middle and high frequency telescope, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11443, p. 1144370 (2020) [arXiv:2101.03833] [Search inSPIRE].

206 B. R. Johnson et al., Astrophys. J. 665, 42 (2007).

207 B. Reichborn-Kjennerud et al., EBEX: a balloon-borne CMB polarization experiment, SPIE Conf. Ser. 7741, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V, 77411C (2010). [arXiv:1007.3672].

208 C. A. Hill et al., Design and development of an ambient-temperature continuously-rotating achromatic half-wave plate for CMB polarization modulation on the POLARBEAR-2 experiment, SPIE Conf. Ser. 9914, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, eds. W. S. Holland and J. Zmuidzinas, p. 99142U (2016) [arXiv:1607.07399] [Search inSPIRE].

209 A. Ritacco et al., A&A 599, A34 (2017).

210 G. Pisano, C. Tucker, P. A. R. Ade, P. Moseley, and M. W. Ng, Metal mesh based metamaterials for millimetre wave and THz astronomy applications, 8th UK, Europe, China Millimeter Waves and THz Technology Workshop (UCMMT), p. 1 (2015).

211 G. Pisano, M. W. Ng, V. Haynes, and B. Maffei, Prog. Electromagn. Res. M, 25, 101 (2012).

212 G. Pisano et al., Development of large radii half-wave plates for CMB satellite missions, SPIE Conf. Ser. 9153, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII, p. 915317 (2014) [arXiv:1409.8516] [Search inSPIRE].

213 G. Pisano et al., Astron. Astrophys. 658, A24 (2022) [arXiv:2006.12081] [Search inSPIRE].

214 F. Columbro et al., Astron. Nachr. 340, 83 (2019) [arXiv:1904.01891] [Search inSPIRE].

215 B. Johnson, F. Columbro, D. Araujo, M. Limon, B. Smiley, G. Jones, B. Reichborn-Kjennerud, A. Miller, and S. Gupta, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 105102 (2017).

216 P. de Bernardis, F. Columbro, S. Masi, A. Paiella, and G. Romeo, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 045118 (2020).

217 F. Columbro, P. de Bernardis, L. Lamagna, S. Masi, A. Paiella, F. Piacentini, and G. Pisano, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11443, p. 114436Z (2020) [arXiv:2101.05188] [Search inSPIRE].

218 M. Salatino, P. de Bernardis, and S. Masi, Astron. Astrophys. 528, A138 (2011) [arXiv:1006.5392] [Search inSPIRE].

219 F. Columbro, P. de Bernardis, and S. Masi, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 125004 (2018).

220 E. J. Wollack, R. E. Kinzer, and S. A. Rinehart, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 044707 (2014) [arXiv:1403.6667] [Search inSPIRE].

221 E. J. Wollack, A. M. Datesman, C. A. Jhabvala, K. H. Miller, and M. A. Quijada, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 054701 (2016) [arXiv:1604.03780] [Search inSPIRE].

222 B. Westbrook et al., Detector fabrication development for the LiteBIRD satellite mission, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11443, p. 114435Q (2020) [arXiv:2101.05306] [Search inSPIRE].
223 K. Arnold et al., The POLARBEAR CMB polarization experiment, SPIE Conf. Ser. 7741, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V, p. 77411E (2010).

224 A. Catalano et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. **176**, 773 (2014) [arXiv:1403.5639].

225 S. M. Beckman et al., Development of cosmic ray mitigation techniques for the LiteBIRD space mission, SPIE Conf. Ser. 10708, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX, eds. J. Zmuidzinas and J.-R. Gao, p.107081T (2018).

226 M. A. Dobbs et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. **83**, 073113 (2012).

227 M. Dobbs, E. Bissonnette, and H. Spieler, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., **55**, 21 (2008) [arXiv:0708.2762] [Search in SPIRE].

228 D. Kaneko et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. **199**, 1137 (2020).

229 A. N. Bender et al., Digital frequency domain multiplexing readout electronics for the next generation of millimeter telescopes, in Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII, eds. W. S. Holland and J. Zmuidzinas SPIE, Bellingham, WA, (2014).

230 A. N. Bender et al., Year two instrument status of the SPT-3G cosmic microwave background receiver, in Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX, eds. J. Zmuidzinas and J.-R. Gao SPIE, Bellingham, WA, (2018).

231 M. Abitbol et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **239**, 8 (2018).

232 J. Montgomery, Development of multiplexed bolometer readout electronics for mm-wave space astronomy, Master's thesis, McGill University, Canada (2015).

233 M. Silva-Feaver et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. **193**, 600 (2018).

234 T. Hasebe, Y. Sekimoto, T. Dotani, K. Mitsuda, K. Shinozaki, and S. Yoshida, J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. **5**, 044002 (2019).

235 Y. Pennec, J. Butterworth, G. Coleiro, P. Barbier, S. Martin, and P. Crespi, Cryocoolers **19**, 43 (2016). Available at https://cryocooler.org/resources/Documents/C19/043.pdf#page=1.

236 Y. Sato et al., Cryogenics **50**, 500 (2010).

237 ASTRO-H SXS Team, Cryogenics **52**, 158 (2012).

238 Y. Sato et al., Cryogenics **64**, 182 (2014).

239 Y. Sato, K. Sawada, K. Shinozaki, H. Sugita, K. Mitsuda, N. Y. Yamasaki, T. Nakagawa, S. Tsunematsu, K. Ootsuka, and K. Narasaki, Cryogenics **74**, 47 (2016).

240 T. Prouvé, J. M. Duval, I. Charles, N. Y. Yamasaki, K. Mitsuda, T. Nakagawa, K. Shinozaki, C. Tokoku, R. Yamamoto, Y. Minami, M. Le Du, J. Andre, C. Daniel, and M. Linder, Cryogenics **112**, 103144 (2020).

241 J. M. Duval et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. **199**, 730 (2020).

242 Planck Collaboration IV. Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A4 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01584] [Search in SPIRE E].

243 Planck Collaboration VII, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A7 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01586] [Search in SPIRE E].

244 M. Maris et al., Astron. Astrophys. **647**, A104 (2021) [arXiv:2012.04504].

245 Planck Collaboration LII, Astron. Astrophys. **607**, A122 (2017) [arXiv:1612.07151] [Search in SPIRE].

246 Planck Collaboration VII, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A7 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5068] [Search in SPIRE].

247 Planck Collaboration IX, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A9 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5070] [Search in SPIRE].

248 P. A. R. Ade et al., Astron. Astrophys. **520**, A11 (2010).

249 F. Pajot et al., Astron. Astrophys. **520**, A10 (2010).

250 P. Vielva et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2204**, 029 (2022) [arXiv:2202.01324] [Search in SPIRE].

251 Y. Minami, H. Ochi, K. Ichiki, N. Katayama, E. Komatsu, and T. Matsumura, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. **2019**, 083E02 (2019) [arXiv:1904.12440] [Search in SPIRE].

252 Y. Minami, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. **2020**, 063E01 (2020) [arXiv:2002.03572] [Search in SPIRE].

253 Y. Minami and E. Komatsu, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. **2020**, 103E02 (2020) [arXiv:2006.15982] [Search in SPIRE].

254 N. Krachmalnicoff et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2201**, 039 (2022) [arXiv:2111.09140] [Search in SPIRE].
255 B. Keating, M. Shimon, and A. Yadav, Astrophys. J. 762, L23 (2012) [arXiv:1211.5734 [Search in SPIRE]].

256 K. M. Huffenberger, A. Rotti, and D. C. Collins, Astrophys. J. 899, 31 (2020) [arXiv:1906.10052 [Search inSPIRE]].

257 S. E. Clark, C.-G. Kim, J. C. Hill, and B. S. Hensley, Astrophys. J. 919, 53 (2021) [arXiv:2105.00120 [Search inSPIRE]].

258 S. Naess et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1410, 007 (2014) [arXiv:1405.5524 [Search inSPIRE]].

259 Polarbear Collaboration, Astrophys. J. 794, 171 (2014) [arXiv:1403.2369 [Search inSPIRE]].

260 A. Ritacco et al., Astron. Astrophys. 616, A35 (2018) [arXiv:1804.09581 [Search inSPIRE]].

261 J. L. Weiland et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 192, 19 (2011) [arXiv:1001.4731 [Search inSPIRE]].

262 Planck Collaboration XXVI, Astron. Astrophys. 594, A26 (2016) [arXiv:1507.02058 [Search in SPIRE]].

263 J. Aumont et al., Astron. Astrophys. 514, A70 (2010) [arXiv:0912.1751 [Search inSPIRE]].

264 J. Aumont, J. F. Macías-Pérez, A. Ritacco, N. Ponthieu, and A. Mangilli, Astron. Astrophys. 634, A100 (2020).

265 P. Friberg, P. Bastien, D. Berry, G. Savini, S. F. Graves, and K. Pattle, POL-2: a polarimeter for the James-Clerk-Maxwell telescope, SPIE Conf. Ser. 9914, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, eds. W. S. Holland and J. Zmuidzinas, p. 991403 (2016).

266 P. Bolli et al., J. Astron. Instrum. 04, 1550008 (2015).

267 S. Masi, P. de Bernardis, F. Columbro, A. Coppolecchia, G. D'Alessandro, L. Mele, A. Paiella, and F. Piacentini, Astrophys. J. 921, 34 (2021) [arXiv:2106.04841 [Search inSPIRE]].

268 Planck Collaboration II, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A2 (2020) [arXiv:1807.06206 [Search inSPIRE]].

269 Planck Collaboration III, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A3 (2020) [arXiv:1807.06207 [Search inSPIRE]].

270 C. Rosset et al., Astron. Astrophys. 520, A13 (2010) [arXiv:1004.2595 [Search inSPIRE]].

271 Planck Collaboration XLVI, Astron. Astrophys. 596, A107 (2016) [arXiv:1605.02985 [Search in SPIRE]].

272 A. Suzuki, Multichroic Bolometric Detector Architecture for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimetry Experiments, Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley (2013).

273 G. Savini, P. A. R. Ade, J. House, G. Pisano, V. Haynes et al., Appl. Opt. 48, 2006 (2009).

274 C. Bao et al., Astrophys. J. 747, 97 (2012) [arXiv:1112.3057 [Search inSPIRE]].

275 F. J. Casas, E. Martínez-González, J. Bermejo-Ballesteros, S. García, J. Cubas, P. Vielva, R. B. Barreiro, and A. Sanz, Sensors 21(10) 3361 (2021).

276 D. T. Hoang, G. Patanchon, M. Bucher, T. Matsumura, R. Banerji, H. Ishino, M. Hazumi, and J. Delabrouille, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1712, 015 (2017) [arXiv:1706.09486 [Search inSPIRE]].

277 J. E. Gudmundsson, Appl. Opt. 59, 3324 (2020) [arXiv:1911.13153 [Search inSPIRE]].

278 K. M. Gorski, E. Hivon, A. J. Banday, B. D. Wandelt, F. K. Hansen, M. Reinecke, and M. Bartelman, Astrophys. J. 622, 759 (2005) [arXiv:astro-ph/0409513 [Search inSPIRE]].

279 Planck Collaboration VI, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A6 (2020) [arXiv:1807.06209 [Search inSPIRE]].

280 B. Thorne, J. Dunkley, D. Alonso, and S. Næss, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 469, 2821 (2017) [arXiv:1608.02841 [Search inSPIRE]].

281 A. Zonca, B. Thorne, N. Krachmalnicoff, and J. Borrill, The Python Sky Model 3 software. J. Open Source Software, 6(67), 3783, (2021). [arXiv:2108.01444 [Search inSPIRE]].

282 N. Krachmalnicoff et al., Astron. Astrophys. 618, A166 (2018) [arXiv:1802.01145 [Search inSPIRE]].

283 G. Puglisi, V. Galluzzi, L. Bonavera, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, A. Lapi, M. Massardi, F. Perrotta, C. Baccigalupi, A. Celotti, and L. Danese, Astrophys. J. 858, 85 (2018).

284 Z. Li, G. Puglisi, M. S. Madhavacheril, and M. A. Alvarez J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2208, 029 (2022) [arXiv:2110.15357 [Search inSPIRE]].

285 G. Prézeau and M. Reinecke, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 190, 267 (2010).

286 R. Stompor, S. M. Leach, F. Stivoli, and C. Baccigalupi, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 392, 216 (2009) [arXiv:0804.2645 [Search inSPIRE]].
287 R. Stompor, J. Errard, and D. Poletti, Phys. Rev. D **94**, 083526 (2016) [arXiv:1609.03807] [Search inSPIRE].

288 J. Errard and R. Stompor, Phys. Rev. D **99**, 043529 (2019) [arXiv:1811.00479] [Search inSPIRE].

289 Planck Collaboration XIII, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A13 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01589] [Search inSPIRE].

290 M. Hazumi et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. **194**, 443 (2019).

291 R. Banerji, G. Patanchon, J. Delabrouille, M. Hazumi, D. Thuong Hoang, H. Ishino, and T. Matsumura, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1907**, 043 (2019) [arXiv:1902.00569] [Search inSPIRE].

292 T. Ghigna, Development of new generation receivers for experimental cosmology with the cosmic microwave background and systematic effect studies, D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford (2020).

293 S. Hamimeche and A. Lewis, Phys. Rev. D **77**, 103013 (2008).

294 E. M. Bierman et al., Astrophys. J. **741**, 81 (2011).

295 E. Hivon, S. Mottet, and N. Ponthieu, Astron. Astrophys. **598**, A25 (2017).

296 Planck Collaboration X, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A10 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5071] [Search inSPIRE].

297 M. Tominaga, M. Tsujimoto, S. L. Stever, T. Ghigna, H. Ishino, and K. Ebisawa, Simulation of the cosmic ray effects for the LiteBIRD satellite observing the CMB B-mode polarization, SPIE Conf. Ser. 11453, p. 114532 (2020) [arXiv:2101.08410] [Search inSPIRE].

298 S. L. Stever et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2109**, 013 (2021) [arXiv:2107.00473] [Search inSP IRE].

299 I. G. Usoskin, K. Mursula, H. Kananen, and G. A. Kovaltsov, Adv. Space Res. **27**, 571 (2001).

300 D. O'Dea, A. Challinor, and B. R. Johnson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **376**, 1767 (2007).

301 A. B. Sean, E. M. Thomas, and E. R. John, Appl. Opt. **49**, 6313 (2010).

302 J. P. Leahy et al., Astron. Astrophys. **520**, A8 (2010).

303 G. Patanchon et al., Astrophys. J. **681**, 708 (2008) [arXiv:0711.3462] [Search inSPIRE].

304 G. de Gasperis et al., Astron. Astrophys. **593**, A15 (2016) [arXiv:1601.04464] [Search inSPIRE].

305 A. J. Duivenvoorden, A. E. Adler, M. Billi, N. Dachlythra, and J. E. Gudmundsson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **502**, 4526 (2021) [arXiv:2012.10437] [Search inSPIRE].

306 S. Giardiello et al., Astron. Astrophys. **658**, A15 (2022).

307 G. Puglisi, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, and J. D. Borrill, Res. Notes Am. Astron. Soc. **5**, 137 (2021).

308 J. Montgomery et al., J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. **8**, 014001 (2022) [arXiv:2103.16017] [Search inSPIRE].

309 M. Kesden, A. Cooray, and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. **89**, 011304 (2002) [arXiv:astro-ph/0202434] [Search inSPIRE].

310 L. Knox and Y.-S. Song, Phys. Rev. Lett. **89**, 011303 (2002) [arXiv:astro-ph/0202286] [Search inSP IRE].

311 U. Seljak and C. M. Hirata, Phys. Rev. D **69**, 043005 (2004) [arXiv:astro-ph/0310163] [Search inSPIRE].

312 K. M. Smith et al., AIP Conf. Proc. **1141**, 121 (2009) [arXiv:0811.3916] [Search inSPIRE].

313 B. Yu, J. C. Hill, and B. D. Sherwin, Phys. Rev. D **96**, 123511 (2017) [arXiv:1705.02332] [Search inSPIRE].

314 R. Génova-Santos et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **452**, 4169 (2015) [arXiv:1501.04491] [Search inSPIRE].

315 R. Génova-Santos et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **464**, 4107 (2017) [arXiv:1605.04741] [Search inSPIRE].

316 M. O. Irfan et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **448**, 3572 (2015) [arXiv:1501.06069] [Search inSP IRE].

317 J. E. Gunn and B. A. Peterson, Astrophys. J. **142**, 1633 (1965).

318 X.-H. Fan et al., Astron. J. **132**, 117 (2006) [arXiv:astro-ph/0512082] [Search inSPIRE].

319 J. S. Bolton et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **416**, L70 (2011) [arXiv:1106.6089] [Search inSPIRE].

320 R. Chornock, E. Berger, D. B. Fox, R. Lunnan, M. R. Drout, W.-F. Fong, T. Laskar, and K. C. Roth, Astrophys. J. **774**, 26 (2013) [arXiv:1306.3949] [Search inSPIRE].

321 I. McGreer, A. Mesinger, and V. D'Odorico, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **447**, 499 (2015) [arXiv:1411.5375] [Search inSPIRE].

322 R. Barkana and A. Loeb, Phys. Rept. **349**, 125 (2001) [arXiv:astro-ph/0010468] [Search inSPIRE].
323 B. E. Robertson, R. S. Ellis, S. R. Furlanetto, and J. S. Dunlop, Astrophys. J. Lett. **802**, L19 (2015) [arXiv:1502.02024] [Search in SPIRE].

324 M. Ishigaki, R. Kawamata, M. Ouchi, M. Oguri, K. Shimasaku, and Y. Ono, Astrophys. J. **854**, 73 (2018).

325 S. Furlanetto, S. P. Oh, and F. Briggs, Phys. Rept. **433**, 181 (2006) [arXiv:astro-ph/0608032] [Search in SPIRE].

326 H. Park, P. R. Shapiro, E. Komatsu, I. T. Iliev, K. Ahn, and G. Mellema, Astrophys. J. **769**, 93 (2013) [arXiv:1301.3607] [Search in SPIRE].

327 R. A. Sunyaev and Ya. B. Zeldovich, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **190**, 413 (1980).

328 Planck Collaboration XLVII, Astron. Astrophys. **596**, A108 (2016) [arXiv:1605.03507] [Search in SPIRE].

329 Planck Collaboration LVII, Astron. Astrophys. **643**, A42 (2020) [arXiv:2007.04997] [Search in SPIRE].

330 M. Lattanzi, C. Burigana, M. Gerbino, A. Gruppuso, N. Mandolesi, P. Natoli, G. Polenta, L. Salvati, and T. Trombetti, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1702**, 041 (2017) [arXiv:1611.01123] [Search in SPIRE].

331 D. N. Spergel et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **148**, 175 (2003) [arXiv:astro-ph/0302209] [Search in SPIRE].

332 Planck Collaboration XV, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A15 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5075] [Search in SPIRE].

333 J. L. Weiland, K. Osumi, G. E. Addison, C. L. Bennett, D. J. Watts, M. Halpern, and G. Hinshaw, Astrophys. J. **863**, 161 (2018) [arXiv:1801.01226] [Search in SPIRE].

334 L. Pagano, J. M. Delouis, S. Mottet, J. L. Puget, and L. Vibert, Astron. Astrophys. **635**, A99 (2020) [arXiv:1908.09856] [Search in SPIRE].

335 U. Natale, L. Pagano, M. Lattanzi, M. Migliaccio, L. P. Colombo, A. Gruppuso, P. Natoli, and G. Polenta, Astron. Astrophys. **644**, A32 (2020) [arXiv:2005.05600] [Search in SPIRE].

336 E. Di Valentino et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1804**, 017 (2018) [arXiv:1612.00021] [Search in SPIRE].

337 R. De Belsunce, S. Gratton, W. Coulton, and G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **507**, 1072 (2021) [arXiv:2103.14378] [Search in SPIRE].

338 M. Zaldarriaga, L. Colombo, E. Komatsu, A. Lidz, M. Mortonson, S. P. Oh, E. Pierpaoli, L. Verde, and O. Zahn, [arXiv:0811.3918] [Search in SPIRE].

339 R. Barkana and A. Loeb, Rept. Prog. Phys. **70**, 627 (2007) [arXiv:astro-ph/0611541] [Search in SPIRE].

340 S. Furlanetto and A. Loeb, Astrophys. J. **634**, 1 (2005) [arXiv:astro-ph/0409656] [Search in SPIRE].

341 D. K. Hazra, D. Paoletti, F. Finelli, and G. F. Smoot, Phys. Rev. Lett. **125**, 071301 (2020) [arXiv:1904.01547] [Search in SPIRE].

342 V. Miranda, A. Lidz, C. H. Heinrich, and W. Hu, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **467**, 4050 (2017) [arXiv:1610.00691] [Search in SPIRE].

343 G. Obied, C. Dvorkin, C. Heinrich, W. Hu, and V. Miranda, Phys. Rev. D **98**, 043518 (2018) [arXiv:1803.01858] [Search in SPIRE].

344 D. Paoletti, D. K. Hazra, F. Finelli, and G. F. Smoot, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2009**, 005 (2020) [arXiv:2005.12222] [Search in SPIRE].

345 D. K. Hazra, D. Paoletti, F. Finelli, and G. F. Smoot, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1809**, 016 (2018) [arXiv:1807.05435] [Search in SPIRE].

346 D. J. Watts, G. E. Addison, C. L. Bennett, and J. L. Weiland, Astrophys. J. **889**, 130 (2020) [arXiv:1910.00590] [Search in SPIRE].

347 A. Roy, A. Lapi, D. Spergel, and C. Baccigalupi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1805**, 014 (2018) [arXiv:1801.02393] [Search in SPIRE].

348 R. Jimenez, T. Kitching, C. Pena-Garay, and L. Verde, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1005**, 035 (2010) [arXiv:1003.5918] [Search in SPIRE].

349 A. C. Hall and A. Challinor, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **425**, 1170 (2012) [arXiv:1205.6172] [Search in SPIRE].

350 S. Hannestad and T. Schwetz, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1611**, 035 (2016) [arXiv:1606.04691] [Search in SPIRE].
351 M. Gerbino, M. Lattanzi, O. Mena, and K. Freese, Phys. Lett. B 775, 239 (2017) [arXiv:1611.07847 [Search inSPIRE]].

352 M. Gerbino and M. Lattanzi, Front. Phys. 5, 70 (2018) [arXiv:1712.07109 [Search inSPIRE]].

353 J. Lesgourgues and S. Pastor, Phys. Rept. 429, 307 (2006) [arXiv:astro-ph/0603494 [Search inSPIRE]].

354 B. Westbrook et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 193, 758 (2018).

355 M. H. Abitbol et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 51, 147 (2019) [arXiv:1907.08284 [Search inSPIRE]].

356 K. Abazajian et al., Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 51, 209 (2019) [arXiv:1908.01062 [Search inSPIRE]].

357 K. Abazajian et al., [arXiv:1907.04473 [Search inSPIRE]].

358 A. Aghamousa et al., The DESI Experiment Part I: Science, Targeting, and Survey Design. United States (2016) [arXiv:1611.00036 [Search inSPIRE]].

359 P. A. Abell et al., LSST Science Collaborations and LSST Project 2009, LSST Science Book, Version 2.0 (2009) [arXiv:0912.0201 [Search inSPIRE]].

360 E. Calabrese, D. Alonso, and J. Dunkley, Phys. Rev. D 95, 063504 (2017) [arXiv:1611.10269 [Search inSPIRE]].

361 J. Errard, S. M. Feeney, H. V. Peiris, and A. H. Jaffe, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1603, 052 (2016) [arXiv:1509.06770 [Search inSPIRE]].

362 S. Henrot-Versillé, F. Couchot, X. Garrido, H. Imada, T. Louis, M. Tristram, and S. Vanneste, Astron. Astrophys. 623, A9 (2019) [arXiv:1807.05003 [Search inSPIRE]].

363 M. S. Turner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2489 (1987); 60, 1101 (1988) [erratum]. Available at https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1101.3.

364 S. Chang and K. Choi, Phys. Lett. B 316, 51 (1993) [arXiv:hep-ph/9306216 [Search inSPIRE]].

365 A. Boyarsky, O. Ruchayskiy, and M. Shaposhnikov, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 59, 191 (2009) [arXiv:0901.0011 [Search inSPIRE]].

366 D. Baumann, D. Green, and B. Wallisch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 171301 (2016) [arXiv:1604.08614 [Search inSPIRE]].

367 M. Kawasaki, K. Kohri, and N. Sugiyama, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4168 (1999) [arXiv:astro-ph/9811437 [Search inSPIRE]].

368 T. L. Smith, E. Pierpaoli, and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 021301 (2006) [arXiv:astro-ph/0603144 [Search inSPIRE]].

369 S. Henrot-Versillé et al., Classical Quantum Gravity 32, 045003 (2015) [arXiv:1408.5299 [Search inSPIRE]].

370 L. Pagano, L. Salvati, and A. Melchiorri, Phys. Lett. B 760, 823 (2016) [arXiv:1508.02393 [Search inSPIRE]].

371 D. J. E. Marsh, Phys. Rept. 643, 1 (2016) [arXiv:1510.07633 [Search inSPIRE]].

372 E. G. M. Ferreira, Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 29, 7 (2021) [arXiv:2005.03254 [Search inSPIRE]].

373 S. M. Carroll, G. B. Field, and R. Jackiw, Phys. Rev. D 41, 1231 (1990).

374 S. M. Carroll and G. B. Field, Phys. Rev. D 43, 3789 (1991).

375 D. Harari and P. Sikivie, Phys. Lett. B 289, 67 (1992).

376 S. M. Carroll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3067 (1998) [arXiv:astro-ph/9806099 [Search inSPIRE]].

377 F. Finelli and M. Galaverni, Phys. Rev. D 79, 063002 (2009) [arXiv:0802.4210 [Search inSPIRE]].

378 T. Fujita, K. Murai, H. Nakatsuka, and S. Tsujikawa, Phys. Rev. D, 103, 043509 (2021) [arXiv:2011.11894 [Search inSPIRE]].

379 E. Y. S. Wu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 161302 (2009) [arXiv:0811.0618 [Search inSPIRE]].

380 V. Gluscevic and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D 81, 123529 (2010) [arXiv:1002.1308 [Search inSPIRE]].

381 P. Diego-Palazuelos et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 091302 (2022) [arXiv:2201.07682 [Search inSPIRE]].

382 M. Li and X. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 78, 103516 (2008) [arXiv:0810.0403 [Search inSPIRE]].

383 M. Pospelov, A. Ritz, and C. Skordis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 051302 (2009) [arXiv:0808.0673 [Search inSPIRE]].

384 M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 111302 (2009) [arXiv:0810.1286 [Search inSPIRE]].

385 A. P. S. Yadav, R. Biswas, M. Su, and M. Zaldarriaga, Phys. Rev. D 79, 123009 (2009) [arXiv:0902.4466 [Search inSPIRE]].

386 T. Namikawa, Phys. Rev. D 95, 043523 (2017) [arXiv:1612.07855 [Search inSPIRE]].
387 D. Contreras, P. Boubel, and D. Scott, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1712**, 046 (2017) [arXiv:1705.06387] [Search inSPIRE].

388 T. Namikawa et al., Phys. Rev. D **101**, 083527 (2020) [arXiv:2001.10465] [Search inSPIRE].

389 F. Bianchini et al., Phys. Rev. D **102**, 083504 (2020) [arXiv:2006.08061] [Search inSPIRE].

390 A. Gruppuso, D. Molinari, P. Natoli, and L. Pagano, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **2011**, 066 (2020) [arXiv:2008.10334] [Search inSPIRE].

391 Ya. B. Zeldovich and R. A. Sunyaev, Astrophys. Space Sci. **4**, 301 (1969).

392 R. A. Sunyaev and Ya. B. Zeldovich, Comments Astrophys. Space Phys. **4**, 173 (1972). Available at https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972CoASP...4..173S/abstract.

393 J. E. Carlstrom, G. P. Holder, and E. D. Reese, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. **40**, 643 (2002) [arXiv:astro-ph/0208192] [Search inSPIRE].

394 T. Kitayama, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. **2014**, 06B111 (2014) [arXiv:1404.0870] [Search inSPIRE].

395 L. E. Bleem et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **216**, 27 (2015) [arXiv:1409.0850] [Search inSPIRE].

396 Planck Collaboration XXVII, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A27 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01598] [Search in SPIRE].

397 M. Hilton et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **253**, 3 (2021) [arXiv:2009.11043] [Search inSPIRE].

398 J. Chluba, D. Nagai, S. Sazonov, and K. Nelson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **426**, 510 (2012) [arXiv:1205.5778] [Search inSPIRE].

399 J. Chluba, E. R. Switzer, D. Nagai, and K. Nelson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **430**, 3054 (2013) [arXiv:1211.3206] [Search inSPIRE].

400 M. Remazeilles, J. Delabrouille, and J.-F. Cardoso, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **410**, 2481 (2011) [arXiv:1006.5599] [Search inSPIRE].

401 M. Remazeilles, J. Delabrouille, and J.-F. Cardoso, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **418**, 467 (2011) [arXiv:1103.1166] [Search inSPIRE].

402 M. Remazeilles, N. Aghanim, and M. Douspis, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **430**, 370 (2013) [arXiv:1207.4683] [Search inSPIRE].

403 G. Hurier, S. R. Hildebrandt, and J. F. Macias-Perez, Astron. Astrophys. **558**, A118 (2013) [arXiv:1007.1149] [Search inSPIRE].

404 Planck Collaboration XXII, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A22 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01596] [Search inSPIRE].

405 M. S. Madhavacheril et al., Phys. Rev. D **102**, 023534 (2020) [arXiv:1911.05717] [Search inSPIRE].

406 L. E. Bleem et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **258**, 36 (2022) [arXiv:2102.05033] [Search inSPIRE].

407 V. Vikram, A. Lidz, and B. Jain, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **467**, 2315 (2017) [arXiv:1608.04160] [Search inSPIRE].

408 R. Makiya, S. Ando, and E. Komatsu, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **480**, 3928 (2018) [arXiv:1804.05008] [Search inSPIRE].

409 S. Pandey et al., Phys. Rev. D **100**, 063519 (2019) [arXiv:1904.13347] [Search inSPIRE].

410 N. Koukoufilippas, D. Alonso, M. Bilicki, and J. A. Peacock, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **491**, 5464 (2020) [arXiv:1909.09102] [Search inSPIRE].

411 Y.-K. Chiang, R. Makiya, B. Ménard, and E. Komatsu, Astrophys. J. **902**, 56 (2020) [arXiv:2006.14650] [Search inSPIRE].

412 Z. Yan et al., Astron. Astrophys. **651**, A76 (2021) [arXiv:2102.07701] [Search inSPIRE].

413 Y.-K. Chiang, R. Makiya, E. Komatsu, and B. Ménard, Astrophys. J. **910**, 32 (2021) [arXiv:2007.01679] [Search inSPIRE].

414 A. de Graaff, Y.-C. Cai, C. Heymans, and J. A. Peacock, Astron. Astrophys. **624**, A48 (2019) [arXiv:1709.10378] [Search inSPIRE].

415 T. Namikawa, A. Roy, B. D. Sherwin, N. Battaglia, and D. N. Spergel, Phys. Rev. D **104**, 063514 (2021) [arXiv:2102.00975] [Search inSPIRE].

416 E. L. Wright, Astrophys. J. **232**, 348 (1979).

417 R. Fabbri, Astrophys. Space Sci. **77**, 529 (1981).

418 Y. Rephaeli, Astrophys. J. **445**, 33 (1995).

419 A. D. Challinor and A. N. Lasenby, Astrophys. J. **499**, 1 (1998) [arXiv:astro-ph/9711161] [Search inSPIRE].

420 N. Itoh, Y. Kohyama, and S. Nozawa, Astrophys. J. **502**, 7 (1998) [arXiv:astro-ph/9712289] [Search inSPIRE].
421 S. Y. Sazonov and R. A. Sunyaev, Astrophys. J. 508, 1 (1998) [arXiv:astro-ph/9804125] [Search in SPIRE].

422 M. Remazeilles, B. Bolliet, A. Rotti, and J. Chluba, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 483, 3459 (2019) [arXiv:1809.09666] [Search in SPIRE].

423 M. Remazeilles and J. Chluba, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 494, 5734 (2020) [arXiv:1907.00916] [Search in SPIRE].

424 J. C. Hill, N. Battaglia, J. Chluba, S. Ferraro, E. Schaan, and D. N. Spergel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 261301 (2015) [arXiv:1507.01583] [Search in SPIRE].

425 Y.-Z. Ma, L. Van Waerbeke, G. Hinshaw, A. Hojjati, D. Scott, and J. Zuntz, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1509, 046 (2015) [arXiv:1404.4808] [Search in SPIRE].

426 S. H. Lim, H. J. Mo, H. Wang, and X. Yang, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 480, 4017 (2018) [arXiv:1804.09715].

427 J. Chluba et al., Exp. Astron. 51, 1515 (2021) [arXiv:1909.01593] [Search in SPIRE].

428 Y. Rephaeli, Astrophys. J. 241, 858 (1980).

429 F. Takahara and S. Sasaki, Prog. Theor. Phys. 86, 1021 (1991).

430 Q.-J. Yu, D. N. Spergel, and J. P. Ostriker, Astrophys. J. 558, 23 (2001) [arXiv:astro-ph/0103149] [Search in SPIRE].

431 A. Lewis, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1308, 053 (2013) [arXiv:1307.8148] [Search in SPIRE].

432 Lord Rayleigh, X. On the electromagnetic theory of light The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 12(73), 81. (1881).

433 B. Beringue, P. D. Meerburg, J. Meyers, and N. Battaglia, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2101, 060 (2021) [arXiv:2008.11688] [Search in SPIRE].

434 W. R. Coulton, B. Beringue, and P. D. Meerburg, Phys. Rev. D 103, 043501 (2021) [arXiv:2010.10481] [Search in SPIRE].

435 H. Tashiro, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2014, 06B107 (2014).

436 J. Chluba, J. Hamann, and S. P. Patil, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 24, 1530023 (2015) [arXiv:1505.01834] [Search in SPIRE].

437 C. Burigana, L. Danese, and G. de Zotti, Astron. Astrophys. 246, 49 (1991). Available at https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991A%26A...246...49B/abstract.

438 W. Hu and J. Silk, Phys. Rev. D 48, 485 (1993).

439 J. Silk, Astrophys. J. 151, 459 (1968).

440 R. A. Sunyaev and Y. B. Zeldovich, Astrophys. Space Sci. 9, 368 (1970).

441 R. A. Daly, Astrophys. J. 371, 14 (1991).

442 J. D. Barrow and P. Coles, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 248, 52 (1991).

443 W. Hu, D. Scott, and J. Silk, Astrophys. J. Lett. 430, L5 (1994) [arXiv:astro-ph/9402045] [Search in SPIRE].

444 E. Pajer and M. Zaldarriaga, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 021302 (2012) [arXiv:1201.5375] [Search in SPIRE].

445 J. Ganc and E. Komatsu, Phys. Rev. D 86, 023518 (2012) [arXiv:1204.4241] [Search in SPIRE].

446 M. Shiraishi, M. Liguori, N. Bartolo, and S. Matarrese, Phys. Rev. D 92, 083502 (2015) [arXiv:1506.06670] [Search in SPIRE].

447 M. Shiraishi, N. Bartolo, and M. Liguori, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1610, 015 (2016) [arXiv:1607.01363] [Search in SPIRE].

448 A. Ota, Phys. Lett. B 790, 243 (2019) [arXiv:1810.03928] [Search in SPIRE].

449 S. Mukherjee, R. Khatri, and B. D. Wandelt, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1804, 045 (2018) [arXiv:1801.09701] [Search in SPIRE].

450 F. Govoni et al., Science 364, 981 (2019) [arXiv:1906.07584].

451 T. Vernstrom, G. Heald, F. Vazza, T. J. Galvin, J. West, N. Locatelli, N. Fornengo, and E. Pinetti, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 505, 4178 (2021) [arXiv:2101.09331] [Search in SPIRE].

452 S. Ando and A. Kusenko, Astrophys. J. Lett. 722, L39 (2010) [arXiv:1005.1924] [Search in SPIRE].

453 W. Essey, S. Ando, and A. Kusenko, Astropart. Phys. 35, 135 (2011) [arXiv:1012.5313] [Search in SPIRE].

454 K. Dolag, M. Kachelriess, S. Ostapchenko, and R. Tomas, Astrophys. J. Lett. 727, L4 (2011) [arXiv:1009.1782] [Search in SPIRE].

455 R. M. Kulsrud and E. G. Zweibel, Rept. Prog. Phys. 71, 0046091 (2008) [arXiv:0707.2783] [Search in SPIRE].
456 D. Grasso and H. R. Rubinstein, Phys. Rept. 348, 163 (2001) [arXiv:astro-ph/0009061] [Search in SPIRE].

457 M. Ackermann et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 237, 32 (2018) [arXiv:1804.08035] [Search in SPIRE].

458 L. M. Widrow, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 775 (2002) [arXiv:astro-ph/0207240] [Search in SPIRE].

459 A. Kandus, K. E. Kunze, and C. G. Tsagas, Phys. Rept. 505, 1 (2011) [arXiv:1007.3891] [Search in SPIRE].

460 L. M. Widrow, D. Ryu, D. R. G. Schleicher, K. Subramanian, C. G. Tsagas, and R. A. Treumann, Space Sci. Rev. 166, 37 (2012) [arXiv:1109.4052] [Search in SPIRE].

461 R. Durrer and A. Neronov, Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 21, 62 (2013) [arXiv:1303.7121] [Search in SPIRE].

462 K. Subramanian, Rept. Prog. Phys. 79, 076901 (2016) [arXiv:1504.02311] [Search in SPIRE].

463 M. S. Turner and L. M. Widrow, Phys. Rev. D 37, 2743 (1988).

464 B. Ratra, Astrophys. J. Lett. 391, L1 (1992).

465 V. Demozzi, V. Mukhanov, and H. Rubinstein, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 0908, 025 (2009) [arXiv:0907.1030] [Search in SPIRE].

466 N. Barnaby, R. Namba, and M. Peloso, Phys. Rev. D 85, 123523 (2012) [arXiv:1202.1469] [Search in SPIRE].

467 T. Vachaspati, Phys. Lett. B 265, 258 (1991).

468 M. Joyce and M. E. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1193 (1997) [arXiv:astro-ph/9703005] [Search in SPIRE].

469 J. Ahonen and K. Enqvist, Phys. Rev. D 57, 664 (1998) [arXiv:hep-ph/9704334] [Search in SPIRE].

470 R. Durrer and C. Caprini, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 0311, 010 (2003) [arXiv:astro-ph/0305059] [Search in SPIRE].

471 D. G. Yamazaki, T. Kajino, G. J. Mathew, and K. Ichiki, Phys. Rept. 517, 141 (2012) [arXiv:1204.3669] [Search in SPIRE].

472 L. Pogosian, T. Vachaspati, and S. Winitzki, Phys. Rev. D 65, 083502 (2002) [arXiv:astro-ph/0112536] [Search in SPIRE].

473 C. Caprini, R. Durrer, and T. Kahniashvili, Phys. Rev. D 69, 063006 (2004) [arXiv:astro-ph/0304556] [Search in SPIRE].

474 M. Ballardini, F. Finelli, and D. Paoletti, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1510, 031 (2015) [arXiv:1412.1836] [Search in SPIRE].

475 Planck Collaboration XIX, Astron. Astrophys. 594, A19 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01594] [Search in SPIRE].

476 M. Shiraishi, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1311, 006 (2013) [arXiv:1308.2531] [Search in SPIRE].

477 M. Shiraishi and T. Sekiguchi, Phys. Rev. D 90, 103002 (2014) [arXiv:1304.7277] [Search in SPIRE].

478 P. Trivedi, K. Subramanian, and T. R. Seshadri, Phys. Rev. D 89, 043523 (2014) [arXiv:1312.5308] [Search in SPIRE].

479 S. K. Sethi and K. Subramanian, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 356, 778 (2005) [arXiv:astro-ph/0405413] [Search in SPIRE].

480 K. E. Kunze and E. Komatsu, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1506, 027 (2015) [arXiv:1501.00142] [Search in SPIRE].

481 K. Jedamzik, V. Katalinic, and A. V. Olinto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 700 (2000) [arXiv:astro-ph/9911100] [Search in SPIRE].

482 K. E. Kunze and E. Komatsu, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1401, 009 (2014) [arXiv:1309.7994] [Search in SPIRE].

483 A. Kosowsky and A. Loeb, Astrophys. J. 469, 1 (1996) [arXiv:astro-ph/9601055] [Search in SPIRE].

484 A. Kosowsky, T. Kahniashvili, G. Lavrelashvili, and B. Ratra, Phys. Rev. D 71, 043006 (2005) [arXiv:astro-ph/0409767] [Search in SPIRE].

485 A. Yadav, L. Pogosian, and T. Vachaspati, Phys. Rev. D 86, 123009 (2012) [arXiv:1207.3356] [Search in SPIRE].

486 P. A. R. Ade et al., Phys. Rev. D 92, 123509 (2015) [arXiv:1509.02461] [Search in SPIRE].

487 P. A. R. Ade et al., Phys. Rev. D 96, 102003 (2017) [arXiv:1705.02523] [Search in SPIRE].

488 D. Paoletti and F. Finelli, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 1911, 028 (2019) [arXiv:1910.07456] [Search in SPIRE].
489 F. Renzi, G. Cabass, E. Di Valentino, A. Melchiorri, and L. Pagano, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., **1808**, 038 (2018) [arXiv:1803.03230] [Search in SPIRE].

490 J. Chluba, D. Paoletti, F. Finelli, and J. A. Rubiño Martín, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **451**, 2244 (2015) [arXiv:1503.04827] [Search in SPIRE].

491 D. Paoletti, J. Chluba, F. Finelli, and J. A. Rubino-Martín, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **484**, 185 (2019) [arXiv:1806.06830] [Search in SPIRE].

492 L. Pogosian, M. Shimon, M. Mewes, and B. Keating, Phys. Rev. D **100**, 023507 (2019) [arXiv:1904.07855] [Search in SPIRE].

493 Planck Collaboration XVI, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A16 (2014) [arXiv:1303.5076] [Search in SPIRE].

494 Planck Collaboration IX, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A9 (2016) [arXiv:1502.05956] [Search in SPIRE].

495 D. Contreras, J. P. Zibin, D. Scott, A. J. Banday, and K. M. Górski, Phys. Rev. D **96**, 123522 (2017) [arXiv:1704.03143] [Search in SPIRE].

496 C. J. Copi, D. Huterer, D. J. Schwarz, and G. D. Starkman, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **434**, 3590 (2013) [arXiv:1303.4786] [Search in SPIRE].

497 M. O'Dwyer, C. J. Copi, L. Knox, and G. D. Starkman, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **470**, 372 (2017) [arXiv:1608.02234] [Search in SPIRE].

498 B. Cabral and L. C. Leedom, Imaging vector fields using line integral convolution, Proc. SIGGRAPH 93, Computer Graphics, p. 263 (1993). Available at https://cs.brown.edu/courses/csci237/0/2000/1999/cabral.pdf.

499 Planck Collaboration I, Astron. Astrophys. **594**, A1 (2016) [arXiv:1502.01582] [Search in SPIRE].

500 K. Tassis et al., [arXiv:1810.05652].

501 M. Haverkorn et al., Advancing Astrophysics with the Square Kilometre Array (AASKA14), p. 96 (2015) [arXiv:1501.00416].

502 B. S. Hensley et al., Astrophys. J. **929**, 166 (2022) [arXiv:2111.02425] [Search in SPIRE].

503 M. Aravena et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. **264**, 7 (2023) [arXiv:2107.10364] [Search in SPIRE].

504 P. Hennebelle and E. Falgarone, Astron. Astrophys. Rev. **20**, 55 (2012) [arXiv:1211.0637] [Search in SPIRE].

505 S. L. Wilkin, C. F. Barenghi, and A. Shukurov, Phys. Rev. Lett. **99**, 134501 (2007) [arXiv:astro-ph/0702261] [Search in SPIRE].

506 G. Momferratos, P. Lesaffre, E. Falgarone, and G. Pineau des Forêts, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **443**, 86 (2014) [arXiv:1502.03624].

507 C. Federrath, J. Plasma Phys. **82**, 535820601 (2016) [arXiv:1610.08132].

508 F. Vansyngel, F. Boulanger, T. Ghosh, B. Wandelt, J. Aumont, A. Bracco, F. Levrier, P. G. Martin, and L. Montier, Astron. Astrophys. **603**, A62 (2017) [arXiv:1611.02577] [Search in SPIRE].

509 F. Levrier, J. Neveu, E. Falgarone, F. Boulanger, A. Bracco, T. Ghosh, and F. Vansyngel, Astron. Astrophys. **614**, A124 (2018) [arXiv:1802.08725].

510 E. Allys, F. Levrier, S. Zhang, C. Colling, B. Regaldo-Saint Blancard, F. Boulanger, P. Hennebelle, and S. Mallat, Astron. Astrophys. **629**, A115 (2019) [arXiv:1905.01372] [Search in SPIRE].

511 B. Regaldo-Saint Blancard, F. Levrier, E. Allys, E. Bellomi, and F. Boulanger, Astron. Astrophys. **642**, A217 (2020) [arXiv:2007.08242] [Search in SPIRE].

512 B. Regaldo-Saint Blancard, E. Allys, F. Boulanger, F. Levrier, and N. Jeffrey, Astron. Astrophys. **649**, L18 (2021) [arXiv:2102.03160] [Search in SPIRE].

513 S. K. Choi and L. A. Page, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1512**, 020 (2015) [arXiv:1509.05934] [Search in SPIRE].

514 Planck Collaboration XXIII, Astron. Astrophys. **580**, A13 (2015) [arXiv:1406.5093] [Search in SPIRE].

515 F. Boulanger et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **1808**, 049 (2018) [arXiv:1805.02496] [Search in SPIRE].

516 A. J. Banday, C. Dickinson, R. D. Davies, R. J. Davis, and K. M. Górski, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **345**, 897 (2003) [arXiv:astro-ph/0302181] [Search in SPIRE].

517 Planck Collaboration XV, Astron. Astrophys. **565**, (2014) A103; 610 (2018) C1 [erratum]. [arXiv:1309.1357] [Search in SPIRE].
518 V. Guillet, L. Fanciullo, L. Verstraete, F. Boulanger, A. P. Jones, M. A. Miville-Deschênes, N. Ysard, F. Levrier, and M. Alves, Astron. Astrophys. **610**, A16 (2018) [arXiv:1710.04598].

519 B. Hensley et al., Bull. Am Astron. Soc. **51**, 224 (2019). Available at https://baas.aas.org/pub/2020n3i224/release/1.

520 N. N. Gandilo et al., Astrophys. J. **824**, 84 (2016) [arXiv:1512.06745].

521 B. T. Draine and B. S. Hensley, Astrophys. J. **909**, 94 (2021).

522 B. T. Draine and B. Hensley, Astrophys. J. **765**, 159 (2013) [arXiv:1205.7021] [Search inSPIRE].

523 C. Dickinson et al., New Astron. Rev. **80**, 1 (2018) [arXiv:1802.08073] [Search inSPIRE].

524 T. Hoang, A. Lazarian, and P. G. Martin, Astrophys. J. **779**, 152 (2013) [arXiv:1305.0276] [Search inSPIRE].

525 B. T. Draine and B. S. Hensley, Astrophys. J. **831**, 59 (2016) [arXiv:1605.06671].

526 T. Hoang and A. Lazarian, Astrophys. J. **821**, 91 (2016) [arXiv:1511.03691] [Search inSPIRE].

527 Planck Collaboration XXII, Astron. Astrophys. **576**, A107 (2015) [arXiv:1405.0874] [Search inSP IRE].

528 M. E. Jones et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **480**, 3224 (2018) [arXiv:1805.04490] [Search inSP IRE].

529 R. Cepeda-Arroita et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **503**, 2927 (2021) [arXiv:2001.07159] [Search inSPIRE].

530 E. Carretti et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. **489**, 2330 (2019) [arXiv:1903.09420] [Search inSPIRE E].

531 Planck Collaboration XI, Astron. Astrophys. **571**, A11 (2014) [arXiv:1312.1300] [Search inSPIRE].

532 Planck Collaboration XVII, Astron. Astrophys. **566**, A55 (2014) [arXiv:1312.5446] [Search inSP IRE].

533 T. Hoang and A. Lazarian, Astrophys. J. **831**, 159 (2016) [arXiv:1605.02828] [Search inSPIRE].

534 V. Pelgrims, S. E. Clark, B. S. Hensley, G. V. Panopoulou, V. Pavlidou, K. Tassis, H. K. Eriksen, and I. K. Wehus, Astron. Astrophys. **647**, A16 (2021) [arXiv:2101.09291] [Search inSPIRE].