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Powell, T. L., Galbraith, D. R., Christoffersen, B. O., Harper, A., Imbuzeiro, H. M. A., Rowland, L., Almeida, S., Brando, P. M., da Costa, A. C. L., Costa, M. H., Levine, N. M., Malhi, Y., Saleska, S. R., Sotta, E., Williams, M., Meir, P., and Moorcroft, P. R.: Confronting model predictions of carbon fluxes with measurements of Amazon forests subjected to experimental drought, New Phytol., 200, 350–365, 2013.

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Raddatz, T. J., Reick, C. H., Knorr, W., Kattge, J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Schnitzler, K. G., Wetzel, P., and Jungclaus, J.: Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate–carbon cycle feedback during the twenty-first century?, Clim. Dynam., 29, 565–574, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0247-8, 2007.

Restrepo-Coupe, N., Levine, N. M., Christoffersen, B. O., Albert, L. P., Wu, J., Costa, M. H., Galbraith, D., Imbuzeiro, H., Martins, G., da Araujo, A. C., Malhi, Y. S., Zeng, X., Moorcroft, P., and Saleska, S. R.: Do dynamic global vegetation models capture the seasonality of carbon fluxes in the Amazon basin? A data-model intercomparison, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 191–208, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13442, 2017.

Restrepo-Coupe, N., da Rocha, H. R., Hutyra, L. R., da Araujo, A. C., Borma, L. S., Christoffersen, B., Cabral, O. M. R., de Camargo, P. B., Cardoso, F. L., da Costa, A. C. L., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Goulden, M. L., Kruijt, B., Maia, J. M. F., Malhi, Y. S., Manzi, A. O., Miller, S. D., Nobre, A. D., von Randow, C., Sá, L. D. A., Sakai, R. K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S. C., Zanchi, F. B., and Saleska, S. R.: What drives the seasonality of photosynthesis across the Amazon basin? A cross-site analysis of eddy flux tower measurements from the Brasil flux network, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182–183, 128–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.031, 2013.

Robinson, D. A., Hopmans, J. W., Filipovic, V., van der Ploeg, M., Lebron, I., Jones, S. B., Reinsch, S., Jarvis, N., and Tuller, M.: Global environmental changes impact soil hydraulic functions through biophysical feedbacks, Glob. Change Biol., 25, 1895–1904, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14626, 2019.

Sabot, M. E. B., De Kauwe, M. G., Pitman, A. J., Medlyn, B. E., Verhoef, A., Ukkola, A. M., and Abramowitz, G.: Plant profit maximization improves predictions of European forest responses to drought, New Phytol., 226, 1638–1655, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16376, 2020.

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Schenk, H. J. and Jackson, R. B.: Mapping the global distribution of deep roots in relation to climate

and soil characteristics, Geoderma, 126, 129–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.11.018, 2005.

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Sinclair, T. R.: Theoretical Analysis of Soil and Plant Traits Influencing Daily Plant Water Flux on Drying Soils, Agronom. J., 97, 1148–1152, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0286, 2005.

Song, Y., Jain, A. K., and McIsaac, G. F.: Implementation of dynamic crop growth processes into a land surface model: evaluation of energy, water and carbon fluxes under corn and soybean rotation, Biogeosciences, 10, 8039–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8039-2013, 2013.

Sparks, J. P. and Black, R. A.: Regulation of water loss in populations of Populus trichocarpa: the role of stomatal control in preventing xylem cavitation, Tree Physiol., 19, 453–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/19.7.453, 1999.

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Sperry, J. S., Venturas, M. D., Anderegg, W. R. L., Mencuccini, M., Mackay, D. S., Wang, Y., and Love, D. M.: Predicting stomatal responses to the environment from the optimization of photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost, Plant Cell Environ., 40, 816p-830, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12852, 2017.

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Stahl, C., Hérault, B., Rossi, V., Burban, B., Bréchet, C., and Bonal, D.: Depth of soil water uptake by tropical rainforest trees during dry periods: does tree dimension matter?, Oecologia, 173, 1191p-1201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2724-6, 2013b.

Stocker, B. D., Zscheischler, J., Keenan, T. F., Prentice, I. C., Peñuelas, J., and Seneviratne, S. I.: Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes, New Phytol., 218, 1430-p1449, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15123, 2018.

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Powell, T. L., Galbraith, D. R., Christoffersen, B. O., Harper, A., Imbuzeiro, H. M. A., Rowland, L., Almeida, S., Brando, P. M., da Costa, A. C. L., Costa, M. H., Levine, N. M., Malhi, Y., Saleska, S. R., Sotta, E., Williams, M., Meir, P., and Moorcroft, P. R.: Confronting model predictions of carbon fluxes with measurements of Amazon forests subjected to experimental drought, New Phytol., 200, 350–365, 2013.

Prechsl, U. E., Burri, S., Gilgen, A. K., Kahmen, A., and Buchmann, N.: No shift to a deeper water uptake depth in response to summer drought of two lowland and subalpine C₃-grasslands in Switzerland, Oecologia, 177, 97–111, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-3092-6, 2015.

Raddatz, T. J., Reick, C. H., Knorr, W., Kattge, J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Schnitzler, K. G., Wetzel, P., and Jungclaus, J.: Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate–carbon cycle feedback during the twenty-first century?, Clim. Dynam., 29, 565–574, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0247-8, 2007.

Restrepo-Coupe, N., Levine, N. M., Christoffersen, B. O., Albert, L. P., Wu, J., Costa, M. H., Galbraith, D., Imbuzeiro, H., Martins, G., da Araujo, A. C., Malhi, Y. S., Zeng, X., Moorcroft, P., and Saleska, S. R.: Do dynamic global vegetation models capture the seasonality of carbon fluxes in the Amazon basin? A data-model intercomparison, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 191–208, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13442, 2017.

Restrepo-Coupe, N., da Rocha, H. R., Hutyra, L. R., da Araujo, A. C., Borma, L. S., Christoffersen, B., Cabral, O. M. R., de Camargo, P. B., Cardoso, F. L., da Costa, A. C. L., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Goulden, M. L., Kruijt, B., Maia, J. M. F., Malhi, Y. S., Manzi, A. O., Miller, S. D., Nobre, A. D., von Randow, C., Sá, L. D. A., Sakai, R. K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S. C., Zanchi, F. B., and Saleska, S. R.: What drives the seasonality of photosynthesis across the Amazon basin? A cross-site analysis of eddy flux tower measurements from the Brasil flux network, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182–183, 128–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.031, 2013.

Robinson, D. A., Hopmans, J. W., Filipovic, V., van der Ploeg, M., Lebron, I., Jones, S. B., Reinsch, S., Jarvis, N., and Tuller, M.: Global environmental changes impact soil hydraulic functions through biophysical feedbacks, Glob. Change Biol., 25, 1895–1904, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14626, 2019.

Sabot, M. E. B., De Kauwe, M. G., Pitman, A. J., Medlyn, B. E., Verhoef, A., Ukkola, A. M., and Abramowitz, G.: Plant profit maximization improves predictions of European forest responses to drought, New Phytol., 226, 1638–1655, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16376, 2020.

Saleska, S. R., Miller, S. D., Matross, D. M., Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., da Rocha, H. R., de Camargo, P. B., Crill, P., Daube, B. C., de Freitas, H. C., Hutyra, L., Keller, M., Kirchhoff, V., Menton, M., Munger, J. W., Pyle, E. H., Rice, A. H., and Silva, H.: Carbon in amazon forests: Unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses, Science, 302, 1554–1557, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091165, 2003.

Schenk, H. J. and Jackson, R. B.: Mapping the global distribution of deep roots in relation to climate

and soil characteristics, Geoderma, 126, 129–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.11.018, 2005.

Seneviratne, S. I., Corti, T., Davin, E. L., Hirschi, M., Jaeger, E. B., Lehner, I., Orlowsky, B., and Teuling, A. J.: Investigating soil moisture–climate interactions in a changing climate: A review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 99, 125–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.02.004, 2010.

Seneviratne, S. I., Wilhelm, M., Stanelle, T., van den Hurk, B., Hagemann, S., Berg, A., Cheruy, F., Higgins, M. E., Meier, A., Brovkin, V., Claussen, M., Ducharne, A., Dufresne, J.-L., Findell, K. L., Ghattas, J., Lawrence, D. M., Malyshev, S., Rummukainen, M., and Smith, B.: Impact of soil moisture-climate feedbacks on CMIP5 projections: First results from the GLACE-CMIP5 experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5212–5217, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50956, 2013.

Sinclair, T. R.: Theoretical Analysis of Soil and Plant Traits Influencing Daily Plant Water Flux on Drying Soils, Agronom. J., 97, 1148–1152, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0286, 2005.

Song, Y., Jain, A. K., and McIsaac, G. F.: Implementation of dynamic crop growth processes into a land surface model: evaluation of energy, water and carbon fluxes under corn and soybean rotation, Biogeosciences, 10, 8039–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8039-2013, 2013.

Sparks, J. P. and Black, R. A.: Regulation of water loss in populations of Populus trichocarpa: the role of stomatal control in preventing xylem cavitation, Tree Physiol., 19, 453–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/19.7.453, 1999.

Sperry, J. S., Adler, F. R., Campbell, G. S., and Comstock, J. P.: Limitation of plant water use by rhizosphere and xylem conductance: results from a model, Plant Cell Environ., 21, 347p-359, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00287.x, 1998.

Sperry, J. S., Venturas, M. D., Anderegg, W. R. L., Mencuccini, M., Mackay, D. S., Wang, Y., and Love, D. M.: Predicting stomatal responses to the environment from the optimization of photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost, Plant Cell Environ., 40, 816p-830, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12852, 2017.

Sperry, J. S., Wang, Y., Wolfe, B. T., Mackay, D. S., Anderegg, W. R. L., McDowell, N. G., and Pockman, W. T.: Pragmatic hydraulic theory predicts stomatal responses to climatic water deficits, New Phytol., 212, 577–589, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14059, 2016.

Stahl, C., Burban, B., Wagner, F., Goret, J.-Y., Bompy, F., and Bonal, D.: Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange of Tropical Canopy Trees, Biotropica, 45, 155p-164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00902.x, 2013a.

Stahl, C., Hérault, B., Rossi, V., Burban, B., Bréchet, C., and Bonal, D.: Depth of soil water uptake by tropical rainforest trees during dry periods: does tree dimension matter?, Oecologia, 173, 1191p-1201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2724-6, 2013b.

Stocker, B. D., Zscheischler, J., Keenan, T. F., Prentice, I. C., Peñuelas, J., and Seneviratne, S. I.: Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes, New Phytol., 218, 1430–1449, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15123, 2018.

Strey, S., Boy, J., Strey, R., Welpelo, A., Schönenberg, R., Schumann, C., and Guggenberger, G.: Digging deeper: The value of deep soil carbon for potential REDD+ projects in tropical forest communities in Amazonia, Erkunde, 71, 231p-239, https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2017.03.05, 2017.
Takahashi, F., Suzuki, T., Osakabe, Y., Betsuyaku, S., Kondo, Y., Dohmae, N., Fukuda, H., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., and Shinozaki, K.: A small peptide modulates stomatal control via abscisic acid in long-distance signalling, Nature, 556, 235–238, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0009-2, 2018.

Tardieu, F. and Davies, W.: Root-shoot communication and whole-plant regulation of water flux, in: Water deficits: plant responses from cell to community, edited by: Griffiths, H. and Smith, J. A. C., Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 147–162, 1993.

Teuling, A. J., Uijlenhoet, R., Hupet, F., and Troch, P. A.: Impact of plant water uptake strategy on soil moisture and evapotranspiration dynamics during drydown, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025019, 2006.

Teuling, A. J., Seneviratne, S. I., Stöckli, R., Reichstein, M., Moors, E., Ciais, P., Luyssaert, S., van den Hurk, B., Ammann, C., Bernhofer, C., Dellwik, E., Gianelle, D., Gielen, B., Grünwald, T., Klumpp, K., Montagnani, L., Moureaux, C., Sottocornola, M., and Wohlfahrt, G.: Contrasting response of European forest and grassland energy exchange to heatwaves, Nat. Geosci., 3, 722–727, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo950, 2010.

The HadGEM2 Development Team: G. M. Martin, Bellouin, N., Collins, W. J., Culverwell, I. D., Halloran, P. R., Hardiman, S. C., Hinton, T. J., Jones, C. D., McDonald, R. E., McLaren, A. J., O'Connor, F. M., Roberts, M. J., Rodriguez, J. M., Woodward, S., Best, M. J., Brooks, M. E., Brown, A. R., Butchart, N., Dearden, C., Derbyshire, S. H., Dharssi, I., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Edwards, J. M., Falloon, P. D., Gedney, N., Gray, L. J., Hewitt, H. T., Hobson, M., Huddleston, M. R., Hughes, J., Ineson, S., Ingram, W. J., James, P. M., Johns, T. C., Johnson, C. E., Jones, A., Jones, C. P., Joshi, M. M., Keen, A. B., Liddicoat, S., Lock, A. P., Maidens, A. V., Manners, J. C., Milton, S. F., Rae, J. G. L., Ridley, J. K., Sellar, A., Senior, C. A., Totterdell, I. J., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P. L., and Wiltshire, A.: The HadGEM2 family of Met Office Unified Model climate configurations, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 723–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-723-2011, 2011.

Tian, H., Chen, G., Liu, M., Zhang, C., Sun, G., Lu, C., Xu, X., Ren, W., Pan, S., and Chappelka, A.: Model estimates of net primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency in the terrestrial ecosystems of the southern United States during 1895–2007, Forest Ecol. Manage., 259, 1311–1327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.009, 2010.

Tuzet, A., Perrier, A., and Leuning, R.: A coupled model of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration, Plant Cell Environ., 26, 1097–1116, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01035.x, 2003.

Tyree, M. T. and Sperry, J. S.: Vulnerability of Xylem to Cavitation and Embolism, Annu. Rev. Plant Phys., 40, 19–36, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.40.060189.000315, 1989.

Ukkola, A. M., De Kauwe, M. G., Roderick, M. L., Abramowitz, G., and Pitman, A. J.: Robust Future Changes in Meteorological Drought in CMIP6 Projections Despite Uncertainty in Precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087820, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087820, 2020.

Ukkola, A. M., De Kauwe, M. G., Pitman, A. J., Best, M. J., Abramowitz, G., Haverd, V., Decker, M., and Haughton, N.: Land surface models systematically overestimate the intensity, duration and magnitude of seasonal-scale evaporative droughts, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 104012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/104012, 2016.

Van den Hoof, C., Vidale, P. L., Verhoef, A., and Vincke, C.: Improved evaporative flux partitioning and carbon flux in the land surface model JULES: Impact on the simulation of land surface processes in temperate Europe, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 181, 108–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.011, 2013.

Verhoef, A. and Egea, G.: Modeling plant transpiration under limited soil water: Comparison of different plant and soil hydraulic parameterizations and preliminary implications for their use in land surface models, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 191, 22–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.009, 2014.

von Randow, C., Zeri, M., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Muza, M. N., de Gonçalves, L. G. G., Costa, M. H., Araujo, A. C., Manzi, A. O., da Rocha, H. R., Saleska, S. R., Arain, M. A., Baker, I. T., Cestaro, B. P., Christoffersen, B., Ciais, P., Fisher, J. B., Galbraith, D., Guan, X., van den Hurk, B., Ichii, K., Imbuzeiro, H., Jain, A., Levine, N., Miguez-Macho, G., Poulter, B., Roberti, D. R., Sahoo, A., Schaefer, K., Shi, M., Tian, H., Verbeeck, H., and Yang, Z.-L.: Inter-annual variability of carbon and water fluxes in Amazonian forest, Cerrado and pasture sites, as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182–183, 145–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.05.015, 2013.

Wang, K. and Dickinson, R. E.: A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000373, 2012.

Wang, Y., Xie, Z., and Jia, B.: Incorporation of a dynamic root distribution into CLM4.5: Evaluation of carbon and water fluxes over the Amazon, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1047–1060, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-016-5226-8, 2016.

Williams, K.: JULES branch for soil moisture stress JPEG evaluation paper [code], Met Office Science Repository Service, available at: https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/jules/browser/main/branches/dev/karinawilliams/r9227_add_gpp_unstressed diagnostic (last access: 13 April 2021), 2020.

Williams, K., Gornall, J., Harper, A., Wiltshire, A., Hemming, D., Quaife, T., Arkebauer, T., and Scoby, D.: Evaluation of JULES-crop performance against site observations of irrigated maize from Mead, Nebraska, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1291–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1291-2017, 2017.

Williams, K., Harper, A. B., McGuire, P., Duran Rojas, C., and Otu-Larbi, F.: JULES suite for FLUXNET2015 and LBA sites, Met Office Science Repository Service [code], available at: https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/roses-u/browser/a/I/7/5/2/u-al752-jpegpaper?rev=168493 (last access: 13 April 2021), 2020.

Williams, M., Rastetter, E. B., Fernandes, D. N., Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Shaver, G. R., Melillo, J. M., Munger, J. W., Fan, S. M., and Nadelhoffer, K. J.: Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus-Acer stand at Harvard Forest: the regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties, Plant Cell Environ., 19, 911–927, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00456.x, 1996.

Wolfe, B. T., Sperry, J. S., and Kursar, T. A.: Does leaf shedding protect stems from cavitation during seasonal droughts? A test of the hydraulic fuse hypothesis, New Phytol., 212, 1007–1018, 2016.

Wu, J., Serbin, S. P., Xu, X., Albert, L. P., Chen, M., Meng, R., Saleska, S. R., and Rogers, A.: The phenology of leaf quality and its within-canopy variation is essential for accurate modeling of
Takahashi, F., Suzuki, T., Osakabe, Y., Betsuyaku, S., Kondo, Y., Dohmae, N., Fukuda, H., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., and Shinozaki, K.: A small peptide modulates stomatal control via abscisic acid in long-distance signalling, Nature, 556, 235–238, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0009-2, 2018.

Tardieu, F. and Davies, W.: Root-shoot communication and whole-plant regulation of water flux, in: Water deficits: plant responses from cell to community, edited by: Griffiths, H. and Smith, J. A. C., Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 147–162, 1993.

Teuling, A. J., Uijlenhoet, R., Hupet, F., and Troch, P. A.: Impact of plant water uptake strategy on soil moisture and evapotranspiration dynamics during drydown, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025019, 2006.

Teuling, A. J., Seneviratne, S. I., Stöckli, R., Reichstein, M., Moors, E., Ciais, P., Luyssaert, S., van den Hurk, B., Ammann, C., Bernhofer, C., Dellwik, E., Gianelle, D., Gielen, B., Grünwald, T., Klumpp, K., Montagnani, L., Moureaux, C., Sottocornola, M., and Wohlfahrt, G.: Contrasting response of European forest and grassland energy exchange to heatwaves, Nat. Geosci., 3, 722–727, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo950, 2010.

The HadGEM2 Development Team: G. M. Martin, Bellouin, N., Collins, W. J., Culverwell, I. D., Halloran, P. R., Hardiman, S. C., Hinton, T. J., Jones, C. D., McDonald, R. E., McLaren, A. J., O'Connor, F. M., Roberts, M. J., Rodriguez, J. M., Woodward, S., Best, M. J., Brooks, M. E., Brown, A. R., Butchart, N., Dearden, C., Derbyshire, S. H., Dharssi, I., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Edwards, J. M., Falloon, P. D., Gedney, N., Gray, L. J., Hewitt, H. T., Hobson, M., Huddleston, M. R., Hughes, J., Ineson, S., Ingram, W. J., James, P. M., Johns, T. C., Johnson, C. E., Jones, A., Jones, C. P., Joshi, M. M., Keen, A. B., Liddicoat, S., Lock, A. P., Maidens, A. V., Manners, J. C., Milton, S. F., Rae, J. G. L., Ridley, J. K., Sellar, A., Senior, C. A., Totterdell, I. J., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P. L., and Wiltshire, A.: The HadGEM2 family of Met Office Unified Model climate configurations, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 723–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-723-2011, 2011.

Tian, H., Chen, G., Liu, M., Zhang, C., Sun, G., Lu, C., Xu, X., Ren, W., Pan, S., and Chappelka, A.: Model estimates of net primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency in the terrestrial ecosystems of the southern United States during 1895–2007, Forest Ecol. Manage., 259, 1311–1327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.009, 2010.

Tuzet, A., Perrier, A., and Leuning, R.: A coupled model of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration, Plant Cell Environ., 26, 1097–1116, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01035.x, 2003.

Tyree, M. T. and Sperry, J. S.: Vulnerability of Xylem to Cavitation and Embolism, Annu. Rev. Plant Phys., 40, 19–36, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.40.060189.000315, 1989.

Ukkola, A. M., De Kauwe, M. G., Roderick, M. L., Abramowitz, G., and Pitman, A. J.: Robust Future Changes in Meteorological Drought in CMIP6 Projections Despite Uncertainty in Precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087820, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087820, 2020.

Ukkola, A. M., De Kauwe, M. G., Pitman, A. J., Best, M. J., Abramowitz, G., Haverd, V., Decker, M., and Haughton, N.: Land surface models systematically overestimate the intensity, duration and magnitude of seasonal-scale evaporative droughts, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 104012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/104012, 2016.

Van den Hoof, C., Vidale, P. L., Verhoef, A., and Vincke, C.: Improved evaporative flux partitioning and carbon flux in the land surface model JULES: Impact on the simulation of land surface processes in temperate Europe, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 181, 108–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.011, 2013.

Verhoef, A. and Egea, G.: Modeling plant transpiration under limited soil water: Comparison of different plant and soil hydraulic parameterizations and preliminary implications for their use in land surface models, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 191, 22–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.009, 2014.

von Randow, C., Zeri, M., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Muza, M. N., de Gonçalves, L. G. G., Costa, M. H., Araujo, A. C., Manzi, A. O., da Rocha, H. R., Saleska, S. R., Arain, M. A., Baker, I. T., Cestaro, B. P., Christoffersen, B., Ciais, P., Fisher, J. B., Galbraith, D., Guan, X., van den Hurk, B., Ichii, K., Imbuzeiro, H., Jain, A., Levine, N., Miguez-Macho, G., Poulter, B., Roberti, D. R., Sahoo, A., Schaefer, K., Shi, M., Tian, H., Verbeeck, H., and Yang, Z.-L.: Inter-annual variability of carbon and water fluxes in Amazonian forest, Cerrado and pasture sites, as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182–183, 145–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.05.015, 2013.

Wang, K. and Dickinson, R. E.: A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000373, 2012.

Wang, Y., Xie, Z., and Jia, B.: Incorporation of a dynamic root distribution into CLM4.5: Evaluation of carbon and water fluxes over the Amazon, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1047–1060, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-016-5226-8, 2016.

Williams, K.: JULES branch for soil moisture stress JPEG evaluation paper [code], Met Office Science Repository Service, available at: https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/jules/browser/main/branches/dev/karinawilliams/r9227_add_gpp_unstressed diagnostic (last access: 13 April 2021), 2020.

Williams, K., Gornall, J., Harper, A., Wiltshire, A., Hemming, D., Quaife, T., Arkebauer, T., and Scoby, D.: Evaluation of JULES-crop performance against site observations of irrigated maize from Mead, Nebraska, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1291–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1291-2017, 2017.

Williams, K., Harper, A. B., McGuire, P., Duran Rojas, C., and Otu-Larbi, F.: JULES suite for FLUXNET2015 and LBA sites, Met Office Science Repository Service [code], available at: https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/roses-u/browser/a/I/7/5/2/u-al752-jpegpaper?rev=168493 (last access: 13 April 2021), 2020.

Williams, M., Rastetter, E. B., Fernandes, D. N., Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Shaver, G. R., Melillo, J. M., Munger, J. W., Fan, S. M., and Nadelhoffer, K. J.: Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus-Acer stand at Harvard Forest: the regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties, Plant Cell Environ., 19, 911–927, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00456.x, 1996.

Wolfe, B. T., Sperry, J. S., and Kursar, T. A.: Does leaf shedding protect stems from cavitation during seasonal droughts? A test of the hydraulic fuse hypothesis, New Phytol., 212, 1007–1018, 2016.

Wu, J., Serbin, S. P., Xu, X., Albert, L. P., Chen, M., Meng, R., Saleska, S. R., and Rogers, A.: The phenology of leaf quality and its within-canopy variation is essential for accurate modeling of
photosynthesis in tropical evergreen forests, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 4814–4827, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13725, 2017.

Wu, J., Albert, L. P., Lopes, A. P., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Hayek, M., Wiedemann, K. T., Guan, K., Stark, S. C., Christoffersen, B., Prohaska, N., Tavares, J. V., Marostica, S., Kobayashi, H., Ferreira, M. L., Campos, K. S., da Silva, R., Brando, P. M., Dye, D. G., Huxman, T. E., Huete, A. R., Nelson, B. W., and Saleska, S. R.: Leaf development and demography explain photosynthetic seasonality in Amazon evergreen forests, Science, 351, 972–976, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5068, 2016.

Zeng, X.: Global Vegetation Root Distribution for Land Modeling, J. Hydrometeorol., 2, 525–530, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0525:GVRDFL>2.0.CO;2, 2001.

Zeri, M., Sá, L. D. A., Manzi, A. O., Araújo, A. C., Aguiar, R. G., von Randoy, C., Sampaio, G., Cardoso, F. L., and Nobre, C. A.: Variability of Carbon and Water Fluxes Following Climate Extremes over a Tropical Forest in Southwestern Amazonia, PLOS ONE, 9, e88130, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088130, 2014.

Zhou, S., Duursma, R. A., Medlyn, B. E., Kelly, J. W. G., and Prentice, I. C.: How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses to water stress, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182–183, 204–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.05.009, 2013.
photosynthesis in tropical evergreen forests, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 4814–4827, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13725, 2017.

Wu, J., Albert, L. P., Lopes, A. P., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Hayek, M., Wiedemann, K. T., Guan, K., Stark, S. C., Christoffersen, B., Prohaska, N., Tavares, J. V., Marostica, S., Kobayashi, H., Ferreira, M. L., Campos, K. S., da Silva, R., Brando, P. M., Dye, D. G., Huxman, T. E., Huete, A. R., Nelson, B. W., and Saleska, S. R.: Leaf development and demography explain photosynthetic seasonality in Amazon evergreen forests, Science, 351, 972–976, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5068, 2016.

Zeng, X.: Global Vegetation Root Distribution for Land Modeling, J. Hydrometeorol., 2, 525–530, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0525:GVRDFL>2.0.CO;2, 2001.

Zeri, M., Sá, L. D. A., Manzi, A. O., Araújo, A. C., Aguiar, R. G., von Randow, C., Sampaio, G., Cardoso, F. L., and Nobre, C. A.: Variability of Carbon and Water Fluxes Following Climate Extremes over a Tropical Forest in Southwestern Amazonia, PLOS ONE, 9, e88130, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088130, 2014.

Zhou, S., Duursma, R. A., Medlyn, B. E., Kelly, J. W. G., and Prentice, I. C.: How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses to water stress, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182–183, 204–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.05.009, 2013.