syndromes with severe impairment of hematopoiesis. Oncotarget.
2016;7:14898-911.

349. Boch T, Luft T, Metzgeroth G, Mossner M, Jann JC, Nowak D, et al. Safety and efficacy of the CD95-ligand inhibitor asunercept in transfusion-dependent patients with low and intermediate risk MDS. Leuk Res. 2018;68:62-9.

350. Obungu VH, Gelfanova V, Rathnachalam R, Bailey A, Sloan-Lancaster J, Huang L. Determination of the mechanism of action of Anti-FasL antibody by epitope mapping and homology modeling. Biochemistry. 2009;48:7251-60.

351. Nalivaiko K, Hofmann M, Kober K, Teichweyde N, Krammer PH, Rammensee HG, et al. A Recombinant bispecific CD20×CD95 antibody with superior activity against normal and malignant B-cells. Mol Ther. 2016;24:298-305.

352. Aceto N, Sausgruber N, Brinkhaus H, Gaidatzis D, Martiny-Baron G, Mazzarol G, et al. Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 promotes breast cancer progression and maintains tumor-initiating cells via activation of key transcription factors and a positive feedback signaling loop. Nat Med. 2012;18:529-37.

353. Longley DB, Allen WL, McDermott U, Wilson TR, Latif T, Boyer J, et al. The roles of thymidylate synthase and p53 in regulating Fas-mediated apoptosis in response to antimetabolites. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:3562-71.

354. McDermott U, Galligan L, Longley DB, Scullin P, Johnston PG. Fas-mediated apoptosis in response to Irinotecan (CPT-11) is p53-independent and STAT1-dependent. Cancer Res. 2005;65(9_Supplement):1266-5.

355. Backus HHJ, Dukers DF, Van Groeningen CJ, Vos W, Bloemena E, Wouters D, et al. 5-Fluorouracil induced Fas upregulation associated with apoptosis in liver metastases of colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2001;12:209-16.

356. Puviani M, Marconi A, Pincelli C, Cozzani E. Fas ligand in pemphigus sera induces keratinocyte apoptosis through the activation of caspase-8. J Investig Dermatol. 2003;120:164-7.

357. Martin-Villalba A, Hahne M, Kleber S, Vogel J, Falk W, Schenkel J, et al. Therapeutic neutralization of CD95-ligand and TNF attenuates brain damage in stroke. Cell Death Differ. 2001;8:679-86.

358. Corsini NS, Sancho-Martinez I, Laudenklos S, Glasgow D, Kumar S, Letellier E, et al. The death receptor CD95 activates adult neural stem cells for working memory formation and brain repair. Cell Stem Cell. 2009;5:178-90.

359. Letellier E, Kumar S, Sancho-Martinez I, Krauth S, Funke-Kaiser A, Laudenklos S, et al. CD95-ligand on peripheral myeloid cells activates Syk kinase to trigger their recruitment to the inflammatory site. Immunity. 2010;32:240-52.

360. Demjen D, Klussmann S, Kleber S, Zuliani C, Stieltjes B, Metzger C, et al. Neutralization of CD95 ligand promotes regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. J Immun. 2004;10:389-96.

361. Omokaro SO, Desierto MJ, Eckhaus MA, Ellison FM, Chen J, Young NS. Lymphocytes with aberrant expression of Fas or Fas-ligand attenuate immune bone marrow failure in a mouse model. J Immunol. 2009;182:3414.

362. Fadeel B, Thorpe CJ, Yonehara S, Chiodi F. Anti-Fas IgG1 antibodies recognizing the same epitope of Fas/APO-1 mediate different biological effects in vitro. Int Immunol. 1997;9:201-9.

363. Teodorczyk M, Kleber S, Wollny D, Sefrin JP, Aykut B, Mateos A, et al. CD95 promotes metastatic spread via Sck in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Differ. 2015;22:1192-202.

364. Ren J, Zhang X, Liu X, Fang C, Jiang S, June CH, et al. A versatile system for rapid multiplex genome-edited CAR T cell generation. Oncotarget. 2017;8:17002-11.

365. Atsuta I, Liu S, Miura Y, Akiyama K, Chen C, An Y, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit multiple myeloma cells via the Fas/Fas ligand pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013;4:111.

366. Chacon JA, Sarnaik AA, Chen JQ, Creasy C, Kale C, Robinson J, et al. Manipulating the tumor microenvironment ex vivo for enhanced expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:611-21.

367. Chacon JA, Sarnaik AA, Pilon-Thomas S, Radvanyi L. Triggering co-stimulation directly in melanoma tumor fragments drives CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expansion with improved effector-memory properties. Oncoimmunology. 2015;4. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2015.1040219.

368. Nojima T, Haniuda K, Moutai T, Matsudaira M, Mizokawa S, Shiratori I, et al. In-vitro derived germinal centre B cells differentially generate memory B or plasma cells in vivo. Nat Commun. 2011;2:1-11.

369. Gori JL, Hsu PD, Maeder ML, Shen S, Welstead GG, Bumcrot D. Delivery and specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technologies for human gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther. 2015;26:443-51.

370. Lugli E, Gattinoni L, Roberto A, Mavilio D, Price DA, Restifo NP, et al. Identification, isolation and in vitro expansion of human and nonhuman primate T stem cell memory cells. Nat Protoc. 2013;8:33-42.

371. Gattinoni L, Lugli E, Ji Y, Pos Z, Paulos CM, Quigley MF, et al. A human memory T-cell subset with stem cell-like properties. Nat Med. 2011;17:1290.

372. Whartenby KA, Straley EE, Kim H, Racke F, Tanavde V, Gorski KS, et al. Transduction of donor hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells with Fas ligand enhanced

short-term engraftment in a murine model of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 2002;100:3147-54.

373. Valdés-González RA, Dorantes LM, Garibay GN, Bracho-Blanchet E, Mendez AJ, Dávila-Pérez R, et al. Xenotransplantation of porcine neonatal islets of Langerhans and Sertoli cells: a 4-year study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153:419-27.

374. Harding J, Vintersten-Nagy K, Shutova M, Yang H, Tang JK, Massumi M, et al. Induction of long-term allogeneic cell acceptance and formation of immune privileged tissue in immunocompetent hosts. bioRxiv. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1101/716571.

375. Ahmetic F, Fauser J, Riedel T, Bauer V, Flessner C, Hömberg N, et al. Original research: therapy of lymphoma by immune checkpoint inhibitors: the role of T cells, NK cells and cytokine-induced tumor senescence. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9:1660.

376. Kim IK, Park SJ, Park JH, Lee SH, Hong SE, Reed JC, et al. and bromocriptine attenuate cell death mediated by intracellular calcium mobilization. BMB Rep. 2012;45:482-7.

377. Futter CE, Crowston JG, Allan BDS. Interaction with collagen IV protects lens epithelial cells from Fas-dependent apoptosis by stimulating the production of soluble survival factors. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:3256-62.

378. Shih MF, Cherng JY. Protective effects of chlorella-derived peptide against UVC-induced cytotoxicity through inhibition of caspase-3 activity and reduction of the expression of phosphorylated FADD and cleaved PARP-1 in skin fibroblasts. Molecules. 2012;17:9116.

379. Hashimoto H, Tanaka M, Suda T, Tomita T, Hayashida K, Takeuchi E, et al. Soluble Fas ligand in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:657-62.

380. Jeong D, Kim HS, Kim HY, Kang MJ, Jung H, Oh Y, et al. Soluble Fas ligand drives autoantibody-induced arthritis by binding to DR5/TRAIL-R2. Elife. 2021;10. https://doi.org/10.7554/ELIFE.48840.

381. Conceição-Silva F, Hahne M, Schröter M, Louis J, Tschopp J. The resolution of lesions induced by Leishmania major in mice requires a functional Fas (APO-1, CD95) pathway of cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol. 1998;28:237-45.

382. Headen DM, Woodward KB, Coronel MM, Shrestha P, Weaver JD, Zhao H, et al. Local immunomodulation with Fas ligand-engineered biomaterials achieves allogeneic islet graft acceptance. Nat Mater. 2018;17:732-9.

383. Simon AK, Jones E, Richards H, Wright K, Betts G, Godkin A, et al. Regulatory T cells inhibit Fas ligand-induced innate and adaptive tumour immunity. Eur J Immunol. 2007;37:758-67.

384. Lewis RA, Gross RL, Sall KN, Schiffman RM, Liu CC, Batoosingh AL. The safety and efficacy of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination: a 1-year double-masked, randomized parallel comparison to its individual components in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. J Glaucoma. 2010;19:424-6.

385. Kural MH, Wang J, Gui L, Yuan Y, Li G, Leiby KL, et al. Fas ligand and nitric oxide combination to control smooth muscle growth while sparing endothelium. Biomaterials. 2019;212:28-38.

386. Viard-Leveugle I, Bullani RR, Meda P, Micheau O, Limat A, Saurat J-H, et al. Intracellular Localization of keratinocyte Fas ligand explains lack of cytolytic activity under physiological conditions. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:16183-8.

387. Hendriks D, He Y, Koopmans I, Wiersma VR, Ginkel RJ van, Samplonius DF, et al. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeted TRAIL combines PD-L1-mediated checkpoint inhibition with TRAIL-mediated apoptosis induction. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2016.1202390.

388. Bremer E, Kuijlen J, Samplonius D, Walczak H, De Leij L, Helfrich W. Target cell-restricted and -enhanced apoptosis induction by a scFvs:TRAIL fusion protein with specificity for the pancarcinoma-associated antigen EG2P. Int J Cancer. 2004;109:281-90.

389. Matute-Bello G, Liles WC, Frevert CW, Dhanireddy S, Ballman K, Wong V, et al. Blockade of the Fas/FasL system improves proimmococcal clearance from the lungs without preventing dissemination of bacteria to the spleen. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:596-606.

390. Wroblewski VJ, Witcher DR, Becker GW, Davis KA, Dou S, Micanovic R, et al. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is proteolytically processed to a metabolic fragment having differential activities against Fas ligand and LIGHT. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;65:657-67.

391. Wroblewski VJ, McCloud C, Davis K, Manetta J, Micanovic R, Witcher DR. Pharmacokinetics, metabolic stability, and subcutaneous bioavailability of a genetically engineered analog of DcR3, FLINT [DcR3(R218Q)], in cynomolgus monkeys and mice. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003;31:502-7.

392. Einhauer A, Jungbauer A. The FLAG peptide, a versatile fusion tag for the purification of recombinant proteins. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2001;49:455-65.

393. Yolcu ES, Gu X, Lacelle C, Zhao H, Bandura-Morgan L, Askenasy N, et al. Induction of tolerance to cardiac allografts using donor splenocytes engineered to display on their surface an exogenous fas ligand protein. J Immunol. 2008;181:931-9.
394. Yolcu ES, Zhao H, Bandura-Morgan L, Lacelle C, Woodward KB, Askenasy N, et al. Pancreatic islets engineered with SA-FasL protein establish robust localized tolerance by inducing regulatory T cells in mice. J Immunol. 2011;187:5901-9.

395. Spencer DM, Wandless TJ, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. Controlling signal transduction with synthetic ligands. Science. 1993;262:1019-24.

396. Orbach A, Rachmilewitz J, Parnas M, Huang J-H, Tykocinski ML, Dranitzki-Elhaleh M. CTLA-4. FasL induces early apoptosis of activated T cells by interfering with anti-apoptotic signals. J Immunol. 2007;179:7287-94.

397. Huang J-H, Tykocinski ML. CTLA-4-Fas ligand functions as a trans signal converter protein in bridging antigen-presenting cells and T cells. Int Immunol. 2001;13:529-39.

398. Ho M, Sun G, Leu SJ, Ka S, Tang S, Sun K. Combination of Fasl and GM-CSF confers synergistic antitumor immunity in an in vivo model of the murine Lewis lung carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2008;123:123-33.

399. Millar DG, Ramjiawan RR, Kawaguchi K, Gupta N, Chen J, Zhang S, et al. Antibody-mediated delivery of viral epitopes to tumors harnesses CMV-specific T cells for cancer therapy. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38:420-5.

400. Ateh DD, Leinster VH, Lambert SR, Shah A, Khan A, Walklin HJ, et al. The intracellular uptake of CD95 modified pacitaxel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles. Biomaterials. 2011;32:8538-47.

401. Rieger R, Whitacre D, Cantwell MJ, Prussak C, Kipps TJ. Chimeric form of tumor necrosis factor-α has enhanced surface expression and antitumor activity. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009;16:53-64.

402. Tuettenberg J, Seiz M, Debatin KM, Hollburg W, Von Staden M, Thiemann M, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of APG101, a CD95-Fc fusion protein, in healthy volunteers and two glioma patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2012;13:93-100.

403. Boldin MP, Goncharov TM, Goltseve YV, Wallach D. Involvement of MACH, a novel MORT1/FADD-interacting protease, in Fas/APO-1- and TNF receptor-induced cell death. Cell. 1996;85:803-15.

404. Quinn TP, Soifer SJ, Ramer K, Williams LT, Nakamura MC. A receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor that stimulates endothelial apoptosis. Cancer Res. 2001;61:8629-37.

405. Quinn T, Niemi E, Nakamura M. Abstract 2176: R1FasL: a recombinant fusion protein that converts VEGF to act as a cell death factor. Cancer Res. 2013;73:2176-2176.

406. Heinzelmann F, Jendrossek V, Lauber K, Nowak K, Eldh T, Boras R, et al. Irradiation-induced pneumonitis mediated by the CD95/CD95-ligand system. JNCI J Natl Bell Cancer Inst. 2006;98:1248-51.

407. Swindall AF, Bellis SL. Sialylation of the Fas death receptor by ST6Gal-I provides protection against Fas-mediated apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:22982-90.

408. Rasper DM, Vaillancourt JP, Hadano S, Houtzager VM, Seiden I, Keen SLC, et al. Cell death attenuation by 'Usurpin', a mammalian DED-caspase homologue that precludes caspase-8 recruitment and activation by the CD-95 (Fas, APO-1) receptor complex. Cell Death Differ. 1998;5:271-88.

409. Cardinale CJ, Wei Z, Panossian S, Wang F, Kim CE, Mentch FD, et al. Targeted resequencing identifies defective variants of decoy receptor 3 in pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Genes Immun. 2013;14:447-52.

410. Grossman I, Avidan N, Singer C, Goldstaub D, Hayardeny L, Eyal E, et al. Pharmacogenetics of glatiramer acetate therapy for multiple sclerosis reveals drug-response markers. Pharmacogenet Genom. 2007;17:657-66.

411. Yolcu ES, Askenasy N, Singh NP, Cherradi S-EL, Shirwan H. Cell membrane modification for rapid display of proteins as a novel means of immunomodulation. FasL-decorated cells prevent islet graft rejection. Immunity. 2002;17:795-808.

412. Legembre P, Micheau O, Ségui B. Chemotherapy with ceramide in TNBC. Oncoscience. 2015;2:817.

413. Nahimana A, Aubry D, Lagopoulos L, Greaney P, Attinger A, Demotz S, et al. A novel potent Fas agonist for selective depletion of tumor cells in hematopoietic transplants. Blood Cancer J. 2011;1:e47.

414. Yurkovetsky ZR, Kirkwood JM, Edington HD, Marrangoni AM, Velikokhatnaya L, Winans MT, et al. Multiplex analysis of serum cytokines in melanoma patients treated with interferon-α2b. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:2422-8.

415. Tourneur L, Mistou S, Michiels F-M, Devauchelle VV, Renia L, Feunteun J, et al. Loss of FADD protein expression results in a biased Fas-signaling pathway and correlates with the development of tumoral status in thyroid follicular cells. Oncogene. 2003;22:2795-804.

416. McDermott U, Longley DB, Galligan L, Allen W, Wilson T, Johnston PG. Effect of p53 status and STAT1 on chemotherapy-induced, Fas-mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 2005;65:8951-60.

417. Sudarshan S, Holman DH, Hyer ML, Voelkel-Johnson C, Dong JY, Norris JS. In vitro efficacy of Fas ligand gene therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2005;12:12-8.

418. Eichhorst ST, Müller M, Li-Weber M, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Angel P, Krammer PH. A novel AP-1 Eelement in the CD95 ligand promoter is required for induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells upon treatment with anticancer drugs. Mol Cell Biol. 2000;20:7826-37.

419. Arai H, Gordon D, Nabel EG, Nabel GJ. Gene transfer of Fas ligand induces tumor regression in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:13862.

420. Friesen C, Herr I, Krammer PH, Debatin K-M. Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor/ligand system in drug-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Nat Med. 1996;2:574-7.

421. Wong GH, Goeddel DV. Fas antigen and p55 TNF receptor signal apoptosis through distinct pathways. J Immunol. 1994;152:1751-5.

422. Chen JJ, Sun Y, Nabel GJ. Regulation of the proinflammatory effects of Fas ligand (CD95L). Science. 1998;282:1714-7.

423. Zhu B, Luo L, Chen Y, Paty DW, Cynader MS. Intrathecal Fas ligand infusion strengthens immunoprivilege of central nervous system and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 2002;169:1561-9.

424. Poulaki V, Mitsiades CS, McMullan C, Fanourakis G, Negri J, Goudopoulou A, et al. Human retinoblastoma cells are resistant to apoptosis induced by death receptors: role of caspase-8 gene silencing. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:358-66.

425. Ramiro L, Abraira L, Quintana M, García-Rodríguez P, Santamarina E, Álvarez-Sabin J, et al. Blood biomarkers to predict long-term mortality after ischemic stroke. Life. 2021;11:135.

426. Muthumani K, Choo AY, Hwang DS, Premkumar A, Dayes NS, Harris C, et al. HIV-1 Nef-induced FasL induction and bystander killing requires p38 MAPK activation. Blood. 2005;106:2059-68.

427. Pira GL, Cecca SDI, Montanari M, Moretta L, Manca F. Specific removal of alloreactive T-cells to prevent GvHD in hemopoietic stem cell transplantation: rationale, strategies and perspectives. Blood Rev. 2016;30:297-307.

428. Zacks DN, Zheng Q-D, Han Y, Bakhru R, Miller JW. FAS-mediated apoptosis and its relation to intrinsic pathway activation in an experimental model of retinal detachment. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:4563-9.

429. Popov SG, Villasmil R, Bernardi J, Grene E, Cardwell J, Wu A, et al. Lethal toxin of Bacillus anthracis causes apoptosis of macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;293:349-55.

430. Dufour F, Sasseville AM-J, Chabaud S, Massie B, Siegel RM, Langelier Y. The ribonucleotide reductase R1 subunits of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 protect cells against TNFα- and FasL-induced apoptosis by interacting with caspase-8. Apoptosis Int J Program Cell Death. 2011;16:256-71.

431. Berndt C, Möpps B, Angermüller S, Gierschik P, Krammer PH. CXCR4 and CD4 mediate a rapid CD95-independent cell death in CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1998;95:12556-61.

432. Georgantou RW, Leong KW, August JT. Antigen-specific induction of peripheral T cell tolerance in vivo by codelivery of DNA vectors encoding antigen and Fas ligand. Hum Gene Ther. 2004;11:851-8.

433. Nyhus JK, Wolford C, Feng L, Barbera-Guillem E. Direct in vivo transfection of antisense Fas-ligand reduces tumor growth and invasion. Gene Ther. 2001;8:209-14.

434. Zhang H, Taylor J, Luther D, Johnston J, Murray S, Wyatt JR, et al. Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of Bcl-xL and Bid expression in liver regulates responses in a mouse model of Fas-induced fulminant hepatitis. J Pharm Exp Ther. 2003;307:24-33.

435. Filion MC, Filion B, Roy J, Ménard S, Reader S, Phillips NC. Development of immunomodulatory six base-length non-CpG motif oligonucleotides for cancer vaccination. Vaccine. 2004;22:2480-8.

436. Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science. 1998;281:1305-8.

437. Hasegawa A, Cheng X, Kajino K, Berezov A, Murata K, Nakayama T, et al. Fas-disabling small exocyclic peptide mimetics limit apoptosis by an unexpected mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2004;101:6599-604.

438. Wang X, DeFrances MC, Dai Y, Pediaditakis P, Johnson C, Bell A, et al. A mechanism of cell survival sequestration of Fas by the HGF receptor met. Mol Cell. 2002;9:411-21.

439. Kang SM, Braat D, Schneider DB, O'Rourke RW, Lin Z, Ascher NL, et al. A non-cleavable mutant of Fas ligand does not prevent neutrophilic destruction of islet transplants. Transplantation. 2000;69:1813-7.

440. Kotturi HSR, Li J, Branham-O'Connor M, Stickel SL, Yu X, Wagner TE, et al. Tumor cells expressing a fusion protein of MULT1 and Fas are rejected in vivo by apoptosis and NK cell activation. Gene Ther. 2008;15:1302-10.

441. Deng GM, Zheng L, Chan FKM, Lenardo M. Amelioration of inflammatory arthritis by targeting the pre-ligand assembly domain of tumor necrosis factor receptors. Nat Med. 2005;11:1066-72.

442. Sakka L, Delétage N, Lalloué F, Duval A, Chazal J, Lemaire J-J, et al. SCO-spondin derived peptide NX210 induces neuroprotection in vitro and promotes fiber
regrowth and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e93179.

443. Boisguérin P, Covinhes A, Gallot L, Barrère C, Vincent A, Busson M, et al. A novel therapeutic peptide targeting myocardial reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116:633-44.

444. Slesarev VI, Ellithorpe R, Dimitroff T. Inhibition of systemic TNF-alpha cytotoxicity in cancer patients by D-peptidoglycan. Med Oncol. 1998;15:37-43.

445. Suda T, Nagata S. Purification and characterization of the Fas-ligand that induces apoptosis. J Exp Med. 1994;179:873-9.

446. Song E, Lee SK, Wang J, Ince N, Ouyang N, Min J, et al. RNA interference targeting Fas protects mice from fulminant hepatitis. Nat Med. 2003;9:347-51.

447. Lasham A, Lindridge E, Rudert F, Onrust R, Watson J. Regulation of the human fas promoter by YB-1, Puralpha and AP-1 transcription factors. Gene. 2000;252:1-13.

448. Lasham A, Moloney S, Hale T, Homer C, Zhang YF, Murison JG, et al. The Y-box-binding protein, YB1, is a potential negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:35516-23.

## ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Figures 1-3 made use of graphic elements modified from the Servier Medical Art website (http://smart.servier.com/), licensed under a Creative Common Attribution 3.0 Generic License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

## AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Conceptualization, VR and MLG; Wrote the original draft, collected the literature VR; Writing—review and editing MLG and EL.

## FUNDING

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 777995, from ANR (FASILE), ARC (PJA20181207700), Fondation de France and association La Vannetaise.

## COMPETING INTERESTS

The authors declare no competing interests.

## ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

**Supplementary information** The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-022-04688-x.

**Correspondence** and requests for materials should be addressed to Matthieu Le Gallo.

**Reprints and permission information** is available at http://www.nature.com/reprints

**Publisher's note** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

<figure><img src="image_10.png" /></figure>

**Open Access** This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

© The Author(s) 2022