[103] Rodeberg DA, Easter AJ, Washam MA, Housinger TA, Greenhalgh DG, Warden GD. Use of a helium-oxygen mixture in the treatment of postextubation stridor in pediatric patients with burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 1995;16:476-80.

[104] Vitacca M, Ambrosino N, Clini E, Porta R, Rampulla C, Lanini B, et al. Physiological response to pressure support ventilation delivered before and after extubation in patients not capable of totally spontaneous autonomous breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:638-41.

[105] Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, Squadrone E, Grassi M, Carlucci A, et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2465-70.

[106] Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, Bernadich O, Badia JR, Torres A. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173:164-70.

[107] Ferrer M, Sellarés J, Valencia M, Carrillo A, Gonzalez G, Badia JR, et al. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in hypercapnic patients with chronic respiratory disorders: randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl 2009;374:1082-8.

[108] Ornico SR, Lobo SM, Sanches HS, Deberaldini M, Tófoli LT, Vidal AM, et al. Noninvasive ventilation immediately after extubation improves weaning outcome after acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Lond Engl 2013;17:R39.

[109] Khilnani GC, Galle AD, Hadda V, Sharma SK. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011;39:217-23.

[110] Su C-L, Chiang L-L, Yang S-H, Lin H-I, Cheng K-C, Huang Y-CT. et al. Preventive use of noninvasive ventilation after extubation: a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial. Respir Care 2012;57:204-10.

[111] Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG, Block G. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for postextubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287:3238-44.

[112] Zarbock A, Mueller E, Netzer S, Gabriel A, Feindt P, Kindgen-Milles D. Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure following cardiac surgery protects from postoperative pulmonary complications: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in 500 patients. Chest 2009;135:1252-9.

[113] Lorut C, Lefebvre A, Planquette B, Quinquis L, Clavier J, Santelmo N, et al. Early postoperative prophylactic noninvasive ventilation after major lung resection in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2014;40:220-7.

[114] Auriant I, Jallot A, Hervé P, Cerrina J, Le Roy Ladurie F, Fournier JL, et al. Noninvasive ventilation reduces mortality in acute respiratory failure following lung resection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1231-5.

[115] Jaber S, Lescot T, Futier E, Paugam-Burtz C, Seguin P, Ferrandiere M, et al. Effect of noninvasive ventilation on tracheal reintubation among patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure following abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;315(13):1345-53.

[116] Squadrone V, Coha M, Cerutti E, Schellini MM, Bioloi P, Occella P, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293:589-95.

[117] Maggiore SM, Idone FA, Vaschetto R, Festa R, Cataldo A, Antonicelli F, et al. Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:282-8.

[118] Stéphan F, Barrucand B, Petit P, Rézaiguia-Delclaux S, Médard A, Delannoy B, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen vs noninvasive positive airway pressure in hypoxemic patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015;313:2331-9.

[119] Hernández G, Vaquero C, González P, Subira C, Frutos-Vivar F, Rialp G, et al. Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on reintubation in low-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016.

[120] Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: an updated systematic review. Chest 2013;144:825-47.

[121] Flenady VJ, Gray PH. Chest physiotherapy for preventing morbidity in babies being extubated from mechanical ventilation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(2):CD000283.

[122] Finer NN, Boyd J. Chest physiotherapy in the neonate: a controlled study. Pediatrics 1978;61:282-5.

[123] Bagley CE, Gray PH, Tudehope DI, Flenady V, Shearman AD, Lamont A. Routine neonatal postextubation chest physiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Paediatr Child Health 2005;41:592-7.

[124] Berti JSW, Tonon E, Ronchi CF, Berti HW, de Stefano LM, Gut AL, et al. Manual hyperinflation combined with expiratory rib cage compression for reduction of length of ICU stay in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. J Bras Pneumol 2012;38:477-86.

[125] MG TM and P. Chest physiotherapy prolongs duration of ventilation in the critically ill ventilated for more than 48 hours. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. [cité 17 mars 2016]. Disponible sur: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17607561.

[126] Al-Alaiyan S, Dyer D, Khan B. Chest physiotherapy and post-extubation atelectasis in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 1996;21:227-30.

[127] Pattelet S, Jenkins S, Stiller K. Physiotherapy does not prevent, or hasten recovery from, ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with acquired brain injury. Intensive Care Med 2009;35:258-65.

[128] Malkoc M, Karadibak D, Yildirim Y. The effect of physiotherapy on ventilatory dependency and the length of stay in an intensive care unit. Int J Rehabil Res 2009;32:85-8.

[129] Ntoumenopoulos G, Presneill JJ, McElholm M, Made JF. Chest physiotherapy for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:850-6.

[130] Gonçalves MR, Honrado T, Winck JC, Paiva JA. Effects of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in preventing respiratory failure after extubation: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Lond Engl 2012;16:R84.

[131] Elkins M, Dentice R. Inspiratory muscle training facilitates weaning from mechanical ventilation among patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. J Physiother 2015;61:125-34.

[132] Moodie L, Reeve J, Elkins M. Inspiratory muscle training increases inspiratory muscle strength in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation: a systematic review. J Physiother 2011;57:213-21.

[133] Cader SA, Vale RG, de S, Castro JC, Bacelar SC, Biehl C, et al. Inspiratory muscle training improves maximal inspiratory pressure and may assist weaning in older intubated patients: a randomised trial. J Physiother 2010;56:171-7.

[134] Martin AD, Smith BK, Davenport PD, Harman E, Gonzalez-Rothi RJ, Baz M, et al. Inspiratory muscle strength training improves weaning outcome in failure to wean patients: a randomized trial. Crit Care Lond Engl 2011;15:R84.

[135] Condessa RL, Brauner JS, Saul AL, Baptista M, Silva ACT, Vieira SRR. Inspiratory muscle training did not accelerate weaning from mechanical ventilation but did improve tidal volume and maximal respiratory pressures: a randomized trial. J Physiother 2013;59:101-7.

[136] Caruso P, Denari SDC, Ruiz SAL, Bernal KG, Manfrin GM, Friedrich C, et al. Inspiratory muscle training is ineffective in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Clin Sao Paulo Braz 2005;60:479-84.

[137] Brahmbhatt N, Murugan R, Milbrandt EB. Early mobilization improves functional outcomes in critically ill patients. Crit Care Lond Engl 2010;14:321.

[138] Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl 2009;373:1874-82.

[139] Adler J, Malone D. Early mobilization in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2012;23:5-13.

[140] Morris BA, Benetti M, Marro H, Rosenthal CK. Clinical practice guidelines for early mobilization hours after surgery. Orthop Nurs 2010;29(5):290-316.

[141] Winkelman C, Johnson KD, Hejal R, Gordon NH, Rowbottom J, Daly J, et al. Examining the positive effects of exercise in intubated adults in ICU: a prospective repeated measures clinical study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2012;28:307-18.

[142] Chiang L-L, Wang L-Y, Wu C-P, Wu H-D, Wu Y-T. Effects of physical training on functional status in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Phys Ther 2006;86:1271-81.

[143] Bassett AS, McDonald-McGinn DM, Devriendt K, Digilio MC, Goldenberg P, Habel A, et al. Practical guidelines for managing patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Pediatr 2011;159:332-9 [e1].

[144] Nishisaki A, Turner DA, Brown CA, Walls RM, Nadkarni VM, et al. A National Emergency Airway Registry for children: landscape of tracheal intubation in 15 PICUs. Crit Care Med 2013;41:874-85.

[145] Nishisaki A, Ferry S, Colborn S, DeFalco C, Dominguez T, Brown CA, et al. Characterization of tracheal intubation process of care and safety outcomes in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012;13:e5-10.

[146] Graciano AL, Tamburro R, Thompson AE, Fiadjoe J, Nadkarni VM, Nishisaki A. Incidence and associated factors of difficult tracheal intubations in pediatric ICUs: a report from National Emergency Airway Registry for Children: NEAR4KIDS. Intensive Care Med 2014;40:1659-69.

[147] Passi Y, Sathyamoorthy M, Lerman J, Heard C, Marino M. Comparison of the laryngoscopy views with the size 1 Miller and Macintosh laryngoscope blades lifting the epiglottis or the base of the tongue in infants and children < 2 yr of age. Br J Anaesth 2014;113:869-74.

[148] Varghese E, Kundu R. Does the Miller blade truly provide a better laryngoscopic view and intubating conditions than the Macintosh blade in small children? Paediatr Anaesth 2014;24:8285-9.

[149] Sun Y, Lu Y, Huang Y, Jiang H. Pediatric video laryngoscope versus direct laryngoscope: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Paediat Anaesth 2014;24:1056-65.

[150] Rodríguez-Núñez A, Moure-González J, Rodríguez-Blanco S, Oulego-Erroz I, Rodríguez-Rivas P, Cortiñas-Díaz J. Tracheal intubation of pediatric manikins during ongoing chest compressions. Does Glidescope® videolaryngoscope improve pediatric residents' performance? Eur J Pediatr 2014;173:1387-90.

[151] Fonte M, Oulego-Erroz I, Nadkarni L, Sánchez-Santos L, Iglesias-Vásquez A, Rodríguez-Núñez A. A randomized comparison of the GlideScope videolaryngoscope to the standard laryngoscopy for intubation by pediatric residents in simulated easy and difficult infant airway scenarios. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011;27:398-402.

[152] Pallin DJ, Dwyer RC, Walls RM, Brown CA, NEAR III Investigators. Techniques and trends, success rates, and adverse events in emergency department pediatric intubations: a report from the national emergency airway registry. Ann Emerg Med 2016;67(5):610-5.

[153] Spence K, Barr P. Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000948.

[154] Moore BM, Blumberg K, Laguna TA, Liu M, Zielinski EE, Kurachek SC. Incidental sinusitis in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012;13:e64-8.
[103] Rodeberg DA, Easter AJ, Washam MA, Housinger TA, Greenhalgh DG, Warden GD. Use of a helium-oxygen mixture in the treatment of postextubation stridor in pediatric patients with burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 1995;16:476-80.

[104] Vitacca M, Ambrosino N, Clini E, Porta R, Rampulla C, Lanini B, et al. Physiological response to pressure support ventilation delivered before and after extubation in patients not capable of totally spontaneous autonomous breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:638-41.

[105] Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, Squadrone E, Grassi M, Carlucci A, et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2465-70.

[106] Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, Bernadich O, Badia JR, Torres A. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173:164-70.

[107] Ferrer M, Sellarés J, Valencia M, Carrillo A, Gonzalez G, Badia JR, et al. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in hypercapnic patients with chronic respiratory disorders: randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl 2009;374:1082-8.

[108] Ornico SR, Lobo SM, Sanches HS, Deberaldini M, Tófoli LT, Vidal AM, et al. Noninvasive ventilation immediately after extubation improves weaning outcome after acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Lond Engl 2013;17:R39.

[109] Khilnani GC, Galle AD, Hadda V, Sharma SK. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease: a randomized controlled trial. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011;39:217-23.

[110] Su C-L, Chiang L-L, Yang S-H, Lin H-I, Cheng K-C, Huang Y-CT. et al. Preventive use of noninvasive ventilation after extubation: a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial. Respir Care 2012;57:204-10.

[111] Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG, Block G. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for postextubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287:3238-44.

[112] Zarbock A, Mueller E, Netzer S, Gabriel A, Feindt P, Kindgen-Milles D. Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure following cardiac surgery protects from postoperative pulmonary complications: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in 500 patients. Chest 2009;135:1252-9.

[113] Lorut C, Lefebvre A, Planquette B, Quinquis L, Clavier H, Santelmo N, et al. Early postoperative prophylactic noninvasive ventilation after major lung resection in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2014;40:220-7.

[114] Auriant I, Jallot A, Hervé P, Cerrina J, Le Roy Ladurie F, Fournier JL, et al. Noninvasive ventilation reduces mortality in acute respiratory failure following lung resection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1231-5.

[115] Jaber S, Lescot T, Futier E, Paugam-Burtz C, Seguin P, Ferrandiere M, et al. Effect of noninvasive ventilation on tracheal reintubation among patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure following abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;315(13):1345-53.

[116] Squadrone V, Coha M, Cerutti E, Schellini MM, Biolino P, Occella P, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293:589-95.

[117] Maggiore SM, Idone FA, Vaschetto R, Festa R, Cataldo A, Antonicelli F, et al. Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:282-8.

[118] Stéphan F, Barrucand B, Petit P, Rézaiguia-Delclaux S, Médard A, Delannoy B, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen vs noninvasive positive airway pressure in hypoxemic patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015;313:2331-9.

[119] Hernández G, Vaquero C, González P, Subira C, Frutos-Vivar F, Rialp G, et al. Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on reintubation in low-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016.

[120] Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: an updated systematic review. Chest 2013;144:825-47.

[121] Flenady VJ, Gray PH. Chest physiotherapy for preventing morbidity in babies being extubated from mechanical ventilation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(2):CD000283.

[122] Finer NN, Boyd J. Chest physiotherapy in the neonate: a controlled study. Pediatrics 1978;61:282-5.

[123] Bagley CE, Gray PH, Tudehope DI, Flenady V, Shearman AD, Lamont A. Routine neonatal postextubation chest physiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Paediatr Child Health 2005;41:592-7.

[124] Berti JSW, Tonon E, Ronchi CF, Berti HW, de Stefano LM, Gut AL, et al. Manual hyperinflation combined with expiratory rib cage compression for reduction of length of ICU stay in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. J Bras Pneumol 2012;38:477-86.

[125] MG TM and P. Chest physiotherapy prolongs duration of ventilation in the critically ill ventilated for more than 48 hours. - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. [cité 17 mars 2016]. Disponible sur: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17607561.

[126] Al-Alaiyan S, Dyer D, Khan B. Chest physiotherapy and post-extubation atelectasis in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 1996;21:227-30.

[127] Pattelet S, Jenkins S, Stiller K. Physiotherapy does not prevent, or hasten recovery from, ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with acquired brain injury. Intensive Care Med 2009;35:258-65.

[128] Malkoc M, Karadibak D, Yildirim Y. The effect of physiotherapy on ventilatory dependency and the length of stay in an intensive care unit. Int J Rehabil Res 2009;32:85-8.

[129] Ntoumenopoulos G, Presneill JJ, McElholm M, Made JF. Chest physiotherapy for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:850-6.

[130] Gonçalves MR, Honrado T, Winck JC, Paiva JA. Effects of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in preventing respiratory failure after extubation: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Lond Engl 2012;16:R84.

[131] Elkins M, Dentice R. Inspiratory muscle training facilitates weaning from mechanical ventilation among patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. J Physiother 2015;61:125-34.

[132] Moodie L, Reeve J, Elkins M. Inspiratory muscle training increases inspiratory muscle strength in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation: a systematic review. J Physiother 2011;57:213-21.

[133] Cader SA, Vale RG, de S, Castro JC, Bacelar SC, Biehl C, et al. Inspiratory muscle training improves maximal inspiratory pressure and may assist weaning in older intubated patients: a randomised trial. J Physiother 2010;56:171-7.

[134] Martin AD, Smith BK, Davenport PD, Harman E, Gonzalez-Rothi RJ, Baz M, et al. Inspiratory muscle strength training improves weaning outcome in failure to wean patients: a randomized trial. Crit Care Lond Engl 2011;15:R84.

[135] Condessa RL, Brauner JS, Saul AL, Baptista M, Silva ACT, Vieira SRR. Inspiratory muscle training did not accelerate weaning from mechanical ventilation but did improve tidal volume and maximal respiratory pressures: a randomized trial. J Physiother 2013;59:101-7.

[136] Caruso P, Denari SDC, Ruiz SAL, Bernal KG, Manfrin GM, Friedrich C, et al. Inspiratory muscle training is ineffective in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Clin Sao Paulo Braz 2005;60:479-84.

[137] Brahmbhatt N, Murugan R, Milbrandt EB. Early mobilization improves functional outcomes in critically ill patients. Crit Care Lond Engl 2010;14:321.

[138] Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl 2009;373:1874-82.

[139] Adler J, Malone D. Early mobilization in the intensive care unit: a systematic review. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2012;23:5-13.

[140] Morris BA, Benetti M, Marro H, Rosenthal CK. Clinical practice guidelines for early mobilization hours after surgery. Orthop Nurs 2010;29(5):290-316.

[141] Winkelman C, Johnson KD, Hejal R, Gordon NH, Rowbottom J, Daly J, et al. Examining the positive effects of exercise in intubated adults in ICU: a prospective repeated measures clinical study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2012;28:307-18.

[142] Chiang L-L, Wang L-Y, Wu C-P, Wu H-D, Wu Y-T. Effects of physical training on functional status in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Phys Ther 2006;86:1271-81.

[143] Bassett AS, McDonald-McGinn DM, Devriendt K, Digilio MC, Goldenberg P, Habel A, et al. Practical guidelines for managing patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Pediatr 2011;159:332-9 [e1].

[144] Nishisaki A, Turner DA, Brown CA, Walls RM, Nadkarni VM, et al. A National Emergency Airway Registry for children: landscape of tracheal intubation in 15 PICUs. Crit Care Med 2013;41:874-85.

[145] Nishisaki A, Ferry S, Colborn S, DeFalco C, Dominguez T, Brown CA, et al. Characterization of tracheal intubation process of care and safety outcomes in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012;13:e5-10.

[146] Graciano AL, Tamburro R, Thompson AE, Fiadjoe J, Nadkarni VM, Nishisaki A. Incidence and associated factors of difficult tracheal intubations in pediatric ICUs: a report from National Emergency Airway Registry for Children: NEAR4KIDS. Intensive Care Med 2014;40:1659-69.

[147] Passi Y, Sathyamoorthy M, Lerman J, Heard C, Marino M. Comparison of the laryngoscopy views with the size 1 Miller and Macintosh laryngoscope blades lifting the epiglottis or the base of the tongue in infants and children < 2 yr of age. Br J Anaesth 2014;113:869-74.

[148] Varghese E, Kundu R. Does the Miller blade truly provide a better laryngoscopic view and intubating conditions than the Macintosh blade in small children? Paediatr Anaesth 2014;24:8285-9.

[149] Sun Y, Lu Y, Huang Y, Jiang H. Pediatric video laryngoscope versus direct laryngoscope: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Paediat Anaesth 2014;24:1056-65.

[150] Rodríguez-Núñez A, Moure-González J, Rodríguez-Blanco S, Oulego-Erroz I, Rodríguez-Rivas P, Cortiñas-Díaz J. Tracheal intubation of pediatric manikins during ongoing chest compressions. Does Glidescope® videolaryngoscope improve pediatric residents' performance? Eur J Pediatr 2014;173:1387-90.

[151] Fonte M, Oulego-Erroz I, Nadkarni L, Sánchez-Santos L, Iglesias-Vásquez A, Rodríguez-Núñez A. A randomized comparison of the GlideScope videolaryngoscope to the standard laryngoscopy for intubation by pediatric residents in simulated easy and difficult infant airway scenarios. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011;27:398-402.

[152] Pallin DJ, Dwyer RC, Walls RM, Brown CA, NEAR III Investigators. Techniques and trends, success rates, and adverse events in emergency department pediatric intubations: a report from the national emergency airway registry. Ann Emerg Med 2016;67(5):610-5.

[153] Spence K, Barr P. Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000948.

[154] Moore BM, Blumberg K, Laguna TA, Liu M, Zielinski EE, Kurachek SC. Incidental sinusitis in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012;13:e64-8.
[155] Shi F, Xiao Y, Xiong W, Zhou Q, Huang X. Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes in children: a meta-analysis. J Anesth 2016;30:3–11.

[156] Deakers TW, Reynolds G, Stretton M, Newth CJ. Cuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric intensive care. J Pediatr 1994;125:57–62.

[157] Newth CJL, Rachman B, Patel N, Hammer J. The use of cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric intensive care. J Pediatr 2004;144:333–7.

[158] Gopalareddy V, He Z, Soundar S, Bolling L, Shah M, Penfil S, et al. Assessment of the prevalence of microaspiration by gastric pepsin in the airway of ventilated children. Acta Paediatr Oslo Nor 1992 2008;97:55–60.

[159] Orliaguet G, groupe d'experts Sfar-SFMU. [Sedation and analgesia in emergency structure. Paediatry: which sedation and analgesia for child tracheal intubation?] Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2012;31:377–83.

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[173] Newth CJL, Venkataraman S, Willson DF, Meert KL, Harrison R, Dean JM, et al. Weaning and extubation readiness in pediatric patients. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009;10:1–11.

[174] Mhanna MJ, Zamel YB, Tichy CM, Super DM. The “air leak” test around the endotracheal tube, as a predictor of postextubation stridor, is age dependent in children. Crit Care Med 2002;30:2639–43.

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[176] Fioretto JR, Ribeiro CF, Carpi MF, Bonatto RC, Moraes MA, Fioretto EB, et al. Comparison between noninvasive mechanical ventilation and standard oxygen therapy in children up to 3 years old with respiratory failure after extubation: a pilot prospective randomized clinical study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015;16:124–30.
[155] Shi F, Xiao Y, Xiong W, Zhou Q, Huang X. Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes in children: a meta-analysis. J Anesth 2016;30:3–11.

[156] Deakers TW, Reynolds G, Stretton M, Newth CJ. Cuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric intensive care. J Pediatr 1994;125:57–62.

[157] Newth CJL, Rachman B, Patel N, Hammer J. The use of cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric intensive care. J Pediatr 2004;144:333–7.

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