INDEX

A

abstraction, 18, 152, 157, 233, 450

abstract, 15, 30, 126, 146, 147,
150, 156, 157, 171, 201, 427,
430

accessibility, 20, 261

accessible, 6, 52, 63, 207, 241

accountability, 6, 20, 23, 31, 150,
254, 279, 310

democratic, 2, 277

public, 277–279, 295

accounting

accrual, 312, 321, 323, 329

corporeal, 101, 103, 125

cost, 308, 329

entity, 31, 125, 187, 285, 308,
312, 314, 315

national, 10, 11, 57–59, 65, 181,
285, 359

private, 278, 307, 312, 314, 323,
324, 329, 340

statistics, 2, 10, 11, 30, 47–49, 51,
52, 57–59, 66, 113, 197, 285,
329, 359, 436

achievement, 194, 202, 258, 279,
386, 443

action, actor, 8–11, 21, 27, 31, 32,
34, 45, 48, 53–55, 57, 89, 100,
105, 110, 113, 123, 127, 137,
145, 153, 170, 172, 174, 181,
186, 189, 190, 200, 202, 219,
254, 255, 264–266, 268, 269,
279, 295, 297, 308, 346, 350,
369, 380, 381, 388, 390, 393,
405, 421, 423, 427, 430–432,
438, 439

actor-network theory, 102, 204,
234, 236

actor's theory, 436

administrative capacity, 2, 7, 314

Africa, 160, 255, 256, 260, 262–264,
266, 269

agency(ies), 7, 32, 46, 78–80, 86, 90,
98, 102, 103, 113, 114, 126,
128, 142, 219, 237, 268, 269,
311, 398, 431, 434, 436, 438,
446, 447
agreement, 62, 102, 212, 222, 228,
263, 317, 341, 347–349, 354,
357, 361, 372, 396, 400, 402,
404

disagreement, 115, 217, 232, 294,
402

alignment, 137, 254

allocation, 21, 266, 287–289, 291,
292, 326

of resources, 21, 287, 290, 291,
294

answer, response, respondent, 18, 58,
61, 63, 90, 104, 114, 122, 125,
126, 144, 172, 176–180, 183,
186, 187, 193, 199–201, 203,
206, 212, 231, 236, 237, 293,
354, 359, 383, 384, 389, 396,
405, 409, 421, 433, 434, 436,
440, 447

anticipation, expectation, 7, 9, 10, 26,
66, 83, 89, 174, 240, 297, 361,
382, 385, 398, 405, 406, 408

arbitrage
arbitrator, 423, 426, 431

facilitator, 423

assemblage, device, 22, 277, 295, 297

assessment, 1, 3, 22, 23, 63, 122,
141, 186, 293, 297, 309, 312,
319, 350, 351, 402

audit, auditing, 57, 58, 62, 224, 232,
313, 323, 338, 340–344, 354,
356, 372, 410

austerity, 24, 309, 320, 321, 329, 330

authority, 15, 20, 24–26, 46, 61,
66, 67, 86, 152, 170, 211, 213,
228, 232, 255, 258, 264, 265,
268, 343, 344, 347, 351, 363,
364, 389, 390, 397, 398, 401,
405–407, 410, 417, 424, 437,
444

authoritarianism, 72, 443

authoritative, 139, 422

autonomy, autonomous, 11, 14, 18,
34, 72, 88, 101, 110, 112, 119,
150, 194, 207, 208, 217, 237,
255, 264, 268, 321, 371, 387,
388, 405, 406

average, mean, 20, 25, 52–55, 59,
114, 158, 185, 256, 260, 312,
320, 355, 360, 362, 364, 367,
369, 370

B

Bacon, Francis, 17

Becker, Howard, 28, 422, 440,
444–448

behaviour, 3, 11–14, 54, 72, 73,
75, 76, 79, 80, 85, 86, 88, 98,
106, 119, 148, 170, 173, 176,
182–185, 188, 190, 192, 198,
240, 360, 431, 435, 444

to behave, 63, 80

benchmark, benchmarking, 1, 14,
144, 170, 241, 253, 284, 285,
295, 308, 313, 322, 323, 395,
398, 406

binary logic, 149, 151

biography(ies), 177, 192, 384

Blumer, Herbert, 27, 420–431, 438,
439, 444, 447, 448, 450, 456,
458

body(ies), 5, 12–14, 49, 62, 63,
73, 75, 78, 97–99, 102, 104,
106, 108, 110, 120, 121, 174,
177, 186, 194, 198, 201, 212,
223–225, 232, 233, 254, 256,
270, 278, 294, 343, 344, 364,
396, 423, 444

inspecting, 317

living, 99, 104–106, 109–111, 115,
121, 123, 125, 127

Boltanski, Luc, 13, 14, 17, 19, 32,
100, 102, 107, 110, 126, 127,
176, 180, 203, 204, 207, 282,
297, 314, 322, 329, 365, 370, 385, 391, 404, 458

Bourdieu, Pierre, 100, 104, 106, 123, 125, 176, 192, 202, 203, 239, 240

budget, 20, 56, 63–65, 67, 172, 254, 255, 259, 263, 266, 270, 278, 281, 286, 287, 289–291, 294, 299, 320, 323, 445

budgetary, 21, 24, 141, 259, 267, 268, 278, 281, 286, 287, 299, 309, 321

public budget, 260

bureaucracy(ies), 290, 314, 318, 330, 420, 436, 439

bureaucratic, 12, 58, 74, 145, 156, 292, 308, 346, 434, 435

C

calculation, 1, 7, 24, 25, 30, 55, 59, 67, 84, 97, 99, 105, 106, 109, 113, 121, 123, 124, 127, 276, 283, 294, 297, 298, 308, 314, 317, 320, 322–324, 338–344, 348–350, 355, 356, 358, 359, 367–369, 371, 372, 380, 410

calculative, 6, 11, 16, 30, 97, 102–104, 106, 121–123, 126, 198, 314, 318, 330, 345, 369

device, 369

self, 98, 102, 111. *See also* self

capability(ies), 13, 33, 34, 87, 100, 102, 104, 112, 124, 125, 127, 142, 158, 178, 187, 237, 319. *See also* Sen, Amartya

capacity, 30, 33, 72, 83, 89, 103, 120, 121, 156, 181, 186, 190, 204, 238, 258, 259, 264, 266, 268, 282, 308, 342–344, 349, 381, 384, 396. *See also* administrative capacity

capitalism, 51, 53, 57, 73, 83, 84, 100, 102, 104, 107, 111, 112, 115, 123, 124, 127, 128, 135, 136, 140, 141, 159, 269

immaterial, 32, 102, 106, 124, 125

new capitalism, 126, 150, 154, 161

category, 16–18, 26, 28, 55, 57, 60, 71, 77, 102, 104, 114, 140, 145, 153, 170, 173–176, 180, 184–186, 192, 193, 199, 203, 208, 210, 226, 228, 236, 237, 256–258, 324, 381–387, 396–398, 401, 404, 405, 425, 436–438, 444, 449, 450, 452, 456

categorization, 16, 59, 124, 141, 171, 192, 199, 210, 387, 388, 433. *See also* classification; codification; equivalence; nomenclature

census, 59–61, 63, 65, 67, 172, 181, 386, 387, 409, 445. *See also* inquiry; panel; poll; survey

centralization, 47, 458

centralized, 14, 46, 47, 57, 279

decentralization, 82, 255, 410

certification, 18, 19, 197, 198, 200, 202, 206, 208–212, 219, 222, 223, 234, 235

chains, 47, 150, 228, 233, 236, 255, 355, 363, 365, 383

of production, 31, 383, 385

of value, 219, 220

change(s), 8, 16, 19, 22, 32, 46, 57, 58, 61, 74, 77, 108, 111, 116, 124, 127, 136, 139, 140, 146, 147, 150, 151, 160, 170, 171, 180–182, 185, 188, 191, 209, 210, 212, 213, 219, 223, 227, 236, 237, 239, 241, 254, 259, 262, 264, 269, 270, 276, 285, 287, 292, 296–298, 312, 323,
328, 349, 367, 397, 398, 427, 440, 441, 445–447

institutional, 47, 138

symbolic, 137

China, 4, 6, 12, 71–76, 78, 81, 83–85, 87–90, 158, 408

Cicourel, Aaron, 420, 432, 433, 435–438, 440, 441, 444, 447, 448, 456

citizen, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 20, 22, 26, 32, 62, 64, 72–77, 79, 80, 83, 84, 86–88, 90, 124, 148, 171, 237, 254, 263, 265, 267, 268, 270, 297, 328, 343, 370, 387, 389, 396–398, 400

citizenship, 2, 12, 86, 140, 148, 149, 399

civic, 24, 32, 62–64, 67, 77, 79, 203, 208, 213, 217, 220, 268, 283, 295

class(es), 33, 50, 55, 60, 75, 87, 159, 161, 174, 177, 184, 185, 188, 203, 346, 454

classification, 2, 14, 16, 31, 55, 57, 59–61, 98, 192, 199, 201, 203, 239

codification, 128, 212

code, 9, 79, 80, 199, 201, 433

coding, 201, 383, 434, 450

see also category; inquiry; quantification; questionnaire

cognition, cognitive

cognitive hegemony, 136, 145, 151, 156

cognitive moment, 405

cognitive relevance, 151

cognitive tool, 151, 419, 434

collective, 8, 11, 18, 22, 26, 54, 61, 62, 74, 106, 138, 141, 153, 154, 178, 184, 185, 187–192, 200, 210, 217, 241, 282, 294, 296, 308, 338, 340–344, 346,

348, 349, 356, 367–369, 380, 382–384, 386, 387, 393, 396, 397, 400–402, 404–408

collective learning, 382, 400, 407

commensurability, 151, 308, 315, 381, 409

commensurable, 102, 381

incommensurable, 104, 105, 119

common(s)

commonality, 19, 204, 207, 209, 216, 217, 234, 237, 238

common sense, 16, 266, 433

ground, 277, 449, 451

communication, 25, 54, 82, 197–199, 201, 207, 209, 342, 362, 363, 440

community(ies), 19, 20, 107, 110, 116, 121, 148, 149, 155, 175, 188, 206, 209, 213, 223–227, 231, 241, 258, 264, 317, 385, 399, 400, 404, 407, 429, 445

comparison, 4, 15, 48, 61, 97, 119, 143, 151, 152, 154, 256, 262, 284, 295, 297, 298, 314, 316, 320, 323, 354, 355, 359, 360, 379, 403, 451

comparative, 145, 158, 160, 207, 239

comparative frame, 143

competition, competitiveness, 19, 21, 23, 25, 65, 81, 102, 120, 124, 210, 234, 238, 259, 279, 282, 283, 290, 295, 296, 308–310, 313–315, 318, 323, 329, 330, 353, 354, 356, 363, 364, 390

compromise, 33, 50, 101, 138, 142, 143, 155, 205, 206, 226, 233, 235, 327, 388, 401, 404, 407, 449

computer, computerization, 72, 83, 88, 106, 176, 178, 179, 457. See *also* calculation
concern, 18, 21, 23, 24, 34, 55, 118,
121, 123, 128, 178, 181, 199,
203, 207, 208, 210, 212, 226,
236, 237, 281, 288, 308, 319,
320, 322, 328, 329, 397, 402,
408, 446, 450

political, 9, 10, 22, 31, 154, 182,
200, 207, 217, 236, 446

social, 382

conditional, conditionality, 20, 268,
310, 328

conflict(s)

conflictual, 143, 352, 353

moral, 13, 99, 102, 103, 117, 119,
126

construction, deconstruction, 11, 21,
46, 48–50, 55, 57, 59, 60, 65,
66, 80, 125, 135, 153, 171,
173, 180, 188, 193, 199, 204,
217, 218, 234, 237, 240, 260,
275, 277, 285, 286, 295, 338,
380–382, 385, 395–397

context, 5, 8, 16–18, 27, 29, 46,
47, 53, 74, 77, 80, 85, 89, 91,
98, 102–104, 109, 113, 114,
123–125, 128, 137, 139, 143,
148, 160, 174–178, 180, 188,
190, 254, 256, 266, 269, 276,
286, 290–292, 295, 297, 307,
340, 351, 354, 361, 367, 371,
379, 403, 405, 420, 427, 431,
433, 438, 453, 454

(de)contextualizing, 117

contract, 20, 24, 26, 173, 190, 242,
256, 269, 309, 314–316, 321,
322, 324–326, 330, 390, 391

controversies, 16, 25, 52, 142, 280,
282, 288, 294, 339, 351, 355,
359, 361, 362, 369, 446, 447

convention

of coordination, 29, 32, 238

of equivalence, 29, 391

of measurement, 16

of the state, 32, 406, 410

theory, 237, 239, 240

cooperation, 202, 262–264, 348, 393,
443

coordination, 20, 29, 32, 33, 201,
202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 216,
234–236, 238, 264, 267, 310,
312, 382, 407, 408

cost(s)

accounting, 308, 329

management of, 24

minimization of, 310, 320

credit, 13, 78–81, 83, 85, 86, 90,
148, 261

social credit, 4, 6, 12, 15, 72–74,
77–81, 84–90, 158, 234

worthiness, 78–80

criteria, 57, 65, 141, 145, 181, 202,
203, 212, 219, 225, 226, 253,
270, 284, 289, 291–293, 367,
398, 399, 403

criticism, 23, 28, 72, 84, 161, 200,
204, 206–208, 211, 212, 217,
218, 222, 223, 233, 236, 237,
240, 242, 254, 317–319, 340,
369, 400, 422, 423, 428, 429,
432, 435, 438, 441, 444, 449

social, 382, 400, 404, 406–408

critics, 84, 233, 293, 400, 420

custom, customary, 19, 158, 201,
205, 210, 213, 226–228

D

Daston, Lorraine, 2, 16, 121, 233,
417, 426

data

big data, 72, 74, 82, 87, 91, 187,
418

database, dataset, 79, 81, 83, 84,
90, 99, 118, 128, 359, 449,
453, 456, 457
data building, 405

data centre, 81

data production, 30, 193, 384, 386, 418

data subjects, 73, 86, 88, 89

deliberation, dialogue, negotiation, 7, 19, 23, 25, 26, 29, 60, 101, 155, 174, 200, 207, 213, 217, 218, 223, 229, 232, 235–237, 240, 242, 267, 269, 280, 281, 287–289, 295, 296, 316, 338, 339, 344, 345, 347–349, 355–358, 369, 372, 397, 400, 404, 407

deliberative arena, 383, 385

democracy (managed)

a-democracy, 26, 382, 397, 399, 400, 406

and participation, 128, 148, 381, 401, 408

- rights, 153

democratization, democratic, 2, 8, 23, 25, 122, 170, 209, 213, 269, 277, 280, 297, 319, 321, 384, 386, 395–397, 399, 443

dependence, 188, 208, 266

Desrosières, Alain, 2, 8, 16, 26, 28–30, 45, 52, 54, 100, 101, 137, 159, 169–172, 174, 190, 193, 199, 239, 240, 255, 275, 276, 280, 284, 285, 298, 346, 359, 380, 381, 409, 417, 419

determinism, 171, 328, 432

Dewey, J., 218, 241, 399, 407

difference, 10, 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 31, 33, 64, 65, 84, 85, 88–90, 101, 128, 144, 158, 160, 169, 193, 205, 207, 217, 218, 235, 260, 277, 278, 327, 339, 356, 358, 360–363, 365, 368, 369, 394, 395, 445, 451

to differ, 207

directive, guideline. *See* Europe, European, Europeanization; governance

dispersion, variability, 17, 54, 55, 105, 383

dispute, 77, 175, 204, 206, 207, 223, 225, 227, 231–233, 282, 351, 403, 409, 423. *See also* Boltanski, Luc

distance, 5, 14, 15, 20, 119, 136, 137, 146, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 160, 200, 202, 218, 236, 241, 343, 363, 384, 385

domination

bond of, 14, 136

dominated, 61, 136, 137, 139, 150, 173, 179, 237, 238, 450, 456

subjection, 14, 136

E

economic calculation, 308, 342, 346

economics, economists, 4, 7–9, 11–13, 16, 17, 22, 28–30, 32, 33, 45, 47–51, 56–59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 71, 72, 75–78, 80, 84, 86, 87, 100–102, 104, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 141, 156, 160, 170, 172, 174, 176–178, 184, 188, 190, 193, 198, 199, 202, 210, 213, 223, 240, 261, 263–265, 269, 275, 283, 292, 293, 295, 297, 308, 313, 315, 320, 322, 340, 343, 345, 347, 348, 350, 353, 354, 356, 362, 364, 365, 368, 369, 372, 381, 384, 386, 387, 389, 392, 393, 396, 401, 402, 409

economics, sociology, 18, 27–29, 65, 100, 101, 123, 126, 186, 190, 192, 237, 239, 380, 419, 420, 422, 423, 426, 431, 432, 435,
439–441, 444, 448, 450, 457, 458

of conventions, 7–9, 13, 16, 17, 28–30, 32, 33, 102

economic unit, 315

economies of scale vs. economies of scope, 409

economizing, 23, 24, 78, 81, 128, 151, 159, 308–310, 319–321, 329, 330

education, 3, 20, 52, 74, 151, 152, 173, 180, 181, 183, 189, 235, 254–261, 265, 270, 279–283, 289, 290, 294, 297, 299, 308, 327

effectiveness, efficiency, 12, 13, 20, 48, 77, 79, 150, 183, 205, 210, 253, 256–259, 269, 282, 283, 295, 308, 310, 313, 324, 330, 354, 379, 380, 400, 401, 408, 410

Elias, Norbert, 104, 106, 125

elite, 12, 157, 161, 269, 343, 365, 386, 397, 420, 439, 441, 447

emotions, 97, 104, 106, 109, 111–117, 119, 121, 177, 187, 225

employment, 23, 26, 27, 76, 77, 172, 173, 177, 181, 182, 189, 192, 208, 235, 262, 283, 313, 339, 348, 382, 388–395, 398, 401

unemployment, 16, 26, 181, 199, 239, 257, 258, 261, 262, 381–383, 385–389, 395–397, 401, 405, 408–410

endowment, 194, 201. *See also*
capability(ies); endowment;
entitlement

engagement, 19, 22, 103, 206, 209, 213, 217, 220, 221, 224, 227, 232, 233, 238, 241, 307, 319, 327, 328, 370, 399, 449

regimes of, 19, 31, 32, 208, 209, 232, 233, 236

England, 23, 307–311, 316, 318, 320–322, 328

enterprise, firm, 76, 77, 79, 107, 141, 204, 205, 229, 242, 275, 311, 344, 368, 383, 449

entitlement, 77, 317

epistemology, epistemic, 27, 28, 107, 123, 127, 280, 295, 419, 435, 438, 457

equivalence, 197, 199, 201, 239, 280, 381. *See also* convention

Espeland, Wendy, 3, 4, 10, 15, 21, 22, 29, 98, 100, 119, 126, 159, 200, 239, 291, 296, 298, 308, 315, 318, 371, 409, 417

ethics, ethical, ethos, 3, 10, 72, 99, 100, 107, 117, 126, 212, 257, 260, 277, 328, 392, 458

ethnomethodology, 28, 432, 433, 435, 439, 441, 443, 444, 452. *See also* Becker, Howard;
Garfinkel, Harold

Europe, European, Europeanization, 2, 6, 11, 15, 26, 46, 50, 54, 58, 65, 136, 138, 139, 142, 147–149, 159, 175, 185, 235, 239, 241, 269, 277, 327, 353, 379, 382, 388, 389, 391, 393, 395, 397, 398, 401, 406, 410, 456

evaluation, valuation, value, 3, 5, 23, 32, 59, 98, 100, 103, 113, 119–121, 124, 125, 142, 147, 161, 182, 191, 198, 199, 203–205, 208, 220, 236, 239–241, 254, 262, 281, 282, 293, 295–297, 308, 309, 319, 322–327, 338, 359, 361, 370, 384, 391, 393, 399, 401, 406–408, 428

scale evaluation, 14
evidence, 8, 16-19, 27, 77, 84, 135, 139, 141, 148, 153, 156, 157, 193, 206, 217, 223-228, 231, 232, 235, 237, 285, 346, 349, 356, 370, 381, 383, 399, 401, 403, 405, 433, 450

politics of, 8, 15, 16

excellence, 279, 299, 436

experience, experiment, 18, 22, 25, 27, 28, 47, 53, 78, 99, 102, 105, 107-112, 115-117, 119, 120, 122, 138, 147, 148, 156, 176, 180, 186, 191, 193, 194, 201, 210, 222, 224, 239, 241, 255, 260, 268, 318, 319, 328, 370, 384, 386, 389, 396, 398, 401, 402, 405, 427, 429, 433, 437, 443-445

expert, expertise, 11, 20, 33, 66, 77, 107, 111, 181, 224, 235, 307, 308, 315, 324, 344, 345, 347, 356, 358, 359, 362, 365, 369, 372, 400, 420, 423

expression, 22, 48, 51, 54, 66, 115, 137, 138, 147, 149, 180, 186, 221, 232, 284, 338, 371, 396, 399, 401, 419, 426, 431, 433, 435, 443, 453, 454

F

fact, factual, 16, 30, 48, 49, 52, 64, 65, 77, 89, 145, 181, 189, 193, 261, 316, 358, 364-367, 383, 391, 403, 421, 430, 435, 437.
*See also* Bacon, Francis; factual territory

factual territory, 27, 402-405

feedback loop, 72, 83, 88, 127, 190

figures, numbers, 121, 151, 153, 255

financialization, 24, 85, 308, 309, 321, 322, 329, 330

formal vs. informal, 237

form, format, formatting, 1, 3, 9, 15, 18, 19, 22, 24, 29, 31, 32, 45-49, 52, 53, 55-58, 63, 64, 66, 99, 102, 104, 108, 111, 112, 124, 125, 127, 137, 142, 143, 145-147, 150-154, 156, 161, 172, 173, 175, 178, 179, 181, 182, 186, 197-201, 204, 207-209, 212, 213, 216, 218-220, 222-228, 232, 234, 236, 238, 242, 255, 276, 278, 280, 322, 325, 329, 369, 393, 399, 403, 429, 434, 437

Foucauldian approach, 13, 31

Foucault, Michel, 7, 9, 12, 13, 29-34, 86, 87, 98-101, 104, 106, 112, 125, 126, 146-148, 159, 176, 198, 204, 235-237, 239, 298, 312

frame, framing, reframed, 23, 97, 102, 110, 120, 121, 124, 137, 144-146, 148, 152, 154, 157, 159, 227, 262, 267, 368, 381, 391, 396, 407

France, 2, 6, 7, 17, 21, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 148, 149, 169-174, 176, 184, 190, 193, 207, 239, 278, 281, 286, 292, 296, 298, 339, 345, 347, 350, 351, 354-356, 359, 360, 362-369, 371, 382, 385, 386, 390, 391, 393, 394, 396, 401, 405, 409, 418

fraud, 80, 210

freedom, 10, 22, 27, 33, 34, 52, 71, 84, 126, 151, 177, 186, 387, 396, 403, 445, 451

free, 14, 81, 87, 99, 115, 137, 141, 187, 190, 213, 311, 314, 395, 443

free from numbers, 103, 418, 456
G

game theory, 77, 80

gaming, 3, 6, 21, 327, 330, 410

Garfinkel, Harold, 28, 432–435

generation vs. verification, 450

Germany, 4, 26, 75, 107, 239, 382, 385, 387, 393, 394, 401, 405, 419

globalisation, 147, 197

governance

and participation, 241, 381

by numbers, 1, 3, 4, 6, 22, 26, 152, 156, 309, 389, 406

by standards, 18, 19, 209, 210

guidance, 212, 213, 219, 354, 356, 392

instruments of, 14, 147, 148, 152, 381

levels of, 145

territorial, 147, 149. *See also*
directive, guideline; Europe,
European, Europeanization

government, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20–22, 24, 33, 45, 46, 62, 66, 72, 75–86, 88, 90, 101, 158, 160, 174, 177, 190, 210, 222, 224, 231, 234, 255, 258–260, 264–268, 277–279, 286, 287, 289, 292, 293, 298, 307, 311, 312, 314, 320–323, 325, 326, 329, 330, 343, 347, 371, 380, 431, 438

governmentality. *See* Foucault, Michel; governance

Guadeloupe, 6, 24, 25, 337, 339–342, 344–347, 349–352, 354, 355, 359–362, 364–372

guarantee, 22, 57, 182, 198, 232, 234, 270, 340, 341, 389, 390

H

Hacking, Ian, 2, 31, 380, 418

harmonic/harmonization, 185, 192

hazard, contingencies, 210, 392, 436

hegemony, 84, 126, 190

HM Prison and Probation Service
(HMPPS), 23, 307, 310, 313, 316

Hood, Christopher, 3, 277, 278, 284, 292, 307, 310, 410

Hopwood, Anthony, 2, 6, 30, 315

horizontal vs vertical, 151

human

activities, 115, 126, 217, 291, 293, 401

humankind, 80

posthuman, 73, 88, 89

I

ideal city, 8, 9, 15

ideology, ideological, 12, 16, 73, 75–77, 161, 237, 270, 391, 407

impact, 1, 10, 23, 77, 108, 198, 205, 255, 259, 283, 286, 296, 324–327, 341, 348, 353, 385, 388, 394, 398, 408, 443

implementation, 9, 18–20, 26, 79, 84, 86, 171, 198–200, 202, 214, 222, 223, 261, 267, 275, 277, 285, 324, 338, 351, 354, 379, 393, 403

incentive, 23, 79, 80, 98, 152, 181, 240, 259, 260, 280, 281, 285, 291, 292, 327, 393

market, 313

*see also* market, marketization

indexes, 11, 59, 359, 369, 370, 372

indication, 21, 25, 86, 146, 172, 211, 270, 317, 365, 436

indicator(s)

biased, 270, 397

measuring, 253, 256, 279, 294, 297, 380

of performance, 3, 20–22, 119, 120, 152, 159, 241, 253, 255,
257, 259, 262, 266, 270,
276-280, 283, 285-287, 291,
292, 294, 297, 380, 392, 398

quantitative, 152, 241, 255, 259,
279, 295, 297, 392

indifference, indifferent, 137, 150,
156, 157, 161, 343, 432, 435

individual, 3, 12-14, 16, 18, 19, 22,
25, 47, 52-56, 60, 61, 71-80,
86-88, 90, 99, 100, 102-104,
106, 110, 111, 113, 114, 122,
123, 125, 127, 158, 170, 171,
177, 179, 181-183, 186-191,
198, 204, 207-210, 212-214,
216-218, 222, 234, 235, 237,
238, 264, 290, 292-294, 296,
308, 318, 319, 321, 339, 355,
363-365, 370, 383-386, 389,
390, 392, 398, 422, 423, 443,
458

individualism, 72, 178

individual, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22,
25, 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 60, 61,
71-75, 77-80, 86-88, 90, 99,
100, 102-104, 106, 110, 112,
113, 122, 123, 125, 127, 158,
170, 171, 177, 179, 181-183,
187-191, 198, 204, 207-210,
212-214, 216-218, 222, 234,
235, 237, 238, 241, 257, 264,
290, 292-294, 296, 308, 318,
319, 321, 339, 355, 363-365,
370, 383-386, 389, 392, 398,
422, 423, 443, 458
behaviour, 3, 12, 54, 75, 76,
79, 80, 86, 181, 188, 190,
240, 389

eligibility, 76

fate, 76

inequality

as a bond of domination, 14, 136

as a distributive difference, 14, 136

measuring, 135, 150

semantic field of, 136, 139, 155

spatialization of, 147-150, 237

information, 1, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19,
28, 31, 45, 46, 56, 57, 63, 64,
75, 77, 79, 81-85, 87, 90, 108,
144, 158, 175, 177, 179-182,
188, 191, 193, 199, 210, 212,
216, 223-225, 228, 237, 254,
260, 261, 269, 294, 312, 318,
341, 343-345, 348, 356, 364,
386, 395, 399, 402, 424, 431,
434, 441, 451, 456

informational basis of judgement in
justice (IBJJ), 143, 402, 403. *See*
*also* Sen, Amartya

infrastructure, 7, 10, 12, 17, 18, 73,
76, 78, 80, 81, 85-88, 146,
170-173, 175-191, 193, 259,
260, 265, 448

inquiry, 191, 224, 228, 233, 343,
371, 383, 386, 396, 401, 404,
405, 420, 423, 424

deliberative, 404, 405

institution(s), 6, 8, 13, 15, 31, 32,
45, 52, 60, 79, 80, 102-104,
111, 124, 127, 137, 138, 140,
148, 150, 154, 157, 173-175,
177, 180, 184, 190, 240, 255,
257, 265, 279, 290, 298, 307,
338, 347, 350, 356, 382, 386,
388, 396, 401, 406, 422, 433,
436, 440, 449

institutional change, 47, 138

machinery, 383

instrumentalization, manipulation, 3,
88

interactionism, 431

symbolic, 27, 28, 421, 422, 430,
432, 439, 452

*see also* Blumer, Herbert
interest, 2, 3, 28, 31, 50, 83, 103,
138, 142, 178, 183, 187, 189,
204, 207, 212, 222, 232, 269,
282, 314, 315, 318, 325, 353,
400, 432

internalizing, 380

international, 47, 97, 169, 212, 219,
225, 254, 256, 259, 260, 262,
263, 266, 267, 284, 298, 330,
339–341, 359, 379, 390

experts, 20, 254

institutions, 46, 181, 256, 267

internet, 82, 83, 98, 101, 106, 108,
113, 151, 372, 457

digital, 12–14, 72, 73, 82, 85, 89,
107, 148, 234, 418

on line, 46, 145

interpret, interpretation, 16, 27, 30,
48, 52, 53, 55, 110, 121, 142,
146, 152, 155, 161, 298, 361,
362, 383, 393, 410, 421, 427,
428, 431, 432, 436, 447, 452,
456

interview, monograph, interviewee,
108, 115, 118–121, 171, 176,
178, 179, 181, 191, 220, 371,
372, 386, 437

investment in form, 101, 102, 199,
201

isolation, 266, 436

J

judgment, statement, 63, 64, 90,
126, 198, 204, 206, 217, 225,
231–233, 298, 383, 391, 400,
402–404, 422, 433, 446. *See also*
assessment, informational basis of
judgement in justice (IBJJ)

judicial, 175, 200, 223, 231–233, 260

justice, 27, 71, 141, 145, 158, 203,
210, 260, 290, 382, 383, 386,
397, 401–403, 405, 408

and moralization, 140, 145

principle of justice, 386–388, 395,
401, 403, 404

*see also* informational basis of
judgement in justice (IBJJ)

justification, 30, 102, 111, 126, 139,
157, 204, 206, 209–211, 223,
235, 239, 241, 257, 267, 282,
390, 392, 397–399, 425

K

Knight, Frank, 122

knowledge

common, 9, 201, 208, 210, 225,
238, 399, 407

general, 9, 26, 152, 172, 381, 386

practical, 19, 27, 201, 384, 404,
405

L

language(s), 11, 19, 57, 58, 66, 74,
79, 137–139, 146, 150, 154,
156, 170, 236, 258, 323, 398,
400, 443, 452

law, lawyer, 3, 11, 18, 21, 22, 25, 31,
51–53, 56, 71, 72, 79, 84, 140,
148, 160, 171, 173, 174, 184,
190, 200, 210–212, 226, 233,
234, 278, 279, 292, 293, 298,
299, 362, 363, 368, 383, 386,
387, 436

Lazarsfeld, Paul, 27, 420, 422,
424–428, 438, 443, 450, 454,
456

legitimacy, legitimizing, 4, 18, 45, 52,
57, 65, 74, 197, 200, 203, 204,
206, 209, 211, 213, 216, 232,
268, 269, 282, 339, 343, 350,
365, 405
M

Mali, 6, 19, 20, 152, 254–258, 260,
261, 263, 265, 271

managerialism, 313, 314

market

economy, 78, 79, 81, 270

global, 81

marketization, 24, 72, 78, 314, 330

Marxism, Marxist, 52, 53, 55, 60, 65,
201, 202, 443, 445, 446

Mead, George Herbert, 421, 430

meaning, 10, 14–16, 26, 88, 98, 101,
123, 125–127, 135–137, 142,
146, 147, 151, 153, 154, 156,
157, 159, 160, 174, 175, 181,
191, 198, 206, 255, 263, 266,
269, 297, 384, 388, 390, 397,
398, 401, 407, 419, 427, 431,
434, 450, 457

measure, measurement

measurement of distance
of inequality, 153
of poverty, 141, 142, 144

measuring, 103, 111, 113–116,
118, 119, 135, 150, 160, 189,
279, 294, 297, 317, 329, 379,
427, 443

metrics, 3, 14, 23, 103, 106, 117,
161, 292, 309, 312

Miller, Peter, 2, 5–7, 10, 13, 15, 22,
29–33, 98, 101, 103, 109, 126,
146, 198–200, 236, 242, 285,
295, 298, 308–310, 312, 315,
318, 319, 323, 389

Mills, C. Wright, 420, 440, 450

model, 17, 18, 46–48, 59–61, 65,
66, 87, 138, 148, 170–172,
174–179, 181–190, 192, 193,
201, 203–206, 226, 263, 268,
269, 289, 292, 294, 325, 384,
389, 392, 397, 428, 431, 432,
454

monitoring, 82, 87, 108, 109, 224,
231, 241, 314, 316, 324, 372,
392

monograph, 386

morality, 79, 84, 107

moral conviction, 72

moral filter, 72

multinational, 233

N

negotiation, 25, 60, 174, 200,
207, 218, 229, 242, 267, 280,
281, 287–289, 295, 296, 316,
338, 339, 344, 345, 347–349,
355–358, 369, 371, 372

neoliberalism, 13, 72, 77, 87, 89, 91,
169, 171, 190, 191, 309, 400

New Public Management (NPM), 3,
4, 16, 21, 97, 277, 285, 290,
292, 307, 309, 310, 382, 388,
410

nomenclature, 16, 30, 174, 239, 383,
390

non-governmental organizations
(NGOs), 19, 20, 205, 212,
219, 220, 222, 223, 225, 226,
228–231, 233, 238

normativity, normative, 99, 125, 126,
138, 139, 145, 146, 155–157,
160, 171, 183, 198, 200, 210,
211, 227, 233, 235, 241, 295,
381, 390–392, 397

mode of, 223, 233, 242

number(s)

and abstraction, 15, 30, 126, 146,
147, 156, 157, 171, 233

and depoliticization, 156

and parsimony, 151, 160

governance by, 1, 3, 4, 6, 22, 26,
152, 156, 309, 389, 406

language of, 146, 154, 156

law of large, 11, 52, 53
O

obedience, adherence, 89

objective, 10, 16, 18, 19, 21, 26,
59, 66, 80, 110, 125, 151,
152, 157, 160, 172, 176, 177,
181-183, 189, 193, 197, 198,
200, 212-214, 216, 219, 220,
223, 227, 232, 233, 242, 255,
259, 260, 262, 265, 267, 276,
278, 279, 284, 286, 289, 292,
294, 317, 379-381, 389, 392,
393, 401-404, 410, 425, 426,
431, 434, 436, 441, 443, 446

objectivity

a-perspectival, 16, 27, 426

mechanical, 121, 152, 426

positional, 17

see also Daston, Lorraine; Porter,
Theodore; Sen, Amartya

object(s), 14, 15, 19, 31, 98, 105,
106, 109, 111, 113, 123, 125,
156, 161, 171, 179, 188, 189,
205, 208, 234, 236, 341, 351,
383, 384, 399, 400, 402, 404,
409, 421-424, 427, 430, 431,
433, 434, 443, 445

oppression, 171, 369, 446. See
also domination; hegemony;
subordination

optimum

optimal, 26, 381, 389, 395, 400

optimization, 105, 120

to optimize, 87, 99

option, 172, 182, 198, 207, 208,
212, 214, 218, 235, 238, 297,
383

order, 10, 12, 19, 30, 32, 51,
60, 62, 71, 72, 74-82, 84,
86-88, 98, 102, 124, 127, 136,
140, 146-148, 152, 155, 202,
204-208, 210, 213, 220, 223,
235-237, 240, 282, 284, 297,

298, 318, 329, 383, 393, 409,
433, 438

organisation, 193

activities, 28, 72, 87, 240, 308,
433, 435

procedures, 19, 174, 223, 225,
232, 410, 436

outcomes, results, 20, 21, 25, 26, 31,
55-57, 60, 62, 67, 120, 122,
128, 152, 171, 173, 178, 182,
183, 186, 188, 189, 193, 223,
225, 236, 254, 255, 258, 260,
262, 265, 268, 270, 278-281,
284, 286, 295, 296, 308, 313,
325, 326, 328, 339, 351, 357,
360-362, 380, 383, 385, 391,
393, 397, 400, 410, 453

P

panel, 17, 18, 170, 175, 176,
179-183, 187-191, 193, 240. See
also census; inquiry; survey; poll

parliament, 21, 277, 278, 286, 287,
314, 353, 386

participation, 19, 26, 86, 112, 128,
174, 181, 183, 213, 219, 220,
222, 237, 283, 294, 319, 381,
382, 397, 400-402, 405, 408
to participate, 12, 241

perception, 105, 110, 141, 176, 177,
180, 217, 285, 381

performance, 3, 5, 21-23, 26, 72,
75, 110-112, 116, 119, 141,
152, 224, 255, 256, 264,
270, 277-280, 283, 285-288,
290, 291, 295-297, 307-309,
311-318, 320, 322, 324, 325,
330, 379, 382, 389, 392, 393,
395, 399, 410

indicators of, 3, 20-22, 119, 120,
152, 159, 241, 253, 255, 257,
259, 262, 266, 270, 276-279,
285–287, 291, 292, 294, 297, 380, 392, 398

measurement, 1, 3, 23, 24, 98, 121, 278, 299, 312, 314, 315, 318–320

person, 32, 80, 89, 113, 114, 117, 127, 142, 143, 171, 178, 186, 187, 189, 191, 194, 234, 311, 345, 383, 384, 390, 394, 395, 454

personal, 34, 76, 85, 89, 98, 110, 111, 113, 117, 121, 127, 140, 177, 186, 188, 190, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207, 208, 218, 223, 228, 291, 318, 343, 384, 401, 426, 429, 437, 457
dossier, 12, 74, 75, 77
file, 74, 75, 90

see also individual; subject

perspective, a-perspectival, 10, 16, 17, 23, 27, 29, 45, 53, 58, 107, 115, 126, 135, 137, 139, 142, 143, 155, 161, 170, 193, 199, 202, 217, 284, 308, 309, 388, 405, 426, 441

perverse effect, 327

place, 9, 15, 54, 59, 74, 82, 136, 140, 141, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154, 159, 173, 176, 177, 179, 188, 190, 205, 206, 209, 210, 214, 218, 222, 235, 241, 254, 269, 316, 317, 426, 443

plan, planning, 6, 11, 19, 45–47, 49–52, 54, 55, 57–59, 62, 64, 66, 78–81, 84, 86, 90, 147, 181, 185, 186, 188, 209, 213, 219, 223, 224, 232, 278, 279, 282, 310, 312, 329, 354, 392

platform, 9, 23, 78, 79, 83, 85, 116, 342, 353, 371

pluralism

plurality of

cities, 204, 395, 396, 400, 404, 405

methods of quantification, 23, 400, 408

orders, 32

worlds, 26, 32, 208, 381

politics, policy, polity, 2, 4, 5, 12, 15, 17–19, 22, 29, 32, 34, 77, 81, 87, 88, 98, 139–141, 143, 147, 148, 154, 157, 161, 182, 197, 199, 200, 207, 213, 234–239, 241, 254, 257, 258, 260, 262, 264, 267, 286, 299, 308, 325, 329, 340, 349, 352, 353, 371, 379, 381, 382, 384, 388, 392, 393, 399, 408, 410, 420, 445

and depoliticization, 155, 156, 161

political

participation, 22, 148, 399

poll, 28, 205, 418, 421–424, 430, 435, 456

Porter, Theodore, 2, 4, 16, 22, 50–52, 66, 97, 121, 233, 279, 296, 406, 417, 426

position, positional, 15, 17, 29, 47, 57, 105, 123, 128, 137, 140, 151, 153, 154, 161, 206, 238, 261, 281, 284, 290, 299, 338, 343, 344, 346, 347, 352, 353, 365, 368, 390, 399, 421, 431, 438, 439, 444, 445, 450, 453

positivism, positivist, 28, 441, 443, 446

possibility(ies), 4, 12, 13, 19, 22, 25, 27, 31, 34, 62, 87, 104, 107, 116, 118, 119, 126, 193, 198, 209, 237, 299, 318, 342, 365, 369, 371, 396, 400, 403, 405, 408, 425

poverty, 14, 15, 136, 140–146, 157, 158, 160, 352, 391, 392, 446

absolute and relative, 142, 143, 154
semantics of, 138, 140, 141, 145, 158

power, 5–8, 11–15, 21–25, 32–34, 45, 57, 65, 66, 71, 73, 86, 89, 98, 99, 101, 102, 120, 126, 135, 138, 146, 150, 151, 153–157, 161, 184, 190, 201, 204, 208, 232, 234, 236–238, 266, 269, 278, 285, 289, 296, 313, 330, 338, 339, 342, 343, 347, 349–351, 354, 355, 359, 360, 369, 417, 419, 422, 438, 447–449

cognitive, 5, 136, 150, 151, 156, 161, 202

political, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 22, 45, 73, 74, 86, 87, 89, 136–138, 153–155, 161, 190, 237, 289, 339, 343, 350, 400, 419, 420

*see also* hegemony

Power, Michael, 3, 10, 224, 308, 312, 313, 315, 410

practice(s), 3, 5, 6, 8, 19, 29–31, 33, 47, 48, 54, 58, 59, 72, 74, 76, 82, 86–88, 97–101, 103, 105, 107–113, 123, 152, 169, 176, 186, 198–202, 206, 225, 226, 235, 237, 240–242, 256, 257, 262, 263, 265, 269, 270, 291, 296, 309, 310, 320, 323, 329, 339–343, 353–356, 358, 364, 365, 368–370, 379, 380, 390–392, 403, 406–408, 427, 431, 433, 434, 436, 438, 443

pragmatism, pragmatist, 28, 126, 202, 204, 205, 208, 218, 234, 241, 421, 432, 440, 450. *See also*
Dewey, J.

priority(ies), 56, 60, 74, 79, 172, 254, 258, 259, 262, 264, 293, 325, 379, 404

prison(s), 23, 24, 67, 150, 175, 260, 279, 307–325, 327–330. *See also*
HM Prison and Probation Service
(HMPPS)

privacy, private, 5, 23, 24, 76, 81, 82, 84, 116, 136, 170, 173, 175, 200, 206, 229, 232, 234, 235, 253, 259, 265, 277–279, 292, 309, 310, 312, 314, 316, 319, 321–325, 328–330, 342

privatization, 23, 76, 307–312, 314, 322, 323, 328

probability, 52–55, 67, 122, 174, 185, 299, 322

procedure

methodological, 109, 436

organizational, 19, 174, 223, 225, 232, 410, 436

political, 26, 174, 185, 211, 223, 385, 397, 399, 410

*see also* convention; rule

process(es), 8, 11, 16, 19, 23, 24, 26, 28, 33, 34, 53, 56, 61, 62, 64, 65, 82, 98, 99, 102, 112, 120, 123, 136, 137, 141, 146, 148, 152, 155, 157, 160, 171, 177, 178, 180, 182, 184–187, 192, 197–199, 202, 203, 205, 206, 209, 210, 213, 217, 219, 224, 232, 234, 235, 237, 239, 259, 262, 264, 268–270, 275, 277, 278, 285, 294, 295, 297, 299, 308, 309, 312, 315, 319, 321, 322, 327, 329, 330, 338, 344, 349, 381–383, 385, 391, 393, 395–397, 399, 400, 402, 405–409, 417, 421, 422, 424, 426–428, 430, 433–437, 446–448, 451, 452

profit, profitability, 24, 102, 263, 282, 322, 338, 339, 341, 356, 358, 364, 390
maximizing, 343

programme

adjustment, 257, 265

development, 255, 265

management of, 172, 236, 265

research, 29, 200, 207, 237

sectoral, 267

project, 4, 12, 16, 20, 48, 64, 71, 72,
82, 91, 121, 124, 128, 209, 217,
239, 254, 270, 288, 319, 381,
385, 431, 443, 448, 452

promotion, 12, 18, 76, 176, 220, 342

promoting, 219

to promote, 72, 79, 269, 342

proof

fabricating, 381, 397, 398

procedural, 224, 225, 227, 228

quantitative, 397, 398

property, 31, 32, 183–185, 187, 210,
227, 238, 265, 283, 324, 391,
434

provider, 292, 309, 310, 312, 314,
323–327, 329, 447

public

administration, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 21,
170, 184, 185, 259, 260, 265,
277, 278, 286, 295, 312, 342,
344, 347, 386, 398

expenditure, 259, 266

policies, 1, 3, 5, 6, 16, 18, 20, 21,
23, 26, 145, 147, 181, 182,
189, 253–255, 259, 260, 263,
264, 266, 269, 270, 278–280,
286, 297, 345, 349, 350, 379,
380, 382, 386, 392, 398, 399,
402, 406

services, 1, 3, 5, 21, 23, 97, 185,
259, 265, 266, 278, 280, 285,
286, 292, 296, 297, 309, 310,
312, 314, 321–323, 328, 342,
349

publication/publishing, 4, 21, 28,
58, 60, 90, 185, 283–285, 288,
291–296, 298, 357, 361, 364,
368, 369, 421, 428, 448, 449,
453

Q

qualitative, 4, 10, 27–29, 101,
128, 284, 297, 318, 381, 392,
418–421, 424–426, 428, 431,
438, 439, 443, 445, 449–454,
456–458

qualitative sociology, 27, 28, 208,
418–421, 440, 449–454, 456

quality

qualification, 62, 151, 153, 156,
158, 203, 204, 212, 220, 236,
239, 240, 317

qualitative, 4, 10, 27–29, 101,
128, 284, 297, 318, 381, 392,
418–420, 424–426, 428, 431,
438, 439, 443, 449–451, 456,
457

to qualify, 118, 232, 237

quantification, 1, 2, 4–11, 13–15,
17, 22–34, 47, 48, 57, 58, 65,
66, 81, 89, 97, 98, 100, 101,
103, 105, 107, 109, 116, 119,
136, 137, 140–142, 144–146,
151, 152, 154, 155, 159–161,
169–171, 191, 197, 202,
205, 208, 234–237, 239, 275,
276, 278–280, 285, 286, 294,
296–299, 308, 309, 312–315,
317–319, 321–325, 328–330,
338, 339, 343, 345, 350,
355, 357, 358, 363, 364, 369,
370, 379–382, 385, 386, 388,
389, 391, 395, 397, 400–406,
408, 417–422, 424, 425, 428,
431–438, 440, 441, 443–445,
448, 449, 452, 453, 456–458
quantifiable, 16, 19, 78, 110, 197,
198, 205, 229, 313, 327

to quantify, 117, 237, 261, 278,
358, 370

quantified self (QS), 4, 13, 91, 98,
100–104, 106, 107, 109–112,
116, 117, 123–128, 234

quantifying process, 280

quantity, 10, 27, 28, 59, 135, 154,
318, 417–420, 426, 435, 441,
444, 445, 448, 449, 451, 454,
456, 457

questionnaire, 172, 176, 178, 179,
186, 191, 201, 383–385, 405,
427, 429, 433–436, 445

R

raison d'être, 276, 294

random

model, 53, 54

randomization, 11

selection, 54, 55, 61

survey, 53–55, 61, 172, 185, 365

ranking, 1, 3, 4, 23, 98, 143, 151,
152, 159, 160, 204, 240, 253,
256, 257, 260, 284, 285, 293,
295, 296, 308, 309, 329, 402,
410

rate, 5, 21, 26, 28, 78, 152, 181, 255,
258, 260, 261, 270, 282–284,
315, 317, 325, 327, 328, 339,
382, 383, 386, 389–393, 398,
401, 433–436, 453

rate producing, 433, 435, 436

ratio, 59, 259, 261, 266, 281, 283,
287, 288, 291

rating, 1, 4, 23, 72, 78–80, 83,
85, 98, 151, 152, 308, 309,
312–315, 318–320, 329, 330,
398

rationale, 78, 79, 185, 280, 288, 289,
296, 308, 309, 329

rationalism

rational, 7, 80, 120, 381, 384, 389,
393, 395, 401

rational choice, 12, 77, 190, 396

“real”, reality

fabricated, 441

interpretative realism, 433

realization, 10

reason, reasonable, 30, 48, 52, 55,
72, 152, 158, 190, 206, 216,
222, 227, 258, 265, 266, 281,
314, 343, 359, 360, 403, 423,
425, 433, 436, 441, 451

recipient, 20, 125, 141, 254, 255,
260, 262–270

recognition, 33, 57, 85, 87, 148, 150,
153, 161, 180, 205, 324, 438

reference, 25, 29, 49, 53, 103, 112,
136, 143, 148, 149, 153, 157,
159, 161, 170, 176, 181, 182,
187, 193, 225, 339, 359, 360,
390, 409, 441

framework, 136, 140, 161, 254,
268, 270

to refer, 184

reform(s), 21–23, 73, 75, 91, 102,
236, 239, 254, 256, 258, 259,
265, 267, 275, 277, 285, 287,
293, 297, 307, 309, 310, 312,
318, 319, 324, 329, 330, 352,
380, 388, 399

registration, 19, 74, 90, 288

regulation, regulatory, 5–7, 24, 31,
65, 79, 138–140, 175, 198, 200,
201, 212, 223, 234, 289, 298,
314, 337, 340, 341, 344, 362,
364, 368, 383, 396, 408

reliability, reliable, 64, 85, 102, 109,
182, 198, 200, 261, 450

representation, 1, 2, 11, 25, 45–47,
54–57, 66, 106, 113, 116, 117,
126, 152, 155, 185, 203, 217,
219, 220, 257, 356, 361–363,
367, 399, 402, 407

representative, 185, 220, 406

representativeness, 185

resident, 75, 76, 78, 184

responsibility, responsible, 12, 75, 76,
81, 86, 99, 138, 140, 161, 199,
210, 213, 214, 216, 234, 254,
255, 264, 268, 314, 315, 318,
324, 357, 365, 387, 388, 393

reward vs. penalty, punishment, 12,
86, 292, 295

risk, 1, 53, 77, 122, 141, 152, 269,
352, 357, 409

rule, 7, 13, 18, 19, 71, 72, 87,
160, 200–202, 217, 222, 232,
234, 259, 267, 296, 308, 309,
314, 343, 379, 383, 389, 393,
397–399, 403, 406, 426, 433,
450

procedural, 232, 277

substantive, 450

S

Salais, Robert, 1, 2, 4, 7–9, 13, 16,
17, 25–28, 31, 32, 34, 100, 123,
140, 157–161, 190, 199, 200,
204, 210, 238, 240, 241, 262,
276, 295, 297, 319, 327, 328,
330, 385, 387, 388, 399, 403,
406, 409, 410, 457

sample, 54–56, 61, 64, 65, 157, 173,
182, 193, 326, 361, 363, 418,
423, 429, 443

random, 54, 55, 61, 172, 178, 185,
326

stratified sample, 55

see also model; selection

science, scientific, 2, 5, 11, 17, 29,
31, 45–52, 58, 59, 66, 74, 81,
84, 85, 97, 98, 110, 140, 141,
145, 152, 153, 156, 157, 180,

182, 186, 202, 233, 256, 288,
291, 293, 298, 380, 405, 408,
419, 425, 426, 431, 435, 443,
451, 452

score, 13, 15, 72, 84–87, 115,
119, 253, 258, 260, 389,
393, 398. *See also* benchmark,
benchmarking; indicator(s); New
Public Management (NPM);
performance; rating

selection, 54, 55, 174, 182, 185, 223

self

assessment, 104, 122

governance, 72

observation, 14, 98, 106, 109

optimization, 104, 123

producing, 381, 399

quantification, 4, 13, 31, 97–105,
107–109, 111, 115, 123–125,
127, 128, 234, 237

technology of the, 13, 98, 100,
104, 106

selfishness, 80

semantic(s), 136, 146–148, 151, 157,
169, 454

semantic field, 136, 139, 155, 160

semantic shift, 14, 136, 137, 139,
140, 237

Sen, Amartya, 15, 17, 27, 33, 34,
142–144, 154, 158, 160, 178,
187, 193, 194, 383, 397,
402–404, 408, 410

Sennett, Richard, 102, 124, 137, 150,
161

separation(s), 11, 15, 29, 136, 145,
147, 149, 150

settlement, 225, 423, 431. *See also*
agreement; deliberation, dialogue,
negotiation

sharing, exchanging, 79, 81, 98, 110,
111, 153, 220, 358
situation, situated, 14, 25, 27, 32–34,
50, 56, 61, 114, 119, 122,
137, 153, 170, 173, 176–179,
182, 183, 185, 186, 188,
189, 192, 206, 222, 228, 233,
238, 266, 269, 287, 299, 341,
342, 345, 348, 350, 352, 358,
363, 367, 369, 371, 384, 385,
387–391, 396–398, 402–405,
410, 417, 421, 427, 432, 433,
451, 456. See also action, actor;
coordination; state

social

belonging, 82, 105, 177, 184, 185,
187, 387

conduct, 12, 13, 27, 61, 63, 83,
86, 87, 342, 435

coordination, 13, 201, 234, 382,
407, 408

engineering, 12, 72, 125

protection, 81, 138, 148, 263, 264,
390

reform, 11, 138, 263, 275, 276,
324, 388, 399

statistics, 2, 6, 7, 10, 11, 17, 26,
28, 45–53, 56, 59, 60, 62–64,
101, 159, 173, 174, 185, 190,
199, 201, 239, 292, 299, 381,
382, 385–387, 389, 421, 433,
434, 443, 444, 453

studies, 7, 29, 33, 89, 113, 178,
233, 242, 275, 363, 417, 433,
434

social contract, 264

social impact bonds (SIBs), 24, 309,
321, 325–330

socialism, 57, 58, 81

post, 73, 76, 80, 85, 87

socialist, 6, 10, 11, 46–50, 52, 53,
56, 60, 65, 66, 75, 76, 78, 81,
87, 90

social media, 82, 116

sociology

comprehensive, 192, 432, 445

phenomenological, 432

qualitative, 27–29, 208, 418–421,
424, 425, 428, 438, 440,
449–454, 456–458

quantitative, 27–29, 208, 240,
418–421, 426–429, 433, 438,
439, 445, 450–453, 456–458

radical, 420, 439, 440, 444–446,
448, 449

solidarity, 100, 210, 217, 264, 269,
282, 292

Soviet Union, 57, 74, 138, 239. See
also USSR

space

open, 14, 19, 149, 200, 216, 217,
219, 221, 222, 224, 265

spatial, 15, 136, 146–148, 150

spatialization, 146–149

see also place; power; situation,
situated; territory

stakeholder, 207, 212, 229, 233, 241,
322, 397

standard, 18, 19, 57, 58, 65, 79,
141, 142, 145, 155, 172,
188, 198, 200, 201, 205, 206,
208–213, 219, 222–225, 227,
228, 231–233, 235, 241, 242,
257, 307, 311, 317, 384, 389,
390, 398, 405–407, 446

standardization, 16, 31, 151, 205,
206, 212, 234, 235, 406, 458

to standardize, 18, 115, 201, 205,
279

statactivism, 7, 23, 24, 160, 369, 410

statactivist, 338, 345, 369, 457

state

building, 11, 45, 74, 387, 405, 406

convention of the, 406, 410

government, 2, 6, 20, 30, 45, 46,
66, 71, 72, 74–77, 82–86, 88,
190, 234, 253, 263-265, 268, 278, 309, 314, 321, 347, 380

statistics

official, 58-60, 175, 176, 184, 351, 352, 364, 369, 420, 434-436, 438, 447

statistical apparatus, 11

status, 26, 49, 51, 55, 66, 106, 148, 173, 181, 184, 192, 256, 257, 293, 296, 299, 381, 403, 410, 428, 439

subject, 17, 31, 52, 54, 60, 62-64, 76, 82, 88, 90, 112-114, 122, 140, 152, 155, 156, 170, 184, 185, 189, 191, 349, 369, 395.

*See also* individual; person

subjective, subjectivity, 16, 17, 31, 86, 101, 103, 109, 113, 124-127, 152, 156, 177, 178, 180, 186, 192, 193, 318, 328, 426.

*See also* objective; objectivity

subordination, 14, 101, 437

Supiot, Alain, 3, 4, 15, 17, 19, 22, 138, 156, 160, 161, 170, 184-187, 194, 253, 276, 292, 296-298, 309, 312, 318, 327, 329, 389

surveillance, 12, 14, 72-78, 82-85, 87, 88, 90, 100, 109, 148, 353, 364, 367

survey, 27, 28, 49, 52-56, 61, 63-65, 67, 107, 157, 160, 170, 172-177, 182, 185, 191-193, 199, 208, 219, 234, 319, 351, 352, 357, 365, 418-421, 423, 424, 427-429, 431, 435-438, 443-445, 447-449, 456

longitudinal, 175, 181, 182, 193

representative, 17, 170, 174, 176, 179, 181, 182, 184-186, 189, 190, 360, 444

*See also* inquiry; panel; poll

sustainability, 198, 211, 222, 226

T

target, targeting, 3, 4, 20, 26, 56, 99, 176, 179, 182, 253, 257, 260, 262, 278, 280, 285, 308, 311, 313-317, 325-327, 388, 389

taxonomy, 13, 31, 97, 99, 103, 104, 107, 110, 124, 125, 127

technocracy, technocratic, 262, 263, 280

technology of government, 7, 8

territory, 15, 55, 146, 148-150, 219, 227, 228, 232, 266, 341, 361, 362, 367, 404

factual, 27, 402, 403, 405

theoretical, 7, 16, 17, 31, 51-53, 60, 100, 138, 176, 180, 188, 189, 201, 217, 356, 358, 398, 403, 427

game theory, 77, 80

theory, 11, 30, 46, 49-51, 58, 59, 65, 66, 161, 180, 181, 256, 292, 296, 372, 393, 424, 430, 433, 437, 450, 451

Thévenot, Laurent, 2, 4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 16-19, 29-32, 100-102, 123, 126, 128, 155, 160, 161, 170, 174, 176, 193, 199-204, 207, 208, 210, 215, 216, 219, 221, 222, 225, 229, 230, 233, 234, 237, 239-242, 276, 278, 282, 297, 314, 322, 329, 330, 385, 391, 404, 409

third term, 143, 154, 155

Third World, 254, 262, 268

threshold(s), 15, 119, 136, 137, 141, 143-146, 326, 347-349

trade union, 24, 62, 257, 293, 341, 342, 346, 347, 358, 369, 371, 387
transparency, 30, 84, 211, 330, 340, 342, 364

treasury, 280, 281, 283–285, 287

trust, 4, 63, 77, 79, 84, 97, 109, 121, 209, 278, 279, 292, 310, 318

distrust, 5, 278, 292

trustworthiness, 5, 12, 77, 78

truth, 4, 15, 50, 123, 180, 264, 364, 380, 385, 399, 403, 404, 406, 435, 445

regimes of, 404

U

uncertainty, 5, 13, 32, 54, 55, 104, 117, 122–124, 126, 210, 236, 343, 349, 388, 409. See also Knight, Frank; probability; risk

United Kingdom (UK), 2–6, 30, 217, 239, 263, 277, 279, 297, 310, 329, 382, 385, 387, 388, 390, 391, 393, 394, 396, 405, 406

United States (US), 3, 4, 17, 27, 65, 72, 149, 159, 161, 172, 207, 217, 241, 256, 263, 269, 277, 279, 379

US-American, North-American, 29

university(ies), 21, 23, 275–277, 280, 282–284, 287–296, 299, 426, 432, 440, 449, 453

USSR, 6, 46, 49, 54, 55, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 239, 408. See also Soviet Union

utopia, 8–10, 14, 17, 125, 156, 389, 408, 445

V

variables, 8, 17, 18, 31, 78, 105, 109, 173, 176, 178–180, 182–184,

186, 187, 189, 192, 193, 206, 264, 383, 426–428, 431, 454, 456

verifiability, verifiable, 313

voice, 9, 18, 19, 22, 32, 33, 144, 152, 160, 200, 204, 207, 213, 220, 222, 223, 237, 239, 319, 350, 405, 406

voicing, 128, 199

W

Weber, Max, 105, 161, 204, 419

welfare, 15, 136, 138–141, 143, 145, 148, 151, 157, 158, 160, 208, 329, 422, 436

welfare state, 138, 140, 208, 235, 292, 420, 437, 439, 440, 446, 448, 456, 457

well-being, 45, 65, 111, 117, 177, 193, 318

world(s), 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 15, 16, 26, 29, 32, 45, 54, 56, 72, 73, 78, 82, 87, 103, 105, 108, 110, 112, 119, 122–124, 127, 147–149, 170, 173, 176, 185, 197, 198, 200, 202, 205, 208, 209, 217, 219, 223, 226, 232, 234, 237, 238, 263, 268, 269, 282–284, 298, 309, 313, 323, 379–381, 384, 398, 407, 409, 418, 420, 432, 434, 439, 441, 446

plurality of, 26, 32, 198, 208, 381

worth, 19, 30, 32, 99, 100, 104, 124, 125, 127, 154, 203–208, 210, 213, 214, 217, 235–237, 240, 298, 391, 406, 409, 419

economics of, 19, 32