# CDGP data center, a gateway to cutting-edge deep geothermal data

Salsabyl Benlalam, Benoit Derode, Fabien Engels, Jean Schmittbuhl, Aude Chambodut

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Salsabyl Benlalam, Benoit Derode, Fabien Engels, Jean Schmittbuhl, Aude Chambodut. CDGP data center, a gateway to cutting-edge deep geothermal data. European Geothermal Congress, Oct 2025, Zurich (CH), Switzerland. http://hal-05515516

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# CDGP data center, a gateway to cutting-edge deep geothermal data

Salsabyl Benlalam<fnref n="2" />, Benoit Derode<fnref n="1" />, Fabien Engels<fnref n="1" />, Jean Schmittbuhl<fnref n="2" /> and Aude Chambodut<fnref n="1" />

**Keywords:** CDGP, Deep Geothermal Energy, Multi-disciplinary Data, Industrial & Academic Data, Episodes, FAIR

## ABSTRACT

The Data Center for Deep Geothermal Energy (CDGP - Centre de Données de Géothermie Profonde, https://cdgp.eost.unistra.fr) was inaugurated in 2016 and is overseen by the Interdisciplinary Thematic Institute for Geosciences (ITI GeoT). The objective of the CDGP is to archive, preserve and distribute deep geothermal data in the Alsace region (France) for the scientific community, research and development activities. Furthermore, the CDGP serves as a regional node for EPOS TCS (Thematic Core Service) Anthropogenic Hazards. This service provides access to a range of multidisciplinary data, including industrial hydraulic information, seismic records and catalogues, geological logs, and fault maps, among other resources. The data are subjected to rigorous filtering, control and validation by analysts and are grouped into Episodes, which refer to a set of relevant geophysical data that are correlated over time, thereby establishing links between anthropogenic seismicity and industrial activity. The CDGP collates high-quality data from a range of stages in the development of deep geothermal projects, particularly from the exploration and development phases. This enables users to process and analyze the data in a way that adds significant value. As part of the European Geo-INQUIRE project (GA n. 101058518, https://www.geo-inquire.eu/), It is now evolving to provide new multidisciplinary data with the aim of diversifying the ability of users to analyze the data. As an example, the website now offers RINEX data from GNSS stations that are monitoring surface deformation around geothermal sites, along with dynamic 3D GeORG-based models for each site. Strategies are currently being developed in collaboration with EPOS TCS GIM (Geological Information and Modelling) with the objective of providing geological maps and borehole data for the aforementioned Episodes sites.

The intention is to take advantages of the TCS GIM services that are currently under development, thereby capitalizing on the potential synergies that may emerge from the various leading projects. Specific procedures have also been implemented to comply with

international requirements for data management. FAIR recommendations, for instance, are followed to ensure the distribution of data that is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. Through its platform, the CDGP is dedicated to providing valuable scientific data on deep geothermal processes, accessible to all.

## 1. INTRODUCTION

The Upper Rhine Graben (URG) has become a pioneer European geothermal technology thanks to the development of deep geothermal energy in this region. A large number of studies on heat extraction from fractured reservoirs have been carried out at the URG since the initial trials in Soultz-sous-Forêts in the late 1980s (e.g., Sanjuan et al., 2006; Genter et al., 2010; Baujard et al., 2017). In Alsace, the sites of Rittershoffen, Vendenheim, and Soultz-sous-Forêts played a key role to the development of geothermal technology. These projects have raised a great interest both within the scientific and industrial communities. Over the past decades, these projects and the data they provided have significantly advanced our knowledge of geological resource reservoirs, particularly geothermal reservoirs, and enabled the scientific community to adapt and modernize its understanding of the mechanical response of reservoirs to the hydromechanical stresses imposed by the industrial activities they host. However, these developments also raise challenges, as they involve fluid migration, stress changes, induced seismicity, and then the need for long-term monitoring (e.g., Cuenot et al., 2008; Lengliné et al., 2017). Furthermore, the increasing complexity of deep geothermal projects highlights the critical need for reliable, accessible, and durable data to support scientific research, promote interdisciplinary collaboration, and guide the sustainable management of underground resources.

In this context, the LabEx G-EAU-THERMIE PROFONDE program (2012-2020) launched the Deep Geothermal Data Center (CDGP), designed as a centralized platform to collect, archive, and distribute multidisciplinary geothermal datasets. Following the end of the LabEx G-EAU-THERMIE PROFONDE, the scientific and organizational activities launched during the program have been strengthened and expanded within the Interdisciplinary Thematic Institute for Geosciences and Energy Transition (ITI GeoT), established in 2021

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

<footnote n="1">¹ University of Strasbourg, CNRS, EOST UAR 830, F 67000 Strasbourg, France</footnote>

<footnote n="2">² University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ITES UMR 7063, F 67000 Strasbourg, France</footnote>

<footnote>s.benlalam@unistra.fr; derode@unistra.fr</footnote>
at the University of Strasbourg. This institutional
framework builds on the LabEx's multidisciplinary
foundations and supports long-term research efforts to
address the major challenges of the energy transition.
In line with these aims, the Deep Geothermal Data Cen-
ter has been integrated as a central infrastructure driv-
ing interdisciplinary research.

The CDGP infrastructure supports the Euro-
pean scientific initiative EPOS and is integrated into the
EPOS Thematic Core service for Anthropogenic Haz-
ard (TCS AH), which aims to bring together systems
dedicated to the study of anthropogenic seismicity
caused by human activities and to examine the risks as-
sociated with the exploration and exploitation of geo-
resources, a major issue in the current context of eco-
nomic development and natural resource use. As the
French local node, our platform provides structured ac-
cess to a wide range of datasets from geothermal sites
in Alsace, a leading French region for deep-geothermal
projects—particularly EGS—and a national cradle for
the development of the Enhanced Geothermal Systems
(EGS) approach.

Since 2022, in addition to the datasets provided to the EPOS EPISODES platform, the CDGP distributes raw GNSS data in RINEX format from GNSS stations installed by operators and by the Strasbourg School and Observatory of Earth Sciences (EOST) near geothermal sites. These GNSS stations enable permanent monitoring of surface deformation and provide complementary constraints for studying the mechanical response of the reservoirs. Simultaneously, the CDGP has added geological sections (1D and 2D) for several sites to its data catalogue by extracting targeted sections from the GeORG project (Geopotentials of the Deep Upper Rhine Graben, https://www.geopotenziale.org), whose aim was to create a 3D model of the geological structure of the Rhine Graben. These sections provide a detailed view of the geological formations at geothermal sites, enabling researchers to better understand extent and geometry of the reservoir and improve reservoir models.

## 2. THE CDGP: A SPECIALIZED INFRASTRUCTURE FOR DEEP GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DATA

### 2.1 Data and Episodes organization

Each dataset distributed by the CDGP is associated to a
specific site (location) and time period. The periods are
defined by project operators' industrial activities, such
as exploration drilling, hydraulic stimulation, fluid cir-
culation, or occurrence of induced-seismicity swarms
(Schaming et al., 2019). These datasets, grouped into
large sets, containing comprehensive information about
industrial operations (e.g., hydraulic pressure and/or
flow rate) and on the hydromechanical response of the
stimulated medium (induced seismicity), form collec-
tions known as Episodes, linking industrial activities to
observed geophysical responses. These episodes

organize the data into time-correlated sets, facilitating
the analysis of interactions between industrial activities
and geophysical responses. CDGP episodes originate
essentially from the geothermal sites of Soultz-sous-
Forêts, Rittershoffen, and Vendenheim, providing in-
formation on the different phases of industrial activity
at these sites. For example, Boyet (2023) highlights the
importance of understanding post-injection seismicity
in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), particularly
for sites such as Soultz-sous-Forêts and Vendenheim,
in order to ensure the safety and sustainability of geo-
thermal operations. The episode approach of the
CDGP, which combines multidisciplinary data, allows
for in-depth analysis of the interactions between fluid
injections and seismic responses, thereby facilitating
the monitoring and optimization of geothermal opera-
tions.

### 2.2 Data management and FAIRness

The CDGP guarantees the collection, preparation, and
distribution of data in accordance with European stand-
ards. The CDGP ensures the availability of data, while
complying with strict rules on intellectual property and
the protection of sensitive data. The data are accessible
via a secure platform, ensuring that all associated
metadata complies with ISO 19115 standards, which is
essential for guaranteeing interoperability and enabling
future reuse. Managing Digital Object Identifiers
(DOIs) is central to ensuring that the data remain trace-
able and long-lived. These identifiers not only guaran-
tee permanent access to datasets but also adhere to
FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable,
Reusable), making it easier for researchers to access
and reuse the data over time. The assignment of DOIs
links each episode to detailed information about crea-
tors, publisher/repository, rights/license, rights holder,
related identifiers, documenting provenance, govern-
ance and terms of use.

In order to comply with Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) requirements, specific terms of use and procedures have been established. A unique feature of the infrastructure is that an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Infrastructure (AAAI) ensures fair distribution of data in accordance with IPR, user affiliation (e.g., academic, industrial, etc.), and distribution rules. This operation can be performed automatically or with the agreement of the data owner. This procedure is an important attribute of the infrastructure, which helps build trust between industry and the academic scientific community (Fig. 1).
<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

**Figure 1:** CDGP infrastructure organization and main actions. The CDGP seeks to collect, prepare and curate the data, respecting the intellectual properties of the data and the fairness of its distribution. It develops and manages workflow leading to a wide distribution to the industrial, scientific and civil society communities.

## 2.3 Data collection

The data collected cover all stages of geothermal projects, from area exploring to drilling, stimulating wells, circulating fluids, producing energy and cleaning up the area afterwards. A comprehensive presentation and description of the different datasets is available on Schaming et al. 2019. As a short summarize, main data are about seismic reflection, passive seismic imaging and seismic log profiles (VSP), MT and gravimetric data, 3D geological models and fractures geometries, well trajectories and T/gamma ray logs, seismic waveforms and induced seismicity catalogues. Petrophysical properties can also be explored thanks to X-ray experiments conducted on geological samples from Soultz-sous-Forêts boreholes.

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

**Figure 2:** Example of the data collection displayed when visiting the CDGP website. Data are classified by Episode datasets, containing all the data available for a specific industrial activity (e.g. 1993 stimulation at Soultz-sous-Forêts), or by data type (e.g. Petrophysical properties – Soultz-sous-Forêts). All these data are accessible from a single front page https://cdgp.eost.unistra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/home

# 3. RECENT INCREASE AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE CDGP DATA COLLECTION

## 3.1 Geodetic data

The recent addition of GNSS data, essential for studying surface deformation, now allows to connect the macroscopic (static) mechanical response of the reservoir to the industrial stimulation. A partnership
agreement has indeed been signed by the companies involved in deep geothermal energy in Alsace and by EOST, under the patronage of the Regional Department for the Environment, Planning and Housing (DREAL). These data, which actually concern 8 geodetic stations (ECOG, GPK1, GPK2, HATN, ILLK, REIC, RITT and STUN) located in and around the industrial sites, are for some collected since 2013 and are now used for real-time surface monitoring of the sites. All these data are now available in near-real time and linked to the corresponding episodes (e.g., Fig. 3).

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

**Figure 3:** Location of the 8 geodetic stations (GNSS) used for real-time monitoring the deformation of the hydraulically stimulated reservoirs (left). On the right, an example of the data availability for the ECOG station from January 2014 to December 2024. More than 90% of the eleven-year period is available on request from the CDGP website.

## 3.2 GeORG Model Data

As part of the European Geo-INQUIRE project, the CDGP has worked to add complementary data types for each existing episode and to create new episodes. Several products from the GeORG map viewer (Geopotentials of the Deep Upper Rhine Graben, https://www.geopotenziale.org/home/) around the geothermal sites in Alsace (Soutz-sous-Forêts, Vendenheim, Rittershofen) have been extracted and are available on the CDGP website. In addition to the geophysical data associated with a specific episode, these geological cross-sections provide complementary information on the reservoir, which can be used as inputs for 1D or 3D numerical hydromechanical or thermochemical modeling. GeORG offers a complete geoscientific information base, with maps showing the deep structure and spatial distribution of geological layers and temperatures. The products provided via the CDGP contain, among others, the stratigraphic position and spatial stacking of layers (e.g., Fig. 4), as well as 1D synthetic stratigraphic logs.

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

**Figure 4:** Example of a vertical geological section corresponding to the south-west-north-east at Vendenheim site, Geoven project, extracted from the Geopotentials of the Deep Upper Rhine Graben (GeORG) project.

## 3.3 New perspective of added data

The CDGP is undergoing constant evolution through its various lever projects and European integration. This involves two main objectives: firstly, to add new datasets for each existing episode, and secondly, to add new episodes to the global collection. The construction of new episodes from recent stimulations in Alsace (2020-2025) is ongoing, and the integration of new multidisciplinary datasets is under discussion. In particular, geochemical data have the potential to provide valuable insights by imposing specific constraints on the numerical modeling produced using the initial data provided. The consolidation of the extant episodes, by incorporating the data from the numerous scientific publications on the geothermal sites in Alsace (largely dealing with induced seismicity issues), should significantly improve our understanding of the geothermal reservoir response to industrial stimulations.

<figure><img src="image_8.png" /></figure>

Access and use constraints

Confidentiality Level: Public and traceability

How to cite: EOST & Fonroche Géothermie (2020). Episode: Geoven geothermal project at Vendenheim. EOST-CDGP. https://doi.org/10.25577/kk26-fc66

**Figure 5:** Datasets available for the GEOVEN Geothermal project at Vendeheim. Screenshot from the CDGP website https://cdgp.eost.unistra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/VDHD. Associated to the needed information of the episode (not shown here), for each dataset the access and use constraints are indicated. In this example the
confidentiality level is minimum, which means that the
data are fully available to the public.

4. RECENT SCIENTIFIC USE OF CDGP'S DATA

For many years, the CDGP has played a central role in
the distribution of geothermal data to a large commu-
nity of researchers, both internal and external to the ITI
GeoT. These data have been used in numerous studies,
and their use has increased considerably since 2019,
leading to many publications in scientific journals.
These publications cover a huge range of topics, from
spatial distribution of induced seismic events (e.g., Mi-
netto et al., 2025; Li & Avouac, 2025), fracture model-
ing (e.g., Sáez, 2023; Sáez & Lecampion, 2023), diffu-
sion laws for induced seismicity (e.g., Danré et al.,
2024), monitoring and management of induced seis-
micity (e.g., Fiori et al., 2023; Romanski et al., 2024),
impact of fluid injection on geothermal reservoirs (Drif
et al., 2024; Lengliné et al., 2023).

As a recent example, consecutive to the PhD of Kamel Drif, a publication was published, presenting 18 new seismic catalogues: « *Induced Seismicity Controlled by Injected Hydraulic Energy: The Case Study of the EGS Soultz-Sous-Forêts Site* ». These catalogues are related to different episodes (1993, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010) and have been added to the CDGP database. Another catalogue related for the Venden- heim geothermal site, produced as part of Fiori et al. (2023) "*Monitoring induced microseismicity in an ur-ban context using very small seismic arrays: The case study of the Vendenheim EGS project*", has also been included.

5. THE CDGP'S ROLE IN EUROPEAN FRAME-
WORKS

As mentioned above, as the French node of the EPOS
TCS AH, the CDGP also distributes its data to the EP-
ISODES platform, which offers tools for data pro-
cessing, analysis and visualization, facilitating interdis-
ciplinary research. The CDGP also collaborates with
other EPOS thematic core services, such as the TCS
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) for surface
deformation data. The aim is to distribute GNSS prod-
ucts such as velocity and displacement through the
CDGP. This TCS provides access to a variety of Euro-
pean and regional geodetic data, metadata, products and
software in support of solid earth sciences. The CDGP
also works closely with the TCS GIM (Geological In-
formation and Modeling) to produce maps and drilling
data for geothermal sites. This TCS develops and con-
solidates information and data infrastructures produced
by the international geological community.

The CDGP is a partner in the European Geo-INQUIRE
(Geosphere INFrastructures for QUestions into Inte-
grated REsearch) project (GA n. 101058518,
https://www.geo-inquire.eu/), which began in October
2022. The aim of this project is to provide and improve
access to data and overcome the cross-domain barriers.

The CDGP is part of Work Package 4, “Access to prod-
ucts enabling curiosity-driven science for geo-resources
exploration and exploitation”. This WP concentrates on
improving access to data and research infrastructures re-
lated to the exploration and exploitation of geo-resources.
The CDGP is especially involved in task 4.3, which is the
multidisciplinary and multiscale extension of the EPOS
AH EPISODES platform. Several tasks can be men-
tioned for this assignment, the first is to add well data
in collaboration with TCS GIM, the second to integrate
3D geological models into CDGP episodes, and finally
to include various multi-scale data types for geothermal
sites.

The CDGP is also involved in the European DT-GEO
(Digital Twin for GEOphysical Extremes) project
(https://dtgeo.eu/), which aims to develop pre-opera-
tional digital twin for geophysical extremes, such as
earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and anthropogenic
seismicity/geo-reservoir responses. The goal is to im-
prove understanding, forecasting and management of
these risks through advanced simulations and real-time
data integration. CDGP data are integrated into the dig-
ital twin models developed by DT-GEO to simulate and
analyze seismicity in the region. Some of the results of
this project will be added to the CDGP database.

6. PERPECTIVES

As a new underway project, the CDGP will be a corner-
stone of a new regional infrastructure, the Deep Reser-
voir Observatory (Observatoire des Réservoirs
Profonds, ORP), aiming to develop and implement a
multidisciplinary monitoring system to study deep res-
ervoirs in real time at the regional scale of the Rhin gra-
ben. Currently operated with the support of existing ob-
servatories, the ORP structure is coordinated by the
EOST observatory which is under the governance of
the University of Strasbourg and CNRS. Based on ac-
tual features and the mid-term projection of the CDGP
infrastructure, in 2024 user feedback was collected to
identify interface improvements, thus initiating a re-
structuring of the CDGP platform. This restructuring,
currently underway thanks to the recruitment of an IT
specialist, allows the development a more intuitive in-
terface that meets user expectations while respecting
the guidelines set out in Geo-INQUIRE, and bringing
more flexibility to adapt the structure to the future pro-
jects.

7. CONCLUSIONS

The CDGP is a major actor in the field of deep geother-
mal energy and in the development of geoscientific data
infrastructures in Europe. Through its contribution to
projects such as Geo-INQUIRE and DT-GEO, the
CDGP facilitates access to data while ensuring respon-
sible management of geophysical information. It repre-
sents a fundamental tool for scientific innovation and
the development of geothermal projects on a European
scale.
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Acknowledgements

This work was performed under the framework of the Interdisciplinary Thematic Institute GeoT (ANR-10-IDEX-0002, ANR-20-SFRI-0012), as part of the ITI 2021-2028 program of the University of Strasbourg, and in the framework of the project EPOS TCS AH (European Plate Observing System, Thematic Core Services Anthropogenic Hazard). The CDGP is part of the European project Geo-INQUIRE (GA n. 101058518, https://www.geo-inquire.eu/).