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# ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Jingchuvirales 2023

Jens Kuhn, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Sandra Junglen, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Mang Shi, Nicholas Di Paola

► To cite this version:

Jens Kuhn, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Sandra Junglen, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Mang Shi, et al., ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Jingchuvirales 2023. Journal of General Virology, 2023, 104 (12), pp.001924. 10.1099/jgv.0.001924. pasteur-05117235

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https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-05117235v1

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# ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: *Jingchuvirales* 2023

Jens H. Kuhn¹, Nolwenn M. Dheilly², Sandra Junglen³, Sofia Paraskevopoulou (Σοφία Παρασκευοπούλου)⁴,
Mang Shi (施莽)⁵ and Nicholas Di Paola⁶,*

## Abstract

*Jingchuvirales* is an order of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 9.1–15.3 kb that have been associated with arachnids, barnacles, crustaceans, insects, fish and reptiles in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. The jingchuviral genome has two to four open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a glycoprotein (GP), a nucleoprotein (NP), a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain, and/or proteins of unknown function. Viruses in the order are only known from their genome sequences. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the order *Jingchuvirales* and on the families *Aliusviridae*, *Chuviridae*, *Crepuscuviridae*, *Myriaviridae* and *Natareviridae*, which are available at ictv.global/report/jingchuvirales, ictv.global/report/aliusviridae, ictv.global/report/chuviridae, ictv.global/report/crepuscuviridae, ictv.global/report/myriaviridae and ictv.global/report/natareviridae, respectively.

<table><caption>**Table 1.** Characteristics of members of the order *Jingchuvirales*</caption><thead><tr><th>Example</th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Virion</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><td>Genome</td><td>9.1–15.3 kb of nonsegmented linear, nonsegmented circular, bisegmented linear, or bisegmented circular negative-sense RNA</td></tr><tr><td>Replication</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><td>Translation</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><td>Host range</td><td>Arachnids; barnacles; crustaceans; insects; myriapods; fish; reptiles</td></tr><tr><td>Taxonomy</td><td>Realm Riboviria, kingdom Orthornavirae, phylum Negarnaviricota, class Monjiviricetes; the order includes >4 families, >20 genera and >57 species</td></tr></tbody></table>

## VIRION

Unknown.

open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a glycoprotein (GP), a nucleoprotein (NP), a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain, and/or proteins of unknown function [1–5] (Table 1, Fig. 1).

## GENOME

The jingchuviral genome is a nonsegmented linear, nonsegmented circular, bisegmented linear, or bisegmented circular negative-sense RNA of 9.1–15.3 kb containing two to four

## REPLICATION

Unknown.

Received 15 November 2023; Accepted 16 November 2023; Published 19 December 2023

**Author affiliations:** ¹Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; ²Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; ³Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; ⁴Genome Competence Center (MF1), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; ⁵Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510275, PR China; ⁶United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

*Correspondence: Nicholas Di Paola, nicholas.dipaola.civ@health.mil

**Keywords:** *Aliusviridae*; aqualaruvirus; charybdivirus; chu-like; *Chuviridae*; chuvirus; *Crepuscuviridae*; ICTV Report; *Jingchuvirales*; *Myriaviridae*; myriavirus; *Natareviridae*; obscuruvirus; ollusvirus; taxonomy.

**Abbreviations:** GP, glycoprotein; L, large protein; NP, nucleoprotein; RdRP, RNA-directed RNA polymerase.

001924 © 2023 The Authors

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>
<figure><img src="image_5.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 1.** Genome organisation of representative jingchuvirals. ORFs are coloured according to the predicted protein function. GP, glycoprotein gene; NP, nucleoprotein gene; L, large protein gene. Grey colour indicates ORFs encoding proteins of unknown function.</figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /><figcaption>**Fig. 2.** Phylogenetic relationships of jingchuvirals. Maximum-likelihood tree (midpoint-rooted) inferred using large protein gene (L) sequences. For details see full ICTV Report. Numbers near nodes on the trees indicate percentage bootstrap values.</figcaption></figure>

## References

1. Di Paola N, Dheilly NM, Junglen S, Paraskevopoulou S, Postler TS, et al. *Jingchuvirales*: a new taxonomical framework for a rapidly expanding order of unusual monjiviricete viruses broadly distributed among arthropod subphyla. *Appl Environ Microbiol* 2022;88:e0195421.

2. Käfer S, Paraskevopoulou S, Zirkel F, Wieseke N, Donath A, et al. Re-assessing the diversity of negative strand RNA viruses in insects. *PLoS Pathog* 2019;15:e1008224.

## TAXONOMY

Current taxonomy: **ictv.global/taxonomy**. The order *Jingchuvirales* includes >50 virus species in the families *Aliusviridae*, *Chuviridae*, *Crepuscuviridae*, *Myriaviridae* and *Natareviridae* for viruses that infect arachnids, barnacles, crustaceans, insects, fish and reptiles (Fig. 2).

## RESOURCES

Full ICTV Report on the order *Jingchuvirales* and the families *Aliusviridae*, *Chuviridae*, *Crepuscuviridae*, *Myriaviridae* and *Natareviridae*: ictv.global/report/jingchuvirales, ictv.global/report/aliusviridae, ictv.global/report/chuviridae, ictv.global/report/crepuscuviridae, ictv.global/report/myriaviridae and ictv.global/report/natareviridae, respectively.

### Funding information

Production of this Profile, the ICTV Report, and associated resources was supported by the Microbiology Society. This work was supported in part through the Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under contract no. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under contract no. HHSN272201800013C. The content of this publication should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of Health and Human Services or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government.

### Acknowledgements

We thank Stuart G. Siddell, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Sead Sabanadzovic, Peter Simmonds, F. Murilo Zerbini, Evelien Adriaenssens, Mart Krupovic, Luisa Rubino, Arvind Varsani (ICTV Report Editors) and Donald B. Smith (Managing Editor, ICTV Report). We thank Anya Crane (Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript.

### Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

3. Li C-X, Shi M, Tian J-H, Lin X-D, Kang Y-J, et al. Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses. *eLife* 2015;4:e05378.

4. Shi M, Lin X-D, Tian J-H, Chen L-J, Chen X, et al. Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere. *Nature* 2016;540:539–543.

5. Wu H, Pang R, Cheng T, Xue L, Zeng H, et al. Abundant and diverse RNA viruses in insects revealed by RNA-Seq analysis: ecological and evolutionary implications. *mSystems* 2020;5:e00039-20.