# Communications: Wireless in Developing Countries and Networks of the Future

Ana Pont, Guy Pujolle, S.V. Raghavan

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## To cite this version:

Ana Pont, Guy Pujolle, S.V. Raghavan. Communications: Wireless in Developing Countries and Networks of the Future: Third IFIPTC6 International Conference, WCITD2010 and IFIP TC 6 International Conference, NF 2010 Held as Part of WCC 2010 Brisbane, Australia, September 20-23, 2010, Proceedings. AICT-327, Springer, 2010, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 978-3-642-15475-1, 10.1007/978-3-642-15476-8, hal-01556785

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Editor-in-Chief

A. Joe Turner, Seneca, SC, USA

Editorial Board

Foundations of Computer Science

Mike Hinchey, Lero, Limerick, Ireland

Software: Theory and Practice

Bertrand Meyer, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Education

Bernard Cornu, CNED-EIFAD, Poitiers, France

Information Technology Applications

Ronald Waxman, EDA Standards Consulting, Beachwood, OH, USA

Communication Systems

Guy Leduc, Université de Liège, Belgium

System Modeling and Optimization

Jacques Henry, Université de Bordeaux, France

Information Systems

Barbara Pernici, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

Relationship between Computers and Society

Chrisanthi Avgerou, London School of Economics, UK

Computer Systems Technology

Paolo Prinetto, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Security and Privacy Protection in Information Processing Systems

Kai Rannenberg, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Artificial Intelligence

Max A. Bramer, University of Portsmouth, UK

Human-Computer Interaction

Annelise Mark Pejtersen, Center of Cognitive Systems Engineering, Denmark

Entertainment Computing

Ryohei Nakatsu, National University of Singapore
# IFIP – The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states,

> IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people.

IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are:

* The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year;

* Open conferences;

* Working conferences.

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high.

As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers.

Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered.
Ana Pont Guy Pujolle S.V. Raghavan (Eds.)

Communications:
Wireless
in Developing Countries
and Networks of the Future

Third IFIP TC 6 International Conference, WCITD 2010
and IFIP TC 6 International Conference, NF 2010
Held as Part of WCC 2010
Brisbane, Australia, September 20-23, 2010
Proceedings

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Springer
## Volume Editors

Ana Pont
Polytechnic University of Valencia
Department of Computer Engineering
46022 Valencia, Spain
E-mail: apont@disca.upv.es

Guy Pujolle
Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris 6), LIP6
75016 Paris, France
E-mail: guy.pujolle@lip6.fr

S.V. Raghavan
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Chennai 600 036, India
E-mail: svr@cs.iitm.ernet.in

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933096

CR Subject Classification (1998): C.2, H.4, H.3, D.2, J.1, K.4.4

ISSN 1868-4238

ISBN-10 3-642-15475-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

ISBN-13 978-3-642-15475-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

springer.com

© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2010

Printed in Germany

Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India

Printed on acid-free paper 06/3180
IFIP World Computer Congress 2010
(WCC 2010)

Message from the Chairs

Every two years, the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) hosts a major event which showcases the scientific endeavors of its over one hundred technical committees and working groups. On the occasion of IFIP's 50th anniversary, 2010 saw the 21st IFIP World Computer Congress (WCC 2010) take place in Australia for the third time, at the Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, September 20–23, 2010.

The congress was hosted by the Australian Computer Society, ACS. It was run as a federation of co-located conferences offered by the different IFIP technical committees, working groups and special interest groups, under the coordination of the International Program Committee.

The event was larger than ever before, consisting of 17 parallel conferences, focusing on topics ranging from artificial intelligence to entertainment computing, human choice and computers, security, networks of the future and theoretical computer science. The conference History of Computing was a valuable contribution to IFIPs 50th anniversary, as it specifically addressed IT developments during those years. The conference e-Health was organized jointly with the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), which evolved from IFIP Technical Committee TC-4 “Medical Informatics”.

Some of these were established conferences that run at regular intervals, e.g., annually, and some represented new, groundbreaking areas of computing. Each conference had a call for papers, an International Program Committee of experts and a thorough peer reviewing process of full papers. The congress received 642 papers for the 17 conferences, and selected 319 from those, representing an acceptance rate of 49.69% (averaged over all conferences). To support interoperation between events, conferences were grouped into 8 areas: Deliver IT, Govern IT, Learn IT, Play IT, Sustain IT, Treat IT, Trust IT, and Value IT.

This volume is one of 13 volumes associated with the 17 scientific conferences. Each volume covers a specific topic and separately or together they form a valuable record of the state of computing research in the world in 2010. Each volume was prepared for publication in the Springer IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology series by the conference's volume editors. The overall Publications Chair for all volumes published for this congress is Mike Hinchey.

For full details of the World Computer Congress, please refer to the webpage at http://www.ifip.org.

June 2010

Augusto Casaca, Portugal, Chair, International Program Committee

Phillip Nyssen, Australia, Co-chair, International Program Committee

Nick Tate, Australia, Chair, Organizing Committee

Mike Hinchey, Ireland, Publications Chair

Klaus Brunnstein, Germany, General Congress Chair
Preface

Communications: Wireless in Developing Countries and
Networks of the Future

The present book contains the proceedings of two conferences held at the World Computer Congress 2010 in Brisbane, Australia (September 20–23) organized by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP): the Third IFIP TC 6 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Information Technology for Developing Countries (WCITD 2010) and the IFIP TC 6 International Network of the Future Conference (NF 2010). The main objective of these two IFIP conferences on communications is to provide a platform for the exchange of recent and original contributions in wireless networks in developing countries and networks of the future.

There are many exiting trends and developments in the communications industry,
several of which are related to advances in wireless networks, and next-generation
Internet. It is commonly believed in the communications industry that a new genera-
tion should appear in the next ten years. Yet there are a number of issues that are
being worked on in various industry research and development labs and universities
towards enabling wireless high-speed networks, virtualization techniques, smart net-
works, high-level security schemes, etc.

We would like to thank the members of the Program Committees and the external
reviewers and we hope these proceedings will be very useful to all researchers inter-
ested in the fields of wireless networks and future network technologies.

July 2010

Ana Pont
Guy Pujolle
S.V. Raghavan
WCITD 2010

**International Advisory Board**

Edward Knightly

Ramon Puigjaner

Tharam S. Dillon

Leonard Barolli

Augusto Casaca

Rice University, USA

Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain

Curtin University of Technology, Australia

Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Japan

Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal

**General Chairs**

Mieso Denko

Albert Y. Zomaya

University of Guelph, Canada

The University of Sydney, Australia

**Program Committee Chair**

Ana Pont

Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain

**Program Committee Members**

Pedro Cuenca

Benjamín Baran

José A. Gil Salinas

Jason B. Ernst

Joel Rodrigues

Rajkumar Buyya

Krithi Ramamritham

Jose Neumann de Souza

Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Ramon Puigjaner

Antoine Bagula

Rodrigo Santos

Siraj Shaikh

Benoid Vaidya

Dimitris Varoutas

Tadeusz A. Wysocki

Aruna Jayasuriya

Noureddine Boudriga

Adnan Al-Anbuky

Augusto Casaca

University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain

National University of Asunción, Paraguay

Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain

University of Guelph, Canada

University of Beira Interior, Portugal

The University of Melbourne, Australia

IIT Bombay, India

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil

ENSIIE, France

Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina

Cranfield University, UK

Tribhuvan University, Portugal

University of Athens, Greece

University of Nebraska – Lincoln, USA

University of South Australia, Australia

University of Carthage, Tunisia

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand

Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
NF 2010

Program Committee Chairs

Guy Pujolle

UPMC, France

S.V. Raghavan

IITM, India

Program Committee Members

Ozgur B. Akan

Middle East Technical University, Turkey

Pedro A. Aranda Gutierrez

Telefonica, Spain

Luis Orozco Barbosa

UCM, Spain

Alessandro Bassi

Hitachi, France

Chris Blondia

University of Antwerp, Belgium

Raouf Boutaba

Waterloo University, Canada

Dariusz Bursztynowski

TPSA, Poland

Lee Bu Sung, Francis

NTU, Singapore

Georg Carle

TUM, Germany

Matteo Cesana

Milan, Italy

Chih-Yung Chang

Tamkang University, Taiwan

Omar Cherkaoui

UQAM, Canada

Arek Dadej

University of South Australia, Australia

Simon Dobson

University College Dublin, Ireland

Mischa Dolher

CTTC, Spain

William Donnelly

WIT, Ireland

Emmanuel Dotaro

Alcatel, France

Otto Duarte

UFRJ, Brazil

Wissam Fawaz

Lebanese American University, Lebanon

Luigi Fratta

Milano, Italy

Dominique Gaïti

UTT, France

Alex Galis

UCL, UK

Mario Gerla

UCLA, USA

Annie Gravey

Telecom Bretagne, France

Gunther Harring

University of Vienna, Austria

Bijan Jabbari

Mason University, USA

Shengming Jiang

South China University of Technology, China

Daniel Kofman

Telecom ParisTech, France

Matti Latva-aho

University of Oulu, Finland

Herman de Meer

Passau, Germany

Edmundo Monteiro

DEI, Portugal

José-Marcos Nogueira

FUMG, Brazil

Mai Trang Nguyen

UPMC, France
<table><tr><td>Harry Perros</td><td>NCSU, USA</td></tr><tr><td>Reinhard Posch</td><td>CIO, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>Ramon Puigjaner</td><td>Baleares Island University, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Jennifer Rexford</td><td>Princeton, USA</td></tr><tr><td>James Roberts</td><td>Orange Labs, France</td></tr><tr><td>Roberto Sabella</td><td>Coritel, Italy</td></tr><tr><td>Adrian Segall</td><td>Technion, Israel</td></tr><tr><td>Joan Serrat</td><td>UPC, Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Fabrizio Sestini</td><td>European Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Joao da Silva</td><td>European Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Junehwa Song</td><td>KAIST, Korea</td></tr><tr><td>Paulo de Sousa</td><td>European Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Yutaka Takahashi</td><td>Kyoto University, Japan</td></tr><tr><td>Phuoc Tran-Gia</td><td>Würzburg, Germany</td></tr><tr><td>Kurt Tutschku</td><td>Vienna, Austria</td></tr><tr><td>Vilas Wuwongse</td><td>AIT Bangkok, Thailand</td></tr><tr><td>Yabin Ye</td><td>Huawei Technologies</td></tr><tr><td>Djamal Zeghlache</td><td>Telecom SudParis, France</td></tr></table>
# Table of Contents

## WCITD 2010

Preface
*Ana Pont* 1

Semantic Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks
*Atslands Rego da Rocha, Igor Leão dos Santos, Luci Pirmez, Flávia C. Delicato, Danielo G. Gomes, and José Neuman de Souza* 3

C³TO: A Scalable Architecture for Mobile Tutoring over Cell Phones
*Laurie Butgereit and Reinhardt A. Botha* 15

Wireless Mesh Networks for Infrastructure Deficient Areas
*Roman Seibel, Nils-Hendrik Klann, Tim Waage, and Dieter Hogrefe* 26

Establishing Low Cost Aquatic Monitoring Networks for Developing Countries
*Jarrod Trevathan, Ian Atkinson, Wayne Read, Ron Johnstone, Nigel Bajema, and James McGeachin* 39

Infrastructure and Business Model for Universal Broadband Access in Developing Regions: The Ceara State Digital Belt
*Cid F. Gomes, Fernando C. Gomes, and Marcial P. Fernandez* 51

ICT Driven Knowledge Management in Developing Countries: A Case Study in a Chinese Organisation
*Jin Tong and Siraj A. Shaikh* 60

Technical ICTD - A User Centered Lifecycle
*Joerg Doerflinger and Tom Gross* 72

## NF 2010

Preface
*Guy Pujolle and S.V. Raghavan* 85

An Introduction to the Network of the Future
*Guy Pujolle* 87

Future Internet Is by Ethernet
*Marko Luoma, Raimo Kantola, and Jukka Manner* 95

On the Way to a Theory for Network Architectures
*Thi-Mai-Trang Nguyen* 108
Green Network Planning Model for Optical Backbones.................. 120
Jose Gutierrez, Tahir Riaz, Michael Jensen, Jens M. Pedersen, and
Ole B. Madsen

Internet Sensor Grid: Experiences with Passive and Active
Instruments .................................................................... 132
Peter Komisarczuk and Ian Welch

Data-Driven MAC for Efficient Transmission of Spatially Correlated
Data in WSNs .................................................................... 146
Nahdia Tabassum and Guojun Lu

Leveraging Trusted Network Connect for Secure Connection of Mobile
Devices to Corporate Networks ........................................ 158
Kai-Oliver Detken, Hervais Simo Fhom, Richard Sethmann, and
Günther Diederich

OpenFlow and Xen-Based Virtual Network Migration .................. 170
Pedro S. Pisa, Natalia C. Fernandes, Hugo E.T. Carvalho,
Marcelo D.D. Moreira, Miguel Elias M. Campista,
Luís Henrique M.K. Costa, and Otto Carlos M.B. Duarte

Virtual Network Urbanization ............................................ 182
Othmen Braham, Ahmed Amamou, and Guy Pujolle

New Routing Paradigms for the Next Internet .......................... 194
Djamel H. Sadok, Luciana Pereira Oliveira, and Judith Kelner

End-to-End Performance Evaluation of Interconnected Optical
Multi-ring Metropolitan Networks .................................... 206
Tülin Atmaca and Tuan Dung Nguyen

A Relative Bandwidth Allocation Method Enabling Fast Convergence
in XCP ........................................................................ 217
Hanh Le Hieu, Kenji Masui, and Katsuyoshi Iida

On the Interest of Introducing Randomness in Ad-Word Auctions ...... 229
Patrick Maillé and Bruno Tuffin

The Role and Future Challenges of Wireless Communication Networks
for Cooperative Autonomous City Vehicles ............................ 241
Andrei Furda, Laurent Bouraoui, Michel Parent, and Ljubo Vlacic

Performance Analysis of User-Centric Network Selection and
Network-Centric Resource Allocation Approaches in Wireless
Networks ........................................................................ 252
Sahin Albayrak, Manzoor A. Khan, Fikret Sivrikaya,
Ahmet C. Toker, and Cuong Troung

Author Index .................................................................... 265