# Three new alien spider mites (Prostigmata, Tetranychidae) from south-eastern France

Philippe Auger, Denise Navia, Alain Migeon

► To cite this version:

Philippe Auger, Denise Navia, Alain Migeon. Three new alien spider mites (Prostigmata, Tetranychidae) from south-eastern France. Acarologia, 2023, Acarologia, 63 (3), pp.826-833. 10.24349/yeys-kf03. hal-04171394

HAL Id: hal-04171394

https://hal.science/hal-04171394

Submitted on 26 Jul 2023

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.

<figure><img src="image_1.png" /></figure>

Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
<figure><img src="image_2.png" /></figure>

Acarologia
Open Science in Acarology

<figure><img src="image_3.png" /></figure>

Acarologia

A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959
Publishing on all aspects of the Acari

All information:
http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/
acarologia-contact@supagro.fr

<figure><img src="image_4.png" /></figure>

OPEN ACCESS

Acarologia is proudly non-profit,
with no page charges and free open access

Please help us maintain this system by
encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal
and by sending us your high quality research on the Acari.

Subscriptions: Year 2023 (Volume 63): 450 €
http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/subscribe.php

Previous volumes (2010-2021): 250 € / year (4 issues)
Acarologia, CBGP, CS 30016, 34988 MONTFERRIER-sur-LEZ Cedex, France
ISSN 0044-586X (print), ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic)

The digitalization of Acarologia papers prior to 2000 was supported by Agropolis Fondation under the reference ID 1500-024 through the « Investissements d'avenir » programme
(Labex Agro: ANR-10-LABX-0001-01)

<figure><img src="image_5.png" /></figure>

<figure><img src="image_6.png" /></figure>

Acarologia is under **free license** and distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons-BY
Acarologia

Open Science
in Acarology

# Three new alien spider mites
(Prostigmata, Tetranychidae) from
south-eastern France

Philippe Auger IDª, Denise Navia IDª, Alain Migeon IDª

ªCBGP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.

## Short note

### ABSTRACT

During this survey in southeastern France, there were found three new alien spider mites species: *Aponychus corpuzae* found on *Phyllostachys* sp. and *Semiarundinaria yashadake*; the Persea mite *Oligonychus perseae* found on *Persea americana* and most probably also on *Vitis vinifera*; *Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis* found on *Phyllostachys* sp. and *S. yashadake*. In connection with the new records of *A. corpuzae*, we propose an identification key for the world species of the genus *Aponychus*.

**Keywords** avocado; bamboo; biodiversity; invasive mite pests; Mediterranean basin

### Introduction

Any of these new alien mite species that manages to establish itself in a new environment is of concern, both for environmental and economic reasons if it feeds on crop plants (see Mack *et al.*, 2000 for a review). Due to their minute size, spider mites are difficult to detect before (interception) and early after their introduction into new environments, which may allow them to become permanently established in the newly colonised area. For this reason, their early detection is one of the important challenges in bioinvasion management allowing the adoption of measures to reduce the spread and the impact of the newly introduced mite.

In this context, because of our territorial alert mission, following the sending of a sample by a private individual, we undertook a survey in the south-east of France.

Now we provide the first evidence of the presence in southern France of three alien spider mites species. We also took advantage of the discovery of a species belonging to the genus *Aponychus* to fill a gap: to build an identification key for the 21 species belonging to this genus.

### Results and discussion

**Family Tetranychidae Donnadieu, 1875**

**Subfamily Tetranychinae Berlese, 1913**

**Tribe Eurytetranychini Reck, 1950**

**Genus Aponychus Rimando, 1966**

*Aponychus* Rimando, 1966: 105-113. Type-species: *Aponychus corpuzae* Rimando

**Aponychus corpuzae Rimando, 1966**

Figures 1A–B, 3A–D

According to Migeon and Dorkeld (2022), this species is only recorded from Oriental and Palearctic regions on Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae plant species. In Palearctic

Received 19 April 2023
Accepted 24 June 2023
Published 03 June 2023

Corresponding author
Philippe Auger ID:
philippe.auger@inrae.fr

Academic editor
Marčić, Dejan

https://doi.org/10.24349/yeys-kf03

ISSN 0044-586X (print)
ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic)

<figure><img src="image_7.png" /></figure>

Auger P. *et al.*

Licensed under
Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0

OPEN ACCESS
<figure><img src="image_8.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 1** A–B *Aponychus corpuzae*, female: A – dorsal view in *habitus*; B – ventral view of caudal part showing ventral position of setae *f*₂; C–D *Oligonychus perseae*: C – female dorsal view in *habitus*; D – male aedeagus; scale bars A=100 µm, B=25 µm; C=100 µm, D=10 µm.</figcaption></figure>

region, *A. corpuzae* was earlier recorded from China (Wang, 1981), Japan (e.g. Gotoh *et al*., 2003) and Korea (Lee, 1989). The only hitherto record in Europe is the most recent ones and concerns Italy and Slovenia (Seljak, 2015).

Records: 1 female, 2 males, 1 nymph collected on *Phyllostachys* sp. (Poaceae), Val Rahmeh Botanical Garden, (43.7847°N 7.5113°E, alt. 45 m a.s.l.), Menton (Alpes-Maritimes), France
<figure><img src="image_9.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 2** A – abaxial side of a vine leaf with nests of spider mite most likely produced by *Oligonychus perseae*; B – *Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis*, female. Part of the dorsal hysterosoma showing the length of setae *d*₁ and the relative distances between members of setae *e*₁ and *d*₁; scale bars A=5 cm, B=50 µm.</figcaption></figure>

30-IX-2019, leg. Auger P. & Migeon A.; 4 females, 1 male collected on *Semiarundinaria yashadake* Makino (Poaceae), (43.7348°N 3.9804°E, alt. 86 m a.s.l.), Saint-Drézéry (Hérault), France 26-XI-2017, leg. Migeon A.

Like Seljak (2015), overwintering females (female body colour was orange, males and juveniles were not found) (Fig. 3C) were found in November (late autumn), indicating that the species is potentially adapted and probably well established in south France.

Distinctive characters (Fig. 1A, B): females of this species are readily distinguished by their lateral expansions of the propodosoma, by the ventral position of outer sacral setae ($f_2$), setae $f_2$ being half as long as setae $f_1$, setae $sc_1, c_1, c_2, d_1, e_1$ being subequal in length and setae $h_1$ being longer than setae $f_1$.

Note: new species for France and new host record on the bamboo *S. yashadake*.

**Tribe Tetranychini Reck, 1950**

**Genus *Oligonychus* Berlese, 1886**

*Oligonychus* Berlese, 1886: 24. Type-species: *Heteronychus brevipodus* Targioni Tozzetti.

**Oligonychus perseae Tuttle, Baker and Abbatiello, 1976**

Figures 1C–D, 2A, 3E–H

Native from Central America (Tuttle *et al.*, 1976), the Persea mite, *Oligonychus perseae* Tuttle, Baker and Abbatiello, 1976 is recorded from Nearctic, Neotropical and Palearctic regions. Considered as an invasive pest, this species was recorded for the first time in Europe in Portugal (Ferreira *et al.*, 2006; Naves *et al.*, 2021), then in Spain (Alcázar *et al.*, 2005) and more recently in Italy (Sicily) (Zappalà *et al.*, 2015).

Records: 6 females, 2 males collected on *Persea americana* Mill. (Lauraceae), Val Rahmeh Botanical Garden, (43.7847°N 7.5113°E, alt. 45 m a.s.l.), Menton (Alpes-Maritimes), France 30-IX-2019, leg. Auger P., Migeon A.; 4 females, 1 male collected on *P. americana*, Route
de Super Garavan (43.7901°N 7.5169°E, alt. 189 m a.s.l.), Menton (Alpes-Maritimes), France 24-VIII-2016, leg. Dr René d'Agro.

All the specimens of *O. perseae* were collected on avocado, *P. americana*, on the French Côte d'Azur, at Menton, near the Italian border. The first sample came from the private garden of Dr René d'Agro who sent us a sample of mite from infested avocado leaves. He also sent some pictures of grapevine leaves, *Vitis vinifera* L. (Vitaceae), from his neighbor's garden near his own, which were infested by a spider mite whose leaf symptoms were similar (silk nests on the underside of leaves, mainly located along the midrib and main veins) to those produced by *O. perseae* (Fig. 2A). Although we did not observe under the microscope the mites responsible for these symptoms on grape (we did not have the opportunity to collect mite material because the owner wished to remain anonymous), we also believe that the mite responsible for this damage is *O. perseae*. However, this possible occurrence of *O. perseae* will be the third record of this species on grapevine. The first report was in Madeira Island and the second in Algarve, Portugal mainland (Ferreira *et al.* 2006, 2007). A second sample was collected in the botanical garden of Menton and other avocado trees showing symptoms of infestation by *O. perseae* were also observed [not collected: as the symptoms observed were typical of *O. persae* (see above), we did not consider it necessary to expand the number of samples] here and there in the city.

Distinctive characters (Fig. 1C, D): among the species whose male have an aedeagus which shape is *O. ununguis*-like, females of this species can be distinguished by: (1) their dorsal striae forming a reversed V-pattern between dorsal setae *e*₁, (2) setae *c*₁ and *d*₁ not reaching the base of the next row whereas the setae *e*₁ reach the base of the setae *f*₁, (3) the combination of their tarsal and tibial leg chaetotaxy (tarsus I with 4 setae and one solenidion proximal to proximal duplex setae, tarsus II with 2 setae proximal to duplex setae).

Note: new species for France.

Remarks: this species can represent a phytosanitary risk in France, taking into account (1) the expansion of avocado crop (its main host plant) in the country (Côte d'Azur, Pyrénées-Orientales and Corse) and (2) the pest status and yield losses reported in production areas in affected countries (e.g. Torres *et al.* 2023). Although there is no evidence indicating damage to other crops besides avocado, reports of the species on grapevine in Europe as well as observation of symptoms in localities close to the infested avocados (in this study) warn about the possible adaptation and impact that this species could cause in European vineyards under climate change scenarios. According to EFSA pest categorization (European Food Safety Authority 2022), *O. persea* satisfies the criteria to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest and avoiding its spread is important.

## Genus Stigmaeopsis Banks, 1917

*Stigmaeopsis* Banks, 1917: 195. Type-species: *Stigmaeopsis celarius* Banks

### Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis (Ma & Yuan, 1980)

Figures 2B, 3I–L

*Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis* is known only from Oriental region, from China (Palearctic region probably), and from Europe: in Italy (Pellizzari and Duso, 2009), in Hungary (Kontschan and Nemenyi, 2013) and in mainland Portugal (Naves *et al.* 2021). According to Migeon and Dorkeld (2022), this species inhabits several bamboos species belonging to the genera *Fargesia*, *Phyllostachys* and *Pseudosasa*.

Records: 7 females, 3 males collected on *Phyllostachys* sp. (Poaceae) French-Italian Border post, (43.7859°N 7.5277°E, alt. 26 m a.s.l.), Menton (Alpes-Maritimes), France 30-IX-2019, leg. Auger P., Migeon A.

This new occurrence is not very surprising as Pellizzari and Duso (2009) previously reported this species in the Italian town of Ventimiglia (Imperia district) which is located close to the French border (less than 10 km).
<figure><img src="image_10.png" /><figcaption>**Figure 3** A–D *Aponychus corpuzae*: A – symptoms on bamboo leaves; B – female; C – female harbouring winter coloration; D – male. E–H *Oligonychus perseae*: E – symptoms under avocado leaves; F – nests along the vein, abaxial side of avocado leaf; G – details of a nest showing two females, a nymph and three eggs; H – female. I–L *Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis*: symptoms under bamboo leaves with inhabited and abandoned nests, abaxial side of bamboo leaf; J – details of a nest showing faeces accumulated on the left side; K – female under the silk web of a nest; L – female, nymph and two eggs.</figcaption></figure>

Distinctive characters (Fig. 2B): (1) in females, the distance between insertions of setae $e_1$ is similar to that found between insertions of setae $d_1$; (2) the setae $d_1$ are longer than the distance between the insertions of setae $d_1$ members (Saito *et al.* 2018).

Note: this species was erroneously reported as *Stigmaeopsis celarius* Banks, 1917 by Auger and Migeon (2007) (12 females, 10 males collected on *Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens* Rivière & C. Rivière (Poaceae), Bambouseraie de Prafrance (44.0718°N, 3.9796°E, alt. 144 m a.s.l), Générargues (Gard), France 16-IX-2003, leg. Migeon A.) and it was previously collected in Southern France but had not been identified until this work (4 females, 1 male collected on S. yashadake, (43.7348°N 3.9805°E, alt. 86 m a.s.l.)), Saint Drézéry (Hérault), France 26-XI-2017,
leg. Migeon A.); new species for France and new host record on *S. yashadake*.

**Key to the world species of *Aponychus* females**

The key was built according to the valid species mentioned by Migeon and Dorkeld (2022) taking into account that, following the revision by Hernandes (2010), which concluded that several species of *Aponychus* should probably be synonymized, only *A. aequilibris* is considered a junior synonym of *A. corpuzae* (Hernandes and Feres, 2013). As a consequence, twenty-one species are here considered valid.

As we observed some variations in sacral setae labelling in the literature when they are both in dorsal marginal position (e.g. *A. chiavegatoi* vs. *A. mai*), we decide to name *f*₂ the closest seta to clunal setae (*h*₁).

1. First 3 pairs of dorsocentral setae (*c*₁, *d*₁, *e*₁) well developed (seta *c*₁ reaching or surpassing well the base of *d*₁), not spatulate, more or less elongate, inserted on obvious or strong tubercles
2. First 3 pairs of dorsocentral setae (*c*₁, *d*₁, *e*₁) short (seta *c*₁ far from reaching base of *d*₁), not inserted on strong tubercles
9

2. Seta *c*₂ tiny, displaced anteriorly onto the prodorsum
A. chiavegatoi Feres & Flechtmann, 1988
— Seta *c*₂ well developed
3

3. Some dorsal setae subspatulate-lanceolate (obviously widened near the middle) to spatulate
4. All dorsal setae elongate
5

4. Setae *sc*₂, *c*₃ and *h*₁ short, lanceolate; tibia II with 4 tactile setae
A. mauritianum Ferla & Ferla, 2020
— Setae *sc*₂, *c*₃ and *h*₁ short, broadly spatulate; tibia II with 5 tactile setae
A. schultzi (Blanchard, 1940)

5. Dorsal setae subequal in length (except seta *h*₁, the longest)
A. mallotus Ho, 2003
— Some dorsal setae obviously smaller
6

6. Dorsocentral seta *c*₁ surpassing well the base of seta *d*₁
7. Dorsocentral seta *c*₁ reaching or almost reaching the base of seta *d*₁
8

7. Seta *f*₂ short and subspatulate; tibiae I with 6 setae and II with 4 setae
A. taishanicus Wang, 1981
— Seta *f*₂ short and slender, sometimes blunt; tibiae I with 5 setae and II with 3 setae
A. spinosus (Banks, 1909)

8. Dorsal setae stout, some of them rounded distally; seta *c*₃ about half the length of *c*₂, *h*₁ about half the length of *f*₁
A. pilipinus Corpuz-Raros, 1978
— Dorsal setae tapering acute distally; seta *c*₃ and *h*₁ about 3/4 the length of *c*₂ and *f*₁, respectively
A. firmianae (Ma & Yuan, 1965)

9. Seta *f*₁ or *f*₂ very reduced or absent
10. Setae *f*₁ and *f*₂ present and well developed
13

10. Seta *f*₂ absent
A. bambusae Gupta & Gupta, 1990
— Seta *f*₂ present, sometimes in ventral position
11
11. Seta $f_1$ tiny, $f_2$ and $h_1$ subspatulate of same size; seta $v_2$ very short .................................... A. sarjui Gupta, 1980
— Seta $f_1$ not tiny, short or elongate .................................................................................................... 12

12. Seta $c_1$ longer than distance between insertions of $c_1$ members; seta $f_1$ setiform widened to lanceolate sometimes somewhat rounded distally, about 1/4 the length of seta $h_1$; seta $f_2$ enlarged near the middle gradually narrowing distally, subequal in length to seta $h_1$ .................................... A. mai Pan, Jin & Yi, 2022
— Seta $c_1$ obviously shorter than distance between insertions of $c_1$ members; setae $f_1$ and $f_2$ setiform slender, seta $f_1$ slightly shorter than seta $h_1$; $f_2$ in ventral position, about 1/3 the length of seta $h_1$ or more .................................................................................................... A. corpuzae Rimando, 1966

13. Seta $f_2$ as long as seta $h_1$, both longer than seta $f_1$ .. A. siamensis Ehara & Wongsiri, 1975
— Seta $f_2$ longer than setae $h_1$ and $f_1$ .................................................................................................... 14

14. Among first 3 pairs of dorsocentral setae ($c_1$, $d_1$ and $e_1$) some being lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate .................................................................................................... 15
— All first 3 pairs of dorsocentral setae ($c_1$, $d_1$ and $e_1$) spatulate to subspatulate with rounded tip .................................................................................................... 16

15. Third pair of dorsocentral seta ($e_1$) obviously shorter than first and second pairs ($c_1$ and $d_1$); femur I with 6 setae, femur II with 5 setae.................... A. imperatus Hafaz & EI-Badry, 1980
— Third pair of dorsocentral setae ($e_1$) longer or as long as first and second pairs ($c_1$ and $d_1$); femur I with 9 setae, femur II with 6 setae.................... A. grandidieri (Gutierrez, 1966)

16. Seta $v_2$ shorter than seta $sc_1$, $v_2$ about 2/3 the length of $sc_1$; tibiae III and IV with 1 solenidion; stylophore shallowly cleft .................... A. solimani Zaher, Gomaa & EI-Enany, 1982
— Seta $v_2$ obviously longer than seta $sc_1$ .................................................................................................... 17

17. Seta $c_1$ shorter than seta $e_1$ .................................................................................................... 18
— Seta $c_1$ longer or as long as seta $e_1$ .................................................................................................... 19

18. Seta $sc_2$ 4 times as long as seta $sc_1$; seta $e_2$ twice as long as seta $d_2$; seta $d_2$ less than 1.5 the length of seta $c_2$; seta $d_1$ shorter than the half distance $c_1-d_1$ .................................... A. lupus Chaudhri, 1972
— Seta $sc_2$ about twice as long as seta $sc_1$; seta $e_2$ about 1.25 the length of seta $d_2$; seta $d_2$ twice as long as seta $c_2$; seta $d_1$ longer than the half distance $c_1-d_1$ .................... A. sulcatus Chaudhri, 1972

19. Seta $v_2$ more than twice longer than seta $sc_1$ .................................... A. rarus Rimando, 1966
— Seta $v_2$ less than twice longer than seta $sc_1$ .................................................................................................... 20

20. Seta $c_1$ as long as seta $d_2$; seta $sc_1$ as long as seta $d_1$ .................... A. expansus Chaudhri, 1972
— Seta $c_1$ shorter than seta $d_2$ ($c_1$ about ¾ to 3/5 the length of $d_2$); seta $sc_1$ slightly longer than seta $d_1$ .................................................................................................... A. parydrus (Meyer, 1987)

## Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Val Rahmeh-Menton Botanical Garden and particularly Mr Christophe Joulin for allowing us to collect plant samples and for assistance during the collection. Professor Carlos Flechtmann is also deeply acknowledged for providing us with the exhaustive and indispensable documentation on the species belonging to the genus *Aponychus*.
We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. The present work was supported by the grant from the National Institute for Agronomical Research and Environment, Dpt Plant Protection and Environment (IB 2023 SPE INRAE ; PrepAcari : "Petits mais Costauds - de la taxonomie intégrative à l'écologie pour se préparer au risque acarien").

ORCID

Philippe Auger https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2671-9561

Denise Navia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-4984

Alain Migeon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-5158

References

Alcázar M.D., Aranda G., Márquez A.L., Sánchez L., Ruiz C. 2005. *Oligonychus persea* (Acari: Tetranychidae); una nueva plaga en el aguacate en el Sur de España. IV Congreso Nacional de Entomología Aplicada - X Jornadas Científicas de la SEEA - I Jornadas Portuguesas de Entomología Aplicada, Bragança - Portugal: 213.

Auger P., Migeon A. 2007. Les tétranyques des bambous en France. PHM Revue Horticole, 488: 17-19.

EFSA PLH Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Health). Bragard C., Baptista P., Chatzivassiliou E., Di Serio F., Gonthier P., Miret J.A.J., Fejer Justesen A-M., MacLeod A., Magnusson C.S., Panagiotis Milonas P., Navas-Cortes J.A., Parnell S., Potting R., Reignault P.L., Stefani E., Thulke H-H., Van der Werf W., Civera A.V., Yuen J., Zappalà L. 2022. Pest categorisation of *Oligonychus perseae*. EFSA Journal 20(6):7336. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7336

Ferreira M.A.S., Brazão C.I., Aguiar A.F. 2006. Ocorrência de *Oligonychus perseae* Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae) na Ilha da Madeira. Agronomia Lusitana, 51: 219-222.

Ferreira M.A.S., Ramos N., Soares C., Fernandes J.E. 2007. O ácaro do-abacateiro no Algarve. Frutas, Legumes e Flores, 97: 56-57.

Gotoh T., Noda H., Hong X.Y. 2003. *Wolbachia* distribution and cytoplasmic incompatibility based on a survey of 42 spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Japan. Heredity, 91: 208-216.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800329

Hernandes, F.A. 2010. Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética de espécies de *Aponychus* Rimando, *Praponychus* Gonzáles & Flechtmann e *Stylophoronychus* Prasad (Acari, Eurytetranychini) [Phd Thesis] - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, pp. 203

Hernandes F.A., Feres R.J.F. 2013. Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the spider mite genera *Aponychus*, *Paraponychus* and *Stylophoronychus* using morphology (Acari: Tetranychidae). Invertebrate Systematics 27(3): 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12071

Kontschan J., Nemenyi A. 2013. An East- Asian tetranychid Bamboo inhabiting mite, *Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis* (ma & Yuan, 1980) first occurrence in Hungary (Acari: Tetranychidae). Növényvédelem, 49: 473-477.

Lee J.S. 1989. A systematic study on the Tetranychoid mites (Order : Acarina) in Korea. Chonju, Chonbuk University: 124.

Mack R.N., Simberloff D., Lonsdale W.M., Evans H., Clout M., Bazzaz F.A. 2000. Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecol Appl 10: 689-710. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010%5B0689;BICEGC%5D2.0.CO;2

Migeon A., Dorkeld F. 2022. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. Available from https://www1.montpellier.inrae.fr/CBGP/spmweb/index.php (Accessed 5/12/2022)

Naves P., Nóbrega F., Auger P. 2021. Updated and annotated review of Tetranychidae occurring in mainland Portugal, the Azores, and Madeira Archipelagos. Acarologia 61(2): 380-393. https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214437

Pellizzari G., Duso C. 2009. Occurence of *Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis* in Europe. Bulletin of Insectology, 62: 149-151.

Saito Y., Sato Y., Chittenden A. R., Lin J.-Z., Zhang Y.-X. 2018. Description of two new species of *Stigmaeopsis*, Banks 1917 (Acari, Tetranychidae) inhabiting *Miscanthus* grasses (Poaceae). Acarologia 58(2): 414-429. https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184250

Seljak G. 2015. The bamboo spider mite *Aponychus corpuzae* Rimando (Acari: Tetranychidae); first record in the West-Palaearctic. EPPO Bulletin, 45: 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12201

Torres E., Álvarez-Acosta C., del Pino M., Wong M.E., Boyero J.R., Hernández-Suárez E., Vela J.M. 2023. Economic Impact of the Persea Mite in Spanish Avocado Crops. Agronomy, 13(3):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030668

Tuttle D.M., Baker E.W., Abbatiello M. 1976. Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina : Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology, 2: 1-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760

Wang H.F. 1981. Acariformes: Tetranychoidea. Econ. Insect Fauna China, Science Press, 23: 150 p.

Zappalà L., Kreiter S., Russo A., Tropea Garzia G., Auger P. 2015. First record of the Persea mite *Oligonychus perseae* (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Italy with a review of the literature. International Journal of Acarology, 41: 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2015.1014415