[141] Steimel A. Under Europe's incompatible catenary voltages a review of multi-system traction technology. In: Proceedings of the railway and ship propulsion 2012 electrical systems for aircraft. 2012, p. 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387460.

[142] Nouvion J. see http://bpcv.free.fr/record1955.html. [Last visited 01 August 2025], [in French].

[143] Aboudrar S, Allais A, Allweins K, Berger K, Bouvier G, Capron J, et al. Qualification of the SuperRail HTS Cable System. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2025;35:4802006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3538520.

[144] Fang XY, Li LC, Wang XL, Wang X, Fang J. Performance evaluation of 2G HTS current leads for HTS transformers on high speed rail. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2024;34:6900705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3391758.

[145] Allais A, Saugrain JM, West B, Lallouet N, Caron H, Ferandelle D, et al. SuperRail-world-first HTS cable to be installed on a railway network in France. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2024;34:4802207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3356450.

[146] Tomita M, Akasaka T, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Kobayashi Y, Onji T. Practical verification of superconducting feeder cable on commercial rail lines. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2024;34:5400405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3360934.

[147] Tomita M, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Kobayashi Y, Akasaka T, Suzuki K, et al. Superconducting DC power transmission for subway lines that can reduce electric resistance and save energy. Energy 2023;281:128250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128250.

[148] Hajiri G, Berger K, Trillaud F, Lévêque J, Caron H. Impact of superconducting cables on a DC railway network. Energies 2023;16:776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020776.

[149] Tomita M, Fukumoto Y, Suzuki K, Ishihara A, Ogose K, Akasaka T, et al. Current breaking test of the superconducting feeder on tram-train running. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2022;32:4802705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2022.3156987.

[150] Tomita M, Fukumoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Ishihara A, Akasaka T, Suzuki K, et al. Laying of superconducting cable and cooling test on the field of subway. Cryogenics 2022;123:103433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2022.103433.

[151] Hajiri G, Berger K, Dorget R, Lévêque J, Caron H. Design and modelling tools for DC HTS cables for the future railway network in France. Supercond Sci Technol 2022;35:024003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac43c7.

[152] Hajiri G, Berger K, Dorget R, Lévêque J, Caron H. Thermal and electromagnetic design of DC HTS cables for the future french railway network. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2021;31:5400208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3059598.

[153] Higashikawa K, Kaneshige T, Tokuyama K, Imamura K, Suzuki K, Tomita M, et al. Diagnostic method for monitoring core position and strand failure in DC superconducting cable. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2021;31:5400404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3065993.

[154] Tomita M, Suzuki K, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Torii T, Akasaka T, et al. Verification of superconducting feeder cable in pulse current and notch operation on railway vehicles. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2021;31:4800104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2020.3013839.

[155] Tomita M, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Suzuki K, Akasaka T, Kobayashi Y, et al. Energy analysis of superconducting power transmission installed on the commercial railway line. Energy 2020;209:118318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118318.

[156] Tomita M, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Suzuki K, Akasaka T, Caron H, et al. Train running test transmitted by superconducting feeder cable and study as an example of line in Japan and France. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2020;30:5400107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2949237.

[157] Tomita M, Akasaka T, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Suzuki K, Kobayashi Y. Laying method for superconducting feeder cable along railway line. Cryogenics 2018;89:125-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2017.11.007.

[158] Tomita M, Suzuki K, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Akasaka T, Kobayashi Y. Energy-saving railway systems based on superconducting power transmission. Energy 2017;122:579-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.099.

[159] Kumagai D, Ohsaki H, Tomita M. Feasibility study of superconducting power cables for DC electric railway feeding systems in view of thermal condition at short circuit accident. Cryogenics 2016;80:229-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2016.06.013.

[160] Tomita M, Muralidhar M, Suzuki K, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Akasaka T, et al. Design and construction of a high temperature superconducting power cable cryostat for use in railway system applications. Supercond Sci Technol 2013;26:105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/10/105005.

[161] Ohsaki H, Lv Z, Matsushita N, Sekino M, Koseki T, Tomita M. Superconducting power cable application in DC electric railway systems. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2013;23:3600705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2237874.

[162] Tomita M, Muralidhar M, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Suzuki K, Kobayashi Y, et al. Design and development of superconducting DC cable for railway applications. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2013;23:3601504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2251742.

[163] Tomita M, Muralidhar M, Suzuki K, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A. Development of 10 kA high temperature superconducting power cable for railway systems. J Appl Phys 2012;111:063910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3696975.

[164] Tomita M, Suzuki K, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Muralidhar M. Next generation of prototype direct current superconducting cable for railway system. J Appl Phys 2011;109:063909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3553843.

[165] Tomita M, Fukumoto Y, Suzuki K, Muralidhar M. Development of prototype DC superconducting cable for railway system. Physica C 2010;470:S1007-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2010.03.014.

[166] Ito S, Tamura R, Yamamoto H, Onji T, Tomita M. Press-welding between high-temperature superconducting tape conductors with low-temperature solders including indium. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2025;35:4800305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3512512.

[167] Akasaka T, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara A, Kobayashi Y, Onji T, Tomita M. Development of joint technology on superconducting cables for feeder. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2024;34:6400404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2023.3344064.

[168] Ito S, Aparicio LE, Atake Y, Yamamoto H, Onji T, Tomita M. Initial study on press welding with indium applied to high-temperature superconducting DC feeder cables. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2023;33:4800405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2023.3237791.

[169] Akasaka T, Onji T, Yano S, Zhong YX, Otabe ES, Ishihara A, et al. Analytical and experimental evaluation of the joints in bi-based superconducting tape for the feeder cable. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2023;33:4800305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2022.3225075.

[170] Hajiri G, Berger K, Lévêque J. Optimization of the terminations of an HTS cable operating on a DC railway network. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2024;34:4800308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2023.3338603.

[171] Inoue R, Iwamoto T, Komoda H, Ueda H, Kim S. Optimal design of resonance circuit topology for a wireless power transmission system using HTS coils. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2024;34:3602005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3378212.

[172] Inoue R, Inoue Y, Ueda H, Kim S. Investigation of HTS coil structure robustness against misalignment between coils in a wireless power transmission system for railway vehicles. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2023;33:3600705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2023.3252490.

[173] Inoue R, Nagasaki Y, Tsuda M, Miyagi D. Basic coil structure for rapid charge in a low-frequency and high-efficiency wireless power transmission system using high-temperature superconducting coil for railway vehicle. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2023;33:5500109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2022.3220342.

[174] Inoue R, Ueda H, Kim S. Basic study on power transmission characteristics for high-temperature superconducting cable termination applying a wireless power transmission system. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2022;32:5400804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2022.3167933.

[175] Inoue R, Ueda H, Kim S. Study on low-loss and high-energy density coil structure of a wireless power transmission system using high-temperature superconducting coils for railway vehicle. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2022;32:4604704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2022.3169997.

[176] Inoue R, Igarashi K, Nagasaki Y, Miyagi D, Tsuda M, Matsuki H. Electric power transmission characteristics of a wireless power transmission system using high temperature superconducting coils for railway vehicle. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2019;29:5402305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2904649.

[177] Inoue R, Ueda H, Kim S, Tsuda M. Thermal characteristics of REBCO coil in a wireless power transmission system for the railway vehicle in liquid nitrogen. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2021;31:4700905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3059234.

[178] Shen BY, Chen Y, Xu JQ, Wang WB, Lin GB, Chen XH, et al. Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for urban railway transportation. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2023;34:5701304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2024.3400670.

[179] Li C, Li GY, Xin Y, Li WX, Yang TH, Li B. A high-temperature superconducting energy conversion and storage system with large capacity. J Energy Storage 2022;53:104957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104957.

[180] Arai Y, Seino H, Yoshizawa K, Nagashima K. Development of superconducting magnetic bearing with superconducting coil and bulk superconductor for flywheel energy storage system. Physica C 2013;494:250-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2013.04.039.

[181] Lee H, Jung S, Cho Y, Yoon D, Jang G. Peak power reduction and energy efficiency improvement with the superconducting flywheel energy storage in electric railway system. Physica C 2013;494:246-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2013.04.033.

[182] Suzuki S, Baba J, Shutoh K, Masada E. Effective application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to load leveling for high speed transportation system. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2004;14:713-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2004.830082.

[183] Hamada AM, Abdellatif WSE, Abdelwahab SAM, Ahmed MMR. Development of an arcless hybrid DC fault current limiter suitable for DC railway power networks. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2024;157:109822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iejes.2024.109822.

[184] Higashikawa K, Tajima M, Urasaki S, Inoue M, Fukumoto Y, Tomita M, et al. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation on fault current limiting operation of RE-123 coated conductors under the influence of spatial inhomogeneity. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2018;28:5602405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2815768.
[185] Yang K, Yang Y, Junaid M, Liu SY, Liu ZY, Geng YS, et al. Direct-current vacuum circuit breaker with superconducting fault-current limiter. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2018;28:5600108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2017.2767500.

[186] Nishihara T, Hoshino T, Tomita M. FCL effect of DC superconducting cables in unsteady state. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2017;27:5400804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2017.2656632.

[187] Fisher LM, Alferov DF, Akhmetgareev MR, Budovskii AI, Evsin DV, Voloshin IF, et al. Superconducting fault current limiter for railway transport. Phys At Nucl 2015;78:1654-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1063778815140045.

[188] Mukoyama S, Matsuoka T, Hatakeyama H, Kasahara H, Furukawa M, Nagashima K, et al. Test of REBCO HTS magnet of magnetic bearing for flywheel storage system in solar power system. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2015;25:4603904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2363044.

[189] Ohsaki H, Kumagai D, Tomita M. Thermal and cooling characteristic analysis of a superconducting DC power cable for railway application. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2015;25:5400505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2371913.

[190] Shin HS, Cho SM, Huh JS, Kim JC, Kweon DJ. Application on of SFCL in automatic power changeover switch system of electric railways. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2012;22:5600704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2011.2177617.

[191] Shin HS, Cho SM, Kim JC. Protection scheme using SFCL for electric railways with automatic power changeover switch system. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2012;22:5600604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2011.2174812.

[192] Sugio T, Yamamoto M, Funabiki S. A fuzzy-based control method for smoothing power fluctuations in substations along high-speed railways. Electr Eng Jpn 2012;179:35-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.21175.

[193] Dai WH, Song YT, Fang C, Wei J, Du SS. Simulation for the superconductor linear eddy current brake of the high-speed train. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2023;33:4901406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2023.3286530.

[194] Middendorf E, Müller R. Lokomotiven für Europa – Die Güterzuglokomotiven BR 185 von DB Cargo. In: Eisenbahn-revue 9/1999. p. 355–65 [in German].

[195] Cao RW, Lu MH. Investigation on high temperature superconducting linear flux-switching motors with different mover and stator pole pitch ratios for urban railway transit system. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2021;31:5202005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3064529.

[196] Lu MH, Cao RW. Comparative investigation of high temperature superconducting linear flux-switching motor and high temperature superconducting linear switched reluctance motor for urban railway transit. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2021;31:4604704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3054604.

[197] Cao RW, Lu MH. Investigation of high temperature superconducting linear flux-switching motors with different secondary structures. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2020;30:3602305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2020.2977588.

[198] Liu K, Zhao ZW, Gong TY, Cai Y, Wang C, Zhou PB, et al. The reduced fluctuation in the electromagnetic forces of a coreless HTS linear synchronous motor. Physica C 2019;557:49-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2018.09.003.

[199] Lee JH, Lee CY, Jo JM, Lim J, Choe J, Sun Y, et al. Analysis of the influence of magnetic stiffness on running stability in a high-speed train propelled by a superconducting linear synchronous motor. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part F – J Rail Rapid Transit 2019;233:170-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718785296.

[200] Gong TY, Ma GT, Qian HY, Liu K, Liu K, Wang C, et al. Electromagnetic investigation of a high-temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor for high-speed railway. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2018;28:5202305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2790940.

[201] Lee CY, Lee JH, Jo JM, Park CB, Ryu WH, Chung YD, et al. Conceptual design of superconducting linear synchronous motor for 600-km/h wheel-type railway. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2014;24:3600304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2284662.

[202] Konishi T, Nakamura T, Nishimura T, Amemiya N. Analytic evaluation of HTS induction motor for rolling stock. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2011;21:1123-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2010.2101570.

[203] Li XH, Zhang JY, Huang KT, Song XH, Fang J. Electromagnetic design of high-temperature superconducting traction transformer for high-speed railway train. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2019;29:5501905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2908618.

[204] Fujimoto H, Hata H, Kamijo H, Nagashima K, Ikeda K, Iwakuma M, et al. Development of a superconducting transformer for rolling stock. Ind Ceram 2010;30:41-7.

[205] Kamijo H, Hata H, Fujimoto H, Inoue A, Nagashima K, Ikeda K, et al. Tests of superconducting traction transformer for railway rolling stock. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2007;17:1927-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2007.898887.

[206] Kamijo H, Hata H, Fujimoto H, Ikeda K, Herai T, Sakaki K, et al. Fabrication of inner secondary winding of high-$T_c$ superconducting traction transformer for railway rolling stock. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2005;15:1875-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2005.849318.

[207] Kamijo H, Hata H, Fujimoto H, Bohno T, Sakaki K, Yamada H, et al. Fabrication of winding model of high-$T_c$ superconducting transformer for railway rolling stock. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2003;13:2337-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2003.813121.

[208] Meinert M, Leghissa M, Schlosser R, Schmidt H. System test of a 1-MVA-HTS-transformer connected to a converter-fed drive for rail-vehicles. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2003;13:2348-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2003.813066.

[209] Schlosser R, Schmidt H, Leghissa M, Meinert M. Development of high-temperature superconducting transformers for railway applications. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2003;13:2325-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2003.813118.

[210] Fujimoto H, Hata H, Kamijo H, Nagashima K, Nemoto K. Preliminary study of superconducting transformers for electric rolling stocks. Physica C 2000;341-345:2625-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4534(00)01398-8.

[211] Park CB. Performance comparison between the normal-conducting magnet and the superconducting magnet in LSM for high-speed propulsion. IEEE Trans Magn 2017;53:8204106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2017.2703169.

[212] Higashikawa K, Urasaki S, Inoue M, Tomita M, Kiss T. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of superconducting devices for DC electric railway systems based on a real-time digital simulator. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2016;26:5402104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2536562.

[213] Jeong IS, Jung BI, You DS, Choi HS. Analysis of S-parameters in magnetic resonance WPT using superconducting coils. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2016;26:0501004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2544139.

[214] Yamada Y, Shimohiro T, Ohtani T, Tachikawa K, Tamura H, Mito T, et al. Transport performance and structures of Bi2212 oxide superconductors prepared by diffusion process. J Jpn Inst Met 2007;71:972-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.71.972.

[215] Fujimoto H. Superconducting and mechanical properties of RE-Ba-Cu-O/Ag bulk superconductors. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2005;15:3098-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2005.848967.

[216] Leghissa M. private communication.

[217] Cui C, Fang X, Wang J, Li Y, Yang Z, Lin F. A linear eddy current braking system with normal force suppression function for electrodynamic suspension train. IEEE Trans Magn 2025;61(7):8600110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2025.3573300.

[218] Floegel-Delor U, Schirrmeister P, Riedel T, Koenig R, Kantarbar V, Werfel FN. Bulk superconductor levitation devices: Advances in and prospects for development. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2018;28(4):3601605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.280946.

[219] Liu Z, Li T, Li S, Mi CC. Advancements and challenges in wireless power transfer: A comprehensive review. Nexus 2024;1:100014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nyxen.2024.100014.

[220] Ukita K, Kashiwagi T, Sakamoto Y, Sasakawa T. Evaluation of a non-contact power supply system with a figure-of-eight coil for railway vehicles. In: Proc. IEEE pELS workshop emerg. technol.: wireless power. p. 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WoW.2015.7132807.

[221] Kim JH, Lee J-H, Lee S-H, Park C-B, Jung S-M, Lee S-G, et al. Development of 1-MW inductive power transfer system for a high-speed train. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 2015;62(10):6242-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2417122.

[222] Hamabe M, Sugino M, Watanabe H, Kawahara T, Yamaguchi S, Ishiguro Y, et al. Critical current and its magnetic field effect measurement of HTS tapes forming DC superconducting cable. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2011;21:1038-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2010.2089964.

[223] Sun J, Watanabe H, Hamabe M, Yamamoto N, Kawahara T, Yamaguchi S. Critical current behavior of a BSCCO tape in the stacked conductors under different current feeding mode. Physica C 2013;494:297-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2013.04.031.

[224] Zhang D, Dai S, Zhang F, Zhu Z, Xu X, Zhou W, et al. Stability analysis of the cable core of a 10 kA HTS DC power cable used in the electrolytic aluminum industry. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2015;25:5402304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2374691.

[225] Bruzek CE, Ballarino A, Escamez G, Giannelli S, Grasso G, Grilli F, et al. Status of the MgB$_2$-based high-power DC cable demonstrator within BEST PATHS. Potsdam, Germany: Research Institute for Sustainability Helmholtz Centre Potsdam; 2017.

[226] Sytnikov VE, Bemert SE, Kopylov SI, Romashov MA, Ryabin TV, Shakaryan YuG, et al. Status of HTS cable link project for St. Petersburg grid. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2015;25:5400904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2373814.

[227] Elschner S, Brand J, Goldacker W, Hollik M, Kudymow A, Strauss S, et al. 3S-superconducting DC-busbar for high current applications. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2018;28:4800805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2797521.

[228] Yang B, Kang J, Lee S, Choi C, Moon Y. Qualification test of a 80 kV 500 MW HTS DC cable for applying into real grid. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2015;25:5402705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2015.2396683.

[229] Fabre J, Ladoux P, Caron H, Verdicchio AA, Blaquiére J-M, Flumian D, et al. Characterization and implementation of resonant isolated DC/DC converters for future MVDC railway electrification systems. IEEE Trans Transp Electr 2021;7:854-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2020.3033659.

[230] SuperRail project. 2025. See https://www.nexans.de/de/business/power-transmission-distribution/superconductivity/montparnasse-strengthening-and-securing-train-station-power-supply.html. [Last visited 01 August 2025].

[231] L'air liquide. 2025. See https://advancedtech.airliqueide.com/sites/alat/files/2021/09/14/turbo-brayton_brochure_en_06.21_sd.pdf. [Last visited 01 August 2025].
[232] Baskys A, Patel A, Hopkins SC, Kalitka V, Molodyk A, Glowacki BA. Self-supporting stacks of commercial superconducting tape trapping fields up to 1.6 T using pulsed field magnetization. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2015;25:6600304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2360871.

[233] Gromoll D, Schumacher R, Humpert C. Dielectric strength of insulating material in LN₂ with thermally induced bubbles. J Phys Conf Ser 2020;1559:012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012087.

[234] Kwag D, Cheon H, Choi J, Kim H, Cho J, Yun M, et al. The electrical insulation characteristics for a HTS cable termination. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2006;16:1618-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2006.870519.

[235] Bulinski A, Densley J. High voltage insulation for power cables utilizing high temperature superconductivity. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 1999;15:14-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/57.753927.

[236] Rigby SJ, Weedy BM. Liquid nitrogen-impregnated tape insulation for cryoresistive cable. IEEE Trans Electr Insul 1975;EI-10:1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEI.1975.297849.

[237] Jacob T, Buchholz A, Noe M, Weil M. Comparative life cycle assessment of different cooling systems for high-temperature superconducting power cables. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2022;32:4802805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2022.3168239.

[238] Mazzone A, Schönbacher M, Larrea X. Future freight locomotives in Shift2Rail – development of full electric last mile propulsion system. In: Proc. 7th transport research arena TRA 2018.

[239] Gottschall T, Skokov KP, Fries M, Taubel A, Radulov I, Scheibel F, et al. Making a cool choice: The materials library of magnetic refrigeration. Adv Energy Mater 2019;9:1901322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901322.

[240] Wang Y, Pan H, Liu S. Research progress of high efficiency magnetic refrigeration technology and magnetic materials. J Supercond Nov Magn 2025;38:86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-024-06847-x.