graduated from the University of Oxford in 1998, before settling in France and completing his PhD in Communication Science at the University of Burgundy, in 2008. He is a member of the TIL ("Texte, Image, Langage") research group (EA 4182), where he specialises in intercultural communication and comparative cross-cultural communication studies. He led the TEE2014 research project. E-mail: alexander.frame@u-bourgogne.fr.

**Dr Thierry Grison** received a Ph.D in 1994 in Computer Science. He is associate professor in Computer Science at the University of Burgundy, and member of the Electronics, Informatics and Image Laboratory (LE2I) UMR CNRS 6306. His research focuses on information systems, databases and data sciences.

**Frédéric Junger** is a PhD candidate at the University of Burgundy (Dijon, France). His thesis focuses on the staging of political personalities and more broadly on the ways in which political representation is reconfigured by the interactions that take place on digital social networks.

**Dr Sergey Kirgizov** is a lecturer in Computer Science at the Science and Technology Faculty of the University of Burgundy (Dijon, France). Born in Russia, he graduated from the Altai State University, before settling in France and completing his PhD in Computer Science at the Pierre and Marie Curie University (University of Paris VI), in 2014. In Paris he studied the Internet topology dynamics from network (graph) theoretical and statistical points of view. Now, he is a member of the team SISI of the research laboratory LE2I (UMR CNRS 6306), where he applies the complex networks methods in order to analyse massive amounts of rich connected data.

**Tatiana Kondrashova** M.A. is PhD student in Communication Science at the Languages and Communication Faculty of the University of Burgundy (Dijon, France). Born in Saint-Petersburg, she graduated firstly as M.A. in linguistics and language teaching from the Herzen State University of Saint-Petersburg, and then received her M.A. in Communication Studies at the University of Burgundy. She is a member of the CIMEOS research group (EA 4177), where she works on political discourse on Twitter through contrastive and semiotic analysis. E-mail: tatiana.kondrashova@u-bourgogne.fr.

**Dr Eric Leclercq** received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Burgundy in 2000. Since 2000, he has been Associate Professor of Computer Science at the University of Burgundy, France, and member of the Electronics, Informatics and Image Laboratory (LE2I) UMR CNRS 6306. His research focuses
on semantics aware data integration, semantic annotations, data models for complex networks and large scale data analytics.

**Arnaud Mercier (PhD)** is professor of information and communication science, at the University Panthéon-Assas (Paris), member of the CARISM research centre. Since 2014, he has been running a research program funded by the French National Research Agency, entitled, "Flow of information through social media". The purpose of this project is to study the upstream journalistic writing practices and innovative forms of action and self-presentation of editors and journalists on social networks, as well as new social practices and behaviors of Internet users, made of reappropriation, comments and (re) circulated information, via social networks & media.

**Dr Maria Francesca Murru** is a lecturer in Sociology of Media and Communication at the Università Cattolica di Milano, Faculty of Political and Social Sciences. Her research interests are focused on online public spheres and mediated civic participation and she is currently engaged in research projects dealing with mediated civic literacy and emergent publics. She has published in the field of media and audience research. E-mail: maria.murru@unicatt.it

**Dr Nanta Novello Paglianti** is associate professor in Communication Sciences at the University of Burgundy/Franche-Comte, France. She teaches semiotics and communication science. She is a member of the CIMEOS research group (EA 4177), where she specialises in mass-media communication and digital communication tools. E-mail: nanta.novello-paglianti@u-bourgogne.fr

**Dr Marinette Savonnet** received a Ph.D in computer science in 1996. She is associate professor in Computer Science at the University of Burgundy, and member of the Electronics, Informatics and Image Laboratory (LE2I) UMR CNRS 6306. Her research focuses on scientific information systems, semantic annotations and data models for large-scale data analytics. She is involved in several contractualized research projects, often in interdisciplinary collaborations.

**Tamara Vázquez Barrio** is Lecturer in Public Opinion at San Pablo CEU University (Spain). She holds a master's degree in audio-visual production from the Complutense University of Madrid, and a further MA in needs and rights of children and youths from the Autonomous University of Madrid. She also holds a degree expert in design and statistical treatment of market research from UNED. Her research interest includes political communication, with a special attention to digital politics and politainment, and on the effects of the mass media in childhood and young people. In the latter field her particular
interests are digital literacy, parental mediation and social responsibility of
the mass media.

**Caja Thimm, PhD**, is a professor of “Media Studies and Intermediality” at the University of Bonn and head of the Institute for Language, Media and Music. She studied in Heidelberg, San Francisco and Berkeley and held positions at the Universities of Saarbrücken, Essen, and Darmstadt. She was visiting professor at UC Santa Barbara (USA), and at the Universities of Wales/Cardiff and Liverpool, (UK), and Dijon (France). She served as a member of various Enquete-Commissions, such as “Responsibility in the medatized world” and currently heads a German Foundation project on “Deliberaton online”. Her main research interests are on digital cultures, social media, and political and organizational communication online. E-mail: thimm@uni-bonn.de; Twitter: @CThimm.

**Dr Marina Villa** is researcher in Sociology of Communication and Cultural processes at Università Cattolica of Milan/Brescia, where she teaches Theory and techniques of information. She completed her PhD in Sociology at Milan and Nanterre University (co-director: J. Mouchon). She worked in the Italian Audiovisual Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) and she collaborated with the Political Communication Observatories in Perugia and Torino. She is member of the Scientific Committee of Cares-Observatory of Communication in Pavia. Her research interests and publications are focused on political communication, journalism and public communication. E-mail: marina.villa@unicatt.it